subita percussa expalluit vmbra VVhan as the mone vnto the world her brother Titan bright In forme wold represent shining with face both full and round She sodenly was sore wounded and ther with left her light Titan causing th'earthes shadow her beauty to confound Spou. These verses are short very full of eloquēce Phil. Yea they are also easy to be vndarstand for she neuer resembleth the figure of the sonne whō Poëts call her brother but only whā she is at the ful at which time beinge in th' opposite place to him th'earthe as I saide shadoweth her from oure sightes But let that passe and beholde to serue thy vse in this behalf I haue calculated such Eclipses of the mone as shall happē frō the yeare of oure Lorde 1560. vntill the yere 1605 Applying the time of ther beginning in yeares daies houres minuts vnto the meridiā of Norwich exactly whiche is 22. degrees and. 30. minuts from the Canarian or West fortunate Ilandes 1560. ¶ March. Daye 11 Houre 16 Minute 6 1562. ¶ Iuly Daye 15 Houre 14 Minute 4 1563. ¶ Iuly Daye 5 Houre 7 Minute 34 1565. ¶ Nouember Daye 7 Houre 11 Minute 36 1566 ¶ October Day 28 Houre 2 Minute 44 1567 ¶ October Daye 17 Houre 13 Minute 53 1569 ¶ Marche Day 2 Houre 14 Minute 57 1570 ¶ February Day 20 Houre 5 Minute 20 1570 ¶ August Daye 15 Houre 9 Minute 5 1572 ¶ Iune Day 25 Houre 9 Minute 10 1573. ¶ December Daye 8 Houre 7 Minute 25. 1576. ¶ October Day 7 Houre 9 Minute 12 1577. ¶ Aprill Day 2 Houre 6 Minute 29 1577. ¶ September Daye 26 Houre 10 Minute 37. 1578. ¶ September Daye 16 Houre 12 Minute 24 1580. ¶ Ianuary Daye 31 Houre 8 Minute 36 1581. ¶ Ianuary Daye 19 Houre 8 Minute 38 1581. ¶ Iuly Daye 15 Houre 15 Minute 0 1584 ¶ Nouember Daye 8 Houre 11 Minute 18 1587. ¶ September Daye 6 Houre 8 Minute 54 1588 ¶ Marche Daye 2 Houre 13 Minute 22 1588. ¶ August Day 25 Houre 14 Minute 47 1589 ¶ August Day 15 Houre 6 Minute 8 1590 ¶ December Day 30 Houre 7 Minute 15 1591. ¶ December Day 19 Houre 14 Minute 48 1592 ¶ Iune Day 14 Houre 8 Minute 7 1592 ¶ December Day 8 Houre 6 Minute 31. 1594 ¶ October Day 18 Houre 17 Minute 8 1595 ¶ Aprill Day 13 Houre 14 Minute 15 1596 ¶ Aprill Day 2 Houre 7 Minutes 57 1598 ¶ February Day 10 Houre 16 Minute 31 1598 August Day 6 Houre 5 Minute 28. 1599 ¶ Ianuary Day 30 Houre 16 Minute 30 1601 ¶ Nouembre Day 29 Houre 5 Minutes 9 1602 ¶ May. Day 25 Houre 4 Minute 56 1603 ¶ May. Day 14 Houre 10 Minute 39 1603 ¶ Nouember Day 8 Houre 7 Minute 7 1605. ¶ Marche Day 24 Houre 7 Minute 15 1605. ¶ September Day 16 Houre 14 Minute 49 Whan as thou wilt finde the longitude of any Region Country or Uillage by an Eclipse do in this manner Obserue diligently the perfaite time whan as she beginneth to be eclipsed either by some perfait Dial or clock or els by the heighte of some fixed sterre and if the time of hyr beginninge do agree with that whiche thou shalt find here calculated know certainly that thy Meridian and longitud is all one with Norwich but if they differ do in this order Subtract the lesser time from oute of the greater the differēce turn into degrees mi. of the Equinoctial Thē if the time in the beginning of her obscuration be more then that which I haue heare placed adde this difference in degrees and minuts vnto the lōgitude of Norwiche because the place is East from it and you shall haue the perfait lōgitude But and she begin soner with the to be Eclipsed then is here mētioned subtract the difference aforesaid in digrees minuts from the Longitude of Norwiche because thou arte West from it you shal haue the Longitude desired Spou. Howe shall I torne the houres minutes of the day into digrees minutes of th' Equinoctiall Philo. You must giue to euery houre 15. digrees to euery 4. minu of an houre one digr of th' Equinoctial euery minu of an houre 15. minu of th' Equinoctiall as this Table folowyng shall alway declare And nowe I wyll giue you à twofould example Anno. Christi 1558. the second day of Aprill there was à great Eclipse of the Mone so that she was darkened x. pointes well nere began to come vnder the shadowe of th' Earth at Norwich at x. a clock 37. minutes at night as by taking the height of à fixed sterre called the virgins spike did euidently appeare now willing to note mens obseruations in other places I finde that Leouitius Cyprianus in hys boke of Eclipses apoynteth it to begin at Augusta in Ger many 23. min. after xi a clock at night Then to find the longitude of Augusta frō Norwich I subtract x. houres 37. min. frō xi houres 23 min ther remaine 49 minuts A TABLE SERVING TO THE CONuerting the houres and minutes of the day into digrees and minutes of th' Equinoctiall  Th' ark of th' equinoctiall in   Th' arke of th' Equinoctiall in Hou of the day Digre Mi Second  Mi. of hou Digrees Min. Secō Third 1 15 2 30  1 0 15 2 3 2 30 5 0  2 0 30 5 0 3 45 7 30  3 0 45 7 30 4 60 10 0  4 0 0 10 0 5 75 12 30  5 1 15 12 30 6 90 15 0  6 1 30 15 0 7 105 17 30  7 1 45 17 30 8 120 20 0  8 2 0 20 0 9 135 22 30  9 2 15 22 30 10 150 25 0  10 2 30 25 0 11 165 27 30  15 3 45 37 30 12 180 30 0  20 3 0 50 0 13 195 32 30  25 6 16 12 30 14 201 35 0  30 7 31 15 0 15 225 37 30  35 8 46 27 30 16 240 40 0  40 10 1 49 0 17 255 42 30  45 11 17 1 30 18 270 45 0  50 12 32 5 0 19 285 47 30  55 13 48 2 30 20 300 50 0  60 15 2 30 0 21 315 52 30       22 330 55 0       23 345 57 30       24 361 0 0       with which I enter into this tahle finde answeringe to 46. minutes of time 11. degrees 30. minu of th' equinoctiall because that the beginning of the Eclipse is later at Augusta ▪ then at Norwich it sheweth the situation to be East from it Wherfore I adde the difference of time tourned into degrees vnto 22. degrees 30. minu the longitud of Norwich ther ariseth 34. degrees the longitude of Augusta In like manner 1559. the. xvi day of September at 3. of
vs sooner by one houre a halfe then with them and is daye with them after the Sonne is set with vs in like sort one houre xxx minutes Philo. And all this cometh because th' Earth is round causing vs them not to haue one generall Horizont The like reason is to be said of the diuersities of times in the beginning of an Eclipse either of Sonne or Mone As for exāple th' Eclipse of the Mone which was 1556. the 17. day of Nouēber at one of the clocke in the morning with vs at Norwiche for the moste parte of Englande which in the Horizont of Calicut began at vij of the clock In like sort ther shall happē an Eclipse of the Mone in the yeare of Christ our sauior 1562. the 16. daye of Iuly at two of the clocke iiij minutes in the morning at which time she shal be totallie darkened continew from the beginning to th' ende iij. houres and yet th'inhabitauntes at Calicut shall not see anye parte therof whiche moste euidently sheweth the roundnes of th' Earth to be the cause as this Figure here folowing do more plainely set out in which E. signifieth th' Earth A. the East C. the West D. the verticall pointe for Norwich B. in like maner the Zenit of Calicut Wherby it is manifest that the Mone shal be perfitly seperated from the Sonne or she shall appeare in the Horizōt of Calicut And yet we in England diuers other places East shall se bothe beginning ende of her Eclypsing Spoud These are sufficiēt probatiōs to declare th' Earth roūd frō th' East to the West but by what argument can you shewe it to be also rounde from the South to the North Philo. That is very easie to proue For if th' Earth were flat from the South to the North then we should se the south Sterres vnder th' Earth as well as those that be North alway in our sight And againe the Sonne Mone Sterres at midde day through the vniuersal yere should be euer in one height which also is false Spoud Yea for I haue had practise of that thinge saylinge in à shippe for we goynge from th'Equinoctiall Line northwarde did see the North south Poles equall with the Water But directing our course more to the north coast leauing th'Equinoctial we reared the north starre in short space xij degr at lēgth 30. deg loking south we could not se the southe Pole nor yet many other sterres which in th'Equinoctial were visible to vs. Phi. Yea wher your north starre was eleuated xxx degrees your south Pole was xxx degrees depressed in like maner But for the firmer fixynge it in your memory behould this Figure in the which C. signifieth both th' Earth and water A. the north Pole B. the south therefore if one go from B. to A the earth being roūd he must haue B. so muche vnder him as A is aboue his Horizōt There are besides these many sūdry reasons to proue this thing which I may omit as I suppose to you which nede no lenger probatiō in that whiche is most manifest Spo. Yet theis argumēts shall not onely stay my mind in à trueth but also with the same I shal cō fute th'errors of other if any shal spring about this matter Phil. Then I wyll exhort you wher these shall not seme sufficient you will gather more stronger out of Ptolomaeus Almegiste Cleomedes de mundo Philo de mundo Aristotle Erasmus Reignholt Orontius Hic canet errantē Lunam Solisque labores Arcturūque pluuiasque hyad gēinosque triōes Iohn de Sacrobosco oure countreyman master Recorde which doeth almost repete all their argumentes in the Castell of knowledge And nowe behold the Type of the world conteinyng in it as well the heauenly Regiō with suche Spheres Circles as haue bene in sundry partes before set forth in this treatise as also th'Elementarie region comprehendyng the Fier Aëre Water Earth in suche order forme as is cōsonant agreyng both with Reason Practise and Authoritie of most approued authors And for this time we will depart for beholde the Sonne is gone to rest Hesperus do shewe in the West verie brighte all other liuynge thinges also do apply them to take rest therfore let vs go downe this Hill into the Citie refreshyng our selues quickening memorie to morow I wil mete you in this same place agayne Spoud I thanke you hertly Philoni Let me here you can repete the summe of such thinges as we haue taken in hande this day as we walke downeward Spoud With à right good wyll 1 Firste you shewed me what Cosmographie was what Geographie and what Chorographie yea and wherein euery of them differeth from other 2 Next what the world was with his partes that is to saye the Heauenly Region Elementary with à briefe Discourse touchinge the Partes and order of the Heauenly Region 3 Thyrdly what a Sphere is howe it is deuided into a Right and Croked Sphere And howe it differeth from a Cirle 4 Forthly what a Center was what an Axe tree what a Diameter and of theyr difference 5 Fiftlye of the Principall Circles whiche are saide to be in this Sphere As the Horizont Meridian Aequinoctiall Zodiake two Colures the two Tropickes the Circles Arcticke and Antarctick Also that the Horizont and Meridian Circles be stable and without motiō with diuers other thinges herto belonging 6 Last you proceded to the second part of the world which is th' Elementarie Region In which you refuted sundry opinions touching the forme of th' Earth Philo. Nowe I perceiue bothe your apte nature in conceiuing such thinges as are spoken also your firme memory in reteining the same Wherefore you shall encourage me to geue you further instructions But for this time I must bid you fare well Spou. God preserue you graunt you life to accomplishe your desire in profiting your countrey as you do entende Amen THE SECONDE BOOKE OF the Cosmographicall Glasse in which is plainly expressed the Order and Number of Zones Paralleles and Climates Also sundry waies for th'exacte findyng out of the Meridiane Line The Longitude Latitude of places with many other preceptes belongyng to the making of a Carte or Mappe Spoudaeus MORPHEVS THE God of dreames with his slepie rodde so much this last night frequented my companie that my bodye taking rest my mind was much more busilie traueling in such conclusions as I had learnid of Philonicus thē it was in the time of his teaching For some time Morphêus shewed me the Sonne in the tropicke of Capricorne farre in the South among the cloudye skies as he comenly is the. 13. day of December And next he appered in th' Equinoctiall pointes as it is the tenth daye of March and the. 14. of Septēb willing me with great di ligēs to note that parallele circle Shortly after the sōne appeared in the tropicke of
