like I have Typified all the Eclipses that wil be Visible in Great Britain during these seven years the greatest Eclipse of the Sun that happens within the time aforesaid is upon May the 15 day 1668. The Type whereof as it will appear in the Heavens in the Meridian of the City of Glasgow take as followeth EAST NORTH WEST SOUTH The Explanation of the Figure is this H I L representeth the Ecliptique wherein the Sun continually moves I is the Center of the Sun A the Center of the Moon at the beginning of the Eclipse V is her Center and true Place at the Visible Conjunction At which time so much of the dark Body of the Moon as covereth the Sun in this Figure so much of the Suns Body in the Heavens will be covered by the Inrerposition of the Moons dark Body between the Sun and the Citizens of Glasgow E is the place of the Moon at the end of the Eclipse when the utter Circles of the two Luminaries lastly touch one another The Line A V E represents the way of the Moon during the time of the Eclipse but for further satisfaction in the Premises I refer you to the Book it self which will be ere long Printed and Published If you desire to behold an Eclipse of the Sun without damage to the Eyes THen take a Burning-glasse such as men use to light Tobacco with the Sun or a Spectacle-glasse that is thick in the midle such as is for the eldest sight and hold this Glasse in the Sun as if you would burn through it a Pastboard of White-paper-book or such like and draw the Glassâ—â—â—om the Board or Book twice so far as you do to burn with it so by direct holding it nearer or further as you shall see best you may behold upon your Board Paper or Book the round body of the Sun and how the Moon passeth between the Glasse and the Sun during the whole time of the Eclipse This mayest thou practise before the time of an Eclipse wherein thou shalt discern any Cloud passing under the Sun or by another putting or holding a Bullet on his fingers end betwixt the Sun and the Glasse at such time the Sun shining as thou holdest the Glasse as before thou art taught CHAP. V. To find how long the Effects of an Eclipse continues and when they begin and end QVot horas durat Eclipsis Solaris tot annorum duratoris effectus praenunciat Quot horas durat Lunaris ut mensem How many hours the Sun is Eclipsed so many years will the effects continue but if it be a Lunar Eclipse so many Months Now to find the time when the effects of some Eclipse begins and ends observe if the Eclipse falls in the Eastern Horizon the effects thereof will manifest themselves about the next four Months following the Eclipse and will more strongly operate in the first third part of its whole Duration But if it fall in the Mid-heaven the Events thereof will begin to appear in the 4th Moneth next following but most apparent will the effects be in the middle most third part of its whole Duration But if it happen in the West part of the Horizon the effects shall not begin untill about the last four Moneths and its greatest Operation will be in the last third part of its whole Duration Therefore we are to observe at the midle of the Eclipse how far the Luminary eclipsed is distant from the rising and how long it continueth above the Horizon which known reduce them into minuts for facility of Operation and then say by the Golden Rule if the time of the whole continuance of the Luminary eclipsed above the Horizon give 365 dayes or a whole year What shall the time of the rising give Multiply and Divide and the Quotient will yeeld your desire As for example in the Eclipse of the Moon that is to happen the 27 of July 1664. in the Meridian of the Honourable and Famous City of Glasgow at a 11 hours 12 min. 12 seconds The Moons Nocturnal Arch is 8 hours 30 min. reduced into minuts is 510. The Sun sets in the Latitude of 56 deg at 45 min. past 7. which in this case may serve for the time of the Moons rising so that the distance of the Moon at the greatest Obscuration is 3 hours 37 min. which reduced as aforesaid into minuts is 217. Now 365 the dayes in a Common Year multiplied by 217. the product 79205. divided by 510. the Quotient is 155. 31 102. Or you may perform the Operation with more facility and greater expedition by the Logarithmes which was first invented by the thrice noble and Illistruous Lord viz. John Lord Nepper Barron of Marchiston c. in Scotland whose Name and Fame will never Terminate until the general Dissolution The Operations by his Lagarithmes is this  Logarith Length of the night 8 h. 30 m. or 510 m. 2 707570 The Common Year hath 365 dayes 2 562293 Distance of the greatest obscuration 3 h. 37 m. or 217 m. 2 336459  4 898752 Dayes or the Effects begin 155. 2 161182 And so many dayes it will be before the Effects begin to operate and therefore from the day of the Eclipse viz. the 27 of July 1664. I number 155 dayes and it points out the 29. of December following on which day the Eclipse begins to Operate And because the Duration of the saids Eclipse is 4 h. 1 m. 8 s according to my Doctrine of Eclipses therefore the Effects will last 4 Months from the 29 of December 1664. as aforesaid Moreover Ptolomy saith that how many hours the Sun is distant from the Horoscope or ascendant all 's one at the time of his Eclipse so many years will it be ere the Effects begin to Operate so that if the Eclipse be in or near the West Angle it may be 12 whole years before the Effects take place But I rather consent to Origanus who saith they Inchoate at the very day of the Eclipse Consentem namque est Eclipses statim operari effectus suos aliquasque extendere Orig. par 3. cap. 2. de effectibus Thus having shown you how to find the time of the beginning and ending of the Effects of the Eclipses and time of continuance I come next to shew in what Kingdoms and Countreys the Effects will principally manifest themselves CHAP. VI. The Names of the Regions Cities and Towns subject to the Signs and Planets THe Effects of Eclipses are most felt in those Regions and places that are under the eclipsed Sign and in such places where they are visible Nil nocet Eclipsis illis Regionibus in quibus non videtur They operate more efficaciously in such places where they are Vertical or where the chief Significator shall passe by their Zenith in the time of the Eclipse As also upon those men whose Nativities agreeth with the Eclipse that is to say upon them in whose Nativity or Revolution have the place of the Horoscope some
7. The next Sphere above the Orbe of Mars is Jupiter he finisheth his Revolution in 12 years 8. The highest of all the Planetary Spheres is the Sphere of Saturn who by reason of his great Remotion from the Earth and Center of the Universs compleats his Revolution but once in 30 years 9. And lastly Above the Sphere of Saturn is the Immense Orbe of the Firmament wherein all the fixed Stars are placed which compleateth its Revolution it 25920. years Having now spoken of the Coelestial Oeconomy of thâ— Planetarie Spheres even from the Center to the vasâ— Circumference I am drowned in a Sea of Admiration and Contemplation to behold and seriously consider with a Secret sacred delight the Proportion Scituation Magnitude Transcendant Glory and Luster Stupendious and Constant Order of the Visible Coelestial Hosts of Almighty God Cujus Centrum est ubique Circumferentia nullubi I can never behold and contemplate them sooner then my Heart and Soul is lifted above the Heavens by the ravishing sight of JEHOVAHS back parts which conducts me thither by Invisible Lines and Immortal Beams am led in to the most Holy Place where the KING in His Beauty the ANCIENT of DAYES sits upon His Throne attended by Infinit Millions of Saints and Angels whose Glory obscures the Visible Sun sounding everlasting Anthems to the Primum cus The first beginning and ultimate end of all Created Beings The Supreme UNITY of all Perfections I say when I consider these things my souls joy Initiats O my dear God comfort my soul and heart with thy Immortal Rayes and strengthen the understanding of thy servant with a Light of Glory that may enable me to bear thy Beatifical Visions For I am ravished in Contemplation of thy Glorious Works of Creation CHAP. IV. Of the Eclipses of the Sun and Moon AS there is no part of the Mathematicks so Noble and Excellent as Astronomy So there is no part of Astronomy so difficult as the Doctrine of the Eclipses especially when the Calculation of Solar Eclipses is limited and determined to a certain Longitude and Latitude in regard of the tedious Computation of the Moons Paralaxes in Longitude and Latitude upon which the Solar Eclipse principally depends This Peece of Learning is the very Superstructure and Punctilio of Astronomy and so rare is it to be found amongst men that not one of 20000. hath attain'd to it it is the very Crown and highest Pitch and may justly Challenge to it self the Soveraignty and Precedency of all Humane Learning whatsoever 'T is not only Speculative for the Ignorant â—â—d Contemplative for the Ingenious but also Predictive because it tells us as well what Eclipses is past as what 's to come In so much that an Astronomer is rather an Angel then a man and