with the manner of our hard landing and of our happy successe after landing as likewise disiring to know his Majesties will how I should behave my selfe in those Quarters the Enemy being strong and I very weake his Majesty returned for resolution unto me that I should doe my best to fortifie and beset the passes that were betwixt me and the Enemy and to keepe good watch and good order over the Soldiers and not to suffer them to wrong the Country people whom I should presse to keepe for my Friends This Order being come I begun with the Country Boores first to fortifie the Passages without me and next to make Skonces and Redoubts without the Towne as also to repaire the Fortifications about the Castle and in cleansing of the Mote that it might be deeper of water the other parts also without me I brought under Contribution to his Majestie by sending parties of Dragoniers athwart the Country in Hinder Pomerne betwixt me and Dantsicke being twenty Dutch mile in length which all in short time I did bring under contribution to his Majesty As also the Enemy having had a Magazin of Corne at Rougenvalde and Stolpe by our landing here was made good for his Majesties use and his Army Being thus busied for a few dayes another ship of the same Fleet being long beaten with the tempest at Sea at last was forced for scarcety of victuals to Anker on the same Coast being foure hundred men of Colonel Fretz Rossa his Regiment of Dutch his Lieutenant Colonell called Tisme Howsne did come ashore intreating me to supply him with victuals which I did In the meane time he asked my advice if he might land his Soldiers there I told him I had no counsell to give him seeing there was no necessity of his landing and which was more his Orders were to land at another part so that he had to advise whether he should follow his Orders or for second respects if hee might neglect his Orders so that on all hasards he landed his people also which were quartered with me in the Towne Shortly after he would conrest with me for command which bred a coldnesse betwixt us Whereupon I again advertised his Majestie of our difference defiring his Majesty might dispose of the Command his Majesty offended with the other did send an absolute warrant unto me to command him and the whole Garrison at my pleasure for the well of his Majesties service during our being there where we remained nine weekes fighting and skirmishing with the enemie till Sir Iohn Hepburne with his Regiment was sent by his Excellence the Rex Chancellor from Spruce to relieve us The First Observation HAving thus by the providence of God happily landed againe on the faire fertill and spacious Continent of Dutchland with a handfull of old experimented Soldiers able to endure all misery toile or travell being valourous to undertake any perill or danger they were to be commanded upon being led by such a Generall as GUSTAVUS the Invincible their new Master was under whose command and conduct as their supreame Leader and me as his Majesties and my Colonels inferiour Officer they marched from the Coast of Pomerne out of Rougenvalde through Dutchland unto the foot of the Alpes in Schawbland This City of Rougenvalde in Pomerne lyes midway betwixt Dantsicke and Statine being alike distant twenty Dutch mile from both and is a pleasant seate being one of the Duke of Pomerne his chiefe Residence not distant above one English mile from the Sea it doth abound in Corne Fruit and store Cattell Horses of good breed Fishponds and Parkes for Deere and pastorage whereof it hath enough where we were nobly entertained and kindly welcommed of the inhabitants especially of the Captaine and his civill Bed-fellow to whom under God we were beholden for our fafeties the Remembrance whereof we ate bound never to forget Here I did remarke as wonderfull that in the very moment when our ship did breake on ground there was a Sergeants Wife a shipboard who without the helpe of any women was delivered of a Boy which all the time of the tempest she carefully did preserve and being come ashore the next day she marched neere foure English mile with that in her Armes which was in her Belly the night before and was Christened the next Sunday after Sermon being the day of our thankesgiving for our Deliverance our Preacher Mr. Murdow Mac-kenyee a worthy and Religious yong man having discharged his part that day after with much regrate did sever from us and followed my Lord of Rhee our Colonell unto Britaine Being thus escaped from danger of sea and from our enemies I did keepe the Soldiers ever exercised in watching in working in parties against our enemies lest that resting from Hostile employment they should become seditious immodest and turbulent and to this effect when they were not employed in parties against the enemies I sent them by parties in the Country on Militarie execution to bring the possessors under Contribution to his Majesty making them hate and renounce the Emperialists whom formerly they were forced to obey so that by this meanes the Country was brought into subjection to the King and my Soldiers were put under as good discipline and command as any served his Majesty which discipline made their concinuance the longer in the service where it was rare to finde one Regiment in an Armie that did change so many Officers as they did in foure yeares as the Observations on their duties will cleare to the world in despight of their Enviers whatsoever But I hope no worthy spirit or Hereicke minde will thinke an evill thought of the vertuous We may see here that in the greatest extremities both Officers and Soldiers have greatest need of Courage and Resolution For nothing should seeme hard to daring men that are of courage which never doth beget but the opinion and censure of vertue For we see at this time that to dare was the beginning of victory being better to hazard to save our selves and others then to be the instrument to lose us all by flying as some of our Officers advised me at our landing to march backe to Dantsicke which if we had the enemy getting intelligence he could with ease overtake us and cut us all off as he did some yeeres before cut off in the same Country three Regiments of Dutch who were going to serve his Majesty against the Pole Here also I found by experience that the stedfast and invincible vigour of the minde rising against crosses doth helpe much especially where necessity requireth such resolution For being in the greatest extremity of danger resolving with God I thought as my safest course to bide Gods leysure I sate on the Gallerie of the ship being assured it would be the last part that would remaine together of the whole and being so neere land I was never dejected and cast downe nor did I doubt of our safe landing seeing we had victuals and were in
humble friends not as servant under command and he ought by all meanes eschewe to come in question or publique hearing with his Officers the onely meanes to make himselfe famous and his Regiment of long continuance The third dutie discharged of our March from the Waser towards Bysenbourg on the Elve HAving thus remained the space of ten weekes under the command of Generall Morgan on the Waser side we got orders to breake up and to continue out march over the Elve under Hamburgh and from thence toward Bysenbourg Skonce to joyne with the rest of our Regiment the Colonell and Lievetenant Colonell being absent Major Iames Dumbar commanded then in chiefe receiving all necessaries fitting for our march as ammunition proviant and waggons for our baggage our sicke souldiers being cared for were left behinde and we brake up from the Waser the tenth of Iuly 1627. a Regiment of Horse being commanded with us for our Convoy to the Elve the first night we quartered at Rottenburg a strong passe having a great Marrish on both sides accessible onely by one narrow causey which leades through the marrish to the Castell which is well fensed on both sides with Moates Drawbridges and slaught bomes without all The next day our march continuing in the morning our fore-troopes having gotten Alarum retired on us whereupon we drawing into Battaile resolved to fight and provided our selves accordingly for the enemies comming which being found but a false conception nothing followed on it but the continuance of our march without further interruption The next night we lying in Quarters our Guards orderly disposed before day we had another Alarum our duety duely discharged of all both horse and foote if the enemie had come we were provided But the Alarum proving false we brake up continuing our march toward Buckstehood appointed for our first Randez-vouz where we were commanded to send to his Majestie at Stoade for receiving of further Orders and a company of Horse being directed with me for my convoy I was made choise of to go to his Majesty for bringing Orders unto the Regiment His Majesty being absent Orders were given to me by a Generall Commissary to continue our march thorough Buckstehood and to quarter over night in the old land by the Elve side till the next day we should crosse the River of the Elve at Blanckeneas and from thence to march by Hamburgh through their Territories and passe towards Lovenburgh where we quartered a mile from it continuing our march the next morning towards Bysenburgh where we quartered in the fields for five nights till we knew of his Majesties further resolution The third Observation ALl marches are occasioned by the accidents of the warfare The reason of this march was the enemies Army drawing strong to a head in Luniburgh land of intention to force a passage over the Elve to come the easier to Holsten his Majestie being weake of foote in this quarter having no great feare of his enemie on the Waser where we lay before we were therefore called to joyne with the rest of our Regiment at Bysenburgh Another reason of this march was the Kings forces in Silesia being also weake of Foote standing in great neede of a timely supply we being able to endure a long march his Majesty resolved after besetting well the passe on the Elve to send us for a supplie unto the Silesian Armie Neverthelesse many times we see in warres though things be long advised on and prosecuted after advise duely yet the event doth not alwayes answer to mans conjectures For it is a true old saying Man proposeth but God disposeth A Commander having the charge of a Regiment or partie on a march ought in all respects to be as carefull and diligent as a Generall that leads an Army being subject to the like inconvenience of fortune Wherefore he ought to be well provided of all things fitting for his march that in time of Rancounter with the enemy he might the better discharge his duty especially being provided with good store of Ammunition both for the mouth and service with sufficient fix Armes He ought also for his march ever to have good intelligence lest his enemie should circumvent him He ought also to order his march according to the countries scituation he marches thorough appointing his Randez-vouz nightly short or long as his Quarters may fall in best security He ought also to keepe his Officers and Souldiers in continuall good order of discipline without suffering the one or the other to fall off from their Stations without great and urgent occasions and if any of them chance to fall off he is obliged to foresee to their timely returnes Likewise he ought not in any manner of way suffer violence to be used to Boores or strangers in his march and if such doth happen he is obliged to do justice to all and to see examplarie punishment done to terrifie others from the like He ought also to be carefull to give none under his command just occasion of complaint for want of their dues either in quarters or in distributing of their victualls according to their strengths He ought also on his march to be provident in causing to bring their Proviant timely to their Randevouz or Hawlts seeing it to be rightly distributed for avoiding of contentions happening most commonly at such times Also he must foresee before he makes a hawlt that the ground be convenient where he drawes up whether he be in feare of an enemie or not and at such times he must be carefull that centries be duly placed at all parts needefull and that no man be suffered to wander or go astray from the haulting part for feare he be to seeke when occasion should present either to breake up to march or otherwise in case of Alarum to have his Officers or souldiers wandering while as the enemie should charge were a grosse error Likewise he ought to be of strict command and authority to punish those that on a march leave their Armes behind them or that are carelesse in keeping their Armes both fix and cleane In quartering either in village field or Citie he must give orders for his posts to keepe Guards upon and he ought himselfe to recognize all avenues and inquire of the knowne countrimen the passes whereby his enemies may come unto him and of the distance he is from his enemy he must also direct parties on all quarters of Horsemen to get intelligence and Conschaift of his enemie lest unawares he should be surprised Likewise at his upbreaking from quarters he should take notice of all complaints and do justice accordingly And he should have a speciall care of the sicke either to transport them or to foresee for their good usage in case necessitie or weakenesse force him to leave them behind He ought also to foresee before he march for his Guides and to give charge to keepe them from running away and he ought to learne of the guide the inconveniences on the way
this time in Sweden Leefland and Spruce Iames Seaton Colonell to foote of Swedes Colonell Kinninmond Colonell to foote of Swedes since dead Colonell Thomson Colonell to foote of Swedes since dead Colonell Scot Cloonell to foote of Finnes since dead William Cunninghame Colonell to foote of Scots in Spruce Francis Ruthven Colonell to foote of Dutch in Spruce Sir Iohn Meldrum Colonell in Spruce to foote Lievetenant Colonells who served then whereof since some have beene advanced Thomas Hume of Carolside Lievetenant Colonell of Horse since a Colonell in France Lievetenant Colonell Dowglas since a Colonell of Horse in Germany under the Swede Henry Muschamp Lievetenant Colonell since was a Colonell and was slaine at Nerling Alexander Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote Alexander Cunninghame Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote Lievetenant Colonell Vavazer since a Colonell to foote William Gunne Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote of Dutch Iohn Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since Colonell to foote of Scots Lievetenant Colonell Finnesse Forbesse since a Colonell Alexander Forbesse called the Bald Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell Robert Stewart Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell Hector Monro Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell and being made Knight Baronet died at Hamburg and was buried at Buckstehood in the Oldland on the Elve Sir George Dowglas Lievetenant Colonell Lievetenant Colonells since Ambassadour for his Majesty of Great Britaine in Spruce died in Germany and was transported and buried in Scotland George Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since Colonell Iohn Lindesey of Bainshow Lievetenant Colonell since slaine at Newbrandenburg Lievetenant Colonell Monypenny Lievtenant Colonell to horse Alexander Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Bavier Iohn Sinclaire Lievetenant Colonell was slaine at Newmarke William Stewart Lievetenant Colonell succeeded to Sinclaire Henry Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell to Lesly the younger William Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell to Horse Iames Henderson Lievetenant Colonell to Foote Sir Arthur Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote was slaine in combat neere Hamburg Robert Weere Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Saxony Iohn Lyell Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iames Dickson Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in the Paltz Sandelens Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in the Paltz William Borthwicke Lievetenant Colonell to foote Macdowgall Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Schwabland Iames Hepburne Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in France Robert Hannan Lievetenant Colonell to foote died in Alsas Iohn Monro Lievetenant Colonell to foote Robert Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell to foote William Herring Lievetenant Colonell to foote Sir Iames Cunninghame Lievetenant Colonell to foote William Spence Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iohn Ennis Lievetenant Colonell to foote Poytaghee Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iohn Forbesse of Tullough Lievetenant Colonell was slaine at Nerling George Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote Alexander Hay Lievetenant Colonell of Dragoniers David Leslie Lievetenant Colonell to Horse Iames Drummond Lievetenant Colonell to horse Kinninmond the elder Lievetenant Colonell to foote Kinninmond the younger Lievetenant Colonell to foote Francis Sinclaire Lievetenant Colonell to foote Gordon Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote of Dutch under the Crowne of Sweden Iohn Henderson Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell under the Emperour William Troope Lievetenant Colonell slaine in the Paltz Potley Lievetenant Colonell to foote under Sir George Fleetwood Arthur Mon-gorge Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iames Mongomry Lievetenant Colonell slaine in combat Scots Majors Major Ruthven slaine at Nerling Major Mill. Major Cunninghame Major Iohn Forbesse Major David King slaine at Nerling Major Bodwell slaine at Wertzburg Major Mackenyee since Generall adjutant under the Felt-marshall Lesly Major Sidserfe slaine at Nerling Major David Monro Major William Falconer Major Francis Sinclaire Major William Keith Major Sanderson Major William Bruntfield died of his wounds at Buckstehoode in the Oldland Diverse Captaines and inferiour Officers of the Nation followed the Army being in charge whom J omit out of this List MONRO HIS EXPEDITION JN GERMANY The first Part.  