of Hamilton Generall of the Brittish Army Sir Iames Spence Generall over Scots Sir Patrike Ruthven Governour of Vlme and since Generall Sir Alexander Lesly Governour over the Cities along the Baltique Coast and since Felt-marshall over the Army in Westphalia Generall Major Iames King since Lievetenant Generall Sir David Drummond Generall Major and Governour of Statin in Pomeren Sir Iames Ramsey Generall Major had a Regiment of Scots and since was Governour of Hanaw Colonells that served then of Scots My Lord of Rhees Mackey Colonell to a Briggad of Scots Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell succeeded to command the Scottish Briggad and since was slaine in France Sir Iohn Ruthven Colonell to a Briggad of Dutch and since Generall Major Sir Iames Lumsdell Colonell to a Regiment of Scots Alexander Ramsey Colonell and Governour of Creutzenach Robert Lesly Colonell to a Regiment of Scots Robert Monro Baron of Fowles Colonell of Horse and Foote over Dutch and since died of his wounds at Vlme Iohn Monro of Obstell Colonell to a Regiment of Scots and since slaine on the Rhine in the Weteraw Lodovicke Lesly Colonell to a Regiment of Scots which was Sir Iohn Hamiltons Robert Monro Colonell to a Regiment of Scots which was my Lord of Rhees Iames Carre Colonell to a Regiment of Scots and since Generall Major Sir Fredricke Hamilton Colonell to a Regiment of Scots and Irish. The Master of Forbesse Colonell to a Regiment of Scots Alexander Hamilton Colonell to a Regiment of Scots The Earle of Crawford Lindesey Colonell to a Foote Regiment of Dutch and since slaine William Baily Colonell to a Regiment of foote of Dutch Sir Iames Hamilton Colonell to a foote Regiment of Scots Iohn Forbesse Colonell to a foote Regiment of Dutch slaine in France Hugh Hamilton Colonell to a foote Regiment of Dutch Sir William Ballentine Colonell to a fote Regiment of English Sir Iames Ramsey Colonell to a foote Regiment of English and since died at London Alaxander Forbesse called Finnesse Forbesse Colonell to a Regiment of Finnes Walter Leckey Colonell to foote The English Colonells served then Colonell Austin Colonell to an English Regiment served in Germany Sir Iohn Cassells Colonell to a foote Regiment of English which was levied by Sir Thomas Conway who was cast away on the coast of Denmarke with his Lievetenant Colonell George Stewart Sir George Fleetwood Colonell to a foote Regiment of English that served at this time in Spruce Scots Colonells that served at this time in Sweden Leefland and Spruce Iames Seaton Colonell to foote of Swedes Colonell Kinninmond Colonell to foote of Swedes since dead Colonell Thomson Colonell to foote of Swedes since dead Colonell Scot Cloonell to foote of Finnes since dead William Cunningham Colonell to â—oote of Scots in Spruce Francis Ruthven Colonell to foote of Dutch in Spruce Sir Iohn Meldrum Colonell in Spruce to foote Lievetenant Colonells who served then whereof since some have beene advanced Thomas Hume of Carolside Lievetenant Colonell of Horse since a Colonell in France Lievetenant Colonell Dowglas since a Colonell of Horse in Germany under the Swede Henry Muschamp Lievetenant Colonell since was a Colonell and was slaine at Nerling Alexander Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote Alexander Cunninghame Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote Lievetenant Colonell Vavazer since a Colonell to foote William Gunne Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote of Dutch Iohn Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since Colonell to foote of Scots Lievetenant Colonell Finnesse Forbesse since a Colonell Alexander Forbesse called the Bald Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell Robert Stewart Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell Hector Monro Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell and being made Knight Baronet died at Hamburg and was buried at Buckstehood in the Oldland oâ— the Elve Sir George Dowglas Lievetenant Colonell since Ambassadour for his Majesty of Great Britaine in Spruce died in Germany and was transported and buried in Scotland George Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since Colonell Iohn Lindesey of Bainshow Lievetenant Colonell since slaine at Newbrandenburg Lievetenant Colonell Monypenny Lievtenant Colonell to horse Alexander Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Bavier Iohn Sinclaire Lievetenant Colonell was slaine at Newmarke William Stewart Lievetenant Colonell succeeded to Sinclaire Henry Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell to Lesly the younger William Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell to Horse Iames Henderson Lievetenant Colonell to Foote Sir Arthur Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote was slaine in combat neere Hamburg Robert Weere Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Saxony Iohn Lyell Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iames Dickson Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in the Paltz Sandelens Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in the Paltz William Borthwicke Lievetenant Colonell to foote Macdowgall Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Schwabland Iames Hepburne Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in France Robert Hannan Lievetenant Colonell to foote died in Alsas Iohn Monro Lievetenant Colonell to foote Robert Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell to foote William Herring Lievetenant Colonell to foote Sir Iames Cunninghame Lievetenant Colonell to foote William Spence Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iohn Ennis Lievetenant Colonell to foote Poytagheâ— Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iohn Forbesse of Tullough Lievetenant Colonell was slaine at Nerling George Forbess Lievetenant Colonell to foote Alexander Hay Lievetenant Colonell of Dragoniers David Leslie Lievetenant Colonell to Horse Iames Drummond Lievetenant Colonell to horse Kinninmond the elder Lievetenant Colonell to foote Kinninmond the younger Lievetenant Colonell to foote Francis Sinclaire Lievetenant Colonell to foote Gordon Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote of Dutch under the Crowne of Sweden Iohn Henderson Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell under the Emperour William Troope Lievetenant Colonell slaine in the Paltz Potley Lievetenant Colonell to foote under Sir George Fleetwood Arthur Mon-gorge Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iames Mongomry Lievetenant Colonell slaine in combat Scots Majors Major Ruthven slaine at Nerling Major Mill. Major Cunninghame Major Iohn Forbesse Major David King slaine at Nerling Major Bodwell slaine at Wertzburg Major Mackenyee since Generall adjutant under the Felt-marshall Lesâ—y Major Sidserfe slâ—ine at Nerling Major David Monro Major William Falconer Major Francis Sinclaire Major William Keith Major Sanderson Major William Bruntfield died of his wounds at Buckstehoode in the Oldland Diverse Captaines and inferiour Officers of the Nation followed the Army being in charge whom I omit out of this List. MONRO HIS EXPEDITION IN GERMANY The first Part. TVesday the tenth of Octobeâ— 1626. from Cromartie in Scotland to Lugstad on the Elve by Sea Dayes 5 300 Dutch Miles Wee wintered in Holstein in good Quarters Moneths 6 From Lugstad on the Elve we marched to the Weser streame above Bâ—emen Dayes 4 12 Dutch Miles On the Weser stream we remained weekes Ten. 10 The tenth of Iuly 1627. we marched from the Weâ—er to Bucstihoode Dayes 3 12 Dutch Miles From the Oldland we crossed the Elve at Blanckenesse and continued our Expedition to Beysenburg on the Elve in Mechlenburg Dayes 3 10 Dutch Miles At Beysenburg we rested Dayes five 5 From Beysenburg to Rapin in the Marke of Brandenburg we marched Dayes 6
1â— Dutch Miles At Rapin we rested dayes Eight 8 From Rapin we retired to the Isle of Poole on the Baltique Coast having marched Dayes 6 28 Dutch Miles At Poole Leaguer we rested five weekes From Poole by water to Heligenhoven Dayes 2 40 Dutch Miles From Heligenhoven we marched to Oldenburg Day 1 3 Dutch Miles At Oldenburg we were dayes three 3 From Oldenburg we retired in a night 1 3 Dutch Miles From Heligenhoven on the Coast of Holsten to Flensborre by water Dayes 2 40 Dutch Miles From Flensborre to Assens in Denmarke by water Dayes 5 50 Dutch Miles Having arrived in Funeland in Denmarke we were quartered in Denmarke till we went to Trailsound being Eight Moneths 8 From Assens in Funeland we marched unto Lowland and crossed the Palt twice being on the March Dayes 5 14 Dutch Miles Having arrived at Marbo in Lowland we quartered our Companies in Marbo Rubie and in Nicoppen where we lay in good Quarters foure Moneths From Marbo we marched to Rubie in a Day 1 4 Dutch Miles We lay three dayes and nights in extremity of cold weather in open Boats before Rubie attending a faire winde and in the end were forced to land and march a Day backe 1 4 Dutch Miles The sixt of Aprill we marched to Rubie againe in one Day 1 4 Dutch Miles From Rubie we sayled to Feamer and landed in a Day 1 16 Dutch Miles From Feamer to Aikel-ford by water alongst the Coast of Holsten in one Day 1 16 Dutch Miles From Aikel-ford againe being shipped we sayled alongst the coast before Kyel in one Day 1 18 Dutch Miles From Kyel we returned by water unto Grottenbrodde in Holsten Dayes 2 34 Dutch Miles At Grottenbrodde in Holsten we lay weekes three where we did worke and complete a Royall Leaguer and a Fort within it From Feamer to Rubie by water we sayled backe unto Lowland 1 16 Dutch Miles From Rubie to our Quarters in Marbo and Nicoppen where we lay weekes six in good Quarters 1 4 Dutch Miles From Lowland to Alzenheur in Denmark we marched through Falster and Zealand Dayes 4 18 Dutch Miles From Alzenheur we sayled unto Trailsound in Pomeren 2 60 Dutch Miles At Trailsound being beleaguered we lay seven weekes where we had great paines and sustained great losse From Trailsâ—und we marched unto Wolgast Dayes 2 6 Dutch Miles At Wolgast wee remained dayes Ten. From Wolgast we sayled to Copmanhagen Dayes 2 60 Dutch Miles At Copmanhagen in Denmark the Regiment was made complete againe and wee were quartered in good Quarters during Eight Moneths without any hostile Imployment being treating for a pâ—aâ—e In Aprill 22. wee shipped at Maâ—mee in Skonland in Denmarke and sayled unto Holsten towards the Isle of Angle in dayes 3 60 Dutch Miles We lay at Angle in Holsten till the Peace was concluded in the latter end of May 1629. that we were thanked of or dismissed by his Majestie of Denmark and were shipped againe from Holsten to Alzenheur being by water Dayes 3 60 Dutch Miles Summa Miles by water and land travelled under his Majestie of Denmark in three yeares 898 Dutch Miles MONRO HIS EXPEDITION IN GERMANY VNDER HIS MAIESTY OF SWEDEN of blessed memory The second Part. IN Iune 1629. sent from Alzenhâ—ur to the Pillo into Spruce first three Companies and then three by water Dayes 4 100 Dutch Miles These six Companies did lie a whole yeare in Garrison in Brounesberry in Spruce without hostile Imployment The thirteenth of August 1630. shipped at the Pillo in Spruce and landed the eighteenth at Rougenvald in hinder Pomeren being at Sea Dayes 5 80 Dutch Miles At Rougenvald we lay nine weekes in good quarters From Rougenvald to Colberg we marched Dayes 2 7 Dutch Miles From Colberg we maâ—ched to Shevelbeane in the Marck 1 5 Dutch Miles From Shevelbeane to Griffenberg in Pomeren Dayes 1 5 Dutch Miles From Griffenberg to Primhausen we marched Dayes 2 7 Dutch Miles At Primhausen in extreame cold weather we lay in the Fields three weekes From Primhausen we marched to Statin Dayes 2 9 Dutch Miles At Statin we lay Moneths two getting weekly pay From Statin we marched to nâ—w Brandenburg Dayes 3 10 Dutch Miles At Brandenburg we rested after the in-taking of the Towne Dayes three From Brandenburg we marched to Trepto and from thence to Letz in Dayes 2 7 Dutch Miles At Letz we rested three dayes and then marched to Damaine 1 1 Dutch Miles At Damaine we lay dayes three before the Towne was taken in and marched to Trepto Dayes 2 5 Dutch Miles At Trepto we lay three dayes and from thence marched to Malchen in Macklenburg in Dayes 2 6 Dutch Miles At Malchen wee remained dayes eight and marched to Fridland in dayes 2 6 Dutch Miles At Fridland wee remained dayes eight and marched to Anclam in Dayes 2 6 Dutch Miles From Anclam having layn there dayes foure wee marched backe to Fridland in Dayes 2 6 Dutch Miles At Fridland wee lay dayes six at our back-comming and then marched unto Swede in Dayes 3 12 Dutch Miles At Swede we rested dayes eight and then marched to Francfurt on the Oder in Dayes 5 15 Dutch Miles After the in-taking of Francfurt we marched to Lantsberg on the Wart and lay before it dayes eight ere it was taken in dayes 2 9 Dutch Miles From Lantsberg we retired to Francfurt backe in Dayes 2 9 Dutch Miles At Frankfurt we rested weekes five and then marched to Berlein in the Marke Brâ—â—denburg in Dayes 3 11 Dutch Miles From Berlein we marched to Spando day 1 4 Dutch Miles At Spando wee rested dayes foure and marched then to Spotsdaâ—n 1 4 Dutch Miles At Spotsdam wee lay dayes tenne and retired to Spando backe 1 4 Dutch Miles At Spando againe we lay dayes ten and then marched backe to Berlein 1 4 Dutch Miles At Berlein wee lay Dayes foure and then marched to Barno in Dayes 2 9 Dutch Miles At Barno we lay Dayes twelve and then marched to old Brandenburg in Dayes 4 15 Dutch Miles At old Brandenburg we rested Dayes ten and then marched to Rawtenaw in Dayes 2 5 Dutch Miles From Rawtenaw we marched to Tangermond on the Elve in Dayes 2 6 Dutch Miles From Tangermond we marched to Verben downe the Elves side in Dayes 2 5 Dutch Miles At Verben we lay in Leaguer Weekes five and then marched to Vyttenberg on the Elve in Dayes 6 22 Dutch Miles At Vittenberg in Saxon we lay dayes eight and then crossing the Elve marched to Dieben in Dayes 2 5 Dutch Miles At Dieben we lay Dayes three and then marched to the place of Battaâ—le called Gods-acre neaâ—e Leipsigh in dayes 2 5 Dutch Miles From the place of Battaile we marched to Leipsigh 1 2 Dutch Miles At Leipsigh we lay Dayes three and then marched backe to Hall in Dayes 2 5 Dutch Miles At Hall we rested Dayes nine and then we marched to Ertfurt in Duringland Dayes 3 9 Dutch Miles At Ertfurt we lay dayes eight
and then marched to Smalka over the Walt in dayes 2 6 Dutch Miles From Smâ—lka to Mainigane in Franconia Day 1 3 Dutch Miles From Mainigane to Millarstot Day 1 3 Dutch Miles From Millarsto to Nistot on the Sale in Franconia Day 1 3. Dutch Miles From Nistot to Hammâ—lburg Dâ—y 1 3. Dutch Miles From Hammelbâ—rg to Gemuâ—d on the Maine Day 1 3. Dutch Miles Fâ—om Gemuâ—d to Câ—lâ—â—oâ— on the Maine Day 1 2. Dutch Miles Fâ—om Carâ—stot to Vâ—rtzburg Day 1 2. Dutch Miles Fâ—â—m Vertzburg to Oxenâ—ord on the Maine in a night 1 4. Dutch Miles Fâ—om Oxâ—nâ—ord backe to Vertzburg Day 1 4. Dutch Miles At Vertzbuâ—g we lay neare five Weekes and then marched downe the Maine to Procâ—lden in Dayes 2 6. Dutch Miles From Procelde wâ— mâ—râ—hâ—d to Vertzhem Dayes 2 6. Dutch Miles From Vertâ—hem to Mâ—ltenburg Dayes 2 6. Dutch Miles From Miltenburg to Sultzbach Day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Sultzbach to Steinhem Day 1 1. Dutch Miles From Steinhem to Offenbach before the Ports of Frankfurt 1 1. Dutch Miles From Offenbach the seventeenth of November we marched through Francfurt unto Heghst Day 1 2. Dutch Miles At Heghst we rested foure dayes and then crossed the Maine and marched by Darmestot unto the Bergstros towards Oppenhem Sconce Dayes 2 6. Dutch Miles At Oppenhem before the Sconce was gotten in we lay in the open fields in extremity of cold and then crossed the Rhine and tooke in Oppenhem Towne and Castle where we rested three Dayes From Oppenhem we marched to Mentz on the Rhine in dayes 2 5. Dutch Miles Before Mentz we lay in extreme cold weather foure dayes in open fields before we got it in and then rested the Army there for ten Weekes From Mentz we marched neare Frankfurt in day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Francfurt we marched to Asschaiffenbourg on the Maine in day 1 5. Dutch Miles From Asschaiffenbourg we marched unto Franconia towards Estenfeld in Day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Estenfeld we marched to Loâ— in Day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Lor we marched to Gamund in Day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Gamund we marched to Carlstot in day 1 2. Dutch Miles From Carlstot we marched to Tettelbach in Franconia in day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Tettelbach we marched to Oxenford in day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Oxenford we marched to Vintzin in day 1 4. Dutch Miles At Vinâ—zin we rested three dayes and then we marched to Volmarsdorffe in day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Volmarsdorffe to Furt on the Pegnets in day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Fuâ—t to Schwabâ—ch Day 1 3. Dutch Miles At Schwabach we rested two dayes and marched to Weysenburg dayes 2 6. Dutch Miles From Weysenburg to Nerling Dayes 2 6. Dutch Miles From Nerling to Donavert Day 1 3. Dutch Miles At Donavert we lay before it was taken dayes two and rested thereafter dayes three and then crossed the Leacke at Rhine in Day 1 2. Dutch Miles From Rhine to Ausburg Day 1 5. Dutch Miles From Ausburg to Aichstad in Baviere Day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Aichstad towards Engolstat Dayes 2 7. Dutch Miles From Engolstat to Gaisenfels Day 1 2. Dutch Miles From Gaisenfels in Baviere to Morsburg Day 1 4. Dutch Miles At Morsburg we rested foure dayes and from thence to Landshude Day 1 3. Dutch Miles From Landshude to Freisin Day 1 4. Dutch Miles From 〈◊〉 to Muâ—chen Day 1 4. Dutch Miles At Munchen we lay three weekes and then marched backe to Donavert in 〈◊〉 4 15. Dutch Miles From Donavert backe to Veysenburg Dayes 3 9. Dutch Miles Frâ—m Veylenburg to Furt on the Pegnets Dayes 3 9. Dutch Miles At Furt we lay dayes eight and marched then to Lauffe 1 4. Dutch Miles From Lâ—â—ffe to Harsburg in Day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Harsburg in the upper Palatinate to Amberg Dayes 2 7. Dutch Miles From Amberg backe to Harsburg dayes 2 7. Dutch Miles At Harsburg we lay weekes three and then retired to Nurenburg in dayâ—s 2 6. Dutch Miles At Nurenburg we lay in Leaguer three Moneths till the succours was come and then we braveerd the Emperiall Leaguer From Nurenburg to Newstad dayes 2 5. Dutch Miles From Newstad to Vintzen dayes 2 6. Dutch Miles From Vintzen to Dunkelspeill daies 2 6. Dutch Miles From Dunkelspoill to Donavert daies 3 9. Dutch Miles From Donavert to Rhine on the Leake day 1 2. Dutch Miles From Rhine to Newburg on the Danube day 1 3. Dutch Miles From Newburg to Rhine backe day 1 3. Dutch Miles From Rhine to Ausburg day 1 5. Dutch Miles From Ausburg to Aichstat daies 2 6. Dutch Miles From Aâ—chstat to Lantsberg daies 2 7. Dutch Miles From Laâ—â—sâ—ers to Ausburg daies 2 5. Dutch Miles From Ausburg to Rhine backe againe daies 2 5. Dutch Miles From Rhine againe to Ausburg day 1 5. Dutch Miles At Auâ—burg the Armie dâ—d lie after his Majesties death neare three Moneths without any hostile imploiment From Ausburg to Vlme in February 1633 we marched daies 3 9. Dutch Miles From Vlme to Memming we marched daies 2 6. Dutch Miles From Memming to the Passe at Kempten dayes 2 7. Dutch Miles From the Passe wee marched backe to Middelhem in Schwabland daies 2 7. Dutch Miles From Middelhem to Kauffebâ—yren we marched daies 2 7. Dutch Miles From Kauffbeyren to Kempten we marched day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Kâ—mpten backe to Pibrach daies 2 7. Dutch Miles From Pibrach to Munderkin on the Danube daies 2 6. Dutch Miles From Munderkin to Retlingam in Vertenbergland in a night 1 5. Dutch Miles From Retlingam to Eslengan day 1 4. Dutch Miles From Eslengan to Munderkin backe dayes 2 6. Dutch Miles From Munderkin to Pibrach backe dayes 2 6. Dutch Miles From Pibrach to Vlme on the Danube dayes 2 6. Dutch Miles From Vlme to Donavert being the end of the second part of the Expedition which we marched in dayes 3 9 Dutch Miles Summa Dutch Miles of the March made under his Maiesty of Sweden and the Crowne in Germany in foure yeares extends to 779. Dutch Miles THE MANNER OF OVR INGAGEMENT WITH HIS MAIESTIE of SVVEDEN in Anno 1629. And of the Colonels Iourney and mine vnto Sweden in Februarie 1630. OVr Regiment thanked of by his Majesty of Denmarke in May 1629. my Colonell being in England I hearing his Majesty of Sweden much ingaged against the Pole in Spruce did stand in great need of a supply of Foot thought then it was a fit time for me being out of service to offer my service unto his Majesty of Sweden whereupon I did direct David Martins Auditor with my letters and warrant to his Mâ—jesty to treate with his Majesty for a Commission and money for bringing unto his Matie a Regiment of Foot over which my old Colonell should command His Majesty condescending to my desire dispatcheth my Commissioner backe againe with a Commission and monies to me in
