Tol.  11 b Protece and Hi. 15 12 c Sire bishop 4 13 d Philip bishop  14 e Sun in Libra 12 15 f Niâ—omede priest 1 16 g Edith vir  17 A Lambart bishop 9 18 b Victor and Coro  19 c Eustace 17 20 d Fast 6 21 e Mathew Apostle  22 f Maurice 14 23 g Line Mart. 3 24 A German Abbot  25 b Cleophin and Ap. 11 26 c Ciprian and Iu. 19 27 d Cosme and Da.  28 e Exupere bishop 8 29 f Michaell arch  30 g Hierome doct October hath xxxj dayes 16 1 A Remigius bi 5 2 b Leodegare mar 13 3 c Candide mar â— 4 d Francis mart  5 e Faith virgin 10 6 f Gerionis  7 g Marce and Mar. 18 8 A Apolinaris mar 7 9 b Pelagi virgin  10 c Linus conf 15 11 d Denice his fe 4 12 e Nichasius bish  13 f Wilfride bish 12 14 g Sun in Scorpio 1 15 A Calixt bishop  16 b Wolfran bish 9 17 c Micha of the mo  18 d Luke Euange 17 19 e Etheldred virg 6 20 f Frideswide vir  21 g Austrebert virg 14 22 A xi M. virgins 3 23 b Mary Salome  24 c Romaine bishop 11 25 d Maglore bish  26 e Crispi and Cris 19 27 f Fast 8 28 g Simon and Iude.  29 A Narcissus bish 16 30 â— Germaine conf 5 31 c Fast Nouember hath .xxx. dayes  1 f All Saincts 13 2 g All Soules 2 3 A Wenefride virg  4 b Amantius 10 5 c Lete priest  6 d Leonard 18 7 e Wilbrode 7 8 f Fower cround  9 g Theodore 15 10 A Maxime 4 11 b Martine bishop  12 c Brise bishop 12 13 d Sun in Sagit 1 14 e Tran. Erkenw  15 f Macute bishop 9 16 g Dep. of Edmond  17 A Ini. reg Eliza. 17 18 b Octa. Martine 6 19 e Elizabeth mart  20 d Edmond king 14 21 e Pres of Mary 3 22 f Ciceli virgin  23 g Clement mart 11 24 A Grisogon mart 19 25 b Katharine virgin  26 c Line mart 8 27 d Vitales conf  28 e Rufus mart 16 29 d Saturni Fast 5 30 e Andrew Apostle December hath xxxj dayes  1 f Elegi bishop 13 2 g Liban mart 2 3 A Dep. of Osmo  4 b Barbara virg 10 5 c Sabba bishop  6 d Nicholas bish 18 7 e Octa. Andrew 7 8 f Con. of Mary  9 g Cyprian bish 15 10 A Eulalie vir 4 11 b Antippe  12 c Damase con 12 13 d Sun in Capricor 1 14 e Nicasius vir  15 f Otholie vir 9 16 g O Sapientia  17 A Lazarus con 17 18 b Gracian bish 6 19 c Venetia vir  20 d Fast 14 21 e Thomas Apost 3 22 f xxx Martyrs  23 g Victor virg 11 24 A Fast 19 25 b Christmas day  26 c Stephen mart 8 27 d Iohn Euang.  28 e Innocents day 16 29 f  5 30 g Tran. of Iame. 13 31 A Siluester mart A Table or Kalender for .30 yere shevving the Prime the Sundays letter and Leape yere and the mouable Feasts as the first Sunday in Lent and Easter day Assention day and VVhitsonday The Yere of our Lorde The prime Dominicall letter Fist sunday in Lent. Easter day Assention day VVhitsonday 1574. 17 c 28. Febr. 11. April 20. May. 30. May. 1575 18 b 20. Febr. 3. Aprill 12. May. 22. May 1576 19 Ag 11. March. 22. April 31. May. 10. Iune 1577 1 f 24. Febr. 7. Aprill 16. May 26. May 1578 2 e 16. Febr. 30. Mar. 8. May 18. May 1579 3 d 8. March. 19. April 28. May 7. Iune 1580 4 c b 20. Febr. 3. Aprill 12. May 22. May 1581 5 A 12 Febr. 26. Mar. 4. May 14. May 1582 6 g 4. March. 15. April 24. May 3. Iune 1583 7 f 17. Febr. 31. Mar. 9. May 19. May 1584 8 e d 8. March. 19. April 28. May 7. Iune 1585 9 c 28. Febr. 11. Aprill 20. May 30. May 1586 10 b 20. Febr. 3. Aprill 12. May 22. May 1587 11 A 5. March. 16. April 25. May 4. Iune 1588 12 g f 24. Febr. 7. Aprill 16. May 26. May 1589 13 e 16. Febr. 30. Mar. 8. May 18. May 1590 14 d 8. March. 19. April 28. May 7. Iune 1591 15 c 21. Febr. 4. Aprill 13. May 23. May 1592 16 b A 12. Febr. 26. Mar. 4. May 14. May 1593 17 g 4. March. 15. April 24. May 3. Iune 1594 18 f 17. Febr. 31. Mar. 9. May 19. May 1595 19 e 9. Marche 20. April 29. May 8. Iune 1596 1 d c 28. Febr. 11. Aprill 20 May 30. May 1597 2 b 13. Febr. 27. Mar. 4. May 15. May 1598 3 A 5. Marche 16. April 25. May 4. Iune 1599 4 g 25. Febr. 8. Aprill 17. May 27. May 1600 5 f e 9. Febr. 23. Mar. 1. May 11. May 1601 6 d 1. Marche 12. April 21. May 31. May 1602 7 c 21. Febr. 4. Aprill 13. May 23. May 1603 8 b 13. March. 24. April 2. Iune 12. Iune FOr that the common people do fall into suche a numbre of errours as touching the length of the day holding an opinioÌ„ that in euery .15 dayes the day is an houre longer or shorter the truth is this the day dothe keepe no suche proportion in the lengthening and shorting but dothe length and shorte according vnto the swiftnesse and the slownesse of the sunnes declination for when the Sunne hath swifte declination then doth the day lengthen and shorten apace and when that the Declination is slowe then dothe the day lengthen or shorten but slowly And yet the most parte of the common people do holde an opinion that at Christmasse or els at New yeares day at the furthest the day must néedes be an houre longer yet the Sunne hath not declined or come towardes the Equinoctiall .2 degrées and a halfe whiche will not make halfe an houre in the length of the day Wherefore I do thinke it good to declare thorowe the whole yeare when the day is an houre longer or shorter here in this place for the Latitude or heigth of the pole Articke at London the Pole beyng raysed .51 degrées and .32 minutes or .34 minutes and our longest Somer day is .16 houres and a halfe and our shortest winter day is .7 houres and a halfe from the rising of the Sunne vnto the setting of the Sunne and firste this the shortest winter day is the .11 or .12 day of December and then the Sunne riseth a quarter of an houre after .8 and setteth a quarter of an houre before .4 of the clocke and then the Sunne hath his greatest declination vnto the Southwardes And then the .29 day of December the day is a quarter of an houre longer then riseth the Sunne at .8 of the clocke and settes at .4 And then the 17. or .18 of Ianuarie the day is an houre longer and not before for the Sunne
declination to knowe the heigth of the Pole to take the Sun North at the lowest do this First with your crosse staffe obserue the Sun at the lowest taking the true distance betwéene the Horizon and the Sunne that being truely done looke what declination the Sunne hath then haue you to consider that except the Sunne be neare vnto hir greatest declination that is to say in the latter end of Gemini or the beginning of Cancer the Sunne dothe decline little in .24 houres but if the declination be very swift you must séeke the Sunnes declination vpon the day before and the daye after halfe the diuersitie of whych shall be the Sunnes declination for that the sunne is at the angle of mydnight The Sunnes true declination being knowne rebate the heigth of the same from the declination of the Sunne so shal you haue the true contente in degrées and minuts that the Equinoctiall is vnder the Horizon due North and then pulling that sum from .90 that which remaineth shal be the heigth of the pole aboue the Horizon for as it is before declared looke what heigth the Equinoctial is aboue the Horizon that is equal the distance betweene the Pole and the Zenith and looke what distance is betwéene the Equinoctiall and the Zenith the same distaunce is betwéene the Pole and the Horizon in like manner looke howe deepe vnder the Horizon the Equinoctiall is vnto the Northwards so far equall is the heigth of the Equinoctial vnto the southwards As for ensample admit I were vnto the Northwards of the North cape the Sun being in hir greatest declination vnto the Northwards whiche is about the .11 day of Iune .23 degrees and neere a halfe this being knowen I take the Sunne due North at the lowest iust .6 degrées aboue the Horizon the declination being .23 degrees and .28 minutes Wherefore I rebate from that .6 degrees and so there remayneth .17 degrées and .28 minutes For the depth of the Equinoctiall vnder the Horizon and then do I pull that summe from .90 and there remayneth 72. degrées .32 minutes for the true heigth of the North pole aboue the Horizon as by this ensample it is declared By this ensample you may also know the true heigth of any of the .2 poles and how to obserue the Sunne at the lowest when the Sunne commeth neerest vnto the Horizon as well as you may when the Sunne is vpon the Meridian at the greatest heigth from the Horizon which is very necessary for them that do occupy vnto the Northwardes of Sainct Nicholas in Rousey it is also very necessary for them that would attempt any viages of discouery vnto the Northwards as into the East by Noua Zemla or to the West by cape de Paramantia on the backe side of the North part of the tayle of America other wise called the backe side of Vacula whiche if it were attempted there is no doubt but they shoulde finde it nauigable eyther to the East parte or to the West part and I am of this opinion that the thing moste feared in making their discoucry vnto the Northward deserueth not so greatly to be feared as they do make it the cause why they are so loth to go very farre vnto the Northwards is for that it is the frosen zone but my opinion is that in sommer tyme it is not to be feared but the further vnto the Northwardes the more temperate warme by meanes of the long continuaunce of the Sunne for as we sée by common experience that a thing once being made warme cannot sodenly be made cold neither is there doubt of any great cold vntill the Sunne be vnto the Southwards of the Equinoctiall for I admit that a ship should sayle vnto the Northward and not stay vntill the North pole were eleuated .80 degrees aboue the Horizon I do thinke then they should find it very temperate and warme vnto the midle of September for that by the space of .9 wéekes togyther that is to say from the .10 day of May vnto the 12. day of Iuly the Sun should come no neerer vnto the Horizon due North than .10 degrees or .30 degrees vnto the South part aboue the Horizon and yet it is possible that it may be cold there vntill the ende of May for that the Sunne must haue a time to make the aire warme For like as a thing once béeing colde cannot bée sodaynely made warme so in like manner a place being once made warme cannot bée sodainely made colde And furthermore he that were in the Latitude of .80 degrées shoulde haue but a short paralele for the whole compasse of the earth and Sea going East and West too come rounde about to that place agayne in the same paralele is but .1250 english leagues euery league conteining .3 englishe miles So that in sayling of lesse than 500. or .600 leagues they myght sée whether it were nauigable or not The eleuenth Chapter doth shew hovv you shall knovve the length of the day and to knowe how much the day is shortened or lengthened by the Sunnes declination NOwe I thinke it conuenient for Seafaring men too knowe the length of the daye in anye place that they haue occasion too go vntoo for that they haue occasion too trauell intoo all the climates and places transporting them selues manye tymes quickly from one place vntoo another and although the aunciente writers haue appoynted certayne climates and other late writers in lyke manner haue made tables very exact for the longest or shortest day in anye of those climates and other places according to the eleuation of the pole yet haue they not opened anye waye vntoo them in gyuing anye order for them to knowe when the days is an houre longer or shorter whereby they might at all times knowe the length of the day which notwithstanding is very necessary for them for that they be abroade vnder sayle bothe night and day and in like manner for that they must kéepe account of houres and times exactly in as muche as they ought to kéepe an account of the shippes way wherefore it must néedes be most necessary for nauigation to knowe the true time of the Sunne rising and setting whiche you shall knowe by this meanes first this is not vnknowne that vnder the Equinoctiall the Sunne is .12 houres aboue the Horizon and .12 houres vnder the Horizon what declination soeuer the Sunne hath so that there the Sunne ryseth at .6 of the clocke and setteth at .6 of the clocke for euer And where the pole is raysed .16 degrees and .44 minutes there the longest day is .13 houres the Sunne hauing hir greatest declination at .23 degrées .28 minutes and the shortest day is 11. houres long and then looke when the Sunne hath declined .23 degrées and a halfe eyther backwards or forwardes for then the day is an houre longer or shorter and proportionably when the Sunne hath declined .11 degrées .44 minutes then it is halfe an houre longer or shorter c. Moreouer wher the pole is
eleuated .30 degrées .48 minutes there the longest day is .14 houres and the shortest day is .10 houres long the Sunne then rising at .5 of the clocke and setting at .7 of the clocke and there when the Sunne hath declined .11 degrees and .44 minutes from the Equinoctiall c vnto the greatest declination then the day is an houre longer or shorter and whē the Sunne hath declined .5 degrées .52 minutes then the day is halfe an houre longer or shorter c Furthermore also where the pole is raised .41 degrées .23 minutes there the longest day is .15 houres and the shortest .9 houres long the Sunne hauing hir greatest declination and as thē rising at .4 of the clocke .30 minutes and setting at .7 of the clocke .30 minutes so that there when the Sunne hath declined .7 degrées .49 minutes from the Equinoctiall the day shall be an houre longer or shorter and when it hath declined 3. degrées .54 minutes the day shall be halfe an houre longer or shorter c And furthermore where the Pole is raysed .49 degrees one minute there the longest day is .16 houres and the shortest .8 houres long the Sunne rysing at .4 of the clocke and setting at .8 of the clocke so that there when the Sunne hath declyned .5 degrées .52 minutes from the Equinoctiall then shall the daye be an houre longer or shorter And when the Sunne hath declyned .2 degrees .56 minutes then the daye shall be halfe an houre longer or shorter c Yet furthermore where the Pole is raysed .54 degrées .30 minutes there the longest day is .17 houres and the shortest 7. houres long the Sunne then rysing at .3 of the clocke 30. minutes and setting at .8 and .30 minutes where when the Sun hath declyned .4 degrees .41 minutes from the Equinoctial to the greatest declynatiō the day is an hour longer or shorter and when she hath declined .2 degrées .21 minuts the day is halfe an houre longer or shorter c. Where also the Pole is raysed .58 degrées .27 minutes there the longest day is 18. houres long and the shortest but .6 and there when the Sunne hath declined .3 degrées .55 minuts from the equinoctiall then the day shall be an hour longer or shorter and when the Sunne hath declyned .2 degrées lacking .2 minuts then the day shall be halfe an houre longer or shorter Furthermore also wher the pole is raised .61 degrees .18 minuts there the longest day is .19 houres long and the shortest but .5 houres then shall the Sunne ryse at .2 of the clocke .30 minutes and set at .9 and .30 minutes and there when the Sun hath declined .3 degrees and .21 minutes from the Equinoctiall then shall the daye be an houre longer or shorter c. Furthermore where the Pole is raysed .63 degrées .22 minutes there the longest daye is .20 houres long and the shortest but .4 houres then shall the Sunne ryse at two of the clocke and sette at tenne of the clocke and when the Sunne hath declyned two degrées and fiftie sixe minutes from the Equinoctiall vnto the greatest declination then shall the day be an houre longer or shorter c. Now where the pole is raysed .64 degrées .49 minutes there the longest day shall be .21 houres long and the shortest but .3 houres And there when the Sun hath declined but .2 degrées .36 minutes from the Equinoctiall vnto the