Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
day_n	degree_n	longitude_n	minute_n	8,159	5	12.3086	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05570	Nevves of the complement of the art of nauigation And of the mightie empire of Cataia. Together with the Straits of Anian. By A.L. The principall contents whereof follow in the next page.	Linton, Anthony.	1609 (1609)	STC 15692; ESTC S109469	21,513	47

will heare deliuer some reason why I thinke so by the demonstration of this following problem Problem Of two places giuen either vnder the equinoctiall or vnder any one parallel of the world or not much different of which two places the longitude of one is knowne and the longitude of the other is not knowne by celestiall obseruation to be made in conuenient time and in that place of the twaine whose longitude is not knowne of the Moones visible accesse vnto the meridian of the same place to find out the difference of Longitude betweene the said two giuen places and also the longitude of the other place at all such times without respect of any ecclips For the finding of these premises you must consider that the Moone being caried about the earth by the force of the primum mobile from the meridian of any place passeth within the space of 24. houres and same 48. minuts of an houre little more or lesse ouer all the meridians of the world which are the whole longitude of 360. degrees before she be brought againe vnto the meridian of the same place during which time of 24. houres and 48. minuts quasi she proceedeth forwards in her owne proper motion secundÃ¹m successum signorum onely the said 48. minuts quasi otherwise she should be brought vnto the same meridian againe in the space of 24. houres as the Sun is And hereby it is manifest that the greatest difference of longitude betweene any two places is alwaies comprised within 48. minuts quasi of the Moones progresse in her proper motion the diurnall reuolation of 24. houres being alwaies wholly reiected This being so I say that only by these 48. minuts quasi and a celestiall obseruation to be made may be found both the difference of longitude betweene the two giuen places and also the longitude of that other place whose longitude is not knowne For the minutes of time which the Moone spendeth in her owne proper course during the time that she is carried by the violence of the heauens from the meridian of any one place vntill she be brought vnto the same meridian againe being giuen together with the minuts of time which the Moone in her owne proper motion lost whilest she was carried from the meridian of the one place vnto the meridian of the other place the former part of the problem viz. the difference of longitude betweene the said two places may bee found Fiat enim As the whole number of minutes wherein the Moone proceedeth in her proper motion during the time that she is caried from the meridian of that giuen place whose longitude is knowne vntil she be brought thither againe which whole number of minutes is alwaies 48. quasi is in proportion vnto the whole longitude of 360. degrees so is the number of the minutes wherein the Moone proceedeth in her proper motion whiles she is caried from the meridian of either of the giuen places rightly applied to the meridian of the other place vnto the difference of longitude betweene the said two giuen places The most conuenient time for obseruation is in a faire calme starrie night and especially when the Moone shall be in or neere either of the Tropiques The manner of proceeding in this worke is thus First in the place of obseruation find the true meridian line precisely and obserue the Moone vntill you see her centre directly in the same meridian And at that very moment of time by the height of some fixed starre taken or otherwise find out the true houre and minute of the night Secondly by most exact tables made or to bee made deliuering the true houre and minute wherein the Moone in her apparent motion commeth euery day to the meridian of that giuen place whose longitude is knowne Find out the number of minutes of time which the Moone accomplished whilest she was carried from the meridian of that giuen place vntill she come thither againe And this number is alwaies the first in the rule of proportion as the whole longitude of 360. degrees is alwaies the second Thirdly by the same tables seeke out the houre and minute of time wherein the moone was last or shall be next respecting the time of your obseruation in the meridian of that place whose longitude is knowne being also the place for which the tables are or should be composed Fourthly compare the houre and minutes of time found by obseruation and the houre and minute of time found by the tables and so shall you haue the difference of time which is alwaies the third number in the rule of proportion hauing therefore your three numbers proceed according to the nature of the worke and your quotient shall be the difference of longitude betweene the two giuen places which was the thing first to bee found The latter part of the problem may thus bee found This difference being found must either be added vnto the longitude of the place giuen or subtracted from the same or else be subtracted from the whole longitude as the worke requireth And so also shall be had the longitude of the second place where the obseruation was made which was secondlie to be found out Example 1. The difference of longitude betweene London and the grand Bay in Newfound land supposed to bee in the same latitude is thus found Vpon the 13. day of Februarie 1607. after the old stile the Moone suppose was found in her apparent motion to be in the Meridian of London at 11. of the clocke at night by the tables of her daily approch to that meridian and that shee should be there againe the next night at 11. of the clocke and 48. minuts The verie same night by obseruation made at the said grand Bay the Moone was seene in the meridian there at 10. of the clocke at night and 50. minuts so that from the time that she had been in the Meridian of London vnto the time that she came vnto the Meridian of the grand Bay she had proceeded forwards in her owne proper motion 9. minuts of time Therefore by the rule of proportion If 48. minuts of time giue 360. degrees of longitude what shall 9. minuts of time giue It is answered in the quotient gr 67. m 30. the degrees of the difference of longitude betweene the said two places which was first to be found If from this number you subtract the longitude of London gr 23. m. 30. the remainder is gr 44. m.o. subduct them from 360. the whole longitude and the remander will be 316. degrees being the longitude of the grand Bay which was secondly to be found out Example 2. Suppose that the Cities of London and Moscowe bee in the same parallel Now the difference of longitude betweene them is thus found out Vpon the 22. day of December after the old stile anno 1607. the Moone in her apparent motion was found by tables in the Meridian of London at 2. of the clocke after midnight And the minuts of her

