Atmosphere or vaporous thickness of the Air near the Earths Superficies whereby the Sun and Stars seem always to rise sooner and set later than in reality they do The Vse of the Table of New and Full Moons On the left side of the Table you have each Month in the Year and on the head of the Table you have the Years of our Lord and the Characters of the New and Full Moons the New Moon is thus exprest â— the Full Moon thus â The Use of which Table will appear plainly by this Example I would know the time of the New and Full Moon This Table readily sheweth the exact day off New and full Moone as likewise her true Age. for Fifteene years to come from the year 1678 to 1692 Â 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â Ianu 12 27 2 10 21 5 9 23 28 13 17 3 6 22 24 10 13 29 3 18 22 7 11 25 30 14 10 4 8 23 Feb 11 26 0 15 19 4 8 2â— 27 11 16 1 5 20 2â— 9 12 23 2 1â— 21 â— 9 24 2â— 13 1â— 2 7 21 Mar 12 28 23 17 20 5 9 24 28 15 18 2 â— 21 24 10 14 29 3 18 21 7 11 26 30 14 1â— 4 7 22 Apr 11 26 20 15 18 3 8 22 27 11 16 30 4 19 2â— 9 12 28 2 17 20 5 â— 24 2â— 14 1â— 2 6 20 May 1 26 20 15 18 3 â— 22 26 11 16 30 4 18 23 8 12 27 30 17 10 5 â— 24 2â— 13 17 â—â— 6 20 June â— 24 27 14 16 2 Â 20 25 0 14 28 â— 17 21 6 10 25 29 15 1â— 3 7 22 26 11 16 30 4 18 Iuly 8 23 27 13 15 31 â— 19 24 9 14 28 2 16 21 6 1â— 24 2â— 14 1â— 5 6 22 25 11 1â— 30 4 18 Aug 7 22 26 11 14 2â— 3 19 22 8 12 26 â—0 14 10 â— 9 23 27 13 15 31 5 2â— 24 9 1â— 2â— â— 1â— Sept 5 20 24 10 12 27 2 17 21 Â 10 23 28 13 18 2 7 21 26 11 14 20 3 1â— 22 8 12 27 30 5 Octo 5 10 2â— Â 1â— 27 â—1 17 2â— 6 10 2â— 28 13 17 2 7 21 25 10 14 2â— 5 18 22 8 11 26 29 15 Nove 4 18 23 7 1â— 2â— â—â— 15 1â— 5 8 24 26 12 16 â—â— 5 1â— 24 9 12 27 1 16 20 6 9 25 27 13 Decem 3 17 22 â— 11 25 20 45 18 4 3 23 26 11 15 30 5 19 24 8 12 26 131 16 2â— 6 9 25 27 13 A Table shewing the Dominical letter Cyrcle of the sun Epact and golden Number for 56 years from the year 1676 YEARS OF OUR LORD 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 Dom Lett. BA G F E DC B A G FE D C B AG F E D CB A G F ED C B A GF E D C Cycle of the Sun 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 YEARS OF OUR LORD 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 Epact 25 6 17 28 9 20 1 12 23 4 15 26 7 18 29 11 22 3 14 Gold Number 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 for the Year 1680 therefore look at the head of the Table and on the left fide for the Month of May and in the common Angle of meeting you will find that is New Moon the 18th Day and Full Moon the 31 Day so from the Full and Change you may compute any other Day of her Age. And if you would know the time of High Water at London or any other place contained in the Table then look the day of her Age on the left side of the Table as you are before directed and right against it you will find the time of High Water The Vse of the Circular Table marked at the Corner with the Figure 1. This Table sheweth the Dominical Letter Cycle of the Sun Epact and Golden Number for 56 Years from the Year 1676. For finding the Dominical Letter and Cycle of the Sun you are first to seek the Year of the Lord in the two outermost Circles and in the two next Circles within those Circles you have the Dominical Letter and the number of the Suns Cycle For Example If you would know in the Years 1700 and 1728 what the Dominical Letter and Cycle of the Sun is you will find the Dominical Letter to be GF which doth denote it to be Leap-Year and the Cycle of the Sun to be 1. And if you would find the Epact and Golden Number for any Year contained in the Table then find the Years required in the 5th and 6th Circle and in the Innermost Circles you will have your desire as for the Years 1681 and 1700 you will find the Epact to be 2 and the Golden Number to be 10. And here I think it necessary to shew the natural reason of these Numbers and Letters Of the Prime or Golden Number The Prime or Golden Number is a Circle or Revolution of 19 Years in which space of time it was supposed by the Ancients that all the Lunations and Aspects between the Sun and Moon did return to the same place they were 19 Years before It is chiefly to find the Change Full and Quarters of the Moon Of the Cycle of the Sun and Dominical Letter The Cycle or Circle of the Sun is a Revolutional Number of 28 Years in which space of time there is a perfect change of all the Sunday Letters for every Year and maketh its Periodical Revolution in 28 Years By help of which is known the true order of the Sunday Letter A being placed against the first day of January and the rest in their order to the Years end And every Month beginneth the first Letter of each word in this short Distich At Dover Dwells George Brown Esquire Good Christopher Finch And David Frier Of the Epact The Epact is a Number not exceeding 30 because the Moon between Change and Change never exceeds 30 Days and thereby the common Lunar Year consisting of 12 Months is less than the Solar Year by 11 Days for to every Lunar Month is accounted but 29 Days and a half so that a Lunar Year contains 354 Days and the Solar Year consists of 365 Days the
Pastimes all kinds of Delights Mirth sweet Odours c. ☿ denotes all kinds of Scribes or Secretaries Mathematicians Servants c. ☽ signifies Women in general all common and vulgar Persons The Vse of the Table that sheweth the Altitude of the Sun every hour of the Day and each day of the Year with the Rising and Setting of the Sun The Description of the Table The Months are on the head of the Table each Month noted with the proper Letter belonging to the Month as J for January F for February M for March c. The Hour-lines that bend downward are the Summer-hours those that bend upward are the Winterhours the small Lines that fall perpendicularly are the Parallel Lines of the days of the Year Those that run thwart them at right Angles with these are the Parallels of the Suns Altitude proceeding from the Tangent-Line on the right side of the Table The lower Line of the top Margent of the Months represents the Horizon where you are to find the rising and setting of the Sun The Vses follow To find the Altitude of the Sun on any Hour and Day in the Year I would know what Altitude the Sun will have the 10th of May at 9 of the Clock in the Forenoon or at 3 in the Afternoon which is all one Therefore find the 10th of May in the Margent of the Months on the top of the Table then find the hour of 9 on the right hand of the Table and note the Hour-Line which passes from 8 on the right side which are Morning hours to 3 on the left side which are the Afternoon hours then direct your eye down from the 10th of May in one of the nearest lines that proceeds down-right until it meets and intersects the said Hour-line then direct your eye from that Intersection to one of the thwart Lines that proceeds from the Hour-line and where that Line meets with the Tangent-Line on the right side of the Table to 43 which is the Altitude of the Sun at that day and hour aforesaid the same is to be understood also of the Winter-Hours To find the Rising and Setting of the Sun by the same Table The aforesaid 10th of May note what Hour-Line toucheth the lower Line of the Margent of Months and there you will see that the hour of 4 which proceeds from the Morning Hour Lines and you may see that the end of the 4 a Clock Line doth come short of the said 10th day of May which shews that the Sun rises a little after 4 of the Clock and so much after 4 as the rising of the Sun is so much doth the Sun set before 8 at Night The Explanation and Vse of the Tables of the Suns Right Ascension and of the Table of the Stars Right Ascension and Declination The Explanation of the Tables In the Table of the Suns Right Ascension the first Page contains the first six Months of the Year and the next Page the other six Months In the first Column towards the left hand are the days of the month and in the other Columns is the Suns Right Ascension in Hours and Minutes In the Table of the Stars Right Ascension there are six Columns in the first towards the left hand are the names of the Stars in the second are the Stars Magnitudes in the third the Right Ascension of the Stars in degrees and minutes in the fourth the Declination in degrees and minutes in the fifth the Right Ascension in hours and minutes and in the sixth the Denomination of the Declination whether North or South The Vse of the Tables First To find the time of the Stars coming upon the Meridian The Rule When you have found the Right Ascension of the Sun and Stars for any day proposed then substract the Right Ascension of the Sun from the Right Ascension of the Star but if the Stars Right Ascension be less than that of the Sun add thereto 24 hours and then substract one from the other the remainder after substraction is the time of the Stars coming upon the Meridian from Noon and if the remainder exceed 12 hours substract 12 hours therefrom and then the remainder is the time from Midnight Example 1. Suppose the time that the middle of the Pleiades comes on the Meridian were required to the 5th day of November 1680. I find the Stars Right Ascension to be 3 hours 26 minutes and