â—…5 36 48 85 41 294 15 11 308 40 11 13 16 11 39 41 12 56 40 28 56 38 15 88 57 322 57 12 282 16 12 12 10 12 45 42 45 57 38 57 57 39 45 92 23 357 35 13 259 53 13 11 5 13 51 44 21 58 37 29 58 41 16 96 1 400 16 14 240 38 14 10 0 14 57 46 0 59 36 3 59 42 50 99 51 454 12 15 223 55 15 8 56 16 4 47 41 60 34 38 60 44 26 103 54 524 34 16 209 14 16 7 52 17 12 49 24 61 33 15 61 46 5 108 14 620 17 17 196 15 17 6 48 18 20 51 11 62 31 54 62 47 46 112 50 758 8 18 184 39 18 5 45 19 29 53 2 63 30 34 63 49 30 117 45 974 1 19 174 15 19 4 42 20 39 54 56 64 29 15 64 51 17 123 0 1360 36 20 164 50 20 3 38 21 50 56 53 65 27 58 65 53 8 128 39 2253 44 21 156 18 21 2 35 23 2 58 54 66 26 43 66 55 1 134 45 6547 56 22 148 30 22 1 32 24 14 61 0 67 25 28 67 56 59 141 21 Infinite 23 141 21 23 0 29 25 28 63 10 68 24 14 68 59 1 148 30 numbre 24 134 45 24 0 33 26 43 65 25 69 23 2 69 61 6 156 18  25 128 39 25 1 36 27 58 67 45 70 21 50 70 63 17 164 50  26 123 0 26 2 38 29 15 70 11 71 20 39 71 65 32 174 15  27 117 45 27 3 41 30 34 72 43 72 19 29 72 67 52 184 39  28 112 50 28 4 44 31 54 75 21 73 18 20 73 70 18 196 15  29 118 14 29 5 48 33 15 78 7 74 17 12 74 72 51 209 14  30 113 54 30 6 52 34 38 81 0 75 16 4 75 75 29 223 55  31 99 51 31 7 56 36 3 84 2 76 14 57 76 78 15 240 38  32 96 1 32 9 0 37 20 87 13 77 13 51 77 81 9 259 53  33 92 23 33 10 4 38 57 90 34 78 12 45 78 84 11 282 16  34 88 57 34 11 8 40 28 94 5 79 11 39 79 87 23 308 40  35 85 41 35 12 14 42 1 97 49 80 10 34 80 90 44 340 16  36 82 34 36 13 19 43 35 101 45 81 9 30 81 94 16 378 49  37 79 37 37 14 25 45 12 105 56 82 8 26 82 98 0 426 55  38 76 48 38 15 32 46 52 110 23 83 7 22 83 101 58 488 39  39 74 5 39 16 40 48 35 115 8 84 6 18 84 106 9 570 51  40 71 30 40 17 48 50 20 120 11 85 5 15 85 110 37 685 48  41 69 1 41 18 57 52 9 125 39 86 4 11 86 115 23 858 2  42 66 38 42 20 6 54 1 131 30 87 3 8 87 120 28 1144 52  43 64 28 43 21 16 55 57 137 49 88 2 5 88 125 56 1718 10  44 62 8 44 22 27 57 56 144 40 89 1 3 89 131 48 3437 24  45 60 0 45 23 39 60 0 152 7 90 0 0 0 138 9 Infinite  Ther may many coÌ„clusions by this table be wrought as you shal know or we depart but now let vs furder proced coÌ„cerninge our talke of zones in which you must coÌ„sider that these zones of which we haue intreated ar deuided into climates regions Spo. How doth à climatand à zone differ they both wer for this cause first inuented to make diuision of the face of th' earth into soÌ„dry parts Philo. I confesse no lesse but they differ in this poynt that à Zone doth in it coÌ„tain the fift portioÌ„ of th' earth and à climate but only so much of th' earth the loÌ„gest day in that place do differ from th' equinoctial xxx minutes or half an hour and are named vii in numbre of all th' auncient Geographers Spoud Then the first climate shal be in latitude xvi degrees xliiij minutes from th' equinoctiall and the loÌ„gest day shall excede xij houres whiche is the quantitie of the daye vnder th' equinoctiall one houre for so saithe Ptolomaeus Philon. It is true but heare you muste consider that Ptolomaeus deuideth euery climate in iiij equall portions nameth them Paralleles euery one of them coÌ„teining in latitude iiij degrees xviij min. incresing the quantity of the longest day xv minutes so that Ptolomaeus making the first climate xvi degrees xliiij min. in Latitude from th' equinoctiall meaneth the middes and not the beginning of the climate Spou. I praye you or we anye further proceade shewe me the signification of a Parallele Philo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greke whiche we also do call à Parallele is à Circle equally distaunt from that which is drawne next him and are described by the course of the sonne and starres of which the greatest is th' equinoctial for that he is furdest froÌ„ the Poles so that the nerer the poles the lesse is the parallele and the number of them Ptolomaeus maketh xxj as in this figure in which I haue made xxj paralleles froÌ„ th' equinoctiall vnto both the poles Arctike Antarctike and now to our matter againe from whence we did digresse You shall consider that euerye Climate hathe à proper name for the suerer difference of one from an other taketh his name of some notable Citye Mountaine or Riuer ouer which the mids of that Climate is drawn As for example The middes of the firste Climate goeth ouer a notable Ilande of Nilus called Meroë of that we name it Dia Meroes that is the climat going ouer Meroë The seconde Climat is called Dia Syënes of a citye in Egipt called Syënes The middes of the thirde climate is drawen ouer Alexandria an other Citye also in Egipt therfore called Dialexandrias The fourth goth ouer th' Iland of the Rodes now in subiection to the great Turke and is named Diarhodou The fift climate Dia Romes going ouer Rome somtime the head of the world at this preset the sinck of sin The sixte Climate is named Dia Pontou because it goeth ouer the Pontike seas named Euxinus The seuenth is draweÌ„ by Boristhenes a Citye so called therefore named Diaboristheneos not by the Riâ—…hean Mountanes as the vnlerned sort suppose seing that they ar at the lest x. deg froÌ„ this climate distaunte Spou. And what was the cause that they described no places beyoÌ„d the. 7. climate seing that ther are many inhabitaÌ„ts as by your words do appeare wher you made mention of the habitable places in th' earth Philo. It was ether because they supposed those places scaÌ„t or with muche paines habitable for th' extreme cold or els that they knew not the parts North froÌ„ theÌ„ situated as now we do Spou. And do they not make mention of
7 7 53 5 7 42 4 18 6 59 5 1 6 9 5 51 5 16 6 44 4 31 7 29 4 5 7 55 10 7 36 4 24 6 50 5 10 6 0 6 0 5 8 6 52 4 25 7 35 4 4 7 56 15 7 30 4 30 6 42 5 18 5 51 6 9 5 0 7 0 4 9 7 41 4 4 7 56 20 7 24 4 26 6 34 5 26 5 42 6 18 4 51 7 9 4 14 7 46 4 6 7 54 25 7 17 4 43 6 24 5 36 5 34 6 26 4 43 7 17 4 11 7 49 4 9 7 51  Iulius August September October Nouember December Da. of the moÌ„ Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do  H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. 1 4 12 7 48 4 48 7 12 5 39 6 21 6 32 5 28 7 22 4 38 7 53 4 7 5 4 15 7 45 4 55 7 5 5 46 6 14 6 39 5 21 7 28 4 32 7 55 4 5 10 4 20 7 49 5 3 6 57 5 54 6 6 6 47 5 13 7 34 4 26 7 56 4 4 15 4 26 7 34 5 11 6 49 6 4 5 56 6 55 5 5 7 40 4 20 7 55 4 5 20 4 32 7 28 5 18 6 42 6 13 5 47 7 4 4 56 7 45 4 15 7 54 4 6 25 4 38 7 22 5 26 6 34 6 21 5 39 7 12 4 48 7 49 4 11 7 51 4 9 First you shall seke out the Monthe in this table with his day which if it be not there expressed take that whiche is next it And it shall shewe you what time the sonne setteth after seke out th'age of the Mone by th'Epacte or otherwise against that number in this table intituled the time that the mone shineth c. You shal find houres minutes which adde to the going down of the sonne that nomber shall manifestly declare how long she is aboue th'Earthe as for example The. xx daye of Marche 1559. the Mone is xj daies olde against which number in the Table of hyr shining I finde viij houres 48. minutes TheÌ„ do I loke at what tyme the sonne setteth the. xx day of March find it at vi of the clocke xviij minutes These I adde together and the numbre is xv hours vi minutes so that the mone sheweth vnto iii. of the clocke in the morning vi minutes after heare you muste note that before the Full after the chaunge she shineth presently the sonne beinge set But after the Full mone you shall subtract oute of the sonnes rising so many hours minuts as you finde in th'age of the mone the remanent shal shew when as she do rise as for example The xxvij day of March the moone is xviij daies old the time of hir shining is x. houres xxiiij minutes the sonne riseth that day at v. of the clock xxx minutes Now subtract the shining of the Mone out of the sonnes rising there remaine vii houres vi minuts the time whan as the Mone shall shew her selfe aboue the Horizont A TABLE SHEVVING HOVVE LONG the Moone shineth in our Horizont Th' age of the Mone The time she shineth Th' age of the Mone The time she shineth  Dayes Hovr Min. Dayes Hour Min.  1 0 48 16 12 0  2 1 36 17 11 12  3 2 24 18 10 24  4 3 12 19 9 36  5 4 0 20 8 48  6 4 48 21 8 0  7 5 36 22 7 12  8 6 24 23 6 24  9 7 12 24 5 36  10 8 0 25 4 48  11 8 48 26 4 0  12 9 36 27 3 12  13 10 24 28 2 24  14 11 12 29 1 36  15 12 0 30 0 48  Spoudaeus There yet remain to set out at what time daily ebbing and flowing shal be in euery cost or you furder proceade for you haue declared the diuision of the seas with the cause of the springe and ebbe tides also of dailye ebbinge and flowinge moreouer the age of the Mone and how long she shineth â–ª wherby I can coniecture the tides aforesaid nowe therfore if you do instructe me wherby I may know the perfect time of Ebbinge and Flowinge then you maye with other thynges at your pleasure proceade Philon. That you may do without any labour or studye if you do but only know what Mone in that coaste make ful seas which thinge this Table folowynge shall leade you vnto in which I haue placed the principall townes on this shore of England of other costes with the Mone that in euerye one of them make full seas FVLL SE AS IN THESE PLACES FOlâ—…wynge by the coste of the Moone as whan she is at London S. VV. Graues ende S. VV. S. Poperelle S. Landes ende S. E. Marget S. S. E. Gulles S. VV Sandwich S. E. S. Douer S. E. S. Rhie S. S. E. Porchmouth S. Portland S. E. Dartmot VV. S. Plumot VV. S. Famot VV. S. Mous bay VV. Scilli VV. S. Milford VV. S. The lands end at Gulf. VV. S. VV And all the coastes vp to bristow yea and the coastes of Irlande froÌ„ VVaterforde vnto HoldheÌ„de of Kinssael w. S. Calys S. S. E. Boleyne S. S. E. Depe S. E. S. New Hauen S. E. S. The coast of Lions S. s. w. Conquit S. w. Al the coast à long till you come to Poell head S. w. From Poell head til you come to the streit of Malgate S. w. Grauelin S. E. Dunkerk S. E. Hoste Ende S. S. w. Blanke Borow S. S. w. Sluse S. s. w. Ramkinse s. s. w. At Anwerpe E. Newporte s. s. w. Harwich s. s. E. Yermouth s. E. All the coast à longe to VVintertone s. E. Humber E. Scarborrow and à longe the coast to Newcastell s. w. Castell s. s. w. Holly Ilande s. s. w. Barwike s. s. w. South HaÌ„pton S. Blacke Deppes S. Redde Bancke S. Tyne Mouth s. w. Hartle Poule w. S. w. Feylene VV. S. Spo. This I vnderstande very well Phi. Then when you will learne the time that it shall be full sea seke out the towne with the coast of the mone After enter into this table hauing th'age of the mone there stay your finger Then seke in the hier or lower part of the Table for suche a coast as you founde writen To the Reader Heare should come into this Page frendly Reader the table of the Mones ebbinge and flowinge but because the space is not sufficient you shall finde it in an open sheet whiche must here to be annexid A PROFIT ABE TABLE FOR FINDINGE OVT EBBES AND FLVDDES IN THE COASTES of Englande Scotlande Irelande Duchelande and Fraunce THE COATSES OF THE MOONE BEFORE the Full after the Chaunge Th' age of the Mone East East
