three or four foot in height the use whereof is so manifest as that I shall not need to publish the same in any plainer terms A Stove to keep dwarf trees in But if to have early Fruit we do neither regard labor nor charge then let us build a square and close room having many degrees of shelves one above another in which we may aptly place so many of these Dwarf-trees as we shall think good in time of cold weather we may keep the same warm in nature of a Stove with a small fire being made in such Furnaces and in such manner as I will at all times be ready to shew to such as are willing to make any use thereof and if the weather be fair and open and that the room be made full of windows or open sides we may for such time use the benefit of the Sun-shine or carry them abroad at our pleasure and for the forwarding of your Fruits When to place the Trees in a Stove you shall not need to begin this practice till the sap begin to rise and then but for a few moneths onely except in the night time when we shall fear any frosty or other nipping weather A Stove kept with small charge There be divers persons whom this secret doth fit very well and may perform the same without expence of money amongst which number are all such as are forced in respect of their trade to keep any great or continual fires as Brewers Diers Soap-boilers Refiners of Sugar and the owners of Glass-houses and such like who may easily convey the heat or steam of their fires which is now utterly lost into some private room adjoyning wherin they may bestow their Fruit trees to their greater pleasure contentment Winter Parlors made Orchards Neither do I think it an unseemly sight to have some dozen or twenty of these Dwarf-trees ranked in good order upon high shelves in our winter-Parlors where we may also make a second use of our chargeable fires Yet this caveat let me give by the way which I learned by the experience of my friend who in one frosty night A caveat for dwarf trees that have been tenderly kept by the negligence of his Servant lost 20 of the fairest Carnation Pots that I have seen being all of them very full of Buds and many of them blown out in the dead of winter and all this happened by leaving them onely one frosty night abroad that when we have made our Dwarf-trees thus tender by defending them from all cold and hard weather by a close and warm Stove that we must be very careful that if to take the advantage of a showre of rain or some other fair and sunny weather we happen to carry them abroad that about the Sun-set or rather somewhat before we convey them again to their place of refuge and some think it necessary to expose them to the air only in rainy and temperate days and rather to lose the rain then to set them abroad in a cold day I hope I shall not here need to give any advice for the necessary watring of these Trees in their convenient time Watering the dwarf trees in the Stove because there is no man so ignorant but that he knoweth that all Vegetables do receive both their life and nourishment from heat and moisture onely they may make their choice if they please of these several manners and likewise of some of these compound liquors as are elsewhere in this Discourse handled more at large whereby to water them in a more fructifying manner then any of our ordinary means doth afford set your pots in pans of water that hath been before exposed to the Sun Vines to bear early 5. The blood of beasts tempered with some lime and earth for without lime the blood engendreth great store of worms is most excellent to lay at the roots of Vines to hasten the ripening of the Grapes Several earths or moulds Quaere if the same be not good for all other Trees and Plants to that end I have also both heard and read of Pigeons dung greatly commended for the forwarding of Fruit-trees Quaere the ashes of Beans stalks or Vines or of salt alone or salt and earth first putrified together of Sope-ashes all those sundry sorts of Soyl more plentifully displayed in my Discourse upon the vegetable Salt if any of these being applied in due proportion and in the true season of the year will not afford some expedition in this work and how often it shall be necessary to change and renew your soil in one year if you mean to have the first Fruit and before all other Quaere Lime of Lime and of such earth as is found in hollow Willow trees and of Fearn first putrified 6. Nipping off Grapes When the Grapes are knit you must nip off the new sprigs from time to time as they put forth and thereby as some think your Grapes will both grow the greater and ripen the sooner Rooting of seeds within doors before they be sowed abroad 7 Mr. Googe in his book of Husbandry commendeth the mingling of stones with earth and so laid up together in a vessel one year before you plant them and by this means you may have store of Sets very speedily to make Hedges withal by planting them in a inner Garden as he termeth it Quaere if Pease Beans Pompeons Musk-Mellons and all other Pulse and Seeds which we would have to come early were used in this manner for a season in some