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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
day_n	half_a	hour_n	quarter_n	7,627	5	11.1436	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B00420	A profitable booke declaring dyuers approoued remedies, to take out spottes and staines, in silkes, veluets, linnnen [sic] and woollen clothes. With diuers colours how to die velvets and silkes, linnen and woollen, fustian and threade. Also to dresse leather, and to colour felles. How to gylde, graue, sowder and vernishe. And to harden and make softe yron and steele. : Very necessarie to all men, speciallye for those which hath or shall haue any doinges therein: with a perfite table herevnto, to fynde all thinges readye, not the like reuealde in English heretofore. / Taken out of Dutche, and englished [sic] by L.M..	Mascall, Leonard, d. 1589.	1583 (1583)	STC 17590; ESTC S126114	50,650	94

let it lye therin halfe an houre and styrre it wel with a staffe and then take out thereof the sayd linnen ye may then cast away the same liquor and wash your kettle cleane and put therein of the clearest brasill water and let it wel colour therein Then take your Linnen and wash it wel in fayre water then take of fayre water in a panne with a little Allum and so seeth them both together and therin seeth your Linnen cloth fiue or sixe paternoster whiles Then take out the sayd cloth and wring it wel and after that put the sayd cloth into the kettle of brasill water and therein ye shal turne and wind it wel the space of a quarter of an houre then take it forth and wring it a little and likewise you shall doe with the dying of the Fustian but vnto your Fustian you must haue two partes more of Verdigreace and Allum and that your Fustian must lye therein half a day and a night then wring it forth and let it drye then after yee maye rayse his cotton with cardes meete for that purpose if yee wil haue your Linnen more fayrer cast in the Kettle with your sayd brasill some lye made of white Lime then put your cloth therein then turne and wind it therein the space of foure pater nosters and then take it forth thereof and wring it well and so hang it vp to drye How to make your branne water wherewithall you shall vse to dye red Ye shal take a hat full of wheate branne and take so much water as wil go into the smal kettles so let it haue a welling or two on the fire Then poure it into a fatte then take two other kettle fuls of water and warme it and put it therein also but first stirre it wel and so couer it wel The firste day you must styre it often and then it will be the better then shall ye let it stande foure or fyue dayes till it waxe the riper and which will be the better for your purpose and then ye may occupye as you shal see cause For an yron moll in Linnen To take forth any yron moll in linnen cloth take a chafing dish with coles then couer the coles with a pewter dishe so let it be hote Then lay your linnen thereon where the moll is and with a Limon or an Oringe but the Limon is better to rubbe your moll therewith and still as it dryeth in lay the iuyce thereon and stil rubbe it so till it be all cleane and this way will haue it all out Oft prooued To dye silke quoyues in a redde Ye shall first lay your silke in Allum water and let it seeth therein and with branne water also halfe an houre long both together then take a little grening weede and the like of branne water and let it be made hote and put the silke therein but let it not seeth but take it oute and rince it in lye and then in water and then it wil be fayre and well To dye silke in a sanguine colour Ye shall dye silke in a sanguine as ye must in al sortes take Allum as ye doe grening weede then must yee take a little fayre water with a little brasill and seeth them together Then take part thereof and seeth the silke therin and as that is takē out so take an other and then the thyrd tyme then put it in lye and so clense it as is aforesayde To dye Silke blue If ye will dye blue silke that silke must then be white which ye must first soke in water and then wring it forth then ye shall put it in your blue dye and there ye maye make it with a light colour or darke as ye please A fayre greene to dye If ye will haue a fayre greene take a little branne water and a little allum and seeth them together and when the Allum is molton put your silke therein and lette it seeth the fourth part of an houre Then take again a little branne water and a little wood and put it therein also till that it waxe a fayre darke yealow If ye will haue it more yealower then put it in the blue dye wherein yee may make it light or darke as ye please To dye black silke Take to one pound of silk xii gall nots and beat them to pouder then seeth the silke with the gals in fayre water a good halfe houre long then take of the blacke dye and therein seeth it another half houre then take it forth and let it be colde and then put it agayne into the blacke dye and let it there seeth another halfe houre if then it be not fayre let it seeth therein so long till it waxe a fayre black then sponge it in the water and so let it drye A purple silke to dye When ye wil die a