received that having lost 300 of their Men and killed but 70 of the Enemy they were glad to suffer the rest to march off with their Plunder Another Body of the Romans having taken a rich Booty led 500 Captives away the one half whereof were Women who observing that no great Regard was had of them only their Hands bound behind in the dead time of the Night they unbound one another and afterwards the Men then seizing the Arms of the Romans buried in Sleep put most of them to the Sword before they waked only a few escaped by the Favour of the Night Next Morning the Victors put the Armour of the Romans upon their Women Ormia a modest Lusitanian Woman being taken by another Party and long courted by her Keeper to consent to his Lust she at length seemingly complied wherewith being delighted he put himself into her Power so that she waiting her Opportunity when he slept with his own Sword cut off his Head and carried away both to her Husband as a Token that she had preserved her Chastity Which done not so content she killed her self before his Face 5. Caius Lelius 145. a Man of great Valour came Praetor into Spain but Authors do not mention any Success he had against Viriatus Perhaps it was thought enough that he lost nothing 143. Two Years after Fabius Emilianus was sent with a Consular Army of 18000 Men to put an End to the War Viriatus hearing of his coming into Andaluzia broke into the Roman Province doing greater Harm than before and took two Cities into which he put Garrisons Fabius that the Gods might be favourable to his Undertakings went to offer Sacrifice in the Temple of Hercules at Cadiz strictly charging his Officers upon no Account to stir out of the Camp before his Return The next Day Viriatus appeared before the Roman Army at such time as certain Foragers were returning with a Guard of whom he cut off the greatest part A good Body of Horse issuing out of the Camp to relieve their Companions drove back the Lusitanians to their Main Body but they were there so fiercely charged that few of them returned back Fabius coming from his Sacrifice stormed that his Orders had been disobeyed Fabius Emilianus obliges Viriatus to retire Some Days after about Midnight he marched in great Silence two Miles forwards and surprizing the Lusitanian Camp obliged Viriatus confusedly to retire to Vecor a strong Place where not thinking it safe to attack him he marched away to recover the two Cities lately garrison'd by the Lusitanians The Inhabitants of the Province between Duero and Minho took up Arms against those of Galicia Hostilius Mancinus overthrows 30000 Spaniards Lucius Hostilius Mancinus the Consul Emilianus's Colleague fearing lest they should invade the Vaccei and Celtiberi came so suddenly upon them that he without any Difficulty overthrew 30000 of them killing many and putting the rest to flight Popilius succeeded Emilianus in the Government of Lusitania when Viriatus finding himself weak made some Overtures of Peace deceitfully for at the same time he stirred up the People about Numantia to make War and he in the Territories of Riba de Coa committed all manner of Cruelties upon the Romans even upon those that submitted themselves to him Popilius routed Popilius hasting to their Relief was in a pitch'd Battel shamefully put to flight with the Loss of the best of his Army 6. Viriatus was far enter'd into Castile but understanding that the new Praetor 141. Quintus Pompeius was marching towards Lusitania he turned back to defend his own Country Viriatus put to 〈◊〉 by Pompey The two Armies met near Evora where a bloody Battel was fought Pompey obtained the Victory and Viriatus fled to the Mountain of Venus Here he gathered new Strength and encouraging the Ticii Vaccei and Beli who followed him he marched again to meet the Romans whom he forced to take Shelter in their Trenches leaving behind them 27 Ensigns and 4000 Men slain whereof 500 were Horse The Praetor thus shut up within his Works Viriatus enter'd Andaluzia and summoned Vtica which was kept by a strong Roman Garrison who answered him with Scorn calling him Robber He the better to compass his Revenge marched away in great haste as if he had fled certain Troops of Horse sent from the City pursuing him in the Rear whom he without halting repulsed and so they returned to their Garrison But in the Dead of the Night he marched back and croâ—â—ing several Valleys distant from the City he left his Foot in an Ambuscade himself with the Horse appearing before the City so that many Morasses lay betwixt him and the Walls which were impassable to any that knew them not as well as he At Break of Day his Party being decried from the Walls they were supposed to be some Straglers of the Lusitanian Army and therefore the Garrison sallied out upon them Viriatus at first withdrawing as if he had fled drew them into the Marshes where when they were fast stuck he faced about and put them all to the Sword Those of Vtica after this Action expelled the Roman Garrison and received one of the Lusitanians Viriatus moving thence towards the Streights of Gibraltar wasted the Territories of the Bastetani Pompey not offering to oppose him 7. The Consul 140. Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus was sent from Rome with an Army of 20000 Men to prosecute this War and Micipsa the African King came to his Aid with 10 Elephants and 300 Numidian Horse With this Force he marched to Vtica where Viriatus lay who after some Skirmishes his Provisionâ— failing retired into Lusitania to secure the Harvest In the mean while a good Body of his Men commanded by two noted Captains called Curius and Apuleyus broke into Andaluzia The Consul with his whole Army marched towards them and for the more Expedition left his Baggage behind him with a small Guard Fabius Maximus defeats the Spanish Aâ—mâ— and kills Curius their General The Lusitanians informed thereof took another Way and with a Compass deceiving the Consul plunder'd his Baggage He turning suddenly upon them whilst they were busie in robbing a Convoy of Provisions put them to flight killing Curius their Captain and recovering the Booty Thence the Consul moving he took five Towns Garrison'd by the Lusitanians upon Articles which he performed not turning them over to the Fury of his Soldiers Viriatus hasted to revenge this Breach of Faith and being come in sight of the Consul he drew up his Foot in a Square Battel with his Horse on both Wings but far advanced before the Foot whom he ordered not to stir till they saw how the Horse behaved themselves against the Elephants They charged the Roman Horse forcing them to retire to their Elephants 139. at the sight of which Another Defeat of the Romans the Spanish Horse disorderly fled the Enemy fiercely pursuing The Foot drew back in good Order
of Candia where there was great store of Provisions and though 10000 Chingalas defended a Wood that lay in the way they were defeated and the Town taken On the 11th of May arrived at Columbo Francis de Mello de Castro sent to command in that Island by D. Bras de Castro with 8 Ships and 150 Foot With him went D. Alvaro de Atayde as General of the Forces but his Age and Diseases rendred him incapable of that Post whereupon Francis de Mello gave it to his Nephew Antony de Mello de Castro who being drove out of the Field by the King of Candia Francis de Mello at the earnest request of all the People restored Gaspar de Figueyra de Serpa to that Command No sooner had he received it but he marched out against the King of Candia and having worsted him in several Encounters forced him to retire to the City Candia near to which he encamped and continued a considerable time underhand raising such jealousies in the King's Mind that he caused him to behead many of his Favourites The Dutch at the same time had agreed with Hidalcan to besiege Goa by Land whilst they blocked it up by Sea promising him the plunder of the Place They came before it according to agreement with a Squadron but Hidalcan failing with his Forces they drew off again without attempting any thing This Year two Galeons sailed from Lisbon for India under the Command of Luis de Mendoza Furtado The Ship Nossa Senhora da Penha de Franca returning home from India was taken by the Hollanders in the latitude of Pernambuco Anno 1654. 