by their Recess may occasion a Change of Texture in the Body especially in regard of the Pores whose Bigness Figure and perhaps Position being alter'd the Body by this Change of Texture acquires a Disposition to act and be acted on in several Cases otherwise than formerly Sometimes when the Weather began to be overcast the Hygroscope did not sensibly appear to grow heavier and sometimes it would preponderate when I took notice of no Vapours to make it do so and though these things happen'd but seldom in respect of the ordinary Changes of the Hygroscope according to those of the Weather yet they made me suspect that sometimes the Clouds may consist of other Steams than Aqueous or that there may be some Exhalations that may have a peculiar Congruity with the Pores of the Hygroscope and whose Nature may be such as to the Power of drying the Hygroscope that upon these or some other yet unheeded Accounts the Steams that are sometimes diffused in the Air may controul the usual and regular Causes of increasing or lessening the Gravity of the Hygroscope And this Suspicion was the stronger because having made Hygroscopes with Powder and Salt and also with the Saw-dust of Wainscot hung at nice Scales in very thin open Glasses purposely blown for Lightness sake at the Flame of a Lamp though they usually acquired and lost Weight as the Weather grew moister or drier yet sometimes they did not At half of an Hour after nine a Clock at Night I look'd upon the Half Hundred Weight that hung at the bottom of the Rope the Weather being then fair and a Mark being put at that part of the erected Board where the bottom of the Weight touch'd I perceiv'd the Sky a while after to grow cloudy and overcast but without Rain wherefore going to visit the Weight again I found it to be risen ¼ of an Inch or more and looking on my Watch perceiv'd there had pass'd an Hour and a Quarter since the Mark was made This Morning I came again to look upon the Weight between eight and nine of the Clock and found it raised above the newly mentioned Mark made last Night about one Inch for 't was about 9 10 of an Inch. This Day the Weather being fair and windy the Weight was fallen by ten at Night about six Inches beneath its Station at which I found it when I look'd on it in the Morning Being not well yester-night the Weight was observ'd at Bed-time by two of my Servants and it then rested at the 11th of the erected Bound This Morning about eight of the Clock I visited it my self and found it to be risen about ⅛ of an Inch above the eighth Inch the Morning being cloudy though the Morning very dry and dusty The Weather growing more overcast within somewhat less than an Hour after I visited the Weight again some scatter'd Drops of Rain then beginning to fall and found it to be risen about half an Inch above the newly mention'd eighth Mark. I look'd when I was ready to go to Bed upon the suspended Weight of 56 Pound and mark'd how low it reach'd upon the divided Board and a great part of the Night having been rainy I look'd again when I was dress'd in the Morning which was about half an Hour after eight a Clock and I found the Cord so shrunk that the Weight was raised above five Inches higher than I left it the Night before but the Day recovering dry and windy and sometimes warm the Rope was so stretch'd that at Night the Weight sunk a good way beneath all the Marks N. B. The Rope near the Weight was in Diameter ◠of an Inch and four decimal Parts of a tenth We took a Rope of near three Foot and an half in length from the Point of Appension and somewhat less than ◠Inch in Diameter this we suffer'd to be stretch'd for some Days by a Weight of Lead with an Iron Ring or Ansula weighing a Quarter of an Hundred according to the great Hundred which is five score and twelve and then placing a flat Board under it so that the Weight just rested upon it we had the Rope well wetted over them with a Spunge dip'd in Water and so often applied to it that the Liquor might be thorowly soak'd into the Pores of the Rope which at first seem'd thereby a little stretch'd rather than shorten'd but after an Hour or two it began to shrink so that we could make the Weight swinge like a Pendulum over the Piece of Board it lean'd upon before But afterwards the same Day the Weight stretch'd out the Rope again as much as formerly 'T is observable that though Morocco be an Inland-Town and the Soil of those Parts be usually dry if not parched yet Doctor D. who was lately there informed me that about Morocco notwithstanding the violent Heats he felt in the Day-time he observed the Nocturnal Air to be very damp so as to make the Clothes he put off at Night exceeding moist and unfit to be worn without airing the next Morning He added That though the Air was very piercing and manifested it self to be so by many other Signs yet it would not make his Knife rust in his Pocket or his Sword in the Scabbard though it would quickly produce a Rust in Instruments of that Metal exposed naked to it Air too moist cannot be wholesome The Air in our Parts viz. about Oakly in Buckingham-shire though a high Country is as I said before between Michaelmas and Alhallontide very moist especially in rainy Weather and upon a Thaw insomuch that Wainscots Stair-cases and Pictures will stand all of a Water and after run down in great Drops and at Brill upon that high Hill 't is in divers Houses worse than in the Valley insomuch that the Stair-cases especially if laid in Oil will run down with Water the North and North-East side of our Houses are observed to be moister insomuch that the Furniture will rot if Fires be not made sometimes in the Rooms and the things aired This is observ'd to be the most aguish Season of the Year Mr. J. T. As in another Experiment wetried whether or no the Removal of the Air out of the Receiver would much alter the Temperature of the included Medium or Space as to Heat and Cold so we indeavour'd to discover whether the Alteration would be notable as to Driness and Moisture To this purpose we did indeed wish for such a Hygroscope or Instrument wherewith to measure the Moisture and Driness of the Air as we used many Years ago and since found well described by the industrious Kircher in a Place of his Ars magnetica to which I therefore refer your Lordship But in regard that to this Instrument there is requisite the Beard of a wild Oat seasonably gather'd which we could not then procure we recall'd to Mind another Hygroscope which though it discover not such small Mutations as the former we thought
