Selected quad for the lemma: day_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
day_n	friday_n	monday_n	tuesday_n	5,928	5	12.5465	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66701	The new help to discourse or, Wit, mirth, and jollity. intermixt with more serious matters consisting of pleasant astrological, astronomical, philosophical, grammatical, physical, chyrurgical, historical, moral, and poetical questions and answers. As also histories, poems, songs, epitaphs, epigrams, anagrams, acrosticks, riddles, jests, poesies, complements, &c. With several other varieties intermixt; together with The countrey-man's guide; containing directions for the true knowledge of several matters concerning astronomy and husbandry, in a more plain and easie method than any yet extant. By W. W. gent.	Winstanley, William, 1628?-1698.; Winstanley, William, 1628?-1698. Country-man's guide. aut.	1680 (1680)	Wing W3070; ESTC R222284	116,837	246

ground remaining a deep pit August 4. Anno 1584. At the end of the Town call'd Nottingham in Kent eight miles from London the ground began to sink three great Elms being swallowed up and driven into the Earth past mans sight March 17. 1586. A strange thing happened Mr. Dorrington of Spaldwick in the County of Huntington Esquire had a Horse which dyed suddenly and being ripped up to see the cause of his death there was found ●n a hole of the heart of the Horse a Worm of a wondrous form it lay on a round heap ●n a Kall or Skin in the likeness of a Toad which being taken out and spreed abroad was in form and fashion not easie to be described the length of which worm divided into many grains to the number of eighty spread from the body like the branches of a Tree was from the snout to the end of the longest grain seventeen inches having four Issues in the grains from whence dropped forth a red water The body in bigness round about was three inches and a half the colour was very like the colour of a Maycril This monstrous worm crawling about to have got away was stabbed in with a dagger and so died which after being dryed was shown to many persons of account for a great rarity Sunday December 5. in the thirty eighth year of Queen Elizabeths Reign a great number of people being assembled in the Cathedral Church of Wells in Sommersetshire in the Sermon time before noon a sudden darkness fell among them and storm and tempest follow'd after with lightning and thunder such as overthrew to the ground them that were in the body of the Church and all the Church seemed to be on a ligat fire a loathsome stench followed some stones were stricken out of the Bell-Tower the Wyers and Irons of the Clock were melted which tempest being ceased and the people come again to themselves some of them were found to be marked with strange figures on their bodies and their garments not perished nor any marked that were in the Chancel How daily ought we then for to pray thus From Lightning and Tempest Lord deliver us Anno 1604. in the Reign of King James John Lepton of Kepwick in the county of York Esquire a Gentleman of an ancient Family and of good reputation his Majesties Servant and one of the Grooms of his most honourable privy Chamber performed so memorable a journey as deserves to be recorded to future ages because many Gentlemen who were good Horse-men and divers Physicians did affirm it was impossible for him to do without apparent danger of his life He undertook to ride five several times betwixt London and York in six dayes to be taken in one week betwixt Munday morning and Saturday night He began his journey upon munday being the 26 of May in the year aoresaid betwixt two and three of the Clock n● the morning forth of Saint Martins near Aldersgate within the City of London and came to York the same day betwixt the hours of five and six in the afternoon where he rested that night The next morning being Tuesday about three of the clock he took his journey forth of York and came to his lodging in Saint Martins aforesaid betwixt the hours of six and seven in the afternoon where he rested that night The next morning being Wednesday betwixt two and three of the clock he took his journey forth of London and came into York about seven of the clock the same day where he rested that night the next morning being Thursday betwixt two and three of the Clock he took his journey forth of York and came to London the same day betwixt seven and eight of the clock where he rested that night the next morning being Fryday betwixt two and three of the clock he ●ook his journey towards York and came thither the same day betwixt the hours of seven and eight in the afternoon so as he finished his appointed journey to the admiration of all men in five days according to his promise and upon Munday the seven and twentieth of the same Moneth he went from York and came to the Court at Greenwich upon Tuesday the 