1. TO begin this Year Tamericour Lieutenant General of Horse by order of the Count de Soure marched with all the Horse he could gather and some Foot to the Valleys of Mata Moros and St. Ann near the City Xeres All the Country people was retired to those Places and defended them the space of some Hours but being at length defeated the Villages were plundered and burnt which done the Portuguese Troops loaden with Booty returned to their Quarters Very few days passed before another Enterprize of more Consequence had the desired Success Oliva taken by the Portugueses Oliva was a large Town not far from the City Xerez defended by an old Castle and was the Receptacle of the Spaniards when they made incursions on that side Thither Andrew de Albuquerque though not well recovered of his Wounds marched with 2000 Foot and 1500 Horse By break of day he attacked the Town and made himself master of it without any difficulty At the Castle he found more opposition because two Petards he applyed to the Gates failed of the intended effect and all the Spaniards able to bear Arms had retired thither However Albuquerque lodged himself under the Wall and began to carry on two Mines The Besieged perceiving it began to parley and after three days surrendred upon Condition every one might take with him what he could carry The Booty was great because not only the Inhabitants of Oliva but of many other Towns had conveyed their Goods thither as to a place of Security This Conquest cost the Lives of 42 Men. Albuquerque added some Works to the place and leaving a Garrison in it returned to Elvas The Count de Soure having obtained leave to repair to Lisbon Andrew de Albuquerque was left supream Commander in the Province of Alentejo The King expresly commanded him to forbear making any Incursions into the Spanish Territories or driving thence any Cattle except such Horses as were fit for Service The Duke de S. German the Spanish General upon notice hereof offered to agree that no harm should be done on either side to the Country people but Albuquerque representing to the King the great Advantages that accrewed to his Army by these Incursions the King recalled his former Order and the War was carryed on as before The Spaniards The Spaniards carry off a great Booty to shew they had not made those Overtures for want of Strength drove a great Prey from the Territory of Monsaras and the Captains Denis de Mello and John Ferreyra da Cunha with their Troops attempting to recover it were defeated and they with 34 of their Men taken but soon set at liberty it being agreed that Prisoners should be discharged 2. Scarce any thing of Note happened this Year in any of the other Provinces both sides for the most part contenting themselves to preserve their own and save the Country People from Destruction Antony de Andrade de Oliva who had been a Franciscan Fryer and left that Order upon several Pretexts had now obtained leave of the King to go into Spain upon some odd Project as he was a Man of a restless Spirit returning thence Some Persons apprehended upon a false Information of their corresponding with Castile he accussed Sebastian Caesar de Meneses and his Brother F. James Caesar of holding Correspondence with the Spaniards whereupon they were both secured and committed to Prison where they continued a long time Francis de Sousa Coutinho returned this Year to the Ambassy at the French Court where nothing occurred worth relating no more that at Rome or in Holland things continuing still there in the same Posture The Count de Penaguiao not able to bear the loss of his Brother having concluded a Peace with the Usurper Oliver returned home carrying with him the Ratification of the Peace 3. Francis Barreto the General of Pernambuco meeting with the Amiral Peter Jaques Francis Barreto turns his Blocade at Arrecise into a formal Siege and his Vice-Admiral at the Town of Olinda to confer together about putting at end to the long Blocade they had made of the Dutch and having called a Council of War it was resolved to turn it into a formal Siege In order to it they agreed their first attempt must be to gain the Fort called Rego which was upon the Salt pits Peter Jaquez went away to the Fleet with a Resolution so to secure the Bar of Arrecife that no Succour might possibly be conveyed in On the 5th of January the Works by Land were advanced nearer and the Enemy shut up within a narrower Compass and a Battery of 9 Pieces of Cannon raised against the Fort Rego Collonel Andrew Vidal taking up his Post there On the 11th of January Francis Barreto with 2500 Foot marched to the Fort raised two batteries the one of 7 and the other of 5 Pieces of Cannon and began to carry on his approaches with great Art That Night they came within Musket-shot of the Fort. On the 15th both the Cannon and small shot played incessantly on bothsides the Dutch at the same time attempting to put some succour into the Fort but were disappointed That Night Hugh Naquer who Commanded in the Fort Surrendred Capitulating for the Garrison to march out with their Armes and to be sent to Portugal Before day he marched out with 70 Men. Two Companies of Portugueses were
put into it Hence Francis Barreto marched to the Fort Altanar which after some short resistance was delivered upon the same conditions as the other Before the taking of this Fort the Dutch had abandoned 3 others and now quitted 3 more with the same precipitation Barreto designing next to attack the Fort of Sinco Pontas was informed that the Enemy had secured a Post he thought to have lodged his Men upon whereupon he sent Collonel Andrew Vidal with 1000 Men to dislodge them which he did and Fortifyed himself in the same Place Next Morning the Canon was conveyed thither and the Trenches were opened against the Fort Sinco Pontas The Dutch perceiving the danger to approach made overtures for a Surrender which were easily admitted and after some days Spent in adjusting all differences they finally agreed upon the following Articles That the Dutch should remain possest of all their moveables That they should have some of their own Ships with Iron Guns to Transport them to Holland That such as would might stay there and be Treated in point of Religion as they were in Portugal That all the Out-Forts be put into the hands of the Portugueses with their Artillery and Ammunition That a Garrison be immediately received into Arrecife and the City Mauricea where the Dutch might continue 3 Months but without any Sort of Armes That all Ships coming from Holland for Four months to come have the Liberty of all those Ports That the Dutch give hostages to secure the Surrender of all other places they possest belonging to Portugal on that Coast That the Indians Mulattos and Blacks who served be pardoned These were the principall Articles signed on both sides the 26th of January Next day the Portugueses took possession of all the Posts where they found 121 brass Guns 170 of Iron Ammunition and provision for a Year and great quantity of Stores The same Night that Arrecife was delivered a Dutch Lieutenant Collonel fled over to the Island Itamaraca and perswading the People there that the Portugueses spared neither Sex nor Age they Shipt themselves and goods on board two Frigats and Sailing to Paraiba spread the same Terror there obliging Collonel Autin who Commanded against his will to Embark on a Ship that arrived there from India and leaving the Fort in possession of 50 Portugueses who were prisoners there All other places in Brazil were recovered with the same ease to the great honour of Francis Barreto after the Dutch had Tyrannically possest themselves of them for the Space of 30 years reckoning from their first coming thither which was in the Year 1624. The recovery of Pernambuco hapned 8 days after D. Hirome de Ataide Count de Altouguia had taken possession of the Government of Brazil at Bahia being successor to the Count de Castello Melhor Collonel Andrew Vidal was sent to carry this good News to the King who rewarded him and all the cheif Officers according to their Merit 4. Our Affairs in India were not so successful as in America The War in India unsuccessfull to Portugal D. Bras de Castro continued in the Government no Vice-Roy being yet come to call him to account for his Usurpation Francis de Mello who commanded in Ceilon sent out Antony Mendez Aranha with 400 Portugueses and some Chingalas to endeavour to fight the Dutch but they avoided coming to blows as much as could be knowing that want of Provisions would in time ruine us He marched and in the way to Calature found an Entrenchment