        10 21 16 ․    E   June         9 22 22 ․    E  Rain 10 9 21 ․      Cloudy 12 9 23 ․      Fair. 13 22 22Ë™      Rain 14 9 24Ë™      Close 17 9 26Ë™       18 9 26Ë™      Close 20 9 22Ë™      Fair. 21 9 24 ․      Fair. 2 6 23Ë™      Fair. 27 10 26Ë™       28 9 25Ë™      Rain 1673 July Memorand That from the Beginning of May till the middle of July there was scarce one dry Day but so great Rains that produced greater Flouds than were known in the Memory of Man d h T. 2 Bar. Hy. Wind. Weather 2 9 25Ë™       8 10 26 ․       10 8 25 ․      Fair. 14 17 31Ë™      Fair. 25 22 35Ë™       28 12 33Ë™      Close 30 9 24Ë™      Fair. 1674 March         9 8 1    N E  Frost and Snow 19 6 5Ë™      Snow 20 10 5·    N E  Snow all Day December         25 15 11 ․      Fair. 27 16 11 ․    W  Fair. 28 15 14Ë™    W  Close 1675 January         3 16 14 ․    W  Fair. April         25 9 12 ․    N E  Fair. 26 10 12 ․    N  Fair. 27 12 12Ë™    E  Fair. 28 9 12 ․    E  Close 1675 May         2 9 16 ․      Close 23 15 27 ․      Cloudy June         8 22 21 ․      Cloudy 9 13 21Ë™      Close 10 14 22 ․      Close 13 10 22Ë™    E  Close 14 9 17 ․      Fair. 1681 March The Thermometer marked 3 is one which I began now to use at my Return to Oxford d h T. 3 Bar. Hy. Wind. Weather 14 14 46 29 4 ․  W  A little Mist 15 8 36 29 6  N W  Fair. 16 12 45 29 5Ë™  N W 2 Little Rain 17 7 37 29 7Ë™  E  Fog 18 8 33 29 7Ë™  E  Fair. 23 11 34 28 8Ë™  N W  Close 24 12 32 29 2Ë™  N  Cloudy 25 18 33 28 7Ë™  N W  Cloudy 26 15 32  8 ․  N  Cloudy 27 13 28 29 2·  N  Fair Snow this Morning  14  29 2middot  N  Snow hard 28 11 29  5 ․  N  Cloudy 30 7 34  5Ë™  W  Close All the foregoing Week it rained in Showers every Day April         6 18 49  4Ë™  S  Very fair 7 9 45  5Ë™  S  Very fair  17 55  4Ë™  S W  Very fair 9 8 50  3 ․  S W  Close  14 50  2Ë™  S W  Rain 10 11 44  3Ë™  W 2 Clouds and a little Shower this Morning 11 17 46  5Ë™  S W 2 Fair ever since Yesterday 12 15 51  2·  S 3 Fair since 13 14 49  3Ë™  W 2 Fair since 14 13 45  3Ë™  S W 3 Fair since 15 17 54  3Ë™  E N 3 Close all Day 16 8 45  3·  E N 1 Misty  17 52  2·  E N 1 A little Shower between 4 and 5 17 6 49  2·  N E 1 Thick Fog Showers between 6 and 7 last Night 18 7 46  2·  S W 2 Fair and Clouds since May         3 14 50 29 4 ․  N E 2 Close no Rain since 18 April but very hot and fair Weather till Yesterday the Wind for the most part between N and E. 4 10 44  4·  N E 1 Close since 5 8 37  4·  N E 1 Clouds 6 8 37  2Ë™  E N 1 Fair Clouds Yesterday  19 46 29   W 1 Cloudy 7 7 41 28 8Ë™  W N 2 Clouds  11 43  8·  W 1 Rain  16 47  7Ë™  W 1 Close 8 9 41 29   N E 1 Cloudy since 9 9 42  2Ë™  E N 1 Fair. 10 4 47  3·  N 1 Fair since 11 9 48  3·  S E 1 Fair since  15 61  2·  S W 1 Fair since 16 11 54  6Ë™  S W 1 Fair a little Shower or two since  18 65  5Ë™  W 1 Fair since 17 8 55  6Ë™  W N 1 Fair since 19 17 70  2Ë™  N E 1 Fair since 20 6 64  3·  N E 2 Cloudy no Rain from hence till June 20 the driest Spring that hath been known there having been no Rain from the End of March to the End of June August         2 6 65  3Ë™ 7 N W 1 Fair. 3 11 60  3Ë™ 8 N 1 Fair. 4 9 62  3· 9 W 1 Fair. 5 9 62  3· 8 E 1 Fair. 6 15 71  1·  S 1 Fair. 7 9 68  2 ․ 9 S 1 Fair.  15 72 28 8Ë™ 8 S W 2 Cloudy 8 8 68  7Ë™ 9 S 2 Close  11 69  7Ë™ 9 S 2 Rain a little 9 9 64  8Ë™ 10 S W 1 Close  17 66  7Ë™ 10 S 1 Rain a hard Shower 10 6 62  7Ë™ 11 S W 2 Close 11 9 62 29 1· 11 S W 1 Close 12 8 66  2 ․ 17 S W 1 Mist 13 9 69 28 8Ë™ 18 S 1 Rain  14 72  7Ë™ 17 SW 1 Fair Clouds 14 8 67  8 ․ 17 S 1 Fair.  16 72  6 ․ 16 SE 1 Thunder Shower 16 9 69 29 2 ․ 17 SW 1 Rain for â…› Hour and then fair 17 6 69  2 ․ 16    18 4 67  3Ë™ 16  Â
2 ․ 39 N 1 Close 25 6 59 29 3 ․ 42 NW 1 Fair. 27 9 53 29 5 ․ 42 W 1 Fair. 28 14 67 29 3Ë™ 33 S 1 Fair. October         14 9 45 29 6 ․ 49 W 1 Close Rain last Night 16 13 48 29 4Ë™ 51 SW 2 Rain till Bed-time 1682 October        17 9 47 29 2Ë™ 51 W 1 Fair little Rain 18 10 41 29 1Ë™ 51 SW 2 Cloudy hard Rain from 5 to Bed-time 19 9 39 28 7Ë™ 51 W 1 Fair Shower in the Afternoon 20 9 34 28 7Ë™ 51  0 Rain 27 22 38 29 7Ë™ 60   Close 28 10 37 29 7 ․ 60 EN 2 Fair. November         8 18  29 8 ․    Fair hard Frost 9 9 22 29 8 ․ 57 N 1 Fog gone before Noon hard Frost 10 10 26 29 8· 58 EN 1 Fair hard Frost 11 9 25 29 7Ë™ 56 NE 1 Close hard Frost 12        Fair hard Frost 13 10 26 29 5Ë™ 57 NE 1 Close hard Frost 14 13 23 29 7 ․ 57   Thick Fog fair in the Afternoon 15 10 36 29 4 ․ 56 SW 1 Close Rain this Morning hard Rain 22 16 5 41 29 1Ë™ 66   Hard Rain Rain most part of the Day  17 41 29 1· 65 SW 1 Rain 17 11 39 29 1 ․ 64 WS 2 Fair. 18 9 37 28 7Ë™ 64  0 Fog Rain most part of the Day 19 9 33 29 1Ë™ 62 W 1 Fair Rain in the Night 20 10 40 29 1Ë™ 64 WN 1 Fair Rain in the Afternoon  22 42 29 2 ․ 63  2 Fair. 21 6 42 29 1· 64   Hard Rain till 10  16 43 29 2Ë™ 64 W 2 Fair. 22 11 33 29 5 63 W 1 Small Fog Frost this Morning 23 9 28 29 5Ë™ 62 NW  Fog thick Fog all Day 24 9 25 29 5 ․ 62 NW  Thick Fog little Rain in the Evening 25 8 35 29 3 67 SW 1 Close Rain in the