remaine standing firme with their Officers guarding them and their Colours as being worthy the glorious name of brave Souldiers preferring vertue before the love of gold that vanisheth while vertue remaineth This vice of avarice is alike common to the superiour Officer and to the inferiour Souldier which oftimes makes the superiour to be despised as well by the common Souldier as by his betters And therefore publique imployments of command should never be given to such greedy persons for as sparing in a private person is commendable being done without hurt to another even so the vertue of liberality is due to him that is publiquely imployed as also he ought to have splendor in his carriage and not to give evill example to others his inferiours if once he be honoured with command in leading of others I must then againe condemne this kinde of avarice that makes men for booty abandon their Colours and their duety they being the cause oftimes of the overthrow of their worthy Camerades standing to fight when they were employed in making of booty for which many time they are contemned and their money taken from them by the multitude with disgrace and danger of their lives for though sometimes they make booty they have not the fortune to enjoy it one quarter of an houre thanking God to be rid of it with their lives though not with their credits It is the duety of valiant Commanders and of brave Souldiers when ever fire entreth into a City strength or Leager suddenly with their Armes to repaire to their Colours lest at such times the enemy being neere hand should be ready to take advantage but here the baser sort of Souldiers neither for obedience to his Majesties command nor for love of their Officers nor of their owne credits would stirre to attend their Colours though the enemy had shewed himselfe to pursue the City Here also the enemy was to blame for leaving provision and Amunition behinde them whose duety it was rather to destroy it by fire or water then to leave it to their enemies But we see there is no counsell against the Lord invented by man able to worke blessed be his name for ever The ninth Dutie discharged of the intaking of Laudsberg on the Wert by accord THE fifth of Aprill 1631. his Majesty having left Francford on the Oder well beset under the command of Generall Major Lesly who had direction to see the fortifications repaired as likewise Generall Bannier was left to command over the Army his Majesty having taken two and twenty hundred commanded musketiers eight hundred horsemen twelve peece of Cannon great and small with Amunition answerable with spades shovels and axes where the Colonell of the Artillery called Leonard Richardson was commanded to goe with them for to attend his charge As also Colonell Hepburne was commanded to leade the party and I was sent as Lievetenant Colonell to second him in this employment Colonell Hepburne having viewed the party and taken notice that all things were in good order commanded the party to march having had a blacke-smith that dwel't at Landsberg for our guide we continued our march the first day being come within foure miles of the Towne we quartered at a passe on the high way and the next morning breaking up we marched forwards till on the way our fore-troopes did meete with a Regiment of Crabbats where after long skirmish and losse sustained by both the parties in th' end the Colonell that led the Crabbats being deadly wounded retired to the Towne casting off all bridges behinde them which hindered us for a day The eight of Aprill we lay downe before a skonce royall built on a strong passe betwixt us and the Towne This skonce well fortified was well provided of Cannon It had also a wide Graffe of running water and a draw-bridge which was taken up at our coming and then they discharged their Cannon on us where at first there were killed some six Souldiers the night drawing on our watches set forth I was appointed by his Majesty to be Captaine of the watch being ordained to oversee the making of the Batteries As also I was commanded to set forwards our workes both for intrenching and for running our lines of approach to the skonce wherein I was so busied that the whole night I went never off my feete but from one part to another having had sundry Alarums though not of continuance His Majestie having taken quarters in the neerest Dorpe he left two Rutters to attend on me that if the â—â—emy should fall out against us incontinent one of them might be sent to acquaint his Majestie who having rested for that night coming before day to visit the workes aâ—d finding them not so farre advanced as he did expect he falls a chiding of me notwithstanding of my diligence used the whole night in keeping the Souldiers still at worke with the small number of materialls we had to worke with But no excuse though true would mitigate his passion till he had first considered on the circumstances and then he was sorry he had offended me without reason But his custome was so that he was worse to be pleased in this kinde than in any other his Commands being ever impatient when workes were not advanced to his minde and the truth is our Country Souldiers cannot endure to worke like the Dutch neither when they have taken paines can they worke so formally as others Our batteries being readie against the morning the whole day our Cannon played on the Skonce so fast as they could be charged but to no purpose the earthen wall being so thicke and so well set together that they scorned us and our Cannon both His Majestie seeing nothing to be effectuated this way resolved to try a second way by the advise of the Black-smith that knew all the passages towards the Towne notwithstanding that the whole land on that side was covered over with water This Black-smith advised his Majestie to cause a Float-bridge to be made and then setting over the water he would lead us through shallow passes where we might come behinde the Skonce cutting off their passage from the Towne and then the Skonce wanting reliefe might be ours According to this plot his Majestie commanded Lievetenant Colonell Dowbatle with two hundred and fifâ—ie Dragoniers for foote and me with two hundred and fiftie Musketiers to follow the Black-smith and to surprize the enemies Guard which being done by us we were commanded to make the place good till Colonell Hepburne with a thousand Musketiers should be sent after to second us Dowbatle and I having fortunately surprized the Guard making them retire to the Towne leaving the Skonce in our power Colonell Hepburne being advanced towards the Skonce tooke it in on accord and the Souldiers were made to take service and their Officers made prisoners In this time Dowbatle his Dragoniers having followed the enemy with hot skirmish within shot of their walles his powder being spent desired
being going before their enemie to fight a thing very disallowable in either Officer or Souldier to preferre a little money to a world of credit It is a great part of a Colonels dutie timely to foresee for all things necessary that may give content to those under his command lest being justly discontented he might be greived whiles it were not in his power to helpe himselfe or others The liberality of a Colonell and his care in fore-seeing for his Regiment returnes to him oftimes with triple profit being with moderation familiar with his Officers making them as humble friends not as servant under command and he ought by all meanes eschewe to come in question or publique hearing with his Officers the onely meanes to make himselfe famous and his Regiment of long continuance The third dutie discharged of our Marâ—â— from the Waser towards Bysenbourg on the Elve HAving thus remained the space of ten weekes under the command of Generall Morgan on the Waser side we got orders to breake up and to continue our march over the Elve under Hamburgh and from thence toward Bysenbourg Skonce to joyne with the rest of our Regiment the Colonell and Lievetenant Colonell being absent Major Iames Dumbar commanded then in chiefe receiving all necessaries fitting for our march as ammunition proviant and waggons for our baggage our sicke souldiers being cared for were left behinde and we brake up from the Waser the tenth of Iuly 1627. a Regiment of Horse being commanded with us for our Convoy to the Elve the first night we quartered at Rottenburg a strong passe having a great Marrish on both sides accessible onely by one narrow causey which leades through the marrish to the Castell which is well fensed on both sides with Moates Drawbridges and slaught bomes without all The next day our march continuing in the morning our forâ— troopes having gotten Alarum retired on us whereupon we drawing into Battaile resolved to fight and provided our selves accordingly for the enemies comming which being found but a false conception nothing followed on it but the continuance of our march without further interruption The next night we lying in Quarters our Guards orderly disposed before day we had another Alarum our duety duely discharged of all both horse and foote if the enemie had come we were provided But the Alarum proving false we brake up continuing our march toward Buckstehood appointed for our first Randez-vouz where we were commanded to send to his Majestie at Stoade for receiving of further Orders and a company of Horse being directed with me for my convoy I was made choise of to go to his Majesty for bringing Orders unto the Regiment His Majesty being absent Orders were given to me by a Generall Commissary to continue our march thorough Buckstehood and to quarter over night in the old land by the Elve side till the next day we should crosse the River of the Elve at Blanckeneas and from thence to march by Hamburgh through their Territories and passe towards Lovenburgh where we quartered a mile from it continuing our march the next morning towards Bysenburgh where we quartered in the fields for five nights till we knew of his Majesties further resolution The third Observation ALl marches are occasioned by the accidents of the warfare The reason of this march was the enemies Army drawing strong â—o a head in Lâ—â—â—burgh land of intention to force a passage over the Elve to come the easier to Holsten his Majestie being weake of foote in this quarter having no great feare of his enemie on the Waser where we lay before we were therefore called to joyne with the rest of our Regiment at Bysenburgh Another reason of this march was the Kings forces in Silesia being also weake of Foote standing in great neede of a timely supply we being able to endure a long march his Majesty resolved after besetting well the passe on the Elve to send us for a supplie unto the Silesian Armie Neverthelesse many times we see in warres though things be long advised on and prosecuted after advise duely yet the event doth not alwayes answer to mans conjectures For it is a true old saying Man proposeth but God disposeth A Commander having the charge of a Regiment or partie on a march ought in all respects to be as carefull and diligent as a Generall that leads an Army being subject to the like inconvenience of fortune Wherefore he ought to be well provided of all things fitting for his march that in time of Rancounter with the enemy he might the better discharge his duty especially being provided with good store of Ammunition both for the mouth and service with sufficient fix Armes He ought also for his march ever to have good intelligence left his enemie should circumvent him He ought also to order his march according to the countries scituation he marches thorough appointing his Randez-vouz nightly short or long as his Quarters may fall in best security He ought also to keepe his Officers and Souldiers in continuall good order of discipline without suffering the one or the other to fall off from their Stations without great and urgent occasions and if any of them chance to fall off he is obliged to foresee to their timely returnes Likewise he ought not in any manner of way suffer violence to be used to Boores or strangers in his march and if such doth happen he is obliged to do justice to all and to see examplarie punishment done to terrifie others from the like He ought also to be carefull to give none under his command just occasion of complaint for want of their dues either in quarters or in distributing of their victualls according to their strengths He ought also on his march to be provident in causing to bring their Proviant timely to their Randevouz or Hawlts seeing it to be rightly distributed for avoiding of contentions happening most commonly at such times Also he must foresee before he makes a hawlt that the ground be convenient where he drawes up whether he be in feare of an enemie or not and at such times he must be carefull that centries be duly placed at all parts needefull and that no man be suffered to wander or go astray from the haulting part for feare he be to seeke when occasion should present either to breake up to march or otherwise in case of Alarum to have his Officers or souldiers wandering while as the enemie should charge were a grosse error Likewise he ought to be of strict command and authority to punish those that on a march leave their Armes behind them or that are carelesse in keeping their Armes both fix and cleane In quartering either in village field or Citie he must give orders for his posts to keepe Guards upon and he ought himselfe to recognize all avenues and inquire of the knowne countrimen the passes whereby his enemies may come unto him and of the distance he is from his enemy he must also direct
marched from the Coast of Pomerne out of Rougenvalde through Dutchland unto the foot of the Alpes in Schawbland This City of Rougenvalde in Pomerne lyes midway betwixt Dantsicke and Stâ—tine bâ—ing alike disâ—ant twenty Dutch mile from both and is a pleasant â—eâ—tâ— being one of the Duke of Pomerne his chiefe Residence not distant above one English mile from the Sea it doth abound in Corne Fruit and store Cattell Horses of good breed Fishponds and Pâ—rkes for Deere and pastorage whereof it hath enough where we were nâ—bly entertained and kindly wâ—lcommed of the inhabitants especially of the Câ—ptaine and his civill Bed-fellow to whom under God we were beholden for our safeties the Remembrance whereof we ate bound never to forget Here I did remarke as wonderfull that in the very moment when our ship did breake on ground there was a Sergeants Wife a shipboard who without the hâ—lpe of any women was delivered of a Boy which all thâ— time of the tempest she carefully did preserve and being come ashore the next day she marched neere foure English mile with that in her Armes which was in her Belly the night before and was Christened the next Sunday after Sermon being the day of our thankesgiving for our Deliverance our Preacher Mr. Murdow Mac-kenyee a worthy and Religious yong man having discharged his part that day after with much regrate did sever from us and followed my Lord of Rhee our Colonell unto Britaine Being thus escaped from danger of sea and from our enemies I did keepe the Soldiers ever exercised in watching in working in parties against our enemies lest that resting from Hostile employment they should become seditious immodest and turbulent and to this effect when they were not employed in parties against the enemies I sent them by parties in the Country on Militarie execution to bring the possessors under Contribution to his Majesty making them hate and renounce the Emperialists whom formerly they were forced to obey so that by this meanes the Country was brought into subjectiâ—n to the King and my Soldiers were put under as good discipline and command as any served his Majesty which discipline made their contiâ—uâ—â—ce the longer in the service where it was rare to finde one Regiment in an Aâ—mie that did change so many Officers as they did in foure yeâ—res as the Observations on their duties will cleare to the world in despight of their Envâ—ers whatsoâ—ver But I hope no worthy spirit or Heroicke minde will thinkâ— an evill thought of the vertuous We mâ—y see here that in the greatest extremities both Officers and Soldiers have greatest need of Courage and Resolution For nothing should seeme hard to daring men that are of courage which never doth beget but the opinion and censure of vertue For we see at this time that to dare was the beginning of victory being better to hazard to save our selves and others then to be the instrument to lose us all by flying as some of our Officers advised me at our landing to march backe to Dantsicke which if we had the enemy getting intelligence he could with ease overtake us and cut us all off as he did some yeeres before cut off in the same Country three Regiments of Dutch who were going to serve his Majesty against the Pole Here also I found by experience that the stedfast and invincible vigour of the minde rising against crosses doth helpe much especially where necessity reqâ—ireth such resolution For being in the greatest extremity of danger resolving with God I thought as my safest course to bide Gods leysure I sate on the Gallerie of the ship being assured it would be the last part that would remaine together of the whole and being so neere land I was never dejected and cast downe nor did I doubt of our safe landing seeing we had victuals and were in hope the storme would not continue being in the middest of August Here we may see by this Christian advertisement that no part of our life is exempted or freed from griefe or sorrow But on the contrary we are exposed to all kinde of miseries and troubles so that we see that children doe sucke with the milke of their Nurses certaine beginnings of the evill to come our misery growing as doth our age and we see it true for the godly they sigh and groane under the burthen of their adversities having no comfort they can enjoy but out of the written word of God a fruit whereof the wicked hath no part Therefore they sayd well who said that Philosophicall precepts were not so powerfull to heale the wounds of the soule as are those of the word of God Men of our profession ought ever to be well prepared having death ever before their Eyes they ought to be the more familiar with God that they might be ever ready to embrace it not caring a rush for it when it came doing good while they may For now we flourish in an instant we wither like Grasse now we stand presently we fall our life carrying with it when we received it the seed of death and that which did begin our life doth open the doore to it to goe away For in our birth our end did hang at our beginning and according to the custome of that worthy Emperour our actions should be ever before our eyes as if presently we were to appeare in Iudgment before the Eternall our God and that cry should never depart out of our eares cryed unto Philip King of Macedon Philippe memento mori Philip remember thou must die For man shall never behave himselfe as he ought in this World except at all times he have death before his eyes thinking on the houre and moment of his departure alwayes contemning the Exteriour things of this World giving himselfe unto the inward cogitations that doe profit the soule and the life thereof rejoycing beyond all things in the Tâ—stimony of a good Conscience The second Dutie discharged of our march from Rougenvalde to Colberg and from thence to Shivel-beane and of our service there SIr Iohn Hepburne being sent with his Regiment from Spruce to relieve us I was ordained with my Folks to march before Colberge where Generall Major Kniphowsen did command in the Blockering thereof which I did and being come there a Poaste was assigned for us to watch at In the meane time the Generall Major getting intelligence that the enemies Army lying at Gartts and Griffinhawgen on the Oder had intention to relieve Colberge and so being in his march he must needs passe by the Towne and Castle of Shevelbeane in the Marke being a passe distant but five miles from Colberge he thought expedient to Recognosce the place by sending of Colonell Hepburne thither with a Troope of Horsemen for his guard and convoy who having seene the place advised Kniphowsen to beset it with a Garrison being of consequence to hold up the Enemy if he should march thereon with the Army whereupon I was made choise of
