side of the Horizon and set fast the last degree vnder the meridian so that it stirre not from it then in the equinoctiall colure count the declination of the Sunne for the day propounded either vpward or downeward from the equator according as the place of the signe requireth Last of all rayse or let fall the pole of the Globe vntill the degree of declinatioÌ„ doth touch the Horizon so shall the pole haue his iust eleuation the like may be done by any fixed starre The second thing to be noted in knowing the length of the day is the time of the Sunnes rising or setting for if the length of the artificiall day be diuided into two partes the one declareth the houre of his setting the other being subducted from 12. â—ffordeth the time of his rising as if the day be 16. houres long he setteth at 8. and riseth at 4. a clocke The like may be done concerning the rising and setting of the starres The third thing is the length of the night for the length of the day being subducted from 24. houres yeeldeth the length of the night P. But may not these three last things be performed by the Globe it selfe M. Yes very conueniently I taught you before how the time of the sunne his rising setting may be found out The length of the night is knowen in this maner Seeke out that degree of the eclipticke which is opposite to the place of the sunne Bring it to the East side oâ— the horizon set the index of the houre circle vpon 12. a clocke turne the Globe about vntill the said degree touch the horizon in the West the houres which the index hath passed ouer expresse the length of the night The fourth thing ro be gathered out of the length of the day being knowen is the length of the planetarie houre The planetarie houre is the twelft part of the artificiall day or night therefore sometimes it is longer than the common houre sometimes shorter sometimes equalâ— vnto it in a right sphere the coÌ„mon houre and the planet houre both of the day night are equall in an oblique sphere if the sunne dicline froÌ„ the pole eleuated the common houre of the day is lesser than the planetary houre but the coÌ„mon houre of the night is greater contrariwise if the sunne decline toward the pole eleuated the common houre of the day is greater than the planetary houre but the common houre of the night is lesser The next conclusion is to finde the houre of the day by the sunne shining P. Why do you say by the sunne shining may not the houre be found if the shine not or may it not bee found by the starres M. If the sunne shine he leadeth vs vnto the knowledge of the houre by his light but if he shine not there must bee one thing or another granted and geuen oâ— else wee cannot come to the knowledge of any particular thing be it houre or height or coasting the like is to be said of the starres whose beame being so weake that it cannot make a shadow inforceth vs to craue some one thing granted vnto vs before wee can inferre any conclusion P. I perceaue your meaning first therefore tell me what I may doe by the shining of the sunne and then I will craue the other conclusions M. The hour of the day by the sun shining is fouÌ„d thus Rectify your globe perfectly seeke out the place of the sunne and rectify the index bring the place of the sunne ether to the East or West side of the meridian according as the time of the day shall aduise you set the sphericall gnomon vpon it and turne the globe to and froe vntill the gnomon cast to shadow then will the index in the houre circle giue the houre of the daye Now marke how many thinges followe vpon this worke First so soone as you haue found the houre if you fasten the Globe that it stirre not and bring the quadrant of altitude ouer the place of the sunne you shall finde his altitude aboue the Horizon Item the globe being fastened and the quadrant of altitude being brought ouer the place of the Sunne you shall finde vpon what point of the compasse he is with his distance ether from East West North or South Item the houre being found you haue all the Starres aboue the Horizon at that houre Item you may by the Globe perceaue what Starres are in your Zenith at that time Item if you note what point of the Eclipticke is vnder the Meridian both aboue and beneath the Horizon and also what point of the Eclipticke is in the East and West you may thereby very well knowe the foure Cardinall pointes of Heauen as wee terme them and consequently the beginnings and endings of the 12. housen of heauen which is commonlie tearmed the erecting of a figure P. All that you haue mentioned before is easie but I do not perceaue this last conclusion M. I will helpe your vnderstanding so well as I can First therefore a figure as wee take it commonlie in this sence is the diuision of the heauen into 12. parts by certaine great circles drawen from the intersections of the meridian and the horizon through equall partitions of the equator diuiding the eclipticke into 12. vnequall partes Each part of heauen thus diuided is called