Evening 26 9 35 29 4· 65 WN 1 Fair. 27 10 31 29 7Ë™ 64 WN 1 Fair. 28 4 32 29 8Ë™ 65   Fair. 29 8 33 29 7Ë™ 65 WS  Small Fog 30 9 35 29 7Ë™ 65 SW 1 Fair. December         1 8 35 29 6Ë™ 66 S 1 Mist 2 9 34 29 6Ë™ 66 S 1 Close 3 9 34 29 6Ë™ 66 SW 1 Foggy 1683. June         21 9 62 29 3Ë™ 46 W 1 Close 22 8 65 29 2Ë™ 48 WS 2 Close some Showers 23 7 59 29 4Ë™ 46 W 1 Cloudy 25 19 67 29 4Ë™ 44 WN 1 Fair Mist in the Morning 26 10 64 29 5 ․ 43 S 1 Very fair  17 72 29 3Ë™ 43 S W 2 Fair. 30 13 62 29 3Ë™ 37 W N 3 Fair. An Explication of the foregoing Register THE first Column with d at the Top contains the Day of the Month. The second Column with h at the Top contains the Hour of the Day which beginning from Midnight I count to 24 which is Midnight again so that 13 stands for 1 Afternoon and so on The third Column with Th. at the Top marks the Degrees of my Thermoscope which having been blown at a Lamp though the Spaces of the Degrees were equally divided yet because of the unequal Bigness of the small Tube towards the Extremities where it grew bigger it did not always in every Degree mark equally proportionable Degrees of Heat and Cold. The Points to be observed in that and the next Column which is that for the Baroscope shew the just Place where the Top of the tinged Spirit of Wine in the one and the Mercury in the other stood between the Line of the Degree marked and the following when the Observation was made The Thermoscope I made use of till December 1669 was a seal'd one with all the Degrees increasing with the Heat in one continued Series The Thermoscope which I used from Decemb. 1669. to June 1675. and is marked 2. was one of Mr. Cotgraves adjusting which beginning the reckoning from the temper of freezing hath the Numbers increasing both upwards and downwards the Points shew it to be in the Degrees above 0 if set over and under 0 if set under and Ë™ ˙˙ or ˙˙˙ shew it higher or lower in each Degree The Thermoscope used from March 1681 to the End is marked 3 and is of the kind of that used first The Column having Hy. at the Top contains the Degrees of Moisture as marked by an Hygroscope made of the Beard of a wild Oat In the Column of the Wind I not having the Convenience to observe the Points exactly have marked but 8 but yet with this Variety that where I set two Letters the Wind was most from that Point whose Letter stands first v. g. W N signifies more West than North. When I set only one Letter it was in or very near that Cardinal Point The Strength is marked by 0 1 2 3 4. 0 signifies not so much Wind that mov'd any Leaf that I could see in a Garden I look'd into out of my Window but the Letter join'd to it signifies which way the Weather-Cock then stood whether the former Wind left it so or the present Breeze blew that way 1 signifies a gentle Gale just perceivable by the moving of the Leaves or Plants 4 signifies a very violent Storm 2 and 3 the several Degrees between 1 and 4 as well as I could judg These Degrees though not so exactly measured as I could have wish'd I yet thought better than nothing LE Tuyau recourbé estoit fermé au bout ae et Ouuert alautre extremité B. La recourbure depuis G. Jusq ' a C. estoit pleine de Mercure tout lereste estoit plein d' air La longueur Ae. C. estoit 4 Pouces ou 32 8. J'echauffay cet air et il feit baisser le Mercure Jusques en f. qui estoit â…œ plus bas en mesme temps il monta jusq ' en H. qui estoit 3 8 plus haut que G. ou C. Pour sçauoir quélle hauteur de Mercure auroit este necessaire pour empescher la dilatation de lair retenir le mercure en C. Je nay quá trouuer ce qui seroit necessaire pour repousser le mercure en C. Etainsy contenir lair dans léspace Ae. C. non obstant la Chaleur Je pose pour principe ceque lexperience fait voir Cest que quand une quantité dáir occupe un certain espace que Jáppelle Ae. et que la pression qui leretient dans cet espace soit B. siâ—on vient a augmenter certe pression de telle quantité que lón voudra comme X. on diminuera L'espace Ae. d'une certain quantité D. Laquelle
something of Illusion offer'd to his Eyes by the Beams of the Sun that shone upon the Neighbouring Objects wherefore he rubb'd his Eyes and the new Scene not vanishing he call'd to his Royal Highness the Duke of York who was present when his Majesty was pleased to make me the Relation and to some of the attending Courtiers that were nearest at hand to make them Partakers and Witnesses of this delightful Spectacle which after it had been gazed on a little while did somewhat slowly disappear as if it had sunk down again into the Ocean Of the Cause of this rare Phaenomenon I ventur'd to propose to the King this Conjecture That the Place where it was seen lying the same way that the Coast of France did and that Coast being but a little too far off to be discern'd before it might very well happen that either by Action of the Sun or rather by subterraneal Steams the Air interposed between the Shore and his Majesties Eyes was fill'd with Vapors and Exhalations that made it much more refractive than formerly and by Help of this supervening Refraction the French Coast that lay beyond it was raised and as it were lifted up in reference to the Sight and so became visible as long as that new Refraction lasted And when the Steams that occasion'd it were either got up too high or were by the Winds or Sun too much dissipated or dispersed the Apparition ceased together with the unusual Refraction that caused it And in favour of this Conjecture I alledg'd that familiar Experiment in which a Piece of Gold or the like convenient Object being put into the bottom of an empty Cup and the Eye being so placed that the Object is but just hid from it by the Interposition of the Side of the Cup if Water be poured into the Vessel though neither the Eye nor