patience till once they were done that he might see his Souldiers secured and guarded from their enemies for when he was weakest he digged most in the ground for in one yeare what at Swede Francford Landsberg Brandenburg Verbâ—m Tannermonde Wittenberg and Wirtzburg he caused his Souldiers to worke more for nothing than the States of Holland could get wrought in three yeares though they should bestow every yeare a Tunne of gold and this he did not onely to secure his Souldiers from the enemy but also to keepe them from idlenesse When they were not employed on service they were kept by good discipline in awe and obedience and that with as great moderation love and discretion as could be And his Majestie knew well that our Nation was of that nature that they could take to heart the austere carriage of their Commanders were they never so good For while as sometimes through his Majesties impatiencie he would cause to imprison some of our Country-men without solicitation his Majestie was ever the first did minde their liberties for he knew their stomacks were so great that they would burst or starve in prison before they would acknowledge an errour committed against their Master except it were of negligence Moreover nothing can more discourage a Citie Fort or Strength that is beleaguered than when they see their secrets discovered and their passages from reliefe cut off as it was seene of those that yeelded up the Skonce to Sir Iohn Hepburne being contented to come in the Colonells mercy seeing themselves barred from all reliefe Likewise the dutie of Leaders that lead men on service ought to be limited with discretion and not to advance further than with conveniency they may retire againe if need be left by too farre advancing they not onely indanger themselves but also ingage others for their reliefes to indanger all and a fault committed in this kinde through too much forwardnesse merits a harder censure than remissenesse with discretion seeing in the latter a man is but censured alone but committing the former errour he loseth himselfe and others Here also we found by experience that the spade and the shovell are ever good companions in danger without which we had lost the greatest part of our followers Therefore in all occasions of service a little advantage of ground is ever profitable against horse foote or Cannon And for this it was that the best Commanders made ever most use of the spade and the shovell and that in such ground as was found most commodious for their safeties We see also here his Majesties disposition in entertaining his Officers kindly after victory esteeming them not as servants but as companions in his mirth as a wise Master ought and should doe to those he findes obedient to his Commandements incouraging them another time to undergoe any service or danger for his sake that was so kinde and familiar with them joyning their hearts as well with his love as with his bountie for he knew well nothing was more able to bring victory next under God than good Commanders As also his Majestie knew that to be courteous unto his Officers was the way to triumph over his enemies The tenth Dutie discharged of our March to Berlin and from thence to Spandaw and backe to Botsaw THE eighteenth of Aprill 1631. the enemy being marched out of Landsburg towards Glogo his Majestie having beset Landsburg with a Garrison we marched backe to Francford on the Oder where we did rest us with the Armie till the twenty-ninth of Aprill during which time there were Ambassadours going mutually betwixt his Majestie and the Duke of Brandenburg at last having condescended on some points his Majestie brake up with the Armie and marched towards Berlin and were quartered by the way at a passe called Panco being one of the Duke of Brandenburgs hunting houses and from thence we marched to Berlin where his Majestie was Royally entertained by the Duke and that his Majestie might thinke he was welcome after the feast the Castle of Spandaw was delivered in his Majestie custodie where incontinent Colonell Axellilly with foure hundred Swedes were left in Garrison being a strength one of the fastest in Germanie fortified well with Fossées and Countersharpes of free stone and an earthen wall above having one hundred and fiftie pieces of Cannon on it and Armes for twentie thousand foote and horse with Amunition answerable Provided also sufficiently with store of victualls for an Armie of ten thousand men for a long space and though the Garrison were Swedes they were sworne to obey the Duke and his Majestie was obliged by his Royall word past to the Duke to restore it againe when ever the Duke desired to have it if the Duke of Saxony should not joyne with his Majestie against the Emperour The third day after the agreement the whole Armie brake up and marched to another passe three miles from Spandaw called Spotsdamme where we lay not intrencht the space of ten dayes till his Majesties Ambassadours were returned from the Duke of Saxon with an answer that the Duke would not assist his Majestie for the reliefe of Madeburg neither yet would the Duke grant to his Majestie free passage through his Country which was the losse of many poore soules within Madeburg being cut off by the crueltie of Generall Tillies Armie having surprized the Towne that was never taken before sparing neither man woman nor childe but putting all alike cruelly to death and in the end the Towne was burnt downe which was occasioned by the breach of the Dukes promise in not assisting his Majestie of Sweden being on his march to relieve it His Majestie not assured of the Duke of Brandenburg behinde him our Armie turning faces about we marched backe to Spandaw and lay downe in the Fields in order of Baâ—taile where we remained certaine dayes till such time as it behoved his Majestie for keeping of his Royall word to restore backe to the Duke the Castle of Spandaw and his Majesties Garrison being brought out it was manned againe by the Dukes Forces The castle restored his Majesty was so incensed against the Duke though his owne brother in law that he sware to take in Berlin which was the Dukes residence as also he was resolved to take the Duke prisoner except he would joyne in confederacy with him without the Duke of Saxon whereupon our Army did breake up and marched towards Berlin in hostile manner and lying downe before it the Duke not able to resist entred in a Treaty with his Majesty and to move his Majesty the more the Dutchesse and her mother with a traine of Great Ladies came to the fields to entertaine his Majesty with offering in the Dukes name all due respect to his Majesty and promising all things should be done by the Duke what his Majesty would desire To which his Majesty answered merrily that if the Duke would not end with him friendly before night he would send the Dutchesse and all the Ladies
all his will is so that he converts our noisomnesse unto health and our sinnes being ill he turnes them unto our good that eternall Governour triumphs in the Chariot of his providence and if willingly we follow him then freely as his Souldiers if unwillingly we must follow him as captives and servants We see then here by Gods providence the Duke was contented to joyne his Army with the Kings Majesties Army being come to Wittenberg to goe Conjunctis viribus against their common enemy the house of Austria and the Catholique league It had beene good for Madeburg this union had beene sooner concluded but the Lord would not have it seeing their punishments by Generall Tillies Army their scourge was decreed long before But now the Duke of Saxon terrified by their example thinkes it better to prevent such another wound by joyning with his Majesty being made warie by others fall for it is better late to thrive then never and it is better to prevent evill then to suffer and it was better for the Duke of Saxon to blush in time then out of time to grow pale for now being taken at the rebound Tillies Army being at Lipsigh seing his own house on fire to be relieved he offers his service to his Majesty damning himselfe soule and body if ever he will forsake his Majesty and his Crowne if then he would but helpe him to beate the enemy out of his country againe So that he which could not be tied with one knot before is now hard tied by foure great points which he was made to condescend unto on his honour and credit to have bin kept unviolable And his Majesty getting him once thus bound the way to make him sure was to make him fight that having dipped his hands once in the bloud of his enemies he was not suddenly to be clensed and this was the manner to tye him harder then the custome was of old amongst the Germans who were wont when they entred in confederacy to draw bloud in a Goblet of both their browes and drinke of it mutually for the more strict observance of their fidelities to each others But shortly after this confederacy was made much German bloud was drawne and of other strangers bloud to make the tie so much the harder and before the tie was broke his Majesties bloud was shed to the perpetuall disgrace of him that after his Majesties death forgetting his honour and credit did violate his confederacy made with the crowne as with the King our Master of never dying memory The fifteenth Dutie discharged of our March over the Elve at Wittenberg to Diben THE Conjunction agreed upon betwixt his Majestie and the Duke of Saxon all things sealed and subscribed his Majestie gave Orders to breake up with the Armie and to crosse the Elve over the bridge at Wittenberg for to joyne with the Dukes Armie the orders were obeyed with great contentment and entering into Saxonie we quartered the first night not farre from Diben the place appointed for our Randez-vouz the next morning we marched thither and were drawne up in battaile on the Fields where in the after-noone the Dukes Armie arrived being drawne up in battaile within Cannon shot of us the whole Officers of our Armie were commanded to be in readinesse on horse-backe to convey his Majestie for to welcome the Duke and his Armie which for pleasing the eye was the most complete little Armie for personages of men comely statures well armed and well arraide that ever mine eyes did looke on whose Officers did all looke as if they were going in their best Apparell and Armes to be painted where nothing was defective the eye could behold This shew seene by his Majestie and his Officers his Majestie returning the Duke with his followers did convey his Majestie to the sight of our Armie which being called to their Armes having lyen over-night on a parcell of plowd ground they were so dusty they looked out like Kitchin-servants with their uncleanely Rags within which were hidden couragious hearts being old experimented blades which for the most part had overcome by custome the toyle of warres yet these Saxons gentry in their bravery did judge of us and ours according to our out-sides thinking but little of us neverthelesse we thought not the worse of our selves The ceremony past we were all remitted to take rest for that night in our former quarters the next morning by breake of day we were called up to march where both our Armies were ordained to march on severall streets one Randezvouz being appointed for us at night within a mile and a halfe of the enemies Armie where being come to our Randezvouz by foure a clocke in the after-noone and drawne up in battaile our guards drawne out to watch were directed to their Postes and then we resting by our Armes as we were in battaile we slept lying where we stood that in case of a Alarum we were not to be found in disorder being ready to fight where we stood Immediately after the Armie was setled in Quarters newes was come to his Majestie in poste that the Castle of Leipsigh was given over by accord to the enemy As also that Generall Tilly with a mightie and strong Armie was come a mile from Leipsigh and was preparing for a Fight which newes did no wayes alter his Majesties countenance being resolved before for the like to have sought him to Fight So that being both willing and so neare it was easie bringiâ—g them together our baggage was appointed to goe backe to Diben our horse and foote watches were strengthened and we were in readinesse and refreshing first our bodies with victualls we slept till the nâ—xâ— morning The fifteenth Observation NOthing earthly is more pleasant to be seene than to see brethren in Christ coâ—joyned against Gods enemies for advancing of the glory of God in promoting of his Gospell and for setting at libertie those poore soules our brethren in Christ that were kept long under the yoke and tyranny of the house of Austria and the Catholique League their mortall enemies Who would not then for their liberties that were banished that they might one day retire to their possessions who would not I say be willing yea more who would not rejoyce having such a Leader as Gustavus was to hazard their lives for the weale of the publique yea more for the promoting of Christs Gospell Surely for mine owne part I was most willing and wished long to have seene a day wherein I might hazard my life in this quarrell in being one of the number of Fighters before I did come at it for many reasons but especially for the libertie of the daughter of our dread Soveraigne the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Princely Issue next for the libertie of our distressed brethren in Christ and thirdly for my better instruction in the profession of Armes which is my calling for having before seene many occurrences that did belong to our Calling I longed to
having no foote forces with him his Majestie made choice of me to be sent unto him with a partie of five hundred commanded Musketiers for to assist him in maintaining the Garrisons in those parts from the incursion of the Spaniard and his Majestie hearing of the Queenes coming towards Francford leaving orders with Duke Barnard of Wymar then Governour of Mentz and commander over the Armie in his Majesties absence to direct me away with the partie to the Rhinegrave his Majestie being gone I was sent for by the Duke to receive my Orders which were I should receive five hundred commanded Musketiers with sufficient victualls and Amunition and then to ship them at Mentz and to goe downe the Rhine towards Bachrach and there to send to the Rhinegrave for further orders but before my departing I took orders in writ from the Duke how to carry my selfe in obeying of the Rhinegrave his commands and immediately I went and received the partie being in readinesse on the market-place with Proviant and Amunition for the voyage and being shipt we went downe the Rhine towards Bingen on the Noe that runs by Creutznach through the Paltz into the Rhine at Bingen where Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment did lie in Garrison out of which there went with me of that Regiment a Captaine with a hundred Musketiers being shipped we continued our course towards Bachrach where being landed I desired from the Governour being a Captaine under the Red Regiment Quarters for my Souldiers till I got orders whether to march but the Captaine being discourteous closed the Ports using us unfriendly whereupon I desired to be let in to speake with him which being granted for me alone I entered and having spoke with the Captaine was refused of Quarters and of Proviant for my Souldiers whereupon I retired forth the Ports being closed againe I made our Souldiers make good fires of the driest wood without the Towne whereof there was no scarcitie and being darke the Towne lying alongst the River we getting intelligence there was a water-gate where there stood a Centry I tooke a small Boat and two Officers with me and entering the sallying Port the Centry suspecting no enemy we tooke him off swearing if he cryed we would kill him and bringing him to our Guard left him to their keeping and immediately I went in at the sallying Port accompanied with my Officers and some Musketiers and having set a Guard at the Port we went to the Captaines quarter and tooke in his lodging where we made good cheare jeering the Captaine till he was contented to send forth abundance of victuals for the whole party to make good quarters for our whole Officers within the Towne where they did get both meat money and beside I made all the Dorpes that were without the Towne belonging to it to pay a contribution of money to me my Officers for keeping good order w ch we did to repay the Captaines unthankfulnesse The next day leaving the partie to make good cheare I went to the Rhinegrave to receive his Commands who directed me to march to a Dorpe within two miles of Coblentz and to quarter there till further Orders I retired to the partie and forcing the Captaine to send fiftie Musketiers with me wee followed our Orders and quartered within two miles of Coblentz The Rhinegrave having gotten intelligence where some of the Spaniards did lie in quarters with his Regiment falling into their quarters he did defeat two Regiments of them that were come over the Mosell before the Armie The next day he advertised me he was to advance with his Regiment towards Spier neere the Mosell to attend the enemies coming and if he were distressed he would advertise me whereby I might timely beset the Strengths The Spaniard having set over his Army at Spier being ten thousand strong getting intelligence of the Rhinegraves Quarter they marched on it where he lay in open Dorpes in a manner trusting and reposing too much unto himselfe and his strength mis-regarding his enemies being a Cavalier who was both couragious and resolute who had also resolute and valourous Officers and Souldiers under him a sudden alarum had no power to fright him or his being his watch was commanded by Rutmaster Hume of Carrelside who was a Cavalier of courage and of good experience finding by intelligence the enemy was approaching on his Guard he advertised his Colonell timely to draw out on horse-backe and to expect his enemy in the field who did take no notice of the first advertisement till the Rutmaster rode to him and advertised him to draw to the fields he commanded him againe to retire unto his watch he knew his owne time the Rutmaster scarce returned when he with his watch were charged by three Troopes which charge he received and charged them againe and then retired on the Colonels quarter being so hard followed that by the Colonell was on horse-back he was invironed by three Regimēts of the enemies whom he bravely charged home with foure troops of his and making them to retire he did caracolle about from the enemy having suffered losse on the charge The young Grave of Nassaw then a Rutmaster being hurt and taken and divers more inferiours being retired he commanded Rutmaster Hume with the other foure Troopes to make a stand before the enemy to hold them off till such time he were retired The Rutmaster seeing the enemies strong coming up in full squadrons one after another he drew up very wisely his foure troops in the entry of a wood making a large and broad front whereby the enemy might judge he was stronger than he was as also that they might thinke he had Musketiers behinde him in Ambuscade for a reserve or hinderhalt which made the enemy give them the longer time and the better opportunitie to his Colonell to retire with ease The Rutmaster finding the enemy to fall off a little he retired his troopes at an easie trot till he overtooke the Colonell who thought before their coming they had beene all cut off Immediatly the Rhinegrave sent to me to beset the Garrisons as I did and then he sent Poste unto his Majestie acquainting his Majestie how all had past and of the enemies strength which his Majestie having knowne he drew his Armie together at Mentz with a resolution to fight with the Spaniard before he were suffered to relieve Franckendale but the enemy hearing of his Majesties preparation they retired over the Mosell againe and they being retired I was recall'd with the partie unto Mentz where having left a Captaine and a hundred Musketiers with the Rhinegrave to be disposed on having got orders to that effect from his Majestie which afterwards were all cut off by the enemy the rest of the partie dismist I retired to my Commands The twenty five Observation THE duty of an Officer leading a party is almost alike to the duty of a Generall leading an Army in fight in march in quartering in command and