at least a Prophet in the Superlative Degree Is there any Art or Science under Heaven except Astronomy that can tell me Whether there will be any Eclipses of the Luminaries in March Anno Christi 1990. Or I might have said 5670 Presupposing the World shall continue so long Can either Philosophy Physick or Logick do ' t No it 's impossible and yet an Astronomer will resolve the Question within one quarter of an hour almost Ex tempore And is not this a rare Art and Worthy to be Encouraged but the blind World knows little the Sublimity of the Mathematicks And hence it is that they alwayes bewray their own Ignorance by proportioning their Encouragement accordingly But to return 1. Eclipses of the Luminaries are vulgarly accounted twofold viz. Solar and Lunar The Solar Eclipse is caused by the Interposition of the Moon between the Sun and the Earth whereby some particular Tract of the Earth is deprived of the Suns Light during the Eclipse at which time other places of the World have the full light of the Sun The Lunar Eclipse is caused by the Interposition of the Earth between the Sun and Moon so that the shaddow of the Earth falls directly upon the Moon and thence comes the obscurity 2. Eclipses of the Sun are alwayes happening at the Change of the Moon and Eclipses of the Moon happen at the full Moon 3. The Magnitude of every Eclipse depends upon the Propinquity of the Moon to the Ecliptick Dragons Head or Tail 4. When the new Moon is Central and falls exactly in either of the Nods the full Moon next preceeding and succeeding do alwayes passe without an Eclipse 5. When there be two Central new Moons the one before the Suns Apogaeon the other after there shall happen no full Moon Eclipse that year 6. When there are two full Moons in six Months space in or near the Ecliptick Line it usually falls out that there will be no Eclipses of the Sun that year or at leastwise they cannot be of any sensible Magnitude neither be visible in any part of the World but only near the Poles 7. Eclipses of the Moon are Universal appearing in all places where it's visible of a like Quantity and Duration differing only in Time according to the Meridian of the place 8. A Reduction for the difference of Meridians will give the time of the appearance of a Lunar Eclipse to any determinate place of the Earth 9. At the mean time of the full Moon if the midle Longitude of the Moon shall be different from the Dragons Head or Tail least then 15 deg 12 min. either according or contrary to the succession of Signs then that full Moon will be eclipsed but if more she will not 10. Eclipses of the Sun is different in every Climate so as the neither retain the same Time Quantity nor Duration in all places alike and therefore admits not of any Reduction 11. Eclipses of the Sun will only agree to that determinate place of the Earth for which they are calculated to a certain Longitude and Latitude because of the Moons Vicinity to the Earth and sudden changes of her Paralaxes in Longitude and Latitude 12. The Conical Shaddow of the Earth terminating in a Point in a Lunar Eclipse is augmented or diminished according to the Suns Propinquity to or Remotion from the Earth 13. At the mean time of a new Moon if the midle motion of the Moons Latitude shall be distant from the Dragons Head lesse then 20 deg 40 min. or from the Dragons Tail lesse then a 11 deg 22 min. then the Sun will be eclipsed of that Conjunction but if more he cannot Lastly Eclipses of the Luminaries forwarns this sinfull World of Drought Inundation of Waters Wars Plagues and Pestilences Famine and the Visisitude of all Sublunaries I have composed an Almanack for seven years to come initiating Anno Christi 1663. terminating 1669. Not a Transcript but a Calculation de novo for the Meridian of the most famous City of Glasgow Whither or no I have had great pains in its Calculation either in the Eclipses of the Luminaries or Monthly Lunations he only shall know that shall attempt to do the
I say if you would know from the Hierogliphical Characters of heaven whither the Infant will live past his Infancy then observe these few Aphorisms following 1. Erect a Coelestial Schem upon the estimative time given and correct the same by the Trutine of Herms as aforesaid and then observe 2. If there be an unfortunate Planet in the Ascendant vitiating the degree thereof or in Quartile or Opposition unto it 3. If Saturn or Mars be conjoyned in the Ascendant or if the light of the time be afflicted 4. The Lord of the Ascendant Combust Cadent or Retrograde 5. If all the Planets be Subteranean or if the Birth be upon a new or full Moon 6. The Moon in Conjunction Quartile or Opposition of Saturn or Mars in the 4th 6th 8th or 12th Houses 7. The Moon besieged between the bodies of Sol and Mars void of all helps from the Fortunes 8. The light of the time eclipsed at the moment of birth is a sure argument of a short life 9. If the birth be by day viz. between the Suns rising and his seting then have special regard to the Sun if by night to the Moon because he is Fons vitalis Potentiae Luna naturalis according to Ptolomy Cent. Aphoris 86. and according to the first Aphorism of Herms Trismegistus Sol Luna post Deum omnium viventium vita sunt they are the life of all living creatures And therefore if the Luminaries be strong or well dignified or in a good House of Heaven or in a favourable Aspect of Jupiter or Venus whither the native be born by day or by night 't is a sure argument that the childe then born may live long but if otherwise they deny long life 10. They who are born upon a full Moon dye by accesse or too great abundance of moisture and upon a new Moon for want of humidity or by reason of too much drynesse usually the most sickly small and weakest bodies are brought forth upon the change of the Moon 11. The Conjunction of many Planets in the Ascendant void of all Essential Dignities argueth a short life probatum est 12. The Lord of the Ascendant going to the Conjunction of the Lord of the 8. or if the Lord of the Ascendant be in the 8. or Lord of the 8. in the Ascendant the same 13. If the Luminaries separate from a fortune and apply to a Malevolent the Childe shall then be in great danger of death at what time that Luminary by a just measure of time comes either to the body or hath a course to that unhappy Aspect 14. If you should happen to perceive such an application as aforesaid and would know the time when the eminent danger will happen take and resolve the Ark of Direction into Time by allowing to every degree one year five dayes eight hours and so you will be easily enformed of the time c. These are the general testimonies of a short life if none of them happen in a nativity the childe may live until some eminent direction of the Sun Moon or Ascendant unto some Malevolent Promittor prove the cruel Atropos to cut in two the threed of life Fac ut experiar JEHOVA finem meum mensura dierum quid sit experiar quam durabilis sum CHAP. XIV Of the Year what it is and the quantity thereof A Year is the most principal ordinary common and usual part of time whereby not only the ages of men and other accidents of the world are measured but also the times of almost all our actions in the world their beginnings progresse durations and intervals are squared and reckoned thereby and albeit the saids space of time called years are variously accounted according to the custome of diverse Nations greater in some and lesser in others yet hath it or at least wise should have its principal dependance upon the true place and motion of the Sun by which the years are measured and therefore they are rightly divided into Astronomical and Political The Astronomical years are measured either according to the Periodical motion of the Sun or the Conjunction of the Moon with the Sun and therefore twofold viz. Solar or Lunar The Solar year is that space of time that the Sun by his proper motion is departing from some Radical or fixed Point of the Ecliptique to his return to the same again and this may be called either Tropical or Syderial The Tropical year is that space of time in which the Sun is departing from one of the Tropical Equinoctial or Solstitial Points and running through the whole Ecliptique returns to the same Point again The true length of this year according to the acurate Observations of Ancient and Modern Astronomers is 365 dayes 5 hours 49 min. 4 sec The Syderal or Starry year is that space of time wherein the Sun is departing from some fixed Star or determined Point of the 8 Sphere and returns to the same again the true Quantity whereof immutably is 365 dayes 6 hours 9 min. 21 seconds The Political or Civil years be such as are every where used for distinction of times wherein a respect is had to the motions of the Luminaries Conjunctly or Severally The year is usually called either Common or Bisextile the common year contains according to the constitution of Julius Caesar 365 dayes 6 hours which 6 hours make every fourth year Leap-year which contains 366 dayes it is called Bisextile of Bis and Sex twice six because the sixth Calends of March is twice repeated it is called Intercalar because of the day that is put in between and Leap-year because that by the addition of a day the fixed holy dayes c. do as it were leap one day further into the week then it was in the year preceeding CHAP. XV. Of the Judgement of the Weather from the Coelestial Bodies ALthough the knowledge of the Weather be a thing so common yet the true Key is exceeding difficult and therefore I have thought it necessary to write something thereof that the world may see and know that our Judgement of the Weather in our yearly Almanacks is not built upon a meer conjecture or bare guessing as Millions of ignorant men think but upon principles of reason and that reason ratified and confirmed by many hundreds if not thousands of years experiences and yet it 's but counted amongst ignorant Asses at best but guessings I charge my Readers for the future that they do not carp at that in my Book which they cannot imitate lest they attain to the honour of being branded for Ignorant Fools whose dimmer eyes are not able to penetrate the Astral Spheres c. I dave digressed a little but I shall presently wheel into the Road again and perform what I have promised with as much brevity and facility as I can 1. To the time of the Suns ingresse into Aries and to the Conjunctions or Oppositions of the Luminaries preceeding the same Erect Coelestial Schems then observe whether the place