small pots or other vessels and filled with rich mould and watered with the Liquors ante num 3. being first made blood warm and the same pots and vessels also placed in a gentle Stove or some other convenient place aptly warmed with the fire and after in March if it prove warm or else in the beginning of April if the same were sowen if so they would not be much forwarded 8. A Stove for all Vegetables good cheap And for the keeping of any Flowers or Plants abroad as also of these seeds thus sowen within doors or any other Pots of Flowers or Dwarf-trees in a temperate heat with small charge you may perform the same by hanging a cover of Tin or other mettall over the vessel wherein you boil your Beef or drive your Buck which having a pipe in the top and being made in the fashion of a funnel may be conveyed into what place of your Orchard or Garden you shall think meet which room if it were so made as that at your pleasure it may become either close or open you may keep it in the nature of a Stove in the night season or in any other cold weather and in the Summer time you may use the benefit of the Sun-beams to comfort and cherrish your Plants or Seeds And this way if I be not deceived you may have both Orange Lemons Pomgranet trees yea peradventure Coloqnintida and
less into leaves thou must assure thy self that thy Cions is ready to be taken off and graffed in such a stock as hath also buds of the like colour and bigness unto them by which means they will so jump in a sympathy of Nature together as that they will most lovingly and kindly embrace each other And note that the stock must always be as forward at the least as the Cions for otherwise the Stock will starve the Cions 75. The manner of implastering Inoculating or Graffing in the bud with all necessary circumstances In some smooth part of the Stock whereupon you mean to graff you must first slit the bark about half an inch overthwart the body or branch then slit likewise the bark thereof downward from the midst of the overthwart slit somewhat more then an inch in length into which convey your bud with the leaf at it so as you place bark to bark at the upper end and croping of the uppermost part of the leaf then binde the bark of the stock about the bud with such bands as are commonly used in the binding up of Brawn and close up the joynt with Loam and Moss well tempered together at three weeks end you must take off that band because the bud will swell and then you must binde the same again more easily with a new band but some do hold it sufficient to slit the band only in the backside and so to leave it Note that in the gathering of your bud you must be careful that you hurt not the bud in the inner side of the bark when you divide the same from the branch whereon it grew for if you finde any hole or pit therein it is a manifest sign that you have left the bud behind for the avoiding of which danger the best way of all other that ever I could finde was to slope the bark a little upward in taking off the bud and to slit down at the sides and bottom thereof so as it may be a pretty large square and then putting in your finger gently at the upper end to draw the same downward as you would slip off an Eels-skin this bud you must place in a square hole cut out of purpose for the same and sitting bark to bark as near as you can in every place Some in gathering of the leaf with the bud do make an overthwart slit a little above the leaf which leaf would be such a one as hath a fair swelling bud by it then they slit the bark on either side for the leaf and so make the same to meet in the base point in form of an Eschocheon Some do hold the best time of this graffing to be about the midst of June or few days before or after and some about the twelfth or fourteenth of June but you shall finde out the best time of all for this practice by the sappiness of the Tree when you slit the same and by the smooth and easie dividing of the Bark from the Tree If your bud take well then must you cut off the stock or branch whereon you have thus graffed about the end of December a shaftment about the bud and when the bud hath afterwards given a sufficient shoot then may you take off the branch or body whereon you graffed close at the bark of the bud sloping the same upward with your knife When you go about this work chuse a fair milde and temperate day and shun all rainy and windy weather Note also that after you have taken off your buds and untill you have sitted them in their stock or branch you must lay them in a sawcer of fair water to keep them moist and graff them as speedily as you may Cut the bands in sunder in the backside about three weeks or a moneth after you have graffed close it at the first with wax besides the bands let the schocheon be rather a little too big then any thing too little especially at the bottom for his place because it will shrink and be sure you close your schocheon well at the bottom and so likewise in the graffing of a Cion By this Art one smal twig well chosen and being full of buds will serve to graff sundry Trees and it is not amiss