Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
day_n	half_a	hour_n	quarter_n	7,627	5	11.1436	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35722	The artificial clock-maker a treatise of watch, and clock-work, wherein the art of calculating numbers for most sorts of movements is explained to the capacity of the unlearned : also, the history of clock-work, both ancient and modern, with other useful matters, never before published / by W.D.	Derham, W. (William), 1657-1735.	1696 (1696)	Wing D1099; ESTC R24292	51,447	146

exceeded I shall therefore commit this task to some better Pen hoping that no person will take it amiss that I have not mentioned what I have been beholding to him for the relation of For the resons last mentioned I have also left out of my Book a Chapter of the Art of making and using many sorts of Sodders the way of colouring Metals c. useful in the practice of Clock-work This I had prepared for the sake of Mercurial Gentlemen but omitted printing it and some other things out of Charity to poor Apprentices and other Workmen whose purses I am unwilling my volume should too much exceed If I have at any time invaded the Workman's province it was not because I pretend to teach him his Trade but either for Gentlemen's sakes or when the matter led me necessarily to it I have nothing more to add but that I would have this little Treatise looked upon only as an Essay which I hope will prompt some abler pen to perform the task better especially in the Historical part For since Watch-work oweth so much to our Age and Country t is pity that it should not be remembred especially when we cannot but lament the great defect of History about the beginning and improvements of this ingenious and useful Art THE CONTENTS CHap. I. Of the Terms of Art The more general Terms p. 2. Names belonging properly to the Watch-part p. 8. Names of the Clock-part p. 5. Chap. II. The Art of Calculation Sect. 1. Preliminary Rules To find the turns of a Wheel or Pinion 8. The way of writing down the Numbers 9. To find the turns of any or all the Wheels in the Movement 10. To find the Beats of the Ballance in all the Watches going or in one turn of any Wheel 11. Two strokes to every tooth of the Crown wheel 14. Sect. 2. Calculation of the Watch-part Several ways of performing one and the same motion 15. A Rule to vary Numbers 16. The way of working the Golden Rule 17. A very useful Rule to vary inconvenient Numbers 18. Rules of perpetual use in proportioning the parts of a Watch 19. Examples of contriving a piece of ordinary Watch-work 22. Examples thereof for Minutes and Seconds 29. Sect. 3. Calculation of the Striking-part General Observations and Rules relating to the Wheel-work of a Clock p. 33. Rules of perpetual use in proportioning the parts of a Clock 35. Examples of Calculating the Numbers of a small Clock 38. Examples of Clocks of longer continuance 39. An useful Rule to find the number of Strokes in one turn of the Fusy 33. Examples of fixing the Pinion of Report 34. Sect. 4. Of Quarters and Chimes Notes concerning the Quarters 45. Of making the Chime-barrel 46. Of dividing it and setting on the Chime-pins 47. Chimes of Psal 100 and of a Song-tune 50. Another way of setting Chimes on the Barrel 52. Sect. 5. To calculate Numbers to represent the Celestial Motions Contrivance of Movements only to shew these Motions 53. To add it to a Watch that shews the hour of the day 55. A motion to shew the day of the month 56. To shew the Age of the Moon 57. To shew the day of the Year and Sun's place in the Ecliptick his Rising or Setting c. 58. To shew the Tydes ib. To represent the motion of the Planets fixed Stars c. 60. Chap. III. To alter Clock-work p. 62. Example of converting a 12 hour Ballance-clock into a Pendulum 63. To make it go 30 hours 65. To change the Clock-part 67. Chap. IV. To size Wheels and Pinions To do it Arithmetically 69. Mechanically 70. Chap. V. Of Pendulums Irregularities of Pendular motions remedied 71. Cause of the difference of the motion of the same Pendulum 72. True length of a Pendulum that vibrateth Seconds 73. To find the Center of Oscillation 74. To calculate the Lengths or Vibrations of Pendulums 75. A Table of Lengths and Swings 78. To correct the motion of a Pendulum 79. Chap. VI. The Antiquity and general History of Watch-work The ancientest Time-engine 82. The Grecian and Roman ways of measuring Time 83. Some horological Instruments mentioned by ancient Authors 84. Watch or Clock-work no