I wyll shewe you in the tyme of Ptolomaeus as his workes do testifie the sonnes greatest declination from th'equinoctiall was xxiij degrees lj minutes and xxx secondes Almaeon found it .xxiij. degrees .xxxiij. mynutes and .xxx. secondes Iohannes de monte Regio tried it to be .23 and but .30 minutes And George Pour bachius .23 degr .28 mi. which agreeth with our time Spoud This diuersitie of obseruatioÌ„ may arise rather of the instrumentes not exactly made then that he do so vary in his declination Philo. Nay verely I attribute the cause here of vnto that mouing of the heaueÌ„ which is called of Tebitius Alfonsus motus trepidationis Spoud How may I finde this varietie of declination by myne owne diligence Philo. Although it vary not in a mans lyfe any thing sensible yet because you may both know the obseruing of it exactly and also teache other that hereafter shal lerne as you are now instructed your selfe I wil in fewe wordes open the whole labour Take a quadrant the making of whiche you shal see among the other instrumentes and and set it directly vpright vpon some playne in the meridian lyne the finding of whiche you shal see in the next treatise and is here marked A. B. as also C. A. dore present the zenit or verticall point then rayse vp and downe the ruler hauing two sight holes made in it vnto the sonne whan as he is in the meridian line and obserue diligeÌ„tly that height in the circle of degrees noted in your quadrant froÌ„ B. to C. the .xi. or .xii. day of DeceÌ„ber which is B. D. vntill you finde he goeth no lower and againe in like case the .xi. or .xij. of Iune vntyll you perceiue he increaseth nothinge in height and is noted here B. E. and so the distaunce of D. E. is the distaunce of the .ij. tropick Circles Spoud What meane you by those tropick circles Philo. You shall knowe our conclusion ended This distaunce in our dayes is founde .46 degrees .56 minutes which beyng parted in two equall parts reconed from th' Equinoctiall B. F. sheweth the Sonnes greatest declination Northwarde from the forsaid Circle 23. degrees .28 minutes And in like case Southwarde in Winter And thus shall you alwaies find his declination Spoud This rule will I put in practise whan the tyme of the yeare doeth insewe Phil. Well now behold this table of DeclinatioÌ„ which shall serue thy vse more largely theÌ„ Orontius or D. Recordes Table is not so proplixe as E. Reignholdes A TABLE OF DECLINATION of th' Ecliptike in Degrees Minutes SecoÌ„des from th' Equi noctiall answeryng to the Sonnes greatest DeclinatioÌ„ .23 Deg. 28. Minu. Degrees Aries ♈ DiffereÌ„ Taurus ♉ DiffereÌ„ Gemini ♊ DiffereÌ„   Libra ♎  Scorpius â™ Â Sagittarius â™ Â Â Deg. Mi. Deg. Mi. Se. Mi. Se. Deg. Mi. Se. Mi. Se. De. Mi. Se. Mi. Se. De. Mi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 14 48   20 36 15   30 0 0 20 0 8 41   12 21 17   20 40 2   29 40 0 40 0 17 22   12 29 6   20 43 47   29 20 1 0 0 26 2   12 26 12 14 1 20 47 29   29 0 1 20 0 34 43   12 43 16   20 51 8   28 40 1 40 0 43 24   12 50 18   20 54 45   28 20 2 0 0 52 4   12 57 19   20 58 20   28 0 2 20 1 0 45 1 9 13 4 17   21 1 52 22 1 27 40 2 40 1 9 26   13 11 14   21 5 21   27 20 3 0 1 18 6   13 18 10   21 8 48   27 0 3 20 1 26 46   13 25 3   21 12 12   26 40 3 40 1 65 25   13 31 54   21 15 34   26 20 4 0 1 44 5   13 â—…8 42 15 6 21 18 54   26 0 4 20 1 52 43   13 45 28   21 22 11   25 40 4 40 2 1 22 2 19 13 52 13   21 25 25   25 20 5 0 2 10 〈◊〉   13 58 57   21 28 37   25 0 5 20 2 18 39   14 5 37   21 31 46   24 40 5 40 2 27 17   14 12 16   21 34 53   24 20 6 0 2 35 53   14 18 53   21 37 58   24 0 6 20 2 44 30 3 9 14 25 27   21 40 59   23 40 6 40 2 53 6   14 31 59 16 0 21 43 58   23 20 7 0 3 1 42   14 38 31   21 46 56   23 0 7 20 3 10 17   14 44 59   21 49 51   22 40 7 40 3 18 52   14 51 25   21 52 42   22 20 8 0 3 27 27   14 57 50   21 55 31   22 0 8 20 3 36 0 4 8 15 4 12   21 58 17   21 40 8 40 3 44 33   15 10 32   22 1 1   21 20 9 0 3 53 6   15 16 49   22 3 43   21 0 9 20 4 1 38   15 23 4   22 6 22   20 40 9 40 4 10 9   15 29 18   22 8 59   20 20 10 0 4 18 40   15 35 30 17 2 22 11 33   20 0 10 20 4 27 10 5 6 15 41 39   22 14 4 23 1 19 40 10 40 4 35 38   15 47 46   22 16 33   19 20 11 0 4 47 7   15 53 51   22 19 0   19 0 11 20 4 52 34   15 59 53   22 21 24   18 40 11 40 5 1 1   16 5 53   22 23 45   18 20 12 0 5 9 27   16 11 52   22 26 4   18 0 12 20 5 17 51 6 4 16 17 47   22 28 20   17 40 12 40 5 26 15   16 23 41   22 30 34   17 20 13 0 5 34 39   16 29 33   22 32 45   17 0 13 20 5 43 1   16 35 22 18 1 22 34 54   16 40 13 40 5 51 23   16 41 9   22 37 0   16 20 14 0 5 59 43   16 46 53 Â
be x. daies in length I haue receiued suche pleasure in youre instructions But sence the Sonne sumwhat declineth to the weste Ocian I will giue diligent eare vnto your wordes for the short time ther is yet remaining Phil. I reioyse much to vnderstand your feruent desire to knowledge which I will to my vttermost furder And now touching th' Earth consider you that she is lowest of all Elementes blacke ponderous and round inuironid and inclosed within th' other thre She is called the mother of fruites the roote of all plantes the norishe of lyuing creatures the foundation of all buildinges the sepulchre of the dead the Center of the beautifull frame of the world the matter and substaunce of mans body and the receptakle of heauenly influence She is also garnished with fragrāt flowres of Man Beast and Foule inhabited and comfortablie quickened by the norishing beames of the Sōne Mone Planetes and fixed Sterres But you shall note for all that here is spoken that there is great controuersie touching th'Earthes fourme which must be descidid and put away or we can safely procede further As th'opinions of those which affirme th' Earth not to be rounde like à Globe or Boule Those that affirme it to be of pyller forme Those that will not haue it to be the Center of the heauen Those that suppose the Earth to moue with other like But the greatest of all is the errour of those that speake againste the roundnes of th' Earth Wherfore I will touche it principallye whiche thing done th' other are manifest of them selues Spoud You enter into that question in whiche of all other I desire moste especiallie to be satisfied for I also am in that errour if it be an errour to say th' earth is not rounde Philo. Bring forth suche reasons than as inforseth you so to iudge and I will answere them Spou. It semeth sufficient to credit th' Earth not to be round if we consider the greate deepe valleis that are in it the Cities Towres Castels and Trees with suche like placed vpon the face of the Earth but moste of all the hougie and hie Mountaines and Hilles Of whiche some of them are supposed to be 60. miles in height As the Hille in th'Iland Teneriffa whiche Ptolomaeus nameth one of the fortunate Ilandes and is beyonde Hercules Pillers Also an other in Thessalia called of Solinus Olimpus beyng of suche height that the ashes ther daies of Sacrifice beynge ended remaine à whole yeare in the toppe of the same not moued with troublous tēpestes or vehement blastes but thorow his great height is free from all violence of windes What shall I speake of the Hill Caucasus which diuideth Albania Colchis from Sermatia as doth appeare in the seconde Table of Asia in Ptolomaeus Geographie which Aristotle doth esteme to be of such hight that it may be sene at the mouth of the riuer maeotis The distaunce of which is from theforsaid Hill 620. English miles Moreouer you shall see no place but either flat or els full of Hylles Dales Valeis or suche like whiche is farre from â Globe forme figure Phil. Yet do all these wordes nothing cōclude Do you not cōsider that the sight is deceiued in thinges from it farre distaunt And therfore I will in fewe wordes answere you that these Hilles Mountaines Vallies are no more in quantitie respect beyng had to the whole Earth thē the Pittes holes of à rough polished Gūstone to the stone whiche although it be not smoth yet it argueth nothing lesse then this gunstone not to be roūde like a Globe in fourme yea then the bodye of the Earth beyng a rough stone harde not so apt to be polished as the body of the Water doth remaine with such vallies Hilles as you haue saide in manye places these vallies ar filled with water to the more apt proportiō of à Globe Moreouer Nature cōsidering the necessitie of th'inhabitauntes in this Center left suche fourme vnto it as might for ther vse most cōueniently serue Spou. For what cause suppose you th' Earth to be à stone Philo. If it were not à stone but Sande or Clay in substaunce then the water being mixt with it they both should be cōfounded in them selues yea the hie Hilles Moūtaines of which you made mentiō shoulde sinke settle downe to the Center of th' Earth seynge they are so ponderous heauie not be sustained borne vp as they are in the face of th' Earth But for the further cōfirminge you in that which is spoken aunswere me Imagine there were à great rounde trunke of Timber which went thorow the whole Earth directly by the Center then there were à great heauie stone put in at this Trūke how farre suppose you this stone should descende Spoud Vntill the center of th' Earth myddes of the Trunke Philo. In like case if th' earth were not an hard stonie substaunce but Clay or Sāde as to our sightes doth appeare these Hilles rockes beyng much heauier then any stone should in like sort go to the Cēter of th' earth But haue you any other doubtes Spou. Yea verely that is th' Earth to be flat Philo. What prouoketh you so to iudge Spou. This reason that th' Earth must be in forme most agreable to the Heauens And that the Heauēs be flat I can proue by th' authoritie of Lactantius Firmianus Philoni It is truely said that knowledge hath no enemie but ignoraunce There are nowe at these daies no small numbre of Lactantius sort not scrupulous enemies onely but also Physicians of whome I am ashamed to speake they do contempne that knowledge whiche is the greatest suerist token of Gods prouidence for mankind either by peruerse interpreting the scripture or els of mere follie dispisinge that of whiche they neuer tasted are vtterly ignorant in But such wer very ill to be Iudges for they would condemne the man or they knew the crime of whiche he were accused but let that passe As touchyng your opinion that th' Earth is flat I will proue it to be rounde from th' East to the West and in like maner from the North to the South Spou. Then must I nedes graūt that it is in like sorte rounde in all partes Philon. I wyll vse the same argumētes that Cleomedes doeth If th' Earth were flat then the sterres should rise at the same moment to vs that they do to them whiche dwell in th' East parts of the world it should be mid-day with vs them at one instaunt yea the same Starres should set in the Weast in lyke maner with thē and vs. Spoud That they do not I am most sure for at Alexādria à citie in Egipt it is day iij. houres sooner then with vs night in like sorte Yea at Compostell in Spaine which is West from vs the daye begynneth with
their diuersitie â–ª yea and the place serueth aptly for it or we do further procede Wherfore I require you to turne our coÌ„municatioÌ„ to this matter Phi. With a right willing mind You must first vnderstaÌ„d that of the diuersitie of shadowes ther ar iij. diuers distinct habitatioÌ„s of people found that is to say 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiche names also the latinest vse Amphiscij Heteroscij Periscij we waÌ„t apt English termes for them yet I will make it plain thoughe I vse the more wordes And first I wil speke of those which we call Amphiscij You do marke wel that the sonnes course recourse continuallie in the Zodiak maketh the shadow long and short Spou. I know that well and the nerer he cometh toward vs the shorter is the shadow and the furder he goeth froÌ„ vs the loÌ„ger he geueth a shadow Philo. It is so as you say But how thinke you is ther not some place that hath no shadow Spoud There can be no such Philo. If the greatest declination of the Sonne from th'Equinoctiall nere to the zenit ver ticall poynt make the shadow shortest that can be in thy region then where he goeth ouer any zenit there muste be no shadow Spou. It should seme to follow Phil. Yea it muste of necessitie so be Spoud But where is there any such ouer whose heades the SoÌ„ne directly goeth Philo. Suche be those that dwell in the burning Zone which as I said is betwixt the two Tropikes so that when the Sonne is in the beginning of Aries and Libra they haue no shadowe and therefore Plinius calleth theÌ„ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ascij or people withoute shadow And because he is twise yerely in these poynts thei haue two sommers and in like case two winters for that he declineth to the Tropikes of Cancer and Capricorne Wherfore Lucanus spake of such inhabitants very aptly in this these verses following Depraensum est hunc esse locum quo circulus alti Zolstitii medium signorum percutit orbem This is the place where th'Equinoctiall diuides The Zodiake in twaine causinge two Somer tides Spoud I remember that Ptolomaeus in his Almegist maketh mention of such inhabitantes and nameth also such as dwel vnder the tropikes Ascij but yet I shuld not haue called it to mind if you had not geueÌ„ th'occatioÌ„ Philo. Yet thys people whan as the sonne declyneth Northward from them haue a shadow which shadow falleth at none stede directlye southe for of other shadowes I make no accompte Spoud It must neades so be for the soÌ„ne is North froÌ„ that thing which geueth the shadowe Philon. And whan the sonne is in the winter poynt vnto what coste do the shadowe decline Spoud It shall fall directly North by the