28. to his Majesty in as fresh and cheerful manner as when he first began Anno 1608. in the fifth year of King James upon the 19. of February when it should have been low water at London-Bridge quite contrary to course it was then high water and presently it ebbed almost half an hour the quantity of a foot and then suddenly it flowed again almost two foot higher than it did before and then ebbed again until it came to its course almost as it was at first so that the next flood began in a manner as it should and kept its due course in all respects as if there had been no shifting nor alteration of Tydes all this happened before twelve a clock in the forenoon the water being indifferent calm And now we are come to our own memory viz. the Reign of King Charles the First in which we find that there was a Fish taken and sold in Cambridge Market which had in its belly a book of an ancient print part whereof was consumed but enough left to be legibly read as you may find in Mr. Hammond Lestrange his History of King Charles the first The wonder of his time old Thomas Parre a Shropshire man who attained to the age of 152 years and odd months being afterwards brought up to the Court as a miracle of nature but having changed his air and dyet he soon after dyed and was buried in Westminster Abbey The Woman at Oxford which was condemned upon a supposed crime having hanged a good space and being by the Soldiers knockt divers times on the breast with the but-end of their Muskets to put her the sooner out of her pain yet afterwards when she was cut down and ready to be Anatomized there was life perceived in her and by applying some things unto her she recover'd her memory and senses was afterwards found guiltless of the fact married and had three or four children June the second Anno 1657. a Whale of a prodigious bulk being sixty foot in length and of a proportionable bigness was cast on shore not far from Green-wich which was lookt upon to be a great presage of some wonderful matters soon after to ensue and indeed the event proved it to be true for not long after Cromwel full sore against his will in a great wind was hurryed away into another World The last but not the least wonder is of one Martha Taylor hear to Packwel in Darbyshire who from Saint Thomas day in the year ● four Lord 1667. to the present writing hereof being the 11. day of January 1668. hath not asted any sustenance in all that time she ●s still living and audible to be heard but more like an anatomy or Picture of death than ● living creature Qu. What other wonders are there to be

and began to shed his infant blood by the stony knife of Circumcision And it is called Newyears-day from the account of the old Romans who began their year from that day 6 Jan. Twelfth-day or the Epiphany of our Lord is a Feast Solemnized in memory and honour of Christs manifestation and apparition to the Gentiles by a miraculous blazing Star by vertue whereof three Kings were conducted to adore him in the Manger where they presented him as on this day with Gold Myrrh and Frankincense in testimony of his Regality Humanity and Divinity The Word Epiphany comes from the Greek and signifies an apparition and is called Twelfth-day because celebrated the Twelfth-day after Christs Nativity exclusively 2 Febr. Candlemas-day or the Purification of the blessed Virgin is a Feast in memory and honour both of the presentation of our Saviour Christ and the Purification of the Virgin Mary in the Temple of Jerusalem the fortieth day after her happy Childbirth performed according to the Law of Moses Levit. 12. 6. And it is called Purification from the Latine word which signifieth to Purifie not that the blessed Virgin had contracted any thing by her Childbirth which needed purifying being the mother of Purity it self but because other common Mothers were by this ceremonial right freed from the Legal Impurity of their Childbirths The four Sundays of Septuagesima Sexagesima Quinquagesima and Quadragesima were days appropriated for preparation to the devotions of Lent and take their numeral denominations from Quadragesima-Sunday so called because 't is about the fortieth day before Easter Shrovetide signifies the time of Shrift for in former time the people used then to confess their sins to a Priest the better to prepare themselves for a holy observation of Lent and worthy receiving the blessed Sacrament at Easter Ashwednesday is so called by the Romanists from the Ceremony they have on that day of blessing of Ashes wherewith the Priest signifie the people with a Cross on their foreheads saying unto them Memento homo quia pulvis es in pulverem revertes Remember man that thou art dust and to dust thou shalt be turn'd The Ashes which they use this day are made of the Palmes bless'd the Palm-Sunday before Lent is called in Latine Quadragesima because it is a Fast of forty days in remembrance of Christs fasting forty days and forty nights in the Wilderness which fast has been observed in England near one thousand years according to Sir Richard Baker in his Chronicle and hath been continued to these days in the time of Reformation not out of any superstitious end but for the encrease of the fishing Trade and preservation of the breed of young Cattle The Sea loth will the Land doth wish For sparing Flesh to feed on Fish Palm-sunday was instituted in memory and honor of the triumphant entry of our Savior into Jerusalem and was so called from the Palm-Branches which the Hebrew Children strewed under his feet crying Hosanna to the Son of David Math. 21. 