to graff in divers places of the same Tree if some should miss for this graffing though it take not doth not any way impair or hurt the Tree Graff Apple-tree-buds upon Apple-tree-stocks and so of Pear-trees and Stone-fruit-buds upon Stone-fruit-stocks Quaere of graffing one Rose upon another or upon any other Tree or branch Quaere if the bud would not be graffed in a shoot of the same year In stones Fruit it is thought better to graff upon a shoot of three years old at the least but in Pear-trees or Apples you may graff this way upon a shoot of one year Prepare your stock first and presently apply the bud for it is a rule in all graffing whatsoever the sooner that you close them the more ready they will be to knit together even as a piece of flesh that is newly cut being presently bound up will heal more speedily whilst the vital spirits be yet warm 76. How to sow sufficiently in the wain or encrease of the Moon notwithstanding the unseasonableness of the weather It is a common received opinion at this day that it is necessary to sow all seeds which you would have to run to seed again in the encrease of the Moon except Beans and Pease which must be sowed in the wane of the Moon the nearer the change the better and so likewise to sow all such seeds as you would have to bring large roots and not to run to seed in the wane of the Moon as Parsenips Carrets Radish and generally all Pot-hearbs now if either the wane or encrease prove so wet and showry or so cold and frosty that you cannot conveniently sow your seeds in their due season then mingle well together each seed with a sufficient quantity of fine and rich mold and leave them so together in pots pans or dishes till you finde apt weather to sow them abroad and so you shall not be forced to lose any season at all Quaere if all these pots or pans were set in a stove or other warm place if so the seed would not be much forwarder then if they had been scattered abroad Or else you may sow them the earth being moist so as you provide sufficient store of dry mold or earth to cover the seeds 77. How to have Garden Pease or French-Beans to grow without the help of sticks or poles Set one row of Beans and another of Pease some five or six inches asunder and the Bean stalks will outgrow the Pease and be strong enough to support the Pease your French Beans you may prick round about your Trees in your Orchard suffering them to climb up by the bodies and if need be you may binde them to the trees with rushes or some such gentle
tree except the Peach tree from which you must onely take away the dry branches Ex veter lib. manuscrip pergam Th. Gas 61. Young plants covered with a vail in the night When you plant any tender Tree as the Apricock or such like place it if you can against a pale or wall and till cold weather be past cover the same with a close cloth every night rolling it up in the day time when the sunshineth or when the air is warm and temperate 62. Roots of yâ—ung plants well watered In the planting of every young Tree or Bush pour in after it is set a gallon two or three of water after it to make it root the sooner When to gather fruit 63. Gather your Apples when the weather is dry and also in the waining of the Moon and that will preserve them greatly from rotting quaere if that be not general in all fruit Cropping of trees 64. When you cut off the head of any Tree either to graff upon or for fuel leave one branch near the top for the sap to run up upon for fear the tree perish Enriching of corn ground with salt 65. If you scatter three bushels of bay-salt upon arable ground after harvest you may sow four times barley upon the same ground and gain rich crops quaere of a fith crop Probat at Cheswick per Mr. Phil. Herb. 66. The whole manner of planting and ordering the Musk-Mellon Cucumber Pompeon c. Get a load or two of new horsdung wherein there is good store of Litter and such as is not above seven or ten days old or not exceeding fourteen and which hath been laid still upon a heap as it was taken out of the stable dig a pit that may be fit to receive the same and ever as you lay any reasonable quantity thereof tread it down as hard as you can then sift about two inches thick of fine mold upon the dung and prick in at every three or four inches a Musk-mellon seed which must be first soaked twenty four hours together in milk stake this border of dung and earth round about very thick with sticks or forks that may appear above the ground some four inches in heighth and upon these sticks lay hurdels or lathes or other twigs so fastned together as that lying upon the sticks they may cover all the Plants over upon these Hurdels lay good store of straw viZ. so much as may be sufficient both to defend the cold from the seeds and also to keep out a reasonable showre of rain if it happen to fall before the removing of your plants Let them so rest for twenty four hours and then you shall see them peep above the ground and if the weather be open and that the Sun shine give them for seven or eight days after two hours sun at the rising and likewise at the setting