Moneths Weekes Dayes Dutch Miles TVesday the tenth of October 1626. from Cromartie in Scotland to Lugstad on the selve by Sea Dayes 5 300 Wee wintered in Holstein in good Quarters Moneths 6  From Lugstad on the Elve we marched to the Weser streame above Bremen Dayes 4 12 On the Weser streame we remained weekes Ten. 10  The tenth of Iuly 1627. we marched from the Weser to Bucstihoode Dayes 3 12 From the Oldland we crossed the Elve at Blanckenesse and continued our Expedition to Beysenburg on the Elve in Mechlenburg Dayes 3 10 At Beysenburg we rested Dayes five 5  From Beysenburg to Rapin in the Marke of Brandenburg we marched Dayes 6 18 At Rapin we rested daye Eight 8  From Rapin we retired to the Isle of Poole on the Baltique Coast having marchea Dayes 6 28 At Poole Leaguer we rested five weekes   From Poole by water to Heligenhoven Dayes 2 40 From Heligenhoven we marched to Oldenburg Day 1 3 At Oldenburg we were dayes three 3  From Oldenburg we retired in a night 1 3 From Heligenhoven on the Coast of Holsten to Flensborre by water Dayes 2 40 From Flensborre to Assens in Denmarke by water Dayes 5 50 Having arrived in Funeland in Denmarke we were quartered in Denmarke till we went to Trailsound being Eight Moneths 8  From Assens in Funeland we marched unto Lowland and crossed the Palt twice being on the March Dayes 5 14 Having arrived at Marbo in Lowland we quartered our Companies in Marbo Rubie and in Nicoppen where we lay in good Quarters foure Moneths   From Marbo we marched to Rubie in a Day 1 4 We lay three dayes and nights in extremity of cold weather in open Boats before Rubie attending a faire winde and in the end were forced to land and march a Day backe 1 4 The sixt of Aprill we marched to Rubie againe in one Day 1 4 From Rubie we sayled to Feamer and landed in a Day 1 16 From Feamer to Aikel-ford by water alongst the Coast of Holsten in one Day 1 16 From Aikel-ford againe being shipped we sayled alongst the coast before Kyel in one Day 1 18 From Kyel we returned by water unto Grottenbrodde in Holsten Dayes 2 34 At Grottenbrodde in Holsten we lay weekes three where we did worke and complete a Royall Leaguer and a Fort within it   From Feamer to Rubie by water we sayled backe unto Lowland 1 16 From Rubie to our Quarters in Marbo and Nicoppen where we lay weekes six in good Quarters 1 4 From Lowland to Alzenheur in Denmark we marched through Falster and Zealand Dayes 4 18 From Alzenheur we sayled unto Trailsound in Pomeren 2 60 At Trailsound being beleaguered we lay seven weekes where we had great paines and sustained great losse   From Trailsound we marched unto Wolgast Dayes 2 6 At Wolgast wee remained dayes Ten.   From Wolgast we sayled to Copmanhagen Dayes 2 60 At Copmanhagen in Denmark the Regiment was made complete againe and wee were
quartered in good Quarters during Eight Moneths without any hostile Imployment being treating for a peace   In Aprill 22. wee shipped at Malmee in Skonland in Denmarke and sayled unto Holsten towards the Isle of Angle in dayes 3 60 We lay at Angle in Holsten till the Peace was concluded in the latter end of May 1629. that we were thanked of or dismissed by his Majestie of Denmark and were shipped againe from Holsten to Alzenheur being by water Dayes 3 60 Summa Miles by water and land travelled under his Majestie of Denmark in three yeares  898 MONRO HIS EXPEDITION IN GERMANY VNDER HIS MAIESTY OF SWEDEN of blessed memory The second Part.  Time Dutch Miles IN Iune 1629. sent from Alzenheur to the Pillo into Spruce first three Companies and then three by water Dayes 4 100 These six Companies did lie a whole yeare in Garrison in Brounesberry in Spruce without hostile Imployment   The thirteenth of August 1630. shipped at the Pillo in Spruce and landed the eighteenth at Rougenvald in hinder Pomeren being at Sea Dayes 5 80 At Rougenvald we lay nine weekes in good quarters   From Rougenvald to Colberg we marched Dayes 2 7 From Colberg we marched to Shevelbeane in the Marck 1 5 From Shevelbeane to Griffenberg in Pomeren Dayes 1 5 From Griffenberg to Primhausen we marched Dayes 2 7 At Primhausen in extreame cold weather we lay in the Fields three weekes   From Primhausen we marched to Statin Dayes 2 9 At Statin we lay Moneths two getting weekly pay   From Statin we marched to new Brandenburg Dayes 3 10 At Brandenburg we rested after the in-taking of the Towne Dayes three   From Brandenburg we marched to Trepto and from thence to Letz in Dayes 2 7 At Letz we rested three dayes and then marched to Damaine 1 1 At Damaine we lay dayes three before the Towne was taken in and marched to Trepto Dayes 2 5 At Trepto we lay three dayes and from thence marched to Malchen in Macklenburg in Dayes 2 6 At Malchen wee remained dayes eight and marched to Fridland in dayes 2 6 At Fridland wee remained dayes eight and marched to Anclam in Dayes 2 6 From Anclam having layn there dayes foure wee marched backe to Fridland in Dayes 2 6 At Fridland wee lay dayes six at our back-comming and then marched unto Swede in Dayes 3 12 At Swede we rested dayes eight and then marched to Francfurt on the Oder in Dayes 5 15 After the in-taking of Francfurt we marched to Lantsberg on the Wart and lay before it dayes eight ere it was taken in dayes 2 9 From Lantsberg we retired to Francfurt backe in Dayes 2 9 At Frankfurt we rested weekes five and then marched to Berlein in the Marke Brandenburg in Dayes 3 11 From Berlein we marched to Spando day 1 4 At Spando wee rested dayes foure and marched then to Spotsdam 1 4 At Spotsdam wee lay dayes tenne and retired to Spando backe 1 4 At Spando againe we lay dayes ten and then marched backe to Berlein 1 4 At Berlein wee lay Dayes foure and then marched to Barno in Dayes 2 9 At Barno we lay Dayes twelve and then marched to old Brandenburg in Dayes 4 15 At old Brandenburg we rested Dayes ten and then marched to Rawtenaw in Dayes 2 5 From Rawtenaw we marched to Tangermond on the Elve in Dayes 2 6 From Tangermond we marched to Verben downe the Elves side in Dayes 2 5 At Verben we lay in Leaguer Weekes five and then marched to Vyttenberg on the Elve in Dayes 6 22 At Vittenberg in Saxon we lay dayes eight and then crossing the Elve marched to Dieben in Dayes 2 5 At Dieben we lay Dayes three and then marched to the place of Battaile called Gods-acre neare Leipsigh in dayes 2 5 From the place of Battaile we marched to Leipsigh 1 2 At Leipsigh we lay Dayes three and then marched backe to Hall in Dayes 2 5 At Hall we rested Dayes nine and then we marched to Ertfurt in Duringland Dayes 3 9 At Ertfurt we lay dayes eight and then marched to Smalka over the Walt in dayes 2 6 From Smalka to Mainigane in Franconia Day 1 3 From Mainigane to Millarstot Day 1 3 From Millarstot to Nistot on the Sale in Franconia Day 1 3. From Nistot to Hammelburg Day 1 3. From Hammelburg to Gemund on the Maine Day 1 3. From Gemund to Carlstot on the Maine Day 1 2. From Carlstot to Vertzburg Day 1 2. From Vertzburg to Oxenford on the Maine in a night 1 4. From Oxenford backe to Vertzburg Day 1 4. At Vertzburg we lay neare five Weekes and then marched downe the Maine to Procelden in Dayes 2 6. From Procelden we marched to Vertzhem Dayes 2 6. From Vertzhem to Miltenburg Dayes 2 6. From Miltenburg to Sultzbach Day 1 4. From Sultzbach to Steinhem Day 1 1. From Steinhem to Offenbach before the Ports of Frankfurt 1 1. From Offenbach the seventeenth of November we marched through Francfurt unto Heghst Day 1 2. At Heghst we rested foure dayes and then crossed the Maine and marched by Darmestot unto the Bergstros towards Oppenhem Sconce Dayes 2 6. At Oppenhem before the Sconce was gotten in we lay in the open fields in extremity of cold and then crossed the Rhine and tooke in Oppenhem Towne and Castle where we rested three Dayes   From Oppenhem we marched to Mentz on the Rhine in dayes 2 5. Before Mentz we lay in extreme cold weather foure dayes in open fields before we got it in and then rested the Army there for ten Weekes   From Mentz we marched neare Frankfurt in day 1 4. From Francfurt we marched to Asschaiffenbourg on the Mâ—iâ—e in day 1 5. From Asschaiffenbourg we marched unto Franconia towards Estenfeld in Day 1 4. From Estenfeld we marched to Lor in Day 1 4. From Lor we marched to Gamund in Day 1 4. From Gamund we marched to Carlstot in day 1 2. From Carlstot we marched to Tettelbach in Franconia in day 1 4. From Tettelbach we marched to Oxenford in day 1 4. From Oxenford we marched to Vintzin in day 1 4. At Vintzin we rested three dayes and then we marched to Volmarsdorffe in day 1 4. From Volmarsdorffe to Furt on the Pegnets in day 1 4. From Furt to Schwabach Day 1 3. At Schwabach we rested two dayes and marched to Weysenburg dayes 2 6. From Weysenburg to Nerling Dayes 2 6. From Nerling to Donavert Day 1 3. At Donavert we lay before it was taken dayes two and rested thereafter dayes three and then crossed the Leacke at Rhine in Day 1 2. From Rhine to Ausburg Day 1 5. From Ausburg to Aichstad in Baviere Day 1 4. From Aichstad towards Engolstat Dayes 2 7. From Engolstat to Gaisenfels Day 1 2. From Gaisenfels in Baviere to Morsburg Day 1 4. At Morsburg we rested foure dayes and from thence to Landshude Day 1 3. From Landshude to
defender but rather according to the time and circumstances sometimes to try Fortune as well by pursuing as by defending that our credit may not be called in question neither for too much slownesse nor for too much forwardnesse but still to presse for the Medioerity being the true vertue of Fortitude without which no Souldier can attaine commendation if he doe participate of either extreames as this Felt-marshall did staying within walles Yet some I know will object that I ought rather to praise the actions of the enemy to make ours the more glorious to which I answer ours at all times as here were so splendid that no Lustre could be added unto them our Leader Gustavus being Illustrissimus himselfe and the favourite of Fortune to whom all things succeeded fortunatly by taking of time the most pretious of all things especially in warres which sometimes helpes as much as vertue it selfe The forwardnesse and courage of Major Iohn Sinclaire and of his Colleague Lievetenant Heatlie is not to be over-past they being the first gave good example to enter this Towne in going over the walles with ladders with a weake party of fifty musketiers that ventured to follow them which were hardly received by the enemies horsemen neverthelesse they valorously defended themselves and made their enemies to retire with losse so that as my intention here is not to over-praise my friends vertue I would not on the other part be filent in giving them their due answerable to their merits and no more We see also by experience dayly that at all times as here no man ever served God for nought who rewardeth men though not through merit in respect of his God-head of whom we can merit nothing yet of his infinit bounty is ever ready to reward them truely that doe serve him his Majesty with his Army having served God in the morning at night he was made victorious over his enemies And that his Majesty in the afternoone on the Sabboth pursued his enemies there was a necessity in it Generall Tillies Army being on their march for the reliefe of the Towne his Majesty was forced to take the opportunity of time which once being past doth never returne Here we may see the evill that seare bringeth within a City or Strength causing disorder and confusion but if all those within this Towne had stood to their defence as Lievetenant Colonell Butler did and the Irish Francford had not bin taken Therefore when resistance is not made as it ought to be the victory is easily attained for nothing encourageth more then good example Et contra And I did observe here that no nation esteemed good Souldiers are inferiour to the Dutch in maintaining a storme or in extremity of danger they being otherwise good Souldiers for obedience to command in watches marches working about workes and in doing all other dueties befitting their profession being in company of others Pike-men being resolute men shall be ever my choyce in going on execution as also in retiring honourably with disadvantage from an enemy especially against horsemen and we see oftimes as we found here that when musketiers doe disbandon of greedinesse to make booty the worthy pike-men remaine standing firme with their Officers guarding them and their Colours as being worthy the glorious name of brave Souldiers preferring vertue before the love of gold that vanisheth while vertue remaineth This vice of avarice is alike common to the superiour Officer and to the inferiour Souldier which oftimes makes the superiour to be despised as well by the common Souldier as by his betters And therefore publique imployments of command should never be given to such greedy persons for as sparing in a private person is commendable being done without hurt to another even so the vertue of liberality is due to him that is publiquely imployed as also he ought to have splendor in his carriage and not to give evill example to others his inferiours if once he be honoured with command in leading of others I must then againe condemne this kinde of avarice that makes men for booty abandon their Colours and their duety they being the cause of times of the overthrow of their worthy Camerades standing to fight when they were employed in making of booty for which many time they are contemned and their money taken from them by the multitude with disgrace and danger of their lives for though sometimes they make booty they have not the fortune to enjoy it one quarter of an houre thanking God to be rid of it with their lives though not with their credits It is the duety of valiant Commanders and of brave Souldiers when ever fire entreth into a City strength or Leager suddenly with their Armes to repaire to their Colours lest at such times the enemy being neere hand should be ready to take advantage but here the baser sort of Souldiers neither for obedience to his Majesties command nor for love of their Officers nor of their owne credits would stirre to attend their Colours though the enemy had shewed himselfe to pursue the City Here also the enemy was to blame for leaving provision and Amunition behinde them whose duety it was rather to destroy it by fire or water then to leave it to their enemies But we see there is no counsell against the Lord invented by man able to worke blessed be his name for ever The ninth Dutie discharged of the intaking of Laudsberg on the Wert by accord THE fifth of Aprill 1631. his Majesty having left Francford on the Oder well beset under the command of Generall Major Lesly who had direction to see the fortifications repaired as likewise Generall Bannier was left to command over the Army his Majesty having taken two and twenty hundred commanded musketiers eight hundred horsemen twelve peece of Cannon great and small with Amunition answerable with spades shovels and axes where the Colonell of the Artillery called Leonard Richardson was commanded to goe with them for to attend his charge As also Colonell Hepburne was commanded to leade the party and I was sent as Lievetenant Colonell to second him in this employment Colonell Hepburne having viewed the party and taken notice that all things were in good order commanded the party to march having had a blacke-smith that dwel't at Landsberg for our guide we continued our march the first day being come within foure miles of the Towne we quartered at a passe on the high way and the next morning breaking up we marched forwards till on the way our fore troopes did meete with a Regiment of Crabbats where after long skirmish and losse sustained by both the parties in th' end the Colonell that led the Crabbats being deadly wounded retired to the Towne casting off all bridges behinde them which hindered us for a day The eight of Aprill we lay downe before a skonce royall built on a strong passe betwixt us and the Towne This skonce well fortified was well provided of Cannon It had also a wide