guarded by some Blacks whom he defeated Then advancing to Diagao a place where he must pass the River he found it Guarded by two Companies of Dutch and a Number of Chingalas upon whom he kept Firing for the Space of 10 days and having provided boats to waft his Men over the Dutch quitted the Post and he possessed himself of it He continued 30 days about Calature hoping to draw out the Dutch and then finding his Design succeeded not marched through the Country of Alicaao then subject to the Enemy destroying all that stood in his way Here he received orders to march up the Country in order to furnish Columbo with provisions whereof there was great scarcity and when he had Spent 20 days without finding any so that his Men were consumed with Labour and want 700 Dutch with a great Number of Chingalas lay in the way he was to pass at Tebuna to intercept him Antony Mendez drew up his Men under cover and keeping a continual fire upon the Enemy who were on a rising ground drove them thence After this Action he received advice from Columbo that Five Galeons were arrived there with relief from Goa yet they left the City in no better condition then they found it for having in an Engagement near Gale lost their two Commadores the other Captains fell at odds about the cheif command and putting to Sea met 11 Dutch men of War by whom they were all destroyed The Dutch now wanting men in other places abandoned Calature which Antony Mendez possessed himself of as also of the Port Alicao three Leagues from Gale His good Services being mis-represented by his Enemies he was call'd away and his Command given to Gaspar de Araujo Pereyra who being soon found incapable of it Antony Mendes was again restored The Dutch repenting they had quitted Araujo and Calature had battered the former the space of 15 days and passed the River to attack it the same day that Antony Mendez arrived there He seeing no possibility of maintaining it resolved to march off his Men to Columbo but the Enemy having wholly cut off his Retreat he was forced to engage them having chose an advantagious Post which his Men maintained with incredible Bravery till a chance Bullet flying into the Enemies Powder blew up all their Ammunition killing above 50 of them whereupon the rest fled leaving 200 of their Companions dead upon the spot this was the end of this Years Actions there Three Ships sailed from Lisbon for India one whereof was cast away upon the Bar of Goa Anno 1655. 1. THE War in all parts of Portugal Very small matter this Year of martial Exploits was this Year carryed on with so little Vigour that it is scarce worth the mentioning but that something must be said to carry on the Series of the History The Provinces of Alentejo and Entre Duero and Minho afford us no matter at all John Mendez de Vasconcellos who governed that of Tros os Montes and the foregoing Years had continued in perfect Peace had now received Orders from the King as had all the other Governors to infest the Enemies Frontiers with Incursions which he put in Execution The Spaniards in revenge drove all the Cattle about Miranda but Antony Jaques de Payva who commanded in that Town sent out a party which defeating the Enemy recovered all the Prey and brought away all the Cattle of the Spaniards that grazed about Samil This done Antony Jaques with
Garrison being streightned for Provisions and he having intercepted a Vessel coming to their relief 6. Whilst these things were doing the Portugueses of the River of St. Francis following the example of the rest of their Countrey-Men falling upon the Dutch who would have secured the principal Men among them flew some and drove the rest out of Town Then besieging them in the Fort and being reinforced by some Companies sent by the Governour of Bahia they obliged them to surrender and rased the Fort that the Enemy might never think of recovering it Andrew de Rocha de Antas and Valentin de Rocha were the principal promoters and managers of this enterprize who having delivered their own Province marched with the Soldiers and such others as would follow them to joyn John Fernandez and his Forces before Arrecife Here it was resolved to Attack the Island Itamaraca whence the Besieged had all their sustenance The Design was put in execution with 800 Men who falling to plunder before they had secured the Victory were repulsed 80 of them being slain and many wounded The Besieged made a great sally upon the quarter where Henry Dias Commanded but his Blacks received them with such bravery that very few returned to the Town Nevertheless having agreed with a Regiment of Dutch that served the Portugueses that in the heat of the Action they should fall upon them they ventured to make another Sally but with no better success the Treachery of the Hollanders being timely prevented by their Collonel who suspected their fidelity A few days after 130 of them Deserted whereupon the rest were disarmed and sent away to Bahia except only the Colonel Theodosius Straet who was found innocent and served to the last But it is time we leave them to the next Year 7. At Tangier the new Governour D. Gaston Coutinho made an inroad into the Countrey with 150 Horse overthrew a Party of Moors and returned with a great booty which proved fatal to Tangierâ— for the Plague then raging among the Moors was brought into the Town and in half a years time carried off 1700 persons a great number for that small place The Affairs of India we related in the last Year and have nothing more but that D. Philip de Mascarenhas the new Vice-Roy Arrived at Goa from Ceylon and entred upon the Government The Truce with the Hollanders is the cause there will be little to say relating to those parts Six Ships sailed this Year from Lisbon for India and arrived in safety Anno 1646. 1. D. John Mendez de Vasconcellos the Portuguese General for the Province of Alentejo The Portugueses ravage the Frontiers of Estremadura had an Army of 10000 Foot and 2000 Horse about Elvas rather to serve the interest of the Catalonians than for any desire King John had to make any incursion into Estremadura D. Roderick de Castro General of the Horse and his Lieutenant D. John Mascarenhas were ordered to march with 600 Horse carrying 300 Foot behind them to Olivenza where they should receive farther Orders of what was to be done on the 17th of July at Night They marched with great secrecy and having there received instructions continued their march thence all Night and at break of day without meeting the least opposition entred plundered and burnt the Town of Sta. Marta bringing away a great booty though the place was eight Leagues up the Countrey betwixt Badajoz and Cafra The same from the Province of Beira The Portugeses of the Province of Beira were not idle but made a road as far as Valverde driving away all the Cattle and taking many Prisoners Not content with what was done they advanced to Silleros a place six Leagues higher in the Countrey but here they met not with their usual success for after some skirmishing they were forced to retire The Spaniards to divert the Enemy from ravaging Castile on the 5th of August Attacked Fiaces but to no purpose for tho' the Wall was low and weak it was so resolutely defended that they were forced to quit the enterprize 2. Wherever the Portugueses came The Portugueses take Codisseira they utterly destroyed all before them that the Enemies Frontiers being bare and desolate they might find the greater difficulties if they attempted to invade Portugal Now to remove the Spaniards still farther off and in case the War continued to employ them about recovering of their own or if a Treaty of Peace were set on Foot to have something to restore they were resolv'd to attempt the taking of Codisseira This place was considerable as well for its Riches as the Strength of the Castle and Number of its Garrison The Count de Alegrette who as has been said was rewarded with that Title by the King to show himself worthy of it resolved to use his utmost Endeavours to gain this place It was difficult to carry it by open Force and a Seige and therefore he concluded upon a Surprize Having chosen 600 Foot and some Troops of Horse backed by a good Number of Voluntiers and provided Scaling Ladders Petards and all other Necessaries he Marched by the way of Portalegre and Elvas to Aronches where he was reinforced by other Troops and Voluntiers with which Forces he posted himself within a League of Codisseira