thereof every day by removing away the Hurdels with the straw upon them then if the weather have been warm and that you see that every Plant hath gotten three or four leaves you may remove them taking also sufficient of the earth and dung that grew about each Plant with it not loosening the root at all then set these Plants in holes made of purpose so as they may stand about six inches within the earth that thereby you may cover them and uncover them as before for five or six days and if they hold out so long then are they past all danger unless some storm of hail happen to beat upon them but to avoid all danger I think it not amiss for three or four weeks after they be removed to keep them covered with empty pots as before both night and day saving that in fair days you may acquaint them by little and little more and more with the Sun in cold or gloomy days not uncovering them at all Now when they have shot out all their joynts which you shall perceive when you see a knot at the very end of the shoot which is somewhat before the flovvering time then must you cover every knot or joynt vvith a spade or shovelful of earth and thereby each knot vvill root and put forth a nevv shoot quaere of the same order in Cucumbers Pompeons by vvhich means you shall have great encrease of Mellons as perhaps tvventy five or thirty rising from one Plant. But if in twenty four hours space your Plants do not peer above the ground then you must water them in the heat of the day and your water being pretty warm and quaere if some of those waters ante num 33. be not good for this purpose quaere also of salt or urine which are thought of some to be a very special good means to keep a dunghil a long time hot for the digestion of Chymical work You must not forget to water these young Plants often at which time you may prove either common water or first infused in some rich soil and then warmed before you apply the same quaere of bestowing of sope-ashes about their roots When your Mellons are as big as little balls then if you nip off the shoots that are beyond them they will grow exceeding great for then the sap doth not run any more to waste Note also that this fruit desireth to be kept from moisture and therefore you must use to cover them with broad leaves from the rain Some be of opinion that all the art before set down for the speedy obtaining of Plants is needless and that if you do onely let a few Musk-mellons shed their seeds as they grow that so they will be much forwarder then by this device Sed quaere if it shall not then be very requisite to cover and defend them from all the injury of the winter frosts which the tenderness of that Plant will otherwise very hardly bear or indure quaere of Ridge tiles or other Cilinders of clay or tin plates to set opposite against the Sun and close by their roots in such sort as they may receive the reflection of the Sun upon them to hasten their bearing which you must remove in the afternoon opposing them still towards the sun so as the Cilinders may at no time in the day shadow the roots but then it will be also necessary to water them continually with dropping lists lest the excessive heat of the sun-beams should make them to parch and wither See all this more truly set down in my last book of Gardening fo 8. num 18. Speedy arbors and green in winter 67. The Beech-tree groweth green continually and therefore most apt to make pleasant Arbors for the winter also See Googes Husbandry fol. 101. 68. Beech-trees or Birch-trees make an Arbor speedily and so likewise of the Jesamy and of the Pompeon Plants but they grow not long green quaere of French-beans Delicate pots for Carnations 69. In this manner you may have most delicate Carnation or Gilliflower pots Cause pots of eighteen
better both for the credit of their houses and the health of their Customers if they spent that time in their beds which they spend in their Cellars at midnight But it shall suffice at this time that I have broken the ice into a harder passage and that I have given a taste of some new skil which I will be ready to enlarge and amplifie as well in this subject as in others of higher reach when I shall see men of worth and special desert to be distinguished from the vulgar sort by their honorable reward till which time I will leave Nature in a sweet slumber Sed nunc ad oppositum Young Onions all the year 41. If you sow onion seeds every moneth in the wane of the Moon and in cold weather if you steep the seeds in warm water and sow them in earth well dunged in pots and remove the pots into close rooms in cold and unseasonable weather you may by this means have Onions young and fresh growing all the year as a Gentleman of Ireland did credibly inform me of his own experience Quaere if young Radishes may not be had in the same manner Young Radishes all the year 42. Roses growing at Christmas If you cut a Red or Damask Rose root on Mid-summer day between eleven and twelve of the clock before noon at Christmas it will bear Roses Note that you must defend them from cold weather by covering them all over with straw