greatest declination the day shall be an houre longer or shorter Where also the pole is raised .65 degrées there the longest day shall be .22 houres and the shortest but .2 houres long and when that the Sunne hath declyned but .2 degrées and .20 minutes from the Equinoctiall c. then the day shall be an houre longer or shorter c. And where the pole is raysed .66 degrees .20 minutes the longest day shall be .23 houres long and the shortest but one houre long and then when that the Sunne hath declined but .2 degrees .8 minutes then the day shall be an houre longer or shorter and then where that the North pole is raysed .66 degrées and .32 minutes there it is 24. houres long for that when the Sunne hath hir greatest declination vnto the Northwardes then at midnight you shall sée halfe the Sunne and then when that the Sun hathe the greatest declination vnto the South parts then you shal sée but halfe the Sunne at noone and then in the going but 15. miles further vnto the Northwards that is but one quarter of a degrée then the Sunne shall be cleane aboue the Horizō at the due North and not seene vnto the South at noone aboue the Horizon the Sunne hauing hir greatest declination to the South and then the day shal be an hour longer or shorter when that the Sunne hath declined one degrée .57 minutes from the Equinoctiall and so foorth vnto the greatest declination And thus much haue I sayd as touching the length of the daye whereby you maye knowe at all times the true length of the day in any Latitude betwéene the Equinoctiall and the eleuation of the pole at .66 degrées and 32. minutes by knowing howe manye degrées the Sunne is declined and that you may know on euery day by the regiment going before hauing this consideration that if the Sunne being vppon the Equinoctiall and hauing no declination that then in anye Latitude the daye is alwayes iust .12 houres long And you must note this that it is called the day from the rising of the Sunne vnto the setting of the same vnder the Horizon and not from day light vnto day light For before the Sun rise and after that the Sun is set it is counted for no parcell of the day but it is called the day light And furthermore the day light will appeare by that time that the Sunne doth touch the .17 degrée of the Horizon before the Sunne rising and also the day light will not be cleane gone vntill the Sunne be more than .17 degrées vnder the Horizon for as you may perceiue here with vs at London that when the Sunne hath hir greatest declination vnto the Northwards in Iune that the day light remaineth all night for that the Sunne goeth not vnder the Horizon but .15 degrées and .2 minutes The twelfth Chapter is of the North Starre AS touching the North Starre I say but little thereof for that it is sufficiently declared in the art of nauigation the Starre hathe Longitude vnto the signe of Gemini and from the poles of the world in the signe of Aries which Star standeth vppon the tippe of the tayle of vrsa minor or little Beare and hath Latitude frō the line Eclipticke .66 degrées 30. minutes and declination from the Equinoctiall .96 degrées or there aboutes Héere followeth the note by the guardes to knowe whether the North Starre be aboue the pole or vnder
shewe you the distance of time And first at S. Michaels Mount the Moone changeth rather than at London by 25. minuts Rather at Falmouth than at London by .20 mi. At Plimmouth rather than at London by .18 min. At South Hampton rather than at London by 5. minuts At Portsmouth rather than at Lon. by .4 minuts At Rye later than at London by one minute and ½ At Douer later than at London by .6 minutes and more At Canterburie later than at London by .5 minutes At Sandwich later than at London by .6 minuts Grauesend later than at London by one minute and a halfe Bristow rather than at London by .11 minutes Haruard rather than at London by 12. minutes Saint Dauids head rather than at London by 19. minutes Oxforde rather than at London by .4 minuts Cambridge later than at London by ⅔ partes of a minute Norwich later than at London by .5 minuts and more Lincolne later than at London by .2 minutes Welshpoole rather than at London by .16 minutes Westchester rather than at London by .10 minutes Hull later than at London by .4 minutes Yorke later than at London by ¼ of a minute Cockermouth rather than at London by .12 minutes Carelyle rather than at London by .9 minutes Newecastle later than at London by .2 minutes Barwicke later than at London by thrée minutes and more The cause why that it is called the chaunge of the Moone is for that the Moone chaungeth the sydes of the Sunne for before the change the Moone is on the West side of the Sun and after the chaunge the Moone is on the Easte side of the Sunne c. Nowe in like manner I thinke it necessarie to be spoken of the difference of the longest day in Sommer in euery seuerall Latitude through the whole Realme of England frō the Southermost part called the Lizard to the Northermost part in Scotlande and this is called the day from the Sunne rysing or appearing aboue the Horizon Firste at South Hampton the longest daye is .16 houres long .26 minutes the shortest .7 houres .54 minutes At London .16 houres .30 minutes longest .7 houres .30 minuts shortest At Lincolne .16 houres .45 minuts longest .7 hours 15. minutes shortest At Yorke the longest .17 houres the shortest .7 houres Newcastle the longest .17 houres .12 minutes the shortest .6 houres .48 minutes Barwicke the longest .17 houres .30 minutis the shortest .6 houres .30 minuts Edenborow in Scotlande the longest day in Sommer .17 houres .45 minuts the shortest day .6 houres .15 minutes Now Catnes point being the northermost part in all Scotlande the Pole being raised to .62 degrées there the longest day is .19 houres .30 minuts the shortest daye .4 houres .30 minutes Nowe this you doe consider loke what the longest day doth containe looke what that lacketh of .24 hours that is the shortest Winter day c. The eightenth Chapter or rule shevveth hovve to sayle by the Globe NOw to sayle by the Globe it is conuenient to be spoken of For that generally the most part of the seamen make their account as though the earth wer a platforme For they do not consider that the earth is a Globe and that the Meridians do growe narrower and narrower towards the .2 poles for it is vnpossible to drawe the face of the earth and the Sea true vpon a platforme for if you wil describe the lande true then shall not the Sea be true for as you go towardes the North partes your Meridians growe togither so as your lines or pointes be according to the arte of Hydrography for the Sea shall be broader to the North partes than it is Nowe and if you woulde describe the Sea true with lines courses distances hauens and daungers then shoulde your lande be broader to the North partes than it is As for ensāple thus Englande and Scotlande being both one Ilande in all your Cardes of Nauigation the North parte of Scotland is drawn much bigger than it is for otherwise the lines of South North shoulde not be according to the treating of the lande for if you viewe it well you shall finde the North ende of Scotlande much more in distance than it is As you may see in measuring it by the trunke of youre carde there For youre better vnderstanding I will shewe you the compasse of the earth vnder sundrye Paralels or Circles howe many myles the earthe doth contayne in compasse Fyrst vnder the Equinoctiall where the earthe is at the greatest compasse in going directly Easte or Weaste that is by a ryghte line ouer Sea and Lande the two Poles being euen wyth your Horizon you haue .21600 myles to come to the place you departed from Vnder the Tropicke of Cancer the North Pole being raysed .23 degrées .28 minutes going directly East West it is .19800 miles in compasse in our artick circle of London wher the pole artick is raised .15 deg 32. minuts going East west it is .13320 myles in compasse then vnderneath the Polare circle where the Pole is raysed sixtie sixe degrees thirtie two minutes it is .8460 miles in compasse By this you sée that the compasse of the East and Weast lyne comming from the Equinoctiall is muche lesser to the North wardes than it is to the South wardes Wherefore when you shall haue any occasion to attempte any voyage to the North parts it is best to sayle by a Globe for so shall you better see the distances and bignesse of the landes and in like manner your lines and courses In this order fyrste according to the accustomed manner kéepe a perfitte accounte and reckoning of the waye of the shippe by what lyne or poynte your Shippe hathe made hir waye good then muste you resorte to youre Globe After that consider what place and Paralell you be in whiche you maye doe by the Sunne by daye and by the Starres by nyght Nowe knowing what place and Paralel you be in sette youre Globe to the eleuation of youre Pole that doone turne to the place of youre Zenith and seeke the opposite of it in your Paralell for then you knowe that in the same Paralell is youre Easte and Weaste lyne that had the iuste quarter of that circle to the Pole muste be deuided into the eight pointes of your compasse doing so likewise on the other side In like case if you come to the Southwards deuide your .8 wyndes from your Antarticke Pole to youre Paralell circle and thus must you doe euer and anon for the oftner you do obserue this custome the better perfiter shal your course be Now thus briefly I make an end of the sayling by the Globe But for them that do occupie the Southparts nothing is better than their cardes Bycause I haue declared vnto you the length of certayne of the Paralels what myles the Earth doth contayne in compasse vnder them now wil I shew you how many myles distance is between euery one
is very good for them that are Masters or Pylotes of shippes to note when they doe fall with any lande where the Compasse is varied to make a remembrance in a booke howe many poyntes and degrees the CoÌ„passe is varied in euery place where they come vnto which will be a great helpe for them to finde that place agayne And to finde the variation it is declared in the 6. Chapter And héere I leaue to trouble thée any further for this time but shortly after this looke for two other workes of myne the one called The shoting in great Ordinance an other named A Treasure for Trauellers which two Bookes will be profitable I trust for all men If these my labours may profite my Countrey then haue I my desire And thus I bid thee moste hartily farewell 8. Capitall or head pointes 8. Inferior pointes or winds 16. by pointes or windes Thenames of the .32 pointes of the coÌ„paâ—se The contents of the Equinoctiall circle 360. degres one point of the coÌ„passe contayneth 11. degrees and a quarter The .32 pointes brought into .24 houres The cause why that it was called the Pryme or Golden number To knowe howe many the Epact is The pryme is the time of .19 yeres To knowe the age of the Moone by the number of the Epact To knowe the alteration of the â—ides in .24 houres An ensample for the full Sea vppon the â—â—nds end â–ª for euery day of the age of the Moone To shift the Sunne and Moone by the points of the compasse The contente of the numbre of dayes and houres in one moone the houres in euery mone be .708.44 minuts The contente of a year is .365 dayes .5 hours .55 Minuts How the mooneths tooke their names The Zodiack conteyneth .360 degrees The moouing of .24 houres The tyme that the Moone goeth thorow the .12 signes The .3 motions of the Moone Of Auge The cause why the Moone chaungeth rather or later The mone goeth in .24 hours somtimes more degrees and sometime fewer degrees The moue is not one point asunder from the Sunne in .24 houres The mone is in .24 houres a point and .11 minuts asunder froÌ„ the Sunne Error of Marriners It will now a point of the compasse more in the spring tides than in the neap tides in a Riuer that hath any distance vnto the Sea. To know how long the Mone shineth To knowe what houre or point the Moone ryseth or setteth To knowe what houre the Moone is South for euery day of the age of the Moone Of the chaunge Of the full Moone Quarter of the Moon Ensample of the moones rysing setting The Mone hath latitude You cannot know what a clock it is by the compasse the Sun being in the north signes Error of the shadow of the Moonâ— The Equinoctiall dyals be very good As touching the length and shortnesse of the day and night Euery person cannot calculate the Sunnes declination Two times in the yeare the Sunne hath no declination 1573. How to obserue the sun To take the heigth of the Sunne with the crosse staffe The cause why the crosse staffe is best to take the heigth of the Sun vnto 50 degrees To take the heigth of the Sun with the Astrolobe Howe to correct your Astrolobe if it dothe nor hang vpright The Astrolobe is best to take the heigth of the Sunne at .60.70 or .80 degrees in heigth How to preserue your eyes when you touch the Sunne with the crosse staffe and haue no glasses The diameter of the Sunne is 30. or .31 minuts Some error in the crosse staffe and how to reforme it To get the true Meridian vpon the Land. To knowe the true Meridian at the Sea and also if your compas be varied and to know how much they be varied To find the variation of the compas in the night by the Starres but not by the Moone â–ª Medell not with your compasse al though it be varied To saile by the compas that is varied As touching Longitude to be found by the Northeasting or Northwesting of the compasse The greatest declination of the Sunne Equinoctiall of Autumne The greatest declination to the South The yeare is compared vnto a ring or an adder biting his tayle The heigth of the Sun being taken and knoweÌ„ then how to handle the declinatioÌ„ to know the heigth of the pole Things to be noted as touching the taking of the altitude of the pole A thing to be noted Altitude or Latitude is all one question in effect Being vnder the Equinoctiall you haue neither Latitude nor altitude for that the Equinoctiall is your Zenith and the Poles your Horizon Of your zenith being betweene the Equinoctiall and the Sunne An ensaÌ„ple An ensaÌ„ple where the pole is .10 degrees aboue the Horizon An ensaÌ„ple To take the Sun to the Northwardes you being betweene the south Pole and the Equinoctiall An ensaÌ„ple by taking the South pole 41. degrees aboue the Horizon An ensaÌ„ple by taking the north pole 60. degrees aboue the Horizon A thing to be noted in the handling of the SuÌ„nes declination Howe to know whiche of the .2 poles be vnder the horizon The cause why english meÌ„ haue not traueled far beyonde the Equinoctiall An vntemperat place for extreme heate Temperate clymate Of being vnder either of the poles Of taking the heigth of the sun due north at the lowest A thing worthy to be noted as touching the sunnes declination A thing to be noted of the pole and the Equinoctiall the Zenith and the Horizon The Sun taken due North at .6 degrees Of viages for discouery to the Northwards eyther to the Eastward by Noua Zemla or to the West ward by cape de Paramantia Of temperatenesse the pole being raysed 80. degrees The length of the paralele at .80 degrees is but .1250 english leagues How necessary it is for a Seafaring man to know the leÌ„gth of the day Vnder the Equinoctial the day is always .12 houres loÌ„g The pole 16. degrees 44. minuts the day .13 houres long when it is at the loÌ„gest â–ª The pole 30. degrees 48. minuts the longest day .14 houres loÌ„g The pole 41. degrees 23. minutes the longest day .15 houres loÌ„g The pole raised .49 deg 1. mi. then the longest day is 16. houres long The pole raised .54 deg 30. mi. then the longest daye is 17. houres long The pole raysed .58 deg 27. mi. the longest day is .18 houres long The pole raysed .61 deg 18. mi. the longest day is .19 houres long The Pole 63. deg 2. mi. the longest day .20 hours long The pole raysed .64 degrees .49 minutes the longest day 11. houres long The pole 65. degrees the longest day .22 houres loÌ„g The pole 66. degrees 20. minutes the longest day .23 houres loÌ„g The pole 66. degrees 32. minutes then the Sun shall not set vnto them The Sun clean aboue the Horizon due North and not to appeare aboue the Horizon South at noone To knowe the length of the day at
