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A41246 Cosmography or, a description of the whole world represented (by a more exact and certain discovery) in the excellencies of its scituation, commodities, inhabitants, and history: of their particular and distinct governments, religions, arms, and degrees of honour used amongst them. Enlarged with very many and rare additions. Very delightful to be read in so small a volum. By Robert Fage Esquire. Fage, Robert. 1667 (1667) Wing F82A; ESTC R222645 75,258 176

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briefly of the Globe of the whole Earth and things incident thereunto then more particularly of the several parts thereof and every remarkable Country in each part as I promised in the beginning The Globe of the earth therefore is defined to be a spherical body proportionably composed of earth and water the two parts thereof The parts of the earth are either real or imaginary The real parts are either Continents or Islands A Continent is a great quantity of Land not interlaced or separated by the Sea wherein many Kingdomes and Principalites are contained as Europe Asia Africa and America An Island called in Latin insula quasi in salo is a part of the earth environed round with water as Brittain Iava St. Laurence Isle Bermoodes Now these again are sub-divided into a Peninsula Isthmus and a Promontory A peninsula is such a tract of Land which being almost incompassed round by waters is nevertheless joyned to the firm land by some little Isthmus as Peloponesus Taurica Cymbrica and Pervana An Isthmus is a little narrow neck of land which joyneth any peninsula to the Continent as the straits of Dariene in Peru and Corinth in Greece A Promontory is some high mountain which shooteth it self into the Sea the utmost end of which is called a Cape as that great Cape of good hope and Cape Verde in Africa Cape Gomerie in Asia and that of St. Michaels mount in Cornwall the North Cape in Norway and divers others There are also other real parts of the earth as mountains valleys fields plains woods and the like The other general part of the Globe is the water divided into the Ocean Secondly the Sea Thirdly the Straights Fourthly Creeks The Ocean is the general collection of all waters which invironeth the whole world on every side The Sea is part of the Ocean to which we cannot come but through some strait as the Mediterranean Sea the Baltick Sea and the like These two take their names either from the adjacent places as the Brittish Ocean the German sea the Atlantick sea and the like Or from the first Discoverer as the Magellanick sea Forbushers Straits or from some remarkable accident as the Red-sea from the red colour of the sands and the like Thirdly a Straight is a part of the Ocean restrained within narrow bounds and opening a way to the sea as the Straits of Gibralter Hellespont Anian Fourthly a Creek is a crooked shore thrusting forth as it were two arms to embrace and affectionately to hold the Sea as the Adriatick Persian and Corinthian Creek Hitherto belong Rivers Brooks and Fountains engendred of congealed air in the earths concavities and seconded by Sea-waters creeping through hidden crannies thereof Thus much of the real parts of the Earth in general The compass of the whole earth is cast by our latest learned Geographers twenty one thousand six hundred English miles which we thus compute We see by continued experience that the Sun for every degree in the heavens gains sixty miles upon the earth towards his circuit round and after three hundred sixty degrees returneth to the same point in respect of us as before it was Add the number of sixty so oft and you will find the account the same and so by proportion of the circumference to the Diameter which is tripla sesqui septima the same which twenty two hath to seven We may count likewise the earths thickness to the center The whole Diameter by rule being less than a third part of the circuit That in the proportion to twenty one thousand six hundred will be six thousand eight hundred seventy two half the number will reach the middle of the world and that is three thousand four hundred thirty six being considered with great exactness as the measure of such a great bulk as the earth is can easily be taken and comprehended Geographers attribute unto the earth five circles The first is the Equinoctial when the Sun in his course is come thereunto about the eleventh of March and September the day and the night are of equal length through the whole earth It is also termed the Equator and by the Sea-faring men the middle Line because it divideth the earth into two equal parts of which the one lyeth towards the north the other towards the south and because it is in the middest between the two poles of the world one in the north the other in the south The second circle is called the Tropick of the Crabb because when the Sun is come thither about the tenth of Iune it returneth by little and little unto the Equator And then unto them that dwell on the north-side of the Equator is the day longest and shortest to them that dwell on the south-side thereof This circle is distinct from the Equinoctial Twenty three Degrees three Minutes and an half Northward The third is called the Tropick of Capricorn because the Sun being come thereto on the eleventh of December turneth his course backward to the Equator and then contrariwise to them who live on the north of the Equator is the day shortest and longest to them on the south thereof it is distant from the Equinoctial southward