Quaere if this secret may not be performed best in such Roses as grow in pots or tubs because they may be best defended from all injury of frosts by removing them into closs places 43. Grapes gâ—owing late Towards cold weather you must cover with some well tempered loam as with hors-dung or flocks but I take flock to be the better all the stalks of the Vine even to the bunches of Grapes covering the bunches themselves with straw and so you shall have your Grapes growing upon the Vine at Christmas Quaere if this secret serve for any other Trees Note also that your vines must be opened three times in the year and be dunged with some apt soil for them Rich earth for pots 44. Take the earth that you shall finde under an old Muck heap but dig not too deep this alone is an excellent mold to plant your Gilliflowers and other Flowers and Dwarf-trees in but if you mingle therewith both lime and dung also and temper them well together it will be a good means to forward such Flowers as you shall place therein but you must not set your pots in the South sun Quaere of planting each Flower in its own putrefaction with earth or in the putrefaction of Corn or any other Vegetable See more at large hereof porta pag. 100. 45. A second crop of Artichokes Some by cutting down of Artichokes presently after their bearing gain also a second crop about Michaelmas or Alhallontide if the weather prove not too sharp because the Plant is tender or else after they have done bearing you may cut them often if you will lose your second crop of Artichokes and content your self only with such stalks as will spring from time to time and be very good meat being tenderly sodden When to sow seeds in respect of the Moon 46. All such seeds as you would have to run to seed again must be sown in the three days before or after the full of the Moon or at the full and these will be forwarder then those which be sown three weeks before them in the wain of the Moon as some Gardeners do hold Hindering of the Colleflower in blowing 47. When your Coleflower is almost ripe cut it off leaving a pretty long stalk at it prick the stalk in the ground and by this means the flower will be somewhat long before it blow and so you may have then one under another as you shall have cause to spend them Salt to forward Pease 48. Quaere of sowing of two bushels of salt amongst four bushels of Beans or Pease what effects it will work either in forwarding them or in the enriching of the soil especially being oftentimes strewed for I have been credibly informed that the like proportion of salt amongst seed-corn will multiply the encrease thereof exceedingly 49. To preserve fruit upon dwarf trees Plant many Dwarf-trees and bow down their branches with their fruit upon them including the fruit And quaere how long the fruit will keep you must have party covers to your pots and wel luted 50. A fructifying water or seeds Quaere of striing of seeds in water wherein some Sandiner is first dissolved Quaere if one sixteenth part be not a good proportion for that cometh near unto the salt water wherein there is some eighteen or twenty parts of salt Lemon Orange Pomgranate tree Quaere also of watering all outlandish Trees as Lemon Orange Pomgranet c. therewith to forward them in their bearing Quaere also of a strong Lee made of the waste Sope-ashes plus ante num 33. Late fruits 51. Some do hold that if you nip off the blossoms in the midst with your nails when they do first bud forth that new blossoms will afterwards break forth close by them which will come later then the first Quaere of the like practice upon those new blossoms likewise ante num 23. 52. A practice upon Roses Quaere what will follow by the declination of the branches of Roses and other Flowers into pots either empty or half full of water and standing within the ground 53. Sopesuds and Powder-beef-broth Quaere of throwing all the sope-suds and all the Powder-beef-broth at the roots of Cherry-trees and other Trees what effect will follow and so of flowers 54. When to lop or proin Lop no tree in wet weather neither cut down any Herbs in a rainy day but in necessity Andrew Hill 55. Shavings of horn Quaere of steeping shavings of horn a long time in water and after watering of Trees or Plants therewith Horn to Cherry-trees 56. Quaere of laying of store of horns at the roots of Cherry-trees c. if they will forward their bearing Pâ—ase forwardâ—d with horn 57. What shavings of horn will do in forwarding a Pease field or in forwarding of outlandish seed but especially sow early Pease such as Mr. Flower soweth by Bednal-green Taylors shreds 58. Taylors shreds laid upon the ground will enrich it greatly Horn into a gelly to forward fiuiâ—s 59. If you steep shavings of horn in water and lime the horn in time will grow to a gelly then may you drein away the water and apply the same to the roots of Trees or Herbs without discovering of your secret Rose-trees forwarded I have heard them much commended in forwarding of Rose-trees 60. When to proin trees The branches of all Trees must be cut off in setting time Peach