spending of a little provision which they had long kept in store to sustaine them in their necessities having had within their walls to sustaine dayly besides the Army eight hundred thousand soules being no small burthen to a Land-towne Here also we see his Majesties fore-sight in giving a kinde of content unto his Army according to his custome at such times the enemy drawing neere unto him to tie the Souldiers and their Officers to the greater obedience unto his Majesties commandements to undergoe whatsoever he was to command them and for to grieve the enemies by the rumour of monies which then was given out to his Majesties Souldiers the enemies Army might be disbandoned and monies being so rife amongst them to forsake their owne Colours and runne away unto his Majesties Army It must needs have bin an extraordinary great provision that sustained so many soules a day within the City whereunto a great part of the country people Gentry and Boores had runne together for refuge being a great number of people besides the Army which was sustained for three moneths together by the providence of God the Rector and Governour of the world and the Fountaine of all goodnesse this Omnipotent Omniscient and Invincible GOD governing all and over-seeing all by his providence at this time did so direct this people in middest of their troubles that they having recommended themselves and the event of their affaires to this great God they concluded that it was better to prevent then to suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies And therefore they fell to worke in earnest for their owne safeties and the safety of his Majesties Army being under God resolved to protect them The thirty-fourth Duty discharged at Nurenberg and of the occurrences there HIS Majesty having Recognosced the City and situation thereof finding his Forces weake in respect of the enemies he resolved to take all the advantage he could in setting downe his Leaguer for the preservation of his Army and the safety of the City and therefore he caused to draw the draught of the Leaguer to goe in a circular Orbe round the whole City the water running through the middest of it The Leaguer begun at the East without the Suburbes called in Dutch Marke were towards the South to the part called Lightenhooffe where his Majesties quarter was and from thence towards the west to the Townes new workes crossing over the water This Leaguer being accomplished in ten dayes and in full defence with strong Skonces Redoutes Fossies batteries and being well fortified round with Stakkets without the Fossio and at all sorting Ports being well foreseene with slaught-bomes and triangles well fastened and close His Majesty then upon the North side of the City made the retrenchment goe likewise round the City being also well fortified with strong Skonces and Fossies from the East unto the West beginning at the Marke Flect Were and going round the Iâ—den boole even to St. Iohn and the water closed Above the water on the hight was made a great Skonce and another great Skonce was made in the corner at Gostenhooffe with deepe water graffes having workes without it againe and halfe moones also before Steeâ—ehoole over against Schwennaw there was another Skonce fast and strong Likewise at the backe of the Dorpe Steenehoole towards the Leaguer there was another strong Skonce made likewise towards the wood at the South on the street called Rottenbacherstreete there was made an extraordinary strong Skonce set about with foure crossed Stakkets of strong timber so that there was no meanes to storme it the like was made on the streete called Altoffer streete These workes Skonces and Redoutes being accomplished a great number of Cannon great and small were brought on the workes the Batteries all ready there could be reckoned in the Leaguer about this Towne without the walls of Cannon on their Carriages above three hundred great and small Our Leaguer thus fortified the Emperiall Army led by the Duke of Fridland Walestine joyned with the Duke of Bavaria his Forces consisting both of fifty thousand men having the first of Iuly taken in Schawbach the second day after they drew towards the Dorpe called Steyne over against Nurenberg which doth lie about a Dutch mile from the Towne there they begun to pitch a Leaguer and from Steyne towards the Fleckt called Zerndorfe the Leaguer being well fortified on the seventh of Iuly the Duke of Fridland made his Leaguer also towards Zerndorfe on the top of the hill called Altberg wherein he tooke for an advantage an old ruinous and waste Castle neere which there lay a hunting house in the wood on the top of the hill over against the Fleckt-Fort which was called the old strength in Dutch This Fort he caused strongly to pallisade without the workes with Fossies and Stakkets without the fossie other great and strong Skonces he caused to make and divers other strong Skonces on the old hill the Fossies and brest workes were all fortified with great and strong Trees and within the workes were severall barrells or hogsheads filled with sand and stones for throwing placed on the Batteries and by this strong and great Leaguer Valestine did cut off from his Majesties Army and the Towne of Nurenberg all kinde of victualls or provision could come unto them by the Axile thinking thereby to blocke up his Majesties Army forceing him to take another resolution and then he thought to compell the Kings Majesty to a peace according to his minde These two Armies thus incamped and set downe opposite one against another they begun all of them as they went forth in the country about to steale to rob to plunder and to spoile the whole country for to supply with victualls and other furniture these two great new-founded Cities of short continuance though it is certaine many of them did get life-rent-leases of their new built houses Thus having set downe the manner of both the Armies incamping we lay still one against another a long time neither giving nor offering offence one to another except it were by meere accident in the country amongst stragling troopes Neverthelesse though we looked on each others we had our watches night and day before one anothers noses without loosing of one Pistoll or without one Alarum in two moneths time as if in effect there were a Stil-stand of Peace During this time we were thus looking one to another the Spaniard finding his Majesty with the maine Army farre off he resolved to take his time in the Paltz and crossing the Mosel againe towards Alzie his Excellence the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne having intelligence of their coming he did bring his horsemen over the Rhine and suffered the Spaniard to draw neere Mentz and then marched unto them in the meane time the Spanish Generall Comissary Lookas Cagro did breake up with twelve Companies of horse giving orders to the rest to follow him of intention to fall unlooked for on the Rhine-graves quarter But he did count without
commodities which did occasion the meeting at Hailbrun The fourty-one Observation AFter his Majesties departure unto Saxony our Briggad which formerly on all occasions followed his Majestie being often the Guard of his person as at his crossing the Rhine and at Miniken were left behind which then we thought very hard as if thereby we had beene lost which may be was the meanes of our safetie for as some flying from danger meet with death others doe finde protection in the very jawes of mischiefe and some others in their sleepe are cast into fortunes lap while as others for all their industrie cannot purchase one smile from her Wee see then that man is but meerely the ball of time being tost too and fro is governed by a power that must be obeyed and we know there is a providence ordering all things as it pleaseth him for which no man is able to finde or give a reason we must therefore beleeve S t. Ierome saying Providentiâ Dei omnia gubernantur quae putatur poena medicina est In vaine then we murmur at the things that must be and in vaine we mourne for what we cannot remedie Therefore let this be our chiefe comfort that we are alwayes in the hands of a Royall Protectour what ever then befalls us we must be contented not strugling against power We see also there is nothing more dangerous for Commanders in warres then to be thought once by their fellowes Officers and Souldiers to be greedy of the evill of gaine which opinion once received by inferiours may mightily crosse the fortunes of their Leaders for when Officers and Souldiers conceive an evill opinion of their Leaders no eloquence is able to make them thinke well of them thereafter for a supreme Officer being once remarked to keepe the meanes of those that served them they are without doubt thereafter despised by their followers And therefore he is never worthy the name of a glorious Commander that doth not preferre the vertue of liberalitie before the love of perishing gold otherwise in his teeth he will be aswell despised by the common Soldiers as by his betters for a brave Commander ought never to make an Idol of the moneys which should satisfie Souldiers but he should rather looke unto that which may follow to wit his overthrow or at least his contempt Therefore I would advise Cavaliers that command and leade others to entertaine the affection of those that have served bravely and truly lest being unjustly disdained they might turne their Armes the contrary way Wee see also the emulation of vertue betwixt friends commendable in striving who should force the enemy first unto a parlé where the diligence and valour of Major Sinclaire is praise-worthy who feared nothing but discredit where we see that the enticement to great travell and paines is glory and honour And we see all Arts and sciences are attained unto with diligent exercise So that it is not time or number of yeares that makes a brave Souldier but the continuall meditation of exercise and practise For Souldiers should be frequented in running not to runne away as some doe but on the contrary that with the greatest celerity they may prosecute their enemies taking time in overtaking their flying enemies and that they may the better releeve their friends for more come to be good Souldiers by use then by nature Here also I did see our Generall following Guischardin his counsell that wished to make a silver bridge to let passe our enemies but if the enemy on his retreat would grow carelesse and amuse himselfe once on booty then it were a fit time to medle with him being loaden with booty After his Majesties death we see the alteration of time did give greater advantage unto our enemies for while as our Army lay idle the whole winter at Ausburg the enemy was gathering his forces and we losing time neglected our duty having lost our Head and Leader when we ought rather to have followed our enemies with fire sword spoile and slaugâ—ter till we had subdued them than to have suffered the enemy before our noses to have taken from us that which we by his Majesties good conduct had conquered before So that we see it is vicissitude that maintaines the world and as one scale is not alwayes in depression nor the other lifted ever higher even so like unto the alternate wave of the Beame we were at this time with both our Armies kept ever in the play of motion The fourty-two Duty of our March through Schwabland under the Alpes to our Leaguer at Donavert being the end of my Expedition with the Regiment HAving joyned with the Felt-marshall at Vlme we crossed the Danube and quartered over-night in the Earldome of Kirkberg being Generall Major Ruthven his lands disposed unto him by his Majesty for good service and hearing the enemies Army were at Memming within six miles of us we advanced the next morning towards them with a resolution to beate them backe unto Baviâ—â— being almost equall with them in Strength we continued our march with extreme cold till the second night that we quartered in a great Dorpe a mile from the enemy so that in the night fire entring in our quarter with difficulty we saved our Amunition and Artillery having lost many Horses and the most part of the Armies Baggage Notwistanding whereof we marched the next day towards Memming and before our coming the enemy having strongly beset the Towne he marched away two miles from the Towne thinking to ingage us with the Towne that he might returne againe with advantage to releeve it seeing we had not time to intrench our selves he being then so neere But we finde at our coming the enemy was gone we drew up in battaile within reach of Cannon to the Towne where they saluted us with Cannon till it drew neere night and then leaving strong watches before the Towne for feare of out-falling laying our watches to keepe them in we quartred over-night in Dorps attending the up coming of our Baggage being scarce of victualls and without forrage but such as we brought with us The next morning our baggage being come and hearing the enemy was within two miles of us leaving a strong hinder-halt to keepe in the Garrison we marched with the rest of the Army after the enemy where before night our fore-troopes did skirmish together and we having the best of it the enemy was forced to leave a strong Reare-guard of Horse and Dragoniers making the rest of his Army to march away unto a passe beside Kempten being a strong streight Passe the country being streight and hilly full of woods very commodious for Ambuscadoes so that we could not march to them but in order of Battaile our fore-troopes of horse and Dragoniers advancing softly on the enemy being forced to recognize still before them till at last they charged their horse-watches which being beaten by ours we did get three Cornets from them where incontinent Major Sidserfâ—e with
had sufficiently done towards him Hugh Murrey being desired in time of hot service to goe and take off his brother being killed he lacking powder said going towards his dead brother I will first emptie my brothers Bandeâ—iers as I have done mine owne to be revenged on his enemies before I take him off in the meane time he was shot in the eye himselfe and that wondrous favourably the Bullet some few dayes after having come forth at his nose which is most true though seeming incredible This day also I observed an ill custome too common to all Generals that they make most use in time of desperate service of those that doe best serve them and when once they have experience of their valour they never omit to employ them on the most dangerous exploits and for reward they onely doe commend their valour when others are scarce remembred at all Here also I did see that on hot service nothing can be more comfortable than the getting of a timely reliefe as we did get of the rest of our Regiment for having long smarted under the mercy of Cannon and Musket in hot service so that a Souldier was not able to handle his Musket for feare of burning having shot so oft till his shoulder did ake who can thinke but to such a one a reliefe was welcome truely I thinke no man that hath his foot in the fire but would gladly take it out yet I perswade my selfe there were some here who would suffer to burne before they retired with disgrace or discredit their honour being so deare unto them The best proofes a Souldier can inferre of his valiâ—â—t courage are his wounds got with credit not running away and the best exhortation a Leader can give common Souldiers is to shew himselfe couragious and then without words with a signe some will follow him in imitating his example Here also I did observe that the Dutch are not the best Souldiers in extremitie of danger though I confesse for the discharge of all dutie otherwise very obedient till it come to extremitie and then commonly they make a Cloake of discontentment and call for money as they did this day Likewise I cannot say but Horse-men are usefull many times as they were here yet in my opinion in their service they are not to be paralleld to foot For at the in-taking of Townes and in hilly and mountainous Countries that are straight by nature they are not usefull neither can they doe but little service yet for their great charges they are much harder to be entertained Therefore my choice shall be ever as most credible to command on foote and if I were worthy to advise a King or a Generall following warres I would wish him to esteeme more of his foot Officers than of his horse then fewer should serve on horsebacke and more on foote and as his Charges should be lesse his profit should be the more his Armie the stronger his Countrey lesse spoyl'd his contribution to maintaine his Armie the better payd his treasure richer his Victories more frequent and more durable his Conquest the better maintained This I dare presume to affirme to be all true out of my little experience and which is more all the time I have served where I have heard one fault imputed to a body of foote I could instance ten defects in our Horsemens service for the worst sort of them being too much given to plowndring makes them neglect their duties which fault also is too Common amongst many of their Leaders though I have knowne some honest men amongst them free from this imputation and for a King or Prince that must defend his Countrie by sea as our noble Mr the King of Dennarke was I would advise him as unprofitable for his service and country not to encertaine strangers in this kinde so being their charges would far surmount the benefit that could redound by their service yet I cannot say but the Rhinegrave his Regiment was the only Regiment under the King at this time that did best service which was ever praise worthy Likewise I have found by experience that those who fight best in occasions have ever the best of it though they chance to suffer losse if it come to a retreat commonly they are most respected and come first off as we did at this time and it is ever better to fight well and to retire timely then for a man to suffer himselfe to be taken prisoner as many were that morning after our retreat and in occasions I rather choose to die honourably then to live and to be prisoner to a churlish fellow that perhaps would keepe me in perpetuall bondage as many brave men are kept or otherwise at my taking to be scurvely used being stript naked by a Villaine and then if I lacked monies about me to be cut and carved and at last poorely put to death being naked without Armes to defend my selfe My advise then is to him that cannot resolve to fight well that he resolve according to his station and charge to be well furnished of money not onely about him but also to have money to the best in a sure place and in sure hands to maintaine him being prisoner and to pay his ransome or otherwise let him resolve to remaine in perpetuall bondage except some noble friend or other have compassion on him Likewise I would advise all worthy Souldiers and Officers going on service if they can never to want some monies about them that if they chance to come as prisoners in undiscreete hands they may cast a bone in the doggs teeth to curry favour of the cruell curre I did also observe here that continency is a vertue very necessary for a Souldier for abstaining from many inordinate appetites that followe his profession that he may the better suffer hunger cold thirst nakednesse travell toyle heate and what else patiently never mutining for any defect for it is the greatest victory we can attaine unto to overcome our selves and our appetites Likewise I did observe that Kings and Generalls are very courteous to Cavaliers while as they stand in neede of their service in making their use of them but the occasion once past oft times they do looke on Cavaliers at a distance as if they had not imployment for them which should teach Cavaliers to take their time with reason of their Masters also and then they might care the lesse for them being strangers or forraigne Kings while as they would disdaine them having still a sure retreate to their owne King and Master Here also I found that a friend in neede was better then gold for had not the Duke of Wymar beene our friend we had bin left behinde at the passe and beene prisoners the next day with the rest of the Army It is therefore ever best to do well come after what may for vertue in despight of envy will not want a reward And a stout Marriner that hath ridden out the storme with losse as
