followes the Whalefish it hath two notable Starres in the tayle of it the more Northerly comes before the great Dogge into the South 6 houres 28 minuts the declination of it is 10 degrees 47 minutes in the south-side of the Line 24 minutes after comes the Southermost into the South and it is in the Southside of the Line 19 degrees 58 minutes In the head of Aries there is a cleare Starre appeareing with that in the Horne in form as is here described and comes foure houres 43 minutes into the South before the great Dogge standeth in the Northside of the Line 21 degrees 44 minutes Directly North followes Perseus a bright Starre in forme thus and it comes before Syrius into the South three houres and a halfe hath the declination in the Northside of the Line 48 degrees 31 minutes The Coachman Ericthonius The right shoulder goeth 57 minutes before the great Dogge toward the South his declination is in the Northward 44 degrees 51 minut Also that called the North Horne of Taurus goes one houre 22 minut before the great Dogge into the South his declination is 28 degrees 15 minutes Northward The Gyant The first of the three in the Girdle which are called the three Kinges goe one houre 16 minutes before Syrius into the south the declination of it is 36 minutes in the Southside of the Line Foure minutes after commeth the second or middlemost into the South the declination is 1 degrees 27 min. Nine minutes after the first commeth the last or third of the three Kings into the South and hath his declination in the Southside of the Line 2 degr 10 minut These three Kinges stand alwayes and appeare a little above the great Dogge whereby they are easily knowne Here doe follow some Starres which show themselves in the North and therefore by some men may are caled Northstares The Southermost of the forewheeles comes into the North to his highest right over the Pole 5 houres 5 min. after the great Dogge is past the South his declination 55 degr 42. min. in the Northside of the Line and is distant from the Pole 34 degrees 18 minutes The most Northern in the fore wheele followeth 23 minut after and then commeth to his highest the declination of it is 59 degrees 1 minute and it standeth above the Pole 30 degrees 59 minutes The Horse the next to coach commeth to its highest in the North 6 houres 8 minutes after the great Dogge is gone through the South it declineth to the North 57 degrees 57 min. is distant from the Pole 32 degr 3 min. The middlemost Horse comes halfe an houre after it to the highest the declination of it is 56 degrees 50 minutes therefore it standeth distant from the Pole 33 degr 10 minutes The uttermost Horse of the coach cometh to the highest 7 houres 4 minut after Syrius is past through the South the declination of it is 51 degr 9 minut it is distant from the Pole 21 degr 51 minutes The middlemost and brightest of the waiters declineth to the north 75 degr 43 minut is distant from the Pole 14 degr 17 minutes NOTA. Touching the north Starre her declination and how it is to be used with the watchmen is decliniated in the difcourse following Half an houre after followeth the Brest named Schedir the declination is 54 degrees 36 minutes and thus it standeth from the pole 75 degrees 24 minutes Fifteen houres after that followeth the star that standeth in the Hipp in declined 58 degreet 48 minutes so that it standeth from the Pole 31 degr 12 minutes Yet 27 minutes later followeth that which is placed in the knee hath its declination 58 degrees 21 minut it is distant from the Pole 31 degrees 39 minut The 17 Point How to find the houre of the day or of the night To finde the houre of the day at any hight will bee done most readily and certainely with such a water compas as is described in the Chapter of the ebbing flowing of the Sea in the night one may finde it by the nightdiall as this Figure above describeth which hath two rondels the one moveable the other immoveable in the lowest which is immoveable are the 12 signes of heaven placed is also the moneths and dayes of the yeere On the moveable roundel are the houres this turnes with the gnomen whose right side answereth to the middle point where there must be a nayle with a hole through which a man may see The use of this night diall is this We set first the foot to the twelfth houre on the moveable roundel and to the day of the yeere on the undermost unmoveable roundel and set the Instruments hight with the lowest corner of the foot A B so that it stand water-pas in such sort that a man may see the North-star through the hole of the nayle turning the diall up and downe so long till the hinder wheeles of the great Wagon come into the diall which being so the gnomen shall shew the houre on the moveable roundel And if in place of the hinder wheels of the Wagon you take the brightest of the watchtmen it will be 4 hour 15 minut later as the diall will shew because the wheeles aforesayd of the great cart goe so much before the wayters Men may finde the houre by the ascension of the Sunne and the Starres in this manner when we see any Star in the South whose just ascension is knowne and that we know the true ascension that day then draw the ascension of the Sunne from the ascension of the Star the remainder we devide into houres by 15 for 15 degr make 1 houre and this wil be the right houre of the time but if the ascension of the Sunne be more then the Stars in that cause you shall add 360 degrees to the ascension of the Star and then to as aforesayd I. Example On the 10 of April in the evening in the south I se the heart of the Lyon whose right ascension is 147 degr the ascension of the Sunne on that day is 19 degr take those from the ascension of the Star there remaines 128 degrees and these devided by 15 I finde 8 houres 8 degrees over plus and for as much as 15 degrees make one houre every degree will make 4 minutes the 8 degrees over plus make 32 minutes of an houre it will be than at that time 8 houres 32 minutes from the noone tyde II Exempel ON the 5 of November in the night I finde in the south the Star Aldebaran the south eye of the Bull whose right ascension is 64 degrees the Sunnes right ascension on that day 220 degr which is more then that of Aldebaran therefore I add to the ascension of the Srar 360 degrees it makes 424 degrees the Sunnes right ascension being taken from this there remains 204 degr which is the difference betweene the ascension of the Sunne and the Star aforesaid which being devided by 15 you shall finde 13
the needle beginneth to decline from the north towards the west untill you come a little on the east side of the Iland S. Brandaon where it is at the height of 22 gr or two whole strokes that is increasing northwestering Sayling from thence you begin to decrease till you are at the south point of Celebes where againe the needle draweth right this is called decreasing northwestering For the common navigation from this Countrey to the east north England France or Spaine the stiles to direct the Lilly right north set fast under the rose about two third parts from the stroke from the north to the east The stretching and course of the one Country towards the other in the common Cards are drawne by such a Compasse so that you may sayle it without altering of the Compasse or shaking any other reckoning or account In great journies when the needle declineth sometime to the west and sometime to the east a stroke or two or more it is necessary to observe it sharply over what side and how much it standeth from the north that you may be certaine what course you shall hold in sailing Lastly make a ring of brasse or wood as P Q R that you may hang the box on it that the uppermost flat A B C D may hang Water-compasse the south side B C F G and the edges B F C G and the Line L O just in the lead this being thus prepared the use followeth Of the Tides IT is knowne to all experienced Mariners that the ebbing and flowing of the sea is governed by the Moone soo that every new and full Moone the waters are higher which they call spring-tydes and at the quarter of the Moon the waters are lowest so that you may know and that certainly by former observation although the true and reall cause thereof is yet hidden from us the houre of the tyde and on what point or stroke the Moone maketh high water in any particular place to the great profit and furtherance of navigation If you set such a compasse with the bottom water compasse the line H K just north and south to wit H to the north and K to the south and the lower end of the gnomen by such a degree