this time in Sweden Leefland and Spruce Iames Seaton Colonell to foote of Swedes Colonell Kinninmond Colonell to foote of Swedes since dead Colonell Thomson Colonell to foote of Swedes since dead Colonell Scot Cloonell to foote of Finnes since dead William Cunninghame Colonell to foote of Scots in Spruce Francis Ruthven Colonell to foote of Dutch in Spruce Sir Iohn Meldrum Colonell in Spruce to foote Lievetenant Colonells who served then whereof since some have beene advanced Thomas Hume of Carolside Lievetenant Colonell of Horse since a Colonell in France Lievetenant Colonell Dowglas since a Colonell of Horse in Germany under the Swede Henry Muschamp Lievetenant Colonell since was a Colonell and was slaine at Nerling Alexander Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote Alexander Cunninghame Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote Lievetenant Colonell Vavazer since a Colonell to foote William Gunne Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote of Dutch Iohn Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since Colonell to foote of Scots Lievetenant Colonell Finnesse Forbesse since a Colonell Alexander Forbesse called the Bald Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell Robert Stewart Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell Hector Monro Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell and being made Knight Baronet died at Hamburg and was buried at Buckstehood in the Oldland on the Elve Sir George Dowglas Lievetenant Colonell Lievetenant Colonells since Ambassadour for his Majesty of Great Britaine in Spruce died in Germany and was transported and buried in Scotland George Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since Colonell Iohn Lindesey of Bainshow Lievetenant Colonell since slaine at Newbrandenburg Lievetenant Colonell Monypenny Lievtenant Colonell to horse Alexander Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Bavier Iohn Sinclaire Lievetenant Colonell was slaine at Newmarke William Stewart Lievetenant Colonell succeeded to Sinclaire Henry Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell to Lesly the younger William Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell to Horse Iames Henderson Lievetenant Colonell to Foote Sir Arthur Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote was slaine in combat neere Hamburg Robert Weere Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Saxony Iohn Lyell Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iames Dickson Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in the Paltz Sandelens Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in the Paltz William Borthwicke Lievetenant Colonell to foote Macdowgall Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Schwabland Iames Hepburne Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in France Robert Hannan Lievetenant Colonell to foote died in Alsas Iohn Monro Lievetenant Colonell to foote Robert Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell to foote William Herring Lievetenant Colonell to foote Sir Iames Cunninghame Lievetenant Colonell to foote William Spence Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iohn Ennis Lievetenant Colonell to foote Poytaghee Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iohn Forbesse of Tullough Lievetenant Colonell was slaine at Nerling George Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote Alexander Hay Lievetenant Colonell of Dragoniers David Leslie Lievetenant Colonell to Horse Iames Drummond Lievetenant Colonell to horse Kinninmond the elder Lievetenant Colonell to foote Kinninmond the younger Lievetenant Colonell to foote Francis Sinclaire Lievetenant Colonell to foote Gordon Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote of Dutch under the Crowne of Sweden Iohn Henderson Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell under the Emperour William Troope Lievetenant Colonell slaine in the Paltz Potley Lievetenant Colonell to foote under Sir George Fleetwood Arthur Mon-gorge Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iames Mongomry Lievetenant Colonell slaine in combat Scots Majors Major Ruthven slaine at Nerling Major Mill. Major Cunninghame Major Iohn Forbesse Major David King slaine at Nerling Major Bodwell slaine at Wertzburg Major Mackenyee since Generall adjutant under the Felt-marshall Lesly Major Sidserfe slaine at Nerling Major David Monro Major William Falconer Major Francis Sinclaire Major William Keith Major Sanderson Major William Bruntfield died of his wounds at Buckstehoode in the Oldland Diverse Captaines and inferiour Officers of the Nation followed the Army being in charge whom J omit out of this List MONRO HIS EXPEDITION JN GERMANY The first Part.  Moneths Weekes Dayes Dutch Miles TVesday the tenth of October 1626. from Cromartie in Scotland to Lugstad on the selve by Sea Dayes 5 300 Wee wintered in Holstein in good Quarters Moneths 6  From Lugstad on the Elve we marched to the Weser streame above Bremen Dayes 4 12 On the Weser streame we remained weekes Ten. 10  The tenth of Iuly 1627. we marched from the Weser to Bucstihoode Dayes 3 12 From the Oldland we crossed the Elve at Blanckenesse and continued our Expedition to Beysenburg on the Elve in Mechlenburg Dayes 3 10 At Beysenburg we rested Dayes five 5  From Beysenburg to Rapin in the Marke of Brandenburg we marched Dayes 6 18 At Rapin we rested daye Eight 8  From Rapin we retired to the Isle of Poole on the Baltique Coast having marchea Dayes 6 28 At Poole Leaguer we rested five weekes   From Poole by water to Heligenhoven Dayes 2 40 From Heligenhoven we marched to Oldenburg Day 1 3 At Oldenburg we were dayes three 3  From Oldenburg we retired in a night 1 3 From Heligenhoven on the Coast of Holsten to Flensborre by water Dayes 2 40 From Flensborre to Assens in Denmarke by water Dayes 5 50 Having arrived in Funeland in Denmarke we were quartered in Denmarke till we went to Trailsound being Eight Moneths 8  From Assens in Funeland we marched unto Lowland and crossed the Palt twice being on the March Dayes 5 14 Having arrived at Marbo in Lowland we quartered our Companies in Marbo Rubie and in Nicoppen where we lay in good Quarters foure Moneths   From Marbo we marched to Rubie in a Day 1 4 We lay three dayes and nights in extremity of cold weather in open Boats before Rubie attending a faire winde and in the end were forced to land and march a Day backe 1 4 The sixt of Aprill we marched to Rubie againe in one Day 1 4 From Rubie we sayled to Feamer and landed in a Day 1 16 From Feamer to Aikel-ford by water alongst the Coast of Holsten in one Day 1 16 From Aikel-ford againe being shipped we sayled alongst the coast before Kyel in one Day 1 18 From Kyel we returned by water unto Grottenbrodde in Holsten Dayes 2 34 At Grottenbrodde in Holsten we lay weekes three where we did worke and complete a Royall Leaguer and a Fort within it   From Feamer to Rubie by water we sayled backe unto Lowland 1 16 From Rubie to our Quarters in Marbo and Nicoppen where we lay weekes six in good Quarters 1 4 From Lowland to Alzenheur in Denmark we marched through Falster and Zealand Dayes 4 18 From Alzenheur we sayled unto Trailsound in Pomeren 2 60 At Trailsound being beleaguered we lay seven weekes where we had great paines and sustained great losse   From Trailsound we marched unto Wolgast Dayes 2 6 At Wolgast wee remained dayes Ten.   From Wolgast we sayled to Copmanhagen Dayes 2 60 At Copmanhagen in Denmark the Regiment was made complete againe and wee were