ascension Likewise I add the ascensional difference to the right ascension and the aggregate 150 deg 2 min. 33 sec is the Moons oblique descension as was required CHAP. XXII To find the true time of the Suns rising and setting with the length of the day and night for any day of the Moneth assigned ALthough I could prescribe several Rules for the resolution of this Question yet I shall for your greater facility make choyce of that which I suppose to be most familiar and easie as by the Examples following will appear Enter the following Table with the 5 10 15 20 25 or 30 day of your Month finding your dayes aforesaid on the top and moneths on the margent and in the common Angle you will find by inspection the exact time of the Suns rising the said dayes and by the Rule of Proportion for any other intermediate day A Table shewing the exact time of the Suns rising every fifth day exactly calculated for the Latitude of 56. degrees 20. min. Names of the Months The dayes of each Moneth  5 day 10 day 15 day 20 day 25 day 30 day Ianuary 8 21 8 12 8 3 7 53 7 42 7 29 February 7 18 7 6 6 55 6 43 6 31  March 6 12 6 0 5 48 5 36 5 24 5 10 April 4 58 4 48 4 36 4 26 4 15 4 5 May 3 55 3 47 3 39 3 32 3 26 3 21 Iune 3 18 3 17 3 18 3 23 3 23 3 28 Iuly 3 35 3 42 3 50 3 59 4 9 4 19 August 4 32 4 42 4 54 5 5 5 17 5 28 September 5 42 5 54 6 3 6 17 6 29 6 41 October 6 52 7 4 7 16 7 27 7 38 7 49 November 8 1 8 11 8 20 8 27 8 34 8 39 December 8 42 8 43 8 42 8 40 8 36 8 31  Time of the Suns rising in hours and min. Example I desire to know the exact time of the Suns rising the 15 day of April I look in the Table for the 15 day and descends the saids Column untill I come against the Month given viz. April and I find 4. 36. viz. 4 hours 36. min. past the Suns rises the saids day In like manner the 15 day of May the Sun rises 39. min. past 3. in the morning The 15 of June 18 min. past 3 in the morning The 15 of July 50. min. past 3. in the morning c. But if you would know the time of the Suns rising for any other intermediate day take the difference and work by the Golden Rule and you shall find the proportiall part to be added Example I desire to know what time the Sun rises the 23 of August I look into the Table and I find that the Sun rises the 20 day at 5 min. past 5. and the 25 day 17 min. past 5. the difference is 12 min. Then I say if 5 dayes gives 12 min. What will 3. dayes give Ans 7. min. which added to 5 h. 5 min. the time of the Suns rising the 20 day the aggregate is 5 h. 12 min. for the exact time of the Suns rising the 23 of August as was required If you desire to know the time of the Suns setting substract the time of the Suns rising from 12 hours and the remainder will be the time of his setting Example I desire to know the time of the Suns setting the 15 day of July I find that he rises that day at  h. m. 3 hours 50 min. which known from 12 00 I substract the time of Sun rising the 15 of July 3 50 Rests the exact time of Sun seting the 15 of July 8 10 Lastly Having thus found the time of the Suns setting if you double the same you have the whole length of the day whose complement to 24 hours is the length of the night as in the Example preceeding  h. m. The Suns semidiurnal arch or time of 's seting 8. 10 which doubled gives the length of the day 16. 20 Whos 's Complement to 24. 00 Is the noctural arch or length of the night 7. 40 This is so plain that he which understands it not his ignorance out-weighs his wit as much as a Milston out-weighs a Feather and consequently incapable of Sublimer Arts and Sciences CHAP. XXIII To find the Golden-Numbers Epacts and age of the Moon for any year of God assign'd 1. TO find the Golden-Number add 1. to the number of years given the aggregate divide by 19. the remainder is the Golden Number required 2. To find the Epact multiply the Golden Number so found as aforesaid by 11 the Product divide by 30. the remainder is the Epact required Example Anno Christi 1698. I demand the Golden Number and Epact for the saids year To 1698. I add 1. the aggregate 1699. I divide by 19. rests by the quotient 8. for the Golden Number which multiplyed by a 11. the Product is 88. this divided by 30. the remainder besides the quotient is 28. and so much is the Epact of the saids year 1698. as was required 3. To know the age of the Moon at all times Find first the Epact for that year and unto it add the number of the dayes of the Month and the Moneths from March counting March for one and the aggregate if it be less then 30. is the age of the Moon required Example I demand the age of the Moon the 20 day of September 1664. first I find the Epact for that year either by the former Rule or by the Table following to be 12. to which I add 20. the day of the Moneth assign'd the sum is 32. to which I add the number of Moneths from March calling March one April two May three c. which is 7. the aggregate is 39. from which I deduct 29. rests 19. for the age of the Moon the 20 of September 1664. as was required The operation The day of the given Moneth 20 dayes The number of months from March 7 dayes The Epact of the year assign'd 12 dayes Aggregate 39 dayes The Common Lunar revolution subst 29 dayes Rests the age of the Moon required 19 dayes But because every one cannot Multiply and Divide that thereby they might find the Golden Numbers and Epacts and consequently the Age of the Moon I have therefore composed the following Table which by Inspection only will shew you all the Golden Numbers Epacts Sudayes Letters and Whitsundayes for 51 years to come beginning Anno 1662. ending Anno 1713. Years of Christ Gol. num Epact Sun lett Whitsunday 1662 10 20 e May 18 1663 11 1 d June 7 1664 12 12 cb May 29 1665 13 23 a May 14 1666 14 4 g June 3 1667 15 15 f May 26 1668 10 26 ed May 10 1669 17 7 c May 30 1670 18 18 b May 22 1671 19 29 a June 11 1672 1 11 gf May 26 1673 2 22 e May 18 1674 3 3 d June 7 1675 4 14 c May 23 1676 5 25 ba May 14
August May Octob. Jan. Year God Domi. Let. AG F 1688 1661 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1674 1675 D C E D 1662 1663 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1676 1677 BA G OB A 1664 1665 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1678 1679 F E G F 1666 1667 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1680 1681 DC B ED C 1668 1669 29 30 31 Â Â Â Â 1682 1683 A G B A 1670 1671 G F E D C B A 1684 1685 FE D GF E 1672 1673 S M T W T F S 1686 1687 C B Lastly to find the Moveable Feasts Seek the Change of the Moon in February for that year in which ye desire to know when any of the Moveable Feasts happens and not upon what day the Change falls for the next Tuesday is Shrove-Tuesday or vulgarly called Fastens Even but if the Change of the Moon happen on Tuesday then the next Tuesday succeeding is it The next Sunday is the first Sunday in Lent six Sundayes after is Easter day commonly called Pasch day and the seventh Sunday after that is Whitsunday This is so plain that it needs no Example CHAP. XXVI Of the description of the Quadrant and how to find the Altitude of the Sun Moon or Stars thereby Lastly If you divide each of these 18 into 5 the total will be 90 degrees Which you may sub-divide if quantity will give live numbred from the left hand towards the right marking it with 10 20 30 40 c. unto 90 after the usual manner As for the Square within ye shall draw from either side of your Quadrant a right Line cutting one another at right Angles at the midle of the Quadrant which is 45 degrees This Scale or Square you may divide into 12 60 100 or 1000 the more the better and more commodious equal parts all marked from the Center A. That side of the Square next the sights is called Vmbra recta or parts of right shaddow The other side is called Vmbra versa or points of contrary shaddow To