of the Quadrant F C according to the height of the Pole where you are there will the roundell A B C stand even with the surface of the true Equinoctiall and the gnomen E D with the axeltree of the world The sight on such a Compasse and a common one differeth very much and by how much nearer the Equinoctiall soo much more will the difference bee as will appeare by this example following The first Example On the height of 50 gr or thereabout the Sunne being in the beginning of Cancer in the greatest northerly declination it is on a common Compasse east at halfe an houre past seven and west at halfe an houre past foure that is he goeth from the east to the west through the south in nine houres but from the west through the north to the east in 15 houres The Second Example At the height of 30 degrees hee comes little before halfe an houre past nine at the east and a little after halfe an houre past two to the west and so it goeth in lesse then five houres and a halfe from the east through the south into the west but from the west through the north to the east he goeth more then 18 houres The third Example The Dragonshead being in the beginning of Aries and the Moone in the beginning of Cancer they make 5 gr more declination than the Sunne and go to the foresaid height of 30 gr more then an houre sooner from the east to the west then the Sunne to wit about the space of 4 houres and againe from the west to the east about the space of 2 houres Under the line the Sunne having noo declination riseth in the morning in the east and rising remaineth east untill he commeth to the Zenith and passeth that to the west and abideth so descending west till he approacheth the Horizon and is according to a flatt driving compasse the one halfe of the day east and the other west without comming on any other stroke but it is not so on such an Equinoctiall compasse The Sunne and Moone both going alwayes in the same distance of time over every stroke to wit from the east to the south in six houres and from the south to the west in six houres and againe from the west through the north in twice six houres The first Example Under the Line the Sunne being in the Equinoctiall I set the end of the gnomen E directly north the other end D to the south at the upper-edge of the Quadrant at G on O the gnomen E D shall lye water Compasse like the axeltree of the world and the roundell right in the lead upright like the true Equinoctiall there The Sun comâ—ing above the Horizon the shaddow of the gnomen â—â—all direct you to the sixt houre in the east for the rising but if hee rise beyond the edge of the roundell and devideth that in the same time into equall parts with the shaddow being 45 gr above the Horizon the shaddow of the gnomen will direct you to the 9 houre in the south being â—ome into the Zenith the shaddow shall fall just on the â—ead at the twelfth houre in the south againe 45 gr that is â—escending halfe way the west the shadow shall be at the â—â—ird houre in the afternoone in the southwest but coâ—ing to the Horizon the shaddow shall fall on the sixt â—oure in the west As this is spoken of the Sun the same must bee underâ—â—ood of the moone in as much as concerneth the points 〈◊〉 strokes af the Compasse To reckon by the age of the moone we have set in the table following under every stroke two rankes of ciphers the first are the dayes of the age of the moone or the dayes past since the moone was new or at the full The second the houres and minutes of those dayes in the which the moone comes to such a stroke maketh at the place standing by high water The Second Example Eight dayes after the moon hath beene new or at the full I desire to know when the moone commeth to the south at Embden or Enckhuysen and such like places makes high water for there a north and a south moone makes full sea I seek under the north and south stroke the 8 day in the 1 columne and by that in the second 6 houres 24 minut on that then shall the moone come to the north and south at 6 hour 24 min. and make high water in that place The tyde 48 min. later every day that is foure or fivâ— parts of an houre then if you know at what houre the new or full moone make high water in any one place you shall reckon from that first day every day foure or five parts of an
houre later and so you shall find the just timâ— of high water or full sea in that place The third Example When the moone is new or full then it is at Amsterdam and Rotterdam and wheresoever a southwest and northeast moone maketh full sea high water at three of the clocke a day after the new or full moone at three of the clocke 24 mi. two dayes after at foure of the klocke and 36 min. and foure dayes after the new or full moon at six of the clocke 12 minutes Here follow the Tables of the Water-tydes South and North. da. ho. mi.   0 12 0 At the Iuttish Ilands Before the Hever Eyder and Elve before Emden Delfeziel Before Enchuysen Horn and Vrck upon all the coasts of Vlanders upon the foreland At Dover in the Pier at Bevesier on the sand at Hanton on the Kay Before Schietenburch and the Ras of Blanckert at Olfernes In the conduit at Iubleter in the Road. Falling of streams upon the same stroke 1 12 48 2 1 36 3 2 2 4 3 1 5 4 0  6 4 48  7 5 36  8 6 24  9 7 12 From the Nesse to Beunen 10 8 0 11 8 48 12 9 36  13 10 24  14 11 12   15 12 0   South Southwest and North Northeast da. ho. mi.   0 12 45 Within the Mase within the Veer at Flushing Neare Bevisier in Sea In the Chamber In Charmsey Falling of streames upon the same stroke 1 1 33 2 2 21 3 3 9 4 3 57 5 4 43  6 5 33   7 6 21   8 7 9  From Beunen to the Sont Also from Estaple to Beunen 9 7 57  10 8 45  11 9 33  12 10 21  13 11 9  14 11 57  15 12 45   South and by West and North and bâ—â—â—st da. ho. mi.   0 1 30 Vnder the Holy Land Before the Mase and Goeree Before the Veere at Armewe Upon the slat before Rammekens Before the Wielings On the Sealand Coasts Before the Thames of London Before Yarmouth In Duyns on the Road Neare the Cingle On the Wester end of Wight Without Callice and Swartenes In Blavet Bunlline at the Land Faâ—â—â—â— of sâ—reâ—â—â—â— upo◠〈◊〉 sâ—me stâ—oâ—â— 1 2 18 2 3 6 3 3 54 4 4 42 5 5 30  6 6 18  7 7 6  8 7 54  9 8 42 From the Gravel â—â—ghen to Beunen 10 9 30 11 10 18 12 11 6 13 11 54  14 12 42  15 13 30   Sout west by South and Northeast by North. da. ho. mi.   0 2 15 Without Fontenay Without Blavet Under Bulline Before the Wieling Before the Mase Falling of streames upon the same stroke Amidst through the Heads From Duynckerck to Greveling From Staples to Fecam From Dortmout to Exmouth 1 3 3 2 o 3 51 3 4 39 4 5 27 5 6 15  6 7 3  7 7 51  8 8 39  9 9 27  10 10 15   11 11 3   12 11 51   13 12 39   14 1 27   15 2 15   Southwest and Northeast da. ho. mi.   0 3 0 At Amsterdam Rotterdam Dort and Ziericksea Before Newcastle the These Harie poole In Robinhoods bay without the Flemish bankes In the pas of Calice Before Conquet at peymarques groy Armentiers Heys Kiliaets Porthus the river of Burdeux On all the southcoasts of Britagne Gascoigne Poictu On all coasts of Biscaye Galissien Portugale and Spaine On the West coasts of Ireland at Bokenes or Orkenesse In Hitland and Fairehill Falling of streames upon the same shok From Ca. de Hague to the Iland of Ornay From Garney to Caquet from Mylford to Ramsey At Fawike in the chanel At Portland in the Sack 1 3 48 2 4 36 3 5 24 4 6 12 5 7 0 6 7 48 7 8 36 8 9 24 9 10 12 10 11 0 11 11 48 12 12 36  13 1 24  14 2 12  15 3 0  Southwest by West and Northeast by East a. ho. mi.   0 3 45 between the pas of Calice the Mase at Roan In the Soths before S. Matthews point In Bristow and Crixdown In the forde betweene Heysant Before the Bos. at S. Marten before Rochel before Brouwage at Roan In the river of Bourdeaux within the chanels situated on the coasts of Spain Galissien the Southside of Bretaigne Gascoigne and the west coasts of Ireland Falling of streames upon the same stroke 1 4 33 2 5 21 3 6 9 4 6 57 5 7 45  6 8 33 From Strusaert to Deepe From Lezart to Start From Cale Clare to London 7 9 21 8 10 9 9 10 57 10 11 45 11 12 33 12 1 21 13 2 9 14 2 57 15 3 45   West Southwest and East Northeast da. ho. mi.   0 4 30 From Texel to the pas of Calice in the fareway Before Humber before Flambrough Schetenborough Abruac In Famouth in the Mouschole Seven Ilands S. Pauls with out the haven betweene garnsey and the seven Isles in the farewater In the Breesand without the foure All south coasts of Ireland as Kinsael Corke Iochel Waterfood and Cape de Cleare Falling of streames upon the same stroke From Ostend to S. Catelines from Berchfleur to Strusaert The Breesand out and in From C. de Cleare to the Iland 〈◊〉 Saltees between London Holmes so far as Bristow from Sorlings to EnglaÌ„ds end From Start point to Portlant 1 5 18 2 6 6 3 6 54 4 7 42 5 8 30 6 9 18 7 10 6 8 10 54 9 11 42 10 12 30 11 1 18 12 2 6 13 2 54  14 3 42  15 4 30  West by South and East by North. da. ho. mi.   0 5 15 In Torbay and Dartmouth In Plimmouth and Fawyke In the Sea of Galles In Famouth In Milford At Ramsey in Wales Before Lin in England Against London In all havens on the South-coasts of Ireland Falling of Streames upon the same strok From Isle â—as to the Foure From Dorsey to Caep de Cleare From the Sotlis to Lizard From Portland to Wight From Wight to Beach otbovesier 1 6 3 2 6 51 3 7 39 4 8 27 5 9 15 6 10 3 7 10 51 8 11 39 9 12 27 10 1 15  11 2 3  12 2 51  13 3 39   14 4 27   15 5 15   West and East da. ho. mi.   0 6 0 Before Hamburgh Before Bremen Before the Maersdeep or Tessel At Hull At Blakney and Wels. Before Antwerpe Tergoes Tergouwe At Concallo and S. Malo S. Pauls in the haven Without the Sorlis in the channell Falling of Streames upon the same Stroke 1 6 48 2 7 36 3 8 24 4 9 12 5 10 0  6 10 48 From the Kilcasses to Berchs fleur