the Object be at all removed yet the Piece of Gold will be plainly seen because the Surface of the Water which is a thicker Medium than the Air breaking the Rays that tend from the Object towards the Beholder's Eye according to the Laws of Refraction that is from the Perpendicular they are so bended that those fall now into the Pupil that if it were not for the Water would either fall upon the Side of the Cup and so be hinder'd from passing forward or else would fall upon the Eye-lids or Eye-brows or some other Part above the Pupil and so would not make the Object visible The Duke of York was also pleased to tell me that he was somewhat surprized when being near the Borders of Scotland in a Season that did not promise much fair Weather he saw one Morning the Sky very red and thereupon said that he fear'd they should have foul Weather according to the usual Prognostick of Country-men and Mariners but some of the Scotish Nobility that attended his Highness told him that in that Country such red Mornings did not bode a foul Day but rather promise a fair one which Prediction of theirs was justified by the Event Upon which occasion I enquired of a very intelligent Scotish Noble-man how far the Observation held in his Country To which he answer'd that with a due Limitation it was most commonly true for though when the Redness seems to be very near the Ground and appears in somewhat narrow Streaks of an intense Red it signifies bad Weather yet if the Morning Redness appears elevated in the Air or Sky especially if the Wind be Easterly it usually foretels a fair Day Some Observations of Capt. James in his Northern Voyage Mr. J. T. and others February I practised some Observations by the rising and setting of the Sun calculating the time of his rising and setting by very true running Glasses As for our Clock and Watch notwithstanding we still kept them by the Fire-side in a Chest wrap'd in Clothes yet were they so frozen that they could not go My Observations by these Glasses I compared with the Stars coming to the Meridian By this means we found the Sun to rise twenty Minutes before it should and in the Evening to remain above the Horizon twenty Minutes or thereabouts longer than it should do And all this by reason of the Refraction Capt. James March This Evening the Moon rose in a very long Oval alongst the Horizon April The Weather continued with this Extremity until the fifteenth at which time our Spring was harder frozen than it had been all the Year before I had often observed the Difference betwixt clear Weather and misty refractious Weather in this manner From a little Hill which was near adjoining to our House in the clearest Weather when the Sun shone with all the Purity of Air that I could conceive we could not see a little Island which bare off us South-South-East some four Leagues but if the Weather were misty as aforesaid then we should often see it from the lowest Place This little Island I had seen the last Year when I was on Danby-Island The 13th I took the Height of it instrumentally standing near the Sea-side which I found to be 34 Minutes the Sun being 28 Degrees high This shows how great a Refraction here is Yet may this be noted by the way that I have seen the Land elevated by reason of the refractious Air and nevertheless the Sun hath risen perfect round January 6. I observed the Latitude with what Exactness I could it being very clear Sun-shine Weather which I found to be 51 52. This Difference is by reason that here is a great Refraction January 21. I observed the Sun to rise like an Oval alongst the Horizon I called three or four to see it the better to confirm my Judgment and we all are agreed that it was twice as long as it was broad We plainly perceived withal that by Degrees as it got up higher it also recovered Roundness Attending upon Sir Peter Wych in his Journey for Warsaw the Beginning of June 16 69 70 whilst we lay about three Polish Miles from the City attending the Preparations for his Reception there we had very clear and extream cold Weather and for two Days together we observed the Sun and two Parhelions or three Suns from above ten a Clock to near twelve not the least Cloud appearing in the Air but that so serene that we took notice of the Icy Spangles in the Air flying about like Atoms in the Sun's Beams This is also worth taking notice of that whereas in ordinary frosty Weather any smooth Iron or other Metal whether Heads of Sticks Pomels of Swords or Barrels of Guns being brought out of the open Air into a warm Room there will presently first a Dulness in the Glass and then Drops of Water appear At this time there would immediately appear the Likeness of an hoar Frost Now whether the Particles of Cold be so subtile as to pierce or enter into polished Metal I will not determine tho the Experience of wetting one Finger with his Spittle
 1682 February         10 12 25 29 5˙  EN 1 Close Frost 11 10 24 29 6˙  NE 1 Fair Ice 12 15 27 29 7 ․  NE  Very fair 13 11 24 29 7˙ 61 NE 1 Thick Fog 14 8 23 29 6˙ 63 NE 1 Fair. 15 8 29 29 5˙ 65 EN 1 Close 17 8 31 29 0 72 S 2 Cloudy and some Rain 20 17 42 28 7˙ 75 SE 2 Rain 21 8 44 28 6˙ 75 S 2 Rainy 22 9 42 28 7 ․ 77 S 2 Close 24 10 41 29 2 ․ 74 SE 1 Close 25 15 39 28 7˙ 75 NE 1 Rain ever since Yesterday in the Afternoon 26 10 38 29 1˙ 74 N 1 Close 27 7 37 29 3˙ 75 NW 1 Close 28 10 39 29 4· 73 W 1 Close 1682 March         d h T. 3 Bar. Hy. Wind. Weather 1 9 42 29 3· 74   Fog 5 16 30 29 1 ․ 67 S 1 Very fair hard Frost in the Morning 6 10 28 29 2 ․ 67 NE 1 Fair. 7 11 25 29 2· 65 N 2 Very fair 22 13 29 29 2 ․ 57 N 3 Cloudy and a little Snow 23 8 25 29 4˙ 56 N 2 Close Frost 24 7 29 29 4 ․ 57 W 1 Close 25 9 36 29 2 ․ 59 N 2 Clouds 26 8 31 29 4˙ 56 N 1 Close 27 8 34 29 4 ․ 57 W 2 Fair.  13 39 29 3 ․ 59 WN 1 A