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the_o twelve_o chief_a constellation_n otherwise_o call_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n or_o the_o twelve_o house_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v as_o follow_v with_o their_o several_a figure_n so_o much_o use_v by_o astrologer_n viz._n aries_n ♈_o taurus_n ♉_o gemini_fw-la ♊_o cancer_n ♋_o leo_n ♌_o virgo_fw-la â™_o libra_n ♎_o scorpio_n â™_o sagittarius_fw-la â™_o capricornus_fw-la ♑_o aquarius_n â™’_o pisces_fw-la ♓_o i_o shall_v pass_v by_o the_o other_o constellation_n both_o for_o brevity_n sake_n and_o because_o they_o be_v of_o less_o use_n phil._n but_o what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o large_a whitish_a and_o bright_a tract_n of_o the_o sky_n so_o observable_a in_o a_o clear_a night_n sophr._n i_o suppose_v you_o mean_v that_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o latin_n via_fw-la lactea_fw-la and_o we_o from_o thence_o the_o milky_a way_n it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o little_a star_n gather_v together_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o sky_n which_o give_v but_o a_o confuse_a light_n and_o be_v not_o discernible_a to_o the_o eye_n but_o with_o a_o prospective-glass_n phil._n but_o how_o come_v it_o sophronius_n that_o in_o a_o clear_a winter-night_n we_o see_v in_o and_o about_o the_o constellation_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o lesser_a star_n which_o be_v hardly_o see_v at_o all_o in_o summer_n time_n sophr._n because_o in_o winter_n time_n the_o night_n be_v dark_a and_o so_o any_o thing_n of_o light_n be_v the_o more_o conspicuous_a and_o obvious_a to_o the_o eye_n now_o you_o must_v know_v philalethes_n that_o the_o astronomer_n divide_v the_o big_a and_o bright_a of_o the_o fix_a star_n into_o six_o several_a degree_n of_o magnitude_n and_o they_o reckon_v fifteen_o of_o the_o first_o rank_n forty_o five_o of_o the_o second_o two_o hundred_o
three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o six_o hour_n now_o these_o fix_v hour_n at_o four_o year_n end_n come_v to_o twenty_o four_o hour_n that_o make_v up_o a_o day_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o month_n of_o february_n and_o then_o that_o year_n be_v call_v leap-year_n which_o by_o the_o roman_n be_v name_v bissextilis_fw-la as_o to_o the_o month_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o we_o reckon_v they_o some_o have_v thirty_o day_n some_o thirty_o one_o and_o february_n alone_o have_v but_o twenty_o eight_o except_o every_o leap_n or_o four_o year_n when_o it_o have_v twenty_o nine_o day_n which_o that_o you_o may_v find_v out_o ready_o at_o any_o time_n do_v but_o mind_v these_o follow_a verse_n thirty_o day_n have_v november_n april_n june_n and_o september_n of_o eight_o and_o twenty_o there_o be_v one_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v of_o thirty_o one_o phil._n but_o do_v the_o ancient_n hold_v the_o same_o year_n as_o we_o do_v sophr._n before_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n they_o hold_v several_a fort_n of_o yea_o but_o that_o emperor_n forty_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n ordain_v the_o year_n to_o consist_v of_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o fix_v hour_n phil._n pray_v tell_v i_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a style_n and_o what_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o soph._n the_o old_a style_n which_o the_o greek_a church_n and_o most_o protestant_n keep_v still_o be_v the_o old_a julian_n account_v which_o for_o many_o age_n seem_v to_o have_v no_o sensible_a error_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n it_o be_v discover_v to_o be_v not_o altogether_o agreeable_a with_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o julian_n year_n exceed_v the_o rue_n solar_a year_n ten_o minute_n and_o forty_o eight_o second_o which_o cause_v the_o equinox_n and_o solstice_n yearly_a to_o change_v their_o place_n and_o fly_v back_o so_o many_o minute_n and_o second_n whereupon_o pope_n gregory_n the_o xiii_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o direction_n of_o antonius_n lilius_fw-la and_o other_o excellent_a mathematician_n correct_v the_o calendar_n make_v the_o year_n to_o consist_v of_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n five_o hour_n forty_o nine_o minute_n twelve_o second_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n