one going through the Points of the Equinoctiall is called the Colurus of the Equinoctials the other through the Points of the Solstices the Colures of the Solstices The Sonne moving these Circles through its yearely course in the Zodiack devideth the yeare into foure parts as the Spring Summer Autum and Winter Demonstration IN the foregoing Figure A F B D is the Colures of the Equinoctials going trough D and F the points of the Equinoctial in the beginnings of Aries Libra through the Poles A and B A C G B M E H the Colurus of the Solstices in the beginnings of Cancer Capricornus where the Ecliptique is farthest distant from the Equinoctiall line through the Poles of the World A and B and through the Poles of the Zodiack M and N cutting one another through crossewayes with right corners in the Poles A and B and deviding the Zodiaque or Ecliptique in 4 parts as D H H F F G and G D the first of which the Sonne wanders through in the Spring the second in the Summer the third in the Autume and the fourth in the Winter These foresayd Circles of the Spheare are all greate Circles that is compassing the Spheare at the widest deviding the same into two equall parts there follow now 4 small Circles which devide the Spheare into unequall parts The ninth Point Concerning the Tropickes and the Artique and Antartique Circles THe Tropiques are two Circles the one northwards and the other southwards from the Equinoctiall and alike wide with the same which through turning about of the Spheare from the Points of the Ecliptique are farthest distant from the Equinoctiall and are placed the one to the North and is called the Tropique of Cancer and the other to the South and is called the Tropique of Capricornus Circulus Articus the Northerne Circkle and Circulus Antarticus the Southerne Circkle are reckoned through the running about off the Spheare from the Poles off the Ecliptique Demonstration IN this Figure H I is the Tropicke of Cancer which through the turning about of the Spheare is written from the Point H the beginning of Cancer is also so called because that the Son comming to that point farthest from the Equinoctiall towards the North turneth then againe through the Crabfish towards the Equinoctiall G K is the Tropique of Capricornus so caused through the running about of the Speare from the point G the beginning of Capricornus of the Goate and is so called because the Sonne comming to that point in the farthest from the Equinoctiall towards the South then turneth againe through the Goate towards the Equinoctiall N P is the Artique Circle and M O the Antartique Circle they are so called through the running about of the Speare from the Poles of the Zodiaque N and M. These are equally distant from the Poles of the World A and B as the Tropique are from the Equinoctiall Line to witt 23 Degrees and 31½ Minutes The tenth point Of the Suns Declination THe Suns Declination is its distance from the Equinoctiall Line and that is two fold towards the North and South Demonstration THe Suns Declination is caused through his course alongst the Ecliptique Line thus Let A bee the northerne and B the southerne Pole of the World C P E the Equinoctiall G H G the Ecliptique Line The Sonne comming in the beginning of Aries on the 21 of March to D commeth also in the Equinoctiall Line hath besides no Declination neither northwards nor southwards but going forwards alongst the Ecliptique from D to H and comming to K in the beginning of Taurus it shall bee distant and declined from the Equinoctiall Line towards the north from I to K. 11 degrees and 30 minutes Going forwards to H is then at most declined from P to H 23 Degrees 31½ minutes From thence following its course from H to F commeth in the beginning of Libra againe to the Line without Declination Going forwards from F towards G untill M in the beginning of Sagitarius it shall bee distant or declined from the Line F E towards the South from L to M 20 Degrees 13 minutes Comming to G it is then at its farthest declination from E to G towards the south from thence it runneth againe to D to the Equinoctial line perfecting its course in a yeare The Eleaventh Point How to find the Sonnes Declination upon every day in the yeare THe yeare of the Sonne that is the time wherin the Sonne goeth out of a certaine point in the Ecliptique and turneth againe into the same and is not just 365 dayes but about 5 houres and 49 minutes that is litle lesse then 6 howers more wherefore it is that we alwayes adde after three yeares to the South 4 times 6 howers that is a day to the Month February thereby to count the yeare or Revolation of the Sonne into equall dayes therefore every such fourth yeare is called the Leap-yeare If therefore you will then sett the Sonnes Declination by day tables it is needfull to make foure sundry tables of foure such following yeares The foresayd difference of foure Revolutions of the Sonne come not equally alike with such foure yeares being with length of time soo much difference in the Declination that it is needfull to renew such Tables every twenty yeares Now to find the Declination of the Sonne out of such Tables upon every day of the yeare it is needfull to know two things the first in what yeare you are either the Leap-yeare or in the first second or third yeare after The second when you know the yeare which of the Tables you must use thereto For the first devide the yeare of our Lord 1600 by 4 if the devision commeth even out without remainders such a yeare is then a Leape-yeare of 366 dayes but if out of the division any number remaineth such remainders shew you how much that such a proposed yeare is after the Leape-yeare The first Example I Desire to know what for a yeare 1644 is leaving the 1600 take and devide the remaining 44 by 4 that commeth even out without remainders for 11 times 4 is 44 and from thence I find that the yeare 1644 to be a Leape-yeare The Second Example FOr to know what sort of yeare 1647. is leaving the 1600. I divide the 47 by 4 and I finde tha◠there rest three for 11 times 4 is 44 take that from 47 and there remaine 3 and from thence I find that the yeare of 47 is the third yeare after Leape yeare To know the same without reckoning consider this following little Table the first Columne is of the Leape-yeares the second third sourth Columne are the three yeares after the Leape-yeares Leape yeare 1 yeare 2 yeare 3 yeare 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 The second for to know which Table you must use to every yeare that standeth demonstrated above each of the following Tables The first Example IN the second yeare following