one of the Duke of Brandenburgs hunting houses and from thence we marched to Berlin where his Majestie was Royally entertained by the Duke and that his Majestie might thinke he was welcome after the feast the Castle of Spandaw was delivered in his Majestie custodie where incontinent Colonell Axellilly with foure hundred Swedes were left in Garrison being a strength one of the fastest in Germanie fortified well with Fossées and Countersharpes of free stone and an earthen wall above having one hundred and fiftie pieces of Cannon on it and Armes for twentie thousand foote and horse with Amunition answerable Provided also sufficiently with store of victualls for an Armie of ten thousand men for a long space and though the Garrison were Swedes they were sworne to obey the Duke and his Majestie was obliged by his Royall word past to the Duke to restore it againe when ever the Duke desired to have it if the Duke of Saxony should not joyne with his Majestie against the Emperour The third day after the agreement the whole Armie brake up and marched to another passe three miles from Spandaw called Spotsdamme where we lay not intrencht the space of ten dayes till his Majesties Ambassadours were returned from the Duke of Saxon with an answer that the Duke would not assist his Majestie for the reliefe of Madeburg neither yet would the Duke grant to his Majestie free passage through his Country which was the losse of many poore soules within Madeburg being cut off by the crueltie of Generall Tillies Armie having surprized the Towne that was never taken before sparing neither man woman nor childe but putting all alike cruelly to death and in the end the Towne was burnt downe which was occasioned by the breach of the Dukes promise in not assisting his Majestie of Sweden being on his march to relieve it His Majestie not assured of the Duke of Brandenburg behinde him our Armie turning faces about we marched backe to Spandaw and lay downe in the Fields in order of Battaile where we remained certaine dayes till such time as it behoved his Majestie for keeping of his Royall word to restore backe to the Duke the Castle of Spandaw and his Majesties Garrison being brought out it was manned againe by the Dukes Forces The castle restored his Majesty was so incensed against the Duke though his owne brother in law that he sware to take in Berlin which was the Dukes residence as also he was resolved to take the Duke prisoner except he would joyne in confederacy with him without the Duke of Saxon whereupon our Army did breake up and marched towards Berlin in hostile manner and lying downe before it the Duke not able to resist entred in a Treaty with his Majesty and to move his Majesty the more the Dutchesse and her mother with a traine of Great Ladies came to the fields to entertaine his Majesty with offering in the Dukes name all due respect to his Majesty and promising all things should be done by the Duke what his Majesty would desire To which his Majesty answered merrily that if the Duke would not end with him friendly before night he would send the Dutchesse and all the Ladies prisoners to Sweden and the Duke should follow Incontinent the treaty begun the Duke getting short time to resolve was forced to end with his Majesty and to joyne in confederacie with him offensive and defensive against the Emperour and that without the Saxons consent and in the treaty it was concluded the Duke should give a great supply of men monies and Artillery to his Majesty for the advanceing of the warres besides the ordinary inquartering of his Majesties Army and the paiments of the monethly contribution out of the Dukes lands was also agreed upon and Commissioners were appointed for the ingathering of the first tearmes contribution during which collection his Majesties Army was laid in quarters to refresh them till his Majesty should retire from Statin being gone thither to give presence to the Russian Ambassadour and his Majesty being returned from Statin the twenty ninth of Iune he quartered in my quarters in Barnow where we had orders given us to be in readinesse to march to old Brandenburg on the first of Iuly The tenth Observation HIS Majesty could never be assured of the Princes friendship till first he had forced their enemies to give ground being made to leave behind them Pomeren Maclenburg and the three markes of Brandenburg without any Emperiall Garrison except one was left in Gripswald but so soone as the Duke of Brandenburg did see the enemy retiring and his Majesty prevailing he then begun to enter in treaty and to give his Majesty assurance of his loyall friendship by subscribing of certaine Articles condescended upon betwixt them at Barleene in Iune 1631. On this march though short we had many variable resolutions and changes which wëre caused by the changable accidents happening in the course of this warre which made his Majesties resolutions to vary as the time changed sometimes through feare of his strong enemy sometimes by suspecting the Princes who were also affrighted and feared being astonished in their mindes they were not able to discerne what was most profitable for them so that their doubting and feare suffered them not to hazard any notable thing in assisting his Majesty against their common enemy but still lingred to joyne with his Majesty expecting the enemy would prevaile and then they would joyne with the Master of the fields as ordinarily is done over all Dutchland in all degrees from the highest to the lowest they wagge as the bush doth resolving ever to quit their best friends in adversity Here we see the inconstancy of the Dukes friendship that will not be friends as well in adversity as in prosperity for when fortune favours us all the world would seme to laugh on us but when we are but once kik'tin the heele with any malignant chance of misfortune then our supposed friends fly from us at a farre distance while they see us like to be tossed by the Tempest of adversity But as soone as they see the Tempest over-past and fortune beginning to smile on us againe then begin they as the Princes did to returne and to defire to be made partakers of our good fortunes though they had no minde to taste of the bitter cup of his Majesties adversity but once seeing the sweete commodity of the peace which they their country and subjects did reape by his Majesties valour with the hazard of his person and the lives of many Cavaliers who followed him then their enemies being farre removed from them they desire his Majesty for their Admirall to attend when he makes saile having seene he did valiantly ride out the storme promising againe when his sailes were full to bide by him and to follow him till death should sunder them But if they had bin generously minded they had imbraced the danger and taken part with his Majesty when honour was to be
going in their best Apparell and Armes to be painted where nothing was defective the eye could behold This shew seene by his Majestie and his Officers his Majestie returning the Duke with his followers did convey his Majestie to the sight of our Armie which being called to their Armes having lyen over-night on a parcell of plowd ground they were so dusty they looked out like Kitchin-servants with their uncleanely Rags within which were hidden couragious hearts being old experimented blades which for the most part had overcome by custome the toyle of warres yet these Saxons gentry in their bravery did judge of us and ours according to our out-sides thinking but little of us neverthelesse we thought not the worse of our selves The ceremony past we were all remitted to take rest for that night in our former quarters the next morning by breake of day we were called up to march where both our Armies were ordained to march on severall streets one Randezvouz being appointed for us at night within a mile and a halfe of the enemies Armie where being come to our Randezvouz by foure a clocke in the after-noone and drawne up in battaile our guards drawne out to watch were directed to their Postes and then we resting by our Armes as we were in battaile we slept lying where we stood that in case of a Alarum we were not to be found in disorder being ready to fight where we stood Immediately after the Armie was setled in Quarters newes was come to his Majestie in poste that the Castle of Leipsigh was given over by accord to the enemy As also that Generall Tilly with a mightie and strong Armie was come a mile from Leipsigh and was preparing for a Fight which newes did no wayes alter his Majesties countenance being resolved before for the like to have sought him to Fight So that being both willing and so neare it was easie bringing them together our baggage was appointed to goe backe to Diben our horse and foote watches were strengthened and we were in readinesse and refreshing first our bodies with victualls we slept till the next morning The fifteenth Observation NOthing earthly is more pleasant to be seene than to see brethren in Christ conjoyned against Gods enemies for advancing of the glory of God in promoting of his Gospell and for setting at libertie those poore soules our brethren in Christ that were kept long under the yoke and tyranny of the house of Austria and the Catholique League their mortall enemies Who would not then for their liberties that were banished that they might one day retire to their possessions who would not I say be willing yea more who would not rejoyce having such a Leader as Gustavus was to hazard their lives for the weale of the publique yea more for the promoting of Christs Gospell Surely for mine owne part I was most willing and wished long to have seene a day wherein I might hazard my life in this quarrell in being one of the number of Fighters before I did come at it for many reasons but especially for the libertie of the daughter of our dread Soveraigne the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Princely Issue next for the libertie of our distressed brethren in Christ and thirdly for my better instruction in the profession of Armes which is my calling for having before seene many occurrences that did belong to our Calling I longed to have seene a Battaile fought in the Fields in such a quarrell being led by such a magnanimous King of Heroick spirit that had much more on hazard that day than I had who had onely to hazard but my life and credit while as he a King was to hazard his life his Crowne his reputation and all for strangers Having thus the night before meditated I found a motion rejoycing my heart in making mee resolute to fight in this Cause being tied in dutie not onely for my person but also tied to give Counsaile and direction as the Lord did enable mee by giving instruction good heartning and good example to others who were bound to follow mee as I was bound to follow my Master the King seeing the Lord by his providence had brought mee thither with a number of my friends to follow and obey him as they were bound by oath to obey mee And then I thought with my selfe after I had awaked from sleepe going on to march that my life was much like a tale and that we should not care how long this life of ours should last but that wee should bee carefull how well our life should bee acted for it is no matter where wee end if wee end well and we should not aske when or where but we ought to bee ever mindfull how wee are prepared going to fight Nature did beget us miserable we live over-burthened with cares and like a flower wee vanish soone away and dye Our hunting then here and our care should bee onely for a perpetuall good name to leave behind us that so being absent wee are present and being dead wee live The sixteenth Duty discharged on our Fight at Leipsigh AS the Larke begunne to peepe the seventh of September 1631. having stood all night in battaile a mile from Tillies Armie in the morning the Trumpets sound to horse the Drummes calling to March being at our Armes and in readinesse having before meditated in the night and resolved with our Consciences we begunne the morning with offering our soules and bodies as living Sacrifices unto God with Confession of our sinnes lifting up our hearts and hands to Heaven we begged for reconciliation in Christ by our publique prayers and secret sighes and groanes recommending our selves the successe and event of the day unto God our Father in Christ which done by us all we marched forwards in Gods name a little and then halted againe till the whole Armie both the Dukes and Ours were put in good Order our Armie marching on the right hand and the Dukes on the left our commanded Musketeres marching in the Van-Guarde being in one bodie before the Armie consisting of three Regiments whereof two of Scotts and one Dutch all Musketieres led by three Scotts Colonels men of valour and courage fit for the Commaund concredited unto them being made choice of as men that could fight Exemplarie to others viz. Sir Iames Ramsey called the Blacke Sir Iohn Hamilton and Robert Monro Baron of Fowles we marched thus both the Armies in Battaile Horse foote and Artillerie till about nine of the Clocke in the morning wee halted halfe a mile distant from the Emperiall Armie that were attending us in Battaile consisting of fortie foure thousand men horse and foote our Armie consisting of thirtie thousand men whereof to my judgement His Majesties Armie were eight thousand foote and seven thousand horse The Duke also would be eleven thousand foote and foure thousand horse having refreshed our selves with victuals leaving our Coaches behind us The whole Armie did get greene Branches on their heads
taken by storme of hand And therefore for sparing of their Citie they promised his Majestie for keeping good order threescore thousand Dollers Likewise I did observe by Axallillies losse of his legge that many times hurt comes to men in that kinde as a presage of worldly lucke in getting as they say something to the sore foote for he before this being but meane in estate and employment was afterwards made rich by governements Divers others I could instance under our Armie were advanced to riches after receiving of meane hurts and on meane occasions of service as this was being but a looker on But for me let me have health and glad povertie with credit for riches I desire not if that I may have more of credit than others and that shall be my prayer to keepe my minde in an invincible place that externall things move me not neither would I suffer fortune to be able with her threatnings to pierce me having tryed sharper that could not dare Let us then be content with our lot and though the meanes we should live on be detained from us yet let us wrong no body by oppression in conquering by unlawfull meanes and doubtlesse the Lord will conserve our healths and sustaine our bodies with sufficiency and so being honest we neede never be ashamed to be thought poore in mens esteeme being rich in Christ Here also I did observe that oftentimes those that durst not lift up their beads in time of danger doe often better speed and thrive in worldly things than those that merit the best as was seene on those Briggads entred first into Mentz that did get both Prisoners and spoyle with the best Quarters when others that deserved better were worse quartered in emptie houses while as other Colonells and Souldiers of farre lesse deserving were making up of estates for their posteritie in better Quarters within the Paltz and Franckonie But on the contrary valourous men their labours and travells ought to be rewarded with honour and profit by those they did truely serve For if great undertakings in this kinde before Townes in extremitie of danger were nobly recompenced with great rewards that would incourage men againe to refuse nothing to be undertaken that was honourable and on the contrary nothing discontents worthy men more than to be rewarded like Cowards and those that stood out the danger like those that durst not lift head when the storme blew and when the hope of reward is the comfort of mens labours than all toyle seemes to be easie and it is a hard thing when the diligent and industrious is disappointed of his hyre and when he is rewarded with injury who did merit well this of all evills is most unsufferable when he must suffer losse that expected helpe for on the contrary it were more just that notable vertues should be notably rewarded with badges of honour to make all others treade in the glorious path of vertue and well-doing The twenty-fifth Dutie discharged of my March with a partie to the Mosell WHile we lay at Mentz his Majestie having heard that the Spaniard had set over a strong Armie at Spier of intention to fall on the Rhinegrave his Regiment of horse lying in the hinder Paltz betwixt Bachrach and the Mosell who having no foote forces with him his Majestie made choice of me to be sent unto him with a partie of five hundred commanded Musketiers for to assist him in maintaining the Garrisons in those parts from the incursion of the Spaniard and his Majestie hearing of the Queenes coming towards Francford leaving orders with Duke Barnard of Wymar then Governour of Mentz and commander over the Armie in his Majesties absence to direct me away with the partie to the Rhinegrave his Majestie being gone I was sent for by the Duke to receive my Orders which were I should receive five hundred commanded Musketiers with sufficient victualls and Amunition and then to ship them at Mentz and to goe downe the Rhine towards Bachrach and there to send to the Rhinegrave for further orders but before my departing I took orders in writ from the Duke how to carry my selfe in obeying of the Rhinegrave his commands and immediately I went and received the partie being in readinesse on the market-place with Proviant and Amunition for the voyage and being shipt we went downe the Rhine towards Bingen on the Noe that runs by Creutznach through the Paltz into the Rhine at Bingen where Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment did lie in Garrison out of which there went with me of that Regiment a Captaine with a hundred Musketiers being shipped we continued our course towards Bachrach where being landed I desired from the Governour being a Captaine under the Red Regiment Quarters for my Souldiers till I got orders whether to march but the Captaine being discourteous closed the Ports using us unfriendly whereupon I desired to be let in to speake with him which being granted for me alone I entered and having spoke with the Captaine was refused of Quarters and of Proviant for my Souldiers whereupon I retired forth the Ports being closed againe I made our Souldiers make good fires of the driest wood without the Towne whereof there was no scareitie and being darke the Towne lying alongst the River we getting intelligence there was a water-gate where there stood a Centry I tooke a small Boat and two Officers with me and entering the sallying Port the Centry suspecting no enemy we tooke him off swearing if he cryed we would kill him and bringing him to our Guard left him to their keeping and immediately I went in at the sallying Port accompanied with my Officers and some Musketiers and having set a Guard at the Port we went to the Captaines quarter and tooke in his lodging where we made good cheare jeering the Captaine till he was contented to send forth abundance of victuals for the whole party to make good quarters for our whole Officers within the Towne where they did get both meat money and beside I made all the Dorpes that were without the Towne belonging to it to pay a contribution of money to me my Officers for keeping good order which we did to repay the Captaines unthankfulnesse The next day leaving the partie to make good cheare I went to the Rhinegrave to receive his Commands who directed me to march to a Dorpe within two miles of Coblentz and to quarter there till further Orders I retired to the partie and forcing the Captaine to send fiftie Musketiers with me wee followed our Orders and quartered within two miles of Coblentz The Rhinegrave having gotten intelligence where some of the Spaniards did lie in quarters with his Regiment falling into their quarters he did defeat two Regiments of them that were come over the Mosell before the Armie The next day he advertised me he was to advance with his Regiment towards Spier neere the Mosell to attend the enemies coming and if he were distressed he would advertise