There he halted till Night having secured all the Men he met by the way That none might carry Intelligence to the Enemy His eagerness made him think it dark enough sooner than really it was And therefore approaching the Place whilst yet some glimmering of Light was abroad he was discovered at a distance by a Sharp sighted Sentinel who giving the Alarm in the Town was soon answered by the Castle in both which Places As well the Inhabitants as Souldiers Ran to the Walls and put themselves in a posture of Defence Notwithstanding all the opposition made from the Walls the Portugueses boldly made up to the Gate and Fired the Petards at the Town and Castle Gates which were torn in pieces and they Entring put to the Sword all they found in Arms. D. John de Guevara was retired into the great Market-place with many of his Officers hoping there to Maintain his honour but the harm they did among the Portugueses enraged them the more so that they were scarce satisfyed to disarm and make them prisoners of War The Danger being over they fell to plundering the Town and not so content set fire to it reducing to ashes the place they designed to have maintained This success made the Victors think of attempting Badajoz They marched to Telena a Fort Built the foregoing Year They Attempt Badajoz by the Marquess de Leganez 〈…〉 work to Badajoz There were in it 150 Spaniards who at the first Summons basely Surrendred upon discretion and the Fort was demolished Whilst the 〈◊〉 were at work the Forces advanced to Badajoz where the Marquess de Moâ—inguen was Governour who presently marched out with 7000 Foot and 150 〈◊〉 The Portugueses
Lisbon F. Bartholomew Gerreiro a Jesuit had told him that many Sebastianists so they called those affected to the line of Braganzza desired him not to depart Portugal because they thought his Presence necessary for carrying on their Designs that nevertheless he would not see any of them but went away for Germany Next they asked him whether he had given the King meaning the Catholick King an account of those Words he said he had not as making no account of them but had immediately departed the Kingdom They also put Questions to him about the Healths he had drunk and the words he spoke upon the changing his Confessor but they laid the chief stress on the words spoke by F. Guerreiro and his not discovering them to the King for which they pretended he was guilty of High-Treason and consequently deserved Death D. Edward pleaded that he being a Knight of the Military Order of Christ the judgment of secular Judges against him was void To this they answered that in cases of High-Treason those Priviledges cease besides that two of the Judges were also Knights of Military Orders Death put an end to this Controversie for the Prisoner falling Sick either through his long Suffering or some other Cause put the same period to his Life and Imprisonment 6. For the better settlement of the Affairs of the Nation The Cortes or Parliament meet then in some disorder through the long continuance of the War the King had summoned the Cortes or Parliament to meet in December of the foregoing Year They being accordingly assembled redressed many Grievances occasioned by the Army ordered that for defence of the Frontiers there should be kept in Pay 16000 Foot and 4000 Horse and as well for the payment of them as other Expences of the War assigned 2150000 Cruzados which in English Money is 286666 l. 13 s 4 d. allowing 3000 Reis to the pound according to the common Computation 7. We left the Portugueses at Pernambuco last Year successful on both sides The War in Brazil and besieging the Hollanders in their Towns all along the Coast These last erected a new Fort to secure the Communication between Sinco Pontas and Afâ—â—gados but their Garrisons attempting to cast down the Woods that were in the way were obliged to quit that Work with the loss of many Men. At the same time D. Antony Philip Camarhao who was gone to reduce the Indians of Rio Grande gave a great overthrow to the Dutch who came to attack him with 500 Men of their own and 1000 Indians The News of this success being brought to John Ferdinandez Viegra he sent for Andrew Vidal with six Companies to reinforce the Victors To the end the Enemy might not perceive his Forces were lessened he kept them in continual Alarm and Henry Diaz who commanded the Blacks with only his own Men took the new Fort the Dutch had erected putting all within it to the Sword Andrew Vidal at Paraiba having laid himself in Ambush sent out 40 Portugueses who drew 220 Dutch and Indianâ— into the Snare where they all perished Both the Besieged and the Besiegers at Pernambuco suffered great Want but several methods were found to relieve the latter The former had no hopes but in a Fleet they expected from Holland They had three Ships which lay to secure their passage to the Island Itamaraca and other parts of the Continent which John Fernandez Vieyra perceiving he attack'd them with 500 Men in Boats who took one and burnt the other two then passing over to the Shore he drove the Defendants from several small redoubts and erected a Fort at the Port St. Mark in which he left 200 Men with 18 pieces of Cannon which he had taken from the Enemy 8. The Dutch were now reduced to the last Extremity The Dutch in Brasil receive Succors when 3 Ships arrived from Holland bringing Provisions Ammunition and Men as also an Account that two Fleets were fitting out the one to secure Pernambuco the other to conquer Bahia Near the same time a small Ship and two Caravels brought some relief to the Besiegers from Portugal John Farnandez Vieyra was several times warned that a Conspiracy was carryed on against his Life yet he still slighted the Advice till being one day advanced from his Company he saw three Fire-locks levelled at him whereof only one gave Fire and shot him through the Shoulder Nevertheless he pardoned the Conspirators contenting himself with only a verbal Check given them Face to Face Now at length arrived a great Fleet from Holland under the Command of Sigismund Van Scop with 4000 Men and all other Necessaries To oppose this great Power the Portuguese Commanders gather'd all the Souldiers and Inhabitants that were before dispersed in places of less Consequence and so considerably encreased their Force that they stood no longer in fear of their Enemies On the 5th of August Sigismund Van Scop marched with 1200 Men to attack the Town of Olinda but a pass that led to it being well fortifyed he twice assaulted it and was as often repulsed with great loss and himself wounded The following Night 1000 Men sallyed upon one of the Portuguese Quarters but with with no better Success After this Sigismund raised some small Forts in convenient places as well to secure that Coast as to amuze his Enemies his design being as soon as his Fleet could be made ready to sail for Bahia and make himself Master of that Place but that belongs to another Year 9. Africk this Year affords us nothing remarkarble Affairs in Africk and India only some Incursions of D. Gaston Coutinho Governor of Tangier and the Martyrdome of Sebastian Gomez who suffered Death with exquisite Torments for his constancy in the Faith D. Phillip Mascarenhas continued in the Government of India where likewise there happened little of moment by reason of the Truce with the Dutch only about the latter end of April 46 Sail lying at Anchor without the Bar of Goa ready to sail the next day such a sudden violent Storm arose that not a Vessel or so much as one Man was saved but all together perished in the Sea Anno 1647. 1. JOhn Mendez de Vasconcellâ—s Several Enterprises on the Frontiers of Alentejo who still commanded in Alentejo finding his Forces too weak to withstand the many Incursions of the Enemy applyed himself with great diligence to fortifie the Frontiers and particularly Ouguela and Campo Mayor but upon Advice that the King had appointed Martin Alfonso de Melo Governor of that Province he retired to Lisbon being unwilling to serve under him Andrew de Albuquerque General of the Artillery commanded during the Absence of the Governour No sooner was he vested with this Power but the Spaniards made an Incursion with all their Horse into the Country betwixt Geromenha and Elvas and carryed away a great Prey Albuquerque though he drew out of Elvas being too weak to oppose them To revenge this he sent Henry de