this Quadrant as to all others of this kind in their use you must place two sights upon the Line A C with a Line and Plummet hanging up in the Center A and so your Quadrant is finished Now to find the Altitude of the Sun Moon or Stars thereby HOld up your Quadrant to the Sun the Threed and Plummet having their free course hanging in the Center A moving it up or down untill you see that both the sights have received the Sun Beams At which instant mark the fall of the Line and Plummet for it will cut upon the Limb of your Quadrant the degree and minut of the Suns Altitude at the time of your observation But if you desire in the night time to find the Altitude of the Planets or fixed Stars then set the Quadrant to your eye looking through both the sights untill you espy that Planet or Star whose Altitude you require which having found your Plummer hanging at liberty mark the fall thereof upon the Quadrants Limb and it will show you the Altitude of that Coelestial Body as you required CHAP. XXVII How to finde the Altitude of any Tower Castle or Steeple c. IF I should endeavour to instruct you by Precept and Example in every various Scituation and Demonstration that might be proposed for attaining the true heights of Towers Castles Steeples or Hills c. by the Quadrant I should exceed my intention in this place for it would require a peculiar Treatise by it self which I may happily publish if God continue my life And therefore I shall here in this Chapter only shew you how by your Quadrant with and without Calculation to know all heights accessible First by Calculation Lift up your Quadrant towards the Tower or Steeple whose Altitude you require untill you behold through both the sights the very Summity or Top which found mark well the Divisions or Points in your Square which the Threed and Plummet did fall on And if they be of right shaddow that is to say when the Threed and Plummet falls on that side of the Square which is next the sights Then say As the Parts out is to the whole Scale So is the length of the Base to the Altitude of the Tower And therefore multiply the distance from you to the Base by 12. the product divide by the parts cut by the fall of the Plummet the Quotient will show you the Altitude required But if the Threed fall upon the contrary shaddow then say As the whole Scale is to the parts cut So is the length of the Base to the Altitude required And therefore multiply the Base by the parts cut the product divide by the whole Scale and the Quotient is your desired Altitude above the Level of your Eye Example Suppose the Threed with the Plummet should happen to fall on 6 parts of contrary shaddow and the distance from your standing to the Base of the Tower be 120 foot I say As the whole Scale 12 is to the parts cut 6 So is the length of the Base 120 foot to the Altitude of the Tower 60 foot Thus multiplying the Base 120 by the parts cut 6 the product 720 divided by 12 the Quotient is just 60 and so many foot high is that Tower or Steeple above the Level of your Eye Secondly Without Calculation Because there may be some Ingenious Men that would know the Altitude of a place and yet hath no Arithmetick to Multiply and Divide therefore to satisfie such I give this Direction That if the Tower or Steeple c. be accessible then hold your Quadrant up towards it looking diligently through both the sights going backward or forward untill the Line of the Plummet fall on 45 degrees Which found Measure the distance between your standing and the Base for that is the just Altitude of the Tower above the Level of your Eye as you required CHAP. XXVIII How to find out the Latitude of a place or the Poles Elevation above the Horizon YOu must diligently attend with your Quadrant about noon to find the Suns Meridian Altitude which you may easily do by observing carefully a little before noon and a little after untill you perceive the Sun begin to fall again then marking what was his greatest Meridian Altitude reserve it till anone Then find the Suns declination according to the first Proposition of the 21 Chapter and consider whither it be North or South The declination of the Sun is North when the day is more then 12 hours long and South when it 's lesse then 12 hours long And therefore having found the Meridian Altitude and Declination of the Sun you may easily find the Latitude of the place after this manner If the Sun hath North Declination then substract his Declination out of his Meridian Altitude and the remainder will be the Altitude of the Equinoctial or complement of your Latitude But if the Sun hath South Declination then adde it
28 Chapter preceeding to show you both a Demonstration of and also by Examples how to Calculate the Paralaxis Altitudinis of the Planets for any time Assign'd And I am now come to perform what I there promised with as much brevity and facility as I can Which take as followeth In this Figure Z B A I H represents the Meridian K C G the Orbe of the Sun or any other Planet D the Center of the Earth E F the Superficies thereof Z the Zenith E I the Horizon C the place of the Sun or any other Planet in his Orbe The Line D C B represents the planets true place from the Center of the Earth in the Meridian at B. The Line E C A his apparent place as it appeareth from us at E. The Angle of the Paralax of Altitude is A C B which is equal to E C D. The Angle A E I is the Angle of the apparent Altitude of the Planet above the Horizon which in this Example we suppose to be 27 degr 40 min. whose Complement is Z E A 62 deg 20 min. Here you may see that the apparent Altitude of the Planets is lesse from the Superficies or place of Observation at E then from the Center of the Earth at D from which place the Planet in his Orb appears higher in the Meridian at B then he doth from E in the Meridian at A so that the Angle of the Planets Paralaxis Altitudinis is nothing else but the difference between the true and apparent Altitude in the Meridian or Circle of Altitude Here note that the nearer a Planet is to the Horizon and Center of the Earth the greater is the Paralax thereof And hence it is that the Moon because of her Vicinity to the Earth hath the greatest Paralax of all the other Planets And that 's a main reason why we have so few Solar Eclipses and those few have so little obscurity Because frequently her Southern Paralax exceeds her Northern Latitude the greatest Eclipses happening alwayes when they are equal and least when her Latitude is South c. These things being premised I come next to practice And for Illustration I shall add an Example of either of the Luminaries for to find their Paralaxis Altitudinis at any time Assign'd First an Example in the Sun Suppose the Altitude of the Sun to be by observation 27 deg 40 min. and his distance from the Earth by calculation 101798 parts I demand how much will his Paralax of Altitude then be To resolve this and all such like Questions I return to this annexed Diagram for Demonstrations sake where In the Triangle C D E we have known 1 E C the distance of the Sun from the Earth 101798. 2 E D the Semidiamiter of the Earth 68 1 2. 3 The Triangle C E D 117 d. 40 m. which bisected gives 58 deg 50 min. the half sum of the opposite Angles unknown Hence to find the Paralax of Altitude A C B. Say by this Analagy As the sum is to the difference so is the Tangent of the half sum of the opposite Angles unknown To the Tangent of an Arch whose difference is the Paralaxis Altitudinis required The Operation E C. 101798 0-0 E D. 68 1-2     Logarithm Sum of E C and E D. 101866 1-2  5 008244 Difference 101729 1-2  5 007658 So is the Tangent of   58 d. 50 m. 00 s 10 218369     15 226027 To the Tangent of   58. 47. 56. 10 217783 Whose difference 2. 4. is the Angle A C B or the Suns Paralax of Altitude as was required The second Example is of the Moon Suppose the Altitude of the Moon were found by Observation to be as before 27 deg 40 min. and her distance from the Earth by Calculation 3879. I demand what or how much will her Paralax of Altitude be at the time of the Observation In the Triangle C D E the Line C E represents the distance of the Moon from the Earth 3879. the sid◠E D and Triangle C D E being the same as before The Operation is as followeth E C 3879 0-0   E D 68 1-2   Sum of E C and E D 3957 1-2  3,596322 Difference 3810 1-2  3 580982 So is the Tangent of   58 d. 50 m. 00 s 10 218369     13 799351 To the Tangent of   57. 55. 47. 10 203029 Whose difference 54. 