with booty After his Majesties death we see the alteration of time did give greater advantage unto our enemies for while as our Army lay idle the whole winter at Ausburg the enemy was gathering his forces and we losing time neglected our duty having lost our Head and Leader when we ought rather to have followed our enemies with fire sword spoile and slaughter till we had subdued them than to have suffered the enemy before our noses to have taken from us that which we by his Majesties good conduct had conquered before So that we see it is vicissitude that maintaines the world and as one scale is not alwayes in depression nor the other lifted ever higher even so like unto the alternate wave of the Beame we were at this time with both our Armies kept ever in the play of motion The fourty-two Duty of our March through Schwabland under the Alpes to our Leaguer at Donavert being the end of my Expedition with the Regiment HAving joyned with the Felt-marshall at Vlme we crossed the Danube and quartered over-night in the Earldome of Kirkberg being Generall Major Ruthven his lands disposed unto him by his Majesty for good service and hearing the enemies Army were at Memming within six miles of us we advanced the next morning towards them with a resolution to beate them backe unto Bavier being almost equall with them in Strength we continued our march with extreme cold till the second night that we quartered in a great Dorpe a mile from the enemy so that in the night fire entring in our quarter with difficulty we saved our Amunition and Artillery having lost many Horses and the most part of the Armies Baggage Notwistanding whereof we marched the next day towards Memming and before our coming the enemy having strongly beset the Towne he marched away two miles from the Towne thinking to ingage us with the Towne that he might returne againe with advantage to releeve it seeing we had not time to intrench our selves he being then so neere But we finde at our coming the enemy was gone we drew up in battaile within reach of Cannon to the Towne where they saluted us with Cannon till it drew neere night and then leaving strong watches before the Towne for feare of out-falling laying our watches to keepe them in we quartred over-night in Dorps attending the up coming of our Baggage being scarce of victualls and without forrage but such as we brought with us The next morning our baggage being come and hearing the enemy was within two miles of us leaving a strong hinder-halt to keepe in the Garrison we marched with the rest of the Army after the enemy where before night our fore-troopes did skirmish together and we having the best of it the enemy was forced to leave a strong Reare-guard of Horse and Dragoniers making the rest of his Army to march away unto a passe beside Kempten being a strong streight Passe the country being streight and hilly full of woods very commodious for Ambuscadoes so that we could not march to them but in order of Battaile our fore-troopes of horse and Dragoniers advancing softly on the enemy being forced to recognize still before them till at last they charged their horse-watches which being beaten by ours we did get three Cornets from them where incontinent Major Sidsersse with Ramseys Musketiers fell on their Dragoniers and skirmished with them till they were forced to retire and being darke our Army having set out their horse and foote watches before them they stoode the whole night in battaile till it was day and the enemy being gone in the night the way thwart and deepe some of his Cannon being left behinde were buried burning their Carriages with their waggons as they did breake making them unprofitable for us We continued our march in the morning minding to attrap them so that by midday they having turned their Cannon on the Passe towards us they forced our Army to stand without reach of their Cannon trying on both hands of the Passe to win through but in vaine seeing there was no passage neere hand but at that one place where we did cannonade one against another for two dayes till the enemy retired their Cannon wiâ—hin Kempten and the rest of their Army unto Bavier having crost both the Leake and the Eler againe The enemy being gone we retired for want of victualls and forrage the country being spoyled we were forced to over-see the beleaguering of Memming for that time passing by it towards Mendelheim where we rested two dayes and then marched on Kauffbier where in two dayes we forced the Garrison to a composition being content to march away without Armes getting a Convoy to Landsberg on the Leake The weather being extremely cold under the snowy Alpes we refreshed our Army three dayes at Kauffbier and the fourth day marched towards the Eler where the water being small we made a bridge of our small Cannon with their Carrage being placed two and two alongst the River at an equall distance of eight foote asunder where we layd over Deales betwixt the Cannon passing over our whole Infantry alongst the bridge which being past and the Deales taken off the horses spanned before the Cannon led them away after the Army And quartering that night in the fields the next morning we beleaguered Kempten Having battered hard for three dayes to gether with Cannon at last the breach being made and the Towne almost brought to an Accord having lost divers Souldiers and Officers before it hearing the Duke of Bavier his Army was crost the Leake againe at Landsberg having gotten a strong supply and being made certaine they were to march unto the Duke of Vertenbergs Land the Felt-marshall after great paines taken was forced to quit Kempten and to march with the Army to be before them in Vertenberg The Dukes Army on their march by the way tooke in a Castle besides Koffbier where Captaine Bruntfield and Quarter-master Sandelens were taken Prisoners and were sent to be kept at Lindaw As also in their by-going they tooke in Koffbier and continued their march alongst the Eler till they crossed with their Army at Brandenburg we lying that night with our Army within a mile of them The next day we strived who might passe the Danube first for going to Vertenberg where it was our Fottune to get betwixt them and the passe having line at Monderkine while as they had crossed a mile below us on the River Which when we understood by our intelligence of their being so neere incontinent the Felt-marshall caused our Arâ—illery and foote to march over in the night so that before day our Army advanced towards the Passe leaving Dragoniers behinde us to burne and to cast off the Bridge But the Bridge was no sooner set on fire but the enemies fore-troopes did drive our Dragoniers after us they coming up full Squadrons of horse and foote driving up our Reare consisting of three Regiments of horse Colonell Daggenfield
all Generals that they make most use in time of desperate service of those that doe best serve them and when once they have experience of their valour they never omit to employ them on the most dangerous exploits and for reward they onely doe commend their valour when others are scarce remembred at all Here also I did see that on hot service nothing can be more comfortable than the getting of a timely reliefe as we did get of the rest of our Regiment for having long smarted under the mercy of Cannon and Musket in hot service so that a Souldier was not able to handle his Musket for feare of burning having shot so oft till his shoulder did ake who can thinke but to such a one a reliefe was welcome truely I thinke no man that hath his foot in the fire but would gladly take it out yet I perswade my selfe there were some here who would suffer to burne before they retired with disgrace or discredit their honour being so deare unto them The best proofes a Souldier can inferre of his valiant courage are his wounds got with credit not running away and the best exhortation a Leader can give common Souldiers is to shew himselfe couragious and then without words with a signe some will follow him in imitating his example Here also I did observe that the Dutch are not the best Souldiers in extremitie of danger though I confesse for the discharge of all dutie otherwise very obedient till it come to extremitie and then commonly they make a Cloake of discontentment and call for money as they did this day Likewise I cannot say but Horse-men are usefull many times as they were here yet in my opinion in their service they are not to be paralleld to foot For at the in-taking of Townes and in hilly and mountainous Countries that are straight by nature they are not usefull neither can they doe but little service yet for their great charges they are much harder to be entertained Therefore my choice shall be ever as most credible to command on foote and if I were worthy to advise a King or a Generall following warres I would wish him to esteeme more of his foot Officers than of his horse then fewer should serve on horsebacke and more on foote and as his Charges should be lesse his profit should be the more his Armie the stronger his Countrey lesse spoyl'd his contribution to maintaine his Armie the better payd his treasure richer his Victories more frequent and more durable his Conquest the better maintained This I dare presume to affirme to be all true out of my little experience and which is more all the time I have served where I have heard one fault imputed to a body of foote I could instance ten defects in our Horsemens service for the worst sort of them being too much given to plowndring makes them neglect their duties which fault also is too Common amongst many of their Leaders though I have knowne some honest men amongst them free from this imputation and for a King or Prince that must defend his Countrie by sea as our noble Mr the King of Dennarke was I would advise him as unprofitable for his service and country not to encertaine strangers in this kinde so being their charges would far surmount the benefit that could redound by their service yet I cannot say but the Rhinegrave his Regiment was the only Regiment under the King at this time that did best service which was ever praise worthy Likewise I have found by experience that those who fight best in occasions have ever the best of it though they chance to suffer losse if it come to a retreat commonly they are most respected and come first off as we did at this time and it is ever better to fight well and to retire timely then for a man to suffer himselfe to be taken prisoner as many were that morning after our retreat and in occasions I rather choose to die honourably then to live and to be prisoner to a churlish fellow that perhaps would keepe me in perpetuall bondage as many brave men are kept or otherwise at my taking to be scurvely used being stript naked by a Villaine and then if I lacked monies about me to be cut and carved and at last poorely put to death being naked without Armes to defend my selfe My advise then is to him that cannot resolve to fight well that he resolve according to his station and charge to be well furnished of money not onely about him but also to have money to the best in a sure place and in sure hands to maintaine him being prisoner and to pay his ransome or otherwise let him resolve to remaine in perpetuall bondage except some noble friend or other have compassion on him Likewise I would advise all worthy Souldiers and Officers going on service if they can never to want some monies about them that if they chance to come as prisoners in undiscreete hands they may cast a bone in the doggs teeth to curry favour of the cruell curre I did also observe here that continency is a vertue very necessary for a Souldier for abstaining from many inordinate appetites that followe his profession that he may the better suffer hunger cold thirst nakednesse travell toyle heate and what else patiently never mutining for any defect for it is the greatest victory we can attaine unto to overcome our selves and our appetites Likewise I did observe that Kings and Generalls are very courteous to Cavaliers while as they stand in neede of their service in making their use of them but the occasion once past oft times they do looke on Cavaliers at a distance as if they had not imployment for them which should teach Cavaliers to take their time with reason of their Masters also and then they might care the lesse for them being strangers or forraigne Kings while as they would disdaine them having still a sure retreate to their owne King and Master Here also I found that a friend in neede was better then gold for had not the Duke of Wymar beene our friend we had bin left behinde at the passe and beene prisoners the next day with the rest of the Army It is therefore ever best to do well come after what may for vertue in despight of envy will not want a reward And a stout Marriner that hath ridden out the storme with losse as we did this day rejoyces in the calme when it comes and he is said to merit the Crowne that hath fought valiantly It is also very necessary that at such service as this was if we have time that we be carefull to bring off our Camerades bodies killed on service that died honourably before their enemies to be laid in the bed of honour in burying their bodies as becomes Christians We are also tied in duety to our Camerades that were with us in danger if either they be wounded or mutilated to care for their safeties so far
though the world should turne to nothing Here we see this magnanimous King his estate falling for his love to his Niece the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Children seeing her baninished from her Kingdome by the sword of her enemies he hazards the losse of his Crowne and person to get her restored bringing the sword of his enemies within his owne Countrey fortune having crossed him abroad yet for all this this Magnanimous King was not dejected but with a couragious resolution makes use of the time retiring to one corner of his Kingdome to prevent the losse of the whole being naturally fortified with a broad graffe as the Isle of Britaine being strong of shipping having his Majestie of Britaine to friend and the Estates of the united Provinces he was carelesse of the Emperours forces by Sea or Land not being able to harme his Majestie more than they did By this example we may see what advantage our Soveraigne the Kings Majestie of great Britaine hath over all forraigne Kings in Europe through the scituation of his Dominions being mightie in power of men shipping and money is able to make warre abroad where he pleaseth and to make a safe Retreat when he pleaseth being Master at Sea as he can easily be terrifying his enemies with one Armie abroad and a strong Armie at Sea he can offend whom he will and retire when he list forcing all Europe to be in feare of him and his Majestie in feare of none but of the King of Kings The Lord therefore preserve his Majestie his Children and Subjects from the power of forraigne enemies and I wish a great part of my friends and Country-men were so farre addicted to seeke the restitution of her Majestie of Bohemia and her Royall Issue as I am the warres then should never end till they were restored and I avenged of my friends bloud and mine owne shed in the quarrell Here also I did observe his Majesties circumspection in preventing the Emperialists in coming by water unto his Kingdome having beset all Finland with strong Garrisons of Horse and Foote which kept strong guards and good watch by night and by day at such places on the Coast as was most in danger of the enemies over-setting till in the end the enemy was forced to retire his Armie leaving but a few men in Garrison in the Townes which lay on the Coast which Garrisons his Majestie with shipping did often visite to their great hurt with strong parties retiring againe having done his exployt at his pleasure in safetie This Magnanimous King to my knowledge deserved to have been worthily thought of and well spoken of for his noble enterprizing of the warre being Leader and Generall in so good a cause And though the successe was not answerable I dare be bold to affirme it was none of his Majesties fault for his Majestie not onely bestowed much in advancing of it but also did hazard himselfe and his Crowne in maintaining of it Neverthelesse there are alwayes some Cynicks that doe barke at his Majesties proceedings without reason where we may see that no man no nor Kings themselves can escape the lash of censure and none can eschew to be traduced by the ignominious aspersions of the malevolent tongue Therefore it is good to doe well and then we need not care what is said except the sayer put his name to his assertion and then he may be made to foote his Boule in maintaining of it or unworthily to refuse it Here also I did observe that no Armour nor passe could remove the Generalls feare for having once imagined the enemies over-coming he was never fully setled till he was safe a ship-board And therefore I did see at this time that verified that when man distrusteth God it is then just with God to leave man to himselfe for after our Retreat being on the Roade the Generall being thronged in his owne Ship could not command a Ship to transport his servants till I forced a Ship for his Excellencies service which should teach all men in Authoritie while they have command to command with discretion lest the wheele should turne and then they should be beholding to those whom before they commanded Here also I did see mutinous Souldiers well rewarded and it may be sooner than they thought for the day before those that call'd for money when they were commanded to goe on service the next day I being a Ship-board did see them turne slaves unto their enemies being taken prisoners robbed both of Cloaths and money and kept long in bondage being forced to serve against their Conscience such was their folly in calling for money when it was no time to tell it Having at this time left our horses and baggage to our enemies I observed somewhat on the love of men to those beasts and the love of beasts to their Masters as worth the noting to confirme the kindnesse that should be entertained amongst Christians and men of one profession my brother Obstell of worthy memory had a Horse of our owne Country-breed that was so familiarly acquainted with his Souldiers and with the noise and touch of Drumme that the whole day on our march when his Master went a foote he unled followed the Drumme a little aside from the Company halting when they halted and moving when they moved fast or slow Another Horse I left that being in Wismer Leager having rode out one day to a wood halfe a mile from the Leager to cause to cut timber leaving my Horse standing alone and my Cloake on my Saddle a Rutter coming by unknowne to me and my fellowes steales my Horse away who finding himselfe in strangers hands skips loose and runs to our Leager being chas't and hunted at by more than a hundred Horsemen out-runs them all unto the trenches and running through the Leager stands before my Tent my Camerades wondering what became of mee thinking I had been killed by the Horsemen come and make search for me and finding me tell me of my Horse These beasts I have remembred for their love for which I will set downe some particulars concerning the addresse fidelitie and bountie of some Horses whereof I have formerly read Plinie protests their prayses cannot be expressed We reade of the Numidians that were so much redoubted of the Romanes that in their warres they would at spurres runne their Horses in middest of their enemies without a bridle to governe them In the Battaile of Cannes Hanniball returning the next day on the place of Battaile to looke more narrowly to the place a Romane Knight halfe dead hearing the noise of people lifted up his head of purpose to have spokē but his voice failing died with the last gaspe by Hanniball there roade a Numidian on that dead Knights Horse who knowing his Master begun to move his eares to bray and to leape and rebound with such fury till he casts the Numidian to ground runnes through the dead bodies and stands before his dead Master and leaning
