Selected quad for the lemma: day_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
day_n	fair_a	night_n	rain_n	5,430	5	10.9395	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28496	Irelands naturall history being a true and ample description of its situation, greatness, shape, and nature, of its hills, woods, heaths, bogs, of its fruitfull parts, and profitable grounds : with the severall ways of manuring and improving the same : with its heads or promontories, harbours, roads, and bays, of its springs, and fountains, brooks, rivers, loghs, of its metalls, mineralls, free-stone, marble, sea-coal, turf, and other things that are taken out of the ground : and lastly of the nature and temperature of its air and season, and what diseases it is free from or subject unto : conducing to the advancement of navigation, husbandry, and other profitable arts and professions / written by Gerald Boate ; and now published by Samuell Hartlib for the common good of Ireland and more especially for the benefit of the adventurers and planters therein.	Boate, Gerard, 1604-1650.; Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.	1657 (1657)	Wing B3373; ESTC R27215	105,129	208

but all the walls quite through and at the out-side as well as at the in-side be perfectly burnt and turned into good brick wherein oftentimes through the unskilfulness or neglect of those who make fill these Kilns and of those that govern the fire there is great loss and that two manner of ways For sometimes great part of the Bricks is found not to be sufficiently nor uniformly burnt and on the other side it falleth out oftentimes that great quantities are reduced into one beeing burnt or half-burnt into great unshapely masses or lumps which are good for nothing They do commonly burn in those Kilns two or three hundred thousand Bricks at a time the which for the most part all charges being reckoned come to stand betwixt six and eight shillings sterling the thousand Sect. 8. Of the Glass made in Ireland We shall conclude this chapter with the Glass there having been severall Glass-houses set up by the English in Ireland none in Dublin or other cities but all of them in the countrie amongst which the principall was that of Birre a Market-town otherwise called Parsons-town after one Sir Laurence Parsons who having purchased that Lordship built a goodly house upon it his son William Parsons having succeeded him in the possession of it which Town is situate in Queens county about fifty miles to the South-west of Dublin upon the borders of the two Provinces of Leinster and Munster From this place Dublin was furnished with all sorts of vvindovv and drinking-glasses and such other as commonly are in use One part of the materials viz. the Sand they had out of England the other to vvit the Ashes they made in the place of Ash-tree and used no other The chiefest difficulty vvas to get the clay for the pots to melt the materials in this they had out of the North. CHAP. XXI Of the Temperature and Qualities of the Air and Seasons in Ireland as for Heat Cold and Moisture Sect. 1. Of the Cold weather and the Frosts ALthough the climate of Ireland is somewhat Northerly the Land extending it self from the beginning of the one and fiftieth degree of Latitude until the end of the five and fiftieth nevertheless is the Air there very temperate and nothing subject to violent Colds not onely in Munster Leinster and Connaught but even in the most Northern-part to wit the Province of Ulster much less than any other Land lying in the same height or latitude yea than many Countries of a much more Southerly-climate True it is that the Cold-weather doth commonly begin here somewhat soon namely in the beginning of October and sometimes in the middle or latter end of September continuing ordinarily the space of five or six moneths until the midst or latter end of March and sometimes also good part of April during which whole space of time all such persons as are chilly and cold of nature and do sit still much can hardly be any long while without a fire But again on the other side it is very seldom violently cold there and freezeth but little there are commonly three or four Frosts in one Winter but they are very short seldom lasting longer than three or four days together withall at their very worst nothing near so violent as in most other Countries so that some all Winter long hardly come near a fire once in a day and that not only in the ordinary cold weather but even whilst it is a freezing Yea many times the cold is so slack even in the midst of the Winter-moneths that by walking onely or doing some other moderate exercise you shall find your self as warm and the Air as sweet and pleasant as if it were in the moneth of May. There hath been some Winters wherein it hath frozen ten or twelve dayes together so as the Liffie and other the like Rivers were quite frozen and might be gone upon by men and beasts But those are altogether extraordinary and do come very seldom hardly once in the space of ten or twelve years But how mild they ordinarily be and how little subject to excessive cold may appear hereby that all kind of beasts and cattle as cows horses and sheep do there all Winter long remain abroad and do ●eed in the fields where they are left in the night-time as well as in the day and that many herbs which in England and Netherland do● dye every Winter here continue all the year long Sect. 2. Of the Warm-weather And as the cold in Winter is very moderate and tolerable so is also the heat in Summer the