13. is the Angle A C B or Paralaxis Altitudinis of the Moon at the time of the Observation as was required CHAP. XXXII To find the Lord of the hour for any time assign'd FIrst find the time of the Suns rising for that day wherein you would know the Lord of the Hour according to the 24 Chapter Betwixt which and the Question propounded or assign'd Find the Intervall of hours and minuts which for your greater facility in operation you may reduce into minuts by multiplying your hours by 60. the product shall be your dividend Secondly Enter the Table following with your Month on the Margent and the 5 10 15 20 25 or 30 day on the top taking that day which is neerest and in the common angle you will find the length of the Planetary hour that day which is your Divisor by which you are to divide the dividend aforesaid the Quotient shal shew you how many Planets compleatly have ruled and the remainder if there be any is the Planet instantly ruling at the time of the Question propounded or assign'd Which to denominate consider the day of the week in which the Question is propounded And If the day be Sunday give the first hour to the Sun the 2 to Venus the 3 to Mercury the 4 to the Moon c. If the day be Munday give the first hour to the Moon the 2 to Saturn the 3 to Jupiter the 4 to Mars c. If the day be Tuesday give the first hour to Mars the 2. to the Sun the 3 to Venus the 4 to Mercury c. If the day be Wednesday give the first hour to Mercury the 2 to the Moon the 3 to Saturn the 4 to Jupiter c. If the day be Thursday give the first hour to Jupiter the 2 to Mars the 3 to the Sun the 4 to Venus c. If the day be Friday give the first hour to Venus the 2 to Mercury the 3 to the Moon the 4 to Saturn c. If the day be Saturnday give the first hour to Saturn the 2 to Jupiter the 3 to Mars the 4 to the Sun c. and so you wil easily find that Planet who is Lord of the hour at the time assign'd For illustration of the Premises I shall propound an Example with variety of operations that you may choose the easiest Example I demand what Planet rules the 5 of August the day of the week being Saturnday at 45. min. past 9 in the morning
According to the 24 Chapter I find that the Sun riseth the 5 of August at 32 min. past 4 in the morning Now because the Question is propounded in the fore-noon therefore I substract 4 h. 32 min. the time of the Suns rising from 9 h. 45 min. the time assign'd rests 5 h. 13 min. which is the intevall between the Suns rising and time of the Question propounded which I reduce into min by multiplying by 60 the product is 313 min. for the dividend Secondly in the Table following against the 5 of August I find that the length of the Planetary hour is 1 h. 15 min. or 75 min. by which I divide 313. the Quotient is 4 and 13 min. remaining that is 4 Planets have compleetly ruled and the 5 is ruling which to denominate the day of the Question being Saturnday I give the first hour to Saturn the 2 to Jupiter the 3 to Mars the 4 to the Sun and the 13 min. remaining to Venus Wherefore I conclude that Venus is Lady of the hour at the time of the Question propounded and hath ruled 13 min. of her time this is the first A most excellent Table of the length of the Planetary hours for the Latitude of 56 d. 20 m. Names of the Months 5 day 10 day 15 day 20 day 25 day 30 day  H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. January 0 36 0 37 0 39 0 41 0 43 0 45 February 0 47 0 49 0 51 0 53 0 55 0 March 0 58 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 April 1 10 1 12 1 14 1 16 1 18 1 20 May 1 21 1 22 1 23 1 25 1 26 June 1 27 1 27 1 27 1 26 1 26 1 25 July 1 24 1 23 1 22 1 20 1 18 1 16 August 1 15 1 13 1 11 1 9 1 7 1 5 September 1 3 0 1 0 59 0 57 0 55 0 53 October 0 51 1 49 0 47 0 45 0 43 0 42 November 0 40 0 38 0 37 0 35 0 34 0 34 December 0 33 0 33 0 33 0 33 0 34 0 35  Length of the Planetary hour in h. and m. Variety in operation the second is more brief by the Logarithmes thus  m. Logarith Interval between the Sun rising and time of the Question propounded reduced is 313 2. 495544 Length of the Planetary hour in min. 75 1. 875061 Rests the number of Planets that have ruled compleet viz. 4. 4. 0. 620483 The third last and easiest of all is this operation following the day of the week being Saturnday Saturn begins to rule  h. m.  At the Suns rising viz. 4. 32.  And continues to rule 1. 15 length Planetary h. Untill 5 47 sum Then Jupiter begins 1 15 add And rules till 7 02 sum Then Mars begins 1 15 add and rules till 8 17 sum Then Sol begins 1 15 add and rules till 9 32 at which time Venus begins to rule This is the most easie way of all others for it requires neither Multiplication nor Division but performed only by a continual addition of the length of the Planetary hour to the time of the Suns rising untill you come to the time propounded c. CHAP. XXXIII Shewing what Moon makes full Sea in most Sea-Port Towns in Scotland England and Ireland c. 1. A South or North Moon makes full sea at Queenborough Southampton Ports-mouth Isle of Wight Beachy the Spilts Kentish-knock half tide at Dunkirk 2. A South by west or North by east Moon makes full sea at Aberdeen Rochester Malden Redban and west end of the Black-tail 3. A South southwest or North northeast Moon at Graves-end Downs Rumney Tenet Silly half tide Blacknesse Ramkins Fernhead Leith 4. A Southwest by south or Northeast by north Moon at Dundee St. Andrews Lisbane St. Lucas Bell Isle Holy-Isle 5. A Southwest or Northeast Moon at London Tinmouth Hartlepole Whitby Amsterdam Gasconygne Galizia 6. A Southwest by west or Northeast by east Moon at Berwick Flamboroughhead Burlington-bay Ostend Flushing Burdeaux Fountnesse 7. When the Moon is W. S. W or E. N. E. it 's full Sea at Scarburgh quarter tide Lawrens Mountis-bay Seaverin Kingsail Cork Haven Baltamore Dungarrin Callis Creek Blay seven Isles 8. A W. by S. or E. by N. Moon at Falmouth Foy Humber Merles Newcastle Dartmouth Forby Coldby Gernsey St. Mallowes Arbroth Lisard 9. An E. or W. Moon makes full sea at Plymouth Waymouth Hull Lin Lundy Antwerp Holines of Bristol Davids head Concalo 10. An E. by S. or W. by N. Moon at Bristol and at Foulnesse at the Start 11. An E. S. E. or W. N. W. Moon at Milford Bridge Water Ex-water Lands-end Waterford Cupcleer Aberwarick Texel 12. A S. E. by W. or N. W. by W. Moon at Portland Peterport Harflew Hague St. Magnes sound Dublin Lambay Macknels Castle 13. A S. E. or N. W. Moon at Pool St. Helens Isle of Man Catnesse Orkney Fair Isles Dumbar Kildren the Basse Isle the Casquers deep half tide 14. A S. W. by S. or N. W. by N. Moon at Needles Exford Laysto South and North Foreland 15. A S.S.E. or N. N. W. Moon at Yarmouth Dover Harwich Firth Bullein St. Johns deluce Calis Road. 16. A S. by E. or N. by W. Moon at Rye Winchley Gorend Thames Roads I have here added a peculiar tide Table for the honourable Cities of Aberdeen and Dundee the Town of Lieth and Dumbar For which places you have no more ado but enter the Table with the Age of the Moon and against the respective places you may know for ever when it will be full sea in any of them as by one example I shall demonstrate Moons Age increas days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 decres days 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Aberdeen H. 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 M. 33 21 9 57 45 33 21 9 57 45 33 11 9 57 45 Dundie and S. Andrews H. 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 1 2 M. 3 51 39 27 15 3 51 39 27 15 3 51 39 27 15 Leith H. 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 1 M. 20 8 56 44 32 20 8 56 44 32 10 8 56 44 32 Dumbar H. 9 10 11 12 1 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 M. 48 36 24 12 0 48 36 24 12 0 48 36 24 12 12 I demand the time of full sea at Leith the 20 day of February 1662. the said day the Moons Age is 12. With which I enter the Table and finding 12 the Moons Age on the top of the Table I descend the Column until I come against Leith and I find a 11. 8. viz. a 11 h. 8 m. in the forenoon it 's full sea at Leith the 20 of February 1662. as was required In like manner the Moon being 12 days old it will be
First When two Planets both direct and in motion and the one a more light and swifter Planet then the other do apply As Mercurius in 10 deg of Aries and Saturn in 10 deg of Gemini here Mercury being more swift then Saturn is said to apply to a Sextile of him Secondly When both Planets is Retrograde Thirdly when one Planet is direct in motion and the other Retrograde as Mercury Retrograde in 10 deg of Aries and Saturn direct in 15 deg of Aries Mercury is â—aid to apply to the Conjunction of Saturn by Retrograâ—ation Here note that the Superiour Planets Saturn Jupiâ—er and Mars never apply unlesse Retrograde to the Inferiours but just as it is amongst men the Inferiours alwayes apply unto the Superiours This Coelestial Oeconomy demonstrates the infinit love of God towards us who being Superiorum Altissimus should apply himself to us his sinful creatures even when we run Retrograde O wonderful love 3. Separation of Planets is when two Planets having been united by Body or Aspect and are separated or departed from each other six minuts at least continuing their separations untill they be past the mediety of others Orbs. 4. Prohibition of Planets is twofold First When two Planets are applying to each other but before they can come to eithers Body or Aspect behold another Planet swifter in motion interposes his Rayes and so prohibits their Application Secondly When a lighter Planet is applying to another Planet more ponderous and before he comes to his Body or Aspect falls Retrograde and so is prevented by that Planets refrenation 5. Translation of light and nature is when a light Planet shall separate from a more weighty one and immediatly shall be joyned to a more ponderous one 