reckoned upon the Meridian or length of the earth from the westend of England Those which are more easterly from thence have the lesser declination when the Sun departeth from the Line and increaseth in declination either towards the North or South as wel betweene the 20 of March and the 22 of Iune as betweene the 23 of September and the 22 of December and the greater declination when the Sun returneth againe towards the Line whether it bee by north or by south the Line as wel betweene the 22 of December and the 20 of March as betweene the 22 of Iune and the 23 of December On the contrary those which are more westerly from thence have the waxing declination that is when the Sun runneth from the Line either by North or by South the Line the greater declination and the falling declination that is when the Sunne runneth againe towards the Line either by North or by South the Line maketh the lesse That commeth to passe by reason of time thus Those which are more easterly have the Sunne sooner in the south or in their Meridian and therefore is the waxing declination lesse and the falling greater on the contrary those which are more westerly have the Sonne later in the South and therefore have they the increasing declination more the decreasing lesse The first Example Concerning those which are more easterly with rising declination upon the 25 of March in the second yeare following the Leap-yeare I desire to know â—he Sonnes declination at noone at Bantam in the East-Indies First I seeke upon a Globe or any other Table how much more Easterly Bantam lyeth then the Lands end of England and I find it to bee about 120 degrees herein wee reckon not so neare upon a degree or two because such a difference is but little in this respect whilst then the Sonne must have 24 houres to run about the heaven or the whole earth which is 360 degrees I seeke how much time hee must have to run 120 degrees and I say thus 360 degrees maâ—â— 24 houres what maketh then 120 facit 8 houres 〈◊〉 thence I find that the Sunne commeth 8 houres sooner to the South at Bantam then at the Lands end of England that is That the Sunne is fall South at Bantam when it is but 4 a clock after midnight at Englands Lands end Then I looke in these Tables upon the abovewritten 25 of March for the declination of the Sun and I find it to bee 1 degree 57 minutes and out of the declination on the day following 2 degrees 21 minutes that the declination of the Sun at that time in 24 houres increaseth 24 minutes therefore say I if the declination increase 24 minutes in 24 houres how much in 8 houres facit 8 minutes from thence it is cleare that seeing the Sun runneth from the Meridian over Bantam to the Meridian of Englands end and the declination riseth or increaseth 8 minutes that it at Bantam is 8 minutes lesse as these Tables declare The Suns declination is that day at Bantam no more then 1 degree and 49 minutes by north the Line The Second Example With falling Declination Upon the 16 of the same yeare I desire to know the Suns declination at noone at Bantam and I find in these Tables upon that day for the length of England Lands end 2 degrees 40 minutes that it decreaseth every day at that time of the yeare 24 minutes Seeing then the Sun as is sayd in the first example cometh 8 houres sooner to the South at Bantam then at Englands end I say doth the declination decrease 24 minutes in 24 houres how much maketh it in 8 houres it maketh 8 minutes from thence it is knowne that seeing the Sonne runneth from the Meridian of Bantam to that of Englands End and the declination falleth 8 minutes and therefore at Bantam is it 8 minutes more even as these Tables declare The declination of the Sonne on that day is at Bantam 2 degrees and 48 minutes Observation From hence it followeth That one and the same Steer-man sayling eastwards to the Indies comming upon two such divers times before the Straite of Sunda and would take the height of the Pole according to the Sun of one and the same corner of Land and should use these Tables without such caution hee should though hee thought it wel done thereby taking one time 8 minutes soo much and the other time 8 minutes too little declination hee should find it to differ 16 minutes in his height therefore in long voyages you must thinke wel upon this The third Example Concerning those which are more Westerly with rising declination A certaine Ship comming upon the 9 of October in the third yeare after Leape-yeare upon the greate South Sea neare the Coast of Peru the Steerman desireth to know the Suns declination there at noone hee findeth out of a Globe or any other Table that that Coast lyeth full 80 degrees more Westerly then Englands Lands End The Sun must then run from the South over Englands end to the South of the foresaid Coast of Peru full 80 degrees to which hee requireth about 5 houres and an halfe so that when the Sun standeth there in the South it is then from Englands end halfe an houre past 5 in the afternone Hee findeth in these Tables the declination of that day 6 degrees 13 minutes by South the Line and out of that of the following day which is 6 degrees 36 minutes that at that time in 24 houres the declination riseth 23 min. therefore shall hee say the declination riseth in 24 houres 33 minutes how much then in 5 houres and a ½ facit full 5 minutes and from thence wee find that seeing the Sun running from the Meridian of Englands end to hert of the Coast of Peru riseth full 5 minutes and thereupon the declination on that day is there 5 minutes more even as the tables demonstrate The declination then on that day on the Coast of Peru is 6 degrees 18 minutes The fourth Example Concerning the falling declination Suppose that such commeth to passe on the foresaid Coast of Peru on the 8 of September the same yeare these tables point at the declination of that day 5 degrees 46 minutes and the day following 5 degrees 23 minutes so as upon that time of the yeare in 24 houres time the declination lesseneth 23 minutes The Steerman shal then reckon thus if in 24 houres the declination lesseneth 23 minutes how much is that in 5 houres and a halfe facit full 5 minutes and shall from thence find that his declination is there 5 minutes lesse as these Tables instruct the Sonnes declination then upon that day is upon the Coast of Peru 5 degrees 42 minutes from hence may bee understood what it is which before is said in the example of the more easterly that a Steereman whe would looke after the Sun on the Coast of Peru upon such two divers times in the same place and
would use these Tables of declination without the foresaid care and caution though hee sayle right and well should neverthelesse find 10 minutes difference The fifth Example Suppose 2 Ships beeing together depart from these Lands the one sayleth eastwards and commeth according to his reckoning upon the 26 of September in the first yeare following the Leap-yeare on the other side of the world I suppose 180 degreâ—s in longitude distant from Englands end and find in these Tables the declination of the Sun on that day 2 degrees 0 minutes The other ship sayleth westwards and meeteth the first shipp at the foresaid place according to this reckoning not upon the 26 of September but upon the 25 and findeth the declination in these Tables for that day 1 degree 24 minutes and so differ as wel in the time one day and accordinglly in the declination 24 minutes which commeth to passe from this the first sailed towards the Sunrising 180 degrees hath shortened his time 12 houres The other sayled with the Sonne 180 degrees hath lengthened his time 12 houres thereby hath had one night lesse then the other whilst then the declination at that time increaseth in one day 24 minutes soo must hee that is sayled eastwards reckon 12 minutes declination lesse and hee that is sayled westwards must reckon 12 minutes more as the Tables each and shal have one sort of declination to wit 1 deg 12 m. haved The 30. Point How to finde the height of the Pole by the Sunne TO find the height of the Pole by the Sunne one thing is specially to bee marked to wit whether you are northward or southward from the Sunne whether the Sunne standeth northward or southward from you is easily knowne when you are in such a place upon the earth as is farre from the Line or from the Sunne but when the Sunne is neare almost above your head then you cannot wel see it with your eye therefore set a compasse before you that you may see where north and south is then take your Astrolabium and set it so that the one edge thereof stand right south and the other north and then you shall see at a hayres breadth whether the Sunne being at the height standeth northward or southward from the head point or Zenith if then you will seeke the height of the Pole when you are on the north side of the Sunne that is when the Sunne is Southward from you then take the just height first and as much as the declination of the Sunne is northward take it out of your height and that which resteth is the height of the Equinoctiall in the south which substracted out of ninety as in the former Point is declared then you have the height of the north Pole Example In this figure let P be the north Pole and G the South