Shower 28 7 35 29 4 ․ 56 NW 1 Fair. 29 7 30 29 5˙ 50 N  Clouds 30 8 30 29 5· 48 NE 2 Fair.  11 31 29 5˙ 47 NE 3 Snow 31 8 30 29 6 ․ 48 NE 2 Fair. April         1 8 30 29 6 ․ 49 NE 2 Close 2 9 33 29 6 ․ 50 NE 1 Close  19 36 29 6 ․ 51 NE 1 Small Mist 3 7 34 29 6 ․ 51 NE 1 Small Mist 4 9 34 29 6 ․ 50 NE 1 Close 5 7 34 29 5 50 NE 1 Fog and Sun-shine 6 9 39 29 4 ․ 49 N 1 Fair. 7 9 39 29 5 ․ 48 N 1 Fair. 8 8 39 29 5˙ 44 NE 1 Fog and Sun-shine  11 43 29 5˙ 44 SE 2 Fair. 9 7 40 29 3 ․ 40 SE 2 Thick Fog  14 41 29 1· 41 S 2 Rain  20 43 28 7 44 S 2 Rain till past 6 now fair 10 7 43 28 6˙ 47 SW 2 Close Rain in Showers most part of the Day 11 8 43 28 6 ․ 49 SW 2 Close Rain in Showers most part of the Day 12 7 41 28 5 ․ 48 SW 1 Close Shower about Noon  16 44 28 6˙ 47 WN 1 Fair. 13 6 37 28 8· 47 SE 1 Fair.  17 44 28 5˙ 47  2 Rain 14 7 42 28 2˙ 48 SE 2 Rain all the Morning till past 12  14 45 28 5· 50 W 3 Rain more or less almost all the Afternoon 15 6 40 29 1· 50 SW 2 Fair. 16 7 43 29 1˙ 48   Fair hard Shower about 18 17 7 47 28 8· 49 SE 1 Close Showers several times in the Day 18 7 43 28 7˙ 50 SE 1 Rain the greatest part of the Day 19 6 44 28 7 ․ 52 S 2 Close Rain a great part of the Day 20 6 44 28 6 ․ 51 SE 1 Rain and so in Showers several times of the Day 21 4 45 28 6˙ 51 S 1 Cloudy Rain most part of the Morning 22 8 47 28 7 ․ 51 S 1 Rain  17 51 28 8˙ 52 N 1 Rain most part of the Afternoon 23 7 46 29 2˙ 52 N 1 Close  13 49 29 3· 52 S 1 Close Rain almost all the Afternoon  22 49 29 3˙ 52 N about 18 Hard Rain 24 6 46 29 4 ․ 52 E 1 Close hard Rain at Night 25 7 47 29 1˙ 52 ES 1 Close some Rain  14 42 28 8˙ 53 SE 1 Dropping  22 54 28 7 ․ 54  3 Hard Rain from 18 26 7 52 28 6 ․ 54 S 2 Cloudy Rain often in the Day 27 5 52 28 8 ․ 55 SW 1 Close a good deal of Rain before Night 28 18 51 28 ˙ 55 SW 1 Close Rain a good part of the Morning and some in the Afternoon 29 8 47 29 1 ․ 55 SW 1 Cloudy a little Rain in the Afternoon 30 5 47 28 8˙ 55 SW 1 Fair.  18 46 28 6 ․ 55 NE 1 Hard Rain which began about 11 and lasted till 21 or 22 1682 May         d h T. 3 Bar. Hy. Wind. Weather 1 4 42 28 8 ․ 55 NW 2 Cloudy  21 47 29 2 ․ 54 NW 1 Fair. 2 8 43 29 2· 54 SW 1 Cloudy hard Rain from 19 or 20 all Night 3 6 49 28 7˙ 54 SW 2 Clouds Wind W. all the Afternoon but fair bating a little Rain in the Evening 4 5 52 28 7 ․ 54 SE 1 Rain hard till 13  13 54 28 7˙ 54 N 1 Rain hard till Night Memorand That new fitting my Barometer here the Mercury was raised by Addition of more in the Receiver about 2 10 Inch which is almost 2 of my Degrees which are Eights though I suspect it is still by reason of included Air a Degree or two too low          22 53 29 2˙ 54   Small Rain 5 8 48 29 3 ․ 54 E 1 Rain  20 51 29 3· 55 E 1 Close Rain most part of the Morning and 2 or 3 Showers in the Afternoon 6 7 48 29 3· 55 NE 1 Mist 7 8 46 29 4· 55 E 2 Rain a great part of the Day 8 4 53 29 2 ․ 56 SW 2 Hard Rain till 7 or 8 9 10 54 29 1˙ 55 E 1 Close  14 55 29 1· 55 SW 1 Rain 10 9 50 29 2˙ 54 S 1 Cloudy a little Rain about 17 and again about 22 11 6 49 29 2˙ 54 SW 1 Close 11 9 50 29 2˙ 55 SW 1 Short Shower several short Showers in the Afternoon 12 6 49 29 3 ․ 54 SW 1 Close a Shower in the Morning 13 4 51 29 2· 53 E 1 Close several Showers in the Day 14 9 53 29 4· 54 SW 2 Clouds 15 7 51 29 4˙ 51 S 1 Fair. 16 8 61 29 2 ․ 48 SE 1 Fair hard Shower about 18 17 5 60 29 3· 48 SW 2 Close 18 7 57 29 5· 47 W 1 Fair. 19 8 58 29 5 ․ 45 WS 1 Fair. 20 5 63 29 3· 43 SE 1 Fair.  16 69 29 3· 43 WS 1 Very fair 21 8 59 29 3˙ 44 S 1 Fair. 22 9 69 29 1˙ 42 SE 1 Fair.  17 47 29 1 ․ 38 SW 2 Fair. 23 7 64 29 2˙ 38 W 1 Fair gentle Rain from 8 to 11  10 63 29 2˙ 38 W 1 Rain 24 7 62 29
quantité est au restant M. comme X est a B. D. M. X. B. donc M. D. B. X. Il est aisé d áppliquer cettereigle à lexperience cy dessus Car Ae. f. ou 35 8 de pouce sont lespace Ae. Lapression ordinaire de lâir qui est de 30 Pouces Jointe ae un pouce de haut que se trouue entre f. et H. est B X 31 Pouces de mercure et si nous y en adjoustons assez pour reduire láir a léspace Ae. C. Ledit Ae. C. sera M. X 32 8 Et. f. C. Sera D. X ⅜ Posant donc M. D. B. 32. 3. 31. La quatriesme proportionelle sera X. X 2 29 32 pouces qui estants joints a B. X 31 Pouces feront 33 29 32 pouces dont láir sera pressé en C. Ae. qui sont pres de 4 Pouces audessus de la pression ordinaire Experiment made at the Spire of the Cathedral-Church in Sarum by Colonel John Windham assisted by Mr. Tho. Naish Clerk of the Works and John Warner in November 1684. HAving gotten together all the surveighing Chains the City afforded and carefully examined their Truth and having prepared a proper Frame for the Baroscope we went into the Church filled the Tube and with all the Nicety we could use purged it of the airy Particles and then immersing it as in the Forricellian Experiment the Mercury was there suspended 30 Inches and 50 Cents of an Inch measuring it from the Surface of the Stagnum Then drawing it up to the first Floor above the Vaulting which is 1033 Inches and ½ high from the Pavement the Mercury subsided 9 Cents of an Inch From thence drawing it up to the middle Floor which is 935 Inches higher the Mercury subsided 8 Cents lower than before And from thence drawing it up to the Weather-Door which is 2313 Inches higher than the last the Mercury subsided 23 Cents below its last Station So the whole Height 't was drawn up is 4281 Inches and a half and the whole Difference of the Mercury's standing is 40 Cents of an Inch. And letting it down again the same way the Mercury reascended to its first Stations At another time with an inverted Baroscope like that Figure in the Margin having made a Mark where the Liquor stood when 't was below in the Church and drawing it up to the first Floor over the   Inches  Inc. Cen. Vaulting Which is above the Pavement of the Church 1033 and ½ The Liquor ascended 1 25 To the middle Floor 1968. 