which is seldom so great even in the hottest times of the year as to be greatly troublesome And it falleth out oft enough in the very Summer-moneths that the weather is more inclinable to cold than to heat so as one may very well endure to come near a good fire And this cometh to pass only during the Wet-weather for else and whilst it is fair it is very warm all summer long albeit seldom over-hot And so it is many times also even on the rainie dayes whereas for the most part it is very cool in them and the heat much less than the season doth require Sect. 3. Of the Rain and We●-weather The Rain is very ordinary in Ireland and it raineth there very much all the year long in the Summer as well as in the Winter Commonly in the Spring of the year it is very fair weather with clear sun-shine from morning till night for the space of five or six weeks together with very little or no interruption which fair weather beginneth commonly in the mon●th of March some years in the beginning other yeares in the midst and sometimes in the latter end of it But the same being once past it raineth afterwards very much all the Summer long so as it is a rare thing to see a whole week pass without it and many Summers it is never dry weather two or three dayes together Which inconstancy and wetness of the weather is not only troublesome to men but also hurtfull to all things growing out of the ground for mans behoof For the heat never being very great and there besides often interrupted by the intervention of the foul weather hath neither time nor strength enough to ripen them so well and so soon as otherwise it would whereby it cometh to pass that as well the fruits of trees as the corn and grass here commonly much ●ater do come to perfection than in the most part of other neighbouring Countries And as the ripeness of the fruits and other increase of the earth is greatly retarded by the abundance of unseasonable rain so it doth also fall out oftentimes that the same being come to ripeness it is difficult to get them in by reason of the exceeding store of rain which doth come down during the Hay-time and the Harvest Wherefore it behoveth one here to be wonderfull diligent and not to lose any part of the fair weather

For else one would run great hazard to sustain great losses and to have all spoyled But those that are vigilant and carefull and that lose no occasion at all do commonly in the end get in their increase well enough notwithstanding all those great hinderances so that there be as few years of dearth in Ireland as in any other Country of Christendom and most years there is not only Corn enough got for the sustenance of the Inhabitants but a great deal over and above for the sending out of great quantities of Grains into other countries Sect. 4. Of the fair weather in the latter end of Autumn In the foul weather the nights are often fair In the latter end of Autumn weather is commonly fair again for some weeks together in the same manner as in the Spring but not so long which as it doth serve for to dry up and to get in the Corn and Hay which till then hath remained in the fields the too much wet having hindered it from being brought away sooner so it giveth the opportunity of plowing the ground and sowing the Winter-corn the which otherwise would very hardly be done For that season being once past you have very little dry weather the rest of the Autumn and during all Winter And although it doth seldom rain continually for many dayes together yet is the wetness very great and few weeks doe pass wherein are not two or three rainy dayes And it is to be observed that ordinarily it raineth in Ireland much more by day than by night and that many times when it doth rain two or three dayes together the nights between are very clear and fair the which also many times falleth out in other foul weather and when all day long the Skie is overcast with Clouds and Mists Sect. 5. Some dry Summers in Ireland but hardly ever any too dry But although it is ordinarily thus in Ireland yet the same inconstancy and variablenes of years and seasons which is observed in most other Countries doth also here occur and that more in regard of the Summers dry weather than of the Winters and cold For it is marvellous seldom to have there a hard Winter and long ●rost but Summers have been which were ful of very dry and fair and pleasant weather But as Winters cruelly cold so likewise over-dry Summers do in this Iland hardly come once in an Age And it is a common saying in Ireland that the very dryest Summers there never hurt the land For although the Corn and Grass upon the high and dry grounds may get harm nevertheless the Country in generall gets more good than hurt by it And when any dearths fall out to be in Ireland they are not caused through immoderate heat and drought as in most other Countries but through too much wet and excessive rain Sect. 6. Amendment of the wet Air in Ireland how to be expected So that the Irish-air is greatly defectuous in this part and too much subject to wet and rainy weather wherein if it were of somewhat a better temperature and as free from too much wet as it is from excessive cold it would be one of the sweetest and pleasantest in the whole world and very few Countries could be named that might be compared with Ireland for agreeable temperateness And although it is unlikely that any revolution of times will produce any considerable alteration in this the which indeed in some other Countries hath caused wonderfull changes because that those who many