any time in any place What the day is The North Starres declination ▪ In going southwards you rayse the equinoctiall lay the pole in going to the northwards rayse the pole and lay the Equinoctiall Of englishe leagues and spanish leagues A mile containeth 1000. pases and euery pase .5 fote A degree is 60. miles or 20. englishe leagues A note to knowe in how far sayling you do rayse or lay a degree in the sayling by any one point of the compasse A note for the land rysing in diuers shapes or fashions To knowe how far the lande is frō you Where two lands be but one point asunder Of .2 places to be one point asunder To be two points asūder 3. pointes asunder 4. pointes asunder 5. pointes asunder 6. pointes asunder Of going or sayling right into the shore A way to knowe how one hedland beareth of another To knowe the distance at the Sea betweene any .2 headlandes To knowe howe far it is vnto the land an other way To knowe the shippes way An englishe league .2500 fadome A Spanish league .2857 fadome Altering the time of rising and setting of the lights Altering the aspects Of Latitude and Longitude 15. degrees is an houre of time and at London it is .555 miles Longitude beginneth at the Cannary Ilāds To know the true time of the aspects of the Mone The Longitude is not to be gotten with instrumēts on the Sea. 15. degrees answereth vnto an houre of time To knowe the true time of the change quarters of the moon is a question astronomicall geometricall and cosmographicall To know the diuersitie of the time of the chaunge of the moon through all England To know the lēgth of the longest day through all England Scotlande You cannot drawe the Land sea true vpon a flat thing To make a Sea plat or carde The compasse of the earth The compasse of the earth vnder the tropick of Cancer The artick circle of Lōdon vnder the Polare circle How to vse the globe to direct your course and to knowe how that any place doth beare The distāce between the equinoctiall and the tropick of Cancer Between the artick circle of London the tropick of Cancer The cause why that you may see the sailes of a ship not the whole To knowe howe many foote and ynches that the water is higher than the leuell or the sea between two ships What a ken is and the cause why you may see a ship further out of the top then vpon the hatches Not to paint their Sea cards but to vse the vacant places with other necessary matters To draw the shape of the lād in their cardes Great infirmities by mistaking any place How necessary a thing the sea cardes be .3 necessarie things in the sea cardes To knowe howe any place dothe beare from you by the carde To knowe howe far it is vnto any place by the carde To knowe what Latitude or heigth of the pole any place hath by the carde Things to be cōsidered by the M. or pilote of a ship They may correct the ships waye by the taking the heigth of the Pole. To knowe howe far that the lande is of from you by the sight of the lande with youre compasses to do it vpon the land If the pole be raysed more than 50. or .60 degrees it is to hye to be obserued by the crosse Staffe These Starres will serue beyond the Equinoctiall To knowe the rising and setting of these Starres in all places by the order of the xi Chapter The order of the table following How to vse the starres declination to know the heigth of the Pole. The .11 chapter will shewe howe long any of these stars wil shine in all places The signification of the letters in the table The sunne and moone doth giue a full shadow by the compasse The Equinoctiall diall giueth a true shadowe all the world ouer A perilous matter The moone may decline 28. degrees and a halfe from the Equinoctiall Of mē that wil haue instruments and knowe not the vse of them An easie waye to make an equinoctiall diall with little charge The sounding neare vnto Vshāt and the Lizarde The sounding in the channell The higth of the pole at the entrāce of the Sleeue Necessary things to be noted for thē that are Chānellers dealers amongst sandes Of the cōpasse to varie by euen proportion Of the cōpasse to vary by no proportion Of the compasse to varie according vnto the proportion of a circle that is swiftly slowly To know in how many degrees goyng but the Eastwarde or Westwarde that the cōpasse doth varie one poynt or .2 points or .3 points c. To knowe how many degrees is in the varying of one poynt If you wil know howe many leagues a degree is repayre to the 16. chapter There may growe some errour in the proportion of the varying of the Compasse Thinges that I can not know Of slowe varying of the cōpasse How easy it is to knowe whether that the cōpasses made in the West Indies ▪ do stād due North. Of making notes of the variation The Table of the contents of this booke THe first chapter of Nauigatiō sheweth what the .32 poyntes of the compasse be and to what vses they do serue Fol. 8. a The .2 chapter treateth of the golden number or prime shewing the Epact and by the Epact to knowe the age of the Moone Fol. 9. b The .3 chapter teacheth howe to know by the age of the Moone what a clocke it dothe flowe or is full Sea at any place where you do knowe what Moone maketh a full Sea. Fol. 10. b The .4 chap. treateth of the Sunne and Moones course in the Zodiacke and howe you shall knowe at what houres the Moone shal rise and set at and at what poynt of the Compasse with other necessarie things Fo. 14 ▪ a The .5 chapter is of a table of declination commonly called of Seafaring men a Regiment of the sunne exactly calculated for .4 yeres and will serue for .24 yeres for euery daye of the monthe Fol. 16. b The .6 chapter sheweth howe to take the height of the Sunne with the Crosse staffe c. Fol. 26. a The .7 chapter sheweth howe to handle the declination of the Sunne to know the altitude of the north pole aboue the Horizon the height of the Sunne beeing truly taken knowne in any place betweene the North pole and the Equinoctial so that the sunne be vnto the Southwards of you at the taking of the fame vpon the Meridian Fol. 29. a The .8 chapter sheweth you how to handle the declination of the Sunne when you are betweene the Equinoctiall and the sunne that is to say the sunne to the Southwardes or Northwards of you and the Equinoctiall to the Northwards or Southwards or vnder the Equinoctiall the height of the sun being truly knowē or takē f. 30. b The .9 chap. sheweth howe to handle the declination of the sunne when you are beyonde the Equinoctial that is to say betweene the South pole and the Equinoctiall with certen ensamples bothe for the South pole and the North pole Fol. 32. a The .10 chapter sheweth howe to handle the sunnes declinatiō vnto the Northward where the sunne doth not set vnder the Horizō and also to take the sun at the lowest due north f. 34. b The .11 chap. doth shew howe you shall know the length of the day and to know how muche the day is shortned or lengthened by the sunnes declination Fol. 36. a The .12 ch is of the North-star f. 38. a The .13 chap. doth shew you by the sayling vpō the quarter of your compasse in how far sayling you do rayse a degree and what you do depart from the Meridian c. Fol. 39. a The .14 chapter sheweth howe to knowe howe farre any lande is off from you if you knowe the distance betwene any two places whether that you do runne alongst by the lande or directly to the shore or otherwise with other necessarie things Fol. 40. a The .15 chapter treateth of the longitude c. Fol. 42. b The .16 chapter sheweth how many miles will answere to one degree of longitude in euery seueral latitude betweene the Equinoctiall and eyther of the two poles with the demōstratiō for that purpose also the diuersitie of aspects of the Moone fo 44. a The .17 chapter treateth of the longitude and latitude of certayne of the most notable townes in Englande and also how long the moone doth chaūge at one towne before an other with the diuersitie of the longest day in sommer from Southhampton to the northermost part in Scotland Fo. 45. b The .18 chapter sheweth howe to sayle by the globe And to know how much the water is hyer than the leuell betweene any two shippes on the Sea which groweth by the roundnesse of the earth Fol. 47. a The .19 chapter is as touching the making of plattes or Cardes for the Sea and not to paynt their Cardes as they doe but rather to fill the vacant places with other necessarie matters and also of three necessary things conteyned in the Plattes or Cardes with their vses Fol. 49. a The .20 chapter is of the longitude and declination of .32 notable fixed starres for Nauigation with tables of their shining and at what poynt of the compasse they do both rise and set it hathe also tables for euery monthe in the yere declaring at what time they wil be South c. which wil continue these .100 yeres without muche error Fol. 51. b The .21 chapter sheweth you the making of a generall Instrument to know the houre of the day by through out all the worlde Fol. 57. b The .22 chap. treateth of the soundings cōming from any place out of the Occidentall Sea to seeke Vshant or the Lizarde and so all alongst tyll you come to the coast of Flaunders with other necessarie matters to be knowne for them that be Chanellers that occupie or deale amongst sandes bankes c. Fol. 59. b The .23 chapter is as touching the variation of the Compasse called the Northeasting and Northweasting of the Compasse and howe to giue a gesse to know the longitude Fol. 61. a FINIS
muste be declined from hir Solstick of winter .5 degrées and .12 minuts before the day is lengthned an houre so that I do affirme that from the .4 or .5 day of Nouember vnto the .17 or .18 day of Ianuary in all that time the day is but one houre shorter and longer which is the time of 10. wéekes And then the .27 or .28 of Ianuarie the night is â—5 houres long then riseth the Sunne half an houre after .7 and setteth halfe an houre after foure of the clocke And then the .11 or .12 day of Februarie the day is .10 houres long then riseth the Sunne at .7 and setteth at .5 of the clocke And then the .26 day of Februarie the day is .11 houres long then riseth the Sunne halfe an houre after .6 and setteth halfe an houre after .5 of the clocke And then the .11 â–ª day of Marche the sunne is vpon the Equinoctiall and the day iuste .12 houres long all the world ouer And then the .24 day of Marche the day is .13 houres long and then riseth the Sunne halfe an houre before 6. and setteth halfe an houre after .6 of the clocke And then the .7 day of Aprill the day is .14 houres long and then riseth the Sunne at .5 of the clocke iust and setteth at .7 of the clocke iuste And then the .23 day of Aprill the day is .15 houres long and there riseth the Sunne halfe an houre before .5 and setteth halfe an houre after .7 of the clocke And then the .15 day of Maye the day is .16 houres long then riseth the Sunne at .4 of the clocke and setteth at .8 of the clocke iuste And then the .11 of Iune the Sunne hath hir greatest declination to the Northwarde and then is our longest Somer dayes and then it is .16 houres and a halfe from the Sunne rising vnto the Sunne setting so that the Sunne riseth a quarter of an houre before .4 and setteth a quarter of an houre after eight of the clocke And then the .10 day of Iulie the day is .16 houres long then riseth the sunne at .4 and setteth at .8 of the clocke And then the laste of Iuly the day is .15 houres long And then the .16 day of August the day is .14 houres long And then the laste day of August the day is .13 houres long And then the .13 or .14 of September the sunne is vpon the Equinoctiall and the day iuste .12 houres long And then the .27 day of September the day is .11 houres long And then the 11. of October the day is .10 houres long And then the .26 day of October the day is .9 houres long And then the .15 day of Nouember the day is .8 houres long and so vnto the .11 or 12. of December and then the day is at the shortest as before is declared Thus much haue I sayde as touching the length of the day by euen houres whiche some people will haue at the entrance of the Sunne into the .12 signes of which in the lengthing and shorting of the day there is no such matter but onely this looke when that the Sunne hath declined .5 degrées and .12 minutes in this our Latitude then is the day an houre longer or shorter as you shall finde this matter more larglier spoken of in all places thorowe the worlde in the â—1 chapter of the booke Faultes escaped in the Printing Fol. 2. b. lin 30. after oblique leaue out equinoctiall fol. 8. b. lin 30. for crossing in reade crossing the equinoctiall in fol. 3. a. lin 3. for .21 read .12 fol. eod lin 10. for respectes read aspects fol. 3. b. lin 18. for placing read passing fol. 9. a. lin 11. for Northeast read Northwest fol. 12. b. lin 20. for rarer read rather fol. 13. a. lin 22. for Nas read Naase fol. 28. b. lin 2. for pointes read pointers fol. 35. b. lin 11. for vacula read Bacula fol. 41. a. lin 13. for North North read North Northeast fol. 42. b. lin 14. for .250 read .2500 fol. 43. a. lin 15. for whiche are reade with vs fol. 45. a. lin 20. for noone read Rome fol. eod lin 24. for a quarter read .3 quarters fol. 46. a. lin 13. for .52 read .53 fol. eod lin 15. for .15 read .17 fol. 47. a. lin penult for treating reade trenting fol. 48. a. lin 24. for whole read holde fol. eod b. lin 3. for middle of the head middle most fol. 52. a. lin 13. for port read part ¶ A Table of the reigne of Kings since the Conquest Number of Kings and Queenes The names of the Kings of England Beginning of their Reigne Time of their death The place of their buriall 1 William Conqueror 14. Oct. 9. Sept. 1087 Cane in Norm 2 William Rufus 9. Sept. 1. August 1100 Westminster 3 Henry the first 1. Aug. 2. DeceÌ„b. 1136 Reding 4 Stephan 2. Dece 25. Octob. 1154 Feuersâ—am 5 Henry the second 25 Octo. 6. Iuly 1189 Fonteuerard 6 Richard the first 6. Iulie 6. Aprill 1199 Fonteuerard 7 Iohn 6. Aprill 19. Octob. 1216 Worcester 8 Henry the third 19. Octo 16. Nou. 1272 Westminster 9 Edward the first 16. Nou. 6. Iuly 1307 Westminster 10 Edward the second 6. Iuly 25. Ianu. 1327 Glocester 11 Edward the third 25. Ian. 21. Iune 1377 Westminster 12 Richard the second 21 Iune 16. Sep. 1400 Westminster 13 Henry the fourth 16. Sep. 20. Mar. 1413 Canterbury 14 Henry the fifth 20. Mar. 31. Augu. 1422 Westminster 15 Henry the sixt 31. Aug. 4. Mar. 1461 Windesor 16 Edward the fourth 4. Mar. 9. Aprill 1483 Windesor 17 Edward the fifth 9. Aprill 22. Iune 1484 Westminster 18 Richard the third 22. Iune 22. Aug. 1486 Lecester 19 Henry the seuenth 22 Aug. 22. April 1509 Westminster 20 Henry the eyght 22. April 28. Ianu. 1547 Windesor 21 Edward the fiâ—t 28. Ian. 6. Iuly 1553. Westminster 22 Quéene Mary 6. Iuly 17. Nou. 1559 Westminster 23 Quéene Elizabeth 17. Nou.   ¶ A profitable and necessarie rule to knovv the beginning and ending of euery Terme with their returnes Hillarie Tearme beginneth the .xxiij. of Ianuarie if it be not Sunday whiche then is referred vntill the next day after and endeth the .xij. of February and hath foure returnes that is to saye Octauis Hillarij Quind Hillarij Crastino Purific Octauis Purific Easter Tearme beginneth .xvij. dayes after Easter and endeth the Monday nexte after the Assention day and hath fiue returnes that is to say Quind Pasch Tres Paschae Mense Paschae Quinque Paschae Crast Ascention Trinitie Tearme beginneth the friday next after Trinity sunday and endeth the wednesday fortnight after and hath foure returnes that is to say Crast Trinitati Octauis Trinita Quind Trinitat Tres Trinitat Michaelmas Tearme beginneth the .9 day of October if it be not Sunday and endeth the .xxviij. or .xxix. of Nouember and hath eyght returnes that is to say Octauis Micha Quind Michae Tres Michaelis Mense Michael Crast Anima Crast Martini