an house The beginning of them is in the East and from thence the rest are accounted vnder the horizon to the nether part of the meridian and from thence vpward to the West and so by the South side of the meridian to the East againe for so the reuolution of the heauen requireth The instrument whereby the housen are found out is that halfe circle which we commonly call the circle of position wherof I spake before The manner of finding theÌ„ out is this The houre being knowen by the shining of the Sunne the 4. cardinall points doe straightway offer themselues whereof that which is in the East is called the first house that which is vnder the horizon in the meridian is the fourth house that which is in the West is the seuenth house and that in the South part of the meridian is the tenth house These being noted seuerally according as you see in the figure following from the point of the equator which is vnder the meridian you shall count 30. degrees toward the East ouer the thirtith degree bring the circle of position and note what point of the eclipticke it crosseth for that is the beginning of the eleuenth house and the degree opposite vnto that degree of the eclipticke is the beginning of the fift house Againe from the point of the equator which is vnder the meridian you shall count 60. degrees toward the East and ouer the said 60. degree bring the circle of position and note what point of the eclipticke it lighteth vpon for that is the beginning of the twelfth house and the opposite degree of the eclipticke vnder the Horizon is the
there be any thing to be saide touching their qualitie I pray you let me heare it it cannot be much besides the text M. The qualitie of the aspects is eyther certaine or vncertaine The certaine is eyther good or badde bothe of them are either perfect or meane The perfect good aspect is the trine because the signes which beholde one an other in that aspect agree in bothe their qualities as ♈ and ♑ are both hot and drie as ♉ and â™ are both drie and colde c. The meane good aspect is the Sextile because the signes placed in that aspect do in qualitie partly agree and partly disagree as ♈ and ♊ agree in heate but the one is drie the other moiste yet are they not directly opposite The badde aspects are the Quadrature and the opposition The vncertaine aspect is the coniunction for it is sometimes good sometimes badde according to the Planets which meete together Out of the consideration of these aspects ariseth that disorderly placing of the Signes which was mentioned before The Astronomers perceauing the contrarietie which fell out â—implie nowe and then in the quartile aspecte that the Signes which were so placed did oppugne one the other sometimes in bothe the qualities as ♈ and ♋ whereof the one is fierie the other watrie they could not dispose of the signes in that order as the elements are placed for by that meanes the first signe should neâ—er haue oppugned the fourth in both qualities but they should alwaies haue agreed in the one which thing was contrarie to their obseruation Thus haue I briefelie run thourough those things which are simplie to be respected in the eclipticke Let vs now proceede to the Colures P. What is the reason of that name M. Colurus properlie signifieth Cauda Mancus maimed in the taile for these circles excepting one position and situation of the sphere whereof I will speake hereafter do alwayes appeare vnperfect Their office is this to distinguish the. 12. Signes according as they are answerable to the foure seasons of the yeare for you see them to diuide the Zodiacke into foure partes whereof the one containeth the Vernall signes the other the sommer signes c. Moreouer the Solstitiall colure passing through the head of ♋ affordeth vs alwaies the two poles of the eclipticke in this manner If you turne the head of ♋ toward you this is a certaine rule that looke now farre the head of Cancer is aboue the equator so farre is the north pole of the eclipticke beyond the north pole of the world and the south pole of the eclipticke is so farre on this side the South pole of the world If you turne the head of Capricorne toward you it falleth out contrarywise P. I perceaue it well for then the north pole of the eclipticke is on this side the north pole of the world and the south pole of the eclipticke is beyond the south pole of the world so farre as the head of Capricorne is distant from the equator Where are the poles of the 2. Colures M. There is no great vse of them in the Globe yet if you desire to knowe where they be the former generall rules will leade you to them you shall finde the poles of the equinoctiall colure to be in the intersections of the equinoctiall and the solstitiall colure and the poles of the solstitiall colure to be in the intersections of the equinoctiall colure and the equator 〈◊〉 selfe The graduation of the colures in the celestial Globes vsuallie is omitted but in M. Mollineux his Globe the equinoctiall colure is