reason of you aleaged Philo. Here then you se the cause wher of these inhabitauntes were called Amphiscij and we maye call them double or two folde shadowed Spou. I vnderstand your meaning Philon. The second be those which haue the shadow continuallye toward one coste ether North or South Spou. Then we be in the numbre of those for we haue oure shadow directly North. Phi. And such be those that dwel in th' opposite place of th' earth against vs therfore called Antipodes For the so ne neuer comminge ouer their zenit they haue the shadow into the South coste perpetually declining as we haue into the Northe Spou. This muste nedes be certainly true but yet I do much meruaile therat Phil. What so euer is rare and not commonly sene and hard is euer meruelous And the Arabians commynge into Europe meruailed as muche to see the shadowe Northwarde as you do to here it is declined with the aforesaid inhabitants toward the South cost therfore Lucanus speaketh of them in this sort Ignotum vobis Arabes venistis in orbem Vmbras mirati nemorum non iri sinistras â–ª A Region vnknowne Arabians you finde Musing that the shadow is still North declinde Spou. There remaineth yet to speke of the thirde sort of people which you named Periscij Phil. They toke that name because thei dwelling within the circles arctike Antarctike haue the shadow going round about the Horizont Spou. But yet the shadowe moueth not so swiftlye aboute th' Earth with them as it doeth with vs and those you call Amphiscios for wyth vs it goeth about from the West by the Northe so to the East in the space that the sonne is in oure Hemisphere aboue th' earth whiche at the most is in xvij houres Phi. It is so Spou. TheÌ„ seing the sonne goeth not out of ther sight for the space of 182. dais xij hours whiche is there continuall daye then it should go aboute the horizont but in that loÌ„g place Phi. That is false For how think you doth not the sonne circuit th' earth in xxiiij houres continuallye Spou. Yes verely Phil. TheÌ„ doth the shadow go about their HorizoÌ„t in the same space of time except you imagin those Periscios to dwel without the circuit of th' earth Spo. That were a poynt of demency or madnes so that as ofteÌ„ as he circuith th' earth so ofteÌ„ in lik case do ther shadow turne about the place of their horizont which must neades be 182 times Phi. I am glad you vnderstand the reasoÌ„ of it and now behold the table of shadowes A TABLE OF SHADOVVES SHEVVING THEIR PROPORTION VNTO THE GNOMON it beyng deuided in 60. partes for euery degree of the Sonnes altitude and also the quantie of the Shadow in euery Country Region City thorowe the vniuersall Earthe whan the Sonne is in the Aequinoctiall and Solsticiall poyntes The Sonnes Altitude The Sha dow Th' eleuatioÌ„ of the Pole Shadow solstitial in somer Aequinoctiall Shadow Shadow Solsticiall in wiÌ„ The Sonnes Altitude The Sha dow Th' eleuatioÌ„ of the Pole Shadow Solsticial in SoÌ„ Aequinoctiall Shadow Shadow Solstitial in wiÌ„ par MiÌ„  par MiÌ„ par MiÌ„ par MiÌ„  par MiÌ„  par MiÌ„ par MiÌ„ par MiÌ„ 1 3437 24 1 24 49 1 3 27 18 46 57 56 46 24 53 62 8 160 16 2 1718 10 2 23 36 2 5 28 35 47 55 57 47 26 7 64 20 169 12 3 1144 52 3 22 24 3 8 29 53 48 54 1 48 27 22 66 38 179 4 4 858 2 4 21 13 4 11 31 12 49 52 9 49 28 39 69 1 190 0 5 685 48 5 20 3 5 15 32 32 50 50 20 50 29 56 71 30 202 14 6 570 51 6 18 53 6 18 33 54 51 48 35 51 3â—… 15 74 5 216 0 7 488 39 7 17 44 7 22 35 18 52 46 52 52 32 37 76 48 231 35 8 426 55 8 16 36 8 26 36 44 53 45 12 53 33 59 79 37 249 26 9 378 49 9 15 29 9 30 38 11 54 43 35 54 35 23 82 34 270 5 10 340 16 10 â—…4 22 10 34 39 40 55 42 1
you drawing from the center to the circumference a straight line shal haue your own desire Other willing to exchew the tediousnes of time in obseruation do prouide a Plate of Meatall well pullished or some thick planke smothe and plained in whiche is drawne à circle as in th' other aforsaid with a Wyer or like thynge set vp right in the center and do diligently before none obserue whan the shadow of the Wier in length is equall with the circumference and at th' end of it make à prick In like sorte after noone whan as the shadowe commeth vnto the circumference and make there also à prick thē with the compasse deuide the space betwixte these two prickes in the middes and make there à note or pricke after draw à right line from the center to that middle pricke and it shall alwaye shewe the whan as the sonne is in the meridian or middaye line for that eleuation of the Pole as in this example A. Is the Center B. E. C. F. the Circle drawne in the planke or plate of metall A. D. the Gnomon or thing which geueth the shadowe AE the shadowe before Noone A. F. the shadow after none nowe deuidinge the space E. F. in the middes whiche is C. and drawne à righte line from A. beinge the Center vnto C. and that is the true Meridian line Spoudeus This way semeth muche easier and facile then the other Philo. Yea and it is also as certaine as th' other and it was inuented as I suppose of Iohannes de monte regio or Vitruuius But Uernerus vseth no other way to find oute thys Line then onelye a Diall hauinge à perfaite nedle placinge it on some plaine and smothe place whan the nedle standeth stedfastlye in the righte Line wythin the Diall it dothe as it were poynte directlye North and South Spoud This waye in my iudgement doeth excell all the rest both for the easines therof also which you can not do by th' other that you maye by it finde the Meridiane or middaye Line at all tymes bothe daye nyght houre Phil. You may so but the neadle doeth sometime erre from right north south as hathe bene obserued I will shew you in the treatise of Nauigation Yea how you shall also correct your neadle but I also haue inuented two waies the first is I make a plaine roūde plate in the mids of which I fix à ruler hauing two sightes to loke thorow then whē the sonne risith halfe aboue the Horizont half vnder I placing my Instrument flat on th' earth do direct the ruler vnto the same so that I may see him thorow the sightes then my ruler not moued I drawe with à Chalke or like thing à right lyne frō the Center vnto the Sōne whan the Sōne goeth down I do in like maner drawe an other Line then I drawe à right Line from the Line of his rising vnto the Line of his goynge downe diuide this Line in the middes after I drawe a right Line from the Center vnto the middes of the ouerwart Line thē I fixe in the Center an vpright wier the shadow of whiche at all times shall shewe when as the Sonne is in the Meridiane Line in that habitation but or we further procede I wyll giue you hereof an example in which I do make A. for the Center then putting vpon it à wyer or pricke I do fasten the ruler ther on this beyng done I place my instrumēt flat applie the ruler with his sightes G. F. vnto the Sōne drawe there à Line A. D. in like sorte whan he is goyng downe make an other Line A. C. then I draw à right Line from C. vnto D. which I diuide in the middes E. crosse it with à Line A. B. which is the Line at midday But in place where I cannot haue this or other like instrmēt whē as I se the sōne to draw very nere the south I pricke vpright in the groūde à knife or such like thīg markīg diligētly how lōg the shadow doth decrease whā as I perceaue it decreaseth no more but rather waxe longe againe I drawe à line from my knife to the shadow which serueth for the Meridian line Spoud I thancke you sir for this your gentlenesse in beating these things into my grose and dulhed And I wil put them all in practise whan conuenient time shal serue but in the night I mīding to take the true height of anye Planet or fixed sterre in the nonestead lyne what ordre shall I obserue for then there is no shadowe which will do pleasure Philo. Therfore wyth some Quadrāt Astrolabe or Ptolomaeus ruler the fation of whiche I do here place and the makinge you shall finde amonge th' other Instrumentes and marke what hys It is made of 3. peaces beyng 4. square As in the Picture where A. F. is the first peace or rule A. D. The seconde G. D. the third rule E. The Foote of the staffe C. F. The Plumrule C. B. The ioyntes in which the second third Rulers are moued K. L. The sighte holes I. The Sonne H. The Zenit or ver ticall pointe M. N. The Noonestead Lyne altitude is then you may staye a season after à while obserue his hight again and so from time to time vntill he increase no hier which is a perfect token that then he is in the Meridian line The same you maye do also with the sonne And for that nightlye trauell hearein semeth somwhat combrous and painfull behold here is a Table of the sonnes height for euery degree of the signes in the Zodiake his greatest declination being 23. degrees 28. minutes and th' eleuation of the Pole arctike aboue the Horizont 52. degrees 10. minutes As concerning the vse of the Table I wil speke nothing but will reserue it for his due place only admonishing you at this present that first you finde out the place of the Zodiake in signes and degrees by some Ephemerides or out of my tables in the Gazophilaciō Astronomicum then loke in the ouerpart of the Table and if that signe be there mensioned descend downward in the first columne finde out also the degre and directly against it shalt thou haue the sonnes Meridian altitude But and the signe be found in the lower part of the Table then you shall serch out his degre in the last column and against it toward the left hand you shal in like maner finde the Altitude answering hereto Spoud I praye you geue me example hereof or you do take in hande any other matters Philo. The thing is so easy as it nede no farther working ▪ yet I will not refuse in so litle a request to satisfye your desire I find the sonne the first day of the new yere 1558 in the signe of the Goate xx degrees the. 37. minutes A TABLE OF THE SONNES MERIDIANE Altitude aboue the Horizont Calculated for
and will shew you how to find the height of the Pole euery day for whiche thinge I will geue you two sondrye wais th' one without any other instrumente more then a staffe or other thing erected to geue à shadow whyche I haue inuented th' other way is by the helpe of an instrument with which I will begin Take the sonnes heighte as before beinge in the Meridian line then take oute of some Ephemerides his place in the Zodiake in degrees minutes with which you shall enter into the table of declination ther find his declination from th'Equinoctiall answering to the said degrees minutes And if it be North thē subtracte it from th'Altitude Meridiā or if it be South adde it to the said Altitude then addyng or subtracting that numbre from 90. Digrees there shall remayne the trewe Eleuation of the Pole Spoud Wyll it please you to let me proue this rule by an example Philo. Right gladly Spou. I finde the Sonne in the sixt Digree of Gemini whose heighte as you see is 59. Digrees 28. minutes well nye And nowe I finde in the Table of the Sonnes declination vnder the 6. Digree of Gemini 21. Digrees 37. minutes 58. secondes Whiche I subtracting from the sonnes height ther doth remaine 37. digrees 50. minutes this I take from 90. digrees finde the place in height 52. digrees 10 ▪ minutes Phil. Let not this slide out of your memory because it hath a singuler vse in this art by it you may in al pla ces wher you trauaile finde out the height of the Pole And nowe I will shewe you my waye howe to finde th'aforesaide eleuation Spou. And shall your way serue in like maner for euery day in the yeare Phi. I find out the height of the North starre by the shadow ether iiij times in the yere or els euery day the sonne being in the meridian line Spou. Then I require you shew me first howe to finde the latitude of any Citie or towne Philon. right willingly You shall proueide a staffe or any rightwand in what length you please this you shall deuide into 60. equall portions Then take oute of some Ephemerides or Almanach the day whan as the Sōne entreth into the first digree of Aries Cancer Libra Capricornus At which times set your staffe vpright in some place And marke the shadow how longe it doth decrease whā it is at the shortest the sōne is in the noonstead place Then at that instaunt take the length of the shadow enter into the Table of shadowes there thou shalt finde th'exacte Latitude of thy Citie As for thy better instruction