purple silke ye shal take to one poūd of silke 4 ounces of Allum and seeth the Allum in common water lay the silke therein and let it so lye foure houres Then take to euery pound of silke two pound of purple colour seeth it together as hereafter is written which is ye shal take halfe pisse and half water togither seeth it therein till it waxe cleare fayre and thē spōge it in fayre water Also to eche pound of silke it behooueth to haue foure ounces of Allum Also for red silke to dye with crap dye so calde in dutche which ye shall dye with foure pound of Allum and also ye shall dye sanguine silk with allum and also yelow ye shall dye with allum To make a good black dye Take a pounde of galles and fourth parte of coperas and seeth these together then put the cloth therein and styrre it wel about then hang it to drie then prepare your dye as thus take a good great fat and put therin a fourth part of Rye meale and halfe so muche of swarfe of the grindstone and so much of elder barke and in like of olde yron and the scales of yron as it comes of by the hammer beating styrre this all well togither and so let it stande three dayes or euer ye put your cloth therein and at eche tyme let your linnen drye afore ye put it therein To dye a greene Take a light blue colour and put it into Allum water two houres long then hang it to the time there as the wynde may drye it and then put it into the foresayd wood and so vse it as it is afore declared To dye a carnasion Take purper that is drye and say it to soke a night in pisse then take your cloth that is allomde and drye put it therein but yee shall seeth the purper twise in fayre water then set another fatte by the fyre and let it seeth and therein yee shall firste put your cloth and then all weate put it in to your dye till it be fayre ynough To make a redde carnation To make a redd carnation dye ye must dye your

A profitable boke declaring dyuers approoued remedies to take out spottes and staines in Silkes Veluets Linnnen and Woollen clothes With diuers colours how to die Velvets and Silkes Linnen and Woollen Fustian and Threade Also to dresse Leather and to colour Felles How to Gylde Graue Sowder and Vernishe And to harden and make softe Yron and Steele Very necessarie for all men speciallye for those which hath or shall haue any doinges therein with a perfite table herevnto to fynde all thinges readye not the like reuealde in English heretofore TAKEN OVT OF DVTCHE and englished by L. M. ¶ Jmprinted at London by Thomas Purfoote and William Pounsonbie 1583 To make Cloth whiche hath lost his colour to returne vnto his first estate agayne TAKE OF VNQVENched lyme two ounces of Oake ashes two ounces of cleare water two pound Then meddle thē well all together and so let them rest one quarter of an houre and then doe clarifie that water and therewith wash your cloth and it will returne vnto his first colour and waxe fayre agayne as before ¶ To wash a scarlet which is greasie Take of whyte tarter wel and finely beaten foure ounces then boyle it in two pound of fayre water till the thyrde part be consumed then take it from the fyre and let it coole and then strayne it through a linnen cloth and when ye will vse thereof make it then milke warme and wash therewith your cloth Then hang it to drye and you shall see it fayre and returne to his first estate and coloure agayne ¶ To make all colours of silkes which be staynde to come to their first colour againe Fyrst take one ounce of vnquenched lyme and of the ashes of a vyne one ounce also of ashes of an Oake one oūce and a halfe Put all these into a basen of cleare water and meddle them all well togither then heate them a little ouer the fyre and when it is warme take it of the fyre and let it clarifie a while so done then take a sponge and wash your staynie spottes therewith and see that ye weat no other place but the spotty places only and so they wil be well agayne ¶ To make a sope to take forth greace or other spoties whatsoeuer they be Take one pound of roche Allum burnd and made into a fyne poulder Also take of the rootes cald flames of Florence so calde in Dutche halfe a pound then beate it in to a pouder Then take a new layde egge of white sope two pound and a halfe then blend your pouder and your egge and sope altogether well and thereof make pellots or bals and if one egge be not sufficient then take ii or so much as shall suffice to make your sayd paste withal and when ye shall haue occasion to take forth anye spotte take first of commen water and wash your spots on both sides withal warme then take of the sayd pellots and rubbe al ouer the spottes in the cloth so done then washe out the filth with fayre cleare water and if there remayne some part and be not all cleane wash it agayne as afore is mētioned till it be all cleane and so shall ye haue it as fayre as before ¶ Another good way to take forth spots of greace out of any woollen or linnen Take first a little fayre water all to weate and rubbe therewith the sayd greace spottes Then take a quantity of walkars claye called Fullars earth and rubbe a little therewith your spottes all ouer Then rubbe and chafe your cloth one vppon another so done