Selected quad for the lemma: day_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
day_n	fair_a	night_n	wether_n	5,493	5	13.9630	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34122	The Belgick, or, Netherlandish hesperides that is, the management, ordering, and use of the limon and orange trees, fitted to the nature and climate of the Netherlands / by S. Commelyn ; made English by G.V.N.; Nederlantze Hesperides. English	Commelin, Johannes, 1629-1692.; G. V. N.	1683 (1683)	Wing C5544; ESTC R16507	51,718	210

of Amsterdam and a great Lover of this Husbandry Further others have set their Trees upon little Benches or Frames of half a Foot above Ground whose Feet being made of little thick short pieces of Wood stand in little Troughs which are kept full of Water and keep these Pernicious Creatures from the Trees The Earwiggs which devour and spoil these young tender Shoots may be catcht with pieces of coarse Linnen laid in the Trees and so kept in and Curbed Spiders hurt the Limon and Orange Trees by Spinning the Leaves together and by pulling the young Shoots together whereby the Leaves become Black Foul and are hindred much in their Growth The only Remedy against this Evil is to catch the same and so chasing away these Tyrants to make these Plants free from such a filthy Crew Concerning other Mischances of Winds bad Airs thereof is taught before how they may be hindered and kept off When the Trees in the Winter are Housed they are often troubled with Mice and Rats because they cannot come by Water wherefore it is not amiss to provide the winter Place or green House with Traps and Pans of Water that this Vermine may either be catcht or their Thirst quencht to compel them to excuse and leave the Trees as we have seen that very much happened to Sieur William Vanden-Heuvell What concerneth Snails and Caterpillers it is not found in this Country that they bring any Harm to these Plants and therefore Unnecessary upon this Occasion to Admonish or Mention of them If they be found on them the best Means against them is to catch them CHAP. XL. Of the winter Place or green House and its Use BEcause it is impossible to Order these Outlandish Plants well in these Countries except we know how conveniently to defend them in the winter Season against the Frost and Cold which cannot be done if there be not a good winter Place provided We see that in Brabant and Flanders they use arched Cellars to avoid the inconveniency of making Fire But thereby they also commonly lose their fruit which through or by reason of the little air and moist Vapours which the Trees receive decay and fall off except they be again carried out of the Cellar into a lightsom room as soon as the frost is over which is not well to be done for any one that hath a great number of Trees by reason the labour would be too great and chargeable because of the multitude besides with the frequent removing we run the hazard to spoil the heads by hitting them against some thing or other To this Work is at least a lightsom Room required which is free from all Cold piercing Winds and hath Glass-Windows to the South that the Sun Shining in the Winter may refresh these tender Strangers with her pleasant and grateful Beam What manner of Winter-place or Green-house soever we prepare Care must be had that it stand with the open part as much as is possible to the South Here I might give the description and the dimention of several Green houses set down by the Author but think it needless because as the Author saith every one may and doth make them as he thinketh good and Convenient Yet the Use is one and the same Viz. for the preservation of tender plants which cannot endure and stand out against our Cold Winter storms and Tempests From the time that the Trees are set into the Green house or Winter place we must begin to take Care to watch against all Incident inconveniencies and unchanches for through carelessness more harm may be done in one night then we can again overcome and repair in an whole year but on what time such must be done cannot be well prescribed in regard of the Months because the Condition of the Weather must shew it For it happeneth many times here in this Country in some mild Winter that the Glass-Windows are whole days open and therefore it serves for a general rule that as long as it is fair Weather and doth not freeze the Wooden Shutters shall be left open day and night to the middle of November and then shall they be shut before the Sun goes down But when it is misty misly and frosty Weather they shall be kept close and it must not be tedious to a practitioner to open and shut the Windows though often in one day for the more the Trees are aired the better it is to prevent all stifling and moulding Now when it begins to freeze tho not so hard as that it freezeth within the house then open only the Wooden Shutters to the end that the Sun shining into the winter place or green house may refresh the Trees and the Fruits and against the evening before the Sun is set the same must