minutes .5 days olde at .4 of the clock iust .6 days olde at .4 of the clock 48. minuts .7 days olde at .5 of the clock .36 minutes When the Moone is iust a quarter old she is South at .6 of the clock at night at .8 dayes olde the Moone is South at .6 of the clocke .48 minutes at .9 dayes olde at .7 of the clock .12 minutes at .10 dayes olde at .8 of the clocke iust At .11 dayes olde at .8 of the clock .48 minutes at .12 dayes olde at .9 of the clocke .36 minutes at .13 dayes olde at .10 of the clock .24 minutes at .14 dayes olde at .11 of the clocke .12 minutes at .15 dayes olde being the full Moone she is then South at midnight One daye after the full Moone she is South at .12 of the clocke .48 minutes at midnight Two dayes after the full at one of the clocke .36 minutes Three dayes after at .2 of the clocke .24 minutes Foure days after at .3 of the clock 12. minutes Fiue dayes after at .4 of the clocke iust in the morning Sixe dayes after at .4 of the clock .48 minutes .7 dayes after at .5 of the clocke .36 minutes When the Moone is thrée quarters olds she is South at .6 of the clocke in the morning At .8 dayes after the full being the firste daye after the quarter at .6 of the clocke .24 minuts .9 days after at 7. of the clocke .12 minutes .10 dayes after at .8 of the clocke iust .11 dayes after at .8 of the clocke .48 minutes .12 dayes after South at .9 of the clocke 36. minutes .13 dayes after South at .10 of the clocke in the forenoone .24 minutes .14 dayes after at .11 of the clocke .12 minutes at .15 dayes after the Moone dothe chaunge being then with the Sunne for the chaunge of the Moone is when the Moone and the Sunne be bothe vnder one like degree and minute of any signe of the Zodiack The full Moone is when the Sunne and the Moone be opposite the one being directly against the other and iust .6 signes asunder as you maye perceiue at the full Moone for then when the Moone ryseth the Sunne setteth and when the sunne ryseth the Moone setteth The quarters be when the Sunne and Moone be iust .3 signes asunder that is iust .90 degrées Nowe when you list to knowe the very time of the Moones rysing or setting looke in your kalender what signe and degree the Moone is in then according to the rule of the shining deuide that into .2 equall partes then from the South so shall you see at what houre the Moone ryseth as for example this In March alwayes the Sunne is in Aries then the Moone being in hir first quarter then she is 6. hours to the Eastward of the Sunne then the Moone must needs be in Cancer Then shineth the Moone in our Horizon 17. houres then the Moone is South at .6 of the clock then she shineth .8 houres and a halfe after .6 of the clock So that she setteth at .2 of the clock and halfe an houre past then she ryseth in the day .8 houres and a half before .6 of the clock that is at .9 of the clocke and halfe an houre past Now at the last quarter in March then the Moone muste néedes be in Capricornus then shineth the Moone but .7 houres then the moone is South at .6 of the clock in the morning then the Moone riseth .3 houres and a halfe before that is at .2 of the clocke and halfe an houre paste in the morning then she setteth by day at .9 of the clocke and halfe an houre paste and this rule will serue for euer without any great error But yet there is a further matter for the exacte doing which is the Latitude of the Moone from the heade or tayle of the Dragon but that is but a trifle in respecte of muche error and therefore I will not trouble you with that yet there is one thing whiche I would Seafaring men should consider although a great nūbe expert in that yet it is méete to be spoken of as this The Sunne being in Cancer or Moone in like maner or in Gemini or any time when the Sunne or Moone hath North declination they wil set their compasse before them and when they see the Sunne giue an Easte shadowe they will saye that it is .6 of the clock which and if the Sunne be in Cancer it is not muche paste fiue of the clocke and the more to the South wardes the more they doe erre And in like case the Moone being in Cancer when they doe sée the Moone giue an East shadowe by their compasse they will say the Moone is Weast but they do not consider that the Sunne and the Moone being in Cancer commeth so neare our Zenithe or Verticall poynte right ouer our heade whiche is the verie heigth of their declination comming so neare them therfore they must iudge the East or Weast from the Pole or North starre if they will iudge truely Wherefore I do much commende the Equinoctiall Dyals for the exacte truth for they can not know the truth by their compasse so that the Sunne or Moone or any other Starre haue any great declination being in Cancer and you must consider this in like manner The Sunne hauing North declination the further you doe goe to the North wardes the longer is youre daye and the shorter is your night and towardes the Southward the shorter dayes and longer nightes Nowe contrarywise the Sunne hauing South declination the more to the Northwardes the shorter dayes and the longer nightes the further to the Southwards the longer days and shorter nights and vnder the Equinoctiall the nightes and dayes all one what declination soeuer the Sunne hath but this rule that I haue giuen you is for London or any other place that hath that Latitude or eleuation of the Pole Articke at .51 or .52 degrées ¶ The fifth Chapter or rule is of a table of declination commonly called of Seafaring men a Regiment of the Sunne exactly calculated for .4 yeres and wil serue for .24 yeres for euery day of the moneth NOw shall folowe a table of declination or Regiment for 4. yeres being calculated for England and will serue all Europe without much error or any other countrey or place that hath our Longitude as the most part of Affrica as Ginnie and those partes to the South wards as farre as the Antartick pole seruing for euery day of the moneth very necessarie for them that do vse to trauell either by sea or by land and is one of the principall pointes in Nauigation for long voyages and the cause why I haue written this Regiment for the Sea or tables of declination is for that I do knowe that euery person that goeth vnto the Sea as maister of a shippe hath not capacitie to calculate the Sunnes declination by the place of
hath sayled by as the heigth of the pole doth shew vnto you by the order before rehersed c. Furthermore as I haue declared vnto you in the .14 Chapter going before to knowe howe farre the land is off from you knowing as before the distaunce betwéene any 2. places by setting the land with your compas you may do the like by your card as thus you setting the .2 places with your compasse do know that the .2 places be so many leagues asunder then shall you repaire to the card and according to the bearing of the .2 places by the points of the compas you being thwart of one of these .2 places shall replie it with your compasses vnto your scale But for that in the scale the leagues be so small you may assigne .20 leagues to be but one league and open the compasses vnto that proportion that the .2 places be asunder and the one of them doth beare from the other that done open the compasses againe from the center of the compas vnto the place that you do imagin to be the land and then reply it vnto the trunk of measure you shall see howe many leagues you bee from the shore and so foorth So that you may see that the plat or card is one of the necessariest things that is to be vsed in Nauigation c. ¶ The .20 Chapiter is of the Longitude and declinatioÌ„ of .32 notable fixed Starres for Nauigation with tables of their shining and at what pointe of your compas they do both rise and set and also tables for euery moneth of the yeere declaring at what houre and minute they be South running from the first day of the moneth to the .15 and from the .15 to the last day and will continue these 100. yeares without muche error ANd furthermore I do thinke it conuenient for diuerse considerations to shew the Longitude and declination of certaine of the most notablest fixed Starres that are néere vnto the Equinoctiall to the number of .32 of them whiche are very necessary for Nauigation in diuers respectes as this if you be vnto the North parts where the North pole is raysed more than .50 or .60 degrees then the North Starre is too hye to be obserued or taken with the crosse staffe as I haue declared in the .6 Chapter and it may chaunce so that in the day the Sunne is not to be séene at noone and then these Starres may serue your turne And furthermore they be very good for them that haue occasion to trauell beyonde the Equinoctiall where the North pole is vnder the Horizon in vsing their declination as they do the Sunnes declination in all points whiche doth appeare in the .7.8 and .9 Chapters of this book And furthermore they be very necessary for Seafaring men to knowe the houre of the night both by their being vpon the Meridian and also by their rising and setting you may know the true time of their rising and setting in euery Latitude by their declination from the Equinoctiall whether they decline to the South partes or North parts as is declared by the declination of the Sun in the .11 chapter And furthermore by any of these Starres you may trie the variatioÌ„ of your compas by night c. Now shal folow the table of all these Stars The first row of this table conteineth the names of the Stars The seconde the signes that they be in Longitude The thirde the degrees in the signes The .4 the minutes belonging therevnto The .5 the degrees of declination The .6 the odde minuts belonging therevnto The .7 sheweth towardes what port they decline by letters of whiche S. signifieth Septentrionell or North declination M. signifieth Meridionall or south declination as in the table doth appeare The .8 doth shew nothing but the bignesse of the Starres Now followeth the Table A Table of the fixed Sarres The names of the Starres Signes Longit. degr mi. Declin deg mi. To what part they decline Bignesse of the stars Whales backe Aries 6. 6 12. 11 â–ª M second bignesse Whales belly Aries 16. 2 12. 20 M second bignesse Rammes horne Aries 27. 42 17. 19 S thirde bignesse Rammes head Taurus 1. 46 21. 16 S thirde bignesse â—uiles eye Gemini 3. 42 15. 42 S great Starres Orions left fote Gemini 10. 12 9. 14 M a great Starre Orions left shoulder Gemini 11. 26 4. 37 S a Starre of the First Orions girdle Gemini 16. 22 1. 19 M second light both Orions right shoulder Gemini 23. 6 6. 18 S a great Starre Great Dogge Cancer 8. 40 15. 30 M a very great star Lesser Dogge Cancer 20. 10 6. 4 S a great Starre Brightest in Hydra Leo. 21. 2 4. 47 M second bignesse Lyons necke Leo. 23. 16 21. 59 S second bignesse Lyons heart Leo. 23. 32 14. 3 S a great Starre Lyons backe Virgo 5. 16 22. 30 S second bignesse Lyons tayle Virgo 15. 32 16. 46 S a great Starre Rauens head Libra 5. 6 19. 53 M of the thirde bignesse Rauens wing Libra 9. 36 17. 8 M both those Virgins spike Libra 17. 42 4. 54 M a great Starre twixt Footes thighs Libra 18. 6 22. 9 S a great Starre South balance Scorpio 9. 2 13. 44 M second bignesse North balance Scorpio 13. 12 7. 33 M second bignesse Scorpions heart Sagittari 3. 42 24. 47 M second bignesse Hercules head Sagittari 8. 42 15. 20 S thirde bignesse Serpents head Sagittari 15. 52 14. 7 S thirde bignesse The Eagle Capricor 24. 51 7. 28 S second bignesse Dolphins tayle Aquari 8. 27 10. 1 S thirde bignesse Goates tayle Aquari 17. 22 14. 13 M thirde bignesse Water pourers leg Pisces 2. 20 15. 52 M thirde bignesse Pegasus shoulder Pisces 17. 41 13. 1 S second bignesse Pegasus legge Pisces 23. 10 26. 30 S second bignesse Whales tayle Pisces 26. 21 21. 47 M thirde bignesse The vse of this Table is this when you haue taken the heigth of any of these Starres vpon the Meridian then loke what declination the Starre hath from the Equinoctiall if the star haue North declination then subtract or take away the stars declination from the heigth if it haue South declition then adde or put vnto the heigth the starres declination and that will shewe vnto you the heigth of the Equinoctiall and then by the heigthe of the Equinoctiall the heigth of the Pole is knowne as the .7 Chapter doth declare And now I thinke it conuenient to make certaine Tables to shewe vnto you at what houre and time any of these starres be vpon the Meridian whereby they maye the better knowe these Starres I will also shewe vnto you howe long any of these Starres doe shyne or tarry aboue the Horizon in this Latitude from the Equinoctiall of London that is at .51 or 52. degrees And also at what poynte of the compasse any of these Starres do ryse or set which will serue this .100 years