new German Invention 86. The Sphere of Archimedes 87. Of Poâ—idonius 89. The beginning of our present Clock-work 91. Clocks that perform strange feats 92. Chap. VII The Invention of Pendulum Watches Mr. Hugens the Inventer p. 93. Others claiming it 94. Their beginning in England 95. The contriver of their carrying a heavy Ball c. 96. Their use ibid. The Circular Pendulum 97. Chap. VIII Of the Invention of Pocket Pendulum Watches Inventer p. 99. Several ways of them ib. The time when invented 103. Mr. Hugens's Watch 104. Chap. IX The Invention of Repeating Clocks The Inventer p. 106. When and by whom first used in Pocket Clocks 107. Chap. XI Numbers for various Movements The way of Watch-makers writing down their Numbers 109. Numbers of an 8 day Piece 110. A Month Piece 112. A Two Month Piece 113. A Quarter of Year piece 114. An Half Year Piece ib. A Year Piece 115. A lesser 30 hours Piece ib. A small Week Piece ib. A small Month Piece 116. A small Year Piece ib. An 8 day Piece Pend. 3 inches 117. Numbers representing the Motion of the Planet Saturn 118. Of Jupiter ib. Monsieur Romer's Instrument for Jupiter's Satellites 119. Numbers for Mars Venus and Mercury 120. For the Dragons Head and Tail 121. Numbers for Pocket Watches of 8 days ib. Of 30 hours 122 123. The way to amend the Numbers 123. Chap. XI Tables of Time A Table for ready casting up the parts of Time 124. A Table to set a Watch by the Fixed Stars 125. A Table of the Variations of the Hour by the Sun's Refraction 117. Observations concerning Refractions and the Variations of the Hour 128 The Artificial CLOCK-MAKER CHAP. I. Of the Terms of Art or Names by which the parts of an Automaton are called IT is necessary that I should shew the meaning of those Terms which Clock-makers use that Gentlemen and others unskilful in the Art may know how to express themselves properly in speaking and also understand what I shall say in the following Book I shall not trouble the Reader with a recital of every name that doth occur but only such as I shall have occasion to use in the following discourse and some few others that offer themselves upon a transient view of a piece of work I begin with the more general Terms as the Frame which is that which contains the Wheels and the rest of the work The Pillars and Plates are what it chiefly consists of Next for the Spring and its appurtenances That which the Spring lies in is the Spring-box that which the Spring laps about in the middle of the Spring-box is the Spring-Arbor to which the Spring is hooked at one end At the top of the Spring-Arbor is the Endless-Screw and its Wheel That which the Spring draweth and about

hath been directed in the former Sections your work is done The Wheels and Pinions may be as you see done in the Margin Or if a larger Pinion than one of 5 be necessary by reason it is concentrick to a Wheel you may take 10 for the Pinion and 40 for the Wheel as in the Margin The work will lye thus in the Movement viz. Fix your Pinion 10 concentrical to the Dial-wheel or to turn round with it upon the same Spindle This Pinion 10 drives the Wheel 40 which Wheel has the Pinion 4 in its center which carrieth about a Ring of 62 teeth divided on the upper side into 31 days Or you may without the trouble of many Wheels effect this motion viâ— By a Ring divided into 30 or 31 days and as many Fangs or Teeth like a Crown wheel teeth which are caught and pushed forward once in 24 hours by a pin in a Wheel that goeth round in that time This is the usual way in the Royal Pendulums and many other Clocks and therefore being common I shall say no more of it Â§ 3. A Motion to shew the age of the Moon The Moon finisheth her course so as to overtake the Sun in 29 days and a little above an half This 29 Â½ days not regarding the small excess makes 59 twelve hours or turns of the Dial-wheel which is to be broken into convenient quotients which may be 5 9 and 10 as in the first example or 14Â¾ and 4 as in the second example in the Margin So that if you fix a Pinion of 10 concentrical with your Dial-wheel to drive a Wheel of 40 according to the last example which Wheel 40 drives a Pinion 4 which carries about a Ring or Wheel of 59 teeth divided on the upper side into 29 Â½ 't will shew the Moons age Â§ 4. A Motion to shew the day of the Year the Sun's place in the Ecliptick Sun's Rising or Setting or any other annual motion of 365 days The double of 365 is 730 the turns of the Dial-wheel in an year which may be broken into these