the Suns Right Ascension to be 15 hours 23 minutes Now because the Suns Right Ascension is more than the Stars therefore add to the Stars Right Ascension 24 hours which makes 27 hours 26 min. from which substracting the Suns Right Ascension there remains 12 hours 3 minutes from which substracting 12 hours there remains 3 minutes which is the time of the Pleiades coming to the Meridian after Midnight which was required Example 2. Suppose the time of Pegasus lower Wing coming upon the Meridian on the said 5th of November 1680. I find in the Table the Stars Right Ascension to be 23 hours 55 minutes and the Suns Right Ascension to be as before 15 hours 23 minutes which being substracted from the Stars Right Ascension leaves 8 hours 32 minutes the true time of the Stars coming to the Meridian Afternoon Secondly The time being given to find what Star will come to the Meridian about the said time The Rule To the Suns Right Ascension add the time from Noon at which the Stars coming to the Meridian is required the sum is the Right Ascension of the Star that will come to the Meridian at that time with which enter the Table and look what Stars Right Ascension agrees with the Right Ascension before found or nearest thereto and that is the Star sought for Example Suppose April the 1st I desire to know what Star will come upon the Meridian at 3 hours after Midnight The Suns Right Ascension that day is 1 hour 21 min. the time from Noon is 15 hours which added to the Suns Right Ascension makes 16 hours 21 min. the nearest in the Table is the Scorpions Heart whose Right Ascension is 16 hours 9 min. and comes to the Meridian 12 min. after 4 and Hercules Head whose Right Ascension is 16 hours 50 min. from which take 16 hours 21 min. and there rests 29 min. after 4 of the Clock which is the time of Hercules Head coming upon the Meridian Note That 16 hours from Noon is 4 of the Clock next Morning A Table of the Suns Right Ascen Days Janua Febr. March April Mar. June July August Septem Octo Novem. Decem. ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen ☉ Right Ascen H M H M H M H M H M H M H M H M H M H M H M H M 1 19.35 21.42 23.28 01.22 03.14 05.10 07.23 09.25 11.19 13.08 15.05 17.15 2 19.39 21.46 23.32 01.25 03.18 05.23 07.27
disserence is 11 Days which is called the Epact Short Rules to find the Golden Number Dominical Letter Epact c. in short Distichs To know if it be Leap-Year or what Year past Divide the Year by 4 what 's left shall be For Leap-Year 0. for past 1 2 or 3. Example Anno 1680 divide only the latter part of this Number which is 80 by 4 and there remains 0 which shews it to be Leap-Year To find the Dominical or Sunday Letter Divide the Year its 4th and 4 by 7 What 's left substract from 7 the Letter 's given A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. E. 5. F. 6. G. 7. Example The Year of our Lord 1680 Its fourth 420 To both which add 4  7 2104 3 21 04 Being divided by 7 the remainder is 4 and according to the order of the standing of the Letters it shews it to be D which is the first of the Dominical Letters for that Year which is Leap-Year which continues until the 24th of February St. Matthias day and the other Letter is C which serves all the Year after accounting the Letters backward To find the Golden Number Cycle of the Sun and Indiction When 1 9 3. to th' Year hath added been Divide by 19 28 15. Example To 1680 add 1 which is 1681 divide that by 19 and there remains 9 which is the Golden Number for that Year Again to 1680 add 9 and the Sum is 1689 divide by 28 the residue is 9 the Cycle of the Sun for that Year Lastly To 1680 add 3 the Sum is 1683 which being divided by 15 the remainder is 3 which is the Indiction for the same Year The Prime and Golden Number being given to find the Epact Divide by 3 for each one left add 10 30 reject the Prime makes Epact then Example Anno 1680 the Golden Number is 9 which divide by 3 and there remains 0 therefore ten times 0 is 0 which added to 9 the Epact for the Year 1680. By the 19 Epacts to find the day of Easter Limit from the beginning of March inclusively The Epacts take from 47 but two The greatest take from 77 't wil do Example Anno 1680 the Epact being 9 subtract it from 47 there remains 38 which is Easter-Limit for the same Year which reckoned from the beginning of March inclusively it will fall on April the 7th But when the Epact is 28 or 29 it must be substracted from 77 that so the Limit may remain and the next following Sunday after the Limit is always Easter day Easter Limit and the Dominical Letter being given to find Easter day The Letter more by 4 from Limit take What 's left from nearest sevens shall Easter make Or thus Take the Number of the given Letter more by 4 from the given Limit and the residue from the greatest Sum of sevens the last remainder added to the Limit the Sum or its excess above 31 is Easter-day in March or April Example Anno 1680 the Letter C which is 3 more by 4 is 7 which taken from the Limit 38 the residâ—e is 31 this taken from the nearest greater Sum of sevens in the Limit viz. 35 there remains 4 which added to the Limit 38 the Sum is 42 the excess of which above 31 is 11 Therefore the 11th of April Anno 1680 is easter-Easter-day For the Days of the Months on which the Sun entereth the 12 Signs Twice 9 twice 10 four 12s 11 Then 12 then 9 then 8 or 7. ♈ ♉ ♊ ♋ ♌ ♠♎ ♠♠♑ â™’ ♓ Mar. Apr. Ma. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 9. 9. 10. 10. 12. 12. 12. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. For the Degree of the Sun's Place on any day From the day of the Month on which the Suns Place is required if you may or else from the Sum of that and 30 substract the day of his entrance into the Sign of that Month the remainder shall be the Degree of his place in that or the next preceding Sign Example Suppose the 6th day of March 1680 I would know in what Degree of the Sign the Sun is in Therefore according to the Rule put 30 to it then is it 36 from which if you take 9 the day of the Suns entrance into the Sign of that Month there remains 27 which shews the Sun is in 27 Degrees in the Sign preceding which is ♈ To find the Age of the Moon or the Day of Her Change Janu. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 these to the Epact fix The sum bate 30 to the Month-day add Or take from 30 Age or Change is had Which is thus Explained Add to the Epact Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Ma. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. 0. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 8. 10. 10. When the Epact is added to any of these Numbers the Sum if it be less than 30 or the Excess above 30 added to the day of the given Month rejecting if need be gives the Age of the Moon that day but substracted from 30 leaves the day of the Change in or from the beginning of that Month. For the day of the Full Moon add or substract 15 to or from the day of the Change Example 1. For the Age of the Moon on the 11th of May 1680 the Number of the Month is 3 added to the Epact 9 makes 12 which added to 10 makes 22 the Age of the Moon required 2. For the day of the Change or New Moon in May 1680 the Epact 9 with the Figure 3 makes 12 as before which substracted from 30 there rests 18 on which day is the Moons Change or the New Moon in May 1680. 3. For the day of the Full Moon take 15 from 18 there remains 3 which is the day of the Full Moon in that Month. To find the Hour of the Moons coming to South and High-Water at London The Moons Age multiply by 4 divide By 5 for southing add 3 for the Tyde Example If on the 10th of May 1680 the Moon is 10 days old which being multiplied by 4 makes 40 and divided by 5 the Quotient is 8 which is the time of the Moons southing in the Morning because the Moon is past the Full to which if you add 3 makes 11 which shews the time of High-Water at London The use of the Almanack in Lines Entituled An Almanack shewing the Day of the Month Suns Place Right Ascension and Declination for ever THe Margin on the left side sheweth the Suns Declination for every day in the Year directing your Eye from any of the Month required As for Example If it should be required to know what Declination the Sun hath on the 25th day of October which day you will find in the second Column and right against the 15th day the Declination to be about 15 Degrees and you may well determine it to be South Declination An Almanck Shewing the Day of the Month Suns Place Right Ascension and Declination for ever By