2 39 To the 8 Doors Floor 2467. 3 22 To the Weather-Door 4281. 5 64 To the Top 4800 or 400 Feet 6 40 If your Honour desires to have any other Experiments made at that Spire Mr. Naish whom I have mentioned above is a Person well skill'd in the practical Parts of Mathematicks and a great Lover of Learning but more especially natural and experimental Philosophy having all or most of your Honour 's Phylosophical Works This Person I know would most gladly and heartily imbrace any Opportunity of serving your Honour whensoever you 'l be pleased to let me impart any thing to him in a Letter This is humbly advertised by Sir Your Honour 's most Obliged and most Obedient Servant JOHN WARNER ♃ Decembris 17. Anno 1685. At a Place in the great Continent in Europe but not far from the Ocean a learned Acquaintance of mine keeping a Baroscope some Years and being discours'd with by me about the Difference of the Phaenomena that may be expected in Places situate upon the Continent from what we find in this Country as it is an Island He related to me that a few Years since casting his Eyes upon the Baroscope in ordinary Weather and that was calm enough he was surprized to see the Mercury so strangely raised as to exceed above two Inches its wonted Station which great Alteration he found within few Hours to have been the Fore-runner of so hideous a Storm as was generally wondred at and did a great deal of Mischief both in the Towns and Country of those Parts where it left sad Instances of its Fury This Wind came all along the Continent but my Relator divers times observed that when very boisterous Winds blew from the Sea and the Storms came thence which lying to the Southward the Mercuty in the Baroscope would considerably subside as has likewise been often observed here in England by an ingenious Gentleman living within less than two Leagues of the Sea to whom I presented a Baroscope to make Observations with An industrious young Man that whilst he was my Domestick I bred up to Chymistry of which he now teaches Courses related to me the other Day that toward the latter End of the last Month which was June being at Oxford where his House is he had occasion to cast his Eyes upon his Baroscope and was not a little surprized to find that the Quick-silver was in an extraordinary Measure alter'd from the Height it stood at but a while before Whereupon though the Weather were very hot and fair as is usual in June and had continued so for some Days yet he took upon him to foretel from this great and quick Subsidence of the Mercury that there would be e're long some notable Change of Weather And accordingly it happened within about four or five Hours that the Sky was all overcast and there fell a hideous Storm of Rain Lightning and Thunder accompanied with such a Whirlwind as scarce any remember to have seen in that City A Letter to the Author Honoured Sir I Have been able to do so little in the Attempts I have made to serve you that I am ashamed to have been so well furnished to so small purpose The Barometer I had from you was conveyed safe into the Country and as soon as it came to my Hands I rode to Minedeep with an Intention to make use of it there in one of the deepest Gruffs for so they call their Pits I could find the deepest I could hear of was about 30 Fathom but the Descent so far either from easy safe or perpendicular that I was discouraged from venturing on it They do not as in Wells sink their Pits strait down but as the Cranies of the Rocks give them the easiest Passage neither are they let down by a Rope but taking the Rope under their Arm by setting their Hands and Legs against the sides of the narrow Passage clamber up and down which is not very easy for one not used to it and almost impossible to carry down the Barometer both the Hands being imployed This Information I should have suspected to come from their Fear had not an intelligent Gentleman Neighbour to the Hill assured me 't was their usual way of getting up and down For the Sight of the Engine and my Desire of going down into some of their Gruffs gave them terrible Apprehensions and I could not perswade them but that I had
Side there was no Snow though on the North Side there were much They stayed about two Hours on the Top of the Sugar-Loaf and then returned to that Part of the Hill where they had lodg'd the Night before I ask'd Mr. Sydenham what was the Estimate made by the most knowing Persons of the Island of the Height of the Hill and he told me that the Guides accounted it to be one and twenty Miles high from the Town which as was noted before is seated three Miles above the Sea And he added that a Sea-man with great Confidence affirming himself to have accurately enough measur'd by Observations made in a Ship and to have found the Perpendicular Height of the Hill to be about seven Miles I asked him also from what Distance the Top of the Sugar-Loaf could be seen at Sea according to the common Opinion of Sea-men He answer'd that the Distance was wont to be reckoned threescore Sea-Leagues of three Miles to a League adding that he himself had seen it above forty Leagues off and yet it appeared exceeding high and like a blewish Pyramide manifestly a great deal higher than the Clouds And he also told me that sometimes Men could from thence see the Island of Madera though distant from it 70 Leagues and that the great Canary though 18 Leagues off seem'd to be very near them as if they might leap down upon it He told me that the higher Part of the Region of Snow was two Miles or two Miles and a half lower than the Foot of the Sugar-Loaf and that on the upper part of the Hill they felt no Wind. Mr. Sydenham told me that