15. Maundy Thursday is a Feast in memory of our Lords last Supper when he instituted the blessed Sacrament of his precious body and blood And it is call'd Maundy Thursday quasi Mandatum or Mandat Thursday from those words in John 13. 34. Mandatum novum do vobis c. I give you a new command or mandat that you love one another as I have loved you good-Good-Friday is that memorable day on which the great and glorious work of our Redemption was consummated by our Savior Jesus Christ on his bloody Cross between ●wo Thieves at Jerusalem 25 March Annunciation of the blessed Virgin is a Feast in memory of that most happy Embassy brought to her from God by the Angel Gabriel upon which through her consent ●nd the operation of the holy Spirit God was incarnate in her most sacred Womb. Easter-Day in Latine Pascha is a great Festival in memory and honour of our Saviours Resurrection or rising from the dead on the third day after he was Crucified Mat. ●8 6. and it is called Easter from Oriens the East or rising one of the Titles of Christ And his name sayes the Prophet shall be called Oriens Munday and Tuesday following are also kept ●oly in memory of some of Christs first Ap●aritions after his Resurrection which are ●ommemorated on these two dayes for the greater solemnity of the chief Feast Low-Sunday called Dominica in Albis is the ●ctave of Easter day and is so named from ●he white Garments which the Catechumeni ●● Neophites used to wear which they put ●n at their Baptism and solemnly put off with this day Holy Thursday or Ascension day is a Feast solemnized in memory of Christ's glorious Ascension into Heaven the fortieth day after ●is Resurrection in the sight of his Apostles ●nd Disciples Acts 2. 9 10. 3 May. The Invention of the Holy Cross otherwise called Holy Rood-day is so called from the Invention or finding out of the Cross on which our Saviour suffered by Hellen mother to Constantine the Great after it had been hid and buried by the Infidels 180 years who erected a Statua of Venus in place of it Rogation Week which is always the next but one before Whitsunday is so called from Rogo to ask and pray because then Lettanie● were wont to be used to beg and supplicate the blessing of God upon the fruits of the earth The Belgians call it Craysweek and we in England Gang week from the Ganging or going in procession and perambulation then used about the Parish c. Whitsunday or Pentecost is a solemn Feast in memory and honour of the coming of the Holy Ghost upon the heads of the Apostles in tongues as it were of fire Acts 2. 3. Pentecost in Greek signifies the fiftieth it being the fiftieth after the Resurrection And 't is called Whitsunday from the Catechumens being anciently cloathed in White and admitted o● the Eve of this Feast to the Sacrament o● Baptism The old Saxons called it Weed Sunday i. e. holy Sunday for Wied or Wihe● signifies holy in that Language which also may have prov'd one occasion of this name Trinity Sunday is the octave of Whit sunday dedicated to the honour of the blessed Trinity to signifie that the works of our Redemption and Sanctification then compleated are common to all the three Persons Corpus Christi day which is always the next Thursday after Trinity Sunday is by the Romanists celebrated with greet solemnity they carrying on that day the Sacrament of the Altar about in Procession the Priests and all ●he people expressing their highest devotions with musick and lights and flowers strewed along the streets and their best Tapestry upon the walls c. 10. Aug. St. Lawrence the Deacon who in ●he Primitive times was most cruelly broyled in a Gridiron for the faith of Christ which Martyrdom he suffered with incomparable ●ortitude in the midst of his torments thus ●rying out to his bloody Persecuter This side is toasted now