6. Reception of Planets is when they are mutually in others Houses Exaltations Triplicities Terms or Faces 7. Peregrime a Planet is said to be Peregrine when he is out of all his essential dignities 8. Frustration is when a light Planet would joyn with another more ponderous but before he can come to the Conjunction of him the ponderous Planet is joyned to another whereby the Conjunction of the first with him is frustrated 9. Combustion is when a Planet is within 8 degrees 30 minuts of the Suns Body here note that a Planet is more afflicted when he is applying to then separating from combustion 10. Cazimini Planets are said to be in Cazimini or Cordisolis heart of the Sun until they be separated 17 min. from his Body all Planets in Cazimini are exceedingly fortified 11. Direction Planets are said to be direct in motion when they move a regular progresse in the Sign they are in as out of one degree into another and from that to the third c. 12. Retrogradation is when Planets move contrary to their wonted order and succession and goes backward as out of the eight degree into the seventh and so to the sixth c. 13. Planets are said to be Stationary when they move not at all but stands still in the Heavens 14. Planets are said to be Oriental when they rise before the Sun Occidental when they set after the Sun 15. Besieging is when a Planet is between the Bodies of two other Planets if the Besiegers be benevolents its good otherwise it s almost as bad as Combustion 16. Planets are said to be void of Cause when they are separated from a Planet and do not apply unto nor meet with the Body or Aspect of another during the time they be and remain in the Sign wherein they are posited This accident happens most frequently to the Moon by reason of her first motion this much shall serve for the Terms of Art and their Explanations that every Young Beginner ought to be acquainted with CHAP. III. Of the Systemn of the World and Motion of the Earth THe World containing all the Visible Creation is the order and distribution of all things kept and preserved of God and is vulgarly divided into two parts viz. Heaven and Earth of which this Excellent Structure is composed The Center of which Fabrick is held to be the Sun but their hath been much controversie amongst the most eminent Mathematicians concerning the Scituation and Motion of the Sun and the Earth Copernicus and some of the Ancients before and since Christ held the Sun to be immovably fixed in the Center of the Universs and that it was the Earth only that moved Others again denied affirming that the Sun moves only and that the Earth stands still Both produce their Reasons and Demonstrations to prove it The Judgement of Divines is unanimous viz. that the Earth is immovably fixed and that its the Sun that moves But although the Judgement of Divines concur in it yet I am not altogether of their Opinion that saith it is immoveably fixed in the Center For the equal or unequal distribution of the Universal Anima Mundi alloweth it to have a Life and consequently Motion which is the property of Life and therefore it must be granted that either their's no such thing as the Universal Anima Mundi or else if there be that the Earth is exempt of it and so lifelesse to affirm either of which is prodigiously absurd and ridiculous and contrary to the Judgement of the soundest Divines Philosophers and Mathematicians But whether the Earths Motion be Central Circular or Equilibral their 's the Question let them whet their Wits upon it and they will be the sharper As for me I shall satisfie my particular friends concerning the Motion thereof for I am confident it hath a Motion though insensible by reason of the dis-proportion which our visual senses have to its vast Magnitude and the World in general in the next Edition But I shall now return to give you an account of the several Spheres of Heaven in their various Situations and Motions according to the Opinion Demonstration and acurate Observations of that Noble Danish Lord Tycho Brahe 1. That the Earth is the Center of the World equidistant in all places from the vast Circumference of the fixed Stars 2. About the Earth is the Sphere of the Moon which by reason of its Propinquity and Parvity of her Orbe She compleateth her Periodical Revolution in a Month. 3. The Sun is the Center of the Planetary Systemn so that all the Planets respect Him as their common Node and Center He compleateth His Course through the twelve Signs of the Zodiack in a year 4. The nearest Planet to the Sun is the Orbe of Mercury which by reason of the Parvity of his Circle and Vicinity to the Sun his greatest Elongation not exceeding 28 degrees therefore he is rarely seen he finisheth his Revolution in 88 dayes 5. In the next Sphere moves Venus who accomplisheth her Revolution through the 12 Signs of the Zodiack in 225 dayes 6. The next Sphere above the Orbe of the Sun is the Orbe of Mars which Intersects the Suns Orbe twice he compleateth his Revolution once in two years
and the Moon in Conjunction Quartile or Opposition alters the quality of the air according to the signs they possesse but generally a temperate season 14. Mars and the Sun in Conjunction Quartile or Opposition in fiery signs portends heat and drynesse In the watry hail thunders and lightning in the airy clouds and in the earthly violent winds c. 15. Mars and Venus in Conjunction Quartile or Opposition in or from moyst signs argueth abundance of if not too much rain especially in Spring and Autumn In Summer showres in Winter remission of cold and snow if Saturn behold them 16. Mars and Mercurius in Conjunction Quartile or Opposition in Winter and Spring argueth snow in Summer hail and thunder in Autumn great winds in fiery and dry signs excessive drowth and winds 17. Mars and the Moon in Conjunction Quartile or Opposition in moist signs rain in fiery drynesse red clouds and sometimes rain in Summer hail lightning and coruscations 18. The Sun and Venus in Conjunction commonly produceth moisture in Spring and Autumn rain in Summer showres and thunder 19. The Sun and Mercury in Conjunction in the airy signs produce winds in the watry rains in the fiery warm winds 20. The Sun and the Moon in Conjunction Quartile or Opposition in moist signs portends rain in fiery fair weather but generally it alters the air according to the nature of the season and ruling Planet 21. When the Sun shall enter the 18 degree of Scorpio if Venus be then in a moist place it 's a sign of rain 22. In Winter if Venus be direct and Oriental it signifies but little rain at the beginning but more at the end 23. When Venus applieth to Mars in Scorpio it brings rain immediatly 24. When the Sun and the Moon Venus and Mercury shall be all conjoyned together it argueth continuall showres that day 25. At the time of the Conjunction or Opposition of the Luminaries if Venus shall be in an Angle it 's a certain sign of rain 26. The Lord of the Ascendant in Conjunction or Opposition of the Luminaries a moist sign produceth rain 27. When the Moon shall come to the sign ascending of her Quartile Conjunction or Opposition the time shall be changed according to the quality and nature of the sign and Asterism 28. A special regard must be had to the nature of the earth and air you live in or write for I mean peculiar to your Horizon because that in all places they are not of alike nature neither do the winds blow alike in all Horizons some being Tropical and peculiar to one place others Chronical which come at a certain time of the year c. CHAP. XVII Vulgar Observations of the changes of the Weather IN the preceeding Chapters I have given you the choicest Aphorisms for giving judgement upon the weather and I am confident that he which understands them which I fear will not be many may not only give a probable conjecture of the weather for one but many years to come But because the preceeding Aphorisms may happen to some to be of difficult understanding to the illiterate I shall therefore shew even the most rural how to foretell the changes of the weather if he have but the eyes of sense and understanding in his head and for his greater facility I shall Marshal the method in these seven Devisions 1. Signs of fair weather 2. Signs of rain 3. Signs of wind 4. Signs of hot weather 5. Signs of drought 6. Signs of cold weather 7. Sings of frosts continuance This is the method now to the matter 1. Signs of fair weather 1. The Sun rising and setting clear 2. The Moon clear three dayes after the Change or before the Full 3. Spots appearing in a Full Moon 4. Clouds with golden edges towards Sun setting 5. A cloudy sky clearing against the wind 6. The Rain bow appearing only Red and Yellow 7. A Red Evening or a Gray Morning 2. Signs of rain 1. When the Sun in his rising is hidden with a black cloud 2. When the Moon within three or four days after the Change is blunt on both horns 3. The Rainbow appearing in a fair day the greener the more rain 4. The extraordinary chattering of the Pyets 5. Cattell licking their hoofs behind 6. When the greatest Stars only appear and that misty 7. Lute or Viol-strings breaking untouched 3. Signs of wind 