John Sellers A Perpetual Almanack For findeing the day of the Month for ever For time Past Present And to come By Iohn Seller Ianuary Februar March April May Iune At Dover Dwells George Browne Esquire Good Christoph Finch And David Fryer Iuly August Septem October Novem Decemb To find the Dom Letter for ever C 1 E 1 G 1 B 1 D 1 F 1 A 1 B 2 D 2 F 2 A 2 C 2 E 2 G 2 A 3 C 3 E 3 G 3 B 3 D 3 F 3 GF BA DC FE AG CB ED 1000 1200 1400 1600 1100 1300 1500 â—â—â—â— 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 1700 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 2400 1900 2100 2300 1800 2000 2200 High water Lond bridge Moons age The Moons southing Moons age for her 〈◊〉 3 48 1 16 0 48 1 29 4 36 2 17 1 36 2 28 5 24 3 18 2 24 3 27 6 12 4 19 3 12 4 20 7 0 5 20 4 00 5 25 7 48 6 21 4 48 6 24 8 36 7 22 5 36 7 23 9 24 8 23 6 24 8 22 10 12 9 24 7 12 9 21 11 â—0 10 25 8 00 10 20 11 48 11 26 8 48 11 19 12 36 12 27 9 30 12 18 1 24 13 26 10 24 13 17 2 12 14 20 11 12 14 16 3 0 15 30 12 00 15 To find the day of the Month 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 4 11 18 23  5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 because the Sun is then to the southward of the Equinoctial being after the 13th day of September from which time to the 10th of March following the Sun hath all that time South Declination And if you would know the Suns Place for the same day observe this lirection following To find the Sun's Place Suppose the Sun's Place were required on the aforesaid day viz. the 25th of October direct your Eye from the said day to the next Column on the right hand and you will find the Sun's Place to be in 12 Degrees of Scorpio And if you would know the Suns Right Ascension that day in time observe these following Directions To find the Suns Right Ascension in Hours Suppose it were required to find the Suns Right Ascension converted into Hours for the aforesaid 25th of October which in the 4th Column you will find right against the said day to be 15 hours The same way and order is to be observed in all the rest of the Months for any of the forementioned Requisites The Vse of the Perpetual Almanack THis Almanack is contained in this short Distich At Dover Dwells George Brown Esquire Good Christopher Finch And David Frier By which Verse with the help of the Dominical Letter you may find the day of the Mouth for any time past present or to come the use of which Tables and Verse are here-under shewed The Vse of the Tables of the Dominical Letters and their Application for finding the day of the Month by the help of the aforesaid Distich First therefore observe That all those Years exprest in the Tables are all Leap-Years as the Years 1000 1200 1400 1600 c. and so of the rest which are all Leap-Years and have each of them two Dominical Letters as you may see in their respective Columns over their heads as for the Year 1000 the Dominical Letters were GF and so of the rest The other Figures also as 20 24 28 32 c. are all Leap-Years the use of which are thus explained First Suppose the Dominical Letter is required for the Year 1632 look for 1600 in one of the Columns and in another Column for 32 and on the head of the said Column you will find it is Leap-Year and the Dominical Letters to be A G. Secondly Suppose you would know the Dominical Letter for the Year 1681 Look in the Table for 81 which you find not there Therefore look for the Year before which is 80 and that is Leap-Year and the Dominical Letters are D C. Now C being the Dominical Letter for the latter part of the Year 1680. The next Letter before it in the Alphabetical order is B which is the Dominical Letter for the next Year 1681 Which Letter you will find on the top of the next Column where you will find the Lerter B with the Figure of 1 by it which informs you that it is the first after Leap-Year And so for the Year 1682 the Dominical Letter is A and the second after Leap-Year the same is to be understood of the rest Thus having found the Dominical Letter the day of the Month may be found by these following Directions To find the Day of the Month of the fore-mentioned Distich with the help of the Dominical Letters found in the Table For the finding the day of the Month by that short Verse you are to take notice That the first Letter in each word is the same Week day Letter that always beginneth the Month as A always beginneth January and so of the rest as you may see in any Almanack according to that order as you see in the Distich All which will be sufficiently explained in this Example The first Sunday in June in the Year 1681 I would know what day of the Month it is for that Year I find B is the Domical Letter and by the Distich you find the Letter E begins the Month of June therefore count on in the natural order of the Alphabet from E until you come to B which is Sunday thus E one F two G three A four B five which is Sunday and the 15th day of the Month. Example 2. I would know what day of the Month the first Thursday of July is in the Year 1681 the Dominical Letter being B. I find by the Verse that July begins the Month with G therefore I say Gone A two B three which is Sunday C therefore is Monday D Tussday E Wednesday F Thursday which is seven in number from G including it and therefore is the 7th day of the Month on which the first Thursday falls on The Month begins with a Friday and so you may cast your Eye down to a small Table on the bottom of the said Aimanack and there you may take notice that the first row of Figures on the head of the Table is 1.8.15.22.29 which you may reckon to be always the same days of the Week that the Month begins with as if the Months which begin with a Sunday then the first row are all Sundays and the second row all Mondays the third row all Tuesdays and so on As for instance The Month of July in the Year 1681 begins on a Friday so then the upper row are all Fridays and the second row Saturdays c. So also you may say Friday and Friday is 8 and Friday is 15 and Friday is 22 and Friday is 29
c. So after these Rules and Directions you may always find the day of the Mouth at any time both past present and to come Upon the same Print of the Perpetual Almanack you have also some other small Tables one shewing the time of High-Water at London-Bridge any day of the Moons Age. Another sheweth the Moons coming to the South at any day of her Age by help of which you may know the time of High-Water at London or elsewhere where the time of Flowing is known at the Full and Change days The fourth Table sheweth the Moons Age for her shining The Use of each Table shall be explained in these following Directions A Table Shewing the Altitude of the ☉ at Every hour in the day and in each day in the year with its Riseing and setting A Catalogue of all the Eclipses of the Sun an Moon which will be visible in Eng from the year 1677 to the year 1700. Year Moneth D. H. M. Lun Dig. Min. 1677 May. 6 15 25 ☽ 8 15 1678 October 19 8 17 ☽ 22 18 1681 August 18 14 22 ☽ 10 35 1682 August 7 17 56 ☽ 18 50 1682 Tebruary 11 11 28 ☽ 19 48 1683 January 17 4 27 ☉ 10 30 1684 June 16 14 17 ☽ 1 35 1684 July 2 3 10 ☉ 8 0 1685 November 30 10 26 ☽ 21 45 1686 November 19 11 22 ☽ 7 35 1687 May. 1 1 25 ☉ 4 40 1688 April 5 6 4 ☽ 6 49 16â—â— March 25 0 41 ☽ 21 19 16â—â— September 18 14 46 ☽ 20 39 1690 March 24 10 14 ☽ 5 53 1692 July 17 15 9 ☽ 22 28 1693 Tebruary 11 16 24 ☽ 29 32 1693 June 23 0 6 ☉ 2 34 1694 June 26 12 50 ☽ 6 47 1695 November 10 7 0 ☽ 6 55 1696 May. 6 11 45 ☽ 21 48 1696 October 20 16 30 ☽ 21 45 1697 October 10 7 44 ☽ 8 54 1699 March 5 7 14 ☽ 9 5 1699 September 12 21 30 ☉ 10 0 By having the Moons Age to find the time of High Water at London-Bridge The Moons Age must be first known from some other Tables in the Book or else-where which being known find the day thereof in the fore-mentioned small Table and right against it on the left hand you will find the time of High-Water at London-Bridge As for Example If the Moon be six days old I would know when it is High-Water at London-Bridge Therefore first seek the Moons Age 6 in its proper Table and right against it you will find 7.48 which shews that it is High-Water at 72 Clock and 48 Minutes past To find the Moons Southing any day of her Age. First you must look the Age of the Moon as before and then seek the same in the Table of her Age and right against it in the Table on the right hand under the title of Moons Southing you will have your desire And here note That from the New to the Full the Moon cometh to South in the Afternoon but from the Full to the New in the Morning As for Example When the Moon is six days old I would know the time of her coming to South Therefore if you cast your Eye on the Table of the Moons Southing you will find 4 48. which shews that the Moon cometh to South at 4 a Clock and 48 Minutes past The Vse of these Tables for finding the time of the Moons Shining To know how long the Moon shineth enter the Column of the Moons Age for her shining and against it on the left hand you have the time of her shining which all the time of her Encrease being added to the hour of Suns Rising gives the time of her Rising but if added to the time of Suns Setting gives the time of her Setting but after the Full the time of her shining from the Suns Rising and it gives her Rising and then take the same from the Suns Setting and it gives the time of her Setting Example In the Year 1680 October the 5th the Moon is 22 days old Which number find in the Table and you will see that right against it there is 6 Hours 24 Min. for the time of her shining which being added to the Suns rising of the same day which is 6 Hours 46 Minutes makes 13 Hours 32 Minutes from which take 12 and there rests 1 Hour 32 Minutes which is the time of the Moons Rising the next Morning Again to the same 6 Hours 24 Minutes add 5 Hours 14 Minutes