quartered in good Quarters during Eight Moneths without any hostile Imployment being treating for a peace   In Aprill 22. wee shipped at Malmee in Skonland in Denmarke and sayled unto Holsten towards the Isle of Angle in dayes 3 60 We lay at Angle in Holsten till the Peace was concluded in the latter end of May 1629. that we were thanked of or dismissed by his Majestie of Denmark and were shipped againe from Holsten to Alzenheur being by water Dayes 3 60 Summa Miles by water and land travelled under his Majestie of Denmark in three yeares  898 MONRO HIS EXPEDITION IN GERMANY VNDER HIS MAIESTY OF SWEDEN of blessed memory The second Part.  Time Dutch Miles IN Iune 1629. sent from Alzenheur to the Pillo into Spruce first three Companies and then three by water Dayes 4 100 These six Companies did lie a whole yeare in Garrison in Brounesberry in Spruce without hostile Imployment   The thirteenth of August 1630. shipped at the Pillo in Spruce and landed the eighteenth at Rougenvald in hinder Pomeren being at Sea Dayes 5 80 At Rougenvald we lay nine weekes in good quarters   From Rougenvald to Colberg we marched Dayes 2 7 From Colberg we marched to Shevelbeane in the Marck 1 5 From Shevelbeane to Griffenberg in Pomeren Dayes 1 5 From Griffenberg to Primhausen we marched Dayes 2 7 At Primhausen in extreame cold weather we lay in the Fields three weekes   From Primhausen we marched to Statin Dayes 2 9 At Statin we lay Moneths two getting weekly pay   From Statin we marched to new Brandenburg Dayes 3 10 At Brandenburg we rested after the in-taking of the Towne Dayes three   From Brandenburg we marched to Trepto and from thence to Letz in Dayes 2 7 At Letz we rested three dayes and then marched to Damaine 1 1 At Damaine we lay dayes three before the Towne was taken in and marched to Trepto Dayes 2 5 At Trepto we lay three dayes and from thence marched to Malchen in Macklenburg in Dayes 2 6 At Malchen wee remained dayes eight and marched to Fridland in dayes 2 6 At Fridland wee remained dayes eight and marched to Anclam in Dayes 2 6 From Anclam having layn there dayes foure wee marched backe to Fridland in Dayes 2 6 At Fridland wee lay dayes six at our back-comming and then marched unto Swede in Dayes 3 12 At Swede we rested dayes eight and then marched to Francfurt on the Oder in Dayes 5 15 After the in-taking of Francfurt we marched to Lantsberg on the Wart and lay before it dayes eight ere it was taken in dayes 2 9 From Lantsberg we retired to Francfurt backe in Dayes 2 9 At Frankfurt we rested weekes five and then marched to Berlein in the Marke Brandenburg in Dayes 3 11 From Berlein we marched to Spando day 1 4 At Spando wee rested dayes foure and marched then to Spotsdam 1 4 At Spotsdam wee lay dayes tenne and retired to Spando backe 1 4 At Spando againe we lay dayes ten and then marched backe to Berlein 1 4 At Berlein wee lay Dayes foure and then marched to Barno in Dayes 2 9 At Barno we lay Dayes twelve and then marched to old Brandenburg in Dayes 4 15 At old Brandenburg we rested Dayes ten and then marched to Rawtenaw in Dayes 2 5 From Rawtenaw we marched to Tangermond on the Elve in Dayes 2 6 From Tangermond we marched to Verben downe the Elves side in Dayes 2 5 At Verben we lay in Leaguer Weekes five and then marched to Vyttenberg on the Elve in Dayes 6 22 At Vittenberg in Saxon we lay dayes eight and then crossing the Elve marched to Dieben in Dayes 2 5 At Dieben we lay Dayes three and then marched to the place of Battaile called Gods-acre neare Leipsigh in dayes 2 5 From the place of Battaile we marched to Leipsigh 1 2 At Leipsigh we lay Dayes three and then marched backe to Hall in Dayes 2 5 At Hall we rested Dayes nine and then we marched to Ertfurt in Duringland Dayes 3 9 At Ertfurt we lay dayes eight and then marched to Smalka over the Walt in dayes 2 6 From Smalka to Mainigane in Franconia Day 1 3 From Mainigane to Millarstot Day 1 3 From Millarstot to Nistot on the Sale in Franconia Day 1 3. From Nistot to Hammelburg Day 1 3. From Hammelburg to Gemund on the Maine Day 1 3. From Gemund to Carlstot on the Maine Day 1 2. From Carlstot to Vertzburg Day 1 2. From Vertzburg to Oxenford on the Maine in a night 1 4. From Oxenford backe to Vertzburg Day 1 4. At Vertzburg we lay neare five Weekes and then marched downe the Maine to Procelden in Dayes 2 6. From Procelden we marched to Vertzhem Dayes 2 6. From Vertzhem to Miltenburg Dayes 2 6. From Miltenburg to Sultzbach Day 1 4. From Sultzbach to Steinhem Day 1 1. From Steinhem to Offenbach before the Ports of Frankfurt 1 1. From Offenbach the seventeenth of November we marched through Francfurt unto Heghst Day 1 2. At Heghst we rested foure dayes and then crossed the Maine and marched by Darmestot unto the Bergstros towards Oppenhem Sconce Dayes 2 6. At Oppenhem before the Sconce was gotten in we lay in the open fields in extremity of cold and then crossed the Rhine and tooke in Oppenhem Towne and Castle where we rested three Dayes   From Oppenhem we marched to Mentz on the Rhine in dayes 2 5. Before Mentz we lay in extreme cold weather foure dayes in open fields before we got it in and then rested the Army there for ten Weekes   From Mentz we marched neare Frankfurt in day 1 4. From Francfurt we marched to Asschaiffenbourg on the Mâ—iâ—e in day 1 5. From Asschaiffenbourg we marched unto Franconia towards Estenfeld in Day 1 4. From Estenfeld we marched to Lor in Day 1 4. From Lor we marched to Gamund in Day 1 4. From Gamund we marched to Carlstot in day 1 2. From Carlstot we marched to Tettelbach in Franconia in day 1 4. From Tettelbach we marched to Oxenford in day 1 4. From Oxenford we marched to Vintzin in day 1 4. At Vintzin we rested three dayes and then we marched to Volmarsdorffe in day 1 4. From Volmarsdorffe to Furt on the Pegnets in day 1 4. From Furt to Schwabach Day 1 3. At Schwabach we rested two dayes and marched to Weysenburg dayes 2 6. From Weysenburg to Nerling Dayes 2 6. From Nerling to Donavert Day 1 3. At Donavert we lay before it was taken dayes two and rested thereafter dayes three and then crossed the Leacke at Rhine in Day 1 2. From Rhine to Ausburg Day 1 5. From Ausburg to Aichstad in Baviere Day 1 4. From Aichstad towards Engolstat Dayes 2 7. From Engolstat to Gaisenfels Day 1 2. From Gaisenfels in Baviere to Morsburg Day 1 4. At Morsburg we rested foure dayes and from thence to Landshude Day 1 3. From Landshude to
Freisin Day 1 4. From Freisin to Munchen Day 1 4. At Munchen we lay three weekes and then marched backe to Donavert in dayes 4 15. From Donavert backe to Veysenburg Dayes 3 9. From Veysenburg to Furt on the Pegnets Dayes 3 9. At Furt we lay dayes eight and marched then to Lauffe 1 4. From Lauffe to Harsburg in Day 1 4. From Harsburg in the upper Palatinate to Amberg Dayes 2 7. From Amberg backe to Harsburg dayes 2 7. At Harsburg we lay weekes three and then retired to Nurenburg in dayes 2 6. At Nurenburg we lay in Leaguer three Moneths till the succours was come and then we braveerd the Emperiall Leaguer   From Nurenburg to Newstad dayes 2 5. From Newstad to Vintzen dayes 2 6. From Vintzen to Dunkelspeill daies 2 6. From Dunkelspeill to Donavert daies 3 9. From Donavert to Rhine on the Leake day 1 2. From Rhine to Newburg on the Danube day 1 3. From Newburg to Rhine backe day 1 3. From Rhine to Ausburg day 1 5. From Ausburg to Aichstat daies 2 6. From Aichstat to Lantsberg daies 2 7. From Lantsbers to Ausburg daies 2 5. From Ausburg to Rhine backe againe daies 2 5. From Rhine againe to Ausburg day 1 5. At Ausburg the Armie did lie after his Majesties death neare three Moneths without any hostile imploiment   From Ausburg to Vlme in February 1633 we marched daies 3 9. From Vlme to Memming we marched daies 2 6. From Memming to the Passe at Kempten dayes 2 7. From the Passe wee marched backe to Middelhem in Schwabland daies 2 7. From Middelhem to Kauffebeyren we marched daies 2 7. From Kauffbeyren to Kempten we marched day 1 4. From Kempten backe to Pibrach daies 2 7. From Pibrach to Munderkin on the Danube daies 2 6. From Munderkin to Retlingam in Vertenbergland in a night 1 5. From Retlingam to Eslengan day 1 4. From Eslengan to Munderkin backe dayes 2 6. From Munderkin to Pibrach backe dayes 2 6. From Pibrach to Vlme on the Danube dayes 2 6. From Vlme to Donavert being the end of the second part of the Expedition which we marched in dayes 3 9 Summa Dutch Miles of the March made under his Maiesty of Sweden and the Crowne in Germany in foure yeares extends to  779. THE MANNER OF OVR INGAGEMENT WITH HIS MAIESTIE of SVVEDEN in Anno 1629. And of the Colonels Iourney and mine vnto Sweden in Februarie 1630. OVr Regiment thanked of by his Majesty of Denmarke in May 1629. my Colonell being