take a syluer spone or such like thing and scrape out the sayde filthie water and greace and if then it bee not all cleane foorth doe so agayne as before is mentioned and then take a little warme water and all to weate the sayde place therwith so done Then wring and scrape it foorth as the other afore Being then cleane let it be dryde and it will be well ¶ To take away all spottes on coulered Clothes be they linnen or woollen If there chaunce by fortune to fall a droppe of ynke or any other stayne vppon any cloth dyed or coloured or being cleane whyte woollen or linnen Ye shall doe as hereafter followeth that is take of the iuyce of rawe Lemmons or the iuyce of a great Orange Apple which hath a hard pill or skinne which the Italions call Pommes Dadam Or if ye will take onlye the egar or sharpe iuyce which is in the pouncitron and strayne it foorth thereof and with the iuyce yee shall all to rubbe and chaufe the sayde spottye places and then wash it with luke warme water and so then scrape out all the filth thereof with some spoone as aforesayde or wring it cleane foorth with your handes If at the firste time peraduenture it bee not cleane vse it likewise agayne the seconde tyme as before and so your cloth will come vnto as good estate as at the fyrste nor this shall not hurte anye coloure thereof ¶ Another good way to make cleane spottes of greace out of all woollen clothes Take an hearbe called wood sorrel or stubwort which is green groweth in woods in bushes stubs of old trees and hath three small leaues lyke a hart it tasteth sharpe lyke other sorrell Which hearbe ye shall distill in a lymbee and so reserue the distild water in a glasse very close and when you neede to take foorth any spotte of greace then take of the distylde water and rubbe therewith all ouer the sayd spottes Then chafe your cloth one vppon another so done take a spoone or some other lyke thing and take away the sayd filthie water therewith Then if it be not all cleane doe it likewise agayne as before with the distilde water warmed and then yee shall see it will doe well and shewe fayre and cleare as it was at the firste Another good way to take out spottes out of clothes with a lye Take three pintes of water and put therein halfe a pounde of pot ashes and stirre it well altogether Let it so stande the space of foure dayes but yee must in euerye daye stirre it three or foure times So done poure foorth the cleare water from the ashes and put of galles therin then it will waxe a greene but if ye wil haue it a blacke then put a little soote to soke in fayre water and put that black water therein With this warmed ye maye washe your spottie places in any place of your clothes it will take it forth fayre and cleane To perfume clothes Take a violl of Rose-water in the which ye shall put eyghteene or twentie graynes of Muske and Ciuet with a little of Ambergreace then set all on the fyre and whē it begins to waxe warme take it from the fyre and let it coole and stoppe it close the space of two dayes and when ye will perfume your clothes therewith Set it on the fyre agayne and being warme holde your clothes ouer it

the sommer it shall be ynough to lye therein viii dayes ye must ech ii dayes see vnto them if it be in the winter they must lye therein a moneth then take your felles out and hang them again in the foresaid riuers or water thre dayes three nights then after washe them well in a tubbe with luke warme water and stampe them with your feete then after wash them agayne in the riuer water as aforesayd and hang a Kettle ouer the fyre with fayre water and therin put iiii pound of Allum and when it is molten in the water seething hot putting in so much water that it may be no hoter but your hād may suffer therin without scalding then set it from the fyre and put your felles therein and stirre them well with your hand so let it rest a day and a night but as ye go to bed you shall sturre them once wel then after take your felles forth and wring the water well out as your felles do waxe somewhat drye ye must weat them agayne then take foure pottles of pisse that is stale hang it ouer the fyre in a pan let it seeth well scum it cleane so long as any scum will rise then put in a pot full of beaten lacke and let it therein seeth a little and put therein so much Allum as a hasel nutte and giue it therewith a boyling then set it from the fyre and let it so rest till it be cold to suffer your hand therein then put a glasse ful therof in your felles which be readie sowd like a sack holde it too aboue with your other hand hold vnder and shake it vp and down as ye would bolt meale do thus so long til the colour hath wel taken the leather then turn your fels about but if it be faire ynough let it so be if it be not faire ynough put of your sayd substaunce againe another halfe glasse therein and stirre it about as before and then rippe your felles and hang them to drye in some hye lofte And as they be drye so take and lay them a night in a fat with water and next day taw them on a sharpe tawing yron vntill they be all workemanly done then they are well To make leather red Take an oūce of Allum melt it in a gallon of water thē