the Suns Setting and it gives 11 Hours 38 Minutes for the time of her Setting the next day a little before Noon To find the Hour of the Night by the shadow of the Moon upon a Sun-Dial by the help of the Table of the Moons Southing Observe on a Sun-Dial what hour the shadow of the Moon falls upon and take notice how much the shadow doth either lack or is past the Hour of 12 upon the Dial for so much it doth want of or is past the time of the Moons coming to South Example Suppose the Moon were ten days old you find by the Table that the Moon cometh to South at 9 of the Clock Now suppose the shadow of the Moon should fall on the Hour of 10 this wants 2 Hours of 12 and therefore it wants two Hours of eight which is 6 of the Clock in the Evening But if the shadow of the Moon had been at 2 upon the Dial then you must have added 2 Hours to the Moons coming to South then would it be 10 of the Clock at Night And Note When the Moon is in the Full then the shadow of the Moon shews the true Hour of the Night as the shadow of the Sun doth by Day The Vse of the Table of the Eclipses of the Sun and Moon This Table is sufficiently plain of it self by inspection only but however I shall give one Example In the Year 1681 the 28 of August you will find the Moon will be Eclipsed at 14 Hours 22 Minutes which is 22 Minutes past two of the Clock next Morning and the quantity eclipsed will be 10 Digits 35 Minutes The Vse of the Perpetual Table for finding the Break of Day Suns Rising Planetary Hours both by Night and Day in the Latitude of London every 10th Day in the Month. In the first Column you have the 12 Months of the Year in the second 1 11 and 22 Days of the Month in the third the Break of Day which on the 11th of February is at 5 of the Clock in the fourth is the time of Twilight which against the said 11th of February is at 7 of the Clock which is the time of the ending of Twilight in the Evening in the 5th and 6th Columns the Rising and Setting of the Sun in the 7th and 8th Columns the length of the Day and Night and in the 9th and 10th Columns the length of the Planetary Hours both by Night and Day The Vse of the Table of the Essential Dignities of the Planets Every
ATLAS CAELESTIS Containing the Systems and Theoryes of the Planets the Constellations of the starrs and other Phenomina's of the Heavens with Necessary tables relating thereto Collected By John Seller A brief Description of the several Systems Theories Schemes and Tables contained in this Book Also a Discourse of the Celestial Bodies the Sun and Moon and the rest of the Planets Fiery-Meteors Blazing-Stars and other Phenomena's in the Heavens CHAP. I. A Description of the System of Ptolomy THis Systeme of the Heavens and the Motions of the Planets is of greater antiquity than the other Palanetary Systems either by Copernicus or Tycho and is supposed by some to be more consentaneous to the Letter of the Scripture then the rest It was first invented by one Clandius Ptolomeus a Native of Pelusium in his time the Prince of Astronomers Astrologers and Geographers who lived Anno Christi 135 and wrote several Books on these Subjects This Systeme supposeth the Earth to be fixed as the Center of the World and that all the Celestial-Bodies move round the same both in their Diurnal and Annual Revolutions The World is supposed to be divided principally in two parts Elemental and Celestial The Elemental admits of four divisions The first is the Earth The second is the Water both which makes one intire Body or Globe whereon we dwell The third is the Air encompassing the Earth And the fourth is the Fire which according to the opinion of ancient Philosophers is contained in that space between the Air and the Sphere of the Moon These four Elements are subject to a continual change and alteration of one into another according to the Proverb Omnia sublunaria mutabilia The Celestial part is that which is without these elementary parts void of all changes and is by the ancient Astronomers divided into ten Parts or Heavens The first of which next to the Region of Fire is the Heaven or Orb of the Moon The second of Mercury The third of Venus The fourth of the Sun The fifth of Mars The sixth of Jupiter The seventh of Saturn The eighth of the Fixed-Stars The ninth is called the Cristalline-Heaven The tenth the Primum Mobile Hypothesis Ptolomaica The magnitude of these Heavens is known by their Courses which those great Bodies within them makes round the Poles of the Zodiack The Moon runneth through the Heavens by her natural course from West to East in 27 Days and 8 Hours Mercury in 88 Days Venus in 225 Days And the Sun in a Year or 365 Days and 6 Hours Mars in two Years Jupiter in 12 Years Saturn in 30 Years The eighth Heaven perfects its course according to the affirmation of Tycho Brahe in 25400 Years These Heavens are turned round about upon the Axis of the World by the tenth Heaven which is the Primum Mobile or first Mover by which motion is caused Day and Night and the dayly rising and setting of the Heavenly Lights Of the Copernican System THis System was contrived by one Nicholas Copernicus a Native of Thorne in Prussia a Cannon of the Church of Frawenburgh the Cathedral of Wamerlandt Scholar to Dominicus Maria of Ferrara to whom he was Assistant in making his Astronomical Observations at Bologna and Professor of the Mathematicks at Rome and had the happiness to frame this Hypothesis which hath the general approbation of the most Learned Astronomers and Mathematicians in Christendom He lived about the Year Anno Christi 1536 whose System and Hypothesis is thus framed 1. That the Sun is placed in the midst of the World in or about the Center of the Sphere of the fixed Stars and hath no Circular motion but Central only 2. The Primary Planets are each of them in their proper Systems moved about the Sun and do accomplish their Periodical Revolutions most exactly in their determinate and appointed times 3. That the Earth is one of the Planets and with her Annual motion about the Sun describeth her Orb in the middle between the Orbs of Mars and Venus 4. That the secundary Planets are ordinarily moed about the primary Planets respecting their Bodies for their common Nodes or Centers 5. That the secundary Planet the Moon is moved about the Earth as her Center where by reason of the Annual motion of the Earth she hath not only relation to the Earth but by consequence to the Sun as the other Planets have 6. That as the primary Planet the Earth is invironed with the Sphere of the Moon so are some if not all the other primary Planets who have in like manner their Moons or Concomitants encompassing them As Jupiter his Satellities or Circum-Jovials and Saturn his Ring With some other Stars lately observed by some of our vigilant and accurate Astronomers both in England and elsewhere Hypothesis Copernic … Schema corporis SOLARIS prâ—uta PP Kircherâ— et Sch … … o Roma Anno 1635 observatum Polus Borea … SPATIUM ETHEREUM Solaris Aequator SPATIUM ETHEREUM Polus Aus … s 〈…〉 Glob◠〈◊〉 Aequator Solaris B. â— C. Spâ—tâ—…m Solis boreale H.G.I. Spacâ—…m 〈…〉 Spacium Solis torridum A Pute◠〈◊〉 L.M.N.O. etc. Evaporationes una et macularum Or … The order and motion of the Planets in the Copernican System wherein is shewed the proportion of the Planetary Orbs according to the latest and most approved Experiments of Learned Astronomers with some remarkable Observations of the most eminent Phenomena's in the Planetary motions happening therein Of the Sun THe Sun who is Fons lucis oculus anima Mundi the Fountain of pure Light the Eye and Soul of the World is placed in the middle and center of the Planetary Systems and is far greater than any of the Planets that move about him He performs a revolution upon his proper Axis in 26 Days or thereabouts as Telescope-Observations testify by several remarkable spots that appear in his Body by virtue whereof saith the Learned Kepler all the Planets are carried about the Sun in their several Orbs and seems to be forced about by the Central motions of that great Body in the middle of their Vortex And hence it is that according to the diversity and appearance of his rising and setting and obliquation he divideth the Seasons of the Year and causeth an interchangeable course and vicissitude of Day and Night Of Mercury The first primary Planet above the Sun is Mercury who performs his course in his Elipsis in 88 Days His proper Diurnal motion is 4 Deg. 5 Min. 12 Seconds the Circuit of his Sphere is 12059773 Miles so that he wheels in a Day 137040 Miles and in an Hour 5710 Miles and in a Min. 91 Miles The Body of Mercury is less than the Earth 3000 times his greatest elongation from the Sun in respect of the Earths position is sometimes but 17 Deg. and never fully 19 Deg. so that he is seldom seen of us Of Venus Next above Mercury is the Orb and glittering Star of Venus who maketh her Periodical Revolution