gratuated from the equator toward each pole of the world the solstitiall colure is gratuated from the eclipticke toward each pole thereof to the intent that the Globe may be readie both for the declination and latitude of the Starres Let vs now come to the Horizon Wherein you must first vnderstand that the breadth which is geuen to the Horizon or any other circle else generally belonging to the Globe is not giuen vnto it as an Horizon for simplie as it is an Horizon or a circle of the sphere it is a line without any breadth but the breadth is allowed it for the degrees and other things necessarie for the vse of the Globe P. I vnderstand you well but I pray you expresse vnto me particularlie what things these are that are inscribed in the Horizon and what vse they haue M. There are inscribed in the Horizon the 12. sâ—â—nes the 12. moneths of the yeare and the 32. windes which are commonlie called the points of the Compasse both in english and latine P. Nay by your leaue Sir I am not yet fully satisâ—â—ed I minde to goe more particularlie to the matter What degrees are those which are set in the inner side of the Horizon M. They are the degrees of the 12. signes and the numbers that stand next vnto them are the numbers of the degrees of each seuerall signe from 10. to 10. In the third space next vnto the Horizon are set the names of the twelue signes with their characters the name standeth at the beginning the character at the ende of each signe P. But what meaneth the character which is in the â—iddest of euery signe M. It signifieth that the signe is the house of that planet vnto whome the character doth belong as for example Aries is the house of Mars Taurus is the house of Venus c. P. What is the reason why the first signe is set in the east point of the Horizon and from thence successiuely they goe about by the North M. That is done to helpe the memorie of the nouice in Astronomie all the signes from the east counting about by the North to the West are those which before I counted the Northern signes the other are the Southern signes The partitions which follow the names of the 12. signes are the dayes of each seuerall moneth next vnto them succeede the number of the dayes belonging to each moneth P. But what meane the letters set vpon each seuâ—rall daie M. They are seuen letters of the alphabet answâ—rable to the seuen dayes of the weeke the letters aâ— iterated according as the dayes of the yeere doe requiâ—â— Of these letters that which is appropriate to the Suâ—daie is called the Dominicall letter for that yeare P. Whie is not euerie yeare the same letter appropriate vnto the Sundaie these letters keepe alwaie the same dayes of the moneth for A serueth continâ— allie the first of Ianuarie B the second C the third â— M. It is true that the letters are answerable 〈◊〉 those dayes yet doth the Dominicall letter change euâ—â—rie yeare and in the leape yeare there is two Domiâ—â—call letters The reason why they change is this thereâ—â— in the yeare one day more than 52. weekes as you mâ—â— perceaue by the letters for the last of December and thâ— first of Ianuarie are marked with one letter If theâ— were iust 52. weekes the Dominicall letter could
to ende the â—â—â—â—â—â—es also call if finitor that is the ender because it limiâ—â—h our sight P. You say it is a fixed circle what meaneth that M. My meaning is that it neuer stirreth nor moâ—â—â—h as it may be proued by a most certaine argument â—â—ken from the poles thereof in this manner The Horizon as you may perceiue by the Globe cutteth the meridian at right angles the poles therefore of the Horizon by that generall rule which I gaue you at the first must â—â—edes be in the Meridian the one of them is that point 〈◊〉 the Meridian or that point of the heauen which is â—â—â—ht ouer our head and is called the Zenith the other is â—â—e point right vnder our feete and is called the Nadir 〈◊〉 then the poles be the points directlie aboue and diâ—â—ctlie beneath vs where wee stande and no pole can â—â—me nearer to his circle in one place than in an other â—â—t is alwayes equallie distant on euerie side from it it must needes followe that so long as wee stand still the Horizon must be fixed for if it should rise vpward it â—ust come nearer if it should moue downeward it â—ust fall farther from the verticall point which is our â—â—nith and the pole of that circle P. What then doth the Horizon moue when wee moue M. Not so but that Horizon standeth still and â—â—u transport your selfe into another so that you are â—â—yd to change your Horizon P. Are there then so many Horizons M. Herein is the difference betweene the other circles of the Globe before named and the Horizon they are but one in the heauen as one equator one eâ—â—ipticke c. But the Horizons are infinite not to be numbred euery man hath his Horizon in truth yea aâ— many points as there can be conceaued in the halfe 〈◊〉 the heauen so many Horizons are to be vnderstoode though not sensiblie