him but it took no effect On the 18th of April he took the Field with 7500 Foot 500 Seamen 300 Indians 5 pieces of Cannon and a great quantity of Ammunition and marching to the Fort Barreta the Captain who commanded there unadvisedly went out with 80 Men most of whom were kill'd the Captain taken and his Ensign surrendred the Fort. Francis Barreto who commanded the Portugueses having called a Council of War it was resolved to give the Enemy Battle though at such great odds rather than stay to be beaten out of all their Posts by degrees According to this Resolution they marched and posted themselves in a small Plain at the Foot of the Mountains Gararapes on the 16th of April They sent out Major Antony Diaz Cardoso with 20 Men to observe the Enemy who stirred not that Night but appeared next Morning being Low Sunday upon the Mountains Antony Dias with his 20 Men and 40 Indians that had joyned him skirmishing in their Van. The Enemy drawing near our Men attack'd them with Sword in Hand and at the first Charge disordered their Van which retiring to the other Troops endeavoured to rally Henry Dias with his Regiment pressing hard upon them was overpowred by the fresh Troops and forced to give way so that many of the Portugueses who were disordered in Confidence of the Victory began to fly Francis Barreto in good time rallyed them and charging the Enemy again recovered the Day Yet the Dutch were not soon broke for the Fight continued four Hours very obstinate At last the Dutch gave way and retired to a Hill whether Francis Barreto thought not good to pursue them because his Men were spent with Travel and fasting 24 Hours There were taken 33 Colours many Arms and a great Booty At Night the Enemy returned to the Shoar leaving behind 1000 Dead and carrying 523 wounded of the Portugueses 80 were killed and 400 wounded This done Francis Barreto marched back to possess his former Quarters hoping the Enemy was not in a Condition to destroy them and so it proved for they had only possessed themselves of the Fort Barreta and Town of Olinda which last he resolved to recover At Night he sent Henry Diaz with his Regiment and some other Companies who drove out the Enemy killing 160 of them and recovered 5 pieces of Canon Francis Barreto ordered the Works to be rased and his Men to retire to their Post Sigismund Vanscop sent a Drum demanding exchange of Prisoners which was refused and they all sent away to Bahia Some Ships of the Dutch Fleet that had been separated by Storm arriving now Sigismund several times attacked the Quarters of Henry Dias but was as often valiantly repulsed by the Blacks There was great want of Men and Provisions in our Quarters which was in some measure remedyed by the arrival of Collonel Francis de Figueyroa from Bahia with 300 Men and a quantity of Cattle The joy of this Succour was abated by the Death of D. Antony Philip Camarao Governor of the Indians a good Christian and resolute Soldier Sigismund Vanscop perceiving Fortune favour'd him not at Pernambuco put to Sea with some Ships and landing in several parts of Baâ—ia returned with a great Booty he had gather'd Francis Barreto growing better versed in the Affairs of that Country continued the War with good Conduct as we shall see in the following Years 4. It has been said above that Salvador Correa was sent from Lisbon with the Title of Governour of Rio de Janeyro The Dutch beaten out of Angola in Africk and General of the Kingdom of Angola In January he arrived at Rio de Janeyro and found there Emanuel Pacheco de Mello with the 5 Ships sent by the Count de Villa Pouca in pursuance of the King's Orders Salvador Correa was no sooner landed but he called a Council to deliberate about recovering the Kingdom of Angola It was unanimously resolved to go upon the Enterprize and for the carrying of it on the Inhabitants contributed 55000 Cruzadoes which is 7333l 06 s. 04 d. This encouraged him to hire 6 Ships and buy 4 small Vessels He listed 900 Land Men and 600 Sea-men and having made all necessary Provision for them sailed for Angola on the 12th of May with 15 Sail. The weather proved so bad his small Vessels could not keep up with him However he arrived at Quicombo where he was ordered to raise a Fort and landed to view the place Five days after arrived his Vice-Admiral and two of the small Vessels but the Night following the Vice-Admiral sunk in the Bay without the least Wind no Man knowing what should be the cause of it In her perished 360 Men for only two were saved Salvador Correa called a Council where he proposed that though the King's Orders were not to make War upon the Dutch as supposing they lived peaceably with the Portugueses yet finding on the Contrary that they ceased not to make War upon those who were retired up the Country he thought it was but reasonable to assist their Country Men and expell those Usurpers All that were present answered they would either recover Angola or dye With this unanimous Consent he set sail again and arrived at Loanda Having taken a Black he reported that 300 Dutch with 3000 Blacks so streightned the Portugueses who were fled to the City Masangano that it was impossible to have any Correspondence with them Having received this Confirmation of the unjust proceedings of the Dutch he sent to summon the Governor of Loanda to surrender This Message so surprized him that he sent to desire only 8 days to resolve what was to be done Salvador Correa perceiving this was only to gain Time to call in their Men that were Abroad replyed he would grant two Days after which they must expect to be treated with the utmost Rigour They accepted of the offer and in that time gather'd all the Force they could into the Fort of St. Michael which commands the City and that of our Lady on the Shoar both which can contain 5000 Men. At the expiration of the two days Salvador Correa sent to know whether they were ready to surrender but they answered they were resolved to hold out to the last Hereupon he instantly landed 900 Men and marched to the Town which he entred without Opposition possessing himself of the Fort S. Antony abandoned by the Enemy who had left in it 8 pieces of Canon whereof only two were nailed With the other 6 and 4 Demi-Canon brought from the Ships he formed two Batteries that Night which at break of Day began to play on the Fort of St. Michael but not with any considerable effect Salvador Correa displeased at this disappointment and more at the News that the Dutch had defeated the Portugueses at Masangano resolved to venture upon a desperate Action which was to assault both the Forts joyned by a Line of Communication and defended by 1200 Dutch French and Germans and as many Blacks
A few days after he sailed out and the Enemy again standing to Sea they were surprized by so terrible a Storm that all the Fleet was dispersed some Ships drove to Algarve and one falling into the English Fleet was taken The Tempest ceasing the English discovered the Brazil Fleet of which they took 15 sail and Winter coming on returned home This gave the two Princes an opportunity of putting to Sea again after acknowledging the many favours they had received of the King and particularly that of protecting them though contrary to his own interest and the Maxims of State Policy 4. Since the departure of the Marquess de Niza Christipher Soares de Abreu continued at the Court of France Proceedings of several Ambassadors where by reason of the troubles of that Kingdom no further progress was made as to the Affairs of Portugal but the Friendship before Established continued firm All his sollicitations at Rome having proved ineffectual the King now resolved not to trouble the Pope further so that nothing new hapned at that Court Francis de Sousa Coutinho was still Embassador in Holland and dexterously diverted those People from sending supplies to Brasil The States having Endeavoured to corrupt his Secretary that they might see the Kings Letters he improved their artifice to his own Advantage For his Secretary having acquainted him with the overtures made to him he ordered him to consent to them and having filled up several blanks he had under the Kings hand as he thought convenient delivered them to the Secretary who conveyed them to the States and they supposing them to have been the Kings Letters were thereby induced to deferr sending a Fleet they had designed for Brazil It was not long after this when a Servant of his having accidentally Shot a Coachman the Rabble rose and made 3 