I find in an Ephemerides the sōne to be in the firste Digree of Aries 1558. the 12. daye of March Therfore whan as the sonne approche towarde the south I set my staffe directly vp find the shadow at midday 77. parts 13. minutes with which I enter the Table of shadowes vnder this title Aequinoctiall shadow can not finde my number expressed therfore I finde next vnder my nūber seuentie sixe 48. vnto which 52. digrees in Latitude do answere wherfore I workinge by proportion finde correspondent vnto 77. parts 13. minutes 52. digrees 10. minutes Spoud Then your minde is that I shall vse the rule of proportion in all Tables where as the perfect nūber is not expresedly founde Philo. Yea certainly Spo. Now shew how I may work euery day the same cōclusiō Phi. It differeth in no point frō the former order sauinge that in the table of shadowes you muste only haue respect to the columne of the sonnes altitude the shadow answering hereto Then to finde the degre he is in at that present next in the table of declination to seke out the declination of the same degree if it be North subtract it from the altitude so the remanent from 90. degrees you shall haue your owne desire Spoud But I finde him to decline Southe must I adde it to his altitude subtract both from 90 degrees as you did in the other Philo. In the same maner in all poyntes There is also an other waye to finde the latitude of Regions and Cities by the helpe of the Astronomy Ringe whiche you shall finde in my boke touching that matter in whiche I shew the making as also th' use of the same Spou. But in the night seasō how may I find the said Eleuation of the Pole in anye place Philo. The Mariners vse to find out the latitude of the place by findinge the height of the Northe starre which they call the lode starre esteming à degre or two in obseruation as no error But you shall worcke in thys maner first find out any notable starre that you knowe perfaitly in the table of fixed starres with Ptolomaeus rule or other instrumente obserue his heighte in the meridian line then in the table of declination you shall find how much he declineth North or South from th'equinoctiall obseruing th' order as you do with the searching out of the Pole by the sonnes altitude Meridiane and declination you shall haue your hole desire Spou. Will you nowe shewe the findyng out of the Lōgitude of any place from the Canariane Ilandes Philo. It is not so easie facile à thing to trie th' eleuation of the Pole but it is as harde laborus to get the Longitude which was the cause that the Auncient Geographers had onely one way that is by obseruing of th'Eclipses of the Mone Spoud I remember Strabo affirmith the same Phi. There is in dede no way so parfit suer as by th'Eclises therfore king Atreus is worthy eternall fame which was the finder out of th'Eclipses of the Sonne Mone 1205. yeares before Christ our Sauiours incarnation by whose trauaile we receaue this benefite Spoud Not we only that are presētly liuing but also such as haue bene before vs also those that shall here after folowe But what is the cause of hyr obscuration doeth not she at that time lose in dede hyr light Phi. No verely For it is directly against Aristotle all Philosophers well neare to confesse that the supercelestiall bodies are subiect to alteration yea or to affirme anye coloure in them But I wil let that passe wil show you the cause of her eclipsing which is no other thing thē the mone being in oppositiō of the sōne ether in the hed or tail of the dragō the shadow of th'erth is be twixt the mone our sight So that as longe as she is in perfit oppositiō without latitude so lōg doth she cōtinue in darknes Spo. And is she not Eclipsed at no other time then only at the Ful Phil. No certeinly ther fore Lucan doth aptly in his first boke opē the cause time of the mones Eclipsation in these versis Cornuque coacto Iam Phaebe toto fratrem cum redderet Orbe Terrarum
the clock 19. min. after dinner the mone shall begin to be darckened at Norwich whiche at Tolet in Spain shall happen at 2. of the clocke 22. minutes The difference in time is 47. minuts I conuert them into degrees minutes of th' equinoctiall as before finde 11. degreet 50. min. And because that the Mone is darkned soner at Tolet then Norwich I subtract this difference frō Norwich finde 10. degrees 40. minutes the longitude of Tolet which is West from Norwich Spo. But this Eclipse of the Mone shall not be sene in the beginning nether ende at Norwiche or Tolet Phi. True it is because the Mone being in the perfit opposition of the sonne can not shew her self aboue our Horizont before the sōne be vnder th' Earth which is not vnto 6. of the clocke Spou. How can you then shew the true time of her beginning at Norwiche or Tolet whan as she is not sene of their inhabitauntes Philo. right perfetlye Conferring the meridian of Norwich or Tolet wyth other places East from them whereas the beginninge shall be plainly of these inhabitants perceiued But in this place it is broughte in onlye for example And althoughe thys waye of finedinge the true longitude be bothe certain and mooste easiest of all other yet it hathe this discomodity because th'eclipses happen rarely and seldom as twise in à yere at the most sumtime but once in .ij. yere Furthermore ther hapeneth sumtime impedimēts that at the time also of her Eclipsing we cannot obserue her beginning or end either because the cloudes are betwixt our sight her so is shadowed or els that she is vnder our Horizont at that presēt season Wherfore P. Apiā practised an other way how to find out th'aforsaid Longitude yea that euery night hour of the same so that the Mone be aboue the Horizont the aire cleare and faire Spou. We are bound to haue him in much estimatiō which by his labours hathe supplied that we did wante but what is his inuention Phil. I will shew you ther are thre thinges required vnto this busines the Astronomers staffe also called Iacobes staffe the makinge of which you shall finde among th' other instrumentes the second is the true place of the Mone in the Zodiake in degrees minutes for the hour you make obseruatiō whiche you may take out of an Ephemerides and the iij. is the longitude of a fixed sterre which you may take out of the Table of fixed sterres in my firste boke These had you muste take your staffe with the Crosse on it and applye the one ende of the Crosse to the Center of the Mone and the other vnto the sterre which thing to do you shall remoue the Crosse vp and downe vntill the endes of the staffe touch both the center of the mone also of the sterre Thys ended the crosse shall shewe you what the distaunce of the Mone starre is in degrees minutes Then take the distaunce in degrees minuts of the Mone fixed sterre which you had before the obseruation And substract these .ij. distances th' one out of th' other the remanet deuide by the portiō that the mone moueth in one hour And that shall shew you the time whan as the Mone was ioyned wyth the starre if the starre be West from her or whan she shall be ioyned with the starre if it be East from the Mone This time being had you shall turne it into degrees minutes of th'equinoctiall as I said in th' other precept afore the table sheweth if the mone be West of the starre do in this manner Marcke whether the difference of the mone starre found by thy obseruation be greater then the difference foūd by the ephemerides the lōgitude of the fixed starre if it be lesser thē subtract the time turned into degrees mi. from the meridian for whiche th'Ephemerides are Calculated because thy place is west from it but and the difference be greater then adde the degrees mi. to the Longitude for which th'Ephemerides ar supputated because thy place is East from it so shalt thou haue the true Longitude desired Moreouer thou must consider if the Mone be East frō the Sterre then thou shalt worke contrary that is to say if the distaūce found by obseruatiō be lesser thē th' other you shall subtract it frō the lōgitud knowē because thi place is west frō it but this differēce be greater then adde it to the fornamed Longitude because thy place is East from th' other so withoute erroure thou shalt haue thine owne desire And this waye also is excellente to correcte the course of the Mone and amend the tables out of which hir mouinges are taken if they do erre at any time Spo. I must neades confesse your words true whā you said how much any thing excelled other in knowledge so much the more it was cōpanion with difficultie For except you geue me an exāple I shall neuer attain the perfait meaning hereof Philon. I will geue you an exāple of that time which I obserued my self to find out the lōgitude of Norwich Anno. 1558. the second day of February at x. a clocke at night I found the place of regulus called also the lions hart in longitude degrees 23. 32. minut in Leo the Mone also at that present in the .xxi. degree .xl. min. of the same signe hir place being calculated for Anwarp which is xxvi degrees xxxvj minutes I subtracte the place of the mone from the longitude of regulus the distance .j. degre .lij. min. that she is West from the sterre Then I take my staffe with one eie closed I moue the crosse vp down vntill th' one end was equall with the Center of the Mone th' other ende with the Starre Then I find by that obseruation the Mone to differ frō regulus j. degree 43. min. This numbre I take from the first difference ther remaineth 9. minutes Thē inquire I out how many min. of time answer vnto 9. min. of the Mones course making the Mone to moue in one hour xxxv minutes find .xvj. minutes of time which turned into degrees of th'equinoctiall make 4. degrees because the Mone is West of the sterre the distance found by the staffe lesse in number therefore I subtracte the. 4. degrees from the longitude of Anwarpe there remaine 22. degrees 36. minutes which differ littel frō the other obseruations Spou. The difference of 6. minutes in Longitude is small or no error whan as 15. minutes of th'equinoctiall make but one minute of time Phil. True it is Spoud By youre exāple the precept semeth more euident I mistruste not but with diligence to make in other places the like obseruation Phi. I will open vnto you an other waye to finde the Longitude of any region in euery place as well daye as night that euery houre most
necessary for thē which either sayle or trauell Spou. But you do then obserue the distaunce of the places in miles Phil. No verely for if I were caried by lande into places vnknowē blindfilded as they terme it or by the violence of troublesome wether on the sea driuen from my course I can declare how many miles I am from my countrey how many leaques from my proper course Spoud Then surely it must haue in it muche difficultie seyng that there springeth of it so muche vtilitie and profite Philo. The waye is very facile without great laboure I will no lenger make you muse theron You shall prepare à parfait clocke artificially made such as are brought from Flaūders we haue thē as excellently without Temple barre made of our countrymen Spoud Do you not meane such as we vse to weare in the facion of à Tablet Phi. Yea truely when as you trauell you shall set the nedle of youre Diall exactlye on the hour found out by the sonne on the daye by some starre in the night thē traueling withoute intermission whan as you haue traueled .xx. yea .xl. miles or more if your next place whose longitude you desire be so far distant then marke in your Diall the houre that it sheweth after with an Astrolabe or Quadrant finde out the hour of the day in that place if it agre with the same which your clock sheweth be assured your place is north or South frō the place you came from therfore haue the same lōgitude meridiā line But the time dif fer subtract th' one out of th' other the differēce turn into degrees minut of th'equinoctiall as before then adde or subtract as in th' other .ij. precepts going before But now behold the skie is ouer cast with cloudes wherfore let vs haste to our lodgings ende our talke for this presente Spoud With a righte good will THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Cosmographicall Glasse in which is vttered the making and protracture of the Face of th' Earth both in Cartes Perticuler and also vniuersall with diuers necessarye thinges incidente