to be discerned in a small space for the sensible alteration of our Horizon can hardâ—â— be perceaued in 400. furlongs which amount vnto 〈◊〉 miles P. You say that the Horizon diuideth the heauen bâ— how doth it diuide it into equall or into vnequall parts M. It is a great circle therefore it diuideth it inâ—â— equall partes P. When I looke round about me standing in 〈◊〉 plaine champion feeld doe I see iust the one halfe of thâ— heauen M. Here you must vnderstand that the Horizoâ— is taken two seuerall wayes the one is called rationall 〈◊〉 naturall because it is the true horizon represented by 〈◊〉 horizon of the globe and not by sence but by geometâ—â— call reason to be comprehended to diuide the heauâ—â— equallie The other is sensible and apparent that iâ— it is that space of the land and sea which our eye sigâ—â— beholdeth and from thence runneth on vnto the heâ—uen And for so much as the centre of the Horizon is 〈◊〉 our sight the which is farre distant from the centre 〈◊〉 the world through which the diameter of the true Horizon doth passe therefore reason telleth vs this thaâ— it cannot be so great as the other is and consequently 〈◊〉 cannot diuide the heauen into two equall parts yeâ— considering that the Globe of the earth in respect of thâ— heauen is insensible so that our sight cannot makeâ— sensible distinction betweene each Horizon therefore although our reason affirme an vnequalitie wee accâ—â—nt them equall P. Haue you any thing else to be added touching 〈◊〉 Horizon M. As the equinoctiall is the beginning of all declinâ—â—ion and the ecliptick is the beginning of all latitude iâ—â—he celestiall globe so is the Horizon the beginning of all eleuation altitude or height Whatsoeuer is in the Horizon hath no eleuation whatsoeuer is aboue it hath aâ— eleuation more or lesse as hereafter you shall heare â—â—s the beginning also of all depression In it are counâ—â—d the amplitude of euery thing that riseth or setteth in the heauen and the seuerall coasting of the Sun or stars which is called the Azimuth or verticall circles c. But 〈◊〉 vs now come to the Meridian You see that it cutteth the Horizon at right angles and standeth so vpon 〈◊〉 that it leaneth neither to the one hand nor to the oâ—â—er therefore the poles of it must needes be in the Hoâ—â—zon in the East and West points thereof In it are conâ—â—ined the poles of the world and the poles of the Horizon which I called before the Zenith and the Nadir The degrees thereof are 360. not continued as the degrees of the equator but are counted from 1. to 90. for so it is most conuenient for the raysing of the pole and the equator aboue the Horizon The vse of it simplie considered in it selfe is the diuiding of the heauen into two equall partes whereof the one is the East and the â—ther the West Whatsoeuer is toward the rising of the Sunne is the East whatsoeuer is toward his setting is the West part of the world and by it the day is distinguished equally From it as you heard before wee begin to account the points of the compasse and the variation thereof P. Are the Meridians manie in number or 〈◊〉 there no more than one as wee see in the Globe M. The Meridians are not so many as the Hoâ—â—rons in number yet are they so many that wee mâ—â— tearme them infinite in respect Which way soeuer yoâ— goe the Horizon differeth because your verticall poâ—â—â— differeth but the Meridian differeth only betweene 〈◊〉 East and West If you goe North or South your Meâ—dian continuallie is the same because your Zenith 〈◊〉 verticall point is alwaies in the selfesame line so thâ—â— the Meridians in truth are so manie in number as theâ— are points betweene the South and North part of thâ— Globe as you see it diuided by the Meridian though 〈◊〉 sence they cannot be discerned Notwithstanding wâ—â— commonlie count those that are of one Shire or Ciâ—â—â— or Towne to be vnder one Meridian because the seâ—sible distinction of one Meridian is not perceaued scareâ—ly in 300. furlongs which are 37. miles ½ Thus muâ—â— touching the great circles of the Globe as they are simplie considered by themselues now of them iointly onâ— with an other and first generallie without respect haâ—â— vnto any certaine position of the Sphere Here theâ—â— things do offer themselues to be considered 1. the equall diuision of the great circles by the Horizon 2. thâ— vniforme motion of the equator 3. the declination 4. the longitude 5. the latitude 6. the foure cardinall points oâ— the world 7. the goodnes of the Globe Howsoeuer the Globe is situated in the Horizon be the pole higher oâ— lower from it or iust in the same the great circles of the Globe are equallie diuided by the Horizon except they be conicident and hid therewith P. May they then be hid with the Horizon M. Yea there is none of them excepting the Meriâ—â—an but in some position of the Sphere it may be iust in â—â—e Horizon and couered with