men are very many times deceyued where it dothe flowe an East and West Moone or any poynt betwéene the Southeast and Northeast Bicause in setting the Moone with their compasse beeing in the North signes she séemeth to be East by the Compasse when she is neare the East Southeast in hir course and in like manner when the Moone seemeeth West by the compasse she shall be a little more than West Southwest in hir course which is a very perilous matter vnto them that should put into a tide harborowe or hauen where he knoweth there is water inough for him if that he dothe come at a full Sea and then by the error of the Moones shadowe of the compasse he is deceyued and when he findeth the error he thinketh that the cause thereof commeth by the occasion of some storme of wynde that is lyke to followe imputing vnto it that the tyde dothe not kéepe hys course whereas the very cause groweth by no other meanes but of receyuing a false shadowe by the Horizontall compasse and especially if the Moone be neare hir greatest declination vnto the North partes that is in the signe of Gemini and Cancer And also that effect is most preferred if the Dragons head be in the beginning of the signe of Aries for that then if the Moone be in the beginning of Cancer she shall haue .5 degrées more in declination from the Equinoctiall than the sunne shall haue at their greatest declination vnto the North partes so that reseruing the Moones Paralex which is according vnto the Latitude of any place that the Moone shal be declined .28 degrées and a halfe vnto the North part of the Equinoctiall so that for auoyding of these infirmities I woulde wishe them to vse the Equinoctiall dials And furthermore I do thinke that the Equinoctiall dials be not vsed amongst our Mariners héere in Englande for that the charges is so muche in the making of them yet it serueth no other turne but to know the houre of the day to shew the true shadowe of the Moone I haue not knowne theÌ„ vsed by any English Master or Pylot but only by one man which person had not it for the proper vse therof but rather had it to say that he had suche an instrument as no English man had the like to bragge that he had such an instrument that he could do great feates therewith in the going of long viages c. I would haue no man offended with me I know the nature and qualitie of some that take charge they will haue instruments other things thervnto apperteyning yet they theÌ„ selues do not know the vse of theÌ„ yet they will seeme to be cunning that they néede no instructioÌ„s of any man for that they know all things yet in respect know nothing But notwithstanding I would wish them that be Sea faring men to vse them selues to the Equinoctiall dials for that they doe serue two notable turnes as well at home in these our chanels as also in long viages they may make them with a very easie charge for whereas in the Arte of Nauigation it is shewed howe to make them in brasse they may make them with wood in this manner take a péece of bordes ende of sixe inches broad more or lesse at your discretion and halfe an inche in thicknesse then hauing cutte it rounde and playned it smoothe you maye eyther graue in it the .32 poyntes of the compasse or else paynt them vpon it with some colours with the .24 houres vpon bothe the sides as this figure sheweth The Equinoctiall Diall The vse of this Diall is moste necessarie in a shippe for that you haue occasions to transporte your selues into all the clymates And to know the true houre of the day doe this set this Diall by your compasse the Directer vnto the Southewardes and then you knowing how hie the pole is aboue the Horizon set the ende of the wyer right against that degrée in the directer and the other ende of the wier will poynt iuste vnto the pole then looke what shadowe the wyer doth giue by the Sunne that is the true houre of the daye In lyke manner you may know the true houre of the night by the Moones shadowe and also the Moone will giue a true shadowe of hir place c. ¶ The .22 Chapter treateth of the soundings commyng from any place out of the Occident Sea to seeke Vshant or the Lyzarde and so all alongst till you come to the coaste of Flaunders with other necessarie matters to be knowne to them that be Channellers that doth occupie or deale amongst sandes bankes or such other like BIcause it is necessarie to be had in memorie for that it is a dauÌ„gerous place to hitte or fall with to enter into the Sleue comming homewardes out of Spaine or Portugall or from Barbarie or any other place from the Southwards a shippe that commeth froÌ„ any such place to séeke the I le of Vshant or the Lizarde in this roote of sounding of a â—00 or .90 fadoms shall finde bigge soundings and shall be neare aboute to the seames In the roote of .80 fadoms you shal find cockle shelles and dentes in the talow of the leade in this sounding holde on your course to the North till you chaunge sounding then if you be at .60 or .64 fadom you shall finde small sand and Mathey grounde and shall be neare the coaste of Vshant If you haue time and day goe séeke it in the Northeast and you shall be aboute .10 leagues from the I le If you come making your course aboute Basefréede you shall finde course sande red and browne and you shall haue sounding at .40 fadom if you be towardes the banke of Silley you shall haue soundings at 86. or .90 fadom you shall finde in the tallow stonie ground and shall be well shotte towards the banke of Silley When you be at .80 fadome you shall finde small blacke sande and shall be well towardes the Lizarde When you be at .60 or 64. fadome you shall finde white sande white softe wormes and shall be verie nie to the Lizarde Betwéene the cape of Cornewall and Vshant amidde the channell you shall finde 70. fadome neare inough Betwéene Dodman the Forne in the channell you shall haue .40 or .50 fadome If you be thwarte of Plimmouth or the Starte you shal finde streamie ground dentes in the tallowe soundings .41 or .42 fadoms At the coÌ„ming from Portland you shall haue .35 fadoms and small shingels And when you be nie to Portland .30 fadoms stones like beanes this sounding will last till S. Aldam in the sayd soundings you shall find white stones like brokeÌ„ Aules other that be bigger then you shal be thwarte of S. Aldam or of the I le of Wight Two or 3. leagues froÌ„ the I le of Wight you shall finde .25 fadome with dentes
pointes containe .24 houres that is to say one point containeth .3 quarters of an hour .45 minutes and .2 pointes one houre and a halfe .4 pointes .3 houres 8. poyntes .6 houres .12 poyntes .9 houres .16 poyntes .12 houres and so to the rest of the poyntes And euery houre contayneth .60 minutes and euery halfe houre .30 minutes and euery quarter of an houre .15 minutes and after that rate .45 minutes maketh thrée quarters of an houre ¶ The second Chapter or rule treateth of the Golden number or Prime shewing the Epacte and by the Epacte to knowe the Age of the Moone IT is necessary and conuenient for the Seafaring men to knowe the Prime or Golden number for by the Golden number is knowne the Epacte and the Epacte sheweth the age of the Moone or chaunge day within .12 houres vnder or ouer and by the age of the Moone you may know at what a clocke it doth flowe in any place that you doe knowe what Moone doth make a full Sea therefore it is méete too know the Epacte and that is knowne by the Pryme or Golden number The cause why it was called the Golden number was bycause it was sent out of Egypte in letters of golde too the Romaines or Citie of Rome The cause why that it is called the Pryme was for that it was the first order that the Moones course was known by and it is thus knowne Adde one to the yeare of our Lord that you would knowe the Golden number or Pryme of then deuide the number by .19 the remainer is the Pryme and multiply that by .11 and looke what the number commeth vnto deuide that by .30 the remayner is the Epact Then when you haue once the Epact adde .11 to your Epact for euery yere more and looke what that commeth to that is your Epact and if it do passe .30 put that away and keepe the remainer for your Epact And thus this rule will serue for euer sauing when the Pryme beginneth at one for then the Epacte is .11 and then doe as aforesayde as you may perceyue by this table héere following ¶ The Table of Pryme and Epacte for .19 yeares and vvhen those .19 yeares be ended then beginne againe and so it will serue for euer c. The yere of the Lorde Pryme Epact 1574 17 7 1575 18 18 1576 19 29 1577 1 11 1578 2 22 1579 3 3 1580 4 14 1581 5 25 1582 6 6 1583 7 17 1584 8 28 1585 9 9 1586 10 20 1587 11 1 1588 12 12 1589 13 23 1590 14 4 1591 15 15 1592 16 26 THe Prime or Golden number is the time of .19 yeares in the which time the Moone maketh all hir chaunges or coniunctions with the Sunne and when all these .19 yeares be expired then she beginneth againe as for example This yeare being the yeare of our Lord .1574 she chaunged the .22 day of March and euery yere doth alter .11 days of hir change till the yere .1593 and then she chaungeth the sayd .22 daye of March againe as I shewed you before The Epacte is the putting to .11 for euery yeare Nowe furthermore to knowe the age of the Moone do thus take the number of the Epact for your yere beginning at March alwayes and recken how many monthes it is from March counting March for one then recken howe many dayes of the moneth it is in whiche you would knowe the age of the Moone Then put all your numbers togither that is to say your Epacte your moneth from March and euery day of the moneth then looke howe many it amounteth vnto that is the age of the Moone but if it passe .30 throwe all the .30 away and kéepe that that will not be .30 for when the age of the Moone is iust .30 then is it the chaunge daye and if it be the fiftéenth daye of the age of the Moone then the Moone is at the full When the age is betwéene seuen dayes and eight then is the first quarter And if it be .xxij. dayes olde then the Moone is at the laste quarter as for example this yeare .1574 I looke and finde the Epacte .7 for the yeare nowe I woulde knowe the age of the Moone the .13 daye of Iune Nowe I recken how many monthes it is from March reckning March for one and I finde it is foure monethes then I take and adde all these togyther that is to say seuen for the Epacte and foure for the monethes that is to say March Aprill May Iune and then .13 for the dayes of the moneth and all commeth to .24 So that you may conclude that the Moone is .24 days olde and was at the last quarter two dayes before ¶ The thirde Chapter or rule treateth hovv to knovv by the age of the Moone what houre it dothe flowe or is full Sea at any place where you doe knowe what Moone maketh a full Sea. NOwe by the age of the Moone you may knowe at what houre it floweth in any place where you do know what Moone maketh a full Sea whiche rule commonly the Sea men cal the shifting their Sunne and Moone and many wayes there be too doe it for thus they may doe it Let them deuide one houre into .5 parts and thē take .4 of those parts and put the fifth part away that serueth for the alteration of 24. houres the foure fift parts of an houre are .48 minuts and the .5 part of an houre is .12 minuts A floud and an ebbe dothe alter .24 minuts forwards as this for example it floweth at .12 of the clocke at the Lands end vpon the chaunge day the Moone being in the South at all times a full Sea ▪ The Moone being one day old it floweth at .12 of the clocke 48. minuts .2 dayes olde it floweth at one of the clock .36 minuts .3 days old it floweth at .2 of the clock .24 minuts four dayes old it floweth at .3 of the clocke .12 minuts fiue dayes old it floweth at .4 of the clocke iust Sixe dayes old it floweth at .4 of the clocke .48 minuts Seuen dayes old at .5 of the clocke .36 minuts Eight dayes old at .6 of the clocke .24 ▪ minuts Nine dayes old at .7 of the clocke .12 minuts Ten dayes old it floweth at .8 of the clocke iust Eleuen dayes old at .8 of the clocke .48 minuts 12. dayes .9 of the clocke .36 minuts 13. dayes old .10 of the clocke .24 minuts 14. days old it floweth at .11 of the clocke .12 minuts 15. dayes old it floweth at .12 of the clock iust then being the full Moone and so begin againe as you did before at one day old and so foorth For the course of the tides is nothing else but to adde for euery day◠of the age of the Moone one houre pulling backe the fifth par◠of an houre being .12 minuts and by this accompt you maye at all times knowe at what a clocke
it doth flowe by putting to euery floudde and ebbe .24 minuts and to .2 flouds and .2 ebbes putting to .48 minuts Now furthermore the Seamen vse to make their accompt by this meanes but it is all one they do allow for euery day of the age of the Moone one point and .3 minuts for a point of the compasse conteineth 45. minuts that is .3 quarters of an houre Then they put .3 minuts to .45 minuts which maketh .48 minuts the sayd .3 minuts be the .15 part of a point and from the chaunge to the full is .15 days so that the halfe compasse being .16 pointes they breake the odde point into .15 partes and that commeth to .3 minuts so that the alteration of the tides for euery .24 houres be .48 minuts or the .4 fifth parts of an houre Wherfore there shall follow a table of tides about certain places of this realme for euery Moone conteineth .29 dayes .12 hours .44 minutes from chaunge to chaunge the whole contents of the houres of the Moone be .708 houres and .44 minuts And there is in euery yeare .12 changes of the Moone and the yeare conteineth .365 days .5 houres .55 minuts .13 seconds Yet some do affirme to be adde .6 houres but there lacketh .4 minuts .47 seconds in the tropicall yeare Likewise in the yeare be .12 moneths agreable to the .12 Moones the 12. Moones conteine but .354 dayes so that there be .11 dais more in the yeare than there be in the .12 moones The yeare also is deuided into .12 moneths which mooneths haue taken their names at the will and pleasure of menne as first Ianuary was so called of Ianus bycause of .2 heades for the month of Ianuary beholdeth the end of the yeare past and the beginning of the yeare to come February tooke his name of certaine romaine sacrifices called Februa March is so called of Mars for Romulus so named it after his father Aprill cōmes of Aperio bycause that then the earth is opened Maye of Maia the mother of Mercury Iune so called by preparing to the warre Iuly of Iulius Cesar and Augustus of Augustus Cesar for in that month he entred the cōsulship then the rest of the months toke their names of their numbre frō march Now these .12 months which maketh the yeare the Sunne dothe passe or go through the Zodiack called the .12 signes which is the occasion of the yeare for this is to be noted that the sunne as I saide before doth go by his naturall mouing in .365 days .5 houres .55 minuts .13 seconds through the Zodiack conteining .360 degrées his course being againste the 24. houres going from the Weast into the East against the course of primum mobile or first mouer being moued by the mighty prouidence of God which maketh the .24 houres and so dothe all the seuen lights or planets except that it be in their retrogratiō but the Sunne and the Moone be neuer retrograt as the other .5 planets or lights be And this is to be noted that the Moone goeth faster thā the Sunne for she goeth through the whole Zodiack in .27 dayes and .8 houres Now in that same time the sunne is remoued by his natural mouing from that place of the Zodiack neare .27 degrees and then bycause that the Moone hath not found the Sunne ther it is .2 dayes foure houres foure and forty minuts more before that the Moone ouertaketh the Sunne againe so by that meanes it is .29 dayes twelue houres and .44 minuts betwéene the chaunge of the Moone and the next chaunge one Moone with an other thorowe the yeare although that the Moone may chaunge sometime in lesse time and sometime in longer time that is by the meanes of the .3 motions of the Moone that is to say hir swift motion and hir midle motion and hir slow motion whiche groweth by the meanes of the moones Auge or opposition thereof The Moone being in Auge goeth but little more than .12 degrees in .24 hours And in the opposition of Auge néere .15 degrees in .24 hours and in hir middle or equall motion .13 degrées .12 minuts So this is the occasion why sometime the Moone may chaunge sooner or be detracted longer than the time of .29 dayes .12 houres and 44. minutes This point of Auge is mouable and doth passe thorough the Zodiack in the time of .19 yeare and it causeth sometime the full of the Moone to happen sooner and later In like manner also the quarters of the Moone with al the other aspects that the Moone hath with the Sunne or any other of the planets according to the moones motion In like maner by the meanes of the .3 motions of the Moone sometime the Moone goeth more thā one point and .3 minuts in .24 hours and sometimes lesse than one point and .3 minuts as this for example the Moone being in hir slow motiō goeth but little more than .12 degrées in .24 hours and then the Sunne in that time doth go one degree and then is there but .11 degrees betwéene the Sunne and the Moone that is but .44 minuts So that the Moone is not one point in .24 houres from the sunne But being in hir swift motion she goeth néere .15 degrees in .24 houres and the Sunne goeth one degree in that time so that there is .14 degrees in .24 houres betwéene the Moone and the Sunne that is .56 minuts which is a pointe and .11 minuts .23 But notwithstāding I would not wish the common Marriners to trouble themselues with these matters but to followe their accustomed order to allowe for euery day of the age of the Moone one pointe and .3 minuts c. And thus muche haue I said of the Moones motion for that some Sea men will take vpon them to correct the Almanacks as touching the chaunge and quarters of the Moone holding this opinion that euery Moone ought to be equal in the number of the dayes and houres and the full moones to be iust the halfe contents And the quarters in like manner the iust .4 parte in days and hours so that some of them will take vpon them to tel by the rule of the epact the true houre of the change quarters and full of the Moone Wherein they are notably deceiued Againe sometime in the yeare you shall sée the Moone rarer thā at some other time as this for example from Ianuary to Iune you shall sée the Moone within .24 houres after the chaunge bycause she hath North declination of the Sunne and maketh a bigger arche thā the Sunne From Iuly to December you shall not sée the Moone .3 dayes after the change bicause hir declination is to the South part of the Sunne but you may see hir in .24 houres before hir chaunge Now the Sea men do imagin a prime day which is the halfe quarter of the Moone that is when the Moone is thre days and .8 houres old the Moone