Assaults upon his House and had certainly Murdered him and his whole Family had he not been relieved by the Prince of Orange his Guards In September Antony de Sousa de Macedo who had been Embassador in England came to the Hague and Francis de Sousa went away to Resâ—â—e as Embassador at the French Court. Since the departure of Antony de Sousa from London there was no Portugues Minister there that whole Kingdom being then in confusion 5. We left Francis Barreto the Portugues General in Brazil Twice Victorious over the Dutch The War in Brazil prosecuted in the Mountains Gararapes Sigismund Vanscop the Dutch Commander thinking this success had rendred the Portugueses less vigilant made a sally at break of Day upon the quarter of Captain Antony Borges Vchoa who having Notice of his approach received him so warmly without his works that he was soon Forced to retire leaving many of his Men dead behind him The Dutch General made many other Sallies both before and after this but none considerable till the 7th of October when he attempted the quarter of Captain Emanuel de Aguiar with all the Foot in the Garrison but neither here was his Success any better than in the former Attempt On the 15th of December they again Marched out and lay close in ambush near the Salt-pits but the Portugueses having intimation of the Place they lay in attacked them there and after a Vigorous resistance put them to flight with considerable Slaughter In these and the like attempts the Year was Spent the Enemy still decreasing in power as receiving no supplies from Holland our Embassador Francis de Sousa artificially diverting all that were designed for them 6. The Baron de Alvito who governed Tangier knowing the chief support of that place consisted in the booties brought in from the Countrey Tangier and India ceased not to surprize the Moors in several parts and brought home considerable preys which was a great relief to the Garrison Nunho da Cunha did the same at Marzagao and in one incursion killed 300 Infidels and brought away 47 Captives D. Francis de Noronha succeeded him in that post and entred upon his Command with no less success than his Predecessor went off In India D. Philip Mascarenhas was still Vice-Roy and this being the last Year of the Truce with the Hollanders they seemed inclined to attempt the Kingdom of Jafanapatan before it was expired This obliged the Vice-Roy to send a Fleet under the Command of D. Roderick de Monsanto to the relief of that place but the Dutch attempting nothing the Fleet returned to Goa The Count de Aveyras sailed from Lisbon this Year to be the second time Vice-Roy of India but he died by the way Four Ships and two Caravels were sent this Year for India Anno 1651. 1. D. John da Costa governed the Province of Alentejo Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Alentejo as was said the last Year during the absence of the Count de St. Lorenzo which continued till the Year 1657. Through the negligence of the Commissaries of the stores Forrage grew so scarce on the Frontiers that several Troops of Horse were forced to retire from Elvas and Campo Mayor farther into the Countrey The Spaniards made their advantage of this opportunity for a Party of 1200 Horse and 600 Foot from Badajoz carried away a great booty from the Territory of Villaboim there being no Troops in readiness to oppose them To revenge this loss D. John da Costa ordered Andrew de Albuquerque General of the Horse with 1000 of them and 800 Foot to make himself Master of Salvatierra which is six Leagues from Olivenza and where the Spanish Commissary-General John de Rozales then was with some Troops Andrew de Albuquerque assembled his Troops at Olivenza and marched with such secrecy to Salvatiera that he had secured all the avenues before the Enemy heard of his approach The Foot broke into the Town with little opposition and with as little took the Castle where they made 100 Horse Prisoners The booty was very considerable the Town consisting of 400 Houses Andrew de Albuquerque returned to Olivenza having lost but three Men in this Action for certain Troops of the Enemy that appeared served only to be Witnesses of the burning of the Town Some few days after D. John da Costa lay in ambush to cut off the Troops of Badajoz that used to come out to Forrage between the Rivers Guadiana and Caya but they not going out that day his Design was disappointed His Horse being now much out of Case for want of Forrage the scarcity till continuing he studied all means how to disable the Enemies Troops Being informed that they had turned 400 Horses to grass near Medellen which is 16 Leagues from Campo Mayor he gave charge to Captain Emanuel de Saldanha to endeavour to destroy them Saldanha committed this Enterprize to his Lieutenant Francis Lobo who set forward twice with only 10 Men to put this in Execution but discovering parties of the Enemy both times he was forced to return The third time he went through and having defeated 15 Men that guarded the
250 Horse and 200 Foot marched to Caravajales and passing by that place without Opposition burnt the Town of Tavora and 19 Villages returning with a great Booty Soon after 500 Spanish Foot and 150 Horse having gathered all the Cattle about Ifanes Antony Jaques set upon them with a lesser number yet with such Valour that few of the 500 Foot escaped being kill'd or taken The People of Gallicia offered John Mendez a Cessation of Arms which he accepted of but the King not approving of it it was of no Continuance 2. John de Mello Feyo Small incursions in Beâ—â—â—a governing that part of Beira which was before subject to D. Roderick de Castro resolved not to be idle Having borrowed 150 Horse of Nuno da Cunha who Commanded in the other part of the Province and joyned them to Six Troops of his own and a Regiment of Foot he marched to Villa Vieja Nine Leagues from the Frontiers towards Cuidad Rodrigo After plundering Villa Vieja he charged a body of 300 Spanish Horse and as many Foot that was gathered to oppose him and after a Vigorous resistance made by them in so much that at the first his party seemed to decline he put them to flight pursuing them as far as S. Felices Antony Soares da Costa Governour of the Castle of Salvaterra held a friendly correspondence which is allowed of in time of War between Gentlemen A doâ—ble piâ—ce of Treachery tho' serving in opposite parties with D. Alfonso de Sande a Spanish Officer This familiarity increasing D. Alfonso took occasion to make proposals to Antony Soares for delivering up that Castle to the King of Spain promising him large rewards for that Service Antony Soares pretending an Inclination to comply carryed on the Negotiation till he obtained a Letter from D. Lewis de Haro prime Minister of Spain with a scedule under that Kings hand containing Large promises if he delivered the place Having received these assurances he resolved to Revenge the wrong done to his Reputation in attempting his Fidelity He agreed with D. Alfonso to receive him with 30 more into the Castle of Salvaterra in disguize as if they came thither to Trade leaving the rest of the Troops belonging to Alcantara ready in a Wood hard by The day being appointed D. Alfonso came according to agreement and a small wicket of the Castle was opened at which the 30 entred one at a time the entrance not being capable of admitting more at once As every one was let in Antony Soarez caused his brains to be dashed out with a Club and in this manner cruelly butchered all the 30 reserving only D. Alfonso de Sande whom after sending an account to the King of his barbarity he inhumanly tyed to the mouth of a Canon and giving fire to it shattered his body into atoms Antony Soarez might have been faithfull to his King without committing an act so full of horror which he himself could not but have abominated if committed by the most barbarous Infidels and which cannot but appear execrable in the sight of all that profess the name of Christians 3. The Portuguese Affairs in other parts of Europe continued much in the same posture we left them For the several proposalls made in France for concluding a League offensive and defensive all came to nothing Nothing of moment done in forreign courts or at Tangier Nor could there any thing be done at Rome the Pope being fully bent against passing the Bulls for the Portuguese Bishops The Dutch had resolved to revenge the Loss of Pernambuco upon the Trade of Portugal but