in England I hearing his Majesty of Sweden much ingaged against the Pole in Spruce did stand in great need of a supply of Foot thought then it was a fit time for me being out of service to offer my service unto his Majesty of Sweden whereupon I did direct David Martins Auditor with my letters and warrant to his Majesty to treate with his Majesty for a Commission and money for bringing unto his Matie a Regiment of Foot over which my old Colonell should command His Majesty condescending to my desire dispatcheth my Commissioner backe againe with a Commission and monies to me in the Colonels name and in his absence I did direct as a beginning of the Regiment Fowles Captaine Monro and my owne Captaine being three Companies of the Regiment unto Spruce before the Colonels comming from England and after there were sent unto Spruce three Companies viz. Major Synnots Captaine Bullions and Captaine Lermond's Companies which sixe for that yeare remayned in Garrison in Brownesbery in Spruce other sixe Companies of the old Regiment the Colonell directed from Holland to Sweden in November 1629. where they remained in Garrison till May 1630. when they were sent into Dutchland commanded by the Colonell whose Company was led by Captaine Lieutenant Gunne Lieutenant Colonell Lindesey his Company was led by Lieutenant Pringle Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Moncreife Captaine Ennis and Captaine Beaton made out the other sixe Companies of the Regiment Captaine George Stewart and Captaine Francis Trafford having quit their Companies for their better preferment Captaine Monro of Fowles being advanced to be a Colonell of Foot his brother Hector Monro succeeded as Captaine to his brothers Company which was under me in Spruce thus farre then may suffice for the manner of our Ingagements My Colonell and I having wintered both in Denmarke in February 1630. wee crost the Sound and tooke our Iourney unto Sweden through Skonland In our way wee were nobly and courteously entertained by the Governour of Warden Castle and from thence were mounted with the Governours best Horses being convoyed by his servants till wee entred in Gottenberge where we rested two dayes till the Governour did provide us of Passes guides and horses towards his Majesty then at Stockholme in Sweden where on our journey we did visit that worthy Cavaliere Colonell Alexander Hamilton at his Worke-houses in Vrbowe being then imployed in making of Cannon and fire-workes for his Majesty of Sweden from whence the Colonell did convey us to his Quarter where we were kindly entertained and welcommed by him and his Officers From thence we continued our Iourney and did visit Captaine Sinclaire at his Quarter where wee were well also entertained having stayed with him on Easter Sunday and from thence wee travailed to Stockholme where wee had first the honour of his Majesties presence and conference after kissing of his Majesties hand we tooke our lodgings where we stayed certaine dayes his Majesty being making preparation for the transporting of his Majesties Army unto Dutchland The first Sunday after our comming his Majesty did invite the principall Cavaliers that were in Towne of our Nation for to accompany his Majesty at a Feast appointed in honour of the Order of the Garter where Thirteene Cavaliers of our Nation did sit at his Majesties table and were Royally entertained This Feast past his Majesty having ordered his Foot Army in the Fields after his new order of Discipline of Briggades then first brought in use at which time his Majesty having showen unto my Colonell and his Officers the Order of his Majesties discipline in which Order his Majestie commanded to put my Colonels Regiment which was presently obeyed insomuch that his Majesty was so well pleased with the capacity of my Colonels Souldiers going so orderly and readily to their Duties that his Maiestie did wish in open presence of the Army that all his Foot were so well disciplined as my Colonels Regiment for which his Maiesty would bee content to be indebted of a huge great summe of money and having caused the Regiment march by towards their Quarters his Maiesty did mightily and much praise the Regiment for their good Order saying hee hoped one day to get good service of those men for his monies shortly after this his Maiesty did Ship his Army for Germanie with which my Colonell and his Regiment went also I having gotten his Maiesties Patent over a free Squadron of the Companies that were in Spruce I
all Generals that they make most use in time of desperate service of those that doe best serve them and when once they have experience of their valour they never omit to employ them on the most dangerous exploits and for reward they onely doe commend their valour when others are scarce remembred at all Here also I did see that on hot service nothing can be more comfortable than the getting of a timely reliefe as we did get of the rest of our Regiment for having long smarted under the mercy of Cannon and Musket in hot service so that a Souldier was not able to handle his Musket for feare of burning having shot so oft till his shoulder did ake who can thinke but to such a one a reliefe was welcome truely I thinke no man that hath his foot in the fire but would gladly take it out yet I perswade my selfe there were some here who would suffer to burne before they retired with disgrace or discredit their honour being so deare unto them The best proofes a Souldier can inferre of his valiant courage are his wounds got with credit not running away and the best exhortation a Leader can give common Souldiers is to shew himselfe couragious and then without words with a signe some will follow him in imitating his example Here also I did observe that the Dutch are not the best Souldiers in extremitie of danger though I confesse for the discharge of all dutie otherwise very obedient till it come to extremitie and then commonly they make a Cloake of discontentment and call for money as they did this day Likewise I cannot say but Horse-men are usefull many times as they were here yet in my opinion in their service they are not to be paralleld to foot For at the in-taking of Townes and in hilly and mountainous Countries that are straight by nature they are not usefull neither can they doe but little service yet for their great charges they are much harder to be entertained Therefore my choice shall be ever as most credible to command on foote and if I were worthy to advise a King or a Generall following warres I would wish him to esteeme more of his foot Officers than of his horse then fewer should serve on horsebacke and more on foote and as his Charges should be lesse his profit should be the more his Armie the stronger his Countrey lesse spoyl'd his contribution to maintaine his Armie the better payd his treasure richer his Victories more frequent and more durable his Conquest the better maintained This I dare presume to affirme to be all true out of my little experience and which is more all the time I have served where I have heard one fault imputed to a body of foote I could instance ten defects in our Horsemens service for the worst sort of them being too much given to plowndring makes them neglect their duties which fault also is too Common amongst many of their Leaders though I have knowne some honest men amongst them free from this imputation and for a King or Prince that must defend his Countrie by sea as our noble Mr the King of Dennarke was I would advise him as unprofitable for his service and country not to encertaine strangers in this kinde so being their charges would far surmount the benefit that could redound by their service yet I cannot say but the Rhinegrave his Regiment was the only Regiment under the King at this time that did best service which was ever praise worthy Likewise I have found by experience that those who fight best in occasions have ever the best of it though they chance to suffer losse if it come to a retreat commonly they are most respected and come first off as we did at this time and it is ever better to fight well and to retire timely then for a man to