being then .4 points to the Eastward of the Sunne whiche is 3. houres the same rule may they in like case obserue when the Moone is paste the full .3 days and .18 houres and also in the middes of the quarters Here followeth a table of Tides FIrst the Moone South or North on Landes ende full Sea. The Moone South and by East at the Gore ende full Sea. The Moone South southwest betwéene holy Iland and Tinemouth full Sea. It floweth betwéene Tinemouth and Flambrough head Southwest and Northeast Moone It floweth betwéene Flambrough head and Bridlington in the bay a South west and by West Moone The Moone in the West Southwest betwéene Bridlington and Laurenas full Sea. It floweth betwéene Laurenas and Cromer all along the well an East and West Moone It floweth betwéene Cromer and Yarmouth rode to Laystow North rode a Southeast Moone It floweth betwéene Laistowe rode and Orfordenas a Southeast and by South Moone It floweth betweene Orford and Orewel wands a South Southeast Moone It floweth betwéene the Nas the Ware head of Colne a South and by East Moone It floweth at the Spittes and at the Sheue and al alongst the Swinne a South Moone At the West end of the Norre a Southe and by West Moone full Sea. It floweth at Grauesend a South Southwest Moone It floweth at London Bridge a Southwest Moone It floweth at the North forlande a South Southeast Moone so alongst the coast till you come to Bechy And in the ofton from the North forland to the South forland it runneth halfe tide And frō the South forland to the Nas the tide runneth halfe tyde halfe quarter And from the Nas to the Fairely it runneth halfe tide and from Fairely to Beche it runneth quarter tide vnder other It floweth to the Weastward of Beche a kenning a Southeast and by South Moone It floweth at Portesmouth a Southe and by East Moone It floweth at S. Elens a South Southeast Moone It floweth on the Sea side of the Iland a Southeast and by South Moone and so on the Lande and at the Needles and runneth quarter tide in the oftonne It floweth at Poole in the hauen a Southeast Moone It floweth at Waymouth an East and West Moone It floweth at Portland a Southeast Moone It floweth from the Weaste parte of Portlande till you come vntoo Plymmouth an East and Weast Moone It floweth on the shoare from Plymmouth to the Lizard a West and by Southe Moone And in the oftonne a Southeast Moone It floweth at Mountes baye an East and Weaste Moone It floweth at Selly a West and by South Moone It floweth at the Landes ende of Goolfe a West Southwest Moone It floweth all alongst the coast vp to Bristowe and the coast of Ireland from Waterford to Kinsale a West and by South Moone Furthermore it floweth for the most part from the poll head of Burdeaux all alongst the coast of Biskey Galiza Portingale till you come to the straightes of Maliga a Southwest and Northeast Moone It floweth at Flushing a Southweast and by Southe Moone It floweth at Anwerp an East and west Moone It floweth all alongest the coast of Flaunders from the Wyldings to Calys a Southe and by East Moone and so runneth halfe a tide vnder the other Nowe heere is one speciall thyng too bée noted and that is thys it floweth one poynte of the compasse more in the Spring streames than it doothe in any of the quarters of the Moone so that it be a riuer where there is any indrafte hauing distaunce from the Sea when there is neyther rage of wyndes nor anye cause eyther too hinder or further the sayde effect As for example thus it floweth at Grauesend at the chaunge of the Moone or full a Southe Southwest Moone But in any of the quarters of the Moone it skante floweth a Southe and by West Moone and this is generally for euer The fourth Chapter treateth of the Sunne moones course in the Zodiack and hovv you shall knovv vvhat houres the Moone shall rise and set at and at what poynte of the compasse vvyth other necessarye thynges FVrthermore the Sunne by hys naturall moouing thoroughe the twelue Signes in the Zodiack in the yeare dothe cause the heigth and lowenesse of his declination whiche is necessarie for the Seafaring men to knowe in whiche declination they do take from equinoctiall to equinoctiall and this is to be noted that as the Sunne hathe declination so in like manner hathe the Moone for by hir declination and the Sunne is knowen the tyme of hir shyning or abiding aboue our horizon The Sunne or Moone in the firste minute of Aries do rise East and set West and shyne .12 houres In the first minute of Taurus they rise néere the Easte Northeast and set néere the West Northwest and shyne .14 houres In the signe of Gemini they rise neere the Northeast and by East and they set néere the Northwest and by West and shyne .16 houres In the signe of Cancer the firste minute they make their greatest declination to the Northwards and they rise neer the Northeast and set neere the Northweast and shyne néere .17 houres In the fyrste minute of Leo discending towardes the equinoctiall as they dyd in Gemini And in the signe of Virgo as they dyd in Taurus And in the firste minute of Libra equinoctiall beginning South declination as in Aries And in the fyrste minute of Scorpio they rise néere the Easte Southeast and sette néere the Weast Southweast and shyne .10 houres In the fyrste minute of Sagittarius they rise neere the Southeast and by East and set néere the Southwest and by weast and shyne .8 houres In the fyrste minute of Capricornus they haue their greatest declinatiō to the South and begin to returne to the equinoctiall rising neere the Southeast and setting néere the Southwest and shyne more than .7 houres In the firste minute of Aquarius as in Sagittarius In the firste minuts of Pisces as in Scorpio Nowe by this rule you may knowe the rising and setting of the Moone for euer as thus I haue shewed you before in the shifting of the Sunne and Moone that for euery day of the age of the Moone the Moone goeth Eastward one point .3 minuts in .2 days .2 points and .6 minuts c. Nowe when you list to knowe the very houre and time of hir rising Looke howe many dayes the Moone is olde then put so many points and so many .3 minutes and looke what it amounteth vnto Which for your better vnderstanding I will shew by example and first of the Moones being South by euery day of the age of the Moone The Moone being one daye olde is South at .12 of the clocke .48 minutes The Moone being .2 dayes olde is South at one of the clocke .36 minuts in the after noone Three days old South at 2. of the clock .24 minuts .4 days olde at .3 of the clock .12
degrées .56 miles belongeth to one degrée of Lōgitude Now the poles being raysed .29 degrées .52 miles do answer to one degrée The poles being raised .36 degrées .48 miles do answer to one degrée The pooles .42 degrées raysed .44 miles goeth to one degrée of Longitude The Pole raised .57 degrees .32 miles to one degrée The Pole raised .62 degrées .28 miles to one degrée The Pole raised .66 degrées .24 miles to one degrée The Pole raysed .70 degrées .20 miles to one degrée The Pole raysed .74 degrées .16 miles to one degrée The Pole raysed .78 degrées .12 miles to one degrée The Pole raysed .82 degrées .8 miles to one degrée The Pole raysed .86 degrées .4 miles to one degrée The Pole being raysed to the hyest at .90 degrées being then your Zenith there all the Meridians méete A demonstration to knowe howe many miles will answere vnto a degree in Longitude in euery seueral latitude betwene the equinoctial and any of the two Poles This demōstration doth shewe you howe manye myles wyll aunswer to a degree for euery seueral Altitude of the Pole in the halfe circle is marked the eleuation of the Pole in the lyne of Diameter or right line is marked the miles answering euerye degrée and to know howe many miles wil aunswer vnto one degrée first lay the thréed vnto the eleuation of the pole that you do require the number of myles vnto one degree then the iust length of the threde being marked lay the threde vnto the line of Diameter or right line whiche is the line of miles and then you shall see at that place is the number of miles vnto one degrée c. Now you must consider that euery houre of time in the chaunging of the Moone or of the Eclipses you must allow .15 degrees euery degree in miles as you do sée in your Latitude of the countrie as thus those places that be to the Westwards of your towne place or countrie by .15 degrées the Moone shall chaunge rather with them thā with you by one houre bycause that they shall touch your Meridian before theirs by one houre And if the towne or place be to the Eastwards of you by .15 degrées then shall the Moone chaunge rather with you than with them by one houre as for an ensample thus with vs at London the .xx. day of May 1574. the Moone shall chaunge at .12 of the clocke at Noone .5 minutes Now to the Westwards as farre as Lishburne in Portingall the Moone shall chaunge that same day at .11 of the clocke .8 minutes the Longitude being thereof from the Canarie Ilands .5 degrées .36 minutes Now to the Eastwards that same day at noone the Moone shall chaunge at one of the clocke .12 minutes bicause that they haue Longitude .36 degrées .40 minutes from the Cannary Ilands and then by this accompt .7 degrées and a halfe will aunswer to halfe an houre and then .3 degrées and a quarter will make a quarter of an houre and then .9 miles and a quarter will make one minute of time with vs at London in our Latitude so by this rule you may knowe at what time and minute the Eclipses or chaunges of the Moone doe happen knowing for what place your Almanacke was made for commonly we heere in England do make them for the cittie of London Thus muche haue I saide as touching the true time of the chaunge of the Moone for that some people as I haue sayde before in the .3 chapter do contemne and saye why do they not giue or make rules for euer to knowe the houre and minute of the chaunge full and quarters of the Moone And yet they be vtterly voyde of any knowledge in the Mathematicall Science whereby they might knowe the true time of the chaunge of the Moone For it is a question Astronomicall to know the Moones motion a question Geometricall to know the true time of the aspectes or measure betwéene the Sunne and the Moone and thirdly it is a question Cosmographicall to knowe the true Longitude of the place he is in at the time when the Moone chaungeth c. Nowe foloweth the next rule whiche shall treate of Longitude and Latitude ¶ The .17 Chapter or rule treateth of the Longitude and Latitude of certaine of the most notable places in Englande and also howe long the Moone doth change at the one towne before the other with the diuersitie of the longest day in Sommer from South Hampton to the Northermost parte in Scotland NOwe in this rule foloweth the Longitude and Latitude of the most part of the principall places in England The Southermost place in England is the Lizarde in Cornwal the Longitude thereof is .15 degrées .5 minutes the Latitude 50. degrees .45 minutes S. Michaels Mount hath in Longitude .14 degrees .20 minutes in Latitude .51 degrees .6 minutes Falmouth hath Longitude .15 degrees .12 minutes Latitude .51 degrees .0 minuts Plimmouth hath Longitude 19. degrees .7 minutes Latitude .51 degrées .1 minute South Hāpton Longit. 18. degr 52. minuts Latitude .51 degr 2. mi. Portsmouth Longitude .19 degrees .7 minutes Latitude .51 degrées .3 minutes Rye Longitude .20 degrées .22 minutes Latitude .51 degrees .5 minutes Douer Longitude .21 degr 40. minutes Latitude .51 degrées .26 minutes Canterburie Longitude .21 degrées .25 minutes Latitude .51 degr 28. mi· Sandwich Longitude .21 degr 38. minuts Latitude .51 degr 29. minutes London Longitude .15 degr 54. minutes Latitude .51 degr 32. minuts Grauesend Longitude .20 degr 14. minuts Latitude .51 degr 31. minuts Bristowe Longitude 17. degr 8. minutes Latitude .51 degr 42. minuts Haruarde Longitude .17 degr 0. minutes Latitude .52 degr 2. minuts S. Dauids head Longitude .15 degr 5. minuts Latitude .52 degr 15. minuts Oxford Longitude .18 degr 59. minut Latitude .51 degr 50. minuts Cambridge Longitude .20 degr 6 minuts Latitude .52 degr 0. minuts Norwich Longitude 21. degr 20. minuts Latitude .52 degr 10. minuts Lincolne Longitude .20 degr 28. minuts Latitude .52 degr 6. minuts Weshpoole Longitude .16 degr 40. minutes Latitude .53 degr 6. minuts Westchester Longitude .15 degr 29. minuts Latitude .53 degr 34. minuts Hull Longitude .20 degr 54. minuts Latitude .53 degr 57. minuts Yorke Longitude .20 degr 0. minuts Latitude .54 degr 1. minute Cockermouth Longitude .17 degr 0. minuts Latitude .55 degr 8. minuts Carlyle Longitude .17 degr 48. minuts Latitude .55 degr 2. minuts Newcastle Longitude .20 degr 31. minuts Latitude .55 degr 0. minuts Barwicke Longitude .20 degr 48. minuts Latitude .56 degr 23. minuts Edenborow in Scotlande Longitude .19 degr 50. minuts Latitude .57 degr 0. minuts Now by the Longitude Latitude you may know the length of the day both in Sommer and in Winter with the perfit houre and minute of the changes of the Moone and how long the Moone doth change at one town before another through the whole realme of England And now in order as I haue begon before I will