the plague which raged amongst them disappointed their designs In England the Peace was concluded and ratifyed with the Usurper America yield us no subject for History since the Expulsion of the Hollanders out of Brazil where the Count de Atouguia was supream governour Neither is there much to be said of Africk where D. Roderick de Alencastre still Governed Tangier which was this year Three days beset by 10000 Moors under the Command of Gaylan who did no other harm save the spoiling of some gardens D. Francis de Noronha Governour of Mazagao having obtained leave to return home left that Command to Nuno da Cunha who had held it before and he dying the King sent Alexander de Sousa Freyre to succeed him 4. The Count de Sarzedas was sent this Year Vice-Roy into India Considerable losses of the Portugueses in India who arriving at Goa secured D. Bras de Castro and all those that had any hand in the imprisonment of the Count de Obides sending them to Portugal there to receive the punishment due to their crimes He next applyed himself with great care to regulating all disorders in that government and to releive Ceilon then in distress but death cut him off in the midst of his progress which we may conclude to be the principall cause of the loss of that Island the manner whereof we are now to declare tho' the surrender was not tilâ— the following year 1656. At the beginning of this Year Gaspar Figuegra de Serpa had waged War so successfully upon the King of Candia that he had reduced him to Peace The Dutch layed siege to Calature and continued before it 10 days at the End whereof finding themselves too weak to carry it they departed Before D. Bras de Castro was deposed from the government of India he sent Antony de Sousa to succeed Francis de Mello in the Government of Ceilon with Six Galliots and Two pinks laden with provisions and other necessaries Meeting Two Dutch Men of War these small Vessels were dispersed Two of them ran ashore two made their way to Columbo and Antony de Sousa with Two more got into Jafanapatan Thence he went by Sea to the Port Putelao 15 Leagues from Columbo where Antony Mendez Aranha met and conducted him safe by Land to that City into which he was received with great joy and Francis de Mello put him in possession of the government Twelve Dutch Men of War arrived at Ceilon from Batavia Six of them lay before the Barr of Columbo the other Six made their way to Calature where Landing their men they layed Seige to it and the place being very ill provided after the Garrison had endured the utmost Extremities it was at last surrendred upon honourable Termes Gaspar Figueyra de Serpa not knowing that Calature was lost advanced with 500 Portugueses to endeavour to put some succour into it but being attacked by 1600 Dutch was totally routed and many of his men killed The Hollanders pursuing their Victory came and sate down before Columbo raised Four batteries and playing continually with 12 peices of heavy Canon ruined not only the houses but the works of the Town and gave a furious assault to the Fort Sancta Cruz yet without success for they were repulsed with considerable Loss At the same time severall other attacks were carryed on with great obstinacy insomuch that at last
the Dutch broke into the City where they found no less opposition than without most of them that entred being either killed or wounded At length they were repulsed in all parts with the loss of near 1000 men This discouraged not the Dutch who still carryed on their works with great diligence raising new batteries and lodging themselves upon the edge of the ditch Then they fell to mining which the besieged understanding they countermined and drove them out of all their subterraneous works These losses made the Enemy alter their resolutions and change the Siege into a blockade whereupon the Governour turned out 300 persons that were not fit for Service whereof about 200 escaped into the Mountains The Dutch having received considerable supplies carry on their works anew and again fall to battering of the place incessantly Embassadors from the King of Candia were conducted through the Enemies Camp into the City where they demanded it should be put into the hands of their Master All the answer they received was by thrusting them out of the gates Though they shewed this resolution the City began to be infected with the stench of the dead who were not well buried and Famine raged so violently that it was proved that Mothers had eaten their own Children Gerard Huld the Dutch Generall being killed by a shot in the Head the Governor of Galé who succeeded him in that Command fearing least another General might come and rob him of the Honour of taking the Place carryed on his Works and plyed his Batteries so briskly that several large Breaches were made On the 7th of May 1656. he assaults St. John's Bulwark and carrying it with the same heat enters a new Fort that was raising thence the Dutch venture to break into the Town whence after a long dispute they were beat out and the Besieged following their Advantage recovered the Fort and Bulwark yet fresh Enemies coming on the Dutch again made themselves masters of the latter and lodged themselves therein That Night the Governor of the Town being informed that two Women had eaten their own Children caused them to be shot to pieces at the mouth of great Guns Next Day seeing it impossible to maintain the Place he call'd a Council where it was resolved to surrender After some Debates the Articles were agreed upon which were honourable to the Besieged and in pursuance to them the Governor marched out with only 94 Officers and Soldiers and 100 Towns-men The Hollanders committed all manner of Sacriledge in the Town and without regard to their Articles plunder'd those few Towns-men and Soldiers that were left alive But from so infamous a Nation nothing but Villany can be expected The Count de Sarzedas Vice-Roy of India dying as was said before upon opening the Patents of Succession it appeared that Emanuel Mascarenhas Homem was to fill his Place Four Ships and one Caravel sailed this Year from Lisbon to India Anno 1656. 1. THE King's Distempers which had long molested him No military Exploits of moment this Year daily increased yet he omitted not to apply himself to the Cares of the Government The War was still carryed on with so little Vigour on both sides that nothing occurs this Year but some few Incursions more like Robberies than military Exploits and the consequence of them inconsiderable Skirmishes whereof so many have been already related in the foregoing Years that to say more of them will only serve to nauseate and tire the Reader This quiet was general throughout all the Provinces of the Kingdom and enabled them the better to bear the Storm that ensued after the King's Death for the Spaniards then altering their measures the following Years were full of Action considerable Armies appeared in the Field Bloody Battles were fought and the Portugueses in the end obtained glorious Victories 2. Francis de Sousa Coutinho Negotiations abroad continued still Ambassador at the French Court and maintained the good Correspondence that has always been betwixt that Crown and Portugal The King being desirous before his Death to have his Ambassador admitted by the Pope ordered Francis de Sousa to go in that quality to Rome He obeyed and though assisted by all the interest of France and appearing with as great a Train as any other Ambassador could never obtain to be admitted as such by his Holiness Antony Raposo who resided with the same Character in Holland having received a Letter from the Arch-Duke Leopold iâ—â—â—ting him to discover the Secrets of his Master upon proâ—â—â—e of great Reward sent the Letter to the King The Dutch with the goods News of their Success in Ceylon began to forget their loss at Pernambuco and consequently appeared more favourable to Antony Raposo Francis Ferreyra Rebello who resided in England after the Ratification of the Peace had no Business of moment The Count de Atouguia governed Brazil much beloved and esteemed by the Inhabitants for his Generosity and good Conduct 3. At the beginning of this Year D. Ferdinand de Menezes The Count de Ericeyra succeeds D. Roderick de Castro in the Government of Tangier Count de Ericeyra was sent Governor of Tangier With him went 11 Caravels with recruits of Men and Horses Cloaths and Provisions for the Garrison D. Roderick de