which_o then_o be_v on_o to_o the_o eleven_o of_o march_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o of_o march_n as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o nicene_n council_n he_o command_v ten_o day_n in_o october_n to_o be_v leave_v out_o so_o as_o the_o four_o day_n of_o october_n be_v account_v for_o the_o fourteen_o day_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n fifteen_o hundred_o eighty_o two_o from_o which_o time_n this_o account_n be_v call_v the_o gregorian_a account_n and_o so_o come_v the_o distinction_n of_o old_a and_o new_a style_n the_o old_a according_a to_o the_o julian_n and_o the_o new_a according_a to_o the_o gregorian_a account_n phil._n thus_o the_o nation_n that_o hold_v the_o new_a style_n do_v reckon_v ten_o day_n before_o we_o and_o when_o it_o be_v with_o we_o for_o exemple_n the_o first_o day_n of_o may_n it_o be_v the_o eleven_o with_o they_o sophr._n right_n but_o as_o we_o differ_v in_o the_o style_n so_o we_o do_v from_o some_o nation_n as_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o '_o year_n and_o of_o day_n phil._n how_o so_o my_o sophronius_n sophr._n you_o know_v that_o in_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n they_o begin_v the_o year_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v on_o the_o first_o of_o january_n and_o so_o we_o do_v here_o in_o england_n in_o some_o respect_n therefore_o we_o call_v it_o new-years-day_n but_o upon_o a_o civil_a account_n and_o for_o our_o date_n of_o buy_v or_o sell_v etc._n etc._n we_o begin_v the_o year_n and_o so_o do_v the_o spaniard_n eight_o week_n after_o viz._n upon_o lady-day_n the_o twenty_o five_o of_o march_n so_o the_o jew_n after_o they_o get_v our_o of_o egypt_n begin_v their_o year_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n in_o march_n to_o which_o answer_v in_o part_n their_o month_n nisan_fw-la whereas_o before_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o begin_v it_o in_o their_o month_n call_v tisri_n or_o ethanim_fw-la which_o comprehend_v part_n of_o our_o september_n and_o october_n now_o the_o venetian_n begin_v they_o the_o first_o of_o march_n and_o so_o do_v romulus_n the_o founder_n of_o rome_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o before_o julius_n caesar_n the_o month_n of_o july_n be_v call_v quintilis_n or_o the_o five_o month_n from_o march_n the_o moscovite_n who_o follow_v the_o greek_a church_n begin_v their_o year_n the_o first_o of_o september_n upon_o this_o ground_n for_o they_o believe_v the_o world_n begin_v in_o autumn_n and_o whereas_o we_o reckon_v our_o year_n from_o the_o come_v of_o christ_n into_o the_o world_n they_o reckon_v they_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o creation_n as_o for_o day_n you_o must_v know_v there_o be_v a_o natural_a and_o artificial_a day_n that_o contain_v day_n and_o night_n and_o consist_v of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n this_o beginning_n at_o sunrising_n and_o end_v at_o sunset_n the_o natural_a day_n be_v reckon_v in_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n from_o one_o midnight_n to_o another_o reckon_v twice_o twelve_o hour_n that_o be_v from_o midnight_n to_o noon_n twelve_o hour_n and_o from_o noon_n to_o the_o midnight_n follow_v twelve_o hour_n more_o begin_v with_o one_o two_o three_o etc._n etc._n but_o in_o italy_n as_o former_o in_o athens_n they_o reckon_v twenty_o four_o hour_n all_o along_o without_o come_v back_o to_o one_o as_o we_o do_v and_o that_o from_o sunset_n to_o sunset_n at_o nuremberg_n and_o some_o other_o place_n of_o germany_n they_o reckon_v their_o day_n as_o the_o ancient_a jew_n and_o chaldean_n from_o one_o sunrising_n to_o another_o beginning_n with_o one_o a_o clock_n and_o so_o on_o to_o the_o twenty_o four_o hour_n it_o be_v true_a the_o jew_n have_v beside_o their_o civil_a day_n a_o sacred_a day_n destine_v for_o holy_a exercise_n which_o begin_v at_o sunset_n and_o continue_v till_o the_o next_o sunset_n in_o moscovy_n they_o reckon_v their_o day_n from_o the_o sunrising_n till_o sunset_n and_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v go_v down_o than_o they_o reckon_v the_o first_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n and_o so_o on_o till_o the_o sun_n appear_v again_o over_o their_o horizon_n finish_v the_o time_n of_o their_o night_n and_o begin_v with_o they_o a_o new_a day_n phil._n i_o have_v hear_v very_o often_o of_o equinox_n and_o