in her Elipsis about the Body of the Sun in 224 Days It is from the Sun to the Sphere of Venus 3636104 Miles hence the Circuit of her Sphere is 22855911 Miles Her mean Diurnal motion is 1 Deg. 36 Min. 8 Seconds so that she moveth in a Day 101712 Miles in an an Hour 4238 Miles and in a Min. 70 Miles She is lesser than the Earth 147 times and yet in respect of her vicinity to the Earth in the lower part of her Orb she appears much brighter than any Star in the whole Firmament the Sun and Moon excepted insomuch that she hath been often seen in the day time as at the Birth of His Majesty K. Charles the 2d When she is a morning Star rising before the Sun she is called Lucifer but when an evening Star Vesperus Her greatest elongation from the Sun as it is beheld from the Earth is but 45 Deg. and never 48 Deg. Of the Earth In the middle of all Planets is the Earth which according to the System of Copernicus being plac'd between the Orbs of Mars and Venus accomplisheth her Revolution in 365 Days 5 Hours and 59 Min. It is from the Sun to the Body of the Earth 5021896 Miles the Circuit of her Sphere is 31560207 Miles her Diurnal motion 39 Min. 8 Seconds Therefore the Center of the Earth is transferr'd in a Day 86418 Miles in an hour 5600 Miles and in a Min. 60 Miles The Body of the Earth is less than the Earth 333 times and greater than the Moon 45 times A Degree of a great Circle upon the Earths Superficies is commonly reputed 60 Miles but by Mr. Norwood's Experiment is found to be 69 Miles And according to the first computation the Diameter of the Earth is 6872 miles its Semidiameter 3436 miles The circuit of compass of the Earth and Water containeth 21600 Miles In the Superficies of the Earth is contained 148490906 Square Miles The whole crassitude or Body of the Earth and Waters containeth 510131305785 Cubical Miles Of Mars Next above the Earth is the Planet Mars who performs his Revolution about the Sun in one Year 321 Days 22 Hours and 20 Min. It is from the Sun to the Body of Mars 7635292 Miles The Circuit of the Sphere of Mars is 47993264 Miles and his Diurnal motion 31 Min. 27 Seconds so that he wheeleth in a Day 69842 Miles in an Hour 2910 Miles and in a Min. 48 Miles and a half The Body of Mars is less than the Earth 146 times Mars Jupiter and Saturn contrary to the inferior Planets being placed without the Perimeter of the Earths Orb are sometimes in Conjunction with the Sun and sometimes in Quadtature and Opposition which cannot be in Venus and Mercury in regard their Orbs are included within the Earths Elipfis Of Jupiter Next above Mars is Jupiter who runs his Course in 11 Aegyptian Years 315 Days 14 Hours and 30 Min. It is from the Sun to Jupiter 26179152 Miles The Circuit of the Sphere of Jupiter is 164554670 Miles and his Diurnal motion about the Sun is 4 Min. 59 s Hence he wheeleth every Day 17996 Miles every Hour 1583 Miles and every Min. 26 Miles He is less than the Earth one time About his Body respecting it as their Center move four small bright Stars call'd the Satellities or Circum-Jovials who continually move round his Body and are seen only by a good Telescope Of Saturn Saturn is the highest Planet in the Planetary System and slowest in motion insomuch that he performeth but one Revolution about the Sun in 29 Aegyptian Years 162 Days 1 Hour 58 Min. It is from the Sun to Saturn 47833576 Miles The Circuit of his Sphere is 300668192 Miles His proper daily motion is a Min. o Seconds Therefore he wheeleth in a Day 15959 Miles in an Hour 1498 Miles and in a Min. 25 Miles Incrementum et Decrementum Dierum Secund Copern CANCE LEO. VIRGO LIBRA SCORP SAGIT CAPRI AQUAR PISCIS ARIE TAURU GEMINI Systema Saturni Secund â—uâ—en M. Zul Hypothesis Tychonica He is once bigger than the Earth about his Body is a bright flat Ring which encompasseth him about Of the Moon The Moon is a secondary Planet and retains the Earth for her Center about which she performs her Revolution in 27 Days 7 Hours 43 Min. It is from the Center of the Earth to the Moon 203236 Miles The Circumference of her Sphere is 1277483 Miles her Diurnal motion is 13 Deg. 10 Min. 35 Seconds So she wheeleth about in a Day 46757 Miles in an Hour 1948 Miles and in a Min. 30 Miles and a half She is less than the Sun 15924 times and less than the Earth 45 times Of the Tychonean System THis System was invented by the Illustrious Tycho Brahe a Nobleman of Denmark Lord of Knudsthorp in the Island of Schonen not far from Elsenbourg who was the most diligent and exquisive Observator in his time who framed this Hypothesis as a mean between Ptolemy and Copernicus He made a happy beginning and glorious progress in the restauration of Astronomy wherein he did rectify the motions of the Sun Moon and the fixed Stars which appeared in that Horizon wherein he lived In his Hypothesis he supposeth that Mercury Venus and all the other Planets except the Moon in their motion respect the Sun as their Center so that Saturn in opposition to the Sun is nearer to the Earth than Venus in Apogeon and that Mars in opposition to the Sun is neater to the Earth than the Sun it self as may appear by inspection from the Hypothesis it self CHAP. II. A Description of the several Natures Qualities and Substances of the Planets Of the Sun WHose nature and substance by a probable conjecture is supposed to be no other than a formal fiery Body consisting of a true proper elementary Fire partly liquid and partly solid The liquid being an Ocean of Light moving with fiery Billows and flaming Ebullitions as is manifest to those that look upon it through a Telescope The solid parts being like our Terraqueous-Globe divided into Continents Islands Mountains Rocks that thereby the vehement motion exestuating Solar-Ocean might be restrained and therefore may probably conceive that the Solar-Globe is as this Earth of ours hollowed with vast Subterraneous Caverns and Receptacles of Fire which break forth of the Solar Ignivomous Mountains in the same manner as we find our Subterranean-Fires to break out of Aetna Hecla and Vesuvius and it is in all appearance as probable that the solid parts of the Sun within which the fluid and liquid Fire is contained are as Mettal in a Furnace It is also evident that the splendor as well of the fluid as the solid Fire of the Solar-Globe is far more bright than our earthly Fire or Flame as you may see in the Map The Maculae or Spots that are seen in the Body of the Sun are certain cloudy obscurities appearing upon his Disque Their shapes and figures are of unequal form and most
irregular which argues them not to be Stars or Planets moving about his Body They have a motion from the Oriental part of the Suns Disque to the Occidental which course they ordinarily finish within the space of 13 Days more or less according to their greater or lesser Latitude for they make their motion as it were in a Zodiack of about 60 Degrees broad by the observation of which spots it is found that the Sun hath a motion upon its own Axis from East to West which conversion is finished in 27 Days or thereabouts A Table of the magnitude of the Sun compared with the Earth according to Ptolemy Maurolycus Clavius and Barocius The Suns true Diameter contains Its Circumference contains The Area of its greatest Circle contains Its common Superficies contains Its solidity contains 5 ½ Simple Diameters of the Earth 17 2 7 Simple Diameters of the Earth 20 00 Square Diameters of the Earth 134 0 Square Diameters of the Earth 166 ◠The solidity of the Earth Of the Moon The Moon is the nearest to us of all the Planets in this our elementary Sphere it being a dark and opacous Body altogether deprived of innate or proper Light evident in its total Eclipses wherein she altogether loseth her lustre Hence may be inferred that she hath her light from the Sun and as she is opacous so she is a dense Body apt to receive and reflect the Suns light The Body of the Moon appears to be full of Eminencies and Depressions like our Hills and Valleys apparent to the sence by the help of the Telescope which spots and excressencies varying their scituation and magnitude according to the divers access or recess of the Sun to which their fite is always opposite thence evidencing to be the shadows and elucidations of the most eminent parts of the Moons-Globe resembling our Alps Hills and Mountains from whence may be concluded that the brighter and more splendid parts of the Moon to be those that are more dense solid and opacous like our Earth in regard they reflect a greater portion of light than the obscurer parts to reflect a less light and therefore supposed to be pellucid and diaphonous agreeable to our Ocean Seas Lakes and Rivers from whence it may be inferred that the Moon is composed of solid and liquid parts as this our Terraqueous-Globe in which we inhabit and therefore hath been conceived by most Astronomers as well Ancient as Modern that the Moon is as it were another Earth The spots that appear in the Body of the Moon are distinguish'd into ancient and new PHASIS LUNAE NATURALIS PHASIS LUNAE ARTIFICIALIS Aestus Maris Per Motum Lunae R. des Cartes lib 4 … 49. Illuminatio Lunae Per Solem. P Gassendi Justitutio Astionomia lib 2 cap 26. The new ones are those lesser spots which are not discernable but by the help of a Telescope which are various differing in magnitude scituation colour c. observed with exactness described by sundry eminent modern Astronomers Hevelius and Langrenus c. some of whom have imposed names and appellations upon the several eminencies that appear upon her Body for the better knowledge of them being of great use and advantage to all Students in Astronomy and very necessary in the making of Observations As also in Eclipses for the better determining the quantity of an Eclipse of the Moon And according to this forementioned Hypothesis of the light parts representing the Land and the darker parts the Seas these two Maps in this Book are made both for its natural appearance as well as the artificial representations both taken from those of Hevelius's Observations who hath also given names to the eminent parts of the Moon having described and distinguished them by Geographical marks and denominations tranferring to them names proper to our Terrestrial-Continents Promontories Mountains Islands Seas Lakes c. as may be seen at large in his Book called Selenography And in the Sphere of Manilius by Edward Sherborn Esquire A Table of the Moons distance from the Center of the Earth in Semidiameters of the same and its Horizontal Parallax according to Kepler and the Rodolphin Tables In Opposition or Conjunction Distance from the Center of the Earth Horizontal Parallax Apog Med. Perig. Apog Med. Perig. 