1. Red clouds in a morning 2. Often shooting of Stars 3. Clouds flying swiftly in a clear air 4. The Rain-bow red 5. Black circles with red strakes about the Sun or Moon 6. Stars dimn and fiery it 's a sign of winde and showres when the Sun beams appear before he riseth 7. If the Sun sets pale or be enclosed with a black circle when he is near the time of his setting 4. Signs of hot weather 1. Many Bats flying abroad sooner then ordinary 2. A white mist rising out of Moores and Waters before the Sun rise 3. The Kyts or Gleds flying high in the air 4. Crowes or Ravens gaping against the Sun 5. Great store of Flyes and Midges playing in the Sun-shine towards night 5. Signs of drought Stars seeming dimn or fiery red signifies both drought and wind Signs of cold weather As frost snow or hail 1. Clouds flying low seeming to touch the tops of hills 2. Great flocks of small Birds gathered together 3. If in the Winter the Sun shine clear towards night 4. The extraordinary twinkling of the Stars 5. Clouds upon heaps like Rocks 6. An obscure circle about the Sun or Moon 7. Signs of frosts continuance Snow falling small in the beginning of a frost but if the snow fall bigg viz. in great flakes then it 's like to thaw very suddenly especially if the Southwind blow CHAP. XVIII Of the Winds their Names and Natures DAyly experience sheweth that the disposition of the Air is much varied by the Scituation of Winds for according to their different beaâ—ing is the Season much inclined sometime to Wind Rain and Snow and sometime to fair weather The wind it self is nothing else but an exhalation or earthly humor passing over the Superficies of the Earth or it is an Elisian or drawing forth of the Air out of a cold Region The four principal or Cardinal Winds which comes from the four Angles of the World are called the East West North and South the Latins calls them Septentrio Auster Favonius and Subsolanus Septentrio the North wind is cold and dry is very wholsome bringing serenity preservating all things from corruption albeit it be hurtful and pernicious to Flowers young and tender Plants by reason of its excessive coldnesse Auster the South wind is warm and moist sultry hurtfull and dangerous hurts the sight stuffes the head makes men slothfull engenders Diseases putrid Feavers Plurisies Inflamations of the Lungs and when this wind produceth serenity it 's with great heat Favonius the West wind called Zephyrus is moist and watry begetting Rain and Thunder but
in Summer fair weather in Winter and Spring Snow or Rain Subsolanus eurus the East wind is temperatly dry it produceth Rhumes and cold Dewes it bloweth most commonly at the Suns rising and for the most part little in the night time These four are called Venti principalles the chief winds the intermediate winds between these be North-east South-east South-west North-west The North-east wind is for the most part cold and dry ingendring clouds and somtimes Snow The South-east wind is weak moist and producer of clouds and obscure air The South-west wind is of a hurtfull quality sickly moist producing clouds and rain The North-west wind is most tonitruous tempestuous violent and hasty causing a turbulent air The Laterall winds are in number eight viz. East north-east North north-east North north-west West south-west South south-west South south-east West north-west East south-east The Colaterall winds are in number sixteen viz. 1. East by North. 2. North-east by East 3. North by East 4. Northeast by North. 5. North by West 6. Northwest by North. 7. West by North. 8. Northwest by West 9. Southwest by West 10. West by South 11. Southwest by South 12. South by West 13. South by East 14. Southeast by South 15. Southeast by East 16. East by South Thus having demonstrated briefly the Names and Natures of the Winds I shall in the next Chapter shew you CHAP. XIX How to Prognosticate what winds will blow THat this may be known for 't is not only possible but also probable be pleased to take notice of these few particulars following In the Figure of the Suns ingresse into any of the Cardinal Signs or Conjunction or Opposition of the Luminaries preceeding and succeeding or any Monthly Lunations observe carefully what Planet is predominant in the Figure his position and mutual aspect if he hes any which known do so much but as to take notice what Winds or Quarters of Heaven that Planet or Planets signifie together with the sign he is posited in that you may not be mistaken herein before I go further I will here show you the principal Quarters of Heaven which the Planets signifie by which you may at all times be enabled to give a more then probable conjecture which way the wind will blow For Saturn is mover of the Eastern winds Jupiter of the Northern Mars of the West and Southern Venus of the Southern Mercury according to the nature of that or those Planets he is joyned with or aspected to the Luminaries are movers of the Western winds c. The quality of the winds and their bearing is also known from Planets positions in the Figure for those Planets with Latitude and South Declination from the Medium Coeli moves the Southern winds to blow from the Imum Coeli with Latitude and Northern Declination the North winds The Oriental Planets move the Eastern winds and the Ocidental the Western wind and when they be weak they cause the intermediate winds to blow Likewise the Scituation and Quality of the winds is found from the Latitude of the Moon as she inclines to the North or South The Signs do also demonstrate the winds as well as the Planets although the magnitude of their significations be lesse then the Planets for they draw down their vertues and transmits it to the Earth Aries Leo and Sagitary excite the North-west winds Taurus Virgo and Capricorny the South-east Gemini Libra and Aquary the North-east Cancer Scorpio and Pisces the South-west We may in some measure Prognosticate the quality of the winds for if Mercurius apply to Saturn it produceth great winds clouds and rain if to Jupiter sweet winds if to Mars warm winds if to the Sun warm and hurtfull winds if to Venus winds and so I conclude this Chapter CHAP. XX. Of Earth-quakes Thunders Lightnings Comets c. their naturall causes and significations 1. Of the Rain-bow THe Rain-bow is the shining and rebounding of beams of light which turn to the contrary vapour again in the cloud which is opposite to the Sun and so according to the diversity of the thinnesse of that cloud do the beams appear red above yellow in the midle and green in the lower parts but in themselves all this while they have no real colour that is a true colour Here note that the neerer the Sun is to the Horizon the greater is the Rain-bow The effects of the Rain-bow If the Rain-bow appear or be visible in the morning it signifies moisture unlesse great drought of the air work the contrary if in the evening fair weather Moreover if the Rain-bow appear fair it betokens foul weather but if it appear foul look for fair weather the greener the more rain the reder the more wind 2. Of Rain Rain is a cold vapour and earthly humour or fumosities out of water attracted by the clouds I omit to speak of prodigious and miraculous rains as Milk Blood Flesh c. They who desire to read suck like see Plinius lib. 2. cap. 58. 3. Of Frost and Dew It is a cold moist vapour drawn up in the day by the faint heat of the Sun and descends again in the night where it is either congealed as in Winter or resolved into water as in Summer Frost in the Spring or Harvest is a sign of fair weather 4. Of Snow Snow is a moist vapour drawn up to the midle Region of the Air then thickened and frozen into the body of a Cloud and so congealed descendeth into Fleeces 5. Of Haill Haill is a Cloud resolved into water congeals in its descension the higher it comes and the longer it tarrieth in the Air the rounder is the Haill 6. Of Winds Winds is a multitude of dry exhalations drawn up from the earth enforcing it self here and there 7. Of Earth-quakes Plenty of Winds entered into Holes or Caves of the Earth which being absent from above the Earth causeth quietnesse at last their violent bursting out the earth sudden by closing again causeth the Earthquake 8. Tokens of Earth-quakes to come A fiery clould appearing in the Element like a little Pillar The obscurity and darknesse of the Sun without Clouds and strangely coloured as bloody c. is a token of Earthquakes to come Also when deep Well waters are seen to tremble at the bottome or if the waters there be infected Also a great quietnesse by Sea and Land and especially long absence of Winds Moreover strange sights and apparitions in the Air or the noise and clamours as it were of men in the Clouds rushings of Harnesse Mournings and Lamentations c. 9. Of Thunders Thunder is the quenching of fire in a cloud or a hot and dry exhalation mixed with moisture carried up to the midle Region and wrapping it self in a cloud which is moist there ariseth a strife the heat beating and with a mighty violence breaketh the sides of the cloud with a thundering noise the fire disperses and flashes thence comes the lightning The signification of Thunder 10.