till I made them throw fresh water and then it was quenched having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Venice where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty which verifies that fire and water are good servants but evill masters God make us thankefull for this deliverance and from many more since having beene in danger of fire water sword famine pestilence and from the cruelty of our enemies The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten THis Magnanimous King yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet with the hazard of his person landed againe in Holsten his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen of intention there to bring his Army together he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammunition to furnish his Army during that Summer and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard he advanced himselfe with a thousand men to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode a mile from the shore naturally well situated which might be put in defence with little paines to hold up an Army His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment the Boores set to worke I with the English and two Dutch companies were made choise of to Guard his Majestie and the workemen the enemie lying strong with horse and foote within two miles of us The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers by breake of day a Corporall and twelve horsemen of the enemies were sent to try our watch or rather to betray us which were holden up by our outer centry who calling to the Guard the Guard taking Armes I directed a Sergeant and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance and to speake with those horsemen The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong pretended an excuse alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie and then retired whereof incontinent I did informe his Majesty who presently considered he was a spie sent from the enemy before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse and some Dragoniers our intrenchment not ready we draw to Armes his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes and finding his person in danger retired with a few musketiers and leaving me and the English being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe promising to provide me of amunition and to send us reliefe his Majesty thus retired I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres giving him charge if the enemy should advance to discover or recognize then to give fire on them and not otherwise This done the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe and the English were appointed as our reserve to lye at Armes to be in readinesse to second us the enemy finding us provided and their foote not being come up they stand in Battell and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes meaning to come betwixt us and our ships to cut off our retreat but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers they were forced to retire backe with the losse of three horsemen By this time his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome to desire me if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe that I should retire to the Church-yard which was but cold comfort so being his Majesty had no intention to relieve us and consequently at last we should be the enemies prisoners after losing of our Colours which grieved us most But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty that seeing I knew of no reliefe if the enemy pursued us hard I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire behinde us and then commit my selfe and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate rather then to become prisoners to the enemy The Colonell gone we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game doubling our Guards before night and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy his foote not come up and seeing our resolution he retired before night where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us we retired to our ships giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us so soone as they thought we were safely retired Before midnight the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him returned to the Dorpe and the next morning advances towards us till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships In the meane time his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke finishing the Leager and royall Fort in the midest of it whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon the Fort being higher then the Leager did command the fields about which being complete the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland his Majesty having understood that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound The second night after our going away the enemy coming to pursue the Fort the Dutch retire quitting the same and their Cannon also with the losse of fourescore men so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine the Dutch retiring from it unfoughten The foureteenth Observation IT is much to be lamented when Kings or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale suffering it to be overthrowne on the contrary part it is worth much commendation when a King or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body for the safety of his people to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects Therefore men ought to call to minde often the wise counsell of Pericles who said that when the publique state was ruin'd he that lived well at his ease for his owne particular should not escape unruin'd where on the contrary the publique state being well the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner Caesar was of this opinion when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants no man could so well establish his condition as that it could not perish if the publique state were hurt But if the publique state did florish he might helpe and mitigate all the misery of all particular persons And the Emperour Antony called the Debonnaire was of that minde when he tooke away the pensions of some pensioners of the publique that did no service saying there was no people more cruell or more villanous then those that did eate up the publique Would to God this magnanimous King had done so with a number of his Commissaries
a fresh reliefe coming to us led by Lievetenant Andrew Stewart a valorous gentleman and of good conduct Brother to the noble Earle of Traquare I did exhort them en passant to carry themselves well they answered me cheerefully as became resolute Souldiers who were desirous to vindicate their camerades bloud against their enemies the reliefe being come the service went on a fresh on both sides the enemy storming againe with the third reliefe which continued so long till a number of our Officers more were killed and hurt as Lievetenant Stewart Ensigne Seaton Ensigne Ennis Captaine Armes Andrew Monro and divers more were hurt During this time our Lievetenant Colonell was busied within the Towne in commanding the reliefes and in sending orders to the other Poasts to looke unto themselves who would not misse one man to succour or helpe us in our greatest neede Notwithstanding that the whole force of the enemies was imployed against us alone The second reliefe that came to our Poast was led by Colonell Frettz newly come to Towne with some Swedens who though not admitted to Command out of his generositie being accompanied with his Lievetenant Colonell Mac-Dougall and his Major called Semple with fourescore Musketiers voluntarily did come to succour and helpe our Nation who at his first coming received deaths wounds whereof he died shortly after His Lievetenant Colonell also was taken prisoner and was missing for six moneths we not knowing whither he was dead or alive The Major also was killed instantly at his first coming to service so that the last time and on the last storme by the breake of day the enemy was once entred our workes and was beate backe againe with great losse with swords and pikes and butts of Muskets so that the day cleering the enemy was forced to retire having lost above a thousand men and we neare two hundred besides those who were hurt He that was on this nights service from the beginning to the ending being in action might avouch he did escape danger The enemy forsaking our workes unconquered the graffe filled with their dead bodies equall to the bancks the workes ruin'd in the day time could not be repair'd which caused the next nights watch to be the more dangerous The seventeenth Observation THE Emperour Alexander Severe had reason to say that Military Discipline did conserve and maintaine the Estate And so might the magnanimous King of Denmarke say of this service and the Towne of Trailsound the Citizens of it before this time being sluggish dissolute cowards spend-thrifts and voluptuous are now by this Discipline made active menagers valiant sparing and honest the thankes whereof they owe unto our Nation whose bones lie in their ground and to our Country-man who since hath beene their Governour for the reward of his vertue was appointed by his Majestie of Sweden of worthy memory and set to Command over them and their Citie And it is most sure that the observance of good discipline is the maintaining of Kingdomes Cities and Common-wealths making them to flourish where discipline is well kept as it was here during our beleagering for then we had no thought of gathering of money but of gaining of credit here were no Novices but expert Souldiers to resist both the craft and valour of their enemies who did feele the smart of their valourous resistance in heaping their dead bodies one upon another in the graffe During the time of this hot conflict none that was whole went off at the coming of the reliefe but continued in the fight assisting their Camerades so long as their strength served ever esteeming more of their credit than of their safetie through the desire they had to be revenged of the losses sustained by their Camerades On the other part it was reported of Walestine that he was so eager to get in the Towne that his Officers retiring off servce being hurt he caused to shoot them dead calling them Cowards for retiring with so small hurt Here also I purpose to speake somewhat of the Emperialists custome entring on service shouting like Turkes as if crying would terrifie resolute Souldiers No truely we were more encouraged having long expected for their coming being all of us well resolved for the Combat we were greedie of honour and therefore we longed to try our enemies valour Seeing we were more overjoyed of their coming than any wise terrified and we received them with Volees of Cannon and Musket in their teeth which faire and well come was hard of digestion unto some of them and it might be well said of them as the Proverbe is amongst the Bactrians that the dogges did barke more than they did bite especially the Fleete Curres for true courage consists not in words neither ought we to looke for much courage where we heare many boysterous words But on the contrary true valour doth consist in the greatnesse of courage and in the strength of the valiant Arme and not in the Tongue and the first people that did practise this lowde crying of martiall resolution and of rejoycing in battell were the Israelites who in the most part of their fighting used those cryes as testimonies of their faith and of their earnest calling for the helpe of the Almightie And a Lord of Africke being to fight against the Portugalls his Troopes ready to fight he said unto them they should not cry but strike hard for saith he those men whom you see are not accustomed to be afraide with words nor voyce for it is not in cryes but in valour that men should establish the hope of Victory Neverthelesse we reade in Histories that the Romanes and other warlike Nations were wont in Battells as to this day in approaches even as in fields to cry alowd and therefore we say among our selves at home that he is to be pittied that is surprized with the cry of his Enemies We reade also of the Savages whom the French doe call Tokniambous that before they come within halfe a mile they cry like Devills at the first sight of their enemies redoubling their cryes coming neare hand sounding their hornes lifting their Armes here and there in a boasting manner fighting so long as they are able to move hand or foote never giving ground or turning backe till they die Tacitus reports that the Germanes of old did sing going to fight and wee reade of Cate the Censor that he taught young men to fight standing in one place and he used to say often that words were more powerfull to terrifie and to chase an enemy than the stroaks of the hand And the same Cato said he loved not the Souldier that did shake his hands marching that staggred with his feet in fighting snorted lowder in sleeping than he did cry coming to fight And Caesar said that in every man was seene a certaine moving and naturall readinesse and promptitude that kindled them with a desire to fight which Generalls and Commanders of Armies ought diligently to intertaine and not extinguish Wherefore
it was that the Ancients before they fought caused to sound their Trumpets beate their Drummes and made their Souldiers cry hard esteeming that did encourage their Troopes and affright their enemies The Macedons also began their fighting with crying and shouting and Curtius reports that as soone as the Armies saw one another within shot of Musket the Persians began to cry furiously and the Macedons though fewer in number did so answer them that the tops of the Mountaines and Woods resounded againe to the Echo of their Cryes The like we reade in our owne Story where the Author in his ninth Booke makes mention of Henry Piercie Earle of Northumberland and Regent of England at the East being come unawares into Scotland with seven thousand men was driven away by the Boores and Herds by the helpe of Stone-Bagges as they are called to this day in our High Lands of Scotland being used by the Inhabitants to fright Wolves and to chase Deere and other Beasts from their grasings the Instrument is made of dry skinnes made round like a Globe with small stones in it that make a noise as they did neere the English Campe that their Horses brake loose through the fields where after long flying they were taken by the Boores of the Country If then we should cry at all let it be such a noise as may terrifie our enemies being strong couragious and brave Plutarch reports that the cry of Souldiers made a Raven flying in the ayre to fall downe being astonished and Titus Livius saith that when the multitude of people did imbarke that few or none were left in Italie and Sicile coming together and crying the Birds astonished fell out of the ayre and Paulus Aemilius reports the like that when the Christians besieged Tyre a Pigeon was seene in the Ayre which made the Christians raise such a noise that the Pigeon fell downe as if it had beene stricken with thunder and that they found a Letter about the necke of the Pigeon that the Sarazens had sent to the besieged shewing they should be soone relieved if they would take good courage and maintaine the Towne for certaine dayes and the Christians having men with them who understood the same language did write another Letter which they tyed to the necke of the said Pigeon and let him goe which Letter carried that the besieged had neede to looke to themselves that they had given good proofe of their valour and fidelitie and that their Fortune was not to give them hope of reliefe the passages being closed up by their enemies and the Tyrians thus deceived give over the Towne unto the Christians The like we reade practized at the siege of Harlam which made the Towne hold out long and it is certaine such Poasts are made fall downe with the noise of crying and of Cannon and Musket so that their packetts are taken from them Here also was wonderfull the losse and dammage done by Cannon especially the Morters of the enemy carrying Bullets of Stone within the Towne of three hundreth pound weight and some that carried Bullets of one hundreth and sixtie pound and in one day there were shot on the Port of Franckendore where we went out to our watch above seven hundreth and sixtie shot of Cannon the noise whereof was heard above thirtie English miles Also we reade that at the Battell of Lepanto in the yeare 1572. where the Turkes were defeated with great losse that the noise of the Cannon was heard from the place above sixtie Scottish miles But on the Sea they are heard a great deale