Pole E H the Equinoctiall A B the Horizon Z the Zenith and D the Sun let the height of the Sun B D bee sixty degrees above the Horizon the northerly declination D E 8 degrees if then you take D E 8 degrees from B D the height of the Sunne there will rest B E 52 degrees which is the height of the Equinoctiall which taken out of 90 degrees resteth 38 degrees for the height of the north Pole A P as in the 7 Point is shewed If the declination be Southerly then adde unto the height aforesaid taken and then if the addition bee lesse then 90 then looke upon the height of the Line in the south which taken out of 90 as aforesaid it leaveth you the height of the North Pole Example Let the height of the Sun be D B 40 degrees the southerly declination of the Sun E D 20 degrees then adde E D 20 degrees to D B 40 degrees it maketh E B 60 degrees the height of the Equinoctiall which substracted from 90 as E G the distance betweene the Equinoctiall and de south Pole then there will rest 30 for G B that is as much as the south Pole is gone under the Horizon as before is shewed so much as the one Pole is under the Horizon just so much is the other above it the north Pole P shall here be elevated thirty degrees But if the height of the Sunne being added unto the declination maketh more then 90 degrees then you must understand that the Equinoctiall is northward from your head just so much as the aforesaid addition is more then 90 and so consequently the South Pole also shall bee so much elevated Example Looke into the figure next following wherein let the height be D B 80 degrees and the southerly declination E D 18 degrees then if you adde E D 18 degrees to B D 80 degrees the height of the Sun there wil bee 98 degrees for B E seeing then that from the Horizon B to the Zenith Z that is the point in Heaven right above our heads is just 90 degr as in the 22 point is taught it followeth that E the Equinoctiall is 8 degrees northwards from the Zenith Z and so 82 degr elevated in the north above the Horizon when E A is taken out of 90 there resteth 8 degrees for the height of the south Pole G above the Horizon B then you must understand that you are betweene the Line and the Sunne How you shall finde the height of the Pole when you are southward from the Sunne WHen you perceive that you are southward from the Sunne that is when the Sunne standeth northward from you first as aforesaid take the height of the Sun then if the declination be southwards take it out of your height which you have found and then you shall have the height of the Equinoctiall which substracted from 90 it sheweth under what height you are southward from the Line Example Behold the figure above standing Let A D be the height of the Sunne in 64 degrees the southerly declination E D 16 degrees which substracted from A D the height of the Sunne there remaineth for A E 48 degrees the height of the Equinoctiall in the north which substracted out of 90 then the height of the South Pole G B will bee 42 degrees If the declination bee northerly then adde it to the height found out if then the addition bee lesse then 19 it sheweth you the height of the Equinoctiall which taken out from 90 you finde the height of the south Pole Example Looke on the figure with his circles as it followeth here after let A D the height of the Sunne in the North bee 50 degrees and D E the northerly declination 15 degr then adde E D 15 to D A 50 degrees tâ—en you have 65 degr for A E is the height of the Equinoctial then G B the height of the south Pole is 25 deg for as in the 27 Point it is shewed the height of the Equinoctiall E A with the height of the Pole G B alwayes make 90 degrees But if the height and the declination of the
know both according to the old and new stile look on this table following where they are set the one by the other Golden Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 New Epact 1 12 23 4 15 26 7 18 29 10 21 2 13 24 5 16 27 8 19 Old Epact 11 22 3 14 25 6 17 28 9 20 1 12 23 4 15 26 7 18 29 The Epact being known you shall adde it to the number of the moneths that are past from March to the moneth you are in the same moneth being reckoned with it if this brings forth 30 then is it new moon the first day of the same moneth but as much as is lesse then 30. so many dayes you have to the new moon Example In the year 1641. I desire to know when the Moon shall be new in the moneth of August the Epact of that year is 18 adding to this 6. for the number of the moneths since March the moneth of August being included it makes 24 there want 6 to make it 30 therefore the Moon shall be new 6 dayes at this that is the 6 of August The Epact the number of the moneth past from March and the day of the moneth being added such a number or whatsoever it brings forth more then 30 it sheweth the age of the Moon The first Example To know the age of the Moon on the 12 of August 1645. I adde the Epact 2 to 6 the moneths past and 12 for the 12 dayes they make this 20 is the age of the Moon but this is to be understood after the new stile To finde out easily without casting up the time of the new Moon we have here adjoyned an Almanack for 8. years next ensuing calculated by the meridian of Amsterdam shewing the day and houre of every new and full Moon together with the quarters the use of it is thus by the Moon in every moneth there are two columnes of ciphers the first sheweth the day of the moneth the second the houres and minutes of the new and full Moon to reckon from the noone of the same day to the noone of the day following according to the use and custome of Astronomers Example I would know in the year 1645 in the moneth of July on what day and houre the moon will be new and I finde the new Moon on the 22 day 14 houres telling from noone tyde and this run to the next day in the morning at two of the clock To know what day of the week that will be you must first know the Dominicall letter of that year and with what letter each moneth beginneth the Sundayes letter you shall finde under the Almanack of each year the leap year hath two the first you shall use to the 24 of Februarie the other to the end of the year every moneth beginneth with such a letter as this table following sheweth Januarie begins with A Februarie D March D July begins with G August C Septem F April begins with G May B June E October begins with A November B December E For as much as July beginneth with a G you shall begin to tell forward to 5 and that fall out in E that is the third day after B the Dominicall letter of that year and so it will be wednesday and so in all the other In the Leap year you must tell both the 24. and 25 on F because the 25 day and 24 were added on F. Almanack for the year 1654. New-stile  Moon da. ho. mi. January Februa March April May June July August Septēb Octob. Novēb Decēb. full moon 2 14 51 last quart 10 2 50 new moon 18 4 0 first quart 25 7 40 full moon 1 4 14 last quart 9 0 17 new moon 16 18 40 first quart 23 15 13 full moon 2 18 46 last quart 10 20 28 new moon 18 6 20 first quart 24 22 35 full moon 1 10 20 last quart 9 14 18 new moon 16 15 44 first quart 23 7 0 full moon 1 1 52 last quart 9 4 35 new moon 15 23 24 first quart 22 17 8 full moon 30 17 25 last quart 7 15 23 new moon 14 6 38 first quart 21 8 21 full moon 29 8 5 last quart 6 23 27 new moon 13 13 50 first quart 20 20 0 full moon 28 22 9 last quart 5 5 19 new moon 11 22 11 first quart 19 12 48 full moon 27 11 3 last quart 3 10 29 new moon 10 9 17 first quart 18 7 18 full moon 25 22 28 last quart 2 16 36 new moon 9 23 16 first quart 18 2 30 full moon 25 9 19 last quart 1 1 4 new moon 8 15 52 first quart 16 20 49 full moon 23 19 48 last quart 30 12 26 new moon 8 11 39 first quart 16 12 45 full moon 23 6 12 last quart 30 3 0 The golden Number is 2 the Epact is 12 the Sundayes letter is D the Romane Indict 7 the afterwinter 7 weeks and 3 dayes Lent the 22 of Februarie Easterday the 5 of April Ascension the 14 of May Whitsunday the 24 of May Advent the 29 of November 4 Ecclipses will be this year two in the Sun and two in the Moon the first in the Sun on the 17 of Februar at 7 a clock in the morning beyond our Horizon the second in the Moon on the 3 of March about 6 a clock in the morning shall be seen a little the third in the Sun on the 12 of August at 11 a clock in the morning and the fourth in the Moon on the 27 of August at 11 a clock at the evening will both be seen of us Almanack for the year 1655. New-stile  Moon da. ho. mi. Januar. Februa March April May June July August Septēb Octob. Novēb Decēb. new moon 7 8 16 first quart 14 23 53 full moon 21 16 42 last quart 28 22 31 new moon 6 0 40 first quart 13 14 51 full moon 20 3 56 last quart 27 16 2 new moon 7 16 45 first quart 14 17 5 full moon 21 16 2 last quart 28 12 14 new moon 6 5 39 first quart 13 1 28 full moon 20 5 9 last quart 27 7 17 new moon 5 16 0 first quart 12 8 4 full moon 19 19 5 last quart 27 23 22 new moon 6 3 44 first quart 13 2 0 full moon 21 4 30 last quart 28 22 34 new moon 3 6 49 first quart 10 0 26 full moon 18 0 39 last quart 25 21 54 new moon 1 13 44 first quart 8 12 30 full moon 16 15 40 last quart 24 6 36 new moon 30 21 39 first quart 7 3 44 full moon 15 5 57 last quart 22 11 49 new moon 29 3 18 first quart 6 22 32 full moon 14 20 46 last quart 21 20 48 new moon 28 20 15 first quart 5 19 12 full moon 13 9 52 last quart 20 4 36 new moon 27 11 36 first quart 5 16 10 full moon