quotients viz. 18 Â¼ and 10 and 4 according to the first example or 18 Â¼ 8 and 5 according to the second So that a Pinion of 5 is to lead a Wheel of 20 which again by a Pinion of 4 leadeth a Wheel of 40 which thirdly by a Pinion of 4 carrieth about a Wheel or Ring of 73 divided into the 12 months and their days or into the 12 signs and their degrees or into the Sun's Rising and Setting c. For the setting on of which last you have a Table in Mr. Oughtred's Opuscula Â§ 5. To shew the Tides at any Port. This is done without any other trouble than the Moon 's Ring before mentioned Â§ 3. to move round a fixed circle divided into twice 12 hours and numbered the contrary way to the age of the Moon To set this to go right you must find out at what Point of the Compass the Moon makes full Sea at the place you would have your Watch serve to Convert that point into hours allowing for every point North or S. lost 45â€² of an hour Thus at London-bridge 't is vulgarly thought to be high Tide the Moon at N. E. and S. W which are 4 Points from the N. and S. Or you may do thus by Tide-tables learn how many hours from the Moon 's Southing 't is High-water Or thus find at what hour it is High-water at the Full or Change of the Mâ—on as at London-bridge the full Tide is commonly reckoned to be 3 hours from the Moon 's Southing or at 3 of clock at the Full and Change The day of Conjunction or New-Moon with a little stud to point being set to the hour so found will afterwards point to the hour of full Tide This is the usual way but it being always in motion as the Tides are not a better way may be found out viz. By causing a Wheel or Ring to be moved forward only twice a day and to keep time as near as can be with Mr. Flamsteed's most correct Tables But this I shall commit to the Readers contrivance it being easie and more of curiosity than use Â§ 6. To Calculate Numbers to shew the Motion of the Planets the Slow Motion of the Fixed Stars and of the Sun's Apogeum c. Having said enough before that may be applied here and they being only curiosities seldom put in practice I shall not therefore trouble the Reader or swell my Book with so many words as would be required to treat of these Motions distinctly and compleatly Only thus much in general Knowing the years of any of these Revolutions you may break this number into quotients if you will make the Revolution to depend upon the year's Motion which is already in the Movement and described Â§ 4. before Or if you would have it depend upon the Dial-wheel or upon the Beats of a Penduluâ— enough is said before to direct in mis matter In all these Slow motions you may somewhat â—â—â—â—ten your labour by endless Screws to serve for Pinions which are but as a Pinion of one tooth Sir Jonas Moor's account of his large â—phere going by Clock-work will suffiâ—ently illustrate this paragraph In this â—phere is a Motion of 17100 years for â—he Sun's Apogeum performed by six â—heels thus as Sir Jonas relates it For the Great-wheel fixed is 96 a Spindle-wheel of 12 bars turns round it 8 times in 24 hours that is in 3 hours after these there are four Wheels 20 73 24 and 75 wrought by endless Screws that are in value but one therefore 3 20 73 24 and 75 multiplied together continually produceth 7884000 hours which divided by 24 gives 3285000 days equal to 900 years Now on the last wheel 75 is a pinion of 6 turning a great Wheel that carrieth the Apogeum number 114 and 114 divided by 6 gives 19 the quotient and 900 times 19 is 17100 years Thus I have with all the perspicuity I â—ould led my Reader through the whole â—rt of Calculation so much of it at least â—at I hope he will be master of it all not â—ly of those motions which I have parâ—cularly treated about but of any other â—t mentioned Such as the Revolution of the Dragons Head and Tail whereby the Eclipses of the Sun and Moon are found the Revolution of the several Orbs according to the Ptolemaick System or of the celestial bodies themselves according to better Systems with many other such curious performances which have made the Sphere of Archimedes of old famous and since him that of William of Zeland and another of Janellus Turrianus of Cremona mentioned by Cardan and of late that elaborate piece of Mr. Watson late of Coventry now of London in her late Majesties Closet CHAP. III. To alter Clock-work or convert one Movement into another THis Chapter I design for the use of such as would convert old

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