Majestie continually to divert them from us esteeming more of our soules than of deceivable riches whereof the possession is uncertaine as was seene at this time both in Holsten and Yewtland their riches went faster away than they came and though they could have enjoyed them yet at last they were forced to leave them to others Since therefore we can carry nothing with us but our good name let us be ever carefull of that discharging so farre as we may with a good Conscience our dutie to God and man and this Heritage we cannot be robbed of though the world should turne to nothing Here we see this magnanimous King his estate falling for his love to his Niece the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Children seeing her banished from her Kingdome by the sword of her enemies he hazards the losse of his Crowne and person to get her restored bringing the sword of his enemies within his owne Countrey fortune having crossed him abroad yet for all this this Magnanimous King was not dejected but with a couragious resolution makes use of the time retiring to one corner of his Kingdome to prevent the losse of the whole being naturally fortified with a broad graffe as the Isle of Britaine being strong of shipping having his Majestie of Britaine to friend and the Estates of the united Provinces he was carelesse of the Emperours forces by Sea or Land not being able to harme his Majestie more than they did By this example we may see what advantage our Soveraigne the Kings Majestie of great Britaine hath over all forraigne Kings in Europe through the scituation of his Dominions being mightie in power of men shipping and money is able to make warre abroad where he pleaseth and to make a safe Retreat when he pleaseth being Master at Sea as he can easily be terrifying his enemies with one Armie abroad and a strong Armie at Sea he can offend whom he will and retire when he list forcing all Europe to be in feare of him and his Majestie in feare of none but of the King of Kings The Lord therefore preserve his Majestie his Children and Subjects from the power of forraigne enemies and I wish a great part of my friends and Country-men were so farre addicted to seeke the restitution of her Majestie of Bohemia and her Royall Issue as I am the warres then should never end till they were restored and I avenged of my friends bloud and mine owne shed in the quarrell Here also I did observe his Majesties circumspection in preventing the Emperialists in coming by water unto his Kingdome having beset all Finland with strong Garrisons of Horse and Foote which kept strong guards and good watch by night and by day at such places on the Coast as was most in danger of the enemies over-setting till in the end the enemy was forced to retire his Armie leaving but a few men in Garrison in the Townes which lay on the Coast which Garrisons his Majestie with shipping did often visite to their great hurt with strong parties retiring againe having done his exployt at his pleasure in safetie This Magnanimous King to my knowledge deserved to have been worthily thought of and well spoken of for his noble enterprizing of the warre being Leader and Generall in so good a cause And though the successe was not answerable I dare be bold to affirme it was none of his Majesties fault for his Majestie not onely bestowed much in advancing of it but also did hazard himselfe and his Crowne in maintaining of it Neverthelesse there are alwayes some Cynicks that doe barke at his Majesties proceedings without reason where we may see that no man no nor Kings themselves can escape the lash of censure and none can eschew to be traduced by the ignominious aspersions of the malevolent tongue Therefore it is good to doe well and then we need not care what is said except the sayer put his name to his assertion and then he may be made to foote his Boule in maintaining of it or unworthily to refuse it Here also I did observe that no Armour nor passe could remove the Generalls feare for having once imagined the enemies over-coming he was never fully setled till he was safe a ship-board And therefore I did see at this time that verified that when man distrusteth God it is then just with God to leave man to himselfe for after our Retreat being on the Roade the Generall being thronged in his owne Ship could not command a Ship to transport his servants till I forced a Ship for his Excellencies service which should teach all men in Authoritie while they have command to command with discretion lest the wheele should turne and then they should be beholding to those whom before they commanded Here also I did see mutinous Souldiers well rewarded and it may be sooner than they thought for the day before those that call'd for money when they were commanded to goe on service the next day I being a Ship-board did see them turne slaves unto their enemies being taken prisoners robbed both of Cloaths and money and kept long in bondage being forced to serve against their Conscience such was their folly in calling for money when it was no time to tell it Having at this time left our horses and baggage to our enemies I observed somewhat on the love of men to those beasts and the love of beasts to their Masters as worth the noting to confirme the kindnesse that should be entertained amongst Christians and men of one profession my brother Obstell of worthy memory had a Horse of our owne Country-breed that was so familiarly acquainted with his Souldiers and with the noise and touch of Drumme that the whole day on our march when his Master went a foote he unled followed the Drumme a little aside from the Company halting when they halted and moving when they moved fast or slow Another Horse I left that being in Wismer Leager having rode out one day to a wood halfe a mile from the Leager to cause to cut timber leaving my Horse standing alone and my Cloake on my Saddle a Rutter coming by unknowne to me and my fellowes steales my Horse away who finding himselfe in strangers hands skips loose and runs to our Leager being chas't and hunted at by more than a hundred Horsemen out-runs them all unto the trenches and running through the Leager stands before my Tent my Camerades wondering what became of mee thinking I had been killed by the Horsemen come and make search for me and finding me tell me of my Horse These beasts I have remembred for their love for which I will set downe some particulars concerning the addresse fidelitie and bountie of some Horses whereof I have formerly read Plinie protests their prayses cannot be expressed We reade of the Numidians that were so much redoubted of the Romanes that in their warres they would at spurres runne their Horses in middest of their enemies without a bridle to governe
great ship called Reffe that fought valiantly against the Portugalls and they being entred into her there was made on the suddaine an artificiall fire that so affrighted the pursuers that they quit the Reffe retiring the farthest they could from her which fire did not burne being artificially made and the makers of it could extinguish it when they pleased To conclude then this observation and discourse of ships I did observe here before Keele fire being entred into one of our ships and the souldiers throwing salt water on it it still burnt the more till I made them throw fresh water and then it was quenched having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Venice where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty which verifies that fire and water are good servants but evill masters God make us thankefull for this deliverance and from many more since having beene in danger of fire water sword famine pestilence and from the cruelty of our enemies The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten THis Magnanimous King yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet with the hazard of his person landed againe in Holsten his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen of intention there to bring his Army together he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammunition to furnish his Army during that Summer and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard he advanced himselfe with a thousand men to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode a mile from the shore naturally well situated which might be put in defence with little paines to hold up an Army His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment the Boores set to worke I with the English and two Dutch companies were made choise of to Guard his Majestie and the workemen the enemie lying strong with horse and foote within two miles of us The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers by breake of day a Corporall and twelve horsemen of the enemies were sent to try our watch or rather to betray us which were holden up by our outer centry who calling to the Guard the Guard taking Armes I directed a Sergeant and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance and to speake with those horsemen The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong pretended an excuse alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie and then retired whereof incontinent I did informe his Majesty who presently considered he was a spie sent from the enemy before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse and some Dragoniers our intrenchment not ready we draw to Armes his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes and finding his person in danger retired with a few musketiers and leaving me and the English being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe promising to provide me of amunition and to send us reliefe his Majesty thus retired I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres giving him charge if the enemy should advance to discover or recognize then to give fire on them and not otherwise This done the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe and the English were appointed as our reserve to lye at Armes to be in readinesse to second us the enemy finding us provided and their foote not being come up they stand in Battell and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes meaning to come betwixt us and our ships to cut off our retreat but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers they were forced to retire backe with the losse of three horsemen By this time his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome to desire me if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe that I should retire to the Church-yard which was but cold comfort so being his Majesty had no intention to relieve us and consequently at last we should be the enemies prisoners after losing of our Colours which grieved us most But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty that seeing I knew of no reliefe if the enemy pursued us hard I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire behinde us and then commit my selfe and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate rather then to become prisoners to the enemy The Colonell gone we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game doubling our Guards before night and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy his foote not come up and seeing our resolution he retired before night where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us we retired to our ships giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us so soone as they thought we were safely retired Before midnight the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him returned to the Dorpe and the next morning advances towards us till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships In the meane time his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke finishing the Leager and royall Fort in the midest of it whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon the Fort being higher then the Leager did command the fields about which being complete the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland his Majesty having understood that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound The second night after our going away the enemy coming to pursue the Fort the Dutch retire quitting the same and their Cannon also with the losse of fourescore men so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine the Dutch retiring from it unfoughten The foureteenth Observation IT is much to be lamented when Kings or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale suffering it to be overthrowne on the contrary part it is worth much commendation when a King or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body for the safety of his people to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects Therefore men ought to call to minde often the wise counsell of Pericles who said that when the publique state was ruin'd he that lived well at his ease for his owne particular should not escape unruin'd where on the contrary the publique state being well the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner Caesar was of this opinion when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants no
hot sundry were killed of us but three for one of the enemy which finding himselfe resisted with valour being relieved by a fresh supply of another thousand men set on more furiously then before where sundry of our Officers were shot as Lievetenant Beaton Ensigne Dumbarre Lievetenant Arburthnot quarter Mr. Bruntfield my selfe divers others were killed as Sergeant Mac-kenyee Sergeant Young MoÌ„sieur Gordon Monsieur Stewart Monsieur Tullough all gentlemen of my Colonells company with divers more and Captaine Mac-kenyee was also shot favourably a thwart the Belly and I being wearied and growne stiffe with my wounds being helpt off did meete a fresh reliefe coming to us led by Lievetenant Andrew Stewart a valorous gentleman and of good conduct Brother to the noble Earle of Traquare I did exhort them en passant to carry themselves well they answered me cheerefully as became resolute Souldiers who were desirous to vindicate their camerades bloud against their enemies the reliefe being come the service went on a frâ—sh on both sides the enemy storming againe with the third reliefe which continued so long till a number of our Officers more were killed and hurt as Lievetenant Stewart Ensigne Seaton Ensigne Ennis Captaine Armes Andrew Monro and divers more were hurt During this time our Lievetenant Colonell was busied within the Towne in commanding the reliefes and in sending orders to the other Poasts to looke unto themselves who would not misse one man to succour or helpe us in our greatest neede Notwithstanding that the whole force of the enemies was imployed against us alone The second reliefe that came to our Poast was led by Colonell Frettz newly come to Towne with some Swedens who though not admitted to Command out of his generositie being accompanied with his Lievetenant Colonell Mac-Dougall and his Major called Semple with fourescore Musketiers voluntarily did come to succour and helpe our Nation who at his first coming received deaths wounds whereof he died shortly after His Lievetenant Colonell also was taken prisoner and was missing for six monâ—ths we not knowing whither he was dead or alive The Major also was killed instantly at his first coming to service so that the last time and on the last storme by the breake of day the enemy was once entred our workes and was beate backe againe with great losse with swords and pikes and butts of Muskets so that the day cleering the enemy was forced to retire having lost above a thousand men and we neare two hundred besides those who were hurt He that was on this nights service from the beginning to the ending being in action might avouch he did escape danger The enemy forsaking our workes unconquered the grasâ—e filled with their dead bodies equall to the bancks the workes ruin'd in the day time could not be repair'd which caused the next nights watch to be the more dangerous The seventeenth Observation THE Emperour Alexander Severe had reason to say that Military Discipline did conserve and maintaine the Estate And so might the magnanimous King of Denmarke say of this service and the Towne of Trailsound the Citizens of it before this time being sluggish dissolute cowards spend-thrifts and voluptuous are now by this Discipline made active menagers valiant sparing and honest the thankes whereof they owe unto our Nation whose bones lie in their ground and to our Country-man who since hath beene their Governour for the reward of his vertue was appointed by his Majestie of Sweden of worthy memory and set to Command over them and their Citie And it is most sure that the observance of good discipline is the maintaining of Kingdomes Cities and Common-wealths making them to flourish where discipline is well kept as it was here during our beleagering for then we had no thought of gathering of money but of gaining of credit here were no Novices but expert Souldiers to resist both the craft and valour of their enemies who did feele the smart of their valourous resistance in heaping their dead bodies one upon another in the graffe During the time of this hot conflict none that was whole went off at the coming of the reliefe but continued in the fight assisting their Camerades so long as their strength served ever esteeming more of their credit than of their safetie through the desire they had to be revenged of the losses sustained by their Camerades On the other part it was reported of Walestine that he was so eager to get in the Towne that his Officers retiring off servce being hurt he caused to shoot them dead calling them Cowards for retiring with so small hurt Here also I purpose to speake somewhat of the Emperialists custome entring on service shouting like Turkes as if crying would terrifie resolute Souldiers No truely we were more encouraged having long expected for their coming being all of us well resolved for the Combat we were greedie of honour and therefore we longed to try our enemies valour Seeing we were more overjoyed of their coming than any wise terrified and we received them with Volees of Cannon and Musket in their teeth which faire and well come was hard of digestion unto some of them and it might be well said of them as the Proverbe is amongst the Bactrians that the dogges did barke more than they did bite especially the Fleete Curres for true courage consists not in words neither ought we to looke for much courage where we heare many boysterous words But on the contrary true valour doth consist in the greatnesse of courage and in the strength of the valiant Arme and not in the Tongue and the first people that did practise this lowde crying of martiall resolution and of rejoycing in battell were the Israelites who in the most part of their fighting used those cryes as testimonies of their faith and of their earnest calling for the helpe of the Almightie And a Lord of Africke being to fight against the Portugalls his Troopes ready to fight he said unto them they should not cry but strike hard for saith he those men whom you see are not accustomed to be afraide with words nor voyce for it is not in cryes but in valour that men should establish the hope of Victory Neverthelesse we reade in Histories that the Romanes and other warlike Nations were wont in Battells as to this day in approaches even as in fields to cry alowd and therefore we say among our selves at home that he is to be pittied that is surprized with the cry of his Enemies We reade also of the Savages whom the French doe call Tokniambous that before they come within halfe a mile they cry like Devills at the first sight of their enemies redoubling their cryes coming neare hand sounding their hornes lifting their Armes here and there in a boasting manner fighting so long as they are able to move hand or foote never giving ground or turning backe till they die Tacitus reports that the Germanes of old did sing going to fight and wee reade of Cato the