59 0 Semid 56 28 Semid 54 0 Semid 58′ 22″ 58′ 16″ 62′ 20″ In its Quadratures Distance from the Center of the Earth Horizontal Parallax Apog Med. Perig. Apog Med. Perig. 59-0 Semid 56.28 Semid 54 0 Semid 58′ 22″ 60′ 53″ 63′ 41″ The Apparrent Diameters of the Moon according to Kepler In Opposition Conjunction or Quartile Aspect Apparent Diameters of the Moon Apog Perig. In ☌ and ☠30′ 0″ 34′ 10″ In □ 32′ 32″ 36′ 00″ The true magnitude of the Moon compared with that of the Earth and Sun according to Kepler The true Diamers of the Sun and Moon unto that of the Earth supposed to be 100. The Solidity of the Moon to the Sun Earth Moon Earth Sun 25 7 16 100 1500 as to 1.59 as to 1.204671 Of Mercury The Figure of Mercury is orbicular or round not Mathematically but Physically such rising here and there with exuberating Hills and Mountains in the same manner as this earthly Globe of ours being an opacous Body and receiving its illumination from the Sun whence at several times it is seen under several faces and appearances He appears in a figure like that of the New Moon when he is Retrograde and approaching to an Opposition to the Sun There are likewise observed in him several spots successively following one another some light some duskish which light spots are by Kereherus conceived to be the said Terrestrial and Mountanous parts thereof which by their successive motion likewise evince that he hath a Rotation upon his own Axis determined within the space of 6 Hours or thereabouts Of Venus The most illustrious of all the lesser Planets is Venus and from the remarks made by the Ancients these are some that follow First She is observed to precede the Sun rising in the Morning before him sometimes to follow the Sun in setting after him and sometimes in Conjunction with the Sun and other times receding from him and sometimes to differ in magnitude being greater or lesser whence they concluded her sometimes to approach nearer to the Earth and to be in Perigeo and other times to recede further from it and to be in Apogeo Besides these Observations of the Ancients Modern Astronomers by the help of the Telescope have noted several other signal Phenomena's as that she is liable to the same variety of changes as the Moon sometimes almost full and at other times gibbous and now and then horned as well when she is Vepertine as Matutine She is sometimes seen by day as is before noted Of the structure nature and substance of this Planet from the forementioned Phenomena it may be concluded to be an opacous Body and hath its light from the Sun that it is of
a Spherical form because spherically illummated It is of a rough and uneven Superficies as appears by Telescopical Observations It is made up of solid and liquid matter as our Terraqueous Globe and is found to have a Rotation upon its own Axis and Center which it compleats within the space of 14 Hours Of Mars Although this Planet of all the rest is the most inobservable as both Pliny and Kepler affirms yet not been able to ly hid from the subtile discoveries of Astronomical Spies as the ingenious Esq Sherborn says He is observed to move in a large Orbit about the Sun as the Center of its motion within which Circle he includes the Earth with the Moon Mercury and Venus and takes up a great part of the Solar Region and when he is in Perigeum he comes to the Earth then the Sun and the notable increase of his light by reason of which he is taken for a Comet or new Star As to his Figure it is Spherical and by some hath been observed with a black spot on the middle of his Body Monsieur Hugens in the Year 1656 observed a broad obscure Zone or Belt to shadow half the Disque of the said Planet His light is derived from the Sun as that of the Moon as to the structure and nature of his Globe composed of solid and liquid matter Of Jupiter The Planet Jupiter is one of the most noted and beneficent Planets He is carried in an Orbit above Mars as is manifest by the mutual Conjunctions of those Planets at which time he is obscured and hidden from our sight by the interposition of Mars as the Sun is by that of the Moons Body Ricciolus reports in the Year 1643 that be observed the edges and margins of his Globe to be rough and uneven rising like Hills and Mountains are discovered in his Body by help of an excellent Telescope two small spots and two great ones like hollow Caverns one round and the other oval Hevelius also affirms that the face of Jupiter is variegated with spots in a manner like that of the Moon but it is manifest by frequent Observations that there is a Belt as it were encompassing the Disque of the Planet and this also admits of great varieties in appearance this Belt not appearing always straight but bending with its convexity upwards and sometimes downwards evident marks of the Motion and Rotation of the Planet upon its own Center As to the structure of his Globe it may be concluded as with the rest of the Planets to be composed of solid and liquid parts and although his Body is Physically round yet it is full of uneven Asperities having a motion upon its own Center finished in 11 Days 20 Hours 1 Min. 15 Seconds and that its Zones or Belts are solid parts less capable of receiving light than the rest of the solid or liquid parts are Of the Satellites of Jupiter The Satellites are four Stars so called moving about the Body of Jupiter as his Guards discovered first in Italy by Galieleus in the Year 1610. In Germany by Simon Marius by means of a Telescope without which by reason of Jupiter's splendor and their small distance from him none of them receding above 12 Degrees from his Body they are not to be discerned and therefore altogether unknown to the Ancients These by Galleleus their first Disâ—â—â—â—er were called Sidera Medicaea The first next Jâ—piter â—e call'd Cosmos minor the next Cosmos mâ—yor the third Maria Medicaea the fourth Katherina Medicaea Simon Marius giving to the innermost the name of Jovial Mercury the next Venus to the third Jupiter to the fourth Saturn But Jo. Baptista Hodieâ—na who first of all published Ephemerides of the motions of the said Stars names the inmost from the young Prince of Tuscany Principharus the second from Victoria Dutchess to the Grand Duke Victripharus the third from Cosmos the first Duke of Florence Cosmipharus the last from Ferdâ—nand the late Duke Fernandipharus The greatest Digressions from the Body of Jupiter computed in Semidiameters of the same are as followeth Satellites 1 2 3 4  3.0 Sem. 5.0 Sem. 8.0 Sem. 12.0 Sem. Their Periodical Revolâ—tions are in their several Orbits according to Hevelius Sat. Days Hours Min. Sec. 1 1 18 28 00 2 3 13 18 0 3 7 3 57 0 4 16 18 9 0 Their Diurnal and Horary motion in their Orbits each divided in 360 Deg. according to Marius 1 Diurnal Horary 1 203 Gr. 25′ 0″ 8 Gr. 28′ 30″ 2 101 Gr. 17′ 22″ 4 Gr. 13′ 0″ 3 50 Gr. 14′ 57″ 2 Gr. 6′ 30″ 4 21 Gr. 28′ 48″ 0 Gr. 53′ 42″ Of Saturn The highest and of all the Primary Planets hitherto known the most remote from the Earth runs his course above all the rest and beneath the fixed Stars and hath little or no Parallax nor are there any of the fixed Stars or Planets that afford to the observing Eye by means of the Telescope such strange and admirable Phenomena The chiefest and most worthy of note are three First That he appears girdled about with a flat Ring of Light Secondly That he hath several lesser Planets like the Circum-Jovials moving about his Body Thirdly That his Figure appears variously and incredibly diversified being sometimes beheld in a round form at other times represented with two Rundles on each side which at other times alter their Figure and appear like certain Handles or Ears like a two ear'd Porringer Monsieur Hugens by his Observations of this Planet hath noted that the said Ring about the Body of Saturn is every way alike distant from it the plane whereof always keeps in a certain and constant inclination to the Ecliptick appearing according to its diversity of Aspect as you may see more plainly in the System of Saturn in this Book There is also several other Stars one discovered about his Body by Hevelius at Dantzack by Sir Paul Neal and Sir Christopher Wren here in in England Phases Planetarum Sol ☉ Maculae Luna ☾ Saturne ♄ Aâ—s … Saturne ♄ Ansâ— Jupiter ♃ Satelitâ—s Mars ♂ Venus ♀ Mercury ☿ further from him than that The Revolution of which Interiour Planet he found to be compleated in four Days and a half the Exterior in something more than 80 Days This Planet as the rest may be probably concluded to be composed of solid and liquid matter of a Leaden temper and colour that it is Spherical but withall full of uneven Asperities and that it is an opacous Body and illuminated ab extra and although the Suns light may approach it yet it is not sufficient to give a requisite lustre to so great and so distant a Body but must have doubtless the assistance of some light from some other Fountain He hath a motion upon his own Center performed in 29 days 10 hours 1′ 16″ A Table of the magnitudes of the Planets in respect to the Earth according to Hevelius Names of the Planets Planets dist from the