them and when they are sufficiently sprung up to make plants of remove them into good ground and they will grow to a monstrous greatness Probat per Sir Tho. Challenor Quaere if the same practice will not serve in Musk-mellons Beans Pease c. The water wherein sheeps dung hath been infused will make Strawberries very great And the Doze of Tanners well rotted in good earth will make rich ground to plant Artichoke plants in and when you have set your young plants if you strein a canvas over them uncovering them onely in warm weather and in the warmest part of the day they will prosper exceedingly 114. To make Apricocks to prosper well Plant them against a wall that standeth into the East and on either side of the Tree place a Fir-pole that is somewhat higher then the Tree sloping wise on the top of the poles place a course cloth or rather a Sear-cloth which in the day time or in the warmth of the day may be rolled up or in the night or in cold weather let down to cover all the Tree as it were with a Penthouse and in this manner your Tree will prosper exceedingly these clothes do also serve to keep off the frosts or cold winds when they are in blossom until the fruit be knit at which time you must onely unfold your clothes in the warmth of the day or when the Sun shineth if the wind happen to be in any cold corner A wooden pale may also serve instead of a brick-wall for the like purpose This of And. Hill 115. To make Rosemary to prosper exceedingly Take of the dirt of the Highways especially in the midst of them where cattel have dunged and stalled most make a bed thereof and therein plant your Rosemary Quaere of all other plants and flowers Probat per Mr. And. Hill in Rosemary which he could never have to prosper in his London Garden till he used this Experiment 216. To make trees to flourish wonderfully Water them now and then with the Dregs of Beer or Ale Per Mr. And. Hill Quaere of applying the same to all Herbs and Flowers Quaere of Saltpeter or Sal Armoniack applied to the roots of Plants being first well putrified or rooted in earth 117. How to make a clay ground fruitful This is done by mixing of a reasonable proportion of sand with it not that the sand giveth any strength to the ground but that it openeth the clay which is oftentimes so binding that the grain is starved therein before it can break out specially in a dry season 118. Certain Observations for the enriching of ground The River of Trent in Lincolnshire is suffered once in seven years to overflow a great Marsh whereby it carrieth as much Swarth as can stand upon the ground Per Harsley my Neighbor at Bishops-hall A Gentleman having his Stable near his Vine Watering of Grapes had his Grapes exceeding great and pleasant by reason of the stale of his Horses that descended from his Stable to his Vine and after turning his Stable into Lodgings the Vine began to starve and brought forth poor and hungry grapes Per And. Hill A Western Gentleman by direction of my Book of Husbandry steeped two years together his Barley for twelve hours in the Sea-water and then sowed the same an 1595 and 1596. and had a very plentiful crop Quaere what soil This of Mr. Andrew Hill By my Cosin Duncombe a neighbor of his steeped his Wheat in stale four and twenty hours and sowed the same in a ground consisting of sand and lome being very barren and had great yield anno 1596. The Gall of a beast applied to a young graffed Plant maketh the same to shoot forward exceedingly quaere of Allom mixed with the gall for one of these ways Mr. And. Hill proved excellent Hereupon I gather That all off al of Beasts and all garbage of fish is very good FINIS Books printed or sold by William Leak at the sign of the Crown in Fleetstreet between the two Temple-gates A Bible of 〈◊〉 fair large Roman â—etâ—â— Yorke's Heraldry Man become guâ—â—y 〈◊〉 Joh. Francis Senâ—â— Englished by H E. of Moâ—â—ouâ—h Wilby's second Set of Musick 3.4 5 and 6 parts The History of Vienna and Paris Callis learned Readings on the Stat 21 H. 8. cap. 5. of Sewers Sken ' de significatione Verborum Posing of the Accidence Delaman's use of the Horizontal Quadrant Corderius in English Doctor Fulkes Meteors Nye's Gunnery and Fire-works Cato Major with Annotat. Lazerillo de Tormes The Ideot in four Books Aula Lucis or the house light Wilkinson's office of Sheriffs Parson's Law Mirrour of Justice The Fort-Royal of holy Scripture or a new Concordance by J. H. Solitary devotions â—erâ—itaâ—â— Scholastica Mathematical Recreations The several opinions of sundry Antiquaries touching the power of Parliam The Right of the people concerning Impositioâ—â— stated in a learned Argument An exact Abridgment of the Records in the Tower of London by Sir Rob. Cotton Kt. An Apology for the discipline of the antient Church intended especially for that of our Mother the Church of England In answer to the admonitory Letter lately published by Will. Nicholson Arch-deacon of Brecon in 4. The Garden of Eden PLAYES The Wedding The Hollander Maids Tragedy King and no King Philaster The grateful Servant The strange Discovery The Merchant of Venice