Censor that he taught young men to fight standing in one place and he used to say often that words were more powerfull to terrifie and to chase an enemy than the stroaks of the hand And the same Cato said he loved not the Souldier that did shake his hands marching that staggred with his feet in fighting snorted lowder in sleeping than he did cry coming to fight And Caesar said that in every man was seene a certaine moving and naturall readinesse and promptitude that kindled them with a desire to fight which Generalls and Commanders of Armies ought diligently to intertaine and not extinguish Wherefore it was that the Ancients before they fought caused to sound their Trumpets beate their Drummes and made their Souldiers cry hard esteeming that did encourage their Troopes and affright their enemies The Macedons also began their fighting with crying and shouting and Curtius reports that as soone as the Armies saw one another within shot of Musket the Persians began to cry furiously and the Macedons though fewer in number did so answer them that the tops of the Mountaines and Woods resounded againe to the Echo of their Cryes The like we reade in our owne Story where the Author in his ninth Booke makes mention of Henry Piercie Earle of Northumberland and Regent of England at the East being come unawares into Scotland with seven thousand men was driven away by the Boores and Herds by the helpe of Stone-Bagges as they are called to this day in our High Lands of Scotland being used by the Inhabitants to fright Wolves and to chase Deere and other Beasts from their grasings the Instrument is made of dry skinnes made round like a Globe with small stones in it that make a noise as they did neere the English Campe that their Horses brake loose through the fields where after long flying they were taken by the Boores of the Country If then we should cry at all let it be such a noise as may terrifie our enemies being strong couragious and brave Plutarch reports that the cry of Souldiers made a Raven flying in the ayre to fall downe being astonished and Titus Livius saith that when the multitude of people did imbarke that few or none were left in Italie and Sicile coming together and crying the Birds astonished fell out of the ayre and Paulus Aemilius reports the like that when the Christians besieged Tyre a Pigeon was seene in the Ayre which made the Christians raise such a noise that the Pigeon fell downe as if it had beene stricken with thunder and that they found a Letter about the necke of the Pigeon that the Sarazens had sent to the besieged shewing they should be soone relieved if they would take good courage and maintaine the Towne for certaine dayes and the Christians having men with them who understood the same language did write another Letter which they tyed to the necke of the said Pigeon and let him goe which Letter carried that the besieged had neede to looke to themselves that they had given good proofe of their valour and fidelitie and that their Fortune was not to give them hope of reliefe the passages being closed up by their enemies and the Tyrians thus deceived give over the Towne unto the Christians The like we reade practized at the siege of Harlam which made the Towne hold out long and it is certaine such Poasts are made fall downe with the noise of crying and of Cannon and Musket so that their packetts are taken from them Here also was wonderfull the losse and dammage done by Cannon especially the Morters of the enemy carrying Bullets of Stone within the Towne of three hundreth pound weight and some that carried Bullets of one hundreth and sixtie pound and in one day there were shot on the Port of Franckendore where we went out to our watch above seven hundreth and sixtie shot of Cannon the noise whereof was heard above thirtie English miles Also we reade that at the Battell of Lepanto in the yeare 1572. where the Turkes were defeated with great losse that the noise of the Cannon was heard from the place above sixtie Scottish miles But on the Sea they are heard a great deale farther as having neither hill nor wood to hinder the sound in the Ayre Here also I did observe how happie it is when Officers and Souldiers love one another refusing to undertake no danger to supply their Camerades their lives being dearer unto them than their owne which was evident by the timely reliefe which discouraged the Enemy and made them at last perceiving their owne losse to be great having effectuated little in the end to settle To speake in particular of any mans valour at this time seeing to my knowledge I perceived no defect neither in Officer nor Souldier but so farre as to my griefe I did speake of the Dutch that left their Captaine which since I confesse to be a warlike Nation being now long hardned by the custome of warres but on desperate service as this was I would wish if I had libertie to choose other seconds neither can I commend those Dutch that would not send us reliefe in our great danger for though we ought to looke to our owne houses when our neighbours are on fire yet Christian compassion ought to move us to supply the defects of our brethren but when Souldiers and Officers preferre their case with whole skinnes to the safetie of their Camerades in danger then such may be justly called simple without moderation abandoning their Camerades they lose their good name and bring their reputation and valour in question Who will not then blame such and who will not praise those thâ—t in extremitie contemned life and their ease to relieve their Camerades as Colonell Fretts his Lievetenant Colonell and Major did fighting against our enemies Him then I esteeme as a valiant Souldier that fights against the enemy embracing wounds for his Mistresse and that is contented to lie on the ground being weary and that makes no difference of food to serve his appetite without sawce being contented with a nod for a sleepe to such a Souldier nothing is impossible or hard to attempt and such Souldiers to command were my choice that cared not for gold nor money but for credit and Souldiers have most feare when they are best fed best clad best armed and when their purses are best furnished but when the Souldier glorieth in his povertie then doth the Armie flourish then doe they overthrow their enemies And therefore it was the saying of Demetrius to Xerxes King of Persia going to make warre in Greece that Greece did ever entertaine povertie and lodged vertue brought in by wisedome and severe discipline by which meanes their dominion remaineth unconquered so long as they were enemies to vice and were glad in their povertie as may be well spoken of our owne Nation at home that hath suffered and done so much and more for our freedomes than any Kingdome in Europe
were both broken and they being feeble fellowes they lost courage thus under the mercy of the raging Seas and waves going higher then the Mastes over the ship sides wee patiently attended the Lords mercy with prayers till One of the clocke the next day during which time I forced the Mariners and Souldiers that could best worke having cut the Masts and the ends of the Crosse yards with Deales and the Deckes of the ship to make a floatâ— being made it was tyed to the ship within with Towes hanging at it which the waves could carry ashoare the floate thus ready with strength of men was let downe by the Ships side whereon foure of the most couragious Souldiers did adventure to goe some Boores a shoare having got hold of the Towes that were bound to the Floate with the helpe of the waves drawe the Float ashoare and being drawne backe to the ship wee did continue in this manner ferrying out our souldiers till at last the most part were landed who being landed sought along the Coast and finding a Boate did bring it with Horses on a Waggon whereof wee made use in landing the rest of our souldiers whereof I remayned the last till I saw our Armes landed But our Amunition and Baggage being lost we were in a pitifull feare being neere unto our Enemies and above Twenty Dutch miles from his Majesties Army bâ—ing without fixe Armes and lacking Amunition wee had nothing to defend us but Swords and Pikes and some wet Muskets the enemy being neere our resolution behoved to be short where having learned of the Boores how neere the Enemy was unto us I suffered none to goe from us lest we might be discovered to our enemies After advisement I sent Captaine Bullion with a Guide to the Captaine of the Castle of Rougenvalde belonging to the Duke of Pomerne offering if hee would furnish us some fixe Muskeâ—s with some dry Amunition and Bullets wee would cut off the Enemy that lay in the Town and defend Town and Castle from the enemy for his Majesty till such time as his majesty might relieve us the proposition so pleased the Captaine that hee gave way to my suite and withall hee for feare of such suspition goes unto the Countrey having sent a Gentleman with Amunition to me to convey me a secret way unto the Castle where I should receive Fifty muskets my Captaine retiring to me with the Gentleman and Amunition I marched till I came safe to the Castle and then from the Castle falling on the Towne with commanded Musketiers under the command of Captaine Bullion I stayed my selfe with the reserve my folkes entering the Towne the Enemy a lost drew to Armes thus service begun my partie being strongest some of the enemy shot the rest got quarters and mercy our Watch duely set the Keyes of the Towne and Castle being delivered unto me my greatest care was then how to put our selves in safety against our Enemies being at Colberge within seven miles of us I begun to learne from those on the Castle what pâ—sses did lye betwixt us and Colberge I was told of a little River did lye two miles from us which was not passable but at one Bridge where I went to Recognosce and finding it was so I caused them to breake off the Bridge where I did appoint a company of Boores with Armes and Horses by them to watch the passe and if in case the enemy should pursue them they had Orders from me to defend the passe so long as they could commanding them also at the first sight of the Enemy to advertise me wherby they might be supplyed and I put on my Guard Being retyred from the passe immediately I did send a Boore on Horsebacke in the night to acquaint his Majesty of Sweden the Army then â—ying at Statine twenty Dutch miles from us with the manner of our hard landing and of our happy successe after landing as likewise disiring to know his Majesties will how I should behave my selfe in those Quarters the Enemy being strong and I very weake his Majesty returned for resolution unto me that I should doe my best to fortifie and beset the passes that were betwixt me and the Enemy and to keepe good watch and good order over the Soldiers and not to suffer them to wrong the Country people whom I should presse to keepe for my Friends This Order being come I begun with the Country Boores first to fortifie the Passages without me and next to make Skonces and Redoubts without the Towne as also to repaire the Fortifications about the Castle and in cleansing of the Mote that it might be deeper of water the other parts also without me I brought under Contribution to his Majestie by sending parties of Dâ—agoniers athwart the Country in Hinder Pomerne betwixt me and Dantsicke being twenty Dutch mile in length which all in short time I did bring under contribution to his Majesty As also the Enemy having had a Magazin of Corne at Rougenvalde and Stolpe by our landing here was made good for his Majesties use and his Army Being thus busied for a few dayes another ship of the same Fleet being long beaten with the tempest at Sea at last was forced for scâ—rcâ—ty of victuâ—ls to Anker on the same Coast being foure hundred men of Colonel Fretz Rosse his Regiment of Dutch his Lieutenant Colonell called Tisme Howsne did come ashore intreating me to supply him with victuals which I did In the meane time he asked my advice if he might land his Soldiers there I told â—im I had no counsell to give him seeing there was no necessity of 〈◊〉 landing and which was more his Orders were to land at another part so that he had to advise whether he should follow his Orders or for second respects if hee might neglect his Orders so that on all hasards he lâ—nded his people also which were quartered with me in the Towne Shortly after he would contest with me for command which bred a coldnesse betwixt us Whereupon I again advertised his Majestie of our difference desiring his Majesty might dispose of the Command his Majesty offended with the other did send an absolute warrant unto me to command him and the whole Garrison at my pleasure for the well of his Majesties service during our being there where we remained nine weekes fighting and skirmishing with the enemie till Sir Iohn Hepburne with his Regiment was sent by his Excellence the Rex Chancellor from Spruce to relieve us The First Observation HAving thus by the providence of God happily landed againe on the faire fertill and spacious Continent of Dutchland with a handfull of old experimented Soldiers able to endure all misery toile or travell being valourous to undertake any perill or danger they were to be commanded upon being led by such a Generall as GUSTAVUS the Invincible their new Master was under whose command and conduct as their supreame Leader and me as his Majesties and my Colonels inferiour Officer they
on shoulder to shoulder Colonell Lumsdell and I fortunately without hurt enter the Port where at our entry some I know received their rest and the enemy forced to retire in confusion being astonished at our entry they had neither wit nor courage as to let downe the Portcullis of the great Port behinde them so that we entering the streets at their heeles we made a stand till the body of our Pikes were drawne up orderly and flaâ—cked with Musketiers and then wee advanced our Pikes charged and our Musketiers giving fire on the flancks till the enemy was put in disorder After us entred Generall Banier with a fresh body of Musketiers he following the enemy in one street and Lumsdell and I in another having rancountred the enemy againe they being well beaten our Officers tooke nine Colours of theirs which were to be presented to his Majestie and the most part of the Souldiers were cut off in revenge of their crueltie used at New Brandenburg but some of their Officers got quarters such as they had given to ours This Regiment defeated wee directed an Officer with a strong partie to possesse the bridge and that to hinder their escape their passage being cut off they were also cut downe themselves till the streets were full of dead bodies and that the most part of our Souldiers and Officers disbanded to make bootie leaving me and a few number of honest Souldiers to guard my Colours which disorder I confesse stood not in my power to remedie Thus farre for Lumsdells part and mine which I dare maintaine to be truth And as I have spoken truth of our owne Actions without ostentation which no man can controlle that is friend to vertue I will now relate other mens Actions so farre as I know to be truth by relation of my honest Camerades Lievetenant Colonell Musten being appointed to command the Musketiers of Lumsdells Regiment and of my Colonells then under my command he seeing us entred did follow after us and commanded those he led on execution apart giving no better Quaâ—ters than we did The Dutch also remembring the enemies crueltie used at Brandenburg they gave but slight Quarters Major Iohn Sinclaire as I was credibly informed being accompanied with Lievenant George Heatly being both resolute and stout were the first that came over the walles with ladders who at their first entry having but a few Musketiers with them they were charged on the streets by the enemiâ—s Curassiers or best horsemen where they were forced to stand close their backs to the wall where they entred and to give severall Salves of Muskets upon the enemy till they were made to retire Likewise after we were entred the yellow and the blew Briggads being esteemed of all the Army both resolute and couragious in all their exploits they were to enter on the Irish quarter where they were twice with great losse furiously beaten off and were cruelly spoyled with fire-workes throwne by the Irish amongst them But at last they having entred noâ—withstanding the inequality of their strength the Irish though weake stood to it and fought with sword and pikes within workes a long time till the most part of the Souldiers fell to ground where â—hey stoode fighting so that in the end Lievetenant Colonell Walter Butler who commanded the Irish being shot in the arme and pierced with a pike through the thigh was taken prisoner so that the next day it was to be seene on the poast where the best service was done and truely had all the rest stood so well to it as the Irish did we had returned with great losse and without victory The fury past the whole streete being full of Coaches and rusty waggons richly furnished withall sorts of riches as Plate Iewells Gold Money Clothes Mulets and horses for saddle coach and waggons whereof all men that were carelâ—sse of their dueties were too carefull in making of booâ—y that I did never see Officers lesse obeyed and respected than here for a time till the hight of the market was past and well I know some Regiments had not one man with their Colours till the fury was past and some Colours were lost the whole night till they were restored the next day such disorder was amongst us all occasioned through covetousnesse the roote of all evill and dishonesty At last the execution past his Majesty entred himselfe being guarded with the Rhine-Grave and his horsemâ—n who immediatly were commanded to crosse the bridge and to follow the enemy at their heeles being on slight towards Glogoe where the Felt-marshall Tuffenbacke the Count of Schonberg and Mounte De Cuculé had retired with such as escaped His Majesty having but scarce quartered in the Towne the fire beginning to burne the City accidentally Orders were given with stroake of Drume with a Bancke beaten in all streetes that all Officers and Souldiers under paine of death should repaire presently to their Colours on the other side of the Oder in the outer workes where Sr. Iohn Hepburne was ordained to command within the workes except such as were appointed to guard the Poâ—â—es of the Towne his Majesties quarter and the Generalls lodging on the market place where a strong guard was kept to suppresse plundering and the insolency of Souldiers Neverthelesse these orders proclaimed and published many disobeyed remaining in the Towne for plundering In this conflict the enemy lost neere three thousand men besides the Officers that were killed viz. foure Colonells Herbenstine Heydo Walestine and Ioure and above thirty six Officers were killed Likewise there were taken prisoners Colonell Sparre with five Lievetenant Colonell of Dutch and one Irish Cavalier that behaved himselfe both honourably and well Colours also they did lose as I did see the next day made Counte of before Generall Bannier forty one and Cornets of horse nine On our side were lost also at least eight hundred men whereof the blew and yellow for their parts lost five hundred His Majesty also did get here a great deale of provision for the Army as Corne Amunition and eighteene peeces of Ordinance The next day his Majesty appointed Generall Major Lesly as Governor over the Towne giving him orders to repaire the ruinous workes and walles as also orders were given for burying of the dead which were not buried fully in six dayes in th' end they were cast by heapes in great ditches above a hundred in every Grave The next day we were ordained to assemble our Regiments and to bring them together in Armes that they might be provided of what they wanted of Armes having lost many in their disorder The eighth Observation HIS Majesty going to rancounter his enemy before his rising from his Royall Leager at Swede did wisely dispose of his Army in making it into Briggads that coming unto the action he should not neede to thinke on the Theorie when it were time to practise as many young Commanders are forced to doe beginning to learne of others that which is defective in themselves