farther as having neither hill nor wood to hinder the sound in the Ayre Here also I did observe how happie it is when Officers and Souldiers love one another refusing to undertake no danger to supply their Camerades their lives being dearer unto them than their owne which was evident by the timely reliefe which discouraged the Enemy and made them at last perceiving their owne losse to be great having effectuated little in the end to settle To speake in particular of any mans valour at this time seeing to my knowledge I perceived no defect neither in Officer nor Souldier but so farre as to my griefe I did speake of the Dutch that left their Captaine which since I confesse to be a warlike Nation being now long hardned by the custome of warres but on desperate service as this was I would wish if I had libertie to choose other seconds neither can I commend those Dutch that would not send us reliefe in our great danger for though we ought to looke to our owne houses when our neighbours are on fire yet Christian compassion ought to move us to supply the defects of our brethren but when Souldiers and Officers preferre their ease with whole skinnes to the safetie of their Camerades in danger then such may be justly called simple without moderation abandoning their Camerades they lose their good name and bring their reputation and valour in question Who will not then blame such and who will not praise those thâ—t in extremitie contemned life and their ease to relieve their Camerades as Colonell Fretts his Lievetenant Colonell and Major did fighting against our enemies Him then I esteeme as a valiant Souldier that fights against the enemy embracing wounds for his Mistresse and that is contented to lie on the ground being weary and that makes no difference of food to serve his appetite without sawce being contented with a nod for a sleepe to such a Souldier nothing is impossible or hard to attempt and such Souldiers to command were my choice that cared not for gold nor money but for credit and Souldiers have most feare when they are best fed best clad best armed and when their purses are best furnished but when the Souldier glorieth in his povertie then doth the Armie flourish then doe they overthrow their enemies And therefore it was the saying of Demetrius to Xerxes King of Persia going to make warre in Greece that Greece did ever entertaine povertie and lodged vertue brought in by wisedome and severe discipline by which meanes their dominion remaineth unconquered so long as they were enemies to vice and were glad in their povertie as may be well spoken of our owne Nation at home that hath suffered and done so much and more for our freedomes than any Kingdome in Europe which this day makes our Soveraigne to say Nobis haec invicta miserunt centum septem proavi being left unconquered in his succession of one hundred and seven Kings for what have we to doe with gold or great riches so long as we can command our owne appetites and desires And if we thirst after gold let us valiantly bring it from a farre with credit to inrich our Countrey with and to supply the necessities of our poore at home and then having served long credibly abroad his Majestie our Soveraigne may grant unto us after our dismission from other service the liberties and priviledges
were carelesse of their dueties were too carefull in making of booty that I did never see Officers lesse obeyed and respected than here for a time till the hight of the market was past and well I know some Regiments had not one man with their Colours till the fury was past and some Colours were lost the whole night till they were restored the next day such disorder was amongst us all occasioned through covetousnesse the roote of all evill and dishonesty At last the execution past his Majesty entred himselfe being guarded with the Rhine-Grave and his horsemen who immediatly were commanded to crosse the bridge and to follow the enemy at their heeles being on flight towards Glogoe where the Felt-marshall Tuffenbacke the Count of Schonberg and Mounte De Cuculé had retired with such as escaped His Majesty having but scarce quartered in the Towne the fire beginning to burne the City accidentally Orders were given with stroake of Drume with a Bancke beaten in all streetes that all Officers and Souldiers under paine of death should repaire presently to their Colours on the other side of the Oder in the outer workes where Sr. Iohn Hepburne was ordained to command within the workes except such as were appointed to guard the Portes of the Towne his Majesties quarter and the Generalls lodging on the market place where a strong guard was kept to suppresse plundering and the insolency of Souldiers Neverthelesse these orders proclaimed and published many disobeyed remaining in the Towne for plundering In this conflict the enemy lost neere three thousand men besides the Officers that were killed viz. foure Colonells Herbenstine Heydo Walestine and Ioure and above thirty six Officers were killed Likewise there were taken prisoners Colonell Sparre with five Lievetenant Colonell of Dutch and one Irish Cavalier that behaved himselfe both honourably and well Colours also they did lose as I did see the next day made Counte of before Generall Bannier forty one and Cornets of horse nine On our side were lost also at least eight hundred men whereof the blew and yellow for their parts lost five hundred His Majesty also did get here a great deale of provision for the Army as Corne Amunition and eighteene peeces of Ordinance The next day his Majesty appointed Generall Major Lesly as Governor over the Towne giving him orders to repaire the ruinous workes and walles as also orders were given for burying of the dead which were not buried fully in six dayes in th' end they were cast by heapes in great ditches above a hundred in every Grave The next day we were ordained to assemble our Regiments and to bring them together in Armes that they might be provided of what they wanted of Armes having lost many in their disorder The eighth Observation HIS Majesty going to rancounter his enemy before his rising from his Royall Leager at Swede did wisely dispose of his Army in making it into Briggads that coming unto the action he should not neede to thinke on the Theorie when it were time to practise as many young Commanders are forced to doe beginning to learne of others that which is defective in themselves who are to be pittied that undertake to leade others being ignorant themselves but this wise Generall at this time did not only order his Army as he would have them to stand in Battaile but also knowing the gifts and severall parts his chiefe Officers of the field were indued with he disposeth of them in appointing such places for them in fighting against their enemies as did best befit their vertues which all he knew before hand partly by his owne experience and partly by enquiring of others their qualities and vertues Secundo his Majesty doth forecast with himselfe what the enemy being strong might intend against him and accordingly he fore-saw wisely how to prevent him in dividing his Army by sending the Felt-marshall on the one side of the Oder with a part of his Army going himselfe on the other leaving the bridge and passage at Swede well fortified and beset with Souldiers to the end that which of both Armies might be constrained to retire over the bridge being safe might then conveniently joyne with the other As his Majesty was wise in fore-seeing what might happen he was also diligent in taking time of his enemies on the sudden before they could come together so that after this victory obtained his Majesty did not only get elbow roome by the enemies removing over the Elve and the Oder but also he did gaine time to settle his affaires with the Princes for those who would not before this victory scarce keepe correspondence with his Majesty afterwards his Majesty having freed their country from their enemies they were then content to intreate for his friendship by their Ambassadours and he like to a cunning gamster taking the Ball at the right rebound embraced their friendship and confederacy having bound them up in a more strict manner then before till in th' end they were forced to dance after his pipe Here likewise I did observe that it is never good to trust too much unto our owne strength as our enemies did who at their banqueting and inter pocula before that the storme went on though hearing the noyse of our Cannon they fell a laughing as wondring what the Swedens meant thought they to fly over the walles and granting he could enter were they not so strong as he Many more idle discourses they had extolling themselves in their pride boasting of their strength and courage not setting God before them they disdained and contemned their enemies but suddenly in an instant they found their owne follies being brought unto feare and astonishment so that at last their wits confounded and consequently their actions confused and their enemies though weake instruments by the power of the God of Armies were made strong and couragious for punishing them in repaying of their former Barbarity and cruelty used by them at new Brandenburg where we see the lord repayeth their wickednesse when they least expected Tiffenbacke the Felt-marshall was much to blame for his command being so strong within the Towne as we were without that he did not adventure to fight us in the fields or at least to have tried our conduct and valour with a strong party his not daring to adventure with us made us the more couragious and resolute to seeke him though with disadvantage having once found him to be a timorous enemy keeping himselfe close within walles for we know well the greater his strength was within if once we entred his confusion would be the greater for a multitude within a strength especially horsemen many servants and baggage breede ever confusion for avoiding whereof the Governour had the more reason to have tried us in the fields whereby he had encouraged his Garrison who seeing he durst adventure to meete us without being retired they would not be afraid within walles So it is never good to resolve to be alwayes the
Graffe of running water and a draw-bridge which was taken up at our coming and then they discharged their Cannon on us where at first there were killed some six Souldiers the night drawing on our watches set forth I was appointed by his Majesty to be Captaine of the watch being ordained to oversee the making of the Batteries As also I was commanded to set forwards our workes both for intrenching and for running our lines of approach to the skonce wherein I was so busied that the whole night I went never off my feete but from one part to another having had sundry Alarums though not of continuance His Majestie having taken quarters in the neerest Dorpe he left two Rutters to attend on me that if the enemy should fall out against us incontinent one of them might be sent to acquaint his Majestie who having rested for that right coming before day to visit the workes and finding them not so farre advanced as he did expect he falls a chiding of me notwithstanding of my diligence used the whole night in keeping the Souldiers still at worke with the small number of materialls we had to worke with But no excuse though true would mitigate his passion till he had first considered on the circumstances and then he was sorry he had offended me without reason But his custome was so that he was worse to be pleased in this kinde than in any other his Commands being ever impatient when workes were not advanced â—o his minde and the truth is our Country Souldiers cannot endure to worke like the Dutch neither when they have taken paines can they worke so formally as others Our batteries being readie against the morning the whole day our Cannon played on the Skonce so fast as they could be charged but to no purpose the earthen wall being so thicke and so well set together that they scorned us and our Cannon both His Majestie seeing nothing to be effectuated this way resolved to try a second way by the advise of the Black-smith that knew all the passages towards the Towne notwithstanding that the whole land on that side was covered over with water This Black-smith advised his Majestie to cause a Float-bridge to be made and then setting over the water he would lead us through shallow passes where we might come behinde the Skonce cutting off their passage from the Towne and then the Skonce wanting reliefe might be ours According to this plot his Majestic commanded Lievetenant Colonell Dowbatle with two hundred and fiftie Dragoniers for foote and me with two hundred and fiftie Musketiers to follow the Black-smith and to surprize the enemies Guard which being done by us we were commanded to make the place good till Colonell Hepburne with a thousand Musketiers should be sent after to second us Dowbatle and I having fortunately surprized the Guard making them retire to the Towne leaving the Skonce in our power Colonell Hepburne being advanced towards the Skonce tooke it in on accord and the Souldiers were made to take service and their Officers made prisoners In this time Dowbatle his Dragoniers having followed the enemy with hot skirmish within shot of their walles his powder being spent desired I should fall on and relieve him and his as I did continuing the service till we made the enemy retire over a bridge that was hard by the Towne so that I was forced for our owne safeties having lost divers Souldiers that were killed with the Cannon to divide my Souldiers making the halfe of them to cast up a running Trench while as the rest were hot skirmishing with the enemy being in danger of both Cannon and Musket but my Souldiers once getting in the ground we fortified our selves against their Cannon and resolved in case of their out falling to maintaine the ground we had formerly wonne with the losse of our bloud having lost in one halfe houre above thirtie Souldiers whereof fix were killed with the Cannon The enemy finding the Skonce was lost and us so farre advanced on the strongest side Feltmarshall Horne with his Forces marching on the other side that was weakest they presently did send a Drummer on our side to parlé for quarters whom I received and being hood-wink't he was sent with a Convoy to his Majestie who condescended to the Treatie and pledges being delivered the Treatie went on the Accord subscribed his Majestie came and thanked Dowbatle and us for our good service where large promises were made unto us of reward and to Colonell Hepburne also for taking in of the Skonce The enemy being strong in the Towne and above twice our strength his Majestie resolved to send to Francford for more Forces both of horse and foote to come to him before the enemy was suffered to march out of the Towne to whom conditions were granted to transport foure pieces of Ordnance and the Souldiers to march out with full Armes bagge and baggage with Drummes beating and flying Colours and a Convoy of Horsemen towards Glogoe His Majestie having beset the Garrison as soone as they marched out having seene their strength we were ashamed of their carriage being the eldest Troopes and the choice by report of the whole Imperiall Armie who cowardly did give over such a strong Towne being without necessitie and in hope of reliefe One of my Captaines called Dumaine having contracted a feaver here before Lansberg being removed to Francford died there and being buried my Lievetenant David Monro was preferred to be Captaine of his Company and Ensigne Burton was made Lievetenant and Bullion his brother having taken his passe my Sergeant Andrew Rosse was made Ensigne to Captaine David and William Bruntfield was preferred to be my Lievetenant and Mongo Gray Ensigne This Towne being taken both Pomeren and the Markes of Brandenburg were cleered of the Emperialists being sent up unto Silesia The next Sabbath his Majestie that was ever ready to reward good servants for vertue he caused to make our guide the Black-smith being a stout fellow and a craftie Burgo-master of the Towne who did get from his Majestie two hundred Duckets besides His Majestie on the Sabbath day in the afternoone suffered the principall Officers of his Armie such as Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtis and divers others to make merry though his Majestie did drinke none himselfe for his custome was never to drinke much but very seldome and upon very rare considerations where sure he had some other plot to effectuate that concerned his advancement and the weale of his State The ninth Observation THis Towne of Lansberg being a Frontier Garrison lying neare the borders of Pole on the Wert the having of it made Pomeren sure and the Marke giving unto his Majestie the freer passage unto Silesia and therefore it was that his Majestie did use the greater diligence and celeritie in obtaining of it with as great honour and reputation as could be imagined in respect of the inequalitie of strength betwixt us and our enemies As also in