suffer himselfe to be taken prisoner as many were that morning after our retreat and in occasions I rather choose to die honourably then to live and to be prisoner to a churlish fellow that perhaps would keepe me in perpetuall bondage as many brave men are kept or otherwise at my taking to be scurvely used being stript naked by a Villaine and then if I lacked monies about me to be cut and carved and at last poorely put to death being naked without Armes to defend my selfe My advise then is to him that cannot resolve to fight well that he resolve according to his station and charge to be well furnished of money not onely about him but also to have money to the best in a sure place and in sure hands to maintaine him being prisoner and to pay his ransome or otherwise let him resolve to remaine in perpetuall bondage except some noble friend or other have compassion on him Likewise I would advise all worthy Souldiers and Officers going on service if they can never to want some monies about them that if they chance to come as prisoners in undiscreete hands they may cast a bone in the doggs teeth to curry favour of the cruell curre I did also observe here that continency is a vertue very necessary for a Souldier for abstaining from many inordinate appetites that followe his profession that he may the better suffer hunger cold thirst nakednesse travell toyle heate and what else patiently never mutining for any defect for it is the greatest victory we can attaine unto to overcome our selves and our appetites Likewise I did observe that Kings and Generalls are very courteous to Cavaliers while as they stand in neede of their service in making their use of them but the occasion once past oft times they do looke on Cavaliers at a distance as if they had not imployment for them which should teach Cavaliers to take their time with reason of their Masters also and then they might care the lesse for them being strangers or forraigne Kings while as they would disdaine them having still a sure retreate to their owne King and Master Here also I found that a friend in neede was better then gold for had not the Duke of Wymar beene our friend we had bin left behinde at the passe and beene prisoners the next day with the rest of the Army It is therefore ever best to do well come after what may for vertue in despight of envy will not want a reward And a stout Marriner that hath ridden out the storme with losse as we did this day rejoyces in the calme when it comes and he is said to merit the Crowne that hath fought valiantly It is also very necessary that at such service as this was if we have time that we be carefull to bring off our Camerades bodies killed on service that died honourably before their enemies to be laid in the bed of honour in burying their bodies as becomes Christians We are also tied in duety to our Camerades that were with us in danger if either they be wounded or mutilated to care for their safeties so far
till I made them throw fresh water and then it was quenched having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Venice where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty which verifies that fire and water are good servants but evill masters God make us thankefull for this deliverance and from many more since having beene in danger of fire water sword famine pestilence and from the cruelty of our enemies The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten THis Magnanimous King yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet with the hazard of his person landed againe in Holsten his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen of intention there to bring his Army together he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammunition to furnish his Army during that Summer and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard he advanced himselfe with a thousand men to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode a mile from the shore naturally well situated which might be put in defence with little paines to hold up an Army His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment the Boores set to worke I with the English and two Dutch companies were made choise of to Guard his Majestie and the workemen the enemie lying strong with horse and foote within two miles of us The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers by breake of day a Corporall and twelve horsemen of the enemies were sent to try our watch or rather to betray us which were holden up by our outer centry who calling to the Guard the Guard taking Armes I directed a Sergeant and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance and to speake with those horsemen The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong pretended an excuse alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie and then retired whereof incontinent I did informe his Majesty who presently considered he was a spie sent from the enemy before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse and some Dragoniers our intrenchment not ready we draw to Armes his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes and finding his person in danger retired with a few musketiers and leaving me and the English being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe promising to provide me of amunition and to send us reliefe his Majesty thus retired I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres giving him charge if the enemy should advance to discover or recognize then to give fire on them and not otherwise This done the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe and the English were appointed as our reserve to lye at Armes to be in readinesse to second us the enemy finding us provided and their foote not being come up they stand in Battell and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes meaning to come betwixt us and our ships to cut off our retreat but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers they were forced to retire backe with the losse of three horsemen By this time his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome to desire me if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe that I should retire to the Church-yard which was but cold comfort so being his Majesty had no intention to relieve us and consequently at last we should be the enemies prisoners after losing of our Colours which grieved us most But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty that seeing I knew of no reliefe if the enemy pursued us hard I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire behinde us and then commit my selfe and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate rather then to become prisoners to the enemy The Colonell gone we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game doubling our Guards before night and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy his foote not come up and seeing our resolution he retired before night where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us we retired to our ships giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us so soone as they thought we were safely retired Before midnight the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him returned to the Dorpe and the next morning advances towards us till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships In the meane time his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke finishing the Leager and royall Fort in the midest of it whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon the Fort being higher then the Leager did command the fields about which being complete the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland his Majesty having understood that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound The second night after our going away the enemy coming to pursue the Fort the Dutch retire quitting the same and their Cannon also with the losse of fourescore men so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine the Dutch retiring from it unfoughten The foureteenth Observation IT is much to be lamented when Kings