Castro having put him into possession of the Government departed and arrived again at Lisbon with the 11 Caravels that carryed the new Governor As soon as the Count had viewed the Garrison he marched out against the Moors and having drawn them within the reach of his Entrenchments where he had placed his Foot with some pieces of Canon made a considerable slaughter among them In May the English Fleet under the command of Montague and Blake appeared before Tangier and asked leave to water which was granred them but they going ashore disorderly some of them were killed by the Moors The Fleet being gone the Count set out his Horse to burn the Corn the Moors had sowed about Tangier which was effectually performed but the Moors pressing hard upon those who had fired it recovered the Cattle they were driving to Tangier Alexander de Sousa governed Mazagao but that place affords nothing but the usual skirmishes with the Moors What happened in India was related the last Year and this furnishes nothing new only two Ships sailed thither this Year 4. The King growing daily more and more infirm The King 's last Sickness and Death and still continuing his Custom of Hunting once a Week went out accordingly on the 25th of October but feeling a great pain in his Side returned home before Noon Some days were spent by the Physicians in applying all sorts of Medicines they thought proper but his Distemper still increasing he at length made his Will and received the Viaticum with great Resignation Those few days he lived after this Preparation were spent in Devotions for the most part and the rest in giving advice to the Queen the Princes his Counsellors Generals and
Accordingly at break of Day the assault was given and though bravely carryed on he was forc'd to retire leaving 163 Men killed and carrying off 160 wounded However he resolved upon a second attack but the Enemy prevented him by hanging out a white Flag and surrendring the Forts Five days after the Surrender the Dutch that were abroad in the Country being 250 with 2000 Blacks upon Advice that the Forts were besieged came to relieve them but finding them lost agreed to be sent away with the rest notwithstanding the Queen Ginga and the King of Congos Officers encouraged them to continue the War The Fort of Benguela hearing what had happened at Loanda was immediately surrendred by the Dutch that held it Salvador Correa having gathered all the Portugueses that were dispersed about the Mountains repeopl'd the City Loanda and sent some Vessels to recover the Island St. Thomas But those Dutch that he sent away passing by that Island and giving an account of their ill success their Country Men there went away with them leaving behind their Artillery and most of their Ammunition which the Portuguese Inhabitants soon made themselves Masters of Not content with this Salvador Correa sent all along that Coast to all places where the Dutch had factories and in two Months wholly cleared the Country of them Being now rid of the Dutch Salvador Correa resolved to take Revenge of Queen Ginga the King of Congo and their Confederates who had assisted them He gave the Charge of this Expedition to Bartholomew de Vasconcellos with whom joyned the King of Dongo and the Jaga of Ambaca who had always been faithful to the Portugueses Vasconcellos soon reduced the King of Congo and other lesser Princes the Island of Loando being taken from the former and new Tributes imposed on him as a Punishment of his Infidelity Queen Ginga fled 300 Leagues up the Country This Queen was Daughter to a King of Angola who was beheaded by the Portugueses in revenge whereof she gathered all the Youth she could killing the old People and Children wherever she came and continued a savage Life in the Mountains with these Robbers always watching all Opportunities of doing harm to the Portugueses Now at length being driven up the Country she sent an Ambassador and concluded Peace with Salvador Correa who so well settled that Kingdom that it continues ever since under the Dominion of Portugal 5. D. Gaston Coutinho continued in the Government of Tangier Africk and India making many inroads into the Country in which he gained much Honour but the Forces in that City being but small he could not make so great advantages as might otherwise be expected of his Valor and Conduct De Philip Mascarenhas the Vice-Roy of India sent D. Alvaro de Ataide with a Squadron to the Coast of Coromandel to fortifie the Town of Negapatam which the Portugueses had lately built The Nayque of Tanjaor in whose Territory it stood sent an Army to hinder the Work D. Alvaro landed 500 Men and after a sharp Dispute put the Indians to flight with much slaughter This done he saw the Fortifications finished and returned to Goa nothing more of Note happened in India during the Government of D. Philip Mascarenhas which lasted till the Year 1651. The War in Portugal being prosecuted with small Force on both sides and the Campaign being often spent in small Incursions do not afford much matter worthy an History which is the Reason the Relations of Affairs at home are so short and the Actions abroad being very considerable though I endeavour to reduce them to as small Compass as may be yet because I would omit nothing that is remarkable they often swell to a greater Bulk than the Domestick and force me to insist longer upon them then I had designed Anno 1649. 1. WE left the Count de S. Lorenzo Count St. Lorenzo his Actions in Alentejo governing the Province of Alentejo with good success This Year knowing that some Troops of Forreign Horse were come to Badajoz he promised Rewards to all Soldiers or Officers that should come over to him performing his Promise to the full with the first that deserted so that in a short time the greatest part of them quitted the Spanish Service At this time all Prisoners on both sides as well Soldiers as Officers not above the Degree of a Captain were set at liberty on both sides In April 600 Spanish Horse driving the Cattle betwixt Fronteyra and Cabeza de Vide were resolutely Charged by the Commissary Generall Tamericourt with 16 Troops and utterly defeated 120 of them killed and double the Number taken The Baron de Molinguen the Spanish Camp-Master Generall after this defeat quitted his Post and D. Francis de Tutavilla Duke of S. German succeeded him At the Request of the Count de S. Lorenzo the Commissary Generall Tamericourt was made Lieutenant Generall of Horse and a Commendary given to the other Commissary Du Quesne There being also great want of Horse King John sold Crown-Lands to the value of 4000 Cruzodoes per Ann to buy Horses to Mount the Cavalry rather than impose new Taxes upon the People The Horse being recruited their Generall Andrew de Albuquerque Marched with the whole Body and the Foot of Elvas Olivenza and Campo Mayor thinking to reduce Albuquerque He plundered and burnt the suburbs but was repulsed by the Town and Castle and returned with loss Neither had John Homem Cardoso sent out by him with 100 Horse to surprize a Spanish Troop better success for Meeting 15 Spanish Horse he charged them and they kept him in play till 7 Troops came up and took John Homem and 60 of of his party Tamericourt now Lieutenant General Marched with 900 Horse to Revenge this loss and having drawn out the Enemy from Badajoz and Talavera tho' they were more Numerous than he put them to flight killing 250 with the loss of 40 of his own These are the most Remarkable actions of this Year in the Province of Altentejo 2. Count Castello Melhor who till now Governed the Province betwixt Duero and Minho was called away to go Governour of Brasil and the Viscount D. James de Lima succeeded him in his former Post D. James de Lima Governour of the Province betwixt Duero and Minho That Province scarce felt any effects of War except Two or 3 inconsiderable incursions after which both Parties again rested as if it were in Time of Peace D. Hierome de Ataide Count de Atouguâ—a was now sent to Command in the Province Tralos Montes where finding the Standing-Forces very weak he Endeavoured to secure the Country the best he could with the Militia Whilst he went to provide for the Safety of Braganza the Commissary General of Horse La Morle Commanded at Chaves but had positive Orders only to stand upon the Defensive Nevertheless he marched with 220 Foot and 90 Horse to plunder the Town of Vmbra which having performed and returned with the booty he