take a calues felle spreade it on a rame so it must be rubbed al ouer with allum water first then incōtinent ye shal strike it all ouer with brasill water and let it so drye in and then strike it all ouer agayne and so let it drye in like but the colour or dye must be made warme alwaies when ye rub thereon But fyrst ye must make it weat with cold water and wring it agayne out and then stretche it forth on a bord and so ye may vse it The foresayd brasill water ye shall make thus Take three gallons of rayne water and put therein foure ounces of brasill woad made in poulder and halfe an ounce of Wey ashes calde sope ashes with a little saffron Then seeth it so long till the third part be wasted Then cleanse that out and the pot with rayne water againe and let the halfe seeth away Then is the strength all out and with this last water ye shall colour first and with the first water ye shall dye or colour last To dye red felles To dye red Leather ye shall seeth Lack in bene straw and a cursy pisse as aforesayd is Then put therin so much as two great beanes and then take an ounce of brasil water and so let them seeth together To dresse Felles with golde To dresse Felles with golde take broune red grinde it on a stone with water mixt with chalke and lyme water and therewith you shall strike your felles twise ouer then lay your siluer or golde thereon and let it drye then shall ye smoothe it with a tooth and so strike it ouer and then drye it in the sunne To colour greene Felles To colour green felles take spanish greene and grind it vpon a stone with wine Vineger and some saffron temper this with gumme water and lyme and so strike youre skinnes therewith To gylde on leather Ye shall ouerstrike your leather thrise with whites of egges and gumme water then lay your gold thereon and lick it well and fayre or the yolkes of harde rosted egges mixt with gum water and ground the red and the graye skinnes ye may vernish them take a flat bason and put fire vnder and spred the felles thereon and strike varnishe also ouer the skinnes where it is coloured but afore you strike your felles strike it warme on the Bason and then let it drye then smooth the colour all ouer euen and when it is drie then licke it or burnish it with a tooth and as ye will haue it fayre so take an end of a tallowe candle and rub it on your arme from the hand to the elbowe then strike it all ouer with that parte of your arme and it is done Agayne to colour leather red Take the dye for a red leather and take an ounce of brasill in a nealed pot and seeth it till the third part be wasted but first washe your leather in Allum water or in other water but lette it not lye long therein so lette it drye and put it therein and let it rest two dayes and two nightes on a tack and then hang that leather in the ayre to drye If ye will haue it sanguine take of vyne braunches ashes and make lye thereof and with this lye seeth your brasill woad and so ye may colour red therewith To colour leather greene Take an ounce of Equisetam in English horsetayle it is an hearbe growing in low places or medowes put ther to of olde standing water with a quantitie of Allum pouder with a little coperose beate in poulder so vse it To culler a blue leather First you shal take an ounce of Endix so calde in duche with one ounce of chalke and a pottle of Vineger or good sharpe lye then put all into a bason and there slyrre it all well together first your felles must be made redy thereto as afore is declared then put your stuffe thereon and so vse it as the other and it wil shew a fayre blue element colour To make a fayre red colour Take your leather which is allumde before then take of olde pisse of such as vse to drinke much wyne and let it stand til it stinke then take the clearest thereof and seeth it til the half be wasted then take two ounce of lack with one part of brasill a part of Allum a part of Salarmoniacum beate them altogether and put them into a pot and set it ouer the fire and stir it wel with a white stick vntill the stick waxe red as blood then take it off colour therwith luke warme Another fine red colour Take halfe an ounce of brasill poulder

on the ioynts which ye shall not fyle of but grynd it of and thus it shal be wel Another way to sowder warme on yron or steele Take of gūme water and beate therewith some hearbes which hearbes it shall not skil what and make it thick as a past and when ye wil sowder any place strike thereon or lay it on the ioynte then rub it thereon with sope and then holde thereto a fyre cole and it will runne Then washe of the sayde dough from the sowdred place and so it wil be fayre To sowder on Copper Take an ounce of Coperas halfe an ounce of whyte Arsenic which is calde whyte Orpemente then make your Coper to runne and diuide your Arsenicke in two parts then cast one part into your copper and stir it well all together and then cast in the other parte of your Arsenic to your copper and stir it wel altogether so done cast it on a stone and spread it thin and when it is colde beate it into a fyne poulder and vse it likewise as the other before mentioned To sowder on Latine Ye must fyle your lattine cleane al ouer