progresse in that whole reuolution of longitudes were 48. Also at Moskowe that very same night she was seene by obseruation there at 1. of the clocke and 52. minuts after midnight so that she was yet to proceed in her owne proper motion 8. minutes of time before she should come againe to the Meridian of London Therefore if 48. minuts of time giue 360. degrees of longitude what shall 8. minutes giue It is answered 60. which is the difference of longitude betweene the said Cities the thing first to be found This done adde these 60. degrees vnto the longitude of London viz. gr 23. m. 30. the product will be gr 83. m. 30. the longitude of Moskowe which was secondlie to be found There is no doubt but the longituds may bee found this way for First the Meridian line may precisely bee had by obseruation And secondly so may the houre and minute of time the houre being 15. degrees of a great circle and the minute of an houre of 15. minutes of a degree And yet the eleuations of the pole and altitudes of the celestiall lights are found out euen vnto one of those minuts of a degree and lesse And therefore one minute of time being 15. of them may also be found For in an instrumeÌ„t the semidiameter of whose Equinoctiall circle shall be 6. foote one minute of time shall be almost one third of an inch And the semidiameter being three foote one minute of time shall be one sixth part of an inch almost Thirdly tables also may bee had deliuering exactly the houre and minute wherein the Moone in her apparent motion commeth euery day to the Meridian of that place for which the tables be or are to be made for indeede all these three things haue in former times been had otherwise there could haue been at this day no theoriques of the planets or tables of the celestiall motions amongst vs. This way also of finding the longitude is sufficient good and may come often into practise because the proportion of 48. minuts of time or thereabouts which make some 12. degrees and 30. minuts quasi of a great circle is sufficientlie great to the whole longitude of 360. degrees For if 48. minuts of time giue 360. degrees of longitude then shall 24. giue 180. degrees and 12. shall giue 90. degrees and 6. shall giue 45. degrees and 3. shall giue 21. degrees and an halfe And 1. minute shall giue 7. degrees and an halfe c. And the difference of longitude in any one parallel that shall bee lesse then 7. degrees and an halfe may otherwise bee found out these former being first had Moreouer it is certaine that in places of diuers latituds yea euen in one and the same Meridian and therefore much more in diuers the Moones parallaxes in longitude doe not happen in one and the same moment of time neither are of one and the same magnitude but in some places they happen sooner in some places later In some places they be greater and in some places they be lesser the reconciling of which differeÌ„ces especiallie in places of diuers Meridians and latitudes breedeth much combrance and difficultie euen to the skilfull Mathemat in seeking the longitudes without ecclipses But by this taking of two places vnder the Equinoctial or vnder the same parallel all sensible difference that may happen in 12. houres and an halfe either in the time or in the magnitudes of the parallaxes with all incombrances and impediments following the same are sufficiently auoided Whereby it is euident that at all times fit for obseruation whensoeuer the Moone may beseene in the meridian of the place of obseruation which doubtlesse is verie often so that a ship need not stay long in any port for the same so often the longitude of that place may be found especially if the giuen places haue great difference of longitude But in this worke great regard must be had that the instruments which are vsed for the same bee apt and large and verie good and with great diligence and exactnes managed And if the longitude of some few places were either thus or rather by Ecclipses found as of Ternate Iapon Macao Bantam or Malacca Goa Aden Mozambique Cape de bona Esperanza Cap. Verde Fernambuco the straits of Magellan Panama California Virginea Cap. Raso Tercera Bergen in Norway Colmogro Moscua Astracan and Tripoli in Syria c. which might easilie be done either by the Nauigators resorting vnto them or by other learned Christians inhabiting there I beleeue that the worlds Geographie and the Art of Nauigation would thereby be much amended There is yet another way to find sometimes the longitude of such places as are vnder either of the Tropiques or betweene them as certainly as by Ecclipses viz. In the very moment of time when the Moone shall be seene in the Zenith for then she hath in the place of obseruation no parallax of longitude or very neere vnto the Zenith and the better she being neere vnto either of the Tropiques and in the meridian find out by one obseruation the houre and minute of time and by another obseruation at the same moment find by the staffe the distance between the Centre of the Moone some notable fixed Star in or neere vnto the Eccliptique Then secondly gather by the magnitude of the Moons diurnal motion secunduÌ„ successum signorum which you may find by the Ephemerides for that day the houre and minute of time of her last or next coniunction with the same fixed Starre Thirdly by the helpe of the same time of coniunction collect also by supputation the houre and minute of time wherin the Moone shall be next or was last in the point of â˜Œ or â˜ or other aspect with the Sunne all which serue for that place of obseruation wherin the Moone was seene in the Zenith And fourthly compare this time of â˜Œ or â˜ or other aspect so found with the time of the â˜