Ages ago have written of this Iland doe witness the self same things of it in this particular as wee doe find in our time There is nevertheless great probability that this defect may in part be amended by the industry of men if the country being once inhabited throughout by a civill Nation care were taken every where to diminish and take away the superfluous and excessive wetness of the ground in all the watery and boggy places whereby this too great moystness of the Air is greatly increased and partly also occasiond This opinion is not grounded upon some uncertain speculation but upon assured experience for severall knowing and credible persons have affirmed to me that already some yeares since good beginnings have been seen of it and that in some parts of the land well inhabited with English and where great extents of Bogs have been drained and reduced to dry land it hath been found by the observation of some years one after another that they have had a dryer air and much less troubled with rain than in former times Herewith agreeth what we read in that famous Writer Pliny in the fourth Chapter of the seventeenth Book of his Naturall History concerning that part of Macedonie wherein the City Philippi was seated where the Air formerly having been very rainie was greatly amended by the altering the wetness of the ground His words are these Circa Philippos cultura siccata regio mutavit coeli habitum That is word for word The Country about Philippi being dryed up through tillage hath altered the quality of the Air. CHAP. XXII Of the Dew Mist Snow Hail Hoar-frost Thunder and Lightning Earthquake and Winds Sect. 1. Of the Dew THe Naturalists and Geographers do assure us that it deweth exceedingly in the hot and dry Countries and that the less it useth to rain in a Country the Dew doth fall there the more ●bundantly whereby it should seem to follow that in the wet climate it deweth very little and consequently that in Ireland where it raineth so very much the Dew must be very scanty But there is as much Dew there as in other Countries that are a great deal hotter and dryer Onely thus much experience doth shew in Ireland and it may be as well in other Countries whereof I have not yet informed my self that when it is towards any great rain little or no Dew doth fall so as in those times going forth early in the morning into the green fields you will finde them altogether dry and that even in that season wherein the Dew in Ireland as in other neighbouring Countries useth to fall more abundantly than in any other time of the year to wit in the moneths of May and June This is a certain sign to the inhabitants that great rain is to fall suddenly and commonly after such a dry and dewless night it useth to rain two or three days together But the preceding rain doth not hinder the Dew in that manner as that which is imminent and it is found ordinarily that in a clear night follovving a rainy day the which is very ordinary as we have sayd in the preceding Chapter the Dew commeth down as liberally as if it had not rained the day before Sect. 2. Of May-dew and the manner of gathering and preserving it The English women and Gentlewomen in Ireland as in England did use in the beginning of the Summer to gather good store of Dew to keep it by them all the year after

my Brother and others being this The Lagon a little River or Brook which passeth by the Town of Dremore upon a certain time being greatly risen through a great and lasting rain and having carryed away the woodden-bridge whereby the same used to be passed at that Town a country fellow who was travelling that way having stayed three dayes in hope that the water would fall and seeing that the rain continued grew impatient of staying longer and resolved to pass the Brook whatever the danger was but to doe it with the less perill and the more steadiness he took a great heavy stone upon his shoulders whose weight giving him some firmness against the violence of the water he passed the same without harm and came safe to the other side to the wonderment of many people who had been looking on and given him all for a lost person Sect. 7. Of the Brooks of Dromconran and Rafernam by Dublin Of these dangerous Brooks there are two hard by Dublin both running into the Haven somewhat more than a mile from the Citie the one at the North-side thereof a little below the Village Dromconran which is seated upon the High-way from Dublin to Drogheda and the other at the South-side close by the Rings-end This called Rafernam-water of the village by which it passeth two miles from the sea and the same distance from Dublin is far the worst of the two as taking its beginning out of those great Mountains South-wards from Dublin from whence after any great rain such abundance of water is descending to it that the same which at other times is of very little depth groweth thereby so deep and exceeding violent that many persons have lost their lives therein amongst others Mr. Iohn Vsher Father to Sir William Vsher that now is who was carryed by the current no body being able to succour him although many persons and of his nearest friends both afoot and horsback were by on both the sides Since that time a stone bridge hath been built over that brook as over Dromconran-water there hath been one from antient times upon the way betwixt Dublin and Rings-end which was hardly well accomplished when the Brook in one of those furious risings quite altered its chanel for a good way so as it did not pass under the Bridge as before but just