twenty three degrees thirty one minutes and an half The fourth is called the Artickcircle the fifth the Antartick of which the one is distant twenty three degrees thirty one minutes and an half from the north pole the other just so many from the south pole And are described by the revolution of heaven from the poles of the Zodiack which is the Sun Mercator the ancient Astronomer understood by the Arctick circle not onely that aforesaid but also every circle whose half Diameter answereth to the pole in any place whatsoever and containeth according to the Altitude of every Countrey certain stars which never set but alwayes are above the earth so that in all regions differing in Latitude this circle is diverse as also is the Antartick Now the four lesser circles the two Tropicks and polar circles do fitly part the earth into five Zones that is to say girdles because they compass like bands the round Globe of the earth The first of these Zones lyeth under the Artick or north circle and is called the cold north Zone the second lyeth under the Antartick or south circle and is called the cold south Zone the third is situate in the middle between the two Tropicks called the scorched Zone the fourth lyeth under that which is between the north circle and the Tropick of Cancer and is called the temperate north Zone the fifth also is under that space which is between the Tropick of Capricorn and the south circle and is called the temperate south Zone Now to understand rightly the situation of Countries their Longitude and Latitude according to the mind of Geographers is to be known The Latitude of places which with the height of the Pole is alwayes one beginning at the Equinoctial is taken two manner of wayes either towards
the south or toward the north unto the number ninety The Longitude is returned from the Meridian circle and about the west Islands called Carva and Flores beginning right at the Equator easterly and running forwards unto the number three hundred sixty As for example London lyeth from the Equinoctial northward fifty one degrees and a half which is the Latitude and the Longitude thereof is twenty degrees answering unto that degree of the Equinoctial reckoning from the Meridian And now that I have briefly touched upon the Longitude and Latitude of Countries and having often spoke of the Meridian and Horizon I shall I hope not unprofitably take time in a word or two to tell you what each of them are The Meridian is a great circle rounding the earth from pole to pole There are many Meridians according to the divers places in which a man liveth But the chief and first Meridian passeth through the Islands Saint Michael and of the Azores The Horizon is a great circle designing so great a space of the earth as a quick sight can ken in an open field the use of it is to discern the divers risings and settings of the stars I shall now speak a little of the Climates and Parallels and then I hope I have done with things generally concerning the earth A Climate is a space of the earth included within the space of two parallels The use of them is to shew the difference of length and shortnesse of dayes over all the world as you may see in the midst of every climate the number of the longest day in the year under that climate the longest day in one climate differing half an hour from the longest of another so that there are twenty four climates consisting of forty eight parallels ere the day come to be twenty four hours of length which is twelve hours longer than the Equinoctial day is Now under the Equinoctial line and thirteen degrees that is three parallels on either side thereof the dayes exceed not the length of Twelve hours but after in every clime encrease the length of half an hour and when they come to forty eight parallels and twenty four climates as I said before the dayes being then twenty four hours long their increase is then by whole weeks and months till in the twenty fourth clime about the pole the day is full half a year long and as it is thus between the Equator and the north pole so it is between the said Equator and the south pole wherefore there are two sorts of climes that is twenty four northern and as many southern touching the names of which and other circumstances I shall say nothing here but leave the readers to other more large discourses thinking this enough in a Tract of this nature to have spoken of things generally concerning the whole earth The whole Earth is now divided into four parts Europe Asia Africa America Of each part and their several Regions Empires Kingdoms Dominions Common-wealths Titles of honours and Laws as briefly as I can together also with their sundry trade and commodities Europe though the least of the three first parts of the world nevertheless excelleth all other parts in worthiness power renown multitudes of well-builded Cities and of People skilful in all kind of arts also excelling in virtue and the knowledge of God better than all the riches of the world Through the Grecian and Romane Empire in it it hath had once the Dominion over Asia and Africa Mr. Heylin mentions in it fourteen mother Tongues which I will not stand now to name It hath plenty of grain plants fruits coals rivers and fountains of admirable virtue it needs nothing but what may be well spared as hot spices not so fit for our temper precious jewels the nourishers of vain and soul-destroying pride and wild beasts which cause desarts where they breed yet of gold silver and other commodities it hath a part it is divided on the east from Asia partly by the