hereto Philonicus SEINGE THAT in oure laste daies talke it was made euidente vnto you what the Longitude Latitude Circuite of th' Earth was how you also might find the same by diuers sondrye waies moreouer the deuision of th' Earth into zones by the helpe of Paralleles it shuld seme nowe conueniente to shewe you the cause wherefore all these are learned to what finall end they are desired Therfore leaste you shulde be lefte destitute of the principal tresure of Cosmography that is to delineat protract or set forth the platforme of th' vniuersall face of th' earth or els perticulerli any one portiō of the same I will this day also do my endeuor to shewe you the waye how to attain hereunto Spo. Wold to god that fortune had vnto me geuē of her tresure that I might sōwhat al though not recōpēce yet shew forth my good wil for this your great pains trauell For in dede siluer gold is to base to recōpence knowledge with that did the famous kinges princes in th' old time well perpende Whan they did not only geue th'inuentors of any new Science Art or profitable thing for à publike weale aboundaunce of treasure but also for perpetuall memorye made an Image to represente suche à persone and called him à God for his inuention So was Neptunus called God of the seas for that he founde the Arte of sayling Aeolus the God of windes because he inuented the true vse of them Ceres à Goddesse for finedinge out tillage But what make I discourse in these thinges to you whiche knowe them muche better then I. Ph. Heare by I gather your good will to th'aduancemente of learning But it is not treasure which at youre handes I craue but only that you shew your selfe enemy vnto ignoraunce thorowe your industrious labour both in profitinge your selfe also your natiue country But or we procede further in thys oure busynesse I wyll brieflye open vnto you certaine names whiche we vse in Geographie with th'interpretation of the same and histories with Poëtes abound also with them And firste you muste consider that th'Earthe beinge inuironed compassed aboute with the greate Ocian seas semeth as it were an Ilande after Strabo his minde notwithstandinge there is à greate difference betwixt an Iland and th'Earthe for an Ilande is a portion of th'Earthe seperated from the hole by waters whiche do circuite it on euerye side so that you can not iourney by lande either from Europe Asia or Afrike vnto your coūtry but muste vse herein Nauigation Spoud Unto your description do agree America Sicilia Iaua the Rodes Candie Delos Therasia and England in which we inhabite Philon. It it true now you shall furder note that the seas deuide th' Earth 4. sundry waies for either it is an Iland or little differing there from and therfore called Peninsula or Isthmus or Continēs Spoud So that Peninsula differeth from an Ilande because in some parte it is ioyned to à greater portion of th' Earth wythoute seperation as Tauricà Thrasia Cherronesus also Cymbrica Aurea in India Philo. Isthmus doeth differ from them bothe signifieth à portion of th'Earthe hauynge of eyther sydes the raginge Seas suche are founde agreable to this description properly Corinthiacus and Thrasius Spou. But howe doeth Continens differ from these three Ph. I will shew you it is à portiō of th' Earth which is not parted by the Seas à sounder but is continually in length so that you may go from one parte vnto another without nauigation as Saxonie Bohemie Sueuelande c. Spod By these I gather there is no portion of th' Earth but it is either an Ilande or that whiche you call Peninsula Isthmus or Continens Philon. No verely but nowe beholde the figure Yet ther remaineth to shew you what this worde Oceā Sea meaneth what we call Promontorium Fretum Lacus Stagnum Fluuius Palus c. which I reserue vntill we speake of Nauigation And nowe we will tourne to our scope You shall cōsider that the face of th' Earth is protraste drawne two sundry waies either on à roūd plate forme for which inuention the Globe moste aptlye serueth or els on à plaine plat forme as à Card in which we drawe th'vniuer sall Earth or els but the half or the one part yea you please but one particuler Region which is proper to Chorographie as I said to you in the first booke Spo. Th' inuention should seme much better to drawe th' Earth in à playne plate fourme theron à Globe for in it we maye behoulde the whole face of th'Earthe wythout anye remouynge or tournynge of the Carde on the Globe you shall be compelled to turne firste one parte then another or you can vew any great portion of
East Also that which coÌ„meth out of that place betwixt th' east the north they called it northeast The space directly betwixt the north the west they named northwest as betwixt the south the west southwest as in this figure A. B. C. D. represent the HorizoÌ„t A. th' east B. the north C. the weast D. the south E. the northeast F. the nortwest G. the southeast H. the Southeast Spo. Yet ther is another kind of partinge the HorizoÌ„t theÌ„ you haue declared for I remember that I red in Marcus Manilius how the HorizoÌ„ was parted in 12. partes but the reason of it I could neuer vnderstande His versis as I remember are these Asper ab axe ruit Boreas furit Eurus ab Ortu Auster amat medium Solem Zephyrusque profundum Hos inter binae mediis è partibus aurae Fxpirant similes mutato nomine flatus From the North rough Boreas come Eurus from th' East Auster from the South bloweth Zephyrus from the VVest Betwixt either of these quartes two other windes brost out In nature like their names changed whistling all th' earth about Phi. Manilius doeth very aptly shew th' order of parting the HorizoÌ„t in to 12. partes For saith he ther com meth two windes froÌ„ those partes of the Horizont where th' equinoctial crosseth it equally of which th' East he calleth Eurus And the Weast Zephyrus or Fauonius TheÌ„ the meridiaÌ„ circle crosseth also the HorizoÌ„t equally in the middes And so by these intersectioÌ„s ther are two other windes described the North he calleth Boreas The Southe Auster Spoud These iiij are the Principall windes agreeth with Homer th' olde Gretians Philo. Yea but in the rest it differeth bothe from theÌ„ also the seconde sort For these parted the Horizont in 8. equall portioÌ„s but Manilius into 12. inequal parts for he described iiij collaterall windes by the. ij Tropick Circles which are the places where the Sonne riseth goeth downe in the middes of Somer and Winter And also other 4. winds at the Circles Arctick Antarctick Spou. I remeÌ„her that in our first daies talk you shewed me what th'equinoctiall the Tropickes the circles Arctik Antarticke were notwithstanding I shall the more spedely conceiue your meaning if you vouch safe as hetherto you haue vsed to geue me some example picture hereof Phil. That I will not refuse to do or any other thinge so that the more vtiliti hereof may vnto you insue Wher fore behold the tipe before placed in which A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Is the place of the Horizont H. the Northe A. th' East L. the Southe B. the Weast From which the Principall windes doth blowe C. is the place wher the Sonne riseth in the Sommer E. wher in the same time of the yeare he setteth Also D. do represent the place where as the sonne riseth in the winter poynte and F. the coaste where he goeth downe Also that part of the Arctick circles which is most easterly marked with G th' other part furdest Weast noted wyth I. also the part of the Circle Antartike furdest East is marked with M. And th' other portion furdest west with K. But nowe in oure time the learned Hydrographers Trauelours on the Seas haue yet gone beyonde them all partyng the Horizont in 32. equall portions as sufficieÌ„tly answering vnto euery viage throughe the hole Earth they haue geuen them very apte names as in this Instrument folowyng more largely appeareth Spou. Thus I see that by diligence laboure small thinges haue great roote increasing For firste there were founde out but iiij Cardinall cheif windes after they wer made viij in numbre then xii And now in our dayes 32. so that I beleue we be at the furdest and that those whiche folow vs shall not be able to adde any thing to this pertition of windes Phi. You are much deceiued if that you so do think for the nuÌ„ber of â—…indes be infinite breke out of euery part of the horizoÌ„t But like as 12. in nuÌ„ber semed not sufficeÌ„t so 32. ar thought to answer in all parts that is in NauigatioÌ„ required the deuisinge of â greater number shall rather cause confusion of memorie then helpe in this behalfe Also by this Compasse the Sonne shynynge you shall perfitly know the houre of the day by the coast he is in As when he is right Easte West it is alwaye sixe of the cloke also à Southe Sonne maketh xij of the clocke So in like maner à southeast sonne maketh ix of the cloke à south weast sonne iij. of the cloke after noone Th' other houres are manifest by the compasse Spou. This is very necessary also in trauilinge And nowe retourne to that from whence we did digresse Ther are certein qualities applied to the windes wherof doth that springe Phi. There are so that cometh of the teÌ„perature of th' Earth so that the North windes be called coulde because they procede froÌ„ the frosen Zone these south windes hote because that they come froÌ„ the burnt zone But this beloÌ„geth more to Physick theÌ„ NauigatioÌ„ For we seke herin to learne th' apt winde which shall cary vs vnto the desired Porte not health which is the Physitions chiefe care Spou. I coÌ„fesse no lesse but yet sence we haue entred in to this matter I wyll be so bold as to trouble you herein further And where as you say the qualities of the windes spring of the teÌ„perature of th' earth do you meane the zones Climates Phil. I do no lesse Spou. TheÌ„ seyng the North winde is called cold because it cometh froÌ„ the north frosen zone why by the like reason shall not the South windes be of like qualitie coÌ„ming froÌ„ the south frosen zone Philoni I wyll aunswer you in few wordes The North winde commeth from the North frosen zone and is felt in our Climate because we are situated nerer that then the South frosen Zone whiche beinge vnder our fete as you haue heard before declared is kepte froÌ„ vs the couldnes of the winde not only mitigated but also greatlye altered throughe the heate of the burninge Zone And therfore the South windes are called hotte Spou. This doth very well agre both to reason experience So that in th'Equinoctial wher both the north and South windes meete there the windes are called teÌ„perate because the couldnes of them is taken away by the heat of the burninge Zone And by this also I gather that suche as dwell in the temperate Southe Zone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Proclus call it beyond th'Equinoctiall they call the South wind cold and the North wind hot Phi. It must neades so be for that the burninge Zone qualifieth the coldnes os the Northe windes throughe his heat as to vs he doth the South Spou. There is now an other dout entred into my hed of which to