before the foot of it letting the same stand upon the dry land and consequently making it altogether useless in which perverse course it continued untill perforce it was constrained to return to its old chanel and to keep within the same To go from Dublin to Rafernam one passeth this River upon a woodden-bridge the which although it be high and strong nevertheless hath severall times been quite broke and carryed away through the violence of sudden floods although at other times and when that Brook doth onely carry its ordinary water a child of five yeares may easily and without danger wade through it and a tall man on horsback riding underneath it not being able to reach it in the great floods the water many times riseth so high as that it doth not onely touch but floweth quite over the bridge CHAP. VIII Of the Rivers of Ireland Sect. 1. Of the Shanon BEsides the excessive number of Brooks wherwith Ireland is watered it hath a good many Rivers the which being broader and deeper than the Brooks are consequently navigable although the major part are not portable of any great ships nor barks but only of small vessels and boats The principallest of all is the Shanon who taking his originall out of Lough-Allen and in his course dividing the Province of Connaught from Leinster and afterwards also from Munster passeth through two other great Loughs to wit Lough-Ree whereout she cometh just above Atlone a mean Market-town but adorned with a stately and strong Castle the ordinary residence of the Presidents of Connaught and Lough-Dergh about half way betwixt Atlone and Limmerick and a little below the said Town shee dischargeth her self again into another Lough by far the biggest of all the which extending it self from Limmerick unto the sea and above fifty miles long it is held by the Irish as well as the English not for a Lough but for the Shanon it self and consequently called with that name whereof hath been spoken in the second Chapter This River is wide and deep every where so as she would be navigable in her whole length not only with Boats of all sorts but with reasonable big Ships to the great commodity of them that inhabit near it were it not for the impediment of a certain Rock some six miles above Limmerick the which standing across in the chanel and the River with great violence falling downwards over it all communication of Navigation betwixt the upper and the lower parts of it is thereby absolutely hindred Sir Thomas Wentworth Lord Wentworth and afterwards Earl of Strafford he that in in the beginning of this present Parliament was beheaded having been Governour of Ireland many yeares first in the quality of Lord Deputy and afterwards of Lord Lieutenant had a design to take away that let in causing of a new channel to be digged for a little way whereby the River being made to alter her course should have avoyded that Rock and to that purpose sent certain skilfull men thither to view those parts and carefully to examine whether it were feasible who made report that it might be done and would not cost above seven or eight thousand pounds sterling a sum not very considerable in comparison of the great profit which afterwards would have been reaped from that work Nevertheless it was never taken in hand the intents of publick utility having been diverted and smothered by those of private profit as commonly it falleth out Sect. 2. The Rivers Suck Sure Oure Broad-water Barrow and Slane There are several other Rivers in the Province of Connaught but none of them is any waye comparable with the Shanon for length bredth or depth and little to be said of them but that the Suck the which falleth into the Shanon a little way below Atlone is the principallest of all The two chief Rivers of Munster are Sure and Broad-water the City of Waterford being situated upon the first of those two the which close by it dischargeth her self into that arm of the sea which is known by the name of Waterford-haven The other passeth by Lismore and falleth into the sea by Youghall where it maketh a Tide-haven Next to those two is the River of Cork and then that of Kinsale the which is but of small moment as also are the rest of the Rivers of this Province In Leinster is the Nure or Oure the Barrow the Slane the Liffie and the Boine besides some others of less moment The Oure and Barrow do mingle their waters at the Town of Ross from whence having past a little way together they discharge themselves into the right arm of the Haven of Waterford and

for several good uses both of physick and otherwise wherein by experience they have learnt it to be very available Their manner of collecting and keeping it was this In the moneth of May especially and also in part of the moneth of June they would go forth betimes in the morning and before Sun-rising into a green field and there either with their hands strike off the Dew from the tops of the herbs into a dish or else throwing clean linnen clothes upon the ground take off the Dew from the herbs into them and afterwards wring it out into dishes and thus they continue their work untill they have got a sufficient quantity of Dew according to their intentions That which is gotten from the grass will serve but they chuse rather to have it from the green corn especially Wheat if they can have the conveniency to do so as being perswaded that this Dew hath more vertues and is better for all purposes than that which hath been collected from the grass or other herbs The Dew thus gathered they put into a glass bottle and so set it in a