of the Globe wee see the Starres as well on the one side as on the other in whatsoever part of the Heaven that it is alwayes of one greatenesse and it is found by experience that wee alwayes see the one half of the Heaven and the other halfe is hidden from our eyes from thence it appeares plainly according to the expression in the third Figure That the earth stands in the middle of the World From thence is likewise to bee marked that the Globe of the earth is no more to bee likened by the Heavens then a point without thicknesse for if the earth had any thicknesse in respect of Heaven wee should standing upon the earth by that reason not see halfe of the Heaven according to Demonstration of the 4 Figure The fourth Point Of the greatnesse of the Earth ALthough the Globe of the Earth as is sayd in respect of the extraordinary widenesse of the Heaven is no more then a point neverthelesse in respect of its selfe it is a greate body having in its Compasse 5400 dutch Miles And that is knowne by this meanes If you devide the whole Circkle of the Compasse of the earth into 360 parts or degrees and wee find as well by Navigation as by measuring of Land that such a Degree or part containeth fifteene such Dutch Miles 360 such part beeing multiplyed by fifteene make out 5400 Duth miles The fifth Point Of the Axis and Poles or Axepoints of the World IN the Globe of the World is imagined to bee a Line going from one Point on the side of the Spheare as a Diameter through the Center to another Point right against it on the other side That Line is called the Axis and the outermost-ends thereof or the foresayd Points the Poles or Axepoints of the World the one towards the North and is called the Northerne Pole and the other towards the South called the Southerne Pole Upon whichs Poles it is imagined that the Spheare is upon its Axeltree daily turned The Demonstrastion THE Line A.G.B. in this Figure going from the Point A through the Center G as a Diameter to the Point B right against it sheweth the Axel of the World and the Points A and B the Poles A to the North the Northerne and B to the South the Southerne Poles The Sixth Point Of the Aequinoctiall Line IN the middest of the Heavens every where equally distant from both the Poles is imagined a greate Circle dividing the whole Spheare into two equall parts which is called the Aequinoctial because when the Sonne commeth to or under that Cirkle which commeth to passe the 21 of March and the 23 of September the day and night are in all places of the Earth of an equall length The knowledge of this Cirkle is proffitable above all things in Navigation to know thereby how farr wee goe either to the Northwards or Southwards upon Earth thereby also is reckoned the time and hower of the day the Declination of the Sonn and Starrs and more other proffitable things Demonstration IN the foregoing Figure A and B the Poles of the World C D E F is the Equinoctiall Line in the middest of the Heaven equally distant from both the Poles A and B dividing the whole Spheare A C B E into two equall parts as C A E the Northerne and C B E the Southerne part from hence is to bee noted Seeing that the whole Compasse of the Heavens is divided into 360 degrees that the Poles stand from one another 180 degrees and betweene the Poles and the Aequinoctiall remaineth every where on both sides 90 degrees This Line is marked in the Sea-cards with a red Line from east to west through the beginning of the degrees according as they are reckoned as well towards the North as to the South The Seventh Point Of the Ecliptique Line THE Ecliptique Line lyeth awry over the Equinoctiall deviding it in two points right over against one another in two equall parts and is also devided by it in two equall parts the one lyeth betweene the Equinoctiall and the North Pole the other betweene the Equinoctiall and the South Pole It s greatest Declination on both sides of the Equinoctaill towards both the Poles is 23 degree 31½ minutes and is devided into twelve equall parts and to each of them a severall signe applyed The Sonne goeth alongst this Circkle without ever going out of it and runneth through it with its owne naturall course every yeare once and even as the Poles of the World stand every where alike distant from the Equinoctiall even soo hath the Ecliptique alsoo its two Poles every were alike distant from the same Demonstration IN this Figure as before is sayd A B are the Poles of the World C D E F the Equinoctiall G D H F the Ecliptique Line cutting and dividing the Equinoctiall and its selfe alsoo into two equall parts in the points D and F which wee call the Equinoctiall the one at D the Spring Equinoctiall the other at F the Autumne Equinoctiall The one halfe D H F the northern part lyeth betweene the Equinoctiall D E F and A the North Pole at most declined towards F H 23 degrees and 31 2 minutes The other halfe F G D the Southern part lyeth betweene the Equinoctiall F C D and the South Pole B likewise at most declined as C G 23 degrees 31½ minutes The North part is devided into six signes which wee call the Northerly beginning at D with the Kimbug signes towards the North. Aries Taurus Gemini unto H. the point of the farthest declination From thence with the descending signes of the North Cancer Leo Virgo to the Equinoctiall Line in F. the Autumne Equinoctiall the southern part is also divided into six signes which wee call the Southerly beginning at F with the discending signes towards the South Libra Virgo Saggitarius untill G the Point of the sartkest Declination towards the South from thence further with klimbing signes towards the North Capricornus Aquarius Pisces as farr as till you come to the Equinoctiall line in the Spring Equinoctiall D. The Sunne runneth through the three first Northerly signes from the 21 of March new style to the 21 of June New styl the other from the 21 of Iune to the 23 of September The first 3 Southerly signes from the 23 of September to the 23 of December and the other from the 23 December till the 21 of March againe The Poles of the Ecliptique are M and N both of them standing every where alike distant from the Ecliptique G H and soo farre from the Poles of the World A and B as the Ecliptique is farthest declining from the Equinoctiall at H E and C G. The eighth Point Of the Coluri THe Coluri are two Circkles going Croswayes through both the Poles of the World dividing each other into two parts in the Poles and together with them the whole Globe Equinoctiall Zodiack or Ecliptique and all the Paralels in 4 equall parts the