Diuersitie of the Sonnes declination from Ptolomaeus to our time 28 Doris hir chiefe places 191 Drangiana 196 E. EArth what 43 Opinions of hir figure eodem The myddes of it 6 Obiections against hyr roundnes 44 And th' answeres 45 Earth and the worlde not one thing 10 Th' Earth a stone 45 Of th' Earths circuit diuers opinions 62 Th' Earth howe to describe it in a vniuersall carde 127 Or halfe th' Earth 125 Or th' eight part 122 Or one perticuler Region 121 Ebbe tydes 145 The cause of it 146 Theyr tyme. 151 Ebudae Ilandes ioyning to Irlande 172 Ecliptick lyne what 25 Eclipse of the Sonne who firste founde out 97. The cause of the Mone Eclipsed eodā Figures of Eclipsis 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. Elementary Region 40 Elementes why but iiij 41 Theyr situation place eodē Eleuation of the Pole howe to finde it 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. Emantba eodem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 xi Heauen 12 Englande hir principall cities 173. 174. Englshie myles what they conteine in the length 56 Howe many barlie cornes therto answereth eodem Epact howe to finde it 148 Ephesus 191 Epirus hir chiefe Places 183 Eubae an Ilande 177 Euclides Elementaries 5 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 64 Europe wherof it toke that name 170 The description of it 171 The Bignes of it eodem F. FIgures of the Moone Eclipsed 98 Florence 182 Fountaynes of marueylous nature 175 Fortunate Ilandes the first digree of Longitude 58 Their number 188 Fourlong a kinde of measure and his quan titie 56 Fraunce hyr description 178 Fretum what 144 Frosen zones two 66 Fruites of well spent time 2 G GAdira an Ilande 177 Gaditanum fretum where 184 Galenus countrey 191 Gelilo 198 Galitia hir Cities 191 Gazophilacion Astronomicum 89 Gedrosia 196 Gemma Phrisus way to finde the Longitude of places 109 Geographie what it is 5 Howe it differeth from Cosmographie 6 Geographicall plainsphere 137 Geometrie ned full in Cosmographie 4 Germany hyr description 189 Germane myles both commen great the quantitie 56. 57 Giantes Ilande 202 Glarians errour 59 His way to finde the Noonesteade lyne 82. Grene Iland 202 H HAppie men 1 Hayle ingendred where 42 Heauenly Region conteine x. Heauens 10 Th' eyghte nine and tenne Heauen who founde them out 12 Hecla a burnyng Hill 175 Hell where 82 Helga an Hill in Islande eodem Helicon the holy Hill 184 Heluetian myles 57 Hemisphere of th' Earth how to be drawen in a Carte 125 Hercules Pillers or Columnes 58 Heydelberge 181 Hierusalem 194 Hippocrates cuntry 198 Hircania and hir chiefe cities 195 Hilles the greatest in all tb ' Earth 44. Heteroscij 70 Homerus cuntrye 191 Horizont Circle what 18 Diuided in two partes 19 Th' vse of the Horizont 24 Horizont diuided into 32. Partes 156 Hote windes from the South the cause 158. Houre of the daye knowen by the coast of the Sonne 157. 158 I. IAcobus Staffe 105 Iamaica 198 Iberia hir chiefe Cities 193 Idumea hir Cities 194 Ilande what 112 Ilandes in Europe from 172. vnto 178. In Africke 188 In Asia 198 In America 201. 202 Illium 191 Illyria 182 Infortunate men 1 India within Gangis 196 Soutb India 198 ☞ An Instrument seruing to the describing of a Cuntrey 136 ☞ An Instrument seruynge to Nauigation 162 Iohn Faustus first founde out Printinge 181. Iohn Halifax called De sacro bosco 14 Irlande hir description 172 It hath plentie of Alume sea Cole and Wolues eodem It is without venamous wormes and beast eodem Island and her description 175. 176 Isthmus what 113 Italy and her chief Cities 182 Italian miles 56 Iucatan 198 India 194 Iaua the greater 198 Iaua the lesser eodem L LAc á kingdome 198 Lacus what 144 Lactantius petulancye 38 Laodicina and her cities 194 Laponto 202 Latitude of regions what 59 Latitude of Regions howe to find out from 91. Vnto 95 Length of miles 56 ☞ A leque what it conteineth eodem Licaonia her Cities 191 Line what it is 55. Line Eclipticke 25 London howe longe builded before Rome 173. before Cbristes Incarnation 174 Longitude taken two waies 58 Of Longitudes of places where the first degree is placed eodem Longitude of regions how to finde out sondry waies from 103 Vnto 108 Loode sterre and his configuration 166 Louaine 180 ☞ S. Lukes Country 193 Lybia interior 187 Lydia 191 Lyra. 82 M MAcedonia and her description 183 Madagascar an Iland 188 Mahometes Sepulcher where 194 Making of perticuler cardes by Longitude and Latitude 116. 117 ☞ Without Longitude and Latitude 137. 138. Mangi 197 Maiorica Minorica Ilandes 176. A Mappe for one Region 120 A Mappe for th' eight part of th' earth 122 A Mappe for halfe th' earth 125 A Mappe for all th' earth 127 Mare mortuum 144 Mare congelatum eodem Marmarica 187 Margiana 195 Mauritania Tingitana and her description 185 Mauritania Caesariensis 187 Measures of diuers sortes and quantitye eodem Medera an Iland 188 Media and her cities 195 Men moost happy 1 Men moost infortunate eodem Mentz 181 Meroë and her description 187 Meridian circle what 21 The vse of the Meridian 24 Meridian line howe to finde it 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. Meridionall signes 26 Mesopotamia 194 Middle earth seas 143 Miles of diuers countries and their quantitie 56 Myllan 182 Minute what 25 Moabar 198 Moones age howe to finde it at all times 147. Moones shining euery month 149 What coste of the Moone make full Seas in the chefe costes of this our Ocean 151 Of Mone Eclipsed what is the cause 97 Figures of her Eclipses 98 Morfuli 198 Moscouia and the nature of the people 182 Mount Sinay 194 N NAplis 182 Neadle and his praise 160 Where it haue erred 160 How to correct it 161 Neptunus God of the seas 112. 159 Nicaea 191 Niniue 195 North Pole and his configuration 166 Norwich subiect to fire 174 Her picture set out 8 North windes cold and the cause 158 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 64 Numidia and her chiefe places 187 O Ocean seas what 143 Olimpus a famous hill 44. 191 Oracles where geuen to the Gretians 184. Orchney Ilandes 171 Orontius 5 Obseruations of the Neadle where it haue erred 161 Ouides versis for the placing of the Sphere of the Sonne 11 The North Pole to be aboue the Horizont 37 The signes to ascend and descend equally vnder th' equinoctiall 32 The diuision of Zones 66 Oxford 174 P PAdua 182 Palus what 144 Pamphilia 191. Paris 189 Paradise where 82 Contention of the deuines touchinge it Loke in the praeface Pargamus 191. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 73 A Parallele what and their numbre 74 Their Table 78. 79 Persia. 195 Parthia eodem Peninsula what 113 Perticuler cardes made ij waies 115 Peru. 200 Phaenitia 193 Phaenix an hill 191 Philonicus what it signifieth 3 Places dictaunce how to find out 140. 141 Planets haue ij declinations 28 A plat forme what and how many waies spoken 55 Plato
9 His erroure in the placing of the luminares eodem A poynt what 55 Poynt vertical what 60 Pole of the Horizont 21. 60 Poles eleuation how to finde oute 91 92. 93. 94. 95. Polybius erroure touchinge the numbre of Zones 65 Pontus and her chiefe places 191 Porto sancto an Iland 188 Prasia 196 Printing first found where 181 Ptolomaeus 2 He first found out the. 9. heauen 12 His rule seruing to the obseruing of altitudes 88 He excused 118. 169 Pygmeans country 191 Physick who first found it oute 2 Pythagoras error touching vacuum 9 Pythia 184 Q QVadrate an instrumente of Nauigation 162 Qualitie of windes 158. 159 Quantitie of measures used in demensiō 56 Quiola 187 R REd seas 143. 194 Region elementary 40 The heauenly Regiō cōtein x. spheres 10 Regions gouerned of the signes and Planets 134 Regions Longitude how to find it out 103 Vnto 108 Regions Latitude how to find out 91 Vnto 95 Reward of learning in old time 111 Rome 182 Rio de grande 202 Rio. S. Iacobi eodem Rio de S. Lucia eodem Riqua the greater eodem Riqua the lesser eodem S SAmaria 194 Sardinia with her Cities and Townes eodem Sheubelius Algeber 5 Scotland and her description 174. 175 Scotora 198 Scythia without the hill Imaus 195 Seas and her diuision 143 Sepulcher of Mahomet 194 Shipmans Neadle whan it erre to correcte it 161 Shipmans compasse vnknowne to the olde Hydrographers 160 Shippe out of her course howe to come in it againe 166 Shadowes and ther diuersitie 69. 70 A Table of Shadowes 72 Sicilia an Iland with her chiefe places 176 Sidon 193 A signe what 25 Signes Meridionall 26 Signes Septentrionall eodem Sinus what 143 Smyrna 191 Snow ingendred where 42 Sogdiana 195 Somer Tropicke 33 Sonnes sphere in what order placed 11 Errours touchinge the same eodem The Sonne haue ij declinations 28. 93 A Table of his declination 31. 32 Whan he is in the tropick poyntes or Equinoctiall 53 Sonnes rising and settinge throughe all the yeare 148 South India 198 South Pole and his configuration 166 South windes hote and the cause 158 Sparades Ilandei 177 Spagnolla 202 Spaine and her description 177 Sphere what 14 Diuided in two partes 16 Shere haue x. Circles 18 Spoudaeus what it do the signifie 3 Spring tides 145 Strausborough 181 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 what and wherof so called 56 Stagnum what 144 Sulphur where great plenty 175 Syria and her Cities 193 T TAble of fixed sterres 27 Table of the sonnes declination 31 Table of shadowes 72 Table of Climates 78. 79 Table for tourninge houres of the daye into degr min. of th' equinoctiall 104 Tabrobana 198 Terestriall globe 114 Theodosius 5 Thinges sene longer in mìnde then onlye harde 7 S. Thomas Iland 187 Tides both spring and ebbe 143 Ther cause 146 Time the greatest treasure 1 The frutes of time well spent 2 Time bring all thinges to perfection 3 Times of the yeare where they take theyr beginning 35 Time tedious 142 Times of ebbing and flowing 151 Tingitana mauritania 185 Trallis 191 Tropicke circles 33 Somer tropicke what eodem Winter Tropicke 34 Tyrus 193 V Venemous beastes and wormes not in Ireland 172 Africke abound therewith 184 Vertical poynt what 21. 60 Vesandrea 198 W Winter tropicke what 34 Windes what 153 And ther numbre 153. 154 Windes tēperat vnder th' equinoctial 159 World what it is 9 The world earth not oue thing eodem The world made of ij cartes 9 Z Zenit what 21. 60 Zodiacke what 22 Zodiakes vse 26 Zone what 63 Ther numbre 64 Ther qualities 66. 67. That they are all habitable 67. 68 Zones deuided into climats paralleles 73 FINIS Faultes escaped in the Imprinting Fol. 2. the vi lyne Ingens reade Engeins Fol. 25. th' eightene lyne goeth ouerthwart them read goeth ouerthwart the Sphere Fol. 69. the xxi lyne Zolstitii reade Solstitii Fol. 121. the last lyne whose compasse read whose compositiō is in this wise Describe a Circle with your compasse Fol. 189. the ii columbe the last lyne it exten reade it extendeth ¶ AN EXTRACTE OF THE QVENES highnes gracious Priuiledge Licence ELIZABETH by the grace of God Quene of Englande Fraunce and Irelande defendour of the faith c. To all maner of Printers Booke sellers and other our Officers Ministers and subiectes greatyng VVe do you to vnderstand that of our grace especiall we haue graunted geuen priuiledge and licence And by these presentes for vs our heyres and successors do graunt and gyue Priuiledge and Lycence vnto our welbeloued subiect Iohn Day of the citie of London Printer and Stationer and to his assignes for the terme of his life to Imprint or cause to be Imprinted as well the Cosmographicall Glasse compiled by VVilliam Cuningham Doctor in Physicke as also durynge the tyme of vij yeares all suche Bookes and workes as he hath Imprinted or herafter shall Imprint being diuised compiled or set out by any learned man at the procurement costes charge only of the said Iohn Day Straitly forbiddyng and commaunding by these presentes all and singuler our subiectes as well Printers Bookesellers as all other persons within our Realmes Dominions what so euer they be in any maner of wise to Imprint or cause to be Imprinted any of the aforesaid Bookes that the said Iohn Day shall by authoritie of this our licence imprint or cause to be imprinted or any part of them But onely the said Iohn Day and his assignes vpon payne of our hyghe indignation And that euery offendor therin shall forfaite to our vse fourtie shillinges of lawfull money of Englande for euery such Book or Bookes at any time so Printed contrary to the true meanyng of this oure present Licence and Priuiledge Ouer and besides all suche Booke or Bookes so Printed to be forfayted to whom so euer shall sustayne the charges sue the sayd forfaiture in our behalfe c. Geuen at our Palice of VVestminster the xxviii day of October the firste yeare of our Reigne ¶ Imprinted at London by Iohn Day dwellyng ouer Aldersgate beneath Saint Martins 1559. Men happiest Time the grea test treasure Men most infortunate Why men in our age ar not so learned as thei wer in old tyme. The frute sprī ging of well spent tyme. What Spoudaeus signifieth The interpretation of Philonicus The olde wryters excused Arithmetick and Geometry necessary for this art Orontius Scheubelius Euclide Theodosius What Cosmographie is Lib. 1. cap. 1. What Geographie is The diference of Cosmographie and Geographie What Chorographie is and howe it difereth from the other two Thinges seene are lenger in mynde then only harde Cosmographie excelleth Geographie and Chorographie The argumēt of the whole worke Lib. primo in initio What the Worlde is Aristotle The Worlde and the earth not one thing Pythagoras error Plato Aristotle The Worlde made of two partes The number of the heauens An obiection Ptolomaeus Alphraganus Tebitius Archimedes Lib. 2.