place where it may have the warm Sun-shine all day long keeping it there all the Summer after some dayes rest some dregs and dirt will settle to the bottom the which when they perceive they pour off all the clear Dew into another vessel and fling away those setlings This they doe often because the Dew doth not purge it self perfectly in a few dayes but by degrees so as new dregs severed from the purer parts by the working of the Dew helped on by the Sun-beams do settle again of the which as often as those good women see any notable quantity they st●ll powre off the clear Dew from them doing thus all Summer long untill it be clear to the bottom The Dew thus thoroughly purified looketh whitish and kepeth good for a year or two after Sect. 4. Of the Mists and Fogs We have shewed how much Ireland is subject to Rain and so it is likewise to dark weather and overcasting of the air even when it raineth not which continueth sometimes many dayes together especially in Winter-time But as for the Fogs Mists Ireland is no more troubled with them than other regions especially in the plain countrie for in the mountaines they are much more frequent so that oftentimes they are covered with them for a great way the space of some houres together when at the same time there is none in the neighbouring plain countrie and in the high mountaines it commeth many times to pass that in a fair day the top thereof for a long time together is covered over with a thick Mist when not only the adjacent country but even the lower part of those mountains doe njoy a clear Sun-shine And sometimes it befalleth the tops as well as the lower parts beeing free from them the middle parts are quite covered there-with as my brother in his travels hath many times observed in severall parts especially upon those high mountaines between Dundalke and Carlingford as well in the midst of the summer as at other times of the year And in many places it is found by experience that the like Fogs upon the tops of the mountaines is a fore-runner of rain in the next conntry whereof all those who have lived any time at Dublin may have good knowledge For seldom a mist appeareth upon the top of the Wickloe-mountains situated some five or six miles to the South of Dublin or of the head of both without beeing followed with rain at Dublin and the adjacent parts within 24. houres wherein is observable that a Fog quite covering those mountaines all over is not so sure a signe of Rain as when it is only upon the top and that those generall Mists upon the mountains are often seen without any following Rain the which very seldom or never happeneth in the others There be two sorts of Mists or Fogs in Ireland the one is uniform and constant quite filling the air of all sides whereby all manner of prospect is taken away and continuing after the same fashion untill it vanish by degrees either ascending up into the Air or falling to the ground whereofhere as in other countries the first is commonly followed with Rain and the second with fair weather In the other sort are great parcells or flakes of foggie vapours scattered up and down the Air with clear spaces betwixt the which flakes doe not keep one place but fly to and fro according as they are driven by the wind and that sometimes very swiftly this kind of Fog doth arise not only upon the seaside but also within the land and upon the mountaines oftentimes turning into a generall mist. Sect. 4. Of the Snow Hail and Hoar-frost For the most part there falleth no great store of Snow in Ireland and some yeares none at all especially in the plain countries In the mountaines there is commonly greater plenty of Snow than in other parts So that all kind of cattle doe all winter ●ong remain there abroad being seldome troubled with very great frost or snow and doe feed in the fields night and day as wee have related more amply above yet it hath happened that in a winter one of many abundance of snow hath fallen instance that of the year 1635 where about the latter end of Ianuary and the beginning of February great store of snow did fall to the great damage of the cat●le chiefly in the Northern parts where it did snow most excedingly so as the People were put to hard shif●s to bring their cattle in safety to their folds and other covered places One history among the rest by reason of the strangeness of it I thinke will not be improper to relate as it hath been asser●ed to me by very credible persons A Gentleman living about Ballaneah in the Countie of Cavan took great pains to save his sheep yet missed eleven of them some dayes after being come forth to course his man saw from a ●arre off upon a hill in a hollow place of a rock part of it being covered with the top hangging over it something alive and stirring they thought it had been a Hare or a Fox but comming neer they found it was the lost sheep the which had sheer eaten away all the wool ●rom one anothers back being destitute of all other food all ●ound about being covered with deep snow and which is more wonderfull one of them being dead the rest did eat her flesh leaving nothing but the bar bones It doth also longer contiune there so as it is and ordinary thing in those by Dublin and all other high mountaines throughout the Land to see the Snow lying upon the tops of them many dayes yea weekes after that in the nether parts and plain countrie it is thawed and quite vanished It Haileth there but seldome and in thinne short shoures the hail-stones also being very little As for the Hoar-frost that is as common here