1677 6 6 g June 3 1678 7 17 f May 19 1679 8 28 e June 8 1680 9 9 dc May 30 1681 10 20 b May 22 1682 11 1 a June 4 1683 12 12 g May 27 1684 13 23 fe May 18 1685 14 4 d June 7 1686 15 15 c May 23 1687 16 26 b May 15 1688 17 7 ag June 3 1689 18 18 f May 19 1690 19 24 e June 8 1691 1 11 d May 31 1692 2 22 cb May 15 1693 3 3 a June 4 1694 4 14 g May 27 1695 5 25 f May 12 1696 6 6 ed May 31 1697 7 17 c May 23 1698 8 28 b June 12 1699 9 9 a May 28 1700 10 20 gf May 19 1701 11 1 e June 8 1702 12 12 d May 24 1703 13 23 c May 16 1704 14 4 ba June 4 1705 15 15 g May 27 1706 16 26 f May 12 1707 17 7 e June 1 1708 18 18 dc May 23 1709 19 29 b◠June 12 1710 1 11 a May 28 1711 2 22 g May 20 1712 3 3 fe June 8 1713 4 14 d May 24 The use of this Table is this find the year of God in the Table and over against it you have 1 the Golden Number 2. The Epact 3. The Sunday Letter And 4. the Month and Day when Whitsunday falls I shall Illustrate it by an Example or two Suppose the year of Christ given were 1665. against 1665. In the Table I find 1. 13 for the Golden Number 2. 23 for the Epact 3. A for the Sunday Letter And 4. May the 14 for Whitsunday In like manner if the years assigned were 1698. the Golden Number is 8. the Epast is 28. the Sunday Letter B. and Whitsunday falls that year on the 12 of June c. More Examples were superfluous Here note that where you find two Dominical Letters it signifieth that year is Leap-year and therefore you are to take the first of them for January and February and the second Letter for all the year after CHAP. XXIV To find the time of the Moons rising and setting and how long She shines BY the true places of the Luminaries find their oblique Ascensions according to the 21 Chapter Proposition 11. Which being known substract the oblique Ascension of the Sun from the oblique Ascension of the Moon and the Arch remaining converted into time and added to the time of the Suns rising the Aggregate will be the exact time of the Moon or Stars rising as was required But because every one who peruseth this Book cannot understand this direction nor properly apply the same to practice I shall therefore make choise of that way which I know to be most familiar and easie for the benefit of all men Wherefore First find the Age of the Moon according to the preceeding Chapter with which enter the following Table and ye shall find against it the hours and minuts of the Moons shining which is to be added to the time of the Suns rising if the Moon be encreasing in light But to be substracted if she be decreasing c. and so the Sum or difference will be the time of the Moons rising Example I demand what time the Moon rises the 5 of January 1662 the saids day the Moon is 25 dayes old according to my Mercurius Coelicus pag. 15. lately emited for the year 1662. with which I enter the following Table and I find that the Moon shines 4. h. 00 m. then I look in the 22 Chapter what time the Sun rises the 5. of January which I find at 8 h. 21 m. Now because the Moon is decreasing in light therefore I substract 4 h. 00 m. the time that the Moon shineth from 8 h. 21 m. the time of the Suns rising rests 4 h. 21 m. hence I conclude that the Moon rises 21 min. 4. in the morning the 5 of January 1662. Moons Age encreasing The time that the Moon shineth Moons Age decreasing  H. M.  1 0 48 29 2 1 36 28 3 2 24 27 4 3 10 26 5 4 0 25 6 4 48 24 7 5 36 23 8 6 24 22 9 7 10 21 10 8 0 20 11 8 48 19 12 9 36 18 13 10 24 17 14 11 10 16 15 12 0 15 I shall add another example for practice The 14 day of February 1662. the Moon is 6 dayes old with which I enter this annexed Table and I find that the Moon shineth 4 h. 48 min. Then I look for the time of the Suns rising the 14 day of February which I find by making proportion at 6 h. 57 m. And because the Moon is encreasing in light therefore I adde 4 h. 48 min. to 6 h. 57 min. The Sum is a 11 h. 45 min. Wherefore I conclude that the Moon riseth the 14 day of February 1662. at 45 m. past a 11 in the forenoon that is 15 m. Ante meridiem If you be desirous to know the time of the Moons setting Then to the time of the Suns setting add the time of her shining if she be encreasing Or substract the same if she be decreasing to or from the time of the Suns setting and the sum or difference will be the time of her setting this is so plain that an example were superfluous CHAP. XXV To find the Dominical Letters and dayes of the Week that begins every Moneth and Moveable Feasts for ever TO find the Dominical Letters for ever I have insert the following Table Upon each side whereof ye have first the Dominical Letters And secondly the years of God respectively which Inchoats at 1661. and continues till 1688. Where you are to note that 1688. begins another new Period of years so that you are to place if need be 1689. in stead of 1661. and 1690. in place of 1662. c. The use of this Table is to find the Dominical Letters and dayes of the Week that begins every Moneth and consequently what day of the Week any day of the Moneth happens upon As for Example in the year 1667. I find that the Dominical Letter is F. This Dominical Letter F I find likewise amongst the lower Dominical Letters at the bottome of the Table and under it is M for Munday Wherefore I conclude that the first Munday of Aprile or July falls upon the first day the second Munday upon the 8 day c. So after this manner may be found the time that every Munday falls through the Moneths As also the dayes of the Week that any day of the Moneth happens on by observing the dayes under the respective Moneths through the year I told you before that wherever you find two Dominical Letters it is Leap year and that you are to take the first of them for January and February and the next for all the year after As for Example the year 1680. D directs you to Wednesday for the Months of January and February and C to Thursday for all the year after Dom. Let. Year God July April Sept. Dece June mar feb no.
full sea at Aberdeen at 10 h. at 11 m. past At Dundie or St. Andrews at 11 h. 51 m. and at Dumbar at 6 h. 36 min. FINIS POSTSCRIPT REader An urgent businesse into the West occasioned my Remotion from the Presse which did exceedingly Impede my necessary Attendance thereon Neverthelesse at my Return I diligently examined the Printed Sheets and I cannot but highly commend the Diligence and Circumspection of the Printers who not being acquainted with this kind of Learning and which is more not having my Attendance for Correction of the Erratas yet have sufficiently acquitted themselves However if thou in thy perusal meet with any faults whither Literal Sylabical Dictional or Sententional for it 's impossible considering the Premises to evade some or all of these especially in a work of this nature c. I request thy courtesie to amend it with thy Pen omitting all censorious Imputations In the several Propositions of Astronomy I confesse I should have been somewhat more plain in giving you the practical operations by the Sines and Tangents as I did there several Analogy's But presupposing the ingenious to understand the latter he cannot but with small pains overcome the former Besides it would have exceeded my limits in this place to have illustrated the whole Propositions in Astronomy by Precept and Example but I should not have been so brief could I possibly have procured more time which by no means would be granted And therefore I reserve these untill a more convenient opportunity Farewell Die veneris 18 Apr. 4 h. 30 m. A. M. 1662. Soli DEO Gloria THE CONTENTS CHAPTER I. OF the Names and Natures of the Signs Planets and Aspects Pag. 1 Chap. 2. Of several Terms of Art necessary for all Students to understand p. 3 Chap. 3. Of the Systemn of the World and Motion of the Earth p. 5 Chap. 4. Of the Eclipses of the Sun and Moon p. 8 Chap. 5. To find how long the Effects of an Eclipse continues and when they begin and end p. 13 Chap 6. The Names of the Regions Cities and Towns subject to the Signs and Planets p. 15 Chap. 7. To Prognosticate the Naturall Portents of Eclipses p. 17 Chap. 8. To find the Lords of the Year and four Quarters thereof p. 19 Chap. 9. Of the signification of the twelve Coelestial Houses p. 20 Chap. 10. Of the Distances Magnitudes and Colours of the seven Planets p. 22 Chap. 11. Of the Trees Herbs and Plants under the government of the seven Planets p. 28 Chap. 12. Of the particular Diseases which the Planets signifie p. 31 Chap. 13. Shewing how to rectifie a Nativity by the trutine of Herms p. 32 Chap. 14. Of the Year what it is and the quantity thereof p. 38 Chap. 15. Of the Judgement of the Weather from the Coelestial Bodies p. 39 Chap. 16. How to Prognosticate more particularly of the Weather by the Planets mutual Aspects p. 42 Chap. 17. Vulgar Observations of the changes of the Weather p. 45 Chap. 18. Of the Winds their Names and Natures p. 47 Chap. 19. How to Prognosticate what Winds will blow p. 49 Chap. 20. Of Earthquakes Thunders Lightnings Comets c. their natural causes and significations p. 50 Chap. 21. Containing severall Propositions in Astronomy p. 53 Chap. 22. To find the true time of the Suns rising and setting with the length of the day and night for any day of the Month assign'd p. 56 Chap. 23. To find the Golden Numbers Epacts and age of the Moon for any year of God assign'd p. 59 Chap. 24. To find the time of the Moons rising and setting and how long She shines p. 61 Chap. 25. To find the Dominical Letters and dayes of the Week that begins every Month and Moveable Feasts for ever p. 63 Chap. 26. Of the description of the Quadrant and how to find the Altitude of the Sun Moon or Stars thereby p. 65 Chap. 27. How to find the Altitude of any Tower Castle or Steeple c. p. 67 Chap. 28. How to find out the Latitude of a place or the Poles Elevation above the Horizon p 68 Chap. 29. So find the Diameter Circumference Solidiâ—â— and Superficies of any Sphere or Globe p. 7â— Chap. 30. How to find the weight of a Globe or Ball of Mettall or Stone without weighing them in Ballances p. 71 Chap. 31. Of the Planets Paralaxis Altitudinis and how to calculate the same at all times p. 73 Chap. 32. To find the Lord of the hour for any timâ— assign'd p. 76 Chap. 33. Shewing what Moon makes full sea in most Sea-Port Towns in Scotland England and Ireland p. 7â— FINIS