permanent His handy work doth tell Day unto day doth teach And of the Lord do preach His wondrous works relating Night unto night doth show That every one might know His wisdom them creating There is no speech nor Land But this doth understand Though it far distant lyes Yet doth it heart the noise Acknowledging the voice And Language of the Skyes c. Qu. At what time of the year according to the opinion of many men was the world created An. That the world began in Autumn is of late the opinion of many both Divines and Chronologers And yet of old the ancient Fathers Eusebius Basil Athanasius Ambrose Cyril of Jerusalem Augustine Nazianzen Damascen Bede Psidore c. were persuaded otherwise Yea in a Synod holden in Palestine by Theophilus Bishop of Caesarea it was agreed that the World was made in the Spring Nor is that but a great question betwixt two furious Rabbins for though the Rabbins for the most part be for Autumn yet R. Josua maintains the contrary against Eleazer another great Rabbi who contends for Autumn True it is that the year of Jubilee began alwayes at Autumn howbeit the first month of the year was to be reckoned from the Spring which is as Moses saith to the Israelites Ezod 12. 2. This shall be to you the beginning of Months as if he had said though whilst you were in Aegypt you followed another reckoning yet it was divers from that which ye had at the first for this is to you the beginning of months or the natural head of the year Nor did the Chaldeans with whom Abrabam lived a long time reckon otherwise And successively since Astrologers have accounted the revolutions of the world from the vernal Equinox at the Suns entrance into the first scruple of Aries Translated out of Manilius Lib. 4. ALl Animals that be do groveling lye Or in the Earth the Water or the Sky One rest one sence one belly like in all Which they communicate in general But man consists of soul and body linkt Of Councils capable of voice distinct He into natural causes doth inspect And knows what to devise how to direct Into the world he Arts and science brings And searcheth out the hidden birth of things The unplow'd earth he to his will subdues And all it brings forth he knows how to use The untam'd Beasts he doth at pleasure bind He in the Seas untroden paths doth find He only stands with an erected brest As the sole Victor over all the rest His Star-like eyes into the Stars inquire The Heavens themselves he scales if he desire He seeks out Jove his thoughts will not be ty'd The Stars from him in vain themselves do hide He not content to look them in the faces Ransacks their Houses there most secret places This is the scope of mans all prying mind Himself he hopes amongst the Stars to find Of the unfortunate and fatal Days in the Year THe ancient Astronomers have observ'd certain days in every month to be held very fatal and unfortunate in which they accounted it ominous to begin or undertake any matter which days be as follow January the 1 2 4 5 10 15 17 and 19 February the 8 10 and 17. March the 15 16 and 19. April the 16 and 21. May the 7 11 and 20. June the 4 and 7. July the 15 and 20. August the 19 and 20. September the 6 and 7. October the 5. November the 15 and 19. December the 6 7 and 9. Also they will have in every change of the Moon two unfortunate days in which they advise no man to begin any work or undertake any journey because it shall come to no good end Which days be these In Jan. the 3 and 4 days of the new Moon In February 5 and 7 In March 6 and 7. In April 5 and 8. In May 8 and 9. In June 5 and 15. In July 3 and 13. In August 8 and 13. In September 8 and 13. In October 5 and 12. In November 5 and 9. In December 3 and 13. Others there be which note out of the whole year six most unfortunate days above all other wherein they advise no man to bleed or take any drink because the effects of the Constellation work mightily to death and in other respects they be right unfortunate which days be these January the 3. April the 30. July the 1. August the 1. October the 2. December the 30. Others again there be which observe three dangerous Mundays to begin any business fall sick or undertake any journey viz. First Munday in April on which day Cain was born and his Brother 6 bel slain Second Munday in August on which day Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed 31 of December on which day Jadas was born that betrayed Christ Likewise throughout England the 28 of December being Innocents day is called Childermas or Cros●-day and is so accounted every week Moreover there be certain unfortunate and bad days in the year called Dog-Days which be very prejudicial to mans health they begin the 19 day of July and end the 27 of August the malignity of which days Pliny reporteth Lib Chap 40. of his Natural History Exact rules to find out the beginning and ending of the Terms with the number of their Returns HIllary Term begins always the 23 of January and ends February the 12 and hath four Returns Easter Term begins always on the Wednesday fortnight after Easter ends the Munday after Ascension day and hath five Returns Trinity Term begins always the Fryday after Trinity and ends the Wednesday fortnight after and hath four Returns Michaelmas Term begins October the 23. and ends November the 21. and hath