or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale suffering it to be overthrowne on the contrary part it is worth much commendation when a King or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body for the safety of his people to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects Therefore men ought to call to minde often the wise counsell of Pericles who said that when the publique state was ruin'd he that lived well at his ease for his owne particular should not escape unruin'd where on the contrary the publique state being well the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner Caesar was of this opinion when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants no man could so well establish his condition as that it could not perish if the publique state were hurt But if the publique state did florish he might helpe and mitigate all the misery of all particular persons And the Emperour Antony called the Debonnaire was of that minde when he tooke away the pensions of some pensioners of the publique that did no service saying there was no people more cruell or more villanous then those that did eate up the publique Would to God this magnanimous King had done so with a number of his Commissaries
with the manner of our hard landing and of our happy successe after landing as likewise disiring to know his Majesties will how I should behave my selfe in those Quarters the Enemy being strong and I very weake his Majesty returned for resolution unto me that I should doe my best to fortifie and beset the passes that were betwixt me and the Enemy and to keepe good watch and good order over the Soldiers and not to suffer them to wrong the Country people whom I should presse to keepe for my Friends This Order being come I begun with the Country Boores first to fortifie the Passages without me and next to make Skonces and Redoubts without the Towne as also to repaire the Fortifications about the Castle and in cleansing of the Mote that it might be deeper of water the other parts also without me I brought under Contribution to his Majestie by sending parties of Dragoniers athwart the Country in Hinder Pomerne betwixt me and Dantsicke being twenty Dutch mile in length which all in short time I did bring under contribution to his Majesty As also the Enemy having had a Magazin of Corne at Rougenvalde and Stolpe by our landing here was made good for his Majesties use and his Army Being thus busied for a few dayes another ship of the same Fleet being long beaten with the tempest at Sea at last was forced for scarcety of victuals to Anker on the same Coast being foure hundred men of Colonel Fretz Rossa his Regiment of Dutch his Lieutenant Colonell called Tisme Howsne did come ashore intreating me to supply him with victuals which I did In the meane time he asked my advice if he might land his Soldiers there I told him I had no counsell to give him seeing there was no necessity of his landing and which was more his Orders were to land at another part so that he had to advise whether he should follow his Orders or for second respects if hee might neglect his Orders so that on all hasards he landed his people also which were quartered with me in the Towne Shortly after he would conrest with me for command which bred a coldnesse betwixt us Whereupon I again advertised his Majestie of our difference defiring his Majesty might dispose of the Command his Majesty offended with the other did send an absolute warrant unto me to command him and the whole Garrison at my pleasure for the well of his Majesties service during our being there where we remained nine weekes fighting and skirmishing with the enemie till Sir Iohn Hepburne with his Regiment was sent by his Excellence the Rex Chancellor from Spruce to relieve us The First Observation HAving thus by the providence of God happily landed againe on the faire fertill and spacious Continent of Dutchland with a handfull of old experimented Soldiers able to endure all misery toile or travell being valourous to undertake any perill or danger they were to be commanded upon being led by such a Generall as GUSTAVUS the Invincible their new Master was under whose command and conduct as their supreame Leader and me as his Majesties and my Colonels inferiour Officer they marched from the Coast of Pomerne out of Rougenvalde through Dutchland unto the foot of the Alpes in Schawbland This City of Rougenvalde in Pomerne lyes midway betwixt Dantsicke and Statine being alike distant twenty Dutch mile from both and is a pleasant seate being one of the Duke of Pomerne his chiefe Residence not distant above one English mile from the Sea it doth abound in Corne Fruit and store Cattell Horses of good breed Fishponds and Parkes for Deere and pastorage whereof it hath enough where we were nobly entertained and kindly welcommed of the inhabitants especially of the Captaine and his civill Bed-fellow to whom under God we were beholden for our fafeties the Remembrance whereof we ate bound never to forget Here I did remarke as wonderfull that in the very moment when our ship did breake on ground there was a Sergeants Wife a shipboard who without the helpe of any women was delivered of a Boy which all the time of the tempest she carefully did preserve and being come ashore the next day she marched neere foure English mile with that in her Armes which was in her Belly the night before and was Christened the next Sunday after Sermon being the day of our thankesgiving for our Deliverance our Preacher Mr. Murdow Mac-kenyee a worthy and Religious yong man having discharged his part that day after with much regrate did sever from us and followed my Lord of Rhee our Colonell unto Britaine Being thus escaped from danger of sea and from our enemies I did keepe the Soldiers ever exercised in watching in working in parties against our enemies lest that resting from Hostile employment they should become seditious immodest and turbulent and to this effect when they were not employed in parties against the enemies I sent them by parties in the Country on Militarie execution to bring the possessors under Contribution to his Majesty making them hate and renounce the Emperialists whom formerly they were forced to obey so that by this meanes the Country was brought into subjection to the King and my Soldiers were put under as good discipline and command as any served his Majesty which discipline made their concinuance the longer in the service where it was rare to finde one Regiment in an Armie that did change so many Officers as they did in foure yeares as the Observations on their duties will cleare to the world in despight of their Enviers whatsoever But I hope no worthy spirit or Hereicke minde will thinke an evill thought of the vertuous We may see here that in the greatest extremities both Officers and Soldiers have greatest need of Courage and Resolution For nothing should seeme hard to daring men that are of courage which never doth beget but the opinion and censure of vertue For we see at this time that to dare was the beginning of victory being better to hazard to save our selves and others then to be the instrument to lose us all by flying as some of our Officers advised me at our landing to march backe to Dantsicke which if we had the enemy getting intelligence he could with ease overtake us and cut us all off as he did some yeeres before cut off in the same Country three Regiments of Dutch who were going to serve his Majesty against the Pole Here also I found by experience that the stedfast and invincible vigour of the minde rising against crosses doth helpe much especially where necessity requireth such resolution For being in the greatest extremity of danger resolving with God I thought as my safest course to bide Gods leysure I sate on the Gallerie of the ship being assured it would be the last part that would remaine together of the whole and being so neere land I was never dejected and cast downe nor did I doubt of our safe landing seeing we had victuals and were in