being at the Top of the Sugar-Loaf drinking the King's Health he indeavoured to shoot off a Birding-Piece he had carried up with him but though he snap'd it above twenty times he could not make it go off whereas when he came down into the ordinary Air the first time he tried to shoot it went readily off I ask'd him whether he had taken notice that the Flint struck out any Sparks of Fire or no at the Top of the Hill and whether he had mended and alter'd the Flint coming downwards To the first he answered he did not remember to the other that he remembred he did not He also told me that having carried up a Borracha of Sack when they came to the Top of the Mountain they drank divers Healths very freely but could not find themselves heated or sensibly discomposed by the Wine whereas when they were come down into a thicker Air they manifestly felt the heady Operation of the Liquor which then made their Guide and one of their Company drunk He described the Sugar-Loaf to be in the midst of a barren Plain in the upper Part of the Mountain and to be exceeding steep The Top of the Sugar-Loaf is made shelving inward almost like a Dish But in many Places of it there appear little Holes regularly placed as it were so many little Vents to a great Fire burning in or below the Bowels of the Mountain He told me that the Guide disswaded him from going to the middle of this shelving Top affirming it to be exceeding dangerous but he ventur'd to thrust the scowring Stick of his Gun somewhat deep and rudely into one of those Holes from whence there arose a hot Steam which had like to have killed him and hindred him from further Trials He added that the Top of the Mountain seem'd to be little else than Stones and Sulphur and that there were great Store of Pieces of Brimstone which are guessed to be sublimed up from the internal Parts of the Hill Being asked whether he was sick or no in the Ascent he said that both he and all his Company which were about a dozen Men were sick for three or four Hours when they came into the subtile and piercing Air of the upper Part of the Mountain but as they went down again they were not sick And being asked what kind of Sickness it was they felt he said it was like Sea-sickness He told me that the Sack they carried up with them to refresh themselves seem'd to them at the Top of the Mountain so very cold that they were not able to drink above two or three Drops at a Draught by reason of the Operation of the excessive Cold upon their Teeth He added upon my Inquiry that his Feet were not more than ordinarily warm and yet one of the two Pair of Pumps he carried up with him were burnt off his Feet by the Brimstone When I asked him about the Difference of Seasons at the same time in the same Mountain he told me that he passed over one of them by Name On the one Side of which it was excessively hot near the Top or Ridg as well though not quite so much as in the lower Regions on the Side of the Mountain but within a Mile or two on the other Side of the Ridg he found Winter-Weather as to Cold and Storminess and yet there was Snow as well on the other Side as on this To what Depth the Water will be frozen in hard Winters To what Depth the Earth will be frozen in that Season Whether Muscovian Ice be considerably or at least sensibly harder than English Ice Whether by casting up Water or by spitting the Liquor will freeze before it comes to touch the Ground Whether Brandy Sack c. will freeze in Russia Whether Instruments of Iron and Steel be much more brittle there than here Of the cracking of the Timber in wooden Houses and the Causes of it Of the Preservation of Flesh Fish Herbs Eggs c. in hard Weather Of the curing of those whose Nose Cheeks c. are frozen Of the Symptoms of those that are frozen to Death Of the keeping of dead Bodies TITLE XX. Of the Air in reference to Light its Perspicuity Opacity Reflections Refractions Colours Light and Lightning A Very learned Traveller affirmed to me that having occasion to reside sometimes on the Riviera or Coast of Genoua he had often observed that from a high Place he could both Morning and Evening clearly discern the Island of Corsica and sometimes also other Places in that Sea though he could not see them at Noon how fair and clear so ever the Weather was when the Sun was in or near the Meridian His late Majesty K. Charles the Second doing me one Day the Honour to discourse about several Marine Observations was pleased among other things to acquaint me with this rare Phaenomenon He was one Day walking upon the Beach on the Strand not far from Dover to injoy the fresh Air and the Prospect of the Sea when casually looking forwards to the Verge of the visible Horizon he was very much surprized to discover there a new Coast with rising and falling Grounds newly as it were emerged out of the Ocean in a Place where no such thing had been seen before The Strangeness of this unlook'd-for Apparition made Him suspect