lande dothe rise vpon euery side and what greater inconuenience may there growe by any meanes than there may by mistaking of a place for it were twentie times better to be throughly persuaded that he knoweth it not than to thinke he doth knowe it not being that place For whereas he doth thinke to preuent the dangers he may willingly runne vpon the dangers not known of him Therefore in my opinion they can do no better than to furnish their vacant places in their plats and cards with this matter for there can be nothing better The vse of the Sea cardes is most necessary for Nauigation for long voyages fyrste for that it sheweth you howe one place beareth from another secondly the distance of any places howe farre the one is from the other Of whiche the one is represented by the lines of the compasse the other by the scale or trunke of measure if the platte be truely made Thirdly it sheweth you in what Latitude from the Equinoctiall or Altitude of the pole any place is in by the line of degrées Now to directe youre course through the Sea by the carde to any place assigned you must first looke by what poynte of the cōpasse it beareth from you from the place you meane to sette off from the lande vnto the place you would fyrst fall with Which you shall know thus seeke alyne from the next compasse vnto the place you meane to depart frō then open your compasses vnto one of those lynes by your iudgement that falleth neare vnto your place assigned and let the other foote of your compasses stande iust at that place where your ship is when you direct your course that doone beare your hands forwardes euen and let the one ende be still vpon the lyne to the whiche you did open your compasses vntill you come to your place assigned But if it falleth short of the place assigned then take the nexte line nearer vnto the place you departed from when you haue so done if your compasses doe ouer reache the place assigned then take a lyne further off from the place you doe meane to set off from and so shall you sée by what poynte of the compasse the place assigned dothe beare from you c. If you would knowe howe farre the place assigned is from you set the one foote of the compasses vpon the place you departe from and stretche out the other foote vnto the place assigned iuste that doone standing still vnremoued sette them to the scale or trunke of measure and that wil shew you iustly how many leagues it is iust frō the place of your departing vnto the place assigned If the distance between the .2 places be more than the compasses will reach at once then first set your compasses vnto the scale opening the compasses vnto .100 leagues more or lesse as your scale and cōpasses will giue you leaue at your discretion after that set the one foot at the place of your departing the other foot of the cōpasses right towards the place assigned as oftē times as the distance between the .2 places doth require thereof the cōpasses being opened vnto .100 leagues you may cōclude it to be so many .100 leag vnto the place assigned as the cōpasses did shew vnto you but if ther be any od mesure thē opē your cōpasses to the quātity set to thē the scale it wil shaw you the iust contente of that measure more than so many .100 leagues c. Furthermore touching the third commoditie which is to knowe what Latitude any place assigned hath set one foote of the compasses vpon the place assigned and open the compasses vnto the nexte Easte and Weast line then carie that vnto the line of degrées kéeping the foote of the compasses vpon the Easte and Weast lyne it will shewe iustly the number of degrées that the Pole is aboue the Horizon So of these thrée wayes by the first is knowne by what poynt of the compasse any place beareth from you By the seconde is knowne howe farre distance it is vnto any place assigned And by the thirde is knowne in what heigth the Pole is in any place assigned c. Nowe this being knowne you maye with the more ease know howe to attaine to come vnto the port or place assigned Yet furthermore there is to be considered in directing the course of a ship to any place assigned what impediments may be by the way as tydes currents or the scantnesse of the wynde whiche may put the ship vnto the léewardes of his course as also the surging of the Sea And all this muste be considered by the maister and Pilot of the ship Likewise also in long voyages the winde may oftē shifte vpon him and sometime the winde may be such as he can not lye his course wherefore he must kéepe a perfite account of the ships way and consider to know what point the ship hath made hir way good by And at euery time that the wynde doth shifte and the ship can not lye hir course to note in the carde or plat in what place the ship may be in hauing a speciall regarde vnto the way of the ship as touching the swiftnesse or slownesse that the shippe goeth and if so be the weather be cleare either by night or by day to take the true Altitude of the Pole for by that they may correcte the ships way and giue a very neare gesse howe the place assigned to go vnto doth bear from them as also how farre it is thither sauing onely in the Easte and Weast course and then they haue no other helpe but only the very account of the shippes way And to correct their deade reckning by the altitude of the Pole they must do this especially if the shippe haue had often trauerse by the means of contrary winds so that she could not lie hir course consider vpon the carde or plat how long the ship hath made hir way good for so many points as the ship hath sayld by then if by the altitude of the Pole the shippe hathe gone more than the dead reckning did shewe you repaire vnto the line of degrées and set the one foote of the compasses vpon the degrée and place of the heigth of the Pole and the other vpon the next east and west lyne that done bear it vnto the place you suppose the shippe to be in thē bring forwards with the other compasses what point of the Compas the shippe hath sayled by and at the meeting of the .2 paire of compasses make a note for the place that the shippe is in from which place you may with your compasses see how the place assigned dothe beare and also how farre off you be from the same Furthermore if you find by the heigth of the Pole that you are not so farre shot as your reckning did shewe vnto you you must pull backe so much from the point that the shippe
DA 23 7.54 DA 23 6.54 DA 23 5.54 DA 23 4.54 DA 23 3.54 DA 23 2.54 DA 23 1.54 DA 23 12.54 DA 23 11.54 MD 23 10.54 MD 23 9.54 MD 24 Hercules head 9.14 MD 24 8.14 MD 24 7.14 MD 24 6.14 M 24 5.14 M 24 4 14 M 24 3.14 M 24 2.14 M 24 1.14 M 24 12.14 M 24 11.14 E 24 10.14 E 24 9.14 E 24 8.14 E 24 7.14 DA 24 6.14 DA 24 5.14 DA 24 4.14 DA 24 3.14 DA 24 2.14 DA 24 1.14 DA 24 12.14 DA 24 11.14 MD 24 10.14 MD 25 Serpents head 9.41 MD 25 8.41 MD 25 7 41 MD 25 6.41 M 25 5.41 M 25 4.41 M 25 3 41 M 25 2.41 M 25 1.41 M 25 12.41 M 25 11.41 E 25 10.41 E 25 9.41 E 25 8.41 E 25 7.41 DA 25 6.41 DA 25 5.41 DA 25 4.41 DA 25 3 41 DA 25 2.41 DA 25 1 41 DA 25 12.41 DA 25 11.41 MD 25 10.41 MD 26 The Eagle 12.19 DA 26 11.19 MD 26 10 19 MD 26 9.19 MD 26 8.19 MD 26 7.19 MD 26 6.19 MD 26 5.19 MD 26 4.19 M 26 3.19 M 26 2.19 M 26 1.19 M 26 12.19 M 26 11.19 E 26 10.19 E 26 9.19 E 26 8.19 E 26 7 19 E 26 6.19 E 26 5.19 DA 26 4.19 DA 26 3.19 DA 26 2.19 DA 26 1.19 DA 27 Dolphins tayle 1.12 DA 27 12.12 DA 27 11 12 MD 27 10.12 MD 27 9.12 MD 27 8.12 MD 27 7.12 MD 27 6.12 MD 27 5.12 MD 27 4.12 MD 27 3.12 M 27 2.12 M 27 1.12 M 27 12.12 M 27 11.12 E 27 10.12 E 27 9.12 E 27 8.12 E 27 7.12 E â—7 6 12 E 27 5.12 E 27 4.12 E 27 3.12 DA 27 2.12 DA 28 Goates tayle 1.48 DA 28 12.48 DA 28 11.48 MD 28 10.48 MD 28 9.48 MD 28 8.48 MD 28 7.48 MD 28 6.48 MD 28 5.48 MD 28 4.48 MD 28 3.48 M 28 2.48 M 28 1.48 M 28 12.48 M 28 11.48 E 28 10.48 E 28 9.48 E 28 8.48 E 28 7.48 E 28 6.48 E 28 5.48 E 28 4.48 E 28 3.48 DA 28 2.48 DA 29 Water pourers leg 2.48 DA 29 1.48 DA 29 12.48 DA 29 11.48 MD 29 10.48 MD 29 9.48 MD 29 8.48 MD 29 7.48 MD 29 6 48 MD 29 5.48 MD 29 4.48 MD 29 3.48 M 29 2.48 M 29 1.48 M 29 12.48 M 29 11.48 E 29 10.48 E 29 9.48 E 29 8.48 E 29 7.48 E 29 6.48 E 29 5.48 E 29 4.48 E 29 3.48 DA 30 Pegasus shoulder 3.47 DA 30 2 47 DA 30 1 47 DA 30 12.47 DA 30 11.47 MD 30 10.47 MD 30 9.47 MD 30 8.47 MD 30 7.47 MD 30 6.47 MD 30 5.47 MD 30 4.47 MD 30 3.47 M 30 2.47 M 30 1.47 M 30 12.47 M 30 11.47 E 30 10.47 E 30 9.47 E 3â— 8.47 E 30 7.47 E 30 6.47 E 30 5.47 E 30 4 47 E 31 Pegasus legge 4.12 DA 31 3 12 DA 31 2.12 DA 31 1.12 DA 31 12.12 DA 31 11.12 MD 31 10.12 MD 31 9.12 MD 31 8.12 MD 31 7.12 MD 31 6.12 MD 31 5.12 MD 31 4.12 MD 31 3.12 M 31 2.12 M 31 1.12 M 31 12.12 M 31 11.12 E 31 10.12 E 31 9.12 E 31 8.12 E 31 7.12 E 31 6.12 E 31 5.12 E 32 Whales tayle 4.24 DA 32 3.24 DA 32 2.24 DA 32 1.24 DA 32 12.24 DA 32 11.24 D M 32 10 24 MD 32 9.24 MD 32 8.24 MD 32 7.24 MD 32 6.24 MD 32 5.24 MD 32 4.24 MD 32 3.24 M 32 2.24 M 32 1.24 M 32 12.24 M 32 11.24 E 32 10.24 E 32 9.24 E 32 8.24 E 22 7.24 E 32 6.24 E 32 5.24 E NOw this table serueth for euery monthe in the yere béeing exactly calculated the time of their béeing South or touching your MeridiaÌ„ or as some terme it Noonestead seruing very well the Seamen to take the heigth of them with their instruments vpon the Sea referring it vnto the table of declination that goeth before the first is the houres the secoÌ„d the minutes the thirde be the letters that shewe you whether they be South by day or by night in the euening or morning in the forenoone or after noone of which the letter E doth signifie Euening the letter M. signifieth Morning the letters DM signifieth day in the Morning and the letters DA. signifieth day in the after noone as I sayde before the very houre and minute of their beeing South Nowe you sée that I haue put to their beeing South in the day as well as in the nighte to the intent to knowe the houre of the night as well by their setting as also by your compasse which I shewed you in the first chapter or rule namely to bring your .32 poyntes into 24. houres and in like maner in the fourth chapter by shining of the Moone to diuide the shining into two equall partes then those parts béeing equally deuided with the houre minutes and the time before their béeing South put togither the halfe that shineth and that sheweth the iust rising of those starres and the other time of their shining after their béeing South sheweth their setting as I declared in the rule of the shining of the Moone Nowe you séeing the table runneth from the first day of euery monthe to the .15 and from the .15 to the last daye muste consider if you will knowe the exacte time betwixte the first day the .15 day or betwixt the .15 day and the last to do this looke how many dayes of the monthe is passe eyther from the first day or .15 day and pull foure minutes from that number for so many days as is past for euery day that shall shew you the true time of their beeing South That knowne you shall doe as is aforesayde for their rising and setting ¶ The .21 Chapter sheweth you the making of a generall instrument to know the houre of the day by throughout all the worlde NOwe for the making of your instruments for the Sea with their vses you shall repayre to the booke of Nauigation made by Martin Curtise a Spaniarde Imprinted by M. Iugge Printer to the Quéenes Maiestie else I woulde haue shewed you the making of diuers instruments as also the making of the equinoctiall diall with his vse whiche is very profitable to knowe the houre of the day by in all latitudes through the whole worlde for your compasse is not to knowe the houre of the day by in Sommer neyther in the Morning nor Euening neyther can you knowe when the Moone is east or West she hauing North declination as béeing in the signe of Taurus Gemini Cancer or Leo bicause your compasse standeth flatte as dothe your Horizon Wherfore it is very good for Sea menne to vse the Equinoctiall dials for that it sheweth them the true houre of the day in all Latitudes and also the Moone dothe giue a true shadowe in that Diall in all Latitudes for I doe knowe that Sea
I do find the Sunne iust .20 degrées aboue the horizon again then I set the Sun with the compas and do find the Sun to be at .20 degrées in heigth west Southwest so that I see the compas to be varied one point that is to say the North point doth stand North by East c. Another way also to know the true meridian is by the Sun that is to set the Sun with the cōpas at hir greatest heigth aboue the horizon so you shall know whither that cōpas be varied how much looke what is spokē of the Sun by day you may do the like by night by any of the Starres that you perfectly do know doing as you do by the Sun in all points but you cannot do it so well and truly by the Moone by the meanes of the swiftnesse of the moones motiō in the Zodiack you may also find the variatiō of the cōpas by the North Starre as thus set the North Star with the compas if the North point do stande right with the Starre then it is not varied but if it dothe not stande ryghte wyth the Starre then it is varied and that must be done when the .2 Starres of Charles Waine called the pointes be right vnder or right ouer the North Star but if that the Starres be West from the North Starre then the North Starre is the third part of a point vnto the Eastward of the North pole If the .2 Starres of Charles Wayne called the poynters be due east from the North Starre then the North Starre is the third part of a point vnto the westwarde of the North pole c This haue I saide bycause that sometime in sundry places the compasse doth varie especially in the sayling of long viages running East and West called the Northeasting or Northwesting of the compasse therefore I would not wish them to meddle with the mending of their compasse or whetting of the side of the néedell to the end to make it to stand due North but circumspectly to awaite the altering of the compasse and what quantitie it doth alter as you may do very well by the order before rehersed and then let your compasse alone for although that it dothe varie .2 or .3 poynts you may make account according to the variation as thus I admit the Northwest point standeth due North and my course is to go due West I will occupy the Southwest pointe in this case for the west poynte And thus by obseruation and trying of my compasse I care not what point standeth due North for it is all one so that you consider what poynt standeth North. And now furthermore some are of that opinion that by the Northeasting or Northwesting of the compasse you may knowe the Longitude but I am not of that opinion for I admit that it be so as some do affirme that the compasse doth varie as some haue said that is that you being .90 degrées vnto the Westwarde from the place youre compasse was made at youre North poynt should stand Northeast and in like maner you being .90 degrees East your North poynt should stand Norwest then by that order the compasse should vary one poynt at .22 degrées and a halfe and that commeth vnto .450 english leagues if you be néere vnto the equinoctial wherefore no master or pilotte of a shippe doth kéepe so simple account of the shippes way but that he may knowe what distaunce he hath vnto any place better than he shal know by the variing of the compas also whether it be so or not that the cōpas doth keepe any such proportion in the variatiō I do refer that vnto them that haue tried the experience therof for I for my part can say nothing in that matter Wherfore I cease from writing muche thereof althoughe the Sea men be very desirous to haue some way to get the Longitude But if it be true that the compasse doth varie by that proportion then it were very good for them to practise that matter that shoulde make any discouery vnto the Northwardes for that the degrees be so short in those Paralels The seuenth Chapter sheweth how to handle the declination of the Sunne to knovve the altitude of the North pole aboue the horizon the heigth of the Sunne being truely taken and knowen in any place betweene the North pole and the Equinoctiall so that the Sunne be vnto the Southwards of you at the taking of the Sunne vppon the