were carelesse of their dueties were too carefull in making of booty that I did never see Officers lesse obeyed and respected than here for a time till the hight of the market was past and well I know some Regiments had not one man with their Colours till the fury was past and some Colours were lost the whole night till they were restored the next day such disorder was amongst us all occasioned through covetousnesse the roote of all evill and dishonesty At last the execution past his Majesty entred himselfe being guarded with the Rhine-Grave and his horsemen who immediatly were commanded to crosse the bridge and to follow the enemy at their heeles being on flight towards Glogoe where the Felt-marshall Tuffenbacke the Count of Schonberg and Mounte De Cuculé had retired with such as escaped His Majesty having but scarce quartered in the Towne the fire beginning to burne the City accidentally Orders were given with stroake of Drume with a Bancke beaten in all streetes that all Officers and Souldiers under paine of death should repaire presently to their Colours on the other side of the Oder in the outer workes where Sr. Iohn Hepburne was ordained to command within the workes except such as were appointed to guard the Portes of the Towne his Majesties quarter and the Generalls lodging on the market place where a strong guard was kept to suppresse plundering and the insolency of Souldiers Neverthelesse these orders proclaimed and published many disobeyed remaining in the Towne for plundering In this conflict the enemy lost neere three thousand men besides the Officers that were killed viz. foure Colonells Herbenstine Heydo Walestine and Ioure and above thirty six Officers were killed Likewise there were taken prisoners Colonell Sparre with five Lievetenant Colonell of Dutch and one Irish Cavalier that behaved himselfe both honourably and well Colours also they did lose as I did see the next day made Counte of before Generall Bannier forty one and Cornets of horse nine On our side were lost also at least eight hundred men whereof the blew and yellow for their parts lost five hundred His Majesty also did get here a great deale of provision for the Army as Corne Amunition and eighteene peeces of Ordinance The next day his Majesty appointed Generall Major Lesly as Governor over the Towne giving him orders to repaire the ruinous workes and walles as also orders were given for burying of the dead which were not buried fully in six dayes in th' end they were cast by heapes in great ditches above a hundred in every Grave The next day we were ordained to assemble our Regiments and to bring them together in Armes that they might be provided of what they wanted of Armes having lost many in their disorder The eighth Observation HIS Majesty going to rancounter his enemy before his rising from his Royall Leager at Swede did wisely dispose of his Army in making it into Briggads that coming unto the action he should not neede to thinke on the Theorie when it were time to practise as many young Commanders are forced to doe beginning to learne of others that which is defective in themselves who are to be pittied that undertake to leade others being ignorant themselves but this wise Generall at this time did not only order his Army as he would have them to stand in Battaile but also knowing the gifts and severall parts his chiefe Officers of the field were indued with he disposeth of them in appointing such places for them in fighting against their enemies as did best befit their vertues which all he knew before hand partly by his owne experience and partly by enquiring of others their qualities and vertues Secundo his Majesty doth forecast with himselfe what the enemy being strong might intend against him and accordingly he fore-saw wisely how to prevent him in dividing his Army by sending the Felt-marshall on the one side of the Oder with a part of his Army going himselfe on the other leaving the bridge and passage at Swede well fortified and beset with Souldiers to the end that which of both Armies might be constrained to retire over the bridge being safe might then conveniently joyne with the other As his Majesty was wise in fore-seeing what might happen he was also diligent in taking time of his enemies on the sudden before they could come together so that after this victory obtained his Majesty did not only get elbow roome by the enemies removing over the Elve and the Oder but also he did gaine time to settle his affaires with the Princes for those who would not before this victory scarce keepe correspondence with his Majesty afterwards his Majesty having freed their country from their enemies they were then content to intreate for his friendship by their Ambassadours and he like to a cunning gamster taking the Ball at the right rebound embraced their friendship and confederacy having bound them up in a more strict manner then before till in th' end they were forced to dance after his pipe Here likewise I did observe that it is never good to trust too much unto our owne strength as our enemies did who at their banqueting and inter pocula before that the storme went on though hearing the noyse of our Cannon they fell a laughing as wondring what the Swedens meant thought they to fly over the walles and granting he could enter were they not so strong as he Many more idle discourses they had extolling themselves in their pride boasting of their strength and courage not setting God before them they disdained and contemned their enemies but suddenly in an instant they found their owne follies being brought unto feare and astonishment so that at last their wits confounded and consequently their actions confused and their enemies though weake instruments by the power of the God of Armies were made strong and couragious for punishing them in repaying of their former Barbarity and cruelty used by them at new Brandenburg where we see the lord repayeth their wickednesse when they least expected Tiffenbacke the Felt-marshall was much to blame for his command being so strong within the Towne as we were without that he did not adventure to fight us in the fields or at least to have tried our conduct and valour with a strong party his not daring to adventure with us made us the more couragious and resolute to seeke him though with disadvantage having once found him to be a timorous enemy keeping himselfe close within walles for we know well the greater his strength was within if once we entred his confusion would be the greater for a multitude within a strength especially horsemen many servants and baggage breede ever confusion for avoiding whereof the Governour had the more reason to have tried us in the fields whereby he had encouraged his Garrison who seeing he durst adventure to meete us without being retired they would not be afraid within walles So it is never good to resolve to be alwayes the
Graffe of running water and a draw-bridge which was taken up at our coming and then they discharged their Cannon on us where at first there were killed some six Souldiers the night drawing on our watches set forth I was appointed by his Majesty to be Captaine of the watch being ordained to oversee the making of the Batteries As also I was commanded to set forwards our workes both for intrenching and for running our lines of approach to the skonce wherein I was so busied that the whole night I went never off my feete but from one part to another having had sundry Alarums though not of continuance His Majestie having taken quarters in the neerest Dorpe he left two Rutters to attend on me that if the enemy should fall out against us incontinent one of them might be sent to acquaint his Majestie who having rested for that right coming before day to visit the workes and finding them not so farre advanced as he did expect he falls a chiding of me notwithstanding of my diligence used the whole night in keeping the Souldiers still at worke with the small number of materialls we had to worke with But no excuse though true would mitigate his passion till he had first considered on the circumstances and then he was sorry he had offended me without reason But his custome was so that he was worse to be pleased in this kinde than in any other his