solstice_n but_o can_v never_o understand_v clear_o what_o they_o be_v be_v please_v to_o give_v i_o as_o clear_v a_o account_n of_o they_o as_o you_o can_v sophr._n in_o order_n to_o that_o you_o must_v know_v there_o be_v yearly_a two_o equinox_n and_o two_o solstice_n a_o vernal_a and_o a_o autumnal_a equinox_n a_o summer_n and_o a_o winter_n solstice_n which_o begin_v the_o four_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n begin_v the_o spring_n the_o summer_n solstice_n the_o summer_n the_o autumnal_a equinox_n the_o autumn_n and_o the._n winter-solstice_n the_o winter_n and_o as_o in_o the_o equinox_n the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a length_n so_o in_o the_o summer-solstice_n we_o have_v our_o long_a day_n and_o in_o the_o winter-solstice_n our_o short_a now_o the_o equiquinox_n be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o latin_a aequinoctium_n because_o then_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a length_n and_o the_o solstice_n have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o latin_a word_n solstitium_fw-la which_o signify_v a_o stop_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o that_o the_o sun_n motion_n be_v stop_v except_o from_o come_v near_o we_o than_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o from_o go_v further_o from_o we_o than_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n but_o of_o this_o you_o shall_v hear_v more_o hereafter_o phil._n what_o shall_v we_o then_o proceed_v upon_o sophr._n next_o to_o the_o glorious_a brightness_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o vastness_n of_o its_o body_n the_o prodigious_a distance_n thereof_o from_o we_o and_o its_o continual_a motion_n to_o or_o from_o we_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v the_o influence_n of_o it_o by_o its_o heat_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n be_v the_o life_n of_o plant_n and_o animal_n for_o as_o without_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o whole_a frame_n of_o nature_n shall_v be_v bury_v in_o darkness_n so_o without_o the_o heat_n that_o arise_v from_o it_o no_o live_a creature_n can_v live_v neither_o be_v this_o heat_n inherent_a in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o it_o be_v wonderful_o produce_v as_o philosopher_n teach_v we_o by_o the_o reflection_n of_o its_o beam_n wherewith_o the_o air_n be_v warm_v foment_n and_o keep_v alive_a all_o vegetable_n phil._n but_o what_o be_v a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n
and_o asia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o northern_a america_n and_o in_o the_o southern_a a_o small_a part_n of_o africa_n and_o almost_o one_o half_a of_o the_o southern_a america_n beside_o what_o have_v be_v discover_v of_o terra_fw-la australis_fw-la phil._n now_o for_o the_o frigid_a zone_n sophr._n these_o be_v also_o one_o northern_a the_o other_o southern_a and_o they_o both_o lie_v in_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o northern_a betwixt_o the_o arctic_a circle_n and_o the_o arctic_a pole_n and_o the_o southern_a betwixt_o the_o antarctick_a circle_n and_o the_o antarctick_a pole_n so_o that_o each_o of_o they_o contain_v 23._o degree_n and_o a_o half_a which_o come_v to_o 470._o geometrical_a league_n or_o 1340._o mile_n and_o they_o be_v call_v frigid_a or_o over-cold_a because_o be_v extreme_o remote_a from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n through_o the_o zodiac_n they_o partake_v but_o a_o little_a of_o its_o heat_n and_o have_v its_o beam_n but_o oblique_a and_o without_o any_o reflection_n for_o which_o reason_n and_o because_o of_o their_o constant_a darkness_n in_o wintertime_n for_o several_a month_n the_o ancient_a geographer_n and_o historian_n can_v not_o imagine_v these_o zone_n to_o be_v at_o all_o inhabit_a no_o more_o than_o the_o torrid_a for_o its_o exceed_a heat_n but_o it_o prove_v a_o mistake_n though_o it_o be_v confess_v as_o to_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n which_o be_v partly_o know_v to_o we_o that_o it_o be_v but_o thin_o people_v in_o which_o zone_n part_n of_o norway_n and_o lapland_n in_o europe_n be_v situate_a some_o part_n of_o tartary_n in_o asia_n and_o terra_fw-la borealis_fw-la thus_o much_o for_o the_o eight_o principal_a circle_n and_o the_o use_v of_o they_o now_o let_v we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o those_o inferior_a circle_n which_o be_v call_v meridian_n