the Leape yeare upon the 20 of May I desire to know the Sonnes Declination I seeke in the Tables the Month of May in the second yeare and there under in the first Collumne of the figures the twentieth day I find in the second Collumne 20 4. That is 20 degrees and 4 minutes to bee the Sonnes Declination And seeing that it is betweene the 20 of March and the 23 of September that the Son is by northwards of the Line soo comes it to passe that the Declination is Northerly The second Example UPon the 12 of February in the Leape yeare I desire to know the Sonnes declination seeke therefore in the Table of Leape yeares toe Month of February and count in the first Collumne to the 12 day and you find there by it 13 degrees and 14 minutes for the Declination of the Sonne on that day seeing that it is betweene the 23 of September and 20 of March that the Sonne goeth by South the Line The Declination is then Southerly Now follow the Tables of the Sonnes Declination reckoned properly upon the length of the earth or Meridian of Englands Landt-End because that this length is used most by our Netherland seamen as well in running upon the Channell of the Sea as alongst the Coasts of France Portugal and Spaine NOTA. LOok how many degrees and minutes the Line is raised above the Horizon just so many degrees and minutes are there between the point right over your head called the Zenith and the Pole and thence it followeth that as many degrees and minutes as there bee betweene the Zenith and the line just as many are there from the Horizon to the Pole that is to say so many degrees is the Pole elevated therefore when we say we are in such a height wee understand that wee are so many degrees on the north or the southside of the line This rule and instruction is universal and common through out the whole World both ih the north and southside of the line An Admonition to the Reader IF a man would observe the height of the Sunne it is necessary that he know how many foot he stands above the water for the higher a man stand the farther hee is from the Horizon because that from the eye to the Horizon is 60 degrees if wee stand waterpas as they call it but if he stand higher then the water as is sayd it will bee more then 60 degrees to the Horizon And to mend this fault I have here placed a table thereby to know whether wee stand highe then the water or no and how many minutes difference it makes and also how much neerer the eye the Crosse standeth then adding the min. to that which the Crosse standeth below the Zenith so shall you mend the fault that is to say that you see the crosse so many minutes downward look on the table following Example In this height above the earth feet minutes 2 1 4 2 8 3 14 4 20 5 27 6 39 7 53 8 67 9 82 10 100 11 118 12 140 13 16â— 14 180 15 LEt your eye bee above the water suppose 27 feet that the crosse may stand 45 degrees from the Zenith that is beginning to tell from that end where the eye is these 27 feet being sought in the first rancke or Columne of the Table and you shall find over against it 6 minutes so much is the Horizon below that which they call the waterpas or the surface of the water and so many feet must the crosse bee thrust downward so will it fall out 45 degrees 6 minutes where the Crosse ought to bee Of the vapours and exhalations which the Sunne Moon and Stars as they are nearer the Horizon do seem to draw up more as indeed and truth they are EXperience teacheth that the lights of heaven by how much they are nearer the Horizon by so much doe they seeme to bee higher then indeed they are and by reason of the fumes and damps which continually arise as they are nearer the Horizon so much are they more thick and rising by little and little they lessen and at the least are cleane vanished and as wee come nearer the Pole the vapoers do more and more increase and for that cause doe the lights seeme to bee higher than they are Yea it is found about the height of 83 degrees towards the north that the Sunne seemeth to bee 40 minutes higher than in truth it is this hath that famous Astronomer Ticho Brahe searched out and written in Denmarck as you may see in this table A Table of the rising of the Sunne  Degrees Minutes  When the Sunne is found to bee high 0 34 higher then indeed it is 1 26 2 20 3 15 4 13 7 it seemes 10 10 7 15 3 23 1 32  A Table of rising of the Starres  Degrees Minutes  When the stars are of the hight 0 30 higher â—han indeed they are 1 22 2 15 4 they seeme 11 7 8 11 5 15 3 The use of this table will we declare by an example and whatsoever is sayd of the rising of the Sunne the same may bee sayd of the Starres Example LEt the height of the Sunne be measured and found to bee 7 degrees above the Horizon and in the table of the Sunne above written there are 13 minutes which the Sunne seemeth to bee higher than it is therefore substract 13 minutes from the 7 degrees there will remaine 6 degrers 47 minutes for the true height of the Sunne But if we take the distance of the Sun from the Zenith according to this example it would bee found to bee 83 degrees and then the 13 min. added to the 83 degrees the product is 83 degr 13 min. for the true distance of the Sunne from the Zenith then if we take 83 degr 13 min. from 90 degrees there will remaine 6 degr 47 min. as before and soo will it bee in all the other The TABLE Of the Suns Declination after the new stile FOR THE LEAP-YEARE Ianuar. Februar March  April May. Iune da. de mi. da. de mi. da. de mi.  da. de mi. da. de mi. da. de mi. 1 23 5 1 17 8 1 7 13  1 4 55 1 15 22 1 22 13 2 23 0 2 16 51 2 6 50  2 5 18 2 15 40 2 22 21 3 22 54 3 16 33 3 6 27  3 5 41 3 15 57 3 22 28 4 22 48 4 16 16 4 6 4  4 6 4 4 16 14 4 22 35 5 22 41 5 15 57 5 5 41  5 6 27 5 16 31 5 22 42 6 22 34 6 15 39 6 5 17  6 6 50 6 16 48 6 22 48 7 22 27 7 15 20 7 4 54  7 7 12 7 17 5 7 22 54 8 22 19 8 15 1 8 4 30  8 7 34 8 17 21 8 22 59 9 22 10 9 14 42 9 4 7  9 7 57 9 17 37 9 23 4 10 22 2 10 14
in the foot of the twinnes 16 4 73 20 16 40 73 20 The head of the Northermost twinne Castor 32 36 57 24 32 35 57 25 The head of the souther most twinne Pollux 28 50 61 10 28 49 61 11 Procyon the little dogge 6 7 83 53 6 6 83 54 Regulus Basiliscus the heart of the Lyon 13 40 76 20 13 37 76 23 The middlemost and clearest in the neck of the Lyon 21 37 68 23 21 34 68 26 The brightest in the back of the Lyon 22 28 67 32 22 24 67 36 The taile of the Lyon 16 33 73 27 16 30 73 30 The Northermost hinderwheele of the great Wagon 63 40 26 20 63 37 26 23 The Southermost hinderwheele of the great Wagon 58 17 31 43 58 14 31 46 The Northmost forewhele of the Wagon 59 0 31 0 58 57 31 3 The Souther forewheel of the Wagon 55 41 34 19 55 37 34 22 The neerest Horse to the Wagon 57 56 32 4 57 53 32 7 The middlemost Horse 56 49 33 11 56 46 33 14 The uttermost Horse 51 8 38 52 51 5 38 55 Vindemiatrix the north wing of Virgo 12 54 77 6 12 51 77 9 The Girdle of the Virgin 5 22 84 38 5 19 84 41 The left shoulder of Bootes 39 50 50 10 39 47 50 13 The bright Star betwixt the thighes of Bootes Arcturus 21 5 68 55 21 2 68 58 The brightest in the North Crowne 27 57 62 3 27 55 62 5 The brightest in the neck of the Serpent Ophiuchus 7 37 82 23 7 35 82 25 The head of Hercules 14 51 75 9 14 50 75 10 The head of the Serpentbearer 12 52 77 8 12 51 77 9 The brightest in the Dragons head 51 37 38 23 51 37 38 23 Lyra. 38 30 51 30 38 30 51 30 The taile of the Eagle 13 24 76 36 13 25 76 35 Vultur the middlemost and brightest in the Eagle 8 0 82 0 8 1 81 50 The brest of the Swan 39 9 50 51 39 11 50 49 The taile of the Swan 44 3 45 57 44 5 45 55 The Girdle of Cephus 69 1 20 59 69 3 20 57 That in the mouth of Pegasus 88 16 81 44 8 18 81 42 Sheat the brightest in the legge of Pegasus 26 10 63 50 26 13 63 47 Marcab the foot of Pegasus 13 19 76 41 13 21 76 39 The uttermost in the wing of Pegasus 13 13 76 47 13 16 76 44 By this table you may finde the declination of any of these Starres in the yeeres betweene provided that you proportion the difference of the declination to the difference of the time Example I desire to know the Declination of the tayle of the Lyon in the yeere 1650. I find in the table of the yeere 1645. 16. gr 33 min. and for the yeere 1655. 16. degrees 30 min. the min. having as much taken from them as the yeeres I finde 16 gr 31 min. and a halfe lessening declination II. Example I desire to know the declination of Aldebaran the eye of the Bull in the yeere 1650. I finde in the yeere 1645 15 gr 48 min. and for the yeere 1655 15 degr 50 minut the minut having as much taken from them in proportion as the yeeres I finde 15 gr 49. min. increaseing declination The 15. Chapter how you may easily learne to know the fixed Starres and at what time every one of them commeth to the South HOw needfull and profitable it is for a Sea-faring man to have knowledge of the fixed starres and their use especially in strange voyages and farre Navigations that is more then well known to all experienced and understanding Steerman moreover because wee have described in the foregoing chapter the declination of the fixed stares and their distance from the Pole wee shall here shew you a way and fitting meanes how you shall easily learne to know them and that perfectly at all times when as every one of them come in the south or at their height and are fitting to be used First you must know that the way of the Sonn in the heaven is immoveable with the fixed Starres with the which it is every day once turned about from east to west without change but onely that the Sonne doth contrary wise run this foresayd yearely course from west to east Whereby hee in his daily course commeth so farr behind that hee in a whole yeare