Meridian YOu must consider by the regiment or table of declination going before that the .11 day of Marche the Sunne is equinoctiall entring then the firste point of Aries called the equinoctiall of spring time where she hath no declination The .10 day of Aprill the Sunne entreth into the firste minute of Taurus then hauing declination to the Northwards 11. degrées .30 minuts The .12 day of May the Sunne entreth the first poynte of Gemini hauing then declination .20 degrees .12 minuts The .12 day of Iune the Sunne entreth into Cancer where he making his greatest progresse to the Northwards hath .23 degrées .28 minuts of declination But now in this our time some do affirme it to be .23 degrées and a halfe but it lacketh .2 minuts The .14 day of Iulie the Sunne entreth into Leo comming dounwards to the Equinoctiall hauing .20 degrées .12 minutes of declination The 14. day of August the Sunne entreth into Virgo hauing declination .11 degrees .30 minutes The .14 of September the Sunne entreth into Libra then being Equinoctiall and hauing no declination whiche is called the Equinoctiall of Autumne or haruest where he beginneth his South declination The .14 of October the Sun entreth into Scorpio where his declination is .11 degrees .30 minutes The .12 of Nouember the Sun entreth into Sagittarius his declination being .20 degrées .12 minutes The .12 day of December the Sunne entreth the firste minute of Capricorne where the Sunne making greatest progresse to the Southwards hath of declination .23 degrees and .28 minutes From whence he retourneth to the equinoctiall againe The .11 of Ianuary the Sunne entreth into Aquarius where his declination is 20. degrees .12 minutes The .10 day of February the Sunne entreth into the first minute of Pisces and hath of declination .11 degrees .30 minutes The .11 day of March the Sunne retourneth to the selfe same place that it departed from before wherefore the Egyptians did paint the yeare like to an adder biting hir tayle and not hauing the vse of letters they made a ring and named it annulus as it were annus that is to saye a yeare bycause a ring dothe turne rounde in it selfe as dothe the yeare The heigth of the Sunne béeing knowen you knowing the day of the mooneth and what yeare it is after the Bissextilis must turne to the day of the mooneth in the regiment or table going before where right againste the day of the mooneth you shall
find the degrées of declination and the odde minuts belonging to the degrées of declination following that being knowen that is to say the heigth of the Sun with the degrées and minutes of the declination if the Sunne haue North declination you shall subtract or take away the Sunnes declination from the heigth of the Sunne with the degrees and minutes and then that which remaineth shall be the true heigth of the Equinoctiall whiche being knowen pulling that sūme out of .90 with the degrees and minuts that whiche dothe remaine shall be the true heigth of the North pole aboue the horizon But if that the Sunne hathe South declination you shall adde or put that declination vnto the heigth of the Sunne whiche shall shewe vnto you the true heigth of the Equinoctiall of the which sūme being taken from .90 that which doth remain shall be the altitude of the North pole aboue the horizon For this is to be noted looke what heigth the Equinoctiall is aboue the horizon it is equall or iust so much betweene the Zenith or verticall point and the North pole In like maner looke how many degrées and minutes are betwéene the Equinoctiall and your Zenith iust that number of degrées and minuts is from the North pole downe to the horizon which is the cause that you must pull the heigth of the Equinoctial from the horizon with the degrees and minutes For that your Zenith is alwayes .90 degrées from the horizon as you sée by this figure The .8 Chapter sheweth you how to handle the declination of the Sunne when you are betweene the Equinoctiall and the Sunne that is to say the Sunne being to the Southwards or Northwards of you and the Equinoctial or vnder the Equinoctiall the heigth of the Sunne being truely knowen or taken NOw furthermore if you be vnto the South parts neare vnto the equinoctiall so that the Sunne haue any great declination either to the Southwards or the Northwards you being between the equinoctial and the Sunne whē you haue taken the true heigth of the Sun with the Astrolobe to know the heigth of any of the .2 poles do this séeke the declination of the Sun for that day with the degrées minuts the declinatiō being known the heigth of the Sunne in like maner then adde the declinatiō of the Sun vnto the heigth thereof it will exceede or be more than .90 degrées then againe looke how many degrees it is more thā .90 with degrées minuts that shal be the true heigth of the pole towards that side that the Sun is bycause the Equinoctial is the number of degrées aboue .90 which is your Zenith to the contrary part frō the Sunwards For as I haue said in the chapter going before is general for euer looke what heigth soeuer the Equinoctial be frō the horizō that is the true distance betwéene the Zenith and the pole in like maner looke what distance is betwéene the Equinoctial the Zenith the same is the true distāce betwen the horizon the pole that is to say the pole is so many degrées in altitude aboue the horizō As it is a cōmon saying in knowing how farre we be vnto the Southwards or Northwards that the pole artick is so many degrées in altitude or as som wil say that we are in so many degrées in Latitude the question is all one in effect although the one be called Altitude or heigthe and the other Latitude or widenesse yet it hathe one signification for as when you say altitude or heigth of the Pole you meane the Pole is raysed so many degrees aboue the Horizon So likewise when you say Latitude you mean you be so many degrees in widenesse frō the Equinoctiall for that your Zenith or verticall pointe is so many degrées frō the Equinoct Moreouer if you chaunce to be right vnder the Equinoctial as you cānot say that you haue any Latitude so likewise cannot you say that you haue any Altitude for that the two Poles be then iust with your Horizon and in like maner the Equinoctiall is your Zenith or Verticall poynte But when you will take the heigth of the Sunne with your Astrolobe then looke what declination the Sunne hath either to the Southwardes or Northwardes Then put the declination of the Sunne vnto the heigthe of the same and the number will be iust .90 degrées if it lacketh any thing of .90 degrées then it signifieth that the Equinoctiall lacketh so much of the Zenith and so muche iust shal the pole be aboue the Horizon towards that part that you be in from the Sunne wardes But contrarywise if it dothe excéede or be any thing more than .90 degrées then as afore is declared it signifieth that the Equinoctiall is as much as that number both in degrées and minutes On the contrary side from the Sunne wardes that is to say your Zenithe shal be betwéene the Sunne and the Equinoctial the Pole shall be so many degrees or minutes aboue the Horizon as is the distaunce betwéene the Zenith and the Equinoctiall towardes that part or side that the Sunne is on Wherefore I do think it necessarie to giue certaine ensamples and first take this for an ensample Admit I doe take the heigth of the Sunne vnto the Northwards .80 degrées aboue the Horizon and the Sunne hathe declination vnto the Northwardes .20 degrées to which I adde or put the heigth that is to say .80 degrées being the heigth of the Sunne and .20 degrees being the declination of the Sunne doe make .100 frō which I pull .90 away which is my Zenith and so ther remayneth .10 degrées Wherefore you may conclude that the Equinoctiall is .10 degrées to the South parte of youre Zenith and the Sunne to be .10 degrées to the North parte of your Zenith so that the North Pole is .10 degrées aboue the Horizon as by this example it is declared And for the second ensample admit I take the Sunne vnto the Northwardes .75 degrees and .20 minutes aboue the Horizon the Sunne hauing North declination .14 degrées 40. minutes I then do adde or put .14 degrées .40 minutes vnto .75 degrées .20 minuts and those .2 ioyned togither maketh 9◠degrées whereof you may conclude that the Equinoctiall is your Zenith and then the .2 Poles be with your Horizon as by this example it doth appeare And now followeth the .3 ensample I admit the Sunne be taken with the Astrolobe .81 degrees and .15 minutes aboue the horizon and the same hathe South declination .22 degrées .35 minutes wherefore I do adde or put togither .81 degrées and .15 minutes being the heigth of the Sunne and 22. degrées .35 minutes being the declination and that maketh .103 degrees .50 minutes from which I take away .90 degrées which is my Zenith so that there remayneth .13 degrees .50 minutes so that you may safely conclude that the Equinoctiall is .13 degrées .50
minutes vnto the North parts of the Zenith and then it must néedes follow that the South pole is .13 degrees .50 minuts aboue the Horizon as by thys ensample it is declared The nynth Chapter sheweth how to handle the declination of the Sunne vvhen you are beyond the Equinoctiall that is to say betweene the South pole and the Equinoctiall with certaine ensamples both for the South pole and the North pole ANd furthermore if you be vnto the Southwards beyond the Equinoctial as betwéen the tropick of Capricorne the South pole then to vse the declination of the Sun to know the heigth of the South pole or antartick pole by the heigth of the Sun there is no other matter in the doing thereof but wheras we being vnto the North partes do adde the South declination vnto the heigth of the Sunne and rebate the North declination from the heigth of the Sunne so in like manner the contrary is to be vsed that is to say to rebate the South declination from the heigth of the Sunne and to adde vnto the heigth of the Sun the North declination As for ensample I admit the heigth of the sun be taken .28 degrées aboue the Horizon due North the declination of the Sun be .21 degrees vnto the Northwards I do theÌ„ adde the declination of the sun which is .21 degrees vnto the heigth of the Sun being .28 degrees which maketh .49 degrées so many degrees the Equinoct is aboue the Horizon vnto the Northwards then as it is before declared pull that sum out from .90 degrees and there remaineth .41 degrees which is the distance betweene the Zenith and the Equinoctiall whiche alwayes is equall with the distance betweene the Pole and the Horizon so that you may conclude the South Pole to be raysed .41 degrees aboue the Horizon As by this figure it is shewed And furthermore if the Sunne haue South declination then as before is declared you must subtract or take away the Sunnes declination from the heigth of the Sunne as for ensample The heigth of the Sunne being taken at .50 degrees â—0 minutes vnto the North partes and the Sunne hauing .7 degrées and .15 minutes of declination vnto the southwards from which heigth of the Sun for that you are vnto the the Southwards beyond the Equinoctial you must rebate the declination which is .7 degrées and .15 minuts and there resteth .43 degrées .15 minuts for the true heigth of the Equinoctial which summe you must take out of .90 degrées that done there remayneth .46 degrées .45 minutes the true heigth of the South Pole aboue the Horizon otherwise called the Antarticke Pole as by ensample of this Fygure is playnely shewed Yet furthermore I do thinke it conuenient to giue you an ensample vnto the Northwardes that you maye perfectly knowe the true order of the working bothe for the North parte and also the South parte Admit therefore I take the heigth of the Sunne due South at .50 degrées aboue the Horizon the Sunne hauing then north declination .20 degrees Now for as much as you haue the north Pole aboue the horizon you must rebate the Suns declination froÌ„ the heigth so that .20 degr being taken away from .50 there resteth .30 whiche is the heigth of the Equinoctiall aboue the Horizon and that .30 being taken from .90 there resteth .60 So that you maye boldly affirme the North Pole to be .60 degrées aboue the Horizon as by this figure folowing it is shewed In like maner the Sunne being taken at that heigth and due South hauing the like declination also to the Southwardes that it had before to the Northwardes that is to say being .50 degrées in heigth and hauing .20 degrées of declination vnto the South partes you muste adde or put the declination of the Sunne vnto the heigth of the same and it maketh .70 degrées which is the heigth of the Equinoctiall aboue the Horizon this done that .70 being taken out of .90 there remayneth but .20 so that the North Pole is but .20 degrées aboue the Horizon as by the ensample of this fygure it is shewed For in handling of the declination the true heigth of any of the Poles is knowne Alwayes hauyng this consideraton that if they haue the North Pole aboue the Horizon they do alwayes adde or put too the heigth of the Sun the South declination of the same Or the Sunne hauing North declination they pul away the Sunnes declination from the heigth thereof Nowe contrarywise if the South Pole be aboue the Horizon you muste adde the North declination vnto the heigth of the Sunne and take away the South declination from the heigth of the same Nowe to knowe whiche of the 2. Poles be aboue the Horizon is a very easie matter and is knowne .2 wayes For firste if the North Pole be aboue the Horizon you may knowe it by all the Starres rounde about the Pole as Charles Wayne and the Guardes with such other markes as be aboute the North Pole. Neyther can you passe so sodenly beyond the Equinoctiall but it must néeds be known vnto you then you must vse that kynd of working with the Sunnes declination that in the chapter or rule before is rehearsed and also you may knowe it by the Arke or bearing of the Starres and lyghtes rounde aboute you Thus much haue I sayd as touching the Suns declination bycause I knowe that diuers English men would haue trauelled further beyonde the Equinoctiall than they haue done but that they haue not had the capacitie to handle the Sunnes declination when they haue bene beyonde the Equinoctiall that is to say vnto the South partes hauing lost the markes about the North Pole as the North Starre and other and as for the Stars of the South they haue not bene acquainted with them but haue beaten vp and downe alongst the coast of Ginnie and Bynney and there haue spoiled and consumed their men through the extraordinarie heat of the Sunne not knowing that in going furthrr to the South partes they shoulde haue brought themselues into a good temperate clymate againe ¶ The .10 Chapter sheweth howe to handle the Sunnes declination vnto the Northvvards where the Sunne doth not set vnder the Horizon and also to take the Sunne at the lowest being due North. FOr further vse of the Sunnes declination if you haue any occasion to trauell vnto the Northwardes or Southwardes more than .67 degrées of Altitude of any of the .2 Poles or if the sunne haue any great declination vnto those partes that you are in theÌ„ shall not the Sun go down vnder the Horizon in a long time after as you be in distance vnto the North parts for if you were right vnder either of the .2 Poles of the world then would not the Sunne go vnder the Horizon in halfe a yeare so that there should be continually day And now for the handling of the Sunnes