being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hephurne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers other Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell Musten Major Monypenney Major Sinclaire and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro with divers others Cavaliers of valour experience and of conduct who thereafter were suddainely advanced unto higher charges The victory being ours we incamped over night on the place of Battaile the living merry and rejoycing though without drinke at the night-wake of their dead Camerades and friends lying then on the ground in the bed of honour being glad the Lord had prolonged their dayes for to discharge the last honourable duty in burying of their Camerades Our bone-fiers were made of the enemies Amunition waggons and Pikes left for want of good fellowes to use them and all this night our brave Camerades the Saxons were making use of their heeles in flying thinking all was lost they made booty of our waggons and goods too good a recompence for Cullions that had left their Duke betrayed their country and the good cause when as strangers were hazarding their lives for their freedomes Our losse this day with the Saxons did not exceede three thousand men which for the most part were killed by the enemies Cannon of principall Officers we lost a number and chiefely our horsemen as Colonell Collenbagh Colonell Hall and Addergest and of the foote Colonells the Barron Tivell being all of them brave and valorous gentlemen we lost also foure Lievetenant Colonells together with a number of Rutmasters Captaines Lievetenants and Ensignes Of the Saxons were lost five Colonells three Lievetenant Colonells with divers Rut-masters and Captaines and of inferiours Officers many To the enemy were lost on the field neere eight thousand besides Officers of note such as the Felt-marshall Fustenberg the Duke of Holsten the Count of Shomeberg old Geuerall Tillie hurt and almost taken a number of other Officers of the Field were killed and taken prisoners They lost also thirty two peeces of Cannon with three score waggons of Amunition and their Generall and Papingham were chased towards Hall and from thence were forced with a small convoy to take their flight for refuge to Hamell on the Waser The sixteenth Observation FIrst then we see here the goodnesse that followes on that laudable and Christian custome used by those that doe first begin the workes of their calling with their true humiliation to God by prayers in acknowledging their sinnes and unworthinesse and in renouncing trust or confidence in any thing but in God alone knowing their owne wisdome strength and valour to be of no moment without the speciall aide and assistance of the Almighty and powerfull God who alone can teach our fingers to fight giving victory with few as with many And therefore it was that this Magnanimous and religious warriour with his whole Army publiquely did call on the Lord praying for his assistance against his enemies and for a happy event of the day before he begun to set his Army to worke against their enemies the enemies of God and the true Catholique and Apostolique faith which they had endeavoured to subvert with the professors of the truth to hold up and maintaine the man of sinne and his erronious doctrine by the power of the house of Austria and of the Catholique League We see then this duty being religiously and piously discharged by his Majesty and his Army the fruite was answerable to their desire having obtained victory over our enemies by the good command of his Majesty and the ready obedience dexterity and valour of his Majesties supreme Officers of the field who in all charges did direct those under them to the ready discharge of their duties every one of
his Majestie nor yet was he any wayes beneficiall to the Colonells who did the service but put all in his owne purse neither yet did be acknowledge Sir Iohn Hepburne with the least token of his bountie whose merit at this time was not inferiour to his owne His Majesty having taken in Swinfort and beset it he continued his march to Wurtzburg and coming before the Towne he summoned them to render whereupon they did send Father Ogleby Abbot of the Scots Cloyster at Wurtzburg to capitulate with his Majestie in the behalfe of the Burgers who got granted unto them the like accord as was made with Erfort in all degrees the accord subscribed his Majestie entered the Towne the same day that our forces arrived at Carlstat being within two miles of them that night The Citie given over the Castle refusing to heare of any Treatie they begunne from the Castle-workes to plague his Majesties Armie with Cannon where ever they could lie or stand within or without the Citie on either side of the Maine they were cruelly tormented by the enemies Cannon so that at last it went on in earnest on both sides for his Majestie having had intelligence that Generall Tilly with a strong Armie of fiftie thousand men being joyned with the Duke of Loraine were coming for the reliefe of the Castle his Majestie resolved that taking of time was best and that it behooved him on the sudden to have it or not at all This Castle being a strong Strength sequestred on a height from the Towne and the Souldiers as they retired from the Towne they did breake off one Arch of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties passage over the Bridge unto the Castle being the onely way he could get to it and the Castle-workes did so command the Bridge that a single man could not passe over without great danger of life being the whole Bridge did lie open just under the Castle where there was one long plancke laid over the broken Arch being distant in height from the water neere eight fathom so that it seemed a hazard or torment to any man to passe over alongst the plancke where some valourous Officers and Souldiers would rather adventure to goe before the mouth of the Cannon than to crosse over the plancke though there were no danger of the enemies Cannon or Musket which still played furiously on that passe of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties Souldiers in setting over where at first two valourous Gentlemen of our Nation being brethren were killed on the Bridge viz. Sir Iames Ramsey his Major called Bothwell and his brother Neverthelesse before our coming from Carlstat being within two miles his Majestie had ingaged the rest of our Country-men that were with him on this piece of service being the most desperate and of the greatest importance that was ever done in Dutchland during the continuance of the warres And therefore Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were made choice of with their Regiments by his Majestie who knew both their worth and valour being perswaded if they refused it none would undertake the service after them the passage being so dangerous and of such hazard that without great difficultie there was no probabilitie to gaine much credit there and his Majestie resolved except those Cavaliers with their followers would make way to others the wished event could not be hoped for at that time seeing the enemy was within three dayes march to relieve it and to the end they might shew good example to others they were commanded with their fellowes being all Musketiers to crosse the Bridge and to beate the enemy from the water side and then to force a passage for the rest of the Armie towards the Castle the orders were as hard as the passage was difficult yet Cavaliers of courage being daring men and once resolved nothing could seeme difficult unto them to gaine honour and credit to themselves and Country especially being made choice of by a King out of his Armie to give testimony publikely in view of the whole Armie of their valour and resolution exemplary forcing their enemies to give ground for them and theirs having had not one foote of ground on that side of the water till they should gaine it at their landing for I was none of the actors nor yet of the spectators till I had viewed it the next day being informed particularly by my Camerades of the manner of their on-falling The bridge day over the Maine with six Arches in length being a very faire and spatious bridge over which sixtie men could well march in front lying open unto the Castle batteries and workes the middle Arch whereof being broke a plancke was set over where with difficultie strong-headed Souldiers might crosse one after another under mercy of Cannon and Musket and while as they could but file over the enemy could receive them with full bodies of pikes and muskets which was a great disadvantage and the distance betwixt the water and the plancke would terrifie any to venter over for feare of drowning though he were in no feare of an enemy so that many who went with resolution to passe over returned againe choosing rather to crosse alongst the water in small boates Notwithstanding the enemy would emptie Salves of muskets on them before their landing Neverthelesse Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton in obedience to his Majesties commands with a few Souldiers adventured to crosse the River with small Boates their Souldiers giving fire before their landing and in their landing against their enemies and being happily once landed and beginning to skirmish their Souldiers they left behinde them who before durst not adventure to crosse alongst the plancke seeing their Officers and Camerades ingaged with the enemy to helpe them they ranne over the plancke one after another so fast as they could runne till at last they past all and made a strong head against the enemy till by the valourous Conduct of their Leaders and their following they forced the enemy to give ground retiring unto their workes Their Leaders desirous to gaine further honour and reputation pursued the enemy so hard till they had beaten them out of a Torne they had fled unto At which time Sir Iames Ramsey was shot lame in the left arme and then his Camerade Sir Iohn Hamilton succeeding him both in command and courage notwithstanding of the enemies strength and great fury used against them having disputed with long service for the ground at last it was made good by Sir Iohn and his followers till such time his Majestie had set over after them the most part of the Armie so that they were blocked up on all quarters and forced to remaine within their workes till that against night the service being ceased we with the rest of the Armie were come from Carlstat and quartered that night without the Towne on the other side of the Maine His Majestie before day gave Orders to the Swedes and some Dutch Regiments to
on Swinford incontinent his Majesties Army was brought together at Mentz and leaving the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne in the Paltz at Mentz as director and to attend on the Spanish forces till the Paltz were cleered of the enemie The sixth of March his Majesty did breake up from Francford where in the fields before Aschaffenburg the Army made a shew in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Marquesse of Hamilton and divers others men of quality and having passed the bridge we quartered over night in the fields on the backe side of the hill and the next day continued our march towards Lore and having sent before to make provision for the Army in all parts where he resolved to quarter through Franconia being free of our enemies The next night we quartered at Erinfield and our Briggad passing by Gemond we marched on Carlestat where we quartered over night the next day continuing our march we joyned at night with the army at Tettelbach where before our upbreaking the next morning a fire being entred in the Subburbs as his Majesty was marching out of quarter those of Spences Regiment were blamed for this accident though innocent Neverthelesse his Majesties rage continued the whole day and we being separated his Majesty marched on Kitchen on the Maine to joyne with the Felt-marshall and we were commanded to march on Oxenford on the Maine and from thence to Vinchen where we againe were to joyne with the Army having ever our cannon and Amunition waggons along with us On Sunday in the afternoone his Majesty againe over-viewed the Army being set in order of Battaile the Felt-marshalls forces and some new forces having joyned with us being pleasant to behould where in time of the show his Majesty of Bohemia did come and salute our Briggad being resaluted with all due respect of the whole body of the Briggad where his Majesty was pleased to shew us how glad he was of the good report and commendation his Majesty of Sweden had given of our good service the continuance whereof he hartily wished Our Army this day was above twenty thousand men horse and foote besides those did belong to the Artillery being all in good order Generall Tilly having understood of his Majesties coming and of the strength of his Army he thought as best for the safety of his Army not to stay our coming and besetting Bamberg and Fercham with new levied men taking the ould Souldiers with him he marched towards Newmarke in the upper Palatinat having taken all the best things he could finde within the Bishopricke of Bamberg with him on waggons And having sent his Generall Quartermaster before him towards Loaffe he was met by some of the Swedens party and being kill'd all his letters were brought unto his Majesty and before his Majesty brake up with the Army he caused to publish an Edict over all Franconia that all sort of people which had before bin fugitives for feare of Religion they were all free to returne unto their houses againe not being molested or troubled in the peaceable labouring of the ground Likewise on this march a strong party of our Army led by Colonell Sparereutter Rancountring with the enemies party by Schawbbishhall after a long skirmish the Emperialists were made to retire with losse towards the Castle of Danberg where Lievetenant Colonell Buckey that had the command of the Emperialists was sore wounded a Rut-master of the Crabbats and a Lievetenant was kill'd and aboue twenty six Souldiers besides a hundred and thirty were taken prisoners The newes came to his Majesty on our march which we continued from Winsen on Welmersdorffe and from thence the next day being the twentith of March to Furt a passe on the River of Pegnets a mile from Nurenberg where the Army lay but one night so long as his Majesty did visit Nurenberg and the next day our march continued towards a little Towne called Schawbach where his Majesty rested the Army two dayes till that the Duke of Wymars forces with Generall Banier coming from During were come within one dayes march of us his Majesties intentions being towards Donavert on the Danube where my Cozen Fowles with both his Regiments joyned with us His Majesty of Sweden accompanied with the King of Bohemia and Palsgrave Augustus and divers Princes more before their coming to Nurenberg they were met by the Lords of the Towne with a great convoy on horsbacke and were most nobly welcomed where the whole inhabitants were overjoyed at the sight of his Majesty of Sweden but chiefely their affections most abundantly did extend towards his Majesty of Bohemia which is impossible for any tongue to expresse But well I know my eyes did see their eyes shedding teares of joy being overjoyed with the sight of two Kings at once as they thought sent by the King of Kings for their reliefes and to make their welcome the more respected the whole City Burgers and Souldiers were in their brightest Armes and being conveyed unto the City they were sumptuously banqueted and in testimony of their love they gifted unto his Majesty of Sweden foure halfe Cartowes with all furniture belonging to them together with two silver Globes one Coelestiall the other Terrestiall there were also presented unto him drinking Credences many with some Antiquities that were rare and with all testifying their affection in way of complement they assure his Majesty that not only with words but with their whole estate they were ready to serve the common cause to die and live with his Majesty in the defence of the publique His Majesty thus taking leave of Nurenberg promises to continue their friend and shewes them he was to goe with his Army towards the Danow streame to see how to get a passe over the Danow for to visit the Duke of Bavier and he hoped he would make Tilly with his Army to retire thence But Tilly finding his Majesties Army growing still stronger and stronger he retired backe unto the upper Palatinat and from thence he crossed the Danow to joyne with the Duke of Bavaria to hinder our coming unto Bavaria being then of his owne forces neere eighteene thousand men foote and horse But many of them were new leavied folkes and the Duke of Bavaria had also a strong Armie together but for the most part they were such as could not indure the noise or whisling of the Cannon Bullets By this time Grave Henry William Fonselins being shot in the leg before Bamberg was departed at Swineford of a burning feaver contracted through the paine of the shot whose death his Majestie of Sweden did much lament The twenty-seventh Observation THE fifth of March 1632. his Majestie having left sure footing in the Paltz with a bridge over the Rhine and the Mayne where it enters into the Rhine where also was begunne as the Trophee of his victorie the foundation of a Citie and strength called Gustavus-Burg Then in the beginning of the Spring we sprung forth from the Rhine towards the Danow streame