goeth one course lesse then the fixed Starres and that the fixed Starres turne once more about in a yeare then the Sunn so that they every day come 4 min. sooner to the division that commeth every weeke to about halfe an houre every month 2 houres which that it may the better bee understood wee will make it evident by an example taken from the starre called Syrius or Canis Major the great dogge which alwayes followeth a little after the Image of the Gyant Orion and his Girdle which is called the three Kings which appeare a little over the great Dogge it is the greatest and clearest of all the fixed Starres which for the most part is knowne unto all Sea-faring men his declination is Southward from the Line 16 degrees and 13 minutes And it is south upon the 24 of Ianuary new stile at ten of the clock at night The 23 of Februaty at 8 of the clock at night The 28 of March as six of the clock at night The 30 of April at foure of the clock in the evening The 30 of May at two of the clock afternoone The 28 of Iune at 12 of the clock at noone even with the Sun The 28 of Iuly at ten of the clocke before noone The 29 of August at eight of the clocke before noone The 1 of October at six of the clock in the morning The 12 of November at foure of the clock in the morning The 1 of December at two of the clock in the morning The 28 of December at 12 of the clock at night Whereby every man may easily reckon at what houre and time this Starre is south every day in the yeare as well in the day time when you cannot see it as in the night when wee may see it And if you desire to know the like touching all the rest of the fixed Starres upon every day in the yeare then marke what was said before upon what houre of the day before set downe the great Dogge commeth into the South and by the Tables hereafter following touching the declination of the Stars marke how long time the Starte you seeke for commeth into the South before or after the great Dogge by that meanes you shall finde the just and perfect time that you desire The 16 Point The Table of the declination of the fixed Stars and also an Instruction of the time in which each of them commeth into the south also how you shall know them The Twinnes The south and lowest head therof commeth 54 minutes after the great Dogge into the south and hath his
houres 8 degrees which make 36 minutes it is then 13 houres 36 minutes from the noone tijde that is 1 houre 36 minut after midnight How to finde the ascension on any day in the yeere of the Sunne and the Stars we have here adjoyneth 2 tables the one of the Sunne showing from 5 dayes to 5 dayes the Sunnes ascension out of which you may easily finde the same in other dayes The other for thirtie of the primest fixed Starres both of them onely by degrees that being sufficient for this businesse The 18 Point A Table of the right ascensum of the Sunne The first number in the table shewed the day of the moneth the second of degrees of the ascension of the Sunne on that day Ianu. Febr. Mart. April May. Iuni. da. deg da. deg da. deg da. deg da. deg da. deg 5 287 5 319 5 346 5 14 5 42 5 73 10 292 10 324 10 351 10 19 10 47 10 78 15 297 15 329 15 355 15 24 15 52 15 83 20 303 20 334 20 360 20 28 20 57 20 88 25 308 25 339 25 4 25 33 15 62 25 94 31 314 28 342 31 10 30 38 31 68 31 99 Iulius Augu. Septe Octo. Nove. Dece da. deg da. deg da. deg da. deg da. deg da. eg 5 104 5 135 5 164 5 191 5 220 5 251 10 109 10 140 10 168 10 195 10 225 10 257 15 114 15 145 15 173 15 200 15 231 15 263 20 119 20 149 20 177 20 205 20 236 20 268 25 124 25 154 25 182 25 210 25 241 25 274 31 130 31 159 30 187 31 215 30 246 31 281 A Table of the right ascension of the primest Starres THe Girdle of Andromeda 12 degrees The clearest in the head of the Ram. 27 degrees Menkar the brtghtest in the mouth of the Whale 41 degr Aldebaran the south eye of the Bull. 64 degrees Capella in the left shoulder of Erichtonius 72 degrees Regel the left foot of Orion 74 degrees The Star in the left shoulder of Orion 84 degrees Syrius the great Dogge 97 degrees The North head of Gemini 180 degrees The South head of Gemini 111 degrees Procyon the little Dogge 110 degrees The brightest in the watersnake CorHydrae 137 degrees Regulns the Heart of the Lyon 147 degrees The tayle of the Lyon 172 degrees Vendemiatrix the right wing of Virgo 191 degrees Spica Virginis the eare of corne 196 degrees Arcturus the brightest in Bootes 210 degrees Arcturus the brightest in Bootes 218 degrees The South Waight 210 degrees The north Waight 224 degrees The brightest in the North Crowne 230 degrees Antares the Hart of the Scorpion 242 degrees The Head of Hercules 254 degrees The Head of Serpentarius 259 degrees The tayle of the Eagle 282 degrees Vultur the clearest in the Eagle 293 degrees The Star in the mouth of the horse Pegasus 521 degrees Formohant the brightest in the end of Aquarius 339 degr Marcab the sack or foot of Pegasus 342 degrees The uttermost in the wing of Pegasus 358 degrees The most Northerly in the Whales tayle 360 degrees The 19 Point Of the Horizon or the Circle that boundeth the sight WHere the heavens the earth or the waters seeme in our sight to meete together that is called the Horizon or the Circle bounding the sight because our sight endeth there can go no further by our Netherland Sea-farers it is also called the Kimmen This circle devideth the heavens just in two eveÌ„ parts so that just the one halfe is seene by us here above and the other halfe can not be seene by us because it is hidden underneath us which happeneth in this manner The earth as in the first chapter is shewed standeth as a center in the middle of the heavens the which by reason of the unmeasurable quantitie or largenes thereof is so farre separated from the earth that the whole thicknesse of the Earth in respect of the heavens is no more then a poynt or prick or at least so little that it cannot be perceived by our sight and that which by our sight along upon the Earth or the Water we can comprehend which can not reach further then about three Dutch miles that is 10 English myles seemeth in our eyes by reason of the space so little to be no other then an halfe Globe falling perpendicular upon a plaine so that our sight falleth in the heaven as if we stood in the middle poynt of the world and saw-right compasse wise whereby it falleth out that just the halfe of the Heaven is seene by us and the other halfe is not seene by us in like manner as if a man should lay a line over the center of a Circle then the one halfe of the Circle is above and the other halfe is just under All the heavenly light as the Sunne Moone and Starres by the turning of the heavens comming above the Horizon are seene by us and going downe under it goe out of our sight The Zenith is the poynt of the heavens directly over our head and is on all sides equally distant from the Horizon it is also called the Pole of the Horizon An Explication The Horizon is too bee considered in The eye being elevaâ—ed above the water The visible Horizon is lower then â—he trues foote minutes 2 1 4 2 8 3 14 4 20 5 27 6 37 7 39 8 53 9 66 10 82 11 100 12 140 13 163 14 186 15 a two-fold manner according to the true and the visible the true goeth every way right waterpasse from our sight that is passeth through the Center of the Sphere as is sayd deviding it into equall parts is every way from the Zenith 90 degrees the just fourth parts of a Circle The Visible is the uttermost part of the Earth or Water that our eye can reach or see when our eye is just on the flatt or surface of the even Water then the true and Visible Horizon are one and the same but our eye lifted up above the surface of the Water the sight falleth over the Globe of the earth every where lower then water-passe and thence it followeth that the visible Horizon is lower than the true although this be not much materiall in the Art of Navigation for as much as it is recompenced by the refraction of the visible Horizon We have added this table for those that desire to be exact where men may see how much the visible differs from the true that being changed or altered by feet Example THe sight being elevated above the surface of the waters 14 feet in the 1 Columne in the 2 Columne over against it you find 4 min. which the visible Horizon is lower then the true The sight being lifted 140 feetabout the Horizon the visible wil be 13 mi. lower then the true The 20 Point Of the Meridian or Middle Circle THe Meridian is a Circle in the Heavens which we must conceive to passe through both the Poles of