then halted againe till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen on the wings of the Armie a large distance from the body to scoure the fields of the Crabbats we marched againe in order of Battaile with Trumpets sounding Drummes beating and Colours advanced and flying till we came within reach of Cannon to our enemies Armie then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground with their Plottons of shot to attend them As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground during which time we were drawne up according to our former plot the enemy was thundering amongst us with the noise and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets where you may imagine the hurt was great the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing though martiall I confesse yet if you can have so much patience with farre lesse danger to reade this dutie to an end you shall finde the musicke well paide but with such Coyne that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it being over-joyed in their flying By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September in despight of the fury of the enemies Cannon and of his advantages taken they were drawne up in even front with the enemy and then our Cannon begun to roare great and small paying the enemy with the like coyne which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe during which time our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us which was diligently looked unto on all hands by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians every Officer standing firme over-seeing their Commands in their owne stations succeeding one another as occasion offered By halfe three our Cannon a little ceasing the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another our Horsemen with a resolution abiding unloosing a Pistoll till the enemy had discharged first and then at a neere distance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve then our horsemen discharged their Pistolls and then charged through them with swords and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers you may imagine how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner and repulsed Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order with resolution he charged the enemies left wing forcing them to retire disorderly on their battailes of foote which caused disorder among the foote who were forced then to fall to the right hand our Horsemen retiring his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder played with Ordnance amongst them during which time the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them they were put to the Rout horse and foote and the enemy following them cryed Victoria as if the day had beene wonne triumphing before the victory But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote where their Generall stood they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh our Armie of foote standing firme not having loosed one Musket the smoake being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hepburne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers oâ—her Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant
are signifying thereby that brave warriours Kings or Princes had no better right than their swordes Here also we see that nothing is more powerfull to bring our enemies to an accord than a strong Armie while as they want strength to oppose them for the Conquest will render and give such conditions to the Conquerour as he pleaseth to further good or bad We see also here as formerly His Majestie in respect of the Duke of Wimar his power in those Quarters which in effect is great appointed him Stat-houlder and supreame Commissioner in His Majesties absence in governing the Countrie and in strengthening the Armie by leavying of forces of horse and foote being a fit man for such employment that part of the Country being the most populous part in Germanie and cheapest to entertaine them through the fertilitie of ground in those parts rendering increase beyond any part of lower Germanie The twentieth Dutie discharged of our March towards Wurtzburg in Franconia THE twenty-six of September his Majestie divided the Armie in two Deales or parts considering the difficultie he had to march over During-vault with a strong Armie And therefore being minded to march unto Franconia to visit the Bishops of Bamberg and Wurtzburg he tooke the one halfe of the Armie with himselfe crossing over the Vault towards Konickhoffen and Swinfort and directed Lievetenant Generall Bawtish and Sir Iohn Hepburne with the other halfe of the Armie to march over the Vault unto Franconia upon Smalka and Newstat the Randezvouz appointed for the Army to meet at was Wurtzburg on the Maine being the Bishop his chiefe residence where there was a great Citie and a strong Citadell or Castle wherein lay a strong Garrison and the most part of the riches of the Country being esteemed by them as impregnable in respect of the Situation being seated on a high hill unaccessible save onely from the Towne so that it was hard to doe it any hurt by Cannon being so strong by nature and fortified with divers out-workes on the accessible side that lay to the Citie The Army thus divided and marching alike to one centre or Randezvouz his Majestie was provided to take in the strengths that lay in his way and Bawtizen and Hepburne had Orders to bring under Contribution such Cities as they marched on as they did His Majestie tooke in his way Konickhoffen by accord being strong and having beset it with a Garrison he marched from thence to Swinfort and tooke it in also and having beset it with a Garrison the Burgers being made to give their Oath of fidelitie Duke Ernest of Wymar was appointed Statholder over Franconia In this time we marched over the Vault to Smalka and from thence to Newstat Milerstad Gemond and Carlestat on the Maine The first night we quartered on the side of the Vault next unto Franconia in a Citie called Smalka where we were well quartered and the next morning we marched to Mainigen from thence to Mellerstat and then to Newstat on the Salt from thence to Hamelburg from thence to Gemond and from Gemond to Carlstat and these six Cities we tooke in by accord and having gotten a Composition of moneys of them they being sworne to give their obedience unto his Majestie having quartered in them as we past they were free paying the moneys they had promised and the monethly Contribution In this march though the Generall Lievetenant commanded in chiefe and made the Accord most to his owne advantage having got of these Townes above fiftie thousand Dollers whereof he made neither accompt to his Majestie nor yet was he any wayes beneficiall to the Colonells who did the service but put all in his owne purse neither yet did he acknowledge Sir Iohn Hepburne with the least token of his bountie whose merit at this time was not inferiour to his owne His Majesty having taken in Swinsort and beset it he continued his march to Wurtzburg and coming before the Towne he summoned them to render whereupon they did send Father Ogleby Abbot of the Scots Cloyster at Wurtzburg to capitulate with his Majestie in the behalfe of the Burgers who got granted unto them the like accord as was made with Erfort in all degrees the accord subscribed his Majestie entered the Towne the same day that our forces arrived at Carlstat being within two miles of them that night The Citie given over the Castle refusing to heare of any Treatie they begunne from the Castle-workes to plague his Majesties Armie with Cannon where ever they could lie or stand within or without the Citie on either side of the Maine they were cruelly tormented by the enemies Cannon so that at last it went on in earnest on both sides for his Majestie having had intelligence that Generall Tilly with a strong Armie of fiftie thousand men being joyned with the Duke of Loraine were coming for the reliefe of the Castle his Majestie resolved that taking of time was best and that it behooved him on the sudden to have it or not at all This Castle being a strong Strength sequestred on a height from the Towne and the Souldiers as they retired from the Towne they did breake off one Arch of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties passage over the Bridge unto the Castle being the onely way he could get to it and the Castle-workes did so command the Bridge that a single man could not passe over without great danger of life being the whole Bridge did lie open just under the Castle where there was one long plancke laid over the broken Arch being distant in height from the water neere eight fathom so that it seemed a hazard or torment to any man to passe over alongst the plancke where some valourous Officers and Souldiers would rather adventure to goe before the mouth of the Cannon than to crosse over the plancke though there were no danger of the enemies Cannon or Musket which still played furiously on that passe of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties Souldiers in setting over where at first two valourous Gentlemen of our Nation being brethren were killed on the Bridge viz. Sir Iames Ramsey his Major called Bothwell and his brother Neverthelesse before our coming from Carlstat being within two miles his Majestie had ingaged the rest of our Country-men that were with him on this piece of service being the most desperate and of the greatest importance that was ever done in Dutchland during the continuance of the warres And therefore Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were made choice of with their Regiments by his Majestie who knew both their worth and valour being perswaded if they refused it none would undertake the service after them the passage being so dangerous and of such hazard that without great difficultie there was no probabilitie to gaine much credit there and his Majestie resolved except those Cavaliers with their followers would make way to others the wished event could not be hoped for at that time seeing the enemy was within
of Daâ—berg where Lievetenant Colonell Buckoy that had the command of the Emperialists was sore wounded a Rut-master of the Câ—abbats and a Lievetenant was kill'd and aboue twenty six Souldiers besides a hundred and thirty were taken prisoners The newes came to his Majesty on our march which we continued from Winsâ—n on Wolmersdoâ—ffe and from thence the next day being the twentith of March to Furt a passe on the River of Pegnâ—ts a mile from Nurenberg where the Army lay but one night so long as his Majesty did visit Nurenberg and the next day our march continued towards a little Towne called Schawbach where his Majesty rested the Army two dayes till that the Duke of Wymars forces with Generall Banier coming from During were come within one dayes march of us his Majesties intentions being towards Donavert on the Danube where my Cozen Fâ—â—les with both his Regiments joyned with us His Majesty of Sweden accompanied with the King of Bohemia and Palsgrave Augustus and divers Princes more before their coming to Nurenberg they were met by the Lords of the Towne with a great convoy on horsbacke and were most nobly welcomed where the whole inhabitants were overjoyed at the sight of his Majesty of Sweden but chiefely their affections most abundantly did extend towards his Majesty of Bohemia which is impossible for any tongue to expresse But well I know my eyes did see their eyes shedding teares of joy being overjoyed with the sight of two Kings at once as they thought sent by the King of Kings for their reliefes and to make their welcome the more respected the whole City Burgers and Souldiers were in their brightest Armes and being conveyed unto the City they were sumptuously banqueted and in testimony of their love they gifted unto his Majesty of Sweden foure halfe Cartowes with all furniture belonging to them together with two silver Globes one Coelestiall the other Terrestiall there were also presented unto him drinking Credence many with some Antiquities that were rare and with all testifying their affection in way of complement they assure his Majesty that not only with words but with their whole estate they were ready to serve the common cause to die and live with his Majesty in the defence of the publique His Majesty thus taking leave of Nurenberg promises to continue their friend and shewes them he was to goe with his Army towards the Danow streame to see how to get a passe over the Danow for to visit the Duke of Bavier and he hoped he would make Tilly with his Army to retire thence But Tilly finding his Majesties Army growing still stronger and stronger he retired backe unto the upper Palatinat and from thence he crossed the Danow to joyne with the Duke of Bavaria to hinder our coming unto Bavaria being then of his owne forces neere eighteene thousand men foote and horse But many of them were new leavied folkes and the Duke of Bavaria had also a strong Armie together but for the most part they were such as could not indure the noise or whisling of the Cannon Bullets By this time Grave Henry William Fonselins being shot in the leg before Bamberg was departed at Swineford of a burning fâ—aver contracted through the paine of the shot whose death his Majestie of Sweden did much lament The twenty-seventh Observation THE fifth of March 1632. his Majestie having left sure footing in the Paltz with a bridge over the Rhine and the Mayne where it enters into the Rhine where also was begunne as the Trophee of his victorie the foundation of a Citie and strength called Gustavus-Burg Then in the beginning of the Spring we sprung forth from the Rhine towards the Danow streame being on this march royally accompanyed by his Majestie of Bohemia whom his Majestie esteemed of as of himselfe in all quartering ordaining his quarters before his owne continuing the march through Franconia in suretie having the yeere before freed that whole circle from the enemie so that the Iâ—habitants had given their Oaâ—h of fealtie unto His Majestie This March was pleasant through a plentifull Countrie at this time being a prâ—gresse befitting two Kings with a Royall Armie and forces from other partes joyning with us as we drew neere our enemies we made all sure behinde us both for our Retreates in case of neede as also for the safetie of those were to come after us and thirdly for the furnishing our Armie in Amunition and victuals to be brought unto us in case of want His Majestie here being of intention to get a passe over the Danow having before made the Towne of Vlme sure for his retreate for the more abundance his Majestie resolved to have the passe of Donavert being the right passe betwixt Nurenberg and Ausburg Before Tillyes Armie could joyne with the Duke of Baviere his Majestie resolved it was not best to give them time but with celeritie concluded to march towards them knowing it was but follie and madnesse to stay till they were joyned and the Duke of Baviere being assured of his Majesty comming to visit his Countrie he closed the passes the best â—e could both Donavert Rhine and Ratisbone And as he did beset well the frontier Garrisons before his Majesties comming he also very circumspectly betimes tooke all victuals out of his Majesties way towards Engolstat as a wise Commander ought to doe where he made his Magazin being the onely part he was assured of for his retreate and such a parte as he knew well we were not able to get without treason and then being assured he had time to provide an Armie to oppose his Majesty himselfe not being taken unawares It is the dutie of all good Commanders at their downe lying and uprising from quarters to be very carefull to prevent fire seeing thereby the whole Armie may be endangered by the losse of men Amunition Armes and Artillery and since such losse is irrecoverable our care should be the greater to avoyde the hurt And therefore Order should be given to all Guardes to make diligent roundes over the Quarters to prevent the like accidents and to give Orders to the Gavilliger and his servants to oversee all fires and to see them quencht at all upbreakings and dislodging otherwise the enemy being neere great inconvenience might happen and if any enemy at such times trusting to our disorder should offer to invade us finding the contrary it were easie to beate them backe as also it were a fit time to try their valour they being more than halfe afraid But I will advise all you that desire to gaine credit to seeke out your enemy rather than to stay his comming unto you and by this meanes haply you may set up your Trophees in his owne Country to speake to posteritie as doth Gustavus-Burg betwixt the Maine and the Rhine The twenty-eight Dutie discharged of our March to Donavert for the In-taking of it THE twenty-fourth of March his Majestie with the Armie continued the march from Schwabach towards