and_o parallel_n the_o meridian_n or_o circle_n of_o longitude_n be_v those_o line_n which_o like_o the_o great_a meridian_n go_v round_o the_o globe_n from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o parallel_n or_o circle_n of_o latitude_n be_v those_o which_o across_o the_o globe_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la you_o may_v suppose_v if_o you_o please_v as_o many_o of_o either_o sort_n as_o there_o be_v degree_n but_o lest_o the_o name_n of_o place_n and_o country_n shall_v be_v darken_v with_o so_o many_o line_n therefore_o in_o globe_n and_o map_n these_o circle_n do_v common_o lie_v at_o ten_o degree_n distance_n of_o each_o other_o and_o as_o by_o the_o meridian_n you_n may_v find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o any_o place_n in_o a_o globe_n or_o map_n so_o by_o the_o paralle_n you_o may_v know_v the_o latitude_n phil._n how_o so_o sophronius_n sophr._n the_o longitude_n you_o will_v find_v thus_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o compass_n first_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n in_o the_o place_n the_o longitude_n whereof_o you_o desire_v to_o know_v and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o next_o meridian_n to_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o the_o left_a from_o thence_o draw_v down_o your_o compass_n follow_v still_o that_o meridian_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o there_o mark_v upon_o what_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n do_v rest_n then_o see_v upon_o the_o aequator_fw-la how_o many_o degree_n that_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o that_o be_v the_o true_a longitude_n of_o the_o place_n phil._n but_o than_o one_o must_v be_v rule_v right_a or_o wrong_n by_o the_o great_a meridian_n that_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n sophr._n if_o you_o doubt_n like_o it_o it_o be_v but_o add_v or_o bate_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n which_o make_v the_o difference_n the_o latitude_n be_v to_o be_v take_v thus_o first_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n upon_o the_o place_n of_o which_o you_o design_v to_o take_v the_o latitude_n and_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o next_o parallel_n whether_o above_o or_o beneath_o then_o draw_v your_o compass_n from_o that_o place_n follow_v still_o that_o parallel_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o meridian_n which_o be_v mark_v with_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o mark_v upon_o what_o degree_n the_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n which_o you_o do_v draw_v from_o the_o place_n do_v rest_n that_o you_o will_v find_v to_o be_v the_o true_a latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o that_o latitude_n be_v all_o place_n parallel_v to_o that_o how_o far_o soever_o they_o lie_v asunder_o east_n and_o west_n from_o what_o be_v say_v it_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v that_o all_o place_n just_a under_o the_o great_a meridian_n have_v no_o longitude_n and_o those_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la no_o latitude_n phil._n i_o apprehend_v you_o now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o climate_n sophr._n a_o clime_n or_o climate_n be_v such_o a_o space_n of_o the_o terr-aqueous_a globe_n as_o be_v include_v betwixt_o two_o parallel_n phi._n how_o many_o clime_n than_o do_v you_o reckon_v sophr._n the_o ancient_n reckon_v but_o fourteen_o that_o be_v seven_o in_o the_o northern_a and_o as_o many_o in_o the_o southern_a latitude_n those_o in_o the_o northern_a latitude_n they_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o some_o famous_a city_n island_n river_n or_o hill_n through_o which_o the_o middle_a parallel_n of_o the_o climate_n pass_v as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o southern_a clime_n opposite_a to_o those_o they_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n by_o put_v only_o before_o they_o the_o particle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n but_o to_o those_o fourteen_o clime_n some_o geographer_n have_v add_v two_o more_o some_o five_o and_o other_o ten_o phil._n what_o be_v the_o use_n of_o those_o clime_n sophr._n to_o find_v out_o how_o long_o be_v the_o long_a day_n in_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o for_o you_o must_v know_v that_o 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