eleuation 〈◊〉 â—he pole being giuen how shall I finde by the Globe â—â—at starres do arise and set what starres neuer set and â—â—at starres neuer rise M. Rectifie your Globe that is rayse the pole of 〈◊〉 Globe according to the eleuation assigned so shall 〈◊〉 presently answere your selfe by the reuolution of 〈◊〉 Globe If bothe the poles be in the Horizon you â—â—ll see euery starre and euery degree of the eclipticke 〈◊〉 â—rise and set If one of the poles be in your Zenith â—â—u shall see all the starres and degrees of the eclipticke â—â—â—m the equator vpward neuer to set and contrarywise â—â—â—se that are from the equator downeward neuer to 〈◊〉 If the pole be raysed 66. d 30. m. you shall see all the â—â—â—res from the one tropicke vpward neuer to set and â—â—â—m the other tropicke downeward neuer to rise and 〈◊〉 Sunne being in the tropicke next to the pole that is â—â—â—uated doth but touch the Horizon with his centre 〈◊〉 being in all other places of the eclipticke he doth 〈◊〉 the rise and set To conclude this is a generall rule to 〈◊〉 gathered out of the declination If the declination â—â—â—â—er of the Sunne or Starre be lesser than the compleâ—â—â—nt of the heigth of the pole the Sunne and Starre aâ—â—â—th and setteth If the declination be greater they neâ—â—â— set or else neuer arise If the declination be equall â—â—ey touch the Horizon but neuer set or else neuer aâ—â—â—â— The next thing to be considered in the Horizon is 〈◊〉 ascension and descension of the Sunne or Starres â—â—â—h the difference thereof Ascension is the portion of 〈◊〉 equator contained the orderly succession of the degrees being obserued betweene the head of ♈ aâ— the horizon at the time of the rising of the Sunne 〈◊〉 Starre Descension is the portion of the equator contayned in like manner betweene the head of ♈ and thâ— horizon at the time of the setting of the Sunne 〈◊〉 Starre Therefore whatsoeuer is in the horizon wiâ—â— the head of ♈ hath neither ascension or descensioâ— Ascension and descension is either right or crooked otherwise called oblique Right ascension is the portioâ— of the equator contained betweene the head of Ariâ—â— and the meridian at the time of the comming of aâ—â— either sunne or starre vnto the meridian Descensioâ— may be defined in the same manner by the departiâ—â— from the meridian P. How commeth it to passe that you define thâ— right ascension by the meridian and not by the hoâ—â—zon as you did generally define it before M. I define it by the meridian because I would haâ—â— you remember that which I tolde you before namelâ— that the meridian of the Globe may very fitly supply 〈◊〉 place of the horizon in a right sphere Therefore if yâ—â— would know the right ascension of the sunne or starreâ— bring the degree of the eclipticke which the sunne pâ—sesseth or else bring the starre assigned to the meridiaâ— and there obserue what portion of the equator is coâ—tained betweene the head of ♈ and the meridian 〈◊〉 that is the right ascension Heere this is to be noâ—â— that the right ascension and descension are alwayes onâ— for the same degree of the equator which commeth 〈◊〉 the meridian the same degree goeth from the meridiaâ— with the sunne or starre Moreouer there is no degreâ— of the eclipticke nor no starre but it hath a right ascenâ—â—â— and descension excepting those which were geneâ—â—â— excepted before namely those which are iust vnâ—â—â— the meridian with the head of ♈ P. By your words I gather that the oblique ascenâ—â—â—â— is the portion of the equator contained betweene 〈◊〉 head of ♈ and the horizon of an oblique sphere at â—â—â—rising of the sunne or starres Descension also may 〈◊〉 â—efined in the same manner by the setting So that if â—â—sire to know the oblique ascension I must bring the â—â—â—â—ee of the eclipticke or else the starre assigned to the â—â—â—â—zon and there obserue what portion of the equator â—â—ntained betweene the head of ♈ and the horizon 〈◊〉 that on the East side of the horizon is the oblique â—â—â—nsion on the West side it is the descension M. You say right And here note this that the â—â—â—que ascension and descension are neuer the same 〈◊〉 some starres and the sunne likewise haue neither â—â—â—ension or descension namely when they neither rise 〈◊〉 set P. What is the difference of ascension which you â—â—â—red before M. In searching out the right and crooked asâ—â—â—sion you shall finde this continually to be true that of â—ne and the same signe or starre the seuerall ascensiâ—â— neuer agree the one is alwayes either greater or â—â—â—r than another therefore hauing found out the â—â—â—t and crooked ascension of any one starre subduct 〈◊〉 lesser from the greater the degrees of the equator â—â—â—ch remayne is called the difference of ascenâ—â—â—â— P. To what ende serueth this ascension and diffeâ—â—â—ce of ascension whereof you speake P. It serueth to diuers purposes whereof I shâ—â— make mention hereafter now let vs follow the matâ—â— which we haue in hand Wee vse in the Horizon to oâ—serue with what degree of the eclipticke any Staâ—â— doth arise