Lorrain died A great War between the Swedes and Danes In the Year 1618 the 25th of August appeared a Comet and lasted until the 24th of January next following in all 60 Days appearing about three of the Clock before Sun rising a little beneath the left Fore-foot of Vrsa major inclining toward the Head of Leo in the 10 Deg. of the said Sign and in 22 Deg. of North Latitude It appeared by the help of the Telescope to be Hairy its light not clear shining but duskish its magnitude like that of Venus its colour palish It run from Scorpio to the middle of Cancer above one third part of the Heavens at first Southern at last Northern It s Tail was like that of an Estridge bowed in length 45 Degrees In Persia it was observed to be like a Cemitar It s apparent as well as its true magnitude was various and unconstant The Effects that followed this Comet was The death of the Emperor Matthias Ann Queen of England died and the Empress of Germany also about this time Many eminent mutations in all parts of Europe succeeded this Comet In the Year 1647 there appeared a Comet on the 29th of November lasted but two Days seen in the Evening at half an Hour past eight in the Constellation of Coma Berenices not quite 5 Degrees from the left Leg of Bootes about 10 Deg. from Arcturus in the eighth Degree of Libra in 26 Deg. of North Latitude It s motion contrary to the Series of Signs viz. From the Head of Bootes toward the Ecliptick and Spica Virginis It was something less in appearance than Arcturus but sufficiently bright and splendid It s Tail was erected upwards towards the Zenith in length 12 Degrees like to a Broom In the Year 1652 there appeared a Comet on the 20th of December it lasted while the 10th of January appearing about 6 of the Clock in the Evening in 9 Deg. of Gemini and 31 Deg. of South Latitude not far from Rigal in the left Foot of Orian. Its motion was constantly Retrograde from South to North by the Hare foot of Orion to the Pleiades and from thence as for as Ferseus It s Head was round and little less than the Moon its light pale and dull overcast by a thin Cloud its magnitude was not always the same It s Tail at first appeared Eastward opposite from the Sun resembling a sharp-pointed Cone in length 7 Degrees of a whitish but obscure colour About the 7th of January it quite lost its thin Rays like Hairs its Tail increased being at first 3440 at last 165000 German Miles In the Year 1661 there appeared a Comet on the third of February it lasted 53 Days seen in the Morning 47 Min. after 5 of the Clock Eastward beneath the Dolphin between the Eagles-Head and that of the lesser Horse in 10 Deg. of Aquarius 22 Deg. of North Latitude in the very Aether or highest Heaven at first two thousand at last 9000 Semidiameters of the Earth distant from it and consequently according to the opinion of Hevelius higher than the Sun it self It s course was from East to West by the Head Neck and nether Wing of Aquila in a Line almost parallel to the Ecliptick It s Head was round and of a yellowish colour clear and conspicuous It s Tail extended about 6 Degrees in length toward the Dolphin narrower where it joined to the Head pointing to that part of Heaven opposite to the Sun but with some kind of deflection In the Year 1664 there appeared a Comet on the 14th of December it lasted about three Months seen at first in the Morning about five of the Clock afterwards in the Evening near the Beak of the Crow in 8 Deg. or Libra and 22 Deg. of South Latitude In the highest Aether its Parallax at the beginning 59″ in the middle 4′ and in the end 16″ so that at first it was 3500 then 1000 and at least 120000 Semidiameters of the Earth distant from the Terrestrial Globe and higher than Mars It s motion was Retrograde from Corvus by Hydra Argus Canis major Hare Eridanus and Whales-Head unto Aries its course somewhat deflecting from a great Circle it ran through more than five Signs of the Zodiack viz. Libra Virgo Leo Cancer Gemini Taurus even unto Aries and in its Progress ran 154 Degrees It s Head was very conspicuous somewhat yellow in the midst thereof was discern'd a clear light surrounded with another more obscure It s Tail extended 14 Deg. in length sometimes longer sometimes shorter always extended to that part of Heaven opposite to the Sun yet with some deviation sometimes Northward sometimes Southward Towards its end it was sometimes quite lost and then again recovered Figurae variorum cometarum qui annis his infra nominatis apparuerunt Cometa 1577 Dic 13. Nov a Tyâ—hoâ—e Observ Cometa 1590 Cometa 1607 Cometa 1618 Dic. 1 Dec Cometa 1647 Cometa 1652 Cometa 1672 Cometa 1661 Cometa 1664. 1665. Cometa 1677 In the Year 1668 there appeared a Comet the 5th and 10th of March observed by Signtor Cassini at Bologna About the first Hour of the Night after the Italian Computation the Head or Body was not seen being hid under the Horizon The Tail was of a stupendious length being extended as it appeared at Lisbon in Portugal over almost the fourth part of the Visible Heaven from West to East from the Whale through Eridanus to the Star that precedes the Ear of Lupus In the Year 1672 there appeared a Comet on the second of March lasted till about the end of April as Signtor Cassins computed seen both Mornings and Evenings at first between the Head of Medusa and the Pleiades aftewards having continued its course towards the Root of the Southern-Horn of Taurus and having passed the Ecliptick went on above the top of Orion's Head to the Milky way It s greatest declination from the Equator Northward was 38 Deg. and a half He made 2 Deg. 32 of motion in one Day In the great Circle of its apparent motion its Head appeared in the Telescope almost round The Tail was almost imperceptible and appeared of the length of two Diameters of the Head or thereabouts not above 3 or 4 Min. of a Degree In the Year 1677 there appeared a Comet which rose on the 21 of April about 2 in the Morning near N. E. by N. It had a short bushy Tail about 5 Degrees in length to appearance about 2. Yards pointing towards the right Foot of Andromeda The Head of the Comet was of a pale colour as big as a Star of the first Magnitude and was in the Longitude of 11º of Taurus and in the Latitude 18 Deg. No. On the 23 of April the same Comet rose after 2 in the Morning the Tail streaming towards the Star in the Knee of Cassiopaea and being in Longitude 15 Degrees of Taurus and in Latitude 17 Degrees Notherly Of the fixed Stars THese Stars are said to be fixed
Planet hath two Signs for his Houses except ☉ and ☽ they have but one apiece ♄ hath ♑ and â™’ ♃ hath â™ and ♓ ♂ hath ♈ and ♠☉ hath ♌ ☽ hath ♋ c. One of these Houses is called Diurnal noted with the letter D the other is Nocturnal noted by the letter N. In these Signs the Planets have their Exaltations which are noted in the third Column as the ☉ in the 19 ♈ ☽ in the 3 ♉ ♌ in ♊ 3 Degrees c. are exalted These 12 Signs are divided into four Triplicities the 4th Column tells you what Planet or Planets both Night and Day governs each Triplicity as over A Table shewing the true Houre of the day by a plain Staff divided into to 10 equal parts Ho. before n 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 Ho. after noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Iune 11 Iunâ—â—1 5 b 6 7 b 9 c 13 b 19 a 30 57 a Iune 1 Iunâ— 21 5 b 6 7 b 10 13 c 19 b 30 b 59 May 21 Iuly 2 5 c 6 b 7 c 10 a 14 40 â— 32 65 a May 11 Iuly 13 6 a 6 c 8 a 10 c 14 c 21 â— 35 78 b April 30 Iuly 23 7 7 b 9 11 b 16 23 40 108 April 20 August 2 7 c 8 a 10 12 c 17 b 26 b 48 196 April 9 August 13 8 c 9 d 11 14 19 b 30 62 a  March 30 August 23 10 10 b 12 a 15 c 22 a 36 b 92 a  March 20 Septemb. 2 11a 12 14 18 26 46 182  March 10 Septemb. 13 13 13 c 16 21 31 a 62 â— Â Febr 28 Septemb. 22 15 16 18 c 24 c 39 97 a  Febr 18 Octob. â— 17 b 18 b 22 20 c 51 210  Febr 8 Octob. â—3 20 b 21 c 26 â—6 70 c  Ian. 29 Octob. 