his Hoste the Rhinegraves folke being betimes acquainted of their coming and to their helpe having got a supply timely sent unto them by his Excellence the Rex-chancellour the enemy was so welcomed by them that he was put in confusion and then chased so hard that there were a hundred and twenty killed unto him many taken prisoners and seven Standards of theirs were taken as Trophees of the Rhine-graves victory over them In revenge whereof shortly after the Grave â—oâ— Ridbâ—rg with a strong party of horse and fooâ—e did fall upon that part of the Paltz called Hâ—ndsrucke betwixt the Mosell and the Noe and coming on Spier where the Swedens Colonell called Hornegt without any resistance gave over Spier notwithstanding of a succourse was sent unto him from Mentz that 〈◊〉 at â—ad whereupon the Colonell was afterwards brought prisoner to Mentz to be adjudged there for his evill carriage The Spaniard taking out of Spier Cannon Amunition and Armes with all that could be found together with a great deale of mony exacted from the Burgers he had also an intention on Wormes but in vaine being strongly beset with the Swedens forces so that the Spaniards at this time as many times before were forced to quit the Paltz and to draw backe againe into Holland and the States Army being come to lie before Mastricht were forced to breake up from Spier with their Army and whole baggage and Cannon The Swedens getting notice of their upbreaking desirous to convey them the Rex-chancellor and Palsgrave Christian breakes up from Mentz towards Altson and the next day they came to Belohin two miles from the part the Spaniard had broken up from and following them hard till they got fight of the Spanish Army which the Spaniard perceiving directs his baggage before and drew up in battaile on a plaine neere a wood where incontinent they were brought in disordeâ— by the Swedens that they were forced with the losse of three Cornets and some fooâ—â— to retire into the wood and finding the whole Swedens Army following up they resolved with one consent by flying to save themselves were their best and taking the night to their helpe they marched so hard as they could But yet the Swedens continued their march after them till the Spaniard coming to a passe in the hills threw off the bridges behinde them Neverthelesse the Swedens repaired the bridges and followed hard after and by Laâ—tericke came in sight of them againe that neither day nor night were they suffered to rest so that the Spaniard was forced to burne some of his baggage on his march and some he left to the Swedens that they might the lighter they were come the easter off in the end a part of them by Lanterick was attrapped by the Rhine-graves Horsmen where some were cut downe and their baggage taken The Spaniard thus in great feare and confounded by the hastinesse of his march and the Swedens wearied with long following were content at last the Spaniards should goe their way with so little reputation out of the Paltz at their last good night having lost above two thousand men and their whole Baggage By this time also the Boores in Schwaâ—laâ—d againe began to be tumultuous and unquiet so that by Kempten they drew together very strong of full intention to chase the Swedens out of their lands But this uproare continued but short for when the Swedens Forces drew out of the Garrisons they killed the most part and drove the rest unto woods to seeke their food with the Swine in burning a number of their Dorpes to give them worke to thinke on against the winter to build new houses or to dwell in woods but repenting their Rebellion they turned their Armes against their owne Masters that moved them to rise against the Swedens and cutting off a number of them they possessed their houses turning good Swedens againe being beaten with the rod of Correction in their bodies and meanes By this time Duke Barnard of Wymar with his Troopes did cut off above five hundred men of Leopoldus folke by Fussen on the Leacke where he caused to demolish sundry Skonces made up by the Country-Boores in time of their uproare and divers of their skinnes were pierced by Musket and Pistoll till they were taught to be more sober and quiet on their owne charges and after this uproare was setled the Leopoldish Boores againe out of Tyroll recollected stronger Forces and marched towards the Leacke againe on Fussen and Lansberg both strong passes and got them in yet in the end all turned to a slight conclusion for Duke Barnard of Wymar againe having come upon them with his Forces First he tooke in Lansberg and then on the sixteenth of Iuly he cut off two Companies of Leopoldish Dragoniers and a Troope of Horsemen by a Towne called Rosshaupten where few or none did escape and in the end marching on Fussen having stormed the Towne they cut off above three hundred of the Garrison and tooke prisoners eleven hundred with their Officers and a number of the Country Gentlemen that were Papists and sought to save themselves in that strength were deceived their Colours being taken from them and above a thousand of their Souldiers were forced to take service By this time also a little Flecke Freidberg in Schwabland neere to Ausburg treacherously having called some Crabbats of the enemies to their assistance they murthered all the Swedens safeguards that lay thereabout whereupon the Swedens Forces to be revenged on them did fall upon the Flecke or little Towne and killed all the male-kinde they could finde and taking their wives and children out of the Towne to the fields they set the Towne on fire so that there is no memory left of this Towne for their perfidiousnesse to those they got to save them from the injuries of others I hope the Reader will excuse this extravagancie of discourse seeing all this time we lay idle at Nurenberg being sometimes without imployment in our calling I thought better to collect at this time somewhat of the actions of others than to be altogether idle Therefore I crave pardon againe to tell as yet somewhat that happened about this time in the neather Saxon Creitzis which I set downe in paper as his Majestie was informed of it we being then at Nurenberg without hostile employment By this time the Earle of Papenhaim a worthy brave fellow though he was our enemy his valour and resolution I esteemed so much of that it doth me good to call his vertuous actions somewhat to memory and the successe he had at this time in warlike and martiall exployts in the neather Saxon Creitzis First then he had not onely offended the Hessen and Lunenburg but also by skirmish he made them feele the dint of the valour which accompanied him unto his death and as they felt his skill in the fields by fighting disbanded in skirmish so also they were made to understand his experience in beleaguering of Townes
Ramseys Musketiers fell on their Dragoniers and skirmished with them till they were forced to retire and being darke our Army having set out their horse and foote watches before them they stoode the whole night in battaile till it was day and the enemy being gone in the night the way thwart and deepe some of his Cannon being left behinde were buried burning their Carriages with their waggons as they did breake making them unprofitable for us We continued our march in the morning minding to attrap them so that by midday they having turned their Cannon on the Passe towards us they forced our Army to stand without reach of their Cannon trying on both hands of the Passe to win through but in vaine seeing there was no passage neere hand but at that one place where we did cannonade one against another for two dayes till the enemy retired their Cannon within Kempten and the rest of their Army unto Bavier having crost both the Leake and the Eler againe The enemy being gone we retired for want of victualls and forrage the country being spoyled we were forced to over-see the beleaguering of Memming for that time passing by it towards Mendelheim where we rested two dayes and then marched on Kauffbier where in two dayes we forced the Garrison to a composition being content to march away without Armes getting a Convoy to Landsberg on the Leake The weather being extremely cold under the snowy Alpes we refreshed our Army three dayes at Kauffbier and the fourth day marched towards the Eler where the water being small we made a bridge of our small Cannon with their Carrage being placed two and two alongst the River at an equall distance of eight foote asunder where we layd over Deales betwixt the Cannon passing over our whole Infantry alongst the bridge which being past and the Deales taken off the horses spanned before the Cannon led them away after the Army And quartering that night in the fields the next morning we beleaguered Kempten Having battered hard for three dayes together with Cannon at last the breach being made and the Towne almost brought to an Accord having lost divers Souldiers and Officers before it hearing the Duke of Bavier his Army was crost the Leake againe at Landsberg having gotten a strong supply and being made certaine they were to march unto the Duke of Vertenbergs Land the Felt-marshall after great paines taken was forced to quit Kempten and to march with the Army to be before them in Vertenberg The Dukes Army on their march by the way tooke in a Castle besides Koffbier where Captaine Bruntfield and Quarter-master Sandelens were taken Prisoners and were sent to be kept at Lindaw As also in their by-going they tooke in Koffbier and continued their march alongst the Eler till they crossed with their Army at Brandenburg we lying that night with our Army within a mile of them The next day we strived who might passe the Danube first for going to Vertenberg where it was our Fortune to get betwixt them and the passe having line at Monderkine while as they had crossed a mile below us on the River Which when we understood by our intelligence of their being so neere incontinent the Felt-marshall caused our Artillery and foote to march over in the night so that before day our Army advanced towards the Passe leaving Dragoniers behinde us to burne and to cast off the Bridge But the Bridge was no sooner set on fire but the enemies fore troopes did drive our Dragoniers after us they coming up full Squadrons of horse and foote driving up our Reare consisting of three Regiments of horse Colonell Daggenfield Colonell Cratzstein and Colonell Monro of Fowles being three valorous Barons who resolved amongst themselves Daggenfield should charge the enemy first which he manfully did and then retired who immediatly was rescued by Colonell Monro having charged the enemy retired being shot through the right foote with a Musket Bullet and Colonell Cratzstein rescuing him againe charged the enemy the last time keeping them up till the rest were safely retired and then retiring himselfe at the Spurres being last was pittifully cut over the head with a Poles-shable the enemy following them still till they were repulsed by our Dragoniers Neverthelesse they did get the most part of our baggage and a great number of the horsmens led horses servants and Coaches The Passe being narrow and we having the advantage of them being able to receive them with our whole army horse and foote while as they could not advance unto us but by divisions at most thirty in Front against a steepe hill where our Army was standing ready in battaile to receive them horse foote and Artillery Which they considering the great disadvantage they had to pursue us drawing their Army also in battaile they planted their ordinance against us where once begun we continued the whole day Cannonading one against another where neither foote nor horse could joyne to skirmish But the night comming on the Felt-marshall directed his great Cannon away before and leaving a strong Reare-guard of Horse and Dragoniers at the Passe getting orders to remaine there till midnight wee retired the rest of our Army unto Vertenberg land having five miles to march before day our retreate being in the night though safe was confusedly made The Enemy finding at mid-night that we were gone followed up our Rere-guard skirmishing a little in the end retired And the whole Armie crossed the Danube againe of intention to ruine all our Muster-places in Schwabland and in their way they tooke a French Marquesse prisoner on his Muster-place and Colonell Iohn Forbesse being both carelesse they were surprized in their Quarters and were kept prisoners for three yeares The Army quartered themselves in Schwabland and Tyroll alongst the Boden Sea setting Garrisons in Townes as in Costance Pybrach Vberling and divers more During this time our Armie was well entertained and refreshed in good quarters in Vertenbergland having secured them for that time from their Enemies we attended the Rhinegrave his comming with a supply from Elsas as also we did get a strong supply of Country Souldiers from the Duke of Vertenberg with a great deale of Amunition and a supply of Horse and Cannon The Rhinegrave being come finding our selves strong againe we resolved to search the Enemy for to make him retire unto Baviere againe which we effectuated within ten dayes After our up-breaking having crossed the Danube againe the Enemy being retired our Armie did settle themselves in a close Leaguer at Donavert for three moneths together attending the conclusion of the meeting at Hailbron resolving to enterprise no exployt or hostility against the Enemy till such time as they should know who should content them for their by-past service as also whom they should serve in times coming During which time I went to Hailbron to solicite my Regiments affaires with the Rex-chancellor and being there my Cosen Colonell Monro of Fowles dyed of his wounds at
Daughter to the Earle of Holland where it is said that Simoscus killed with one shot of Pistoll the Earle and his two sonnes and that afterward he would have killed Rowland Earle of Flanders but the Pistoll mis-giving Rowland did kill him with his sword and did throw the Pistoll in the Sea But we reade that Barbadigue Admirall of Venice was the first that carried them on his Gallies and Shippes wherewith he did terrifie the Genoweys being at hunting by their noise and Paul Iove in his third booke of illustrious persons writes that Barthelem Cokone Generall to the Venetians for the space of twentie yeares and more was the first that used Cannon in the Fields while as the banished people of Florence made warres against the familie De Medices being first used to make breaches in walles and to defend walles but afterward they came in use to breake the Battailes of horse and foote for if the warres of old and their inventions were compared to now adayes it were a sport to laugh at rather than warres Now of late the invention is found out of burning Bullets full of fire shot out of Cannon to fire houses within Strengths and to fire Pallesads and Gabeons set before Batteries on walles or in Fields whereof his Majestie of Polle Estien Bathon made good use in his warres of Musco within a few yeares This invention is thought to have been invented by the King of Pole himselfe in his civill warres of Hungarie finding other Cannon made greater noise than hurt The manner a piece is charged with a hot Bullet is the piece is charged with powder convenient then it is covered with sand in a little quantitie above the powder then with a little greene grasse presently pluct being a little dampish or moist then the hot Bullet being put in must be presently discharged otherwise the Invention is very dangerous for the Constables for oft-times minding to ruine others they are ruined themselves Albert Gantz writes that Christophel King of Denmarke was killed by a shot of Cannon in the yeare 1280. Also we have a deplorable storie written by Gyrrard de Rooe and Conrade Decius of the Battaile betwixt the Emperour Albert and the Poles in Bohemia Amongst their Cannons there was one Cannon greater than the rest which for her execution was most used shee killed so many of the Poles that they were so affraid that they ranne all away leaving their tents and it is reported that at one shot shee killed fourescore men the Divell as I said before was by the permission of God the inventor of such a Monster being offended with mankinde in this last old age of the world those thunder-claps putting us in minde that this whole round Globe shall be shaken and perish We reade also in the thirty-fourth booke of Paul Iove his story the answer of a Turke reprehended of his cowardize having runne away at the noise of a Cannon being besieged by the Emperour within Goullet Adrian Barbarossa reproaching Sinas for losing courage he answered so long as we have to doe to fight against Armed men you and my enemies doe know I served ever with reputation and credit but to fight against the Devill and the fury of Hell-fire having against us such terrible Monsters be not you astonished that I sought to eschew death to th' end I might remaine whole to doe you service We reade also in the bloudy battaile of Ravenne fought on Easter day 1512 betwixt the French and Dutch and the Spaniard that one shot of a double Cannon did kill as Michaell de Chochen forty Horsmen We reade also that in the Sea-fight betwixt the French and the Emperialists on the River of Melphe neere the straight of Salerne in the yeare 1628 shot out of the Gally of Captaine Philip Dore a Cannon Bullet that killed above thirty Spaniards and hurt many others as reporteth Paulus Eâ—terus in his story of the warres of Italy and Paul Iove writing of the same Battaile more largely and curiously being eye-witnesse himselfe or at least within hearing of the Cannon on the Isle of Aenary where he did see the smoke of the Cannon saith Philip Dore diligent to make good execution with Cannon and not in vaine spending pouder and shot on the Spaniard his great piece called the Basiliske the ball being monstrous great broke through the whole ship even to her keele and killing thirty wounded severall Captaines and Gentlemen that were mutilated or dismembred So that the Marquesse of Guat was all spoiled with the bloud and entralls of the dead Guicciardin roported that at the siege of Calis in the yeare 1558. by the Duke of Guise in name of the King of France on the three Kings day in the morning with thirty three double Cannon from one battery made such a noyse that the sound was heard five houres going beyond Calis being twenty English miles And lest the judicious Reader will thinke this an untruth I would warrant it from my owne deede for he that pleaseth may reade the story written by the Author Guicciardin But those peeces of Cannon that are farthest hard are called pot-peeces or Mortiers such as Mounts on the Castle of Edenburrough being so wide that it is reported that a man did get a Child within which I also warrant from my owne deede but the truth is it is a huge great peece from whence did come our old Scots Proverbe the Devill shoote Mounts in your arse Gentle Reader excuse my homelinesse since I was not the Inventer of this Proverbe These kinde of Peeces are very large and carry stones for bullets The Mortiers of Soliman at the Siege of Rhodes in the yeare 1522. their bullets wayed some of them two hundred weight the least one hundred and fifty pounds of great weight when they light on a house they goe through from top to ground and Paulus Iovius reports of a Mine made by Peter Valler which made entrance for the Spaniard within the new Castle of Naples kept by the French the French were so astonished with the surprize of the Mine that they retired unto the last and furthest Court so that the guards had not time to draw up their Draw-bridges and the French letting downe the Portcullies to hinder the Spaniards entry coming with a furious presse the French bring a peece of Cannon to terrifie the Spaniards that had entâ—ed one Gate or the first Court and shoote amongst them where by chance the Iron bullet tooke hould of the thicke of the Port where it remaines to this day showne for a Monument unto strangers that have got the credit to goe within this Castle to see it Many such Stories we could inferre but let these suffise in this place for this time THE CHRISTIAN SOVLDIER GOING ON SERVICE HIS Meditations I. WHEN thou seest thy Camerade going to Muster with a faire shew outwardly deckt with brave clothes and delighting in his Plumes thinke with thy selfe such an outward shew is nothing without the