Rivers Duina and Tunnis and partly by the lake called Meotis now termed Mare de le Zabacche pont Euxine or Mare Maggiore From Africa it is severed by the midland Sea on the west and north side it hath the great Ocean I shall follow Mr. Heylin's method in the description of the Regions and Countries thereof beginning with first Italy then going secondly to the Alps thirdly France fourthly Spain fifthly Brittain sixthly Belgia seventhly Germany eighthy Denmark ninethly Swetheland tenthly Russia eleventhly Poland twelfthly Hungary thirteenthly Solavonia fourteenthly Dacia and the fifteenth Greece speaking of the several Islands as they relate to some or other of the greater Countries Italy the Mother of all Latine Learning stretcheth out easterly on Asia between the Adriatick and Thuscan Seas and borders towards the west upon France and towards the north on Germany and is severed from those countries by the river Varus and the mountains called Alpes the rest being compassed with the Sea It hath had seven kinds of Government first Kings second Consuls third Dictators forth Decemviri fifth Tribunes sixth Emperours seventh Popes It flourished most in the time of Christ and a little afterwards by means of the great and wide dominion of the mighty city of Rome which then reigned as Queen of the world over many Lands of Europe Asia and Africa This land excelleth all the lands of Europe in fruitfulness and pleasantness the inhabitants are witty industrious and frugal yet hot and lascivious And withall the men very jealous and that taken to be not without cause The religion there now professed is the Popish religion unto which they are more straightly kept by the Inquisition The chief Wares which are carried out of Italy into other Countries are rice silks velvets sattins taffaties grogrems rashes stamels bumbasins fustians felts serving for Clokes costly arras gold and silver thred allum galls Venetian drinking and looking-glasses It containeth at this day the Kingdoms of Naples Sicily and Sardinia the lands and patrimony of the Church so called which the Pope posseth the great Dukedomes of Urbin and Tuscany the Common-wealths of Venice Genoa and Luca and the estates of Lumbardy being the Dukedomes of Millain Mantua Modena Parma Monferrat and the Principality of Piemont of all which I shall observe somewhat The Kingdome of Naples in Italy is environed on all sides with the Adriatick Ionian and Tuscan Seas excepting where it joyneth on the west to the Lands of the Church from which separated by a line drawn from the mouth of the River Tronto or Druentus falling into the Adriatick to the spring head of Axofenus it taketh up all the east of Italy one thousand four hundred sixty eight miles it hath anciently been called the Kingdome of both the Sicilies The fertilest place of all Italy abounding in all things necessary for life delight and physick Hence are also brought the Neapolitan Horses It hath had thirteen Princes twenty four Dukes twenty five Marquesses ninety
is necessary to the life of man it is the nature of this tree though never so ponderous a weight wereput upon it never to yield to the burden but still to resist the heaviness of it and to endeavour to lift and raise it self the more upwards a fit emblem of the resurrection The people are not black but tawny or olive-coloured they weep and mourn over the bodies of their dead daubed over with dung they hold it a great impiety to burn or bury them but having embalmed them they lay them in some inner room the men keep at home for the houshold business the Women follow merchandise and affairs abroad the men carry burdens upon their heads and the women upon their shoulders a witty and ingenious people the first Inventers of Geometry Arithmetick Physick Astronomy Necromancy and Sorcery yea they found out the very use of Letters The Christians among them differ from all other Christians first using circumcision with baptism Secondly conferring all orders under priesthood on infants immediately after baptism their parents till they come to sixteen years of age performing what they promised in their behalf to wit chastity fasting on Wednesday and Friday and the four Lents of the year Thirdly reputing baptism not to be of any efficacy except ministred by a Priest in the open Church in what extremity soever Fourthly and yet not baptising any children till the fortieth day though they die in the mean time Fifthly giving the Lords Supper to Infants as soon as Christned Sixthly contracting marriages in the second degree without dispensation Seventhly not observing the Lords day nor any Festivals except in cities Eighthly reading the Gospel writ by Nicodemus They differ from the Papists in these things first administring the Lords Supper in both kinds secondly with leavened bread thirdly admitting neither extreme unction nor the Lords Supper to those that are sick fourthly nor Purgatory nor prayer for the dead fifthly nor using elevation in the act of administring and sixthly accounting the Roman Church for heretical and esteeming the Latines no better then the Jews This Kingdom of Aegypt was a long while possessed by the Mamalukes a kind of Stratocracy or Army-power such as we had lately in England by Red-coats and Protector the Sultan was always elected by the souldiery who chose always one out of themselves the last of that Dignity was Tomombejus who being defeated by Sultan Selymus some 260 years ago was taken in Grand Cayro whither he fled out of the field and had made a brave defence by barricading the streets for three days He