by us described which was of a yellow Colour we let fall some Filings of Copper and stopping the Glass well we drew a Tincture which according to Expectation was manifestly green but not of the pleasantest and most transparent sort of green Liquors then suffering the Viol to rest in a Window for many Days we observed that the Liquor did then but slowly return to a yellow Colour which when it had acquired without any Mixture of Greenness we open'd the Viol for a very little while to let in the Air and then stopp'd it well again the admitted Air quickly began to change the Surface of the Liquor into a green Colour which though slowly extended it self downwards till it had tinged the whole Liquor This Colour afterwards by long standing did by Degrees grow to a pale Yellow The 19th of August presented me with some Phaenomena that made me almost despair of reducing all those of our variable Liquors to a settled Theory For coming that Day at about ten a Clock in the Forenoon to a Closet where I kept several Vials furnish'd with this Liquor I perceived one of them that stood in the Window that had once almost quite lost its Colour to have re-acquired a very fair Blew at least as deep as that of the Sky in a fair Day This Viol I the rather watch'd because I had taken notice not without somewhat wondring at it that for two Days before instead of losing according to Custom the little Remains of Colour that after many Days standing it yet retained the Colour began again to increase though the Viol were constantly kept stopp'd as before and that which made this regaining of the Colour seem more strange was that there stood just by it another Viol furnished with the Spirit and with Filings taken out of the same Parcels yet the Liquor of this Parcel continued colourless Wherefore suspecting that some Accident might have happened whereby some little Portions of Air might have insinuated themselves thorow the Cork of the altered Liquor I cast up my Eyes to another Viol that stood in so high a Place that was not easy to reach it and where it had long rested and lost its Colour But upon this View I was confirmed that the Change lately mentioned in one of the Viols was not from the Cork but from some unobvious Cause For though this upper Viol was furnish'd with a good Glass Stopple yet the Liquor it contain'd was again grown Caeruleous though the Liquor of another Viol that stood just by it continued colourless Wherefore to satisfy my self further I presently went to a private Place where I had in a Cavity made in the Thickness of a Wall set aside two Viols that several Days before had quite lost their Colour and my former Surprize was increased when I found that one of them which was stopp'd with a Cork continued colourless yet the other that had a Glass Stopple and stood just by it had regain'd a fair Caeruleous Colour Both these were fitted for Trial with the same Spirit and Filings and the same Day with the others above-mentioned and the Heat of the Weather had so little Influence upon this Effect that this Day was remarkably cold being made so by a Northern Wind which made me observe it more so than I had found it for some time before I must not forget on this occasion that I was invited by the foregoing Phaenomena to look upon some Spirit not Oil of Amber that I had kept in a Viol for several Days upon Filings of Copper and had sometimes exposed to the Air by unstopping the Glass and found that though formerly the Spirit kept its native Colour better than I desired yet it had acquired a green Colour which whether it will lose again by longer standing Time must determine The slender Viol with Spirit of Honey mention'd N o the _____ though it had been wont to exchange its yellow Colour for a blew by the Contact of the external Air in a very short time and sometimes within a Minute or two yet being open'd this Afternoon in the same Place where it used to be so did not in above an Hour's time turn blew but remain'd a transparent yellowish Colour The Viol with a Glass Stopple mentioned N o 945. being for divers Weeks left unstirred in the Window where it stood before I several times observed it to lose and regain Colour and though sometimes it would only appear of a more faint or a more rich Blew yet sometimes also it would appear either quite or almost colourless and perhaps in a Day or two after it would be again as blew as the Sky And this though I could not find that any thing in the Weather was the true Cause of this Change since the Liquor would not only gain but lose Colour in colder Weather and so it would also do in warmer But on Michaelmas-Day I found it to have attained a deep Blew and though since it has been now and then somewhat more dilute yet during all the past Month of October I remember not to have seen it any thing mere colourless and this Day being the first of November I found it to have resumed a high Colour though a Viol with a Glass Stopple which had for many Weeks stood just by it and formerly did divers times correspond with it in its Changes has continued all the last Month of a very pale Blew without either deepning its Colour or growing quite colourless An inquisitive Gentleman of my Acquaintance being ask'd by me about a Mountain in Wales called _____ where solid Stones are said to change their Colour very oddly told me that within sight of that Hill in a large Piece of Ground that was then newly put under Tillage he saw good Numbers of Stones that look'd like Flints and were full as hard if not harder the Colour of most of them was dark the rest grey these Stones which when the Ground was newly turn'd up were Rust-coloured he observed afterwards to grow lighter and lighter coloured so that after three or four Years being invited by this Observation to take notice of it at his coming to that Place again he found these Stones almost all of them turn'd white About which Phaenomenon questioning the ancient Inhabitants with some Expressions of Wonder they seem'd to make little of it and assured him in the Neighbouring Mountain almost all the Stones that were exposed to the Air underwent the like Changes and within a few Years were blanch'd Having put some Mercurius sublimatus dalcis and Vitriolum Romanum tied up in several Papers apart into one Box at the end of twenty two Months I found the sublimate Mercury wholly changed into a Substance so like Antimony that some not ignorant of the Materia Medica have taken it for the same and the Superficies only of the Vitriol had acquired the same Colour but was not at all altered within This from a credible Relator TITLE XXXVI Of the