then put the ioyntes close together and thereon scrape quicklye youre burras so ye shal see it wel and sure sowdred Another sowder to sowder on yron Ye shall set your ioynts of yron as close as ye maye the one vnto the other then lay them so in glowing coles and then take of Venis glasse made in fine poulder and youre yron being red hote in the fyre caste the poulder of your glasse thereon and so it shall sowder of himselfe and bee very strong withall And if ye clap it in clay as aforesayd ye shall not do amisse Another good way to gylde on yron or Steele Take one ounce of Orgall or Orgyrs in dutch so named with a thyrde part of Vermillion and a fourth parte of Bolearmoniac with as much of Aquauite then worke and grinde them altogether on a stone with lynseede oyle so done put therevnto some of the stone calde Lapis Calaminaris the bignesse of a hazel nutte and grynd therwith in the end three or foure droppes of Vernish so take it off the stone and strayne it thorow a linnen cloth into a stone potte for it must bee as thicke as hony so keepe it and strike it whereon ye list and so let it dry and then ye may lay your golde or siluer thereon as aforesayd A Varnish like golde for tinne Siluer or buckles of copper Ye shal haue small pots well leaded then put therein vi ounces of Linseede oyle one ounce of Mastick an oūce of Aloepatieum citrium then make them altogether in fine poulder and then put them into your sayd oyle couer it with such another pot whiche pot aboue yee shall make a small hole in the bottome thereof wherin ye shall put thorow a small sticke with a brode ende beneath to stur the other pot withall and when the pots are set iust together one to the other ye shal close thē al about with good clay and couer them al ouer also in leauing but the hole open aboue with the stick to stir the other pot so done set them ouer the fyre in stirring it ofte as it doth seeth like painters vernish and when ye will gylde therewith poollishe your mettall fyrst all ouer and then strike the vernish all ouer thereon and then let it dry in the sunne if it lye too thinne strike it ouer agayn so often as ye shal think good and so let it drye betwixt your striking and then ye shall see it will do well A way to graue on yron or steele or other kynde of weapons Take cole of a wille or sallo two partes of Vitriol or Copares two parts of Salarmoniac worke and beate all these together well with Vineger and make it thick like broth and when ye will eate or graue any thing withall draw first thereon with this thing following Take Vermilion linseede oyle mixt all together then dry it late it ouer with your past a finger thick or more and the warmer it is the sooner it will graue and eate but see too it it burne not and when it is dryde well doe off the sayde poulder and cleanse the casting out then take two partes of spanish greene calde verdigreace and a part of salt thē beat them together in a morter and put vnto it strong vineger and do as it is abouesayde or take Vitriol Allum salt Lapis calamynaris viniger and sallo cole and make it as the other aforesayd or take two parts of vitriol and a third part of salarmoniac and grind them wel al together on a stone with vrine or pisse then laye it on as it is aforesayde but ye must lay it cold on and set it then foure or fiue howers in a seller or low coole place for it wil be the better A water to eate or graue on yron or steele Take of verdigreace of Mercury sublyme of vitriol of Allum of ech a like then beat them smal so put it into a glasse so let it stand half a day styr it often then strike it al ouer with wax or yealow lead mixt with lynseed oyle or liisen smout so cald in dutche and strike thereon with the water in the glasse let it stand half a day but if ye write or lay thin that the water may eate it the sooner which yee shal couer al the yron or steele thin with wax and to draw theron what ye list with a pensil in the wax vnto the groūd then strike your water al ouer and so it shal eate on your grauen places or lay theron Mercury sublimatū in your grauen places and put therevnto vineger and so let it rest half an hower after and it wil do wel Another water to eate on yron or steeele more stronger Take an ounce of Verdigreace halfe an ounce of Allum Plumosum and half an ounce of Salarmoniac as much of wynestone and halfe an ounce of Vitriol and as muche of common salt let al be smal beaten so put together put thereto of sharpe viniger so let it stand an houre and when to graue or eate any thing therwith it must be first grauē ye shal write with Liifen smout or yelow colour then let it drye and then make your foresayde water hote in a leaded panne and let it stande ouer the fyre and hold your yron and steele ouer the panne and poure of that hot water thereon with a ladle that the rest may fall agayne into the foresayde panne thus muste yee doe still a good quarter of an houre this doing the take ashes or vnssect lyme rub it looke of that ye would haue eaten if it be clean or not if not draw it agayn with your yelo matter then poure on your said water and so ye shal haue it wel To lay gold vpon yron or other mettall Take of liquid varnish i. li.