Commands being ever impatient when workes were not advanced â—o his minde and the truth is our Country Souldiers cannot endure to worke like the Dutch neither when they have taken paines can they worke so formally as others Our batteries being readie against the morning the whole day our Cannon played on the Skonce so fast as they could be charged but to no purpose the earthen wall being so thicke and so well set together that they scorned us and our Cannon both His Majestie seeing nothing to be effectuated this way resolved to try a second way by the advise of the Black-smith that knew all the passages towards the Towne notwithstanding that the whole land on that side was covered over with water This Black-smith advised his Majestie to cause a Float-bridge to be made and then setting over the water he would lead us through shallow passes where we might come behinde the Skonce cutting off their passage from the Towne and then the Skonce wanting reliefe might be ours According to this plot his Majestic commanded Lievetenant Colonell Dowbatle with two hundred and fiftie Dragoniers for foote and me with two hundred and fiftie Musketiers to follow the Black-smith and to surprize the enemies Guard which being done by us we were commanded to make the place good till Colonell Hepburne with a thousand Musketiers should be sent after to second us Dowbatle and I having fortunately surprized the Guard making them retire to the Towne leaving the Skonce in our power Colonell Hepburne being advanced towards the Skonce tooke it in on accord and the Souldiers were made to take service and their Officers made prisoners In this time Dowbatle his Dragoniers having followed the enemy with hot skirmish within shot of their walles his powder being spent desired I should fall on and relieve him and his as I did continuing the service till we made the enemy retire over a bridge that was hard by the Towne so that I was forced for our owne safeties having lost divers Souldiers that were killed with the Cannon to divide my Souldiers making the halfe of them to cast up a running Trench while as the rest were hot skirmishing with the enemy being in danger of both Cannon and Musket but my Souldiers once getting in the ground we fortified our selves against their Cannon and resolved in case of their out falling to maintaine the ground we had formerly wonne with the losse of our bloud having lost in one halfe houre above thirtie Souldiers whereof fix were killed with the Cannon The enemy finding the Skonce was lost and us so farre advanced on the strongest side Feltmarshall Horne with his Forces marching on the other side that was weakest they presently did send a Drummer on our side to parlé for quarters whom I received and being hood-wink't he was sent with a Convoy to his Majestie who condescended to the Treatie and pledges being delivered the Treatie went on the Accord subscribed his Majestie came and thanked Dowbatle and us for our good service where large promises were made unto us of reward and to Colonell Hepburne also for taking in of the Skonce The enemy being strong in the Towne and above twice our strength his Majestie resolved to send to Francford for more Forces both of horse and foote to come to him before the enemy was suffered to march out of the Towne to whom conditions were granted to transport foure pieces of Ordnance and the Souldiers to march out with full Armes bagge and baggage with Drummes beating and flying Colours and a Convoy of Horsemen towards Glogoe His Majestie having beset the Garrison as soone as they marched out having seene their strength we were ashamed of their carriage being the eldest Troopes and the choice by report of the whole Imperiall Armie who cowardly did give over such a strong Towne being without necessitie and in hope of reliefe One of my Captaines called Dumaine having contracted a feaver here before Lansberg being removed to Francford died there and being buried my Lievetenant David Monro was preferred to be Captaine of his Company and Ensigne Burton was made Lievetenant and Bullion his brother having taken his passe my Sergeant Andrew Rosse was made Ensigne to Captaine David and William Bruntfield was preferred to be my Lievetenant and Mongo Gray Ensigne This Towne being taken both Pomeren and the Markes of Brandenburg were cleered of the Emperialists being sent up unto Silesia The next Sabbath his Majestie that was ever ready to reward good servants for vertue he caused to make our guide the Black-smith being a stout fellow and a craftie Burgo-master of the Towne who did get from his Majestie two hundred Duckets besides His Majestie on the Sabbath day in the afternoone suffered the principall Officers of his Armie such as Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtis and divers others to make merry though his Majestie did drinke none himselfe for his custome was never to drinke much but very seldome and upon very rare considerations where sure he had some other plot to effectuate that concerned his advancement and the weale of his State The ninth Observation THis Towne of Lansberg being a Frontier Garrison lying neare the borders of Pole on the Wert the having of it made Pomeren sure and the Marke giving unto his Majestie the freer passage unto Silesia and therefore it was that his Majestie did use the greater diligence and celeritie in obtaining of it with as great honour and reputation as could be imagined in respect of the inequalitie of strength betwixt us and our enemies As also in
being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hephurne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers other Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell Musten Major Monypenney Major Sinclaire and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro with divers others Cavaliers of valour experience and of conduct who thereafter were suddainely advanced unto higher charges The victory being ours we incamped over night on the place of Battaile the living merry and rejoycing though without drinke at the night-wake of their dead Camerades and friends lying then on the ground in the bed of honour being glad the Lord had prolonged their dayes for to discharge the last honourable duty in burying of their Camerades Our bone-fiers were made of the enemies Amunition waggons and Pikes left for want of good fellowes to use them and all this night our brave Camerades the Saxons were making use of their heeles in flying thinking all was lost they made booty of our waggons and goods too good a recompence for Cullions that had left their Duke betrayed their country and the good cause when as strangers were hazarding their lives for their freedomes Our losse this day with the Saxons did not exceede three thousand men which for the most part were killed by the enemies Cannon of principall Officers we lost a number and chiefely our horsemen as Colonell Collenbagh Colonell Hall and Addergest and of the foote Colonells the Barron Tivell being all of them brave and valorous gentlemen we lost also foure Lievetenant Colonells together with a number of Rutmasters Captaines Lievetenants and Ensignes Of the Saxons were lost five Colonells three Lievetenant Colonells with divers Rut-masters and Captaines and of inferiours Officers many To the enemy were lost on the field neere eight thousand besides Officers of note such as the Felt-marshall Fustenberg the Duke of Holsten the Count of Shomeberg old Geuerall Tillie hurt and almost taken a number of other Officers of the Field were killed and taken prisoners They lost also thirty two peeces of Cannon with three score waggons of Amunition and their Generall and Papingham were chased towards Hall and from thence were forced with a small convoy to take their flight for refuge to Hamell on the Waser The sixteenth Observation FIrst then we see here the goodnesse that followes on that laudable and Christian custome used by those that doe first begin the workes of their calling with their true humiliation to God by prayers in acknowledging their sinnes and unworthinesse and in renouncing trust or confidence in any thing but in God alone knowing their owne wisdome strength and valour to be of no moment without the speciall aide and assistance of the Almighty and powerfull God who alone can teach our fingers to fight giving victory with few as with many And therefore it was that this Magnanimous and religious warriour with his whole Army publiquely did call on the Lord praying for his assistance against his enemies and for a happy event of the day before he begun to set his Army to worke against their enemies the enemies of God and the true Catholique and Apostolique faith which they had endeavoured to subvert with the professors of the truth to hold up and maintaine the man of sinne and his erronious doctrine by the power of the house of Austria and of the Catholique League We see then this duty being religiously and piously discharged by his Majesty and his Army the fruite was answerable to their desire having obtained victory over our enemies by the good command of his Majesty and the ready obedience dexterity and valour of his Majesties supreme Officers of the field who in all charges did direct those under them to the ready discharge of their duties every one of