be shut again that in the night they may not suddenly be surprized by the Cold. Now when the Frost begins to increase the Green house shall be wholly kepr shut and we must take Care there be no holes or chinks for the Wind to come in or through for where the same doth light it doth great harm and causeth Frost the sooner within doors Nevertheless when it is a fair Sun shine at noon day the same may be let in through the Glass-Windows and being gone Shut them again Close Now when it Freezeth so hard that there is no longer keeping within Doors without making Fire which we may observe by putting some Pans or Pots with Water here and there in the Green-House and when we see that Freeze then is it time to make Fire in the Stoves which is commonly done early in the Morning and at Night about nine of the Clock But if it comes to pass that these two Fires are not enough in the Day then also a Fire must be made at Noon-Day and in making this Fire keep also this common Rule As long as the Water doth not Freeze in the Pans we need not to make a Fire and when the Water doth Freeze we must make no greater Fire then that we see the Ice to grow loose and that the Frost can lay no hold thereon for if we make too hot a Fire it shall do more Hurt then if it came to Freeze once in the Green-House It once happened to me that the Frost took the Trees by Night and the Leaves and Fruits were stiff as if they had been white with the same which was caused by the Carelesness of the Gardiner To repair this Mischance there was a slow Fire made in the Stove and not an hot or great one at first through which Sweet pleasantly increasing VVarmth the frozen Leaves and Fruits began by Degrees to Thaw and to come to their former Condition yea I had never more ripe Fruits then in that same Year 1668. It comes also sometimes to pass that in the Green-House or VVinter-Place there hang many Drops of VVater at the Ceiling when many Days together a

the Sun as then doth not cause any Soultryness in the Vessels whereby the Trees might be stifled and lose their Leaves and Fruits Secondly This time must be observed that the Trees may be at the place where ye would have them before they come to shoot out and secure them the better against all Dammage but if the Voyage be long by Sea the Removal must be sooner in the forepart of the Year that the Trees may be at the designed place before the warm Weather and not partake of the foresaid Harms In this Removing is yet another Danger besides the breaking and spoiling of the Boughs and stifling of them viz. that of Rats against which we must take Care that the Stocks and Heads may be kept whole and unspoiled for it may happen that this hurtful Vermine being pinched with great Thirst eat the Barks of these Trees and so spoil mangle and Kill them as hath happened to us The best means against this is to cause some Pots with fresh Water to be set in the Ships about the Room where the Trees stand that this Vermine may quench their Thirst and these tender Travellers be brought over in the most comely manner to their Master If this removal must be done by Land ye are to take Care only that they may be safe in the Waggons from breaking and hitting against something or against one another To this belongs the removing as into so also out of the winter Place or green House when the Summer begins to draw to an End and it is come to about the eight of October or the twenty eighth of September the Trees shall be brought under a Shelter or Cover in a fair a clear Day when the Leaves are well dry whether it be a Gallery made of Reed or Straw or otherwise as a Man hath the Conveniency letting them stand there some Days till ye see that it begins to be time to put them into the winter Place or green House which is ordinarily about the middle of October or somewhat later according as the Days are fair and the Weather good In the setting of the Trees you must observe that they stand Airy and as little as is possible into one another lest by the hanging of the Heads in one another the Leaves and Boughs stifle neither must they be placed too near the Stove or fire-Place to receive any Hurt by the Heat and ye must make the placing so that ye may easily come to the Trees to help them upon all Inconveniency In the Spring about the tenth of May when it is mild and rainy Weather remove the Trees again out of the winter Place or green House into the open Air but not at first into the hot Sun-shine because they cannot so suddenly endure the same but lose thereby their Leaves and Fruits therefore you must stay for a Day that it rains or otherwise you shall bring the Trees for some Days into a shady Place to use them again by degrees to the Air and Sunshine how you are further to Order them in the winter Place or green House shall be said afterward CHAP. XXXVI Of Dunging Refreshing and digging about the Trees THE dunging of Limon and Orange Trees is done according to the Diversity of Climates and because we intend to direct this Ordering according to the Condition of our