continued not long in a condition of Captivity for he was hanged at his Prison Door and exposed to the view of the Egyptians as a spectacle of the Vanity of humane greatness By this Selymus this Kingdom was reduced into a province where one of the principal Bashawes keeps Court in great state His Government being the richest in all the Turkish Dominions from whence yearly many ships lading of wealth is brought to Constantinople which is alwayes way-laid by some Gallies of Malta or Florence but of late years with little success they come so strongly guarded and if they fear any danger have all the Coast of Cyprus Rhodes and the Continent to Friend The Bashawes are sent thither as Spunges for when they have sucked an incredible treasure by pilling fraud and rapine they are sent for home and are squeezed to their skins which sometimes they are forced to part with to boot There hath been no change but of the Governours ever since the Conquest of this Kingdom which is usual with other Bashawes as namely those of Aleppo who do often rebel and threaten the Grand Seigniour so that at present the Egyptians continue in the same obedience and dumb slavery to which they have been so long accustomed changing in this Turkish Tyranny the names not the nature thereof from that they suffered under the Mamalukes Mount Atlas is a ridge of hills of exceeding height and of no small length it is above the clouds and is always covered with snow in the midst of summer full of thick woods and against Africa so fruitful that it affords excellent fruits of its natural growth not planted grafted or inoculated with the hand of man Lybia hath mount Atlas on the north by which it is parted from Barbary and Asrenaca on the east with Lybia Marmarica interposed betwixt it and Egypt and part of Ethiopia superior or the Abassine Empire on the south with Ethiopia inferior and the land of Negroes and on the west with the main Atlantick Ocean the countrey abounds with dates the chief diet of the people which commonly rotteth out their teeth their Goats they feed with the stones wherewith they grow fat and yield store of Milk the Air is so sound that it cureth the French Pox without any Physick the Inhabitants are base and vile People Thieves Murderers Treacherous and ignorant of all things feeding most on Dates Barley and Carrion counting Bread a diet for Holidayes their Garments of the coarsest Cloth so short that they cover not half the body the richer sort wear a Jacket of blew Cotton with great Sleeves they ride upon Camels without Stirrup or Saddle a Leather thrust through an hole made in the nose of the Camel serves them for a Bridle and to save Spurs they use a Goade their Religion is Mahometisme The land of Negro's is bounded on the east with Ethiopia superior on the west with the Atlantick Ocean on the north with Lybia Deserta and the south with the Ethiopick Ocean and part of Ethiopia inferior the Country very hot by reason of the situation under the Torrid Zone yet very well inhabited full of People and in some places alwayes grassy well watered specially where the River N●…ger overfloweth well stored with Corn Cattel and Garden ware well wooded having store of Beasts wilde and tame they want fruit Trees they have both Gold and Silver Mines very pure the Inhabitants are of little wit and destitute of all Arts and Sciences prone to Luxury and for the most part Mahomeans Ethiopia superior is bounded on the east with the Red Sea and the Sinus Barbaricus on the west with Lybia inferiour the Realm of Nubia in the Land of Negroes and part of the Kingdome of Congo in the other Ethiopia and on the north with Egypt and Lybia Marmarica and on the south on the Mountains of the Moon it is in length a thousand five hundred miles in breadth half as much The religion of the people is they use to circumcise their children both males and females Secondly they baptise the males at forty and the Females eighty dayes after Circumcision Thirdly after the Lords Supper they are not to spit till the Sun-set Fourthly they professe but one nature and one will in Christ. Fifthly they accept only the three first generall Councils Sixthly their Priests live by the labour of their own hands for they allow them nothing nor
their resolutions During their abode here they found in one entire Lump among the crevises of the Rocks a piece of Ambergreece the greatest yet found weighing 80 l. with other small crumbles This with much adoe was secured for the Company of these Sumer-Islands who to the number of one hundred and twenty had purchased a Patent for the said Isle whom the News of the Ambergreece much augmented The first Governour was Mr. More he departing there was a monthly succession of six till one should come from England which was Captain Daniel Tucker in the mean time the Fortifications were finished and the Isle secured from any attempt of the Spaniard in whose time happened that memorable Voyage of five Persons Viz. Richard Sanders William Godwin a Ship-Carpenter Thomas Harrison a Joyner Iames Barker a Gentleman and Henry Puet who making a Boat under pretence for Fishing being hardly used and not suffered to depart in the Ships by the assistance of a Compass unknown to any person till they were gone set to Sea having provided themselves of Victuals and by a direct Course the wind favouring them in five weeks time though a Pyrat to whom they sailed hoping to be taken in took away from them their Compass and other necessary implements arrived in Ireland where the Earl of Thomond honourably received them and hung up their