Metamorphos The error of Crates Albetragnius Democritus and Plato The AegiptiaÌ„s found out but 8. heauens Ptolomaeus found out the 9. heauen Alfonsus first founde the. 10 heauen out Theodosius Proclus Euclide Orontius Iohn Halifax Lib. 1. prop. 1. What a ceÌ„ter is Lib. 1. prop. 3. What the axe tree is What a diameter is and how it difereth from thâ—… axe tree aforsayd The spheare is taken two wayes A right sphere The poles of the worlde what thei are An oblique or croked sphere Lib. 1. defi 14. How a sphere and a Circle differ The principall circles in the Sphere of the world are x. in numbre What the Ho rizont is A question Th' answere An obiection Th' aunswere The Horizont deuided into two partes A right Horizont A croked Ho rizont What the Me ridian is * Zenit is that point or prick imagined to be directly ouer our heades is alwaye 90. degrees froÌ„ the East South Weast and North. Lib. 1. prop. 3. Antipodes What th' quinoctiall is Lib. 9. What the zodiack is * This lyne is called the ecliptick becau se in it is the coÌ„tinual course of the SoÌ„ne and that all Eclypses as well of him as of the mone can not be but in this lyne What a signe is What a degre is What a minute is Septemtrional signes Meridionall signes The vse of the zodiack Euery Planet haue two decli nations The diuersitie of the Sonnes declinatioÌ„ froÌ„ Ptolomaeus time vnto our age How to finde out by Instrument the Sonnes DeclinatioÌ„ What the som mer tropick is What the winter Tropick is The foure tymes of the yeare whereof they take beginning What the two coloures are What the are ticke circle is What the An tarctickcircle is Lib. 2. Geor. Li. 2. Theor. â—… Lactantius petulancie Why sum Circles are called greater and some lesser Th' other part of the diuision of the worlde Why ther can be but iiij Ele mentes Lib. 2. de gene ratione Lib. primo de Coelo A generall maior The situation place of th' Elementes Th' Aere deuidid into thre Regions Where Cometes and blasing Sterres are ingendred Where Haile and Snow is ingendred What th'Erth is Diuersitie of opinions touching th'Erth his fourme An obiection against the round fourme of th' Earth These Hilles are the greatest in all the Earch * This is the fa mous Hill of which Poëtes so muche intreate in the top of whiche the Gentils builded an aul ter making to Iuppiter Sacrifice Th'answere to the first obiection Th' earth is a stone The 2. obiectioÌ„ Th'answere In lib. 1. de Mundo Example of ij Eclipses of the Moone Ptolomaeus Cleomedes Philo. Aristotle E. Reignholt Orontius WhaÌ„ the SoÌ„ne is in the Tropick of Capricorne In both Aequi noctiall pointes In the Tropick of Cancer what is taught in this seconde Booke What DimeÌ„tion is What a Point is What a Lyne is What a Plat fourme is What a Body is Lib. 2. cap. 23. Natura hist. Heluetian mi les The quantitie of an Englishe mile Longitude taken two waies Ptolomaeus Hercules Pillers In Prologo li. 2. Geographiae What Latitud is Glarianus errour Howe to finde out the Circuit of th' Earth * The verticall Poynte Zenit or Pole of the Horizont is so much distance from the Equinoctiall how much the Pole is eleuated aboue the HorizoÌ„t And like as the meridian euer do describe the Northe and Southe costes so dothe the verticall Parallele the East and West An example Diuersitie of opinions touching th' earth his circuit What a Zone is Parmenides Possidomus The burning zone Temperate zones FroseÌ„ Zones Polybius error 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 An obiection Lib. 1. Metamorphos The Answer Ptolomaeus Auicenna Vesputius Columbus Erasmus Reignholt Amphiscij Ascij hath two Somers two Winters lib. 9. Libro 9. Lib. 2. cap. 4. Heteroscij Antipodes Lib. 3. Periscij How a Zone a Climate differ Ptolomaeus de uision of Climates What a Parallele is South Climates The quantitie of climates Paralleles South Paralle les Antipodes Auicenna Auicenna defended Aphoris 3. proposi â—… Pardaise where Lira Eratosthenes Polybius Hell where In Agamemnone To finde out the Meridian Line after Glarians maner The seconde way The. iij waye The iiij way The v. way To finde the Noonesteade Line by night GazophilacioÌ„ AstronomicuÌ„ To finde oute th' eleuation of the Pole aboue the Horizont An obseruation Fol. 31. 32. The Sonnes de clinatioÌ„ north The Sonnes de clinatioÌ„ south The third way The. 4. way The Astronomie â–ª Ringe Lib. 1. fol. 6. Atreus found first oute the time of Eclipses Aristotle The cause of the mone Eclipsed Howe to finde the Longitude of Regions by an Eclypse How to turne the houres of the daye into degrees minuces An obseruation of an Eclipse Apians waye to find out the Longitude of places Iacobes staffe Fol. 27. Whan the Mone is West of the Starre What is to be wrought WhaÌ„ the mone is Easte of the Sterre An example Another way The principall part of Cosmographie The noble rewarde of learnyng in times paste Neptunus Aeolus Ceres What an Ilande is Peninsula Isthmus Continent An objection against the te restriall Globe Th'Answere A particuler carde made ij waies The argument of the thirdâ—… booke The maner of making a perticuler Carte for any RegioÌ„ Ptolomaeus ex cused An example Cosmographicall Glasse The making of a Carde conteininge the whole Earthe ♈ ♂ ♉ ♀ ♊ ☿ ♋ ☽ ♌ ☉ ♠☿ ♎ ♀ ♠♂ ♠♃ ♑ ♄ â™’ ♄ ♓ ♃ To make a Carte without knowing LoÌ„gitude Latitude The Geographicall plaine Sphere Th' Angle of sight Th' Angle of sight A perfit Angle To finde the distaunce in miles of diuers places Howe to finde the distaunce of places Time tedious Th' Ocean sea Sinus what it here signifieth Mare mediteâ—… ranium The red Seas Mare Mortuâ—… Mare Cagelasum What Fretum iâ—… What Lacus is What Stagnum is What Palus is The cause of spring ebbe tides Li. 3. de Dieb decret cap. 2. An obiection Th'answere The cause of Ebbyng and flowing How at all tymes to finde th'age of the Moone An example Th'Epacte To know howe loÌ„g the Moone doth shine euery night An example An example How to know th'exacte time of ebbinge and flowyng An example What the winde is Foure Principall windes Marcus Manilius The Horizont parted into 32 partes The number of windes infinite North windes colde South windes hote An obiection Th'Answere Windes temperate vnder th'eqninoctiall A question Th'Answere Vlisses Diomedes Aneas Neptunus Aeolus The compasse vnknowen to th' olde Hydre graphers The praise of the neadle Obseruations of the nedle where it hath erred How to correcte the nedle Fol. 91. 92. 93. 94. Howe to direct a shippe to any Porte How to know in what place they are beyng driuen from theyr course Fol. 77. 78.
euery digree in the Zodiake Respecting th' Eleuation of the Pole Arctike aâ—… Norwich 52. Digrees 0. minutes the Sonnes Declination 23. Digrees 28. minutes  Capricornus Aquarius Prâ—…ces Aries Taurus Gemini  Digr Digr Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig â–ª 0 14 22 17 â—…4 25 36 37 50 50 4 58 â—…6 30 1 14 23 17 26 25 57 38 16 50 26 58 37 29 2 14 23 17 38 26 19 38 42 50 47 58 48 28 3 14 24 17 50 26 42 39 8 51 8 58 58 27 4 14 25 18 3 27 4 39 34 51 28 59 8 26 5 â—…4 27 18 16 27 27 40 0 51 48 59 18 25 6 14 29 18 29 27 50 40 25 52 8 59 27 24 7 14 32 18 43 28 â—…3 40 51 52 28 59 â—…6 23 8 14 35 18 57 28 36 41 17 52 47 59 45 22 9 14 38 19 12 29 0 41 43 53 6 59 53 21 10 14 42 19 27 29 24 42 8 53 25 60 1 20 11 14 46 19 42 29 48 42 34 53 43 60 9 19 12 14 50 19 58 30 12 42 59 54 1 60 16 18 13 14 55 20 14 30 36 43 24 54 19 60 22 17 14 15 0 20 30 31 1 43 49 54 36 60 29 16 15 15 6 20 47 31 26 44 14 54 53 60 34 15 16 15 11 21 3 32 0 44 39 55 10 60 40 14 17 15 18 21 21 32 16 45 4 55 26 60 45 13 18 15 24 21 48 32 41 45 28 55 42 60 50 12 19 15 31 21 56 33 6 45 52 55 58 60 54 11 20 15 39 22 15 33 32 46 16 56 13 60 58 10 21 15 47 22 34 33 57 46 40 56 28 61 2 9 22 15 55 22 52 34 23 47 4 56 43 61 5 8 23 16 4 23 12 34 49 47 27 56 57 61 8 7 24 16 13 23 31 35 â—…5 47 50 57 11 61 11 6 25 16 22 23 51 35 40 48 13 57 24 61 13 5 26 16 32 24 12 36 6 48 36 57 37 61 14 4 27 16 42 24 32 36 32 48 58 57 50 61 16 3 28 16 52 24 53 36 58 49 2â—… â—…8 2 61 17 2 29 17 3 25 14 37 â—…4 49 43 58 14 61 17 1 30 17 14 25 36 37 50 50 4 58 26 61 â—…8 0 Digr Digr Min. Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig  Sagittarius Scorpius Libra Virgo Leo. Cancer  I omit as not requisite in this businesse then first I found in the hier part of the table Capricornus therfore I descending downward in the second columne against the. 20. degre of Capricorne founde 15. degrees 39. minuts the altitude of the sonne for the mids of that day In like maner the same yere the. 6. day of Septembre the sonne had his course in the. 24. degre of the virgine and because I finde Virgo in the lower parte of the Table ascendinge in the last colunme vpward find the 24. degre and against it in the columne of Uirgo 40. degrees 25. minutes the Meridian altitude of the soÌ„ne answering that degree in like sort do with any degre of th' other â—…gnes whan as occasion is ministred Spou. This now shall I alway kepe surely in memorye and because you haue heare apte place to geue me some precepte for th' eleuation of the Pole Arcticke I desire you herein to show me some instructions Phi. I will so do and the rather for that wythoute it you can little preuaile in this Arte and with knowinge it and the longitudes of regions you shall meruelouslye profit Spou. I praye you then begin firste with the finding out of the latitude of any place Philo. Whan as the sonne is in either Aequinoctiall poyntes by the helpe of your none steade shadowe you shal find when he is in the meridian line then with your instrument take his altitude whiche you shall subtracte from 90. degrees and the remanent shall be the iust eleuation of the Pole as for example At Norwich 1557 the 10. of march I found the meridiane altitude of the soÌ„ne by my Astrolabe 37. degrees and 50. minutes which I did subtract from 90. degrees and there remained 52. degrees 10. minuts the true height of the Pole and latitude of Norwich Spou. And do you not marke his declination at that time Phi. I cannot marke that whiche is not For in these poynts he hath no declination and that you might se in the table seruing that vse which is in the first boke But although this way is very perfect yet carieth it this discommoditie with him that you can but twise yearely take th'eleuatioÌ„ of the Pole And therfore I will showe you also how to find it whan he is in the Tropick poynts Spoud That is in the beginning of Cancer and Capricorn Phi. It is so you shall finde oute as afore wyth your instrument the sonnes height at middaye whan as he is in the first degree of Cancer Spou. That time can I finde oute by the helpe of an Ephemerides Phi. From this height you shall take away as your table sheweth 23. degrees 28. minuts this numbre you shall subtract froÌ„ 90. degrees the remanant shal be th'exacte Eleuation of your pole as for example I find the height of the soÌ„ne at midday in the beginning of Cancer 61. degrees 18. minutes from which I take 23. degrees 28. minutes and there shall remayne 37. degrees 50. minutes this nomber I take from 90. degrees being an hole quadrant there remaineth 52. degrees 10. minutes th' eleuation of the pole Spoud I will proue by your licence and I can do in like case whan as he is in Capricorn Phil. Do you so Spou. I imagine his none steade heighte to be 14. degrees 22. minutes for because he is farre from our Zenit from which I cannot substract the greatest declination of the sonne answering the first degre of Capricorn in the table of declination Phi. Nor you shall not make anye subtraction For like as whan he declineth North from th'equinoctiall which is from the beginning of Aries vnto th' end of Virgo you shall subtracte his declinatioÌ„ from his altitude so in like maner hauing his declination South which is from the beginninge of Lybra vnto th' end of Pisces you muste adde his declination to the meridian altitude and subtract theÌ„ bothe from 90. degrees Spo. Then I wil end my example I do adde 23. degrees 28. min. vnto 14. degrees 22. min. the nonestede height which make 37. degrees 50. mi. I take this froÌ„ 90. degrees as you commaunded and ther remaineth 52. degrees 10. minutes as afore Phil. You haue truely wrought Spou. But is it not possible to finde th'eleuatioÌ„ of the Pole euery day for in traueling it shuld pleasure me Phil. It is possible to find it not only euery day but al so euery hour but I will reserue that vntill an other season