23 24 25b 31 â—6 110  Ian. 19 Nov. 2 28 29 37 â—9 208  Ian. 9 Nov. 11 32 34 44 â—6 829  Decemb. 30 Nov. 21 36 39 51 â—7  Decemb. 21 Dec. â— 39 42 56b â—7  Decemb. 11 Dec. â—1 40 43c 59 26  Note that a stands for a quarter of a part b for half a part and c for three quarters To find the hour of the day by this Table Take a Staff of what length you please and with a Pair of Compasses divide it into to equal parts marking them upon the Staff then in some plain level place where the Sun doth shine set it upright and mark where the end of the shadow thereof salls which done measure with your Staff the length of the shadow and note the parts it contains which find out in this Table against the day of the Month. and over head you have the true hour of the day Suppose the 9 of April or 13 of August I should find the shadow of the Staff to be 30 partes and a quarter that is three Staff length and quater therefore seeking in the Table against the said dayes I see over-head that it is then either 7 a clock in the morning or 5 in the afternoon so that if your observation was in the morning it was 7 but if in the after noon 5 a clock By this Example you may see the ease and excellent use of the Table which is as ready as any movable Sun-Dyal so that wheresoever you are or travell you may having this Book about youâ—speedly known the true hour â— A Perpetual Table of Break of day Sun rise planetary hour etc. in the Latitude of London  Break of day Twilight sun rise sun set leng day leng night Pl H by D. Pl H by N h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m Ianu 1 5 54 6 6 8 2 3 58 7 56 16 4 0 40 1 20 11 5 4 6 18 7 49 4 11 8 22 15 38 0 42 1 18 21 5 35 6 25 7 34 4 26 8 52 15 8 0 44 1 16 Feber 1 5 17 6 13 7 17 4 43 9 26 14 34 0 47 1 13 11 5 0 7 0 6 59 5 1 10 2 13 58 0 50 1 10 21 4 45 7 15 6 42 5 18 10 36 13 24 0 54 1 6 Mâ—â—â— 1 4 20 7 10 6 23 5 37 11 14 12 46 0 56 1 4 11 3 59 8 1 6 0 6 0 12 0 12 0 1 0 1 0 21 3 34 8 23 5 42 6 18 12 36 11 24 1 3 0 57 April 1 3 33 8 55 5 30 6 40 13 20 10 40 1 7 0 55 11 2 38 9 22 4 58 7 2 14 4 9 56 1 10 0 50 21 2 2 9 58 4 40 7 20 21 40 9 20 1 13 0 47 May 1 1 30 1 30 4 22 7 38 25 10 8 44 1 16 0 44 11 〈◊〉 30 11 30 3 0 8 51 15 42 8 18 1 18 0 42 21 … d day and noâ— Night Nâ— night but Twilight 3 55 8 5 16 10 7 50 1 20 0 40 Iune 1 3 50 8 10 16 20 7 40 1 21 0 39 11 3 57 8 3 16 26 7 34 1 21 0 39 21 3 50 8 10 16 20 7 40 1 22 0 38 Iuly 1 3 50 8 3 16 6 7 54 1 20 0 40 11 0 â—2 11 18 4 9 7 51 15 42 8 18 1 18 0 4 21 1 22 10 38 4 22 7 39 15 18 8 42 1 16 0 44 August 1 2 0 10 0 4 59 7 21 14 42 6 18 1 14 0 46 11 2 21 9 39 4 58 7 2 14 4 6 56 1 10 0 50 21 3 0 9 0 5 16 6 44 13 28 10 32 1 7 0 53 Septem 1 3 30 8 30 5 35 6 25 12 46 11 14 1 3 0 57 11 3 59 8 1 6 56 6 4 12 8 11 52 1 0 1 0 21 4 19 7 41 6 16 5 44 11 28 12 32 1 57 1 3 Octobe 1 4 48 7 12 6 36 5 24 10 48 13 12 0 54 1 6 11 5 0 7 0 6 56 5 4 10 8 13 32 0 50 1 10 21 5 18 6 42 7 15 4 46 9 50 14 30 0 47 1 13 Novem 1 5 37 6 27 7 34 4 26 8 52 15 8 0 44 1 26 11 5 45 6 17 7 49 4 11 8 22 15 38 0 42 1 18 21 5 54 6 6 8 1 3 59 7 58 16 2 0 40 1 20 Decem 1 5 57 6 3 8 10 3 50 7 40 16 20 0 39 1 21 11 6 0 6 0 8 13 3 47 7 34 16 26 0 38 1 22 21 5 8 6 2 8 9 3 52 7 44 16 16 0 39 1 21 A Table shewing what Planets Rules every hour of the Day and Night  the hours of the Day the hours of the Night 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sund ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♃ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ Mond ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☉ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿
☽ ♄ ♃ Tuesd ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ Wednes ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ Thursd ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ Fryd ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ Saturd ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ ☉ ♀ ☿ ☽ ♄ ♃ ♂ Note that to â—vâ—…y day in the week there is appropriated a several Planets as ☉ to Sunday ☽ to Monda◠♂ Teusd c. therefore each planet the 〈…〉 this Table you may perceiue that the sun governs the first hour after sun 〈◊〉 on sund ♀ 〈◊〉 second ☿ 〈…〉 the Moon governs the fourth planetary hour so on ♃ governs 〈…〉 plan hour 〈…〉 Night that is after sun set ♂ the 2. ☉ the 3. … s you may 〈…〉 the rest A Table of the Essential Dignities of the Planets according to Ptolomy Signes Houses Diurn Noct Exaltation 〈◊〉 the Planets The Terms of the Planets The faces of the Planets 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 D Noc ♈ ♂ D ☉ 10 ☉ ♃ ♃ 6 ♀ 14 ☿ 22 ♂ 26 ♄ ♂ 10 ☉ 20 ♀ 30 ♀ ♄ ♉ ♀ N ☽ 3 ♀ ☽ ♀ 8 ☿ 15 ♃ 22 ♄ 26 ♂ 30 ♀ 10 ☽ 20 ♄ 30 ♂  ♊ ♀ D ☊ 3 ♄ â ♀ 7 ♃ 1 ♀ 21 ♄ 25 ♂ 30 ♃ 10 ♂ 20 ☉ 30 ♃  ♋ ☽ N D ♃ 15 ♂ ♂ ♂ 6 ♃ 13 ☿ 20 ♀ 27 ♄ 30 ♀ 10 ♀ 20 ☽ 30 ♄ ♂ ♌ â N D  ☉ ♃ ♄ 6 ☿ 13 ♀ 19 ♃ 25 ♂ 30 ♄ 10 ♃ 20 ♂ 30 ♄  ♠♀ N ☿ 15 ♀ ☽ ☿ 7 ♀ 13 ♃ 18 ♄ 24 ♂ 30 ☉ 10 ♀ 20 ☿ 30 ♃ ♀ ♎ ♀ D ♄ 2 ♄ ☿ ♄ 6 ♀ 11 ♃ 10 ☿ 24 ♂ 30 ☽ 10 ♄ 20 ♃ 30 ♂ â ♠♂ N  ♂ ♂ ♂ 6 ♃ 14 ♀ 21 ☿ 27 ♄ 30 ♂ 10 ☉ 20 ♀ 30 ♀ ☽ ♠♃ D ♌ 3 ☉ ♃ ♃ 8 ☿ 14 ☿ 19 ♄ 25 ♂ 30 ☿ 10 ☽ 20 ♄ 30 ☿  ♑ ♄ N ♂ 28 ♀ ☽ ♀ 6 ☿ 12 ♃ 19 ♂ 25 ♄ 30 ♃ 30 ♂ 20 ☉ 30 ☽ ♃ â™’ ♄ D  ♄ ☿ ♄ 6 ☿ 12 ♀ 20 ♃ 25 ♂ 30 ♀ 10 ☿ 20 30 ☉  ♓ ♃ N ♀ 27 ♂ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♃ 14 ☿ 20 ♂ 20 ♄ 30 ♄ 10 ♃ 20 ♂ 30 0 ☿ against ♈ ♌ â™ you find ☉ ♃ viz. ☉ governeth by Day in that Triplicity Over against ♉ ♠♑ you find ♀ and ☽ viz. that ♀ hath domination by Day and ☽ by Night in that Triplicity Over against ♊ ♎ â™’ you find ♄ ☿ which rule as aforesaid Over against ♋ ♠♓ you find ♂ which according to Ptolomy ruleth only that Triplicity both Day and Night Overagainst ♈ in the 5 6 7 8 9 Columns you find ♃ 6. ♀ 14. which tells you the first 6 Degrees of ♈ are the terms of ♃ from 6 to 14 the terms of ♀ c. Overagainst ♈ in the 10 11 12 Columns you find ♂ 10. ☉ 20. ♀ 30. viz. the first 10 Degrees of ♈ are the Face of ♂ from 10 to 20 the Face of ☉ from 20 to 30 the Face of ♀ c. Overagainst ♈ in the 13 Column you find ♀ detriment viz. ♀ being in ♈ is in a Sign opposite to one of her Houses and so is said to be in her Detriment Overagainst ♈ in the 14 Column you find ♄ and over his head fall that is ♄ when he is in ♈ opposite to ♎ his Exaltation and so is infortunate c. A Planet dignified as above-said is said to be in his Essential Dignity Accidental Dignities are when Planets are casually in an Angle or succedent House direct free from combustion A Planet in his House or Exaltation being significant of any Person denotes him to be in a happy and prosperous Condition not wanting for the Goods of this Life A Planet debilitated as being in detriment or fall and afflicted denotes the Querent to be in a very low and mean Condition much dejected and disconsolate The Vse of the Table of the Planetary or Vnequal Hours for every Night and Day in the Year To find what Planetary Hour it is and also what Planet reigneth that Hour You must learn at what Hour and Minute the Sun doth rise upon the day proposed which you may find in each page of the Almanack and also the true Hour of the Day at any time proposed Then observe how many Hours and Minutes the said time is after Sun rising the number of which Hours multiply by 60 and to the Product add the odd Minutes if there be any then the Aggregate divided by the number of minutes that a Planet reigneth the Quotient will shew the number of a Planetary Hour Example Suppose that when the Sun riseth at 8 of the Clock as upon Saturday the 8th of January 1681 it doth and it be required to know what Planetary Hour it is at 11 a Clock before noon the same day therefore because 11 a Clock is 3 hours after 8 the Suns rising multiply 3 by 60 and the Product is 180 which being divided by 40 for so many minutes are in a Planetary Hour that day the Quotient is 4 hours 30 minutes Therefore you may conclude that there are 30 minutes spent of the Planetary Hour Having found what Planetary Hour it is and would know what Planet doth reign that hour do thus Seek the day of the Week in the precedent Table and the hour of the day on the top of the Table and in the common Angle of Meeting you will find the Planet that governeth that hour And in the other precedent Table on the right hand which is for the Night is the Planet that governeth the same Hour by Night Example Upon the aforesaid day the 8th of January 1681 it is required to find what Planet reigneth at 11 a Clock before Noon the same day Therefore according to the aforesaid Rule you may find there are 30 minutes spent of the fourth Planetary Hour therefore first find Monday on the side of the said precedent Table then look for 4 in the head of the Table and in the common Angle of Metting you will find ♂ to be the Governor that rules the 4th Hour of the same day Of the Properties and Natural Effects of the Seven Planets Having now shewed what Planet rules each Hour it will be necessary to shew the Natures Qualities and Dispositions of them ♄ denotes in general Lands Houses Tenements Country-men Ancient People c. ♃ signifies Judges Senators Divines Riches Law Religion c. ♂ signifies Souldiers Physicians War Strife and Debate Theft and all manner of Cruelty c. ☉ signifies Honour Greatness noble Persons of all degrees ♀ denotes Women Pleasure