Vessel for a Monument It is now divided into eight Tribes each Tribe having in it 50. Shares of which there are some for their publike charge The names of the Tribes are Sandys Southampton Warwick Paget Pembroke Cavendish Smith Hamilton formerly Bedford And thus much for Bermuda's The Swedes Plantation The Swedes are seated between the Dutch and Virginia in a Village by a Fort which lyeth eight miles within the River of Delaware in Virginia on the northside of the River they are few in number and their principle business is their Commerce with the Indians for they have little or no Cattle they furnish the Indians with Guns and weapons as the Dutch do and once in a year are supplyed by a ship or two from Swethland that fetch away their Merchandise Mary-Land This Province is divided from Virginia by the great River Patomuck it lyeth on the North side of the great River and the west side of the great Virginia Bay it is more wholesome then the parts of Virginia and seated better for the English grain It is now better peopled than formerly the Inhabitants being Papists and Protestants a like countenanced the propriety by Patent is vested in the Lord Baltimore a Catholick New-Holland To the South-west of New-England lyeth the Dutch Plantation it hath good ground and good air but few of that Nation inhabiting there which maketh that there are few Plantations in the Land they chiefly intending their East-India Trade and but one Village whose Inhatants are part English and part Dutch Here hath been no news or any matter of War or State since the first Settlement There is the Port Orange thirty miles up Hudsons River they are mischievous neighbours to the English for according to the European Mode they sell Guns and Ammunition to the Common Enemy the Indians New-England This Plantation was first undertaken in the year 1606. by Patent from King Iames to several Merchants of London and the West-Countries with a special Inhibition not to plant within 100 miles of the former Colony of Virginia but never took effect till 1622 or thereabouts after many losses and discouragements of several adventures At last Sir Francis Popham had the Happinesse and Fortune to establish it though with much hazzard and difficulty by the Treachery of the Indians and the unproportionablenesse of the after-Supplies The Plantation beginneth about 44. degrees and is indifferently peopled with English as Southwardly at 41. At this day it hath three Divisions the North the middle and the South In the middle is Boston the best Seat and best inhabited the South is the Government of New-Plimouth Boston hath a Street neer half a mile long full of Merchand●…ze Here is Resident a Council and a Governour which is yearly chosen and accommodated with a very good Port and Castle furnished with Men and Ammunition Near Boston lyeth Charles-Town and five miles into the Countrey is Cambridge an University of Nonconformists to the Church of England This Country having alwayes been the Receptacle of such religious Male-contents The Land of all this Region is generally barren and rocky the Commodities are these ensuing Pipe-staves Clabboard Fish English Grain and Fruits and Iron works with these they drive a Trade to most parts of Europe especially to Spain the Canaries and Chariby Islands They are at present very numerous and deserve their Name except their diversity in Religion which hath made them disgustful to old England Near adjoyning to this Colony the French have a Plantation called Canada or Nova Francia not worth the mentioning save for some bickerings that have lately happened betwixt us and them concerning limits wherein we have been successful driving them out of some Forts they unjustly possessed New-found-land This is the most Septentrional land of America but there is a straight of Sea not yet throughly discovered called Hudsons Straight by which the North-west passage was concluded feasible the Lands adjoyning being called Nova Brittannia or Nova Franmurcia This Island stretcheth North and South from 46. degrees and a half to 50. and a half Latitude The Natives of this place are few and Savage The Commodity thereof is Fish which is mostly Poor Iohn traded for in great quantity by French Biscayners and English chiefly of the West Country who for the profit hereof endure the Winter cold and Summer heat of the Climate amidst other very great difficulties This Island lyes at the mouth of the River Canada distant from the continent at the north end near half a League and the South-west point is about a League from Cape Britton Martins-Vineyard This is a small Island upon the Coast of New-England the Governour thereof being appointed by the Council of New-England It is 20. miles long and 10. miles broad there is great plenty of Fish in this Coast. On the Southwest of this Island lieth Long-Island in length 60. English miles and in breadth 15 inhabited by some English who for their Sectary opinions have been put from New-England They are claimed also by the Dutch but depend of nor pay duty to either As also there are divers other Islands more particularly Cape Hatrash a part of Island in 36 degrees from whence till you come to the point of St Helena which is in 32 degrees all the Coast along are broken Isles and uninhabited the best whereof is Roantke of 18 miles compasse The Islands of Lucahos or Bahama These Islands are Southwest from the Bermuda's and to the North of Portorico Hispaniola and Cuba the most emment is Lucayneque in 27 degrees There is likewise the Islands of Abacoa and Yuma of 12. and 20. Leagues in