till we were in suretie and by this time being the twenty-sixth of Iune Walenstine being joyned with the Duke of Boviere his Armie they marched towards Nurenberg where they met with Colonell Dowbattle his Dragoniers and with foure Troopes of spare Rutters horsemen which being defeated Colonell Dowbattle was taken prisoner who being a valourous Cavalier of much worth that had behaved himselfe well on many occasions as on this last The report whereof moved Walenstine out of his clemency to set him free within three dayes without ransome and after that they approaching to Nurenberg divers hot skitmishes past betwixt our horsemen and theirs where there was good service done of both parties for their credits in making their first acquaintance they interchanged a number of Bullets welcoming one another unto Nurenberg And on the twenty-eight of Iune they appointed their chiefe Magazine for their Armie to be at Fryenstat in the upper Paltz and on the thirtieth of Iune they came to Schawbach being then fiftie thousand strong of horse and foote we not exceeding sixteene thousand and on the fourth of Iuly they lay downe with their Armie betwixt the River Pegnets and the River Rednets being betwixt our Armie and Franconia from whence our Forces supply and victualls were to come and his Majestie for their welcome the fifth of Iuly did cut off three Troopes of Horse of theirs having got their three Cornets as Bonum omen unto us The thirty-three Observation HIS Majestie having concluded for to stand to the defence of Nurenberg against the strong and mightie Emperiall Armie led by Walenstine and the Duke of Baviere where we have first set before us the reasons of his Majesties Conjunction and Confederacy with Nurenberg against their common enemy First being both of one religion their consciences tied them not to see one anothers hurt or detriment Secondly they saw and considered that the good arising of the union redounded alike to both their wealls Thirdly the feare they had conceived of their owne weakenesse by reason of the enemies strength made them joyne the faster together Fourthly their hatred they bare to the enemies of the Gospell who sought nothing more then their overthrow and ruine made them looke the better unto themselves Fifthly his Majesty stood in neede of the Nurenbergers assistance of men meate and moneyes and they stood in neede of his Majesties concurrence to keepe the overplus of their meanes and the freedome of their consciences to themselves and their posterity by keeping the enemies fury off them All these considered they joyned hand in hand and with one courage they resolved to be enemies to those that were come to be their enemies finding it was lawfull for them before God and the whole world to defend themselves And therefore they prepared for it where at first the Towne of Nurenberg made up twenty foure strong Companies of foote that carried in their Colours the twenty foure letters of the Alphabet which they ordained for a supply for his Majesties Army that their City might be the better watched for they resolved their best remedy against feare was not to feare at all since they had Gustavus and his Fortunes under God for their Leader And therefore they were assured of deliverance from their enemies with the losse of a little mony and the spending of a little provision which they had long kept in store to sustaine them in their necessities having had within their walls to sustaine dayly besides the Army eight hundred thousand soules being no small burthen to a Land-towne Here also we see his Majesties fore-sight in giving a kinde of content unto his Army according to his custome at such times the enemy drawing neere unto him to tie the Souldiers and their Officers to the greater obedience unto his Majesties commandements to undergoe whatsoever he was to command them and for to grieve the enemies by the rumour of monies which then was given out to his Majesties Souldiers the enemies Army might be disbandoned and monies being so rife amongst them to forsake their owne Colours and runne away unto his Majesties Army It must needs have bin an extraordinary great provision that sustained so many soules a day within the City whereunto a great part of the country people Gentry and Boores had runne together for refuge being a great number of people besides the Army which was sustained for three moneths together by the providence of God the Rector and Governour of the world and the Fountaine of all goodnesse this Omnipotent Omniscient and Invincible GOD governing all and over-seeing all by his providence at this time did so direct this people in middest of their troubles that they having recommended themselves and the event of their affaires to this great God they concluded that it was better to prevent then to suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies And therefore they fell to worke in earnest for their owne safeties and the safety of his Majesties Army being under God resolved to protect them The thirty-fourth Duty discharged at Nurenberg and of the occurrences there HIS Majesty having Recognosced the City and situation thereof finding his Forces weake in respect of the enemies he resolved to take all the advantage he could in setting downe his Leaguer for the preservation of his Army and the safety of the City and therefore he caused to draw the draught of the Leaguer to goe in a circular Orbe round the whole City the water running through the middest of it The Leaguer begun at the East without the Suburbes called in Dutch Marke were towards the South to the part called Lightenhooffe where his Majesties quarter was and from thence towards the west to the Townes new workes crossing over the water This Leaguer being accomplished in ten dayes and in full defence with strong Skonces Redoutes Fossies batteries and being well fortified round with Stakkets without the Fossie and at all sorting Ports being well foreseene with slaught homes and triangles well fastened and close His Majesty then upon the North fide of the City made the retrenchment goe likewise round the City being also well fortified with strong Skonces and Fossies from the East unto the West beginning at the Marke Flect Were and going round the Inden boole even to St. Iohn and the water closed Above the water on the hight was made a great Skonce and another great Skonce was made in the corner at Gostenhooffe with deepe water graffes having workes without it againe and halfe moones also before Steeneboole over against Schwonnaw there was another Skonce fast and strong Likewise at the backe of the Dorpe Steeneboole towards the Leaguer there was another strong Skonce made likewise towards the wood at the South on the street called Rottenbacherstreete there was made an extraordinary strong Skonce set about with foure crossed Stakkets of strong timber so that there was no meanes to storme it the like was made on the streete called Altoffer streete These workes Skonces and Redoutes