six Returns Note that the Exchequer opens 8 days before any Term begins except Trinity Term before which it opens only 4 days Of Weights and Measures commonly used in England THe most common Weight used in England are Troy and Avoirdupois by the first is weighed Wheat Bread Gold Silver c. which Troy-weight contains in every pound twelve ounces every ounce twenty penny weight and every penny weight twenty four grains whereby a mark weight ariseth just to eighty ounces By the second and more common weight of Avoirdupois is weighed all kind of Grocery ware Physical drugs and gross wares as Rosin Pitch Hemp c. and all Iron Copper Tin or other metals this weight hath sixteen ounces to the pound and is divided into grains scruples drams and ounces so that one pound Avoirdupois contains 16 ounces 128 drams 384 scruples and 7680 grains How Ale and Beer it measured These two sorts of Liquors are measured by pints quarts pottles gallons firkins kilderkins and barrels so that a barrel of Beer contains two kilderkins four Firkins thirty six gallons seventy two pottles 144 quarts and 282 pints A Barrel of Ale is two kilderkins four firkins thirty two gallons sixty four pottles 128 quarts and 256 pints so then the Barrel of Ale is less than the Barrel of Beer

An. They are of the same Tenets with the Graecians excepting only that that they celebrate Divine Service as solemnly on the Saturday as the Sunday They take their denomination from Melchi which in the Syriac● signifieth a King because in matters of Religion the people followed the Emperors Injunctions and were of the Kings Religion a● the saying is Qu. What Sect of Christians are those calles Maranites An. They are a People found onely in Moun● Libanus their Patriarch is alwayes called Peter he hath under his jurisdiction nine Bishops and resideth commonly at Tripolis They held heretofore divers opinions with the Graecians but in the Papacy of Clement the eighth they received the Roman Religion which they do still adhere to Qu. What different Tenets are those of the Armenian Christians from the rest of their Neighbours An. Four 1. In receiving Infants to the Lords Table immediately after Baptism 2. In abstaining from unclean Beasts 3. In fasting on Christmas-day 4. In holding their Children over the fire as a necessary circumstance in Baptism because John the Baptist told the people which followed him that Christ should Baptise them with the Spirit and with fire This Sect is very numerous and is governed by two Patriarchs whereof the one hath under his jurisdiction all Turcomania a great Province in Armenia the greater comprehending 150000 Families besides very many Monasteries and the other hath under him the two Provinces of Armenia the lesser and Cilicia comprehending 20000 Families or thereabouts Qu. What are those Christians called Georgians An. They are the inhabitants of Georgia and consent in most Doctrinal points with the Grecians onely they acknowledge not the Patriarch of Constantinople but have a Patriarch of their own who is for the most part resident in his house on Mount Sinai in Palestina and hath under his jurisdiction eighteen Bishops Qu. What were the different opinions of the Indian Christians before such time they imbraced the Doctrine of the Church of Rome An. 1. To administer the Sacrament with bread season'd with salt 2. In stead of Wine to use the iuice of Raisons softned in water one night and so dressed forth 3. Not to baptize their children till forty days old unless in danger of death 4. To permit no Images in their Churches but of the Cross onely 5. To debar their Priests from second marriages And sixthly to paint God with three heads on one body denoting thereby the Trinity Qu. Wherein do the Copties or Christians of Egypt differ from other Christians An. In these four particulars 1. They confer all sacred orders under the Priesthood upon Infants immediately after Baptism their Parents till they come to sixteen years of age performing their office for them 2. They allow marriage in the second degree of Consanguinity without any dispensation 3. They observe not the Lords-day nor any other Festivals but onely in the Cities 4. They embrace and read in their Liturgies a Gospel written as they say by Nicodemus Qu. What special Sects were amongst the Jews An. These four Scribes Pharisees Essenes and Sadduces Qu. What were the Scribes An. Their office was double first to read and expound the Law in the Temple and Synagogues and secondly to execute the office of a Judge in ending and composing actions Qu. What were the Pharisees An. The Pharisees owe their name to Phares which signifieth both interpretari separare as being both interpreters of the Law and Separatists from the rest of the Jewish Church besides the Pentateuch or five Books of Moses they adhered also to traditions They denyed the sacred Trinity and held the fulfilling