or set which thing is done only by mouâ—â— the Globe vp and downe vntill the Starre assigned coâ—meth to the East or West side of the Horizon the dâ—gree of the eclipticke which is then in the Horizon 〈◊〉 the degree required P. By this meanes also I may knowe what degrâ—â— commeth to the meridian for if I bring the Starre pâ—â—pounded to the meridian the degree of the ecliptic which is vnder the meridian with the starre is the â—â—gree required But what dothe the knowledge of 〈◊〉 auaile me M. Hereby you may learne vpon what day of 〈◊〉 uery moneth euery Starre is to be seene rising or sâ—â—ting or in the meridian at midnight in this manneâ— Bring the Starre propounded to the East side of the Hâ—rizon marke what degree of the eclipticke is in the Hâ—rizon with it when the Sunne shall possesse the oppoâ—â— degree that day shall the assigned starre arise at the â—â—ting of the Sunne P. But how shall I knowe that daye M. I tolde you before that whensoeuer there any degree of the eclipticke assigned it must be souâ— out in the Horizon and right against it you shall finâ—â— the day of the moneth wherein the sunne possesseth thâ— degree Take an example the litle dogge ariseth in oâ— Horizon with the 5. d. 30. m. of Leo the degree opposâ— to this in the west side of the Horizon is the 5. d. 30. m Aquarius the sunne possesseth that degree as I perceâ— â—he Horizon the 16. of Januarie therefore vpon that â—â—at the setting of the Sunne the litle dogge ariseth â—â—e Horizon Contrarywise bring any Starre to the 〈◊〉 side of the Horizon marke the degree of the eâ—â—â—icke which commeth to the Horizon with it â—â—â—n the Sunne possesseth the opposite degree on that â—â—at the rising of the Sunne the sayd Starre shall
13. of September to the 11. of March but from the eleuenth of March to the 13 of September our day is alwaies longer than theirs Againe from the 13. of SepteÌ„ber to the eleuenth of March their night is shorter than ours but from the 11. of March to the 13. of September our night is shorter than theirs Moreouer the Sunne neuer riseth vnto these men at one houre ercept he bee in the equator as for example to vs and the Spaniards Whilest the Sunne is in the North signes he riseth more early and shineth longer to vs than to them but the Sunne being in the South signes he riseth more early and shineth longer to them than to vs Last of alâ— the Sunne neuer riseth or setteth to them and vs on the same point of the compasse c. all which thinges you may easily perceaue to be true by those rules which you haue heard before in the celestiall globe if you do buâ— find out by the terrestriall globe their feuerall latitudes that dwell vnder the same meridian and then raise the pole seuerally working the conclusions aforesaid according as you haue bin taught P. Haue not these people any peculier name which dwell vnder one meridian but differ in latitude M. No but there are another kinde of people hauing one longitude which haue a peculier name and are called Anteci They are such inhabitants of the earth as dwell vnder one meridian and haue the same longitude also the same latitude but toward diuers poles so that as farre the one dwelleth from the equator northward the others haue the same distance from it Southward and as high as the North pole is raised to the one so high is the South Pole raised to the other Such are they that dwell in the West side of Arabia twentie degrees Northward and they that dwel in Madagascar in the same longitude twentie degrees to the South warde These men haue the day and night of equall length the Sunne rising and setting at the same houres on the same point of the compasse but at diuers times and the seasons of the yeare are opposite as when it is Sommer to them which dwell in Aâ—abia it is Winter to them in Madagascar And conâ—rariwise when the day is longest to them in Arabia it â—s shortest to them in Madagascar Furthermore if the Sunne rise 25 degrees from the East to them in Arabia hee riseth so many degrees from the East to them in Madagascar but to the one in Sommer to the other in winter if the day be fourteene houres long to them in Aâ—abia it is so long also to them in Madagascar but hee possesseth contrary signes These thinges may seuerally be tried by the globe or by comparing your 2. Globes â—ogether and raising the North pole of the one and he South pole of the other aboue the Horizon so â—hall you see that that degree of the Eclipticke which â—ontinueth longest aboue the horizon to them that dwel Northward continueth the shortest aboue their Hoâ—izoÌ„ that dwel Southward Moreouer also you may perâ—eaue this that they which dwell Northward see the Sunne rising and the Heauens moouing from the left and to the right but they which are to the Southward see the Sunne arysing and the heauens moouing froâ— the right hand to the left Besides these inhabitant before named there are other to be noted which because they goe foot to foote right opposite one to the other