Belgium Netherland this Work must be done in the Month of May as soon as the Trees come out of the Winter-Place or Green-House and that every two or three years according as Necessity requires Digg the old Earth one Hands breath or more round with a sharp Trowel or small Spade out of the Tub or Pot wherein the Tree stands as deep as you can come withal taking away the old fibrous Roots spent and worn out Earth this being done fill the Tubs up again with fatdunged light fine sifted Earth which hath been prepared some time before for it and often wrought together with old Cow and Horse-dung till the same be well mixed and rotten and after the said filling up make the uppermost Earth even letting the same ly lightly to further the Influence or soaking in of the Water which by Rain or Watering comes upon it By means of this Dunging and Refreshing can this noble Plant be Nourished in narrow close Vessels with great ease and maintained in Fruitfulness We have only propounded the most simple and plain Way as being the surest leaving the Artificial which some have Invented and Endeavoured to Recommend to the World for Wonders but deceiveth none more than those that use it most as we have touched upon before in part in the Description of the Dung. The digging about is done yearly in the Spring against the time that the Trees come out of the Winter-Place or Green-House and is nothing else but a taking away of the uppermost Earth of the Tubs two or three Fingers breadth deep and filling them up again with other Good instead of the spent and worn out Dung thereby by this maintaining as much as is possible to strengthen and bring Nourishment to the Earth in the Tubs and Pots CHAP. XXXVII Of Watering BEing the Nourishment of Trees and whatsoever Grows out of the Earth consists out of the finest Particles of the Earth and Water which spreads and disperses itself through small Pores along by little Strings like Veins through all their Parts and by the natural Warmth being strengthned with the Heat of the Sun which pierceth from without doth turn into the Shape and Form of those Parts to which it is brought and being Water is Necessary whithout which no Tree can Live for it serves to the loosening and thinning of the said Parts that the same may the more conveniently be drawn up through the opened Pores and carried to the Place where they are turned into Nourishment And seeing our Hesperial Strangers want the free Use of the Earth with us and must be contented with small and narrow close Tubs and Pots it is necessary we lend them the helping Hand by bringing Water to them which by the Rain except it be of long continuance cannot be sufficiently given or is hindred through the width and breadth of their Heads which cause the Rain-Water to run most down by their Sides wherefore the help of watering is highly requisite here Among all the Parts of this Ordering this is none of the least and we must observe first the Choice of Water and secondly the time when we shall Water Ferrarius whom we here also follow puts sweet and constantly running Spring and River-Water for the best as being most Piercing and wholesomest and next to the Rain-Water which is gathered and kept in Cisterns or Tubs and thirdly Well or Pump-Water which is commonly Cold hath many Defaults and Properties which it carries with it out of the different Grounds whence it Springs Much less in Virtue is the Water which comes out of Moorish Places but worst of all is

used such Water wherewith he watered his Trees and forced them thereby so strongly out that they blowed abundantly yet produced but little Wood and Fruit and the following Year the good Gentleman found that most of his Trees were spoiled and some quite dead We do then with Reason reject these Preparations which bring more Hurt then Profit to their Practitioners but deem it best to follow the ordinary Way leaving all artificial Preparation of Dung and Earth and use a Ground endowed with all good Properties which we may sufficiently distinguish by Feeling Smelling and Seeing from the mean and bad CHAP. XXXI Of the Sowing of Trees THE Sowing of Orange Kernels doth in these cold Countries require much time before they come to be Trees yet this is done by many Lovers with Advantage especially in Brabant where be divers Persons who by following this yearly have obtained great and fruitful Nurseries and hereby excited others to the same Inclination To do this Sowing well we must make Choice for it of the Seed of Oranges not of Limons much less of Citrons as being too tender according to the Testimony of Ferrarius the Limons Seeds are seldom sown in Italy because they cannot well resist the Hardships then is it much more Unimitable in these Climates He that will begin this must make Choice of the fullest best and ripest Seed of fair perfectly ripe Oranges as they come out of Italy Spain or Portugal wash the same with Rain-water and make them clean from all Corruption and Dirt and afterwards dry the same three or four Days in the Shade in the