of the Law to consist in the outward Ceremonies They relyed more on their own merits than Gods mercy attributing most things to destiny and refused commerce with Publicans and Sinners Qu. What were the Essenes An. The Essenes had their name from Ascha that is facere because they wrought with their hands They lived together as it were in Colledges and in it every one had their Chappel for their devotion All their estates they enjoyed in common and received no man into their fellowship unless he would give all that he had into their Treasury and not then under a three years probationership Qu. What were the Sadduces An. The Sadduces received their Name from Sedec●● which signifieth Justice They believed not the being of Angels or Spirits the resurrection of the body nor that there was a Holy Ghost and received for Scripture onely the Pentateuch or five books of Moses Qu. Wherein doth 〈◊〉 Fundamentals of the Mahumetan Religion consist An. The whole is delivered in the book of their Religion called the Alcoran and is but an Exposition and Gloss of these eight Commandments 1. Every one ought to believe that God is a great God and onely God and Mahomet is his Prophet 2. Every man must marry to encrease the Sectaries of Mahomet 3. Every one must give of his wealth to the poor 4. Every one must make his prayers five times in a day 5. Every one must keep a Lent one month in the Year 6. Be obedient to thy parents 7. Thou shalt not kill 8. Do unto others as thou wouldest be done unto thy self Many other Injunctions he laid upon them as forbidding them Wine and the eating of Swines-flesh Fryday he ordained to be the Sabbath day to distinguish his Followers from Jews and Christians who solemnize the days following To those who observed his Religion and faithfully kept his Laws he promised Paradise spread here and there with Silk Carpets adorned with verdant flowery Fields watered with Christaline Rivers and beautified with trees of Gold and Arbors of pleasure in whose cool shade they shall spend their time with amorous Virgins whose mansion shall not be far distant The men shall never exceed the age of thirty years nor the women of fifteen and both shall have their Virginities renewed as fast as lost Thus whereas men no knowledge have within them This was the onely way to take to win them A carnal heart minds onely sordid pleasure And never looketh after Heavenly Treasure Many idle ridiculous Opinions do they hold concerning the end of the world that at the winding of a Horn not all flesh only but the Angels themselves shall die That the Earth with an Earthquake shall be kneaded together lke a lump of Dough That a second blast of the same Horn shall after forty days restore all again That Cain shall be the Captain or Ring-leader of the Damned who shall have the countenances of Dogs and Swine That they shall pass over the Bridge of Justice laden with their sins in Satchels that the greater sinners shall fall into Hell the lesser into Purgatory only That all those who professed and practised any Religion should go into Paradise the Jews under the Banner of Moses the Christians under the Banner of Christ And that himself should be metamorphosed into a great Ram and all those of his followers into little fleas

dayes which the Solar year doth exceed the Lunar the one consisting of 365 dayes the other of 354 so that in every 4 years there is added a number more than 30 which being greater than the Epact can be for from change to change there can be but 30 days therefore 30 being taken from that excess the remainder is the Epact for the next year The Epact is thus found out multiply the Golden Number of the year by 11. the product whereof if it be under 30 is the Epact but if it be above 30. they divide the product by 30. and the remainder shall be the Epact Qu. What is the Circle of the Sun An. The Circle of the Sun is a Revolution of 28 years in which time the Dominical Letters make all their several changes and is called the Solar Circle because it comprehends all the varieties and changes that the Sunday Letter can have Qu. What is the meaning of the Dominical Letter An. The Dominical Letter is alwaies one of these seven A. B. C. D. E. F. G. and sheweth the Sunday Letter all the year But in Bissextile or Leap-year there be two Dominical Letters whereof the first holdeth from the beginning of January to St. Mathias Eve and the other to the years end The Golden Number and the Dominical Letter change the first of January and the Epact the first of March Easter day never talleth lower than the 23 of March nor higher than the 25 of April Shrove sunday hath his range between the first of February and the 7 of March Whit-sunday between the 10 of May and the 13 of June and for a Rule for Shrovetide the Tuesday after the change of the Moon in February is always Shrove Tuesday Qu. What causes the Eclipses and Full of