till we were in suretie and by this time being the twenty-sixth of Iune Walenstine being joyned with the Duke of Boviere his Armie they marched towards Nurenberg where they met with Colonell Dowbattle his Dragoniers and with foure Troopes of spare Rutters horsemen which being defeated Colonell Dowbattle was taken prisoner who being a valourous Cavalier of much worth that had behaved himselfe well on many occasions as on this last The report whereof moved Walenstine out of his clemency to set him free within three dayes without ransome and after that they approaching to Nurenberg divers hot skitmishes past betwixt our horsemen and theirs where there was good service done of both parties for their credits in making their first acquaintance they interchanged a number of Bullets welcoming one another unto Nurenberg And on the twenty-eight of Iune they appointed their chiefe Magazine for their Armie to be at Fryenstat in the upper Paltz and on the thirtieth of Iune they came to Schawbach being then fiftie thousand strong of horse and foote we not exceeding sixteene thousand and on the fourth of Iuly they lay downe with their Armie betwixt the River Pegnets and the River Rednets being betwixt our Armie and Franconia from whence our Forces supply and victualls were to come and his Majestie for their welcome the fifth of Iuly did cut off three Troopes of Horse of theirs having got their three Cornets as Bonum omen unto us The thirty-three Observation HIS Majestie having concluded for to stand to the defence of Nurenberg against the strong and mightie Emperiall Armie led by Walenstine and the Duke of Baviere where we have first set before us the reasons of his Majesties Conjunction and Confederacy with Nurenberg against their common enemy First being both of one religion their consciences tied them not to see one anothers hurt or detriment Secondly they saw and considered that the good arising of the union redounded alike to both their wealls Thirdly the feare they had conceived of their owne weakenesse by reason of the enemies strength made them joyne the faster together Fourthly their hatred they bare to the enemies of the Gospell who sought nothing more then their overthrow and ruine made them looke the better unto themselves Fifthly his Majesty stood in neede of the Nurenbergers assistance of men meate and moneyes and they stood in neede of his Majesties concurrence to keepe the overplus of their meanes and the freedome of their consciences to themselves and their posterity by keeping the enemies fury off them All these considered they joyned hand in hand and with one courage they resolved to be enemies to those that were come to be their enemies finding it was lawfull for them before God and the whole world to defend themselves And therefore they prepared for it where at first the Towne of Nurenberg made up twenty foure strong Companies of foote that carried in their Colours the twenty foure letters of the Alphabet which they ordained for a supply for his Majesties Army that their City might be the better watched for they resolved their best remedy against feare was not to feare at all since they had Gustavus and his Fortunes under God for their Leader And therefore they were assured of deliverance from their enemies with the losse of a little mony and the spending of a little provision which they had long kept in store to sustaine them in their necessities having had within their walls to sustaine dayly besides the Army eight hundred thousand soules being no small burthen to a Land-towne Here also we see his Majesties fore-sight in giving a kinde of content unto his Army according to his custome at such times the enemy drawing neere unto him to tie the Souldiers and their Officers to the greater obedience unto his Majesties commandements to undergoe whatsoever he was to command them and for to grieve the enemies by the rumour of monies which then was given out to his Majesties Souldiers the enemies Army might be disbandoned and monies being so rife amongst them to forsake their owne Colours and runne away unto his Majesties Army It must needs have bin an extraordinary great provision that sustained so many soules a day within the City whereunto a great part of the country people Gentry and Boores had runne together for refuge being a great number of people besides the Army which was sustained for three moneths together by the providence of God the Rector and Governour of the world and the Fountaine of all goodnesse this Omnipotent Omniscient and Invincible GOD governing all and over-seeing all by his providence at this time did so direct this people in middest of their troubles that they having recommended themselves and the event of their affaires to this great God they concluded that it was better to prevent then to suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies And therefore they fell to worke in earnest for their owne safeties and the safety of his Majesties Army being under God resolved to protect them The thirty-fourth Duty discharged at Nurenberg and of the occurrences there HIS Majesty having Recognosced the City and situation thereof finding his Forces weake in respect of the enemies he resolved to take all the advantage he could in setting downe his Leaguer for the preservation of his Army and the safety of the City and therefore he caused to draw the draught of the Leaguer to goe in a circular Orbe round the whole City the water running through the middest of it The Leaguer begun at the East without the Suburbes called in Dutch Marke were towards the South to the part called Lightenhooffe where his Majesties quarter was and from thence towards the west to the Townes new workes crossing over the water This Leaguer being accomplished in ten dayes and in full defence with strong Skonces Redoutes Fossies batteries and being well fortified round with Stakkets without the Fossie and at all sorting Ports being well foreseene with slaught homes and triangles well fastened and close His Majesty then upon the North fide of the City made the retrenchment goe likewise round the City being also well fortified with strong Skonces and Fossies from the East unto the West beginning at the Marke Flect Were and going round the Inden boole even to St. Iohn and the water closed Above the water on the hight was made a great Skonce and another great Skonce was made in the corner at Gostenhooffe with deepe water graffes having workes without it againe and halfe moones also before Steeneboole over against Schwonnaw there was another Skonce fast and strong Likewise at the backe of the Dorpe Steeneboole towards the Leaguer there was another strong Skonce made likewise towards the wood at the South on the street called Rottenbacherstreete there was made an extraordinary strong Skonce set about with foure crossed Stakkets of strong timber so that there was no meanes to storme it the like was made on the streete called Altoffer streete These workes Skonces and Redoutes
being accomplished a great number of Cannon great and small were brought on the workes the Batteries all ready there could be reckoned in the Leaguer about this Towne without the walls of Cannon on their Carriages above three hundred great and small Our Leaguer thus fortified the Emperiall Army led by the Duke of Fridland Walestine joyned with the Duke of Bavaria his Forces consisting both of fifty thousand men having the first of Iuly taken in Schawbach the second day after they drew towards the Dorpe called Steyne over against Nurenberg which doth lie about a Dutch mile from the Towne there they begun to pitch a Leaguer and from Steyne towards the Flockt called Zerndorfe the Leaguer being well fortified on the seventh of Iuly the Duke of Fridland made his Leaguer also towards Zerndorfe on the top of the hill called Altberg wherein he tooke for an advantage an old ruinous and waste Castle neere which there lay a hunting house in the wood on the top of the hill over against the Fleckt-Fort which was called the old strength in Dutch This Fort he caused strongly to pallisade without the workes with Fossies and Stakkets without the fossie other great and strong Skonces he caused to make and divers other strong Skonces on the old hill the Fossies and brest workes were all fortified with great and strong Trees and within the workes were severall barrells or hogsheads filled with sand and stones for throwing placed on the Batteries and by this strong and great Leaguer Valestine did cut off from his Majesties Army and the Towne of Nurenberg all kinde of victualls or provision could come unto them by the Axile thinking thereby to blocke up his Majesties Army forceing him to take another resolution and then he thought to compell the Kings Majesty to a peace according to his minde These two Armies thus incamped and set downe opposite one against another they begun all of them as they went forth in the country about to steale to rob to plunder and to spoile the whole country for to supply with victualls and other furniture these two great new-founded Cities of short continuance though it is certaine many of them did get life-rent-leases of their new built houses Thus having set downe the manner of both the Armies incamping we lay still one against another a long time neither giving nor offering offence one to another except it were by meere accident in the country amongst stragling troopes Neverthelesse though we looked on each others we had our watches night and day before one anothers noses without loosing of one Pistoll or without one Alarum in two moneths time as if in effect there were a Stil-stand of Peace During this time we were thus looking one to another the Spaniard finding his Majesty with the maine Army farre off he resolved to take his time in the Paltz and crossing the Mosel againe towards Alzie his Excellence the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne having intelligence of their coming he did bring his horsemen over the Rhine and suffered the Spaniard to draw neere Mentz and then marched unto them in the meane time the Spanish Generall Comissary Lookas Cagro did breake up with twelve Companies of horse giving orders to the rest to follow him of intention to fall unlooked for on the Rhine-graves quarter But he did count without his Hoste the Rhinegraves folke being betimes acquainted of their coming and to their helpe having got a supply timely sent unto them by his Excellence the Rex chancellour the enemy was so welcomed by them that he was put in confusion and then chased so hard that there were a hundred and twenty killed unto him many taken prisoners and seven Standards of theirs were taken as Trophees of the Rhine-graves victory over them In revenge whereof shortly after the Grave son Ridberg with a strong party of horse and foote did fall upon that part of the Paltz called Hundsrucke betwixt the Mosell and the Noe and coming on Spier where the Swedens Colonell called Hornegt without any resistance gave over Spier notwithstanding of a succourse was sent unto him from Mentz that was at had whereupon the Colonell was afterwards brought prisoner to Mentz to be adjudged there for his evill carriage The Spaniard taking out of Spier Cannon Amunition and Armes with all that could be found together with a great deale of mony exacted from the Burgers he had also an intention on Wormes but in vaine being strongly beset with the Swedens forces so that the Spaniards at this time as many times before were forced to quit the Paltz and to draw backe againe into Holland and the States Army being come to lie before Mastricht were forced to breake up from Spier with their Army and whole baggâ—ge and Cannon The Swedens getting notice of their upbreaking desirous to convey them the Rex-chancellor and Palsgrave Christian breakes up from Mentz towards Altson and the next day they came to Belchin two miles from the part the Spaniard had broken up from and following them hard till they got sight of the Spanish Army which the Spaniard perceiving directs his baggage before and drew up in battaile on a plaine neere a wood where incontinent they were brought in disorder by the Swedens that they were forced with the losse of three Cornets and some foote to retire into the wood and finding the whole Swedens Army following up they resolved with one consent by flying to save themselves were their best and taking the night to their helpe they marched so hard as they could But yet the Swedens continued their march after them till the Spaniard coming to a passe in the hills threw off the bridges behinde them Neverthelesse the Swedens repaired the bridges and followed hard after and by Lantericke came in sight of them againe that neither day nor night were they suffered to rest so that the Spaniard was forced to burne some of his baggage on his march and some he left to the Swedens that they might the lighter they were come the easier off in the end a part of them by Lanterick was attrapped by the Rhine-graves Horsmen where some were cut downe and their baggage taken The Spaniard thus in great feare and confounded by the hastinesse of his march and the Swedens wearied with long following were content at last the Spaniards should goe their way with so little reputation out of the Paltz at their last good night having lost above two thousand men and their whole Baggage By this time also the Boores in Schwabland againe began to be tumultuous and unquiet so that by Kempten they drew together very strong of full intention to chase the Swedens out of their lands But this uproare continued but short for when the Swedens Forces drew out of the Garrisons they killed the most part and drove the rest unto woods to seeke their food with the Swine in burning a number of their Dorpes to give them worke to thinke on against the winter to
on the Isle of Aenary where he did see the smoke of the Cannon saith Philip Dore diligent to make good execution with Cannon and not in vaine spending pouder and shot on the Spaniard his great piece called the Basiliske the ball being monstrous great broke through the whole ship even to her keele and killing thirty wounded severall Captaines and Gentlemen that were mutilated or dismembred So that the Marquesse of Guat was all spoiled with the bloud and entralls of the dead Guicciardin roported that at the siege of Calis in the yeare 1558. by the Duke of Guise in name of the King of France on the three Kings day in the morning with thirty three double Cannon from one battery made such a noyse that the sound was heard five houres going beyond Calis being twenty English miles And lest the judicious Reader will thinke this an untruth I would warrant it from my owne deede for he that pleaseth may reade the story written by the Author Guicciardin But those peeces of Cannon that are farthest hard are called pot-peeces or Mortiers such as Mounts on the Castle of Edenburrough being so wide that it is reported that a man did get a Childwithin which I also warrant from my owne deede but the truth is it is a huge great peece from whence did come our old Scots Proverbe the Devill shoote Mounts in your arse Gentle Reader excuse my homelinesse since I was not the Inventer of this Proverbe These kinde of Peeces are very large and carry stones for bullets The Mortiers of Soliman at the Siege of Rhodes in the yeare 1522. their bullets wayed some of them two hundred weight the least one hundred and fifty pounds of great weight when they light on a house they goe through from top to ground and Paulus Iovius reports of a Mine made by Peter Valler which made entrance for the Spaniard within the new Castle of Naples kept by the French the French were so astonished with the surprize of the Mine that they retired unto the last and furthest Court so that the guards had not time to draw up their Draw-bridges and the French letting downe the Portcullies to hinder the Spaniards entry coming with a furious presse the French bring a peece of Cannon to terrifie the Spaniards that had entred one Gate or the first Court and shoote amongst them where by chance the Iron bullet tooke hould of the thicke of the Port where it remaines to this day showne for a Monument unto strangers that have got the credit to goe within this Castle to see it Many such Stories we could inferre but let these suffise in this place for this time THE CHRISTIAN SOVLDIER GOING ON SERVICE HIS Meditations I. WHEN thou seest thy Camerade going to Muster with a faire shew outwardly deckt with brave clothes and delighting in his Plumes thinke with thy selfe such an outward shew is nothing without the inward gifts of the minde for if thou desirest to be a Souldier of Christ thou must be adorned with all vertues that inwardly thou mayest be such as outwardly thou doest appeare unto the world Thou must then learne to mortifie those vices to which thou art most subject taking accompt of thy selfe how thou hast resisted vice and what good thou hast done and say then when thou findest thou hast done nothing that is good Lord make us every day to renounce sinne and resist vice that our love and zeale to thee may be inflamed to well-doing even in the greatest extremity of adversity II. When thou seest the Kings Majesty thy Master or his Generall coming to looke on the battaile when all Front towards the King with due respect and reverence thinke then againe with thy selfe and say as for me it is good to draw neere unto thee O Lord for thou art my King and my God thee alone will I worship and love make me happy in thy love and for thy sake I will despise all things for thou art the strength of my head and my portion for ever for through hope we attaine unto thee by Faith III. When thou seest thy Camerads knitting all things about them handsome and fast before they march say thou then knit mine heart unto thee O Lord that I may feare thy name for he that loveth not thee must quake and feare and it is a fearefull thing to fall into thy hands for thy coming unto Iudgment is terrible thy roaring is like a Lyon and thy Sword a consuming fire no place can hide man from thy presence thou seest the heart and the Reines no secret is hid from thee and who can escape thy vengeance None except they repent Lord therefore save me from that bitter death and give me grace to repent that I may bewaile my misery before I depart IIII. When thou art entred in the troublesome way of thy march and sufferest toyle travell heate cold hunger thirst nakednesse perill being called to labour and to suffer and not to live in pleasure and idlenesse say then my sorrow O Lord is ever before me for in me dwelleth no good I offend day by day and which is worse I cannot repent sinne increaseth and the Fountaine of grace is stopped and I finde no comfort Say then againe O Lord spurre me and whip me with thy Rod before I perish and reserve not thy punishment lest at last I shall be made to pay the uttermost farthing Lord therefore create a new heart within me that I may prepare a habitation for thee to rest in a cleere conscience O Lord for thy Sonne Christs sake suffer me not to goe away empty for with thee is mercy and great redemption therefore I will be comforted whilst thou givest me time to amend my life V. When thou seest thy Camerads for love of credit and the favour of their Officers making no difference betwixt faire and foule way but with patience induring all toile to come to the end of their march thinke then with thy selfe that after this manner of old the servants of Christ for the favour and love of God and of his glory did serve the Lord in hunger and thirst in cold in nakednesse in watching and fasting in prayers in meditations in manifould persecutions and troubles contemning all pleasurs for Christ they sought the glory of God more then their owne fame Lord therefore make us contemne and slight all things for the love of Christ altering from vice to vertue mortifying our lusts that we may become Souldiers of Christ loving nothing so much as God and the salvation of our soule VI. When thou seest thy Camerade fix in his Armes and well exercised with Pike Musket and Sword then thinke with thy selfe that thy duty is to trust in the Lord and to doe good that thou mayest dwell in the land and be â—ed assuredly thy delight must be in the law of the Lord and thou must be exercised therein day and night that thou mayest be full of hope and strength remembring thy end