they are therefore called of the Grecians Antâ—podes and Antichthones because they dwell in opposite places of the earth P. Mee thinketh it is impossible that you speake oâ— how can they that are vnder vs walke vpon the eaâ—â— without falling Can two men walke the one on the to of a wheele the other on the nether side thereof with out tumbling downe M. Your reason is not alike in the wheele and 〈◊〉 the earth All they that dwell vpon the earth haue oâ— common centre in the Globe of thâ— earth vnto whiâ—â— they doe naturally tend in respect of their grauity anâ— therefore where soeuer they stand they cannot fall from the earth but bend naturally vnto the centre thereoâ— But they which stand vpon a wheele or any such rounâ— thinge els haue not any one point in the wheele or 〈◊〉 the round bodie vnto the which they doe natural bend and therefore whensoeuer he commeth vnto anâ— such place of the wheele wherin his legs caÌ„not keep thâ— weightines of his bodie perpeÌ„dicular and imminent the centre of the Wheele he must needes fall from thâ— wheele toward that centre vnto which naturally he iâ— clineth which is the centre of the earth This is certaiâ— both by reason and experience of our owne countrieâ—â— that there are Antipodes and therefore let the truâ— preuaile with vs more than the opinions either of Aâ—gustine or Lactantius who haue stoutly denied tâ—â— Antipodes yea Lactantius as I remember held it heresie and counted them accursed that sayd there were â—ntipodes P. How doe you define the Antipodes M. They are certaine inhabitants of the earth right opposite one to another in the extremities of the diameâ—er of the Globe Therefore the antipodes haue the same meridian yet they differ in longitude one from the other 80 degrees They haue the same horizon indeede but â—iffering in reason namely thus that the Zenith or verâ—icall point of the one is the nadir to the horizon of the other and contrariwise they haue also the same latitude but bending toward contrarie poles P. How shall I readily by the globe finde out who â—e antipodes one to another M. Bring any point or place assigned in the globe into the meridian and note what latitude it hath the â—oint or places hauing the selfe same latitude in the meâ—dian vnder the Horizon is the habitation of them that â—â—e antipodes to the former Such are the inhabitants of Trinideda and Iaua maior also the inhabitantes of old and new Guinea with infinit other places of the earth whose antipodes are not yet discouereed The Antipoâ—es haue all thinges contrary excepting those that dwel â—nder the equinoctiall if the heauen moue to the one â—â—om the left hand to the right it moueth contrary waies into the other if it be day to the one it is night to the â—ther if the Sunne rise to the one he setteth to the other 〈◊〉 the day or night increase to the one it decreaseth to â—he other if it be Sommer to the one it is Winter to he other c. P. Why do you make exception of those that dwel â—nder the equator M. Because they being aswell Perieci as antipodes haue all the seasons of the yeare agreeable and the same length of day night the Sun rising setting at the same houre yet when he riseth to the one he setteth to the other the houres of day and night are opposite for when it is high noone to the one it is midnights to the other when it is 11. a clocke
in the morning to the one it is 11. a clocke at night to the other c. Thus briefly coÌ„cerning the coÌ„munities differences incident to sundry inhabitautes of the earth in regard of their difference and agreement ether in longitude or latitude Let vs now speake of the meridian P. Me thinketh that it hath the same vse in diuiding the terrestriall which it hath in diuiding the celestiall Globe into two seuerall partes whereof the one is the East the other the West So that what people or countries soeuer are toward the East side from the meridian of any place may be called the Easterne people and the other toward the setting of the Sunne may be called the Westerne people M. It is true that they may bee so called but it is respectiuely onely in regard of the place wherein you dwell otherwise the true East and west parts of the terrestriall Globe are limited by the first meridian or circle of longitude what countries soeuer lie from that meridian Eastward an hundred and eightie degrees are called the East countries and the other are called the West yea the names of these places by meanes oâ— the first inuentors of Geographie are knowen so autheÌ„ticall that they are not chaunged as the other be which only are spoken respectiuely for albeit it so fall out aâ— many times it doth in trauailing sarre that Hispaniola or Cuba Brasill and all that cost of America do lie from vs to the Eastwarde yet doe wee commonly call them the West India Agayne thongh that Sumatra Borneo the Moluccas and diuers other places also thereaboutes bee from vs towardes the setting of the Sun yet doe wee tearme and call them by the name of East