the Moon An. The Eclipse of the Moon is caused by the interposition of the Earth betwixt the Sun and her for she being a dark body of her self and having no light but what she borrows by reflection from the Sun so far as the Earth interposes so much of her is darkened The cause of the Sans Eclipse is when the Moon passes betwixt the Sun and us and shadows some of the body thereof from our sight so that what part is interposed by the Moon cannot be seen by us by reason she is a dark body hiding the same from our sight The Moon being in right opposition against the Sun causes her to be at the full as her increase is by drawing nearer to opposition and her decrease by departing further off Qu. Of what substance be the Stars what are their motions and what causeth blazing Stars An. The Stars are of the same substance with the Moon thick aad not transparent as the Heavens borrowing all their light from the Sun being otherwise of themselves dark bodies and shine as well in the day as the night though by reason of the Suns refulgent beams they are not obvious to our sight And as for their motion it is the same of the Heavens wherein they are placed Shooting or blazing Stars are hot fumes of a thick substance like glew which being exhaled above in the air and bovering alost until it be kindled flyes like a squib through the Air but if it mount to a higher place and there be kindled it turneth to a blazing Star A brief discourse of the natural cause of Airy Meteors as Snow Hail Rain c. YOu must first understand that there be four Elements viz. Fire Air Water and Earth the Fire is hot and dry the Air hot and moist the Water cold and moist and the Earth cold and dry These four Elements are the simples whereof all things under the Moon are made compounded and mixt Of Rain Rain is a cold vapour and earthly humour drawn from the Earth by the vertue of the Sun and the rest of the Planets into the middle Region of the Air where by the extremity of cold it is thickned into the body of a Cloud which the wind driving before it it doth dissolve and fall upon the Earth Of Snow Snow is ingendred of Rain the Cloud congealing through extremity of cold but not altogether so hard as Hail Pliny writes that the Hail sooner melts than Snow and that Hail falls oftner in the day than the night Of Hail Hail is likewise ingendred of Rain which the excessive cold when the Cloud dissolves freezes the drops and congeals into Ice whereby great and irregular stones do sometimes fall on the Earth Stow in his Annals reports that in the time of King Henry the 8. Anno 1545 there fell in Lancashire Hail-stones as big as mens fists and that which is most strange some were of the shape of mens faces others were fashioned like Gun-holes c. In the 23 year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth August 12. Anno 1581. there fell a great shower of Hailstones which were fashioned like the Rowels of spurs and were two or three inches about Of Frost and Dew Dew is a thin vapour which through the faint heat of the Suns elevating it self but a little from the Earth presently at night descendeth again which in the Spring-time is called Dew but in the Winter by means of cold being congealed it is called Frost Of Wind. Wind is hot and dry fumes drawn from the Earth by the Stars which seeking to fly to the Sun is by the freezing cold driven back but from the fields fumes another fire which carries them back again so that thereby together with the confluence of other exhalations rising out of the Earth his motion is forced to be rather round than right and the reason why he bloweth more sharply one time than another and in some places more than others and sometimes not at all is fumes arising out of new exhalations and out of Floods Fenns and Marshes joyning with it to encrease his force the defect or dulness whereof may either allay or increase it as also the Globe or rotundity of the Earth may be the cause of the blowing of it more in one place than in another or Mountains Hills or Woods may hinder his force from blowing in all places eqnal whereas upon the Plain and broad Sea it bloweth with an equal force and as for the stilness or ceasing thereof it cometh to pass divers ways either by frost closing or congealing up the pores of the earth whence it should issue or by the heat of the Sun drying up fumes and vapors that should encrease it and whereof it is ingendred Of Earth-quakes Earth-quakes are caused by plenty of wind which getting into the holes and caverns of the earth and wanting a vent the earth closing again causeth the shaking or Earth-quake which is more violent according to the quantity of wind so inclosed Anno 1580. in the 22 year of Queen Elizabeths Reign happened a terrible Earth-quake at London and generally throughout all England by violence whereof the great Clock-bell a● Westminster struck against the hammer as divers