beginning of May and according to the saying of Ferrarius we must sow them two Days before the full of the Moon after this manner and fill to that end a Pot with good fat and sifted Earth put the Seed therein an Inch deep and two good Inches breadth asunder set the Pot to the South in an open airy Warm and to the Sun standing place and sprinkle this you have sown immediately with lukewarm Rain-water and also every third Day yet this Earth must not be too wet but only moderately kept moist To further the springing out Glasses must be put upon the Pots which will exceedingly forward the Work In the springing up of the Seed it happens many times that the Shoots come forth double viz. two together these Twins must we part pull out the weakest that it may not hinder and take away the Nourishments of the other These young Seedlings are frequently troubled with Ear-wiggs Ants Snails Woodlice which eat the same off and hinder their Growth wherefore there must be Provision made against them At the third Year must every Seedling be transplanted particularly and singly by itself in a Pot in good Earth and put in a place as before where they may be free and safe from all bad Winds Without any Opposition or Hindrance they shall be at five Years old a Finger thick fit for Inoculation and in the twelfth Year or less also bring forth Fruit. This is the Ordinary and certainest Way of sowing whereby we may nurse up and raise these Trees and from their beginning use them to the enduring of Injuries and Hardships which may happen to them through the Inconstancy of the Climate By the art of Sowing in fresh Horse-dung may these Seeds be made speedily and strongly to sprout out When the Seed is first soaked in lukewarm Water wherein fresh Dung and a little Salt-peter hath lain asteep as we have seen at Nortwyok in Holland at Sieur Borels that he made Orange Trees grow in one Year from Seed to the height of two Feet and a Finger thick fit to Inoculate the next or second Year But assoon as the Sun did recide to the South and declared unto us the approaching Winter these tender Nurslings began to Mourn as unaccustomed to the usual Severity of our Harvest and Winter Showers which surprized them as being Unarmed and Unprovided against this Evil and withal spoiled them of all Health and Thriftiness whereupon Death at last followed This Forcing is good for all Forreign Seeds out of hot Countries to dry the Plants that come forth from them to an herbarium Vivum But is by no means advisable about the Sowing of Orange Trees in which we must keep to the Way and Manner above Mentioned CHAP. XXXII Of Ingrafting THE Propagation of Fruit is mostly done on a threefold way by Ingrafting Ablactation and Buding otherwise called Inoculating To do this well the Stock which is to be Grafted or Ingrafted must be strong and sufficient in Growth that the Cyon put in may not want Nourishment To which end a fit Bough or Branch is to be chosen to cut the Cyon from whether it be a Limon or Orange Tree which is neither too Old nor too Young for the Old is unfit and the Young too tender That we may not miss here we must chuse Wood of two years Growth because that of one year is too tender cut the Cyon in the Month of May to the length of two Buds part under the lowest Bud shall be cut with a sharpe Knife on both sides somewhat flat yet so that the most outward part of the Bark may not go off being it must again Unite with that of the Stock After the cutting of the Cyon the Stock must be sawed off at a convenient height and observe that the Bark be not bruised but be smooth and even Then make a Slit in the top of the Stock with a sharp Chissel and put therein a Box-Tree-wood-Wedg that the opening may not shut again put then the Cyon in from the Top downward to the lowest Bud so that the same sticks out a little above the Stock close the Work together so that the outmost Bark of the Cyon doth exactly answer to the outmost Bark of the Stock guard the Slit with good grafting Wax against the Inwatering and other Inconveniences On this manner may we Graft upon high Stocks and upon particular Boughs to make several sorts of Fruits as well Limons as Oranges to grow upon one Tree which may likewise be done by Inoculating Then at last Care is to be taken that the new grafted Cyon may have the full Nourishment and be not robbed by the wild Sprigs shooting forth By means of Grafting we have seen the wild Orange Tree bettered but it often fails But the Limon Tree grafted into the Orange Stock is more sure and will better Unite Grafting is seldom used in these Trees except out of Curiosity for it makes most unhandsom and ill-shapen Stocks and is therefore by the Practitioners but little used Besides the foregoing Grafting is Grafting by Approach or Ablactation or of Sucking so called because the young Shoot is sucked off from the Mother or principal Trees We have seen it with Hercules Patronus at Zutphen who was very experient in this Ordering and Managing and hath happily performed and executed both these Ways of