India P. What are the partitions in the meridian M. Those which are next vnto the Globe are the legrees which haue no other vse thaÌ„ hath bin spokeÌ„ of â—ther in the celestial globe or heretofore in the terrestriâ—ll when I spake of finding the latitude of any place But â—esides the degrees there are other partitions seruing â—articularly vnto the terrestriall Globe Those partitions which are next aboue the degrees expresse the quantitie â—f the longest day so that when you shall heare the day 〈◊〉 be 13.15.24 houres long or 1.2.3 moneths long c. You may by these partitions finde out what people â—â—ey are which haue the day of such a length The vpper â—ost partitions are the climates P. What is that which you call a climate M. It is nothing but a certaine space of the earth â—ntained betweene two imaginarie circles parallell â—â—to the Equator From the beginning of which space â—â—to the ende the longest Daye admitteth the diffeâ—â—nce of halfe an houre As for example the space of the trestriall globe betweene the 12. d. 45. min. of latitude â—here the longest day is 12. houres and three quarters to the latitude of 20. d. 30. m. where the longest day is th oures ¼ is called a climate P. How many climates are there M. The number of the climats are diuers The ancieÌ„t Cosmographers made but 7. beginning at the 12. d. 45. m. of latitude and ending at the 50. d. 30. m. But they which succeded added two other and made 9. climates the which number is expressed vpon the meridian of the Globe Others made 19. neglecting the ordinarie increase of halfe an houre in the longest day and the place also where the ancient Cosmographers began their climates Others made 23. others 47. P. Why did the ancient Cosmographers begin 〈◊〉 the 12. degree 45. minutes of latitude end at the 50. d. 30. m. M. They thought that that part of the earth betweene those two paralleles to bee habitable therefore had onely respect to them But the latter Cosmographers knowing the earth to be more habitable ertended their climates ouer the whole surface thereof from the equator to the pole P. Me thinketh the Climates on the meridian aâ— extended but toward one pole are they not also to be considered toward the other pole M. Yes in the selfe same distance from the equâ—tor but with contrarie names P. Hath each climate a seuerall name M. Yea for they are denominated according to thâ— name of certaine notable places which are in the middeâ— of them as appeareth in the Table following the Câ—â—mates to the Southward are called by the same name the word anti which signifieth against being put there vnto as for example that which is the next beyond thre equator to the Southward is called anti dia Meroes because it is as farre beyonde the Equator as that Climaâ—â— which passeth through Meroe is on this side therof c. Loe here is the Table of the ancient Cosmographers wherein is expressed the number of the Climates with their limites c. as you see it set downe in the front thereof g By this Table as also by the Globe you may gather Philomathes the whole difference of time from the beginning of the first climate to the last to be 4. houres and an halfe but the diuersitie of the height of the pole is 42. d. 49. m the breadth of them according to Ptolemee is 2359. miles â…œ but according to our account that ascribe to euery degree of a great circle 60 miles it amounteth vnto 2569. miles The other thinges which may be sayd concerning the Climates as that the beginning of the one climate is the end of the other and that the climates next vnto the equator are greater than those which are further of c. I leaue them to your owne contemplacion because you may gather them not onely out of this table but also out of ehe globe it selfe Yet this I must tell you that the Cosmographers haue diuided each climate into two partes whereof each part is called a parallell So that in this sence a parallell may be defined briefly to be the limite of halfe a Climate or otherwise it is a portion of the terrestriall Globe contayned betweene two circles from the beginning whereof vnto the end the longest day admitteth the difference of a quarter of an houre But of this matter let this suffice Let vs now speake of the eclipticke P. With a good will to what ende serueth that circle mee thinketh it should be needles in this globe P. No for hereby the terrestriall Globe is not only made fit to serue for all those propositions which in the Celestiall globe are performed by knowing the place of the Sunne but hereby also wee learne whether the Sun passeth by the Zenith of any people yea or no what people they be by whose Zenith he passeth not and how many times hee passeth by them and how far he is distant from their Zenith with other conclusions more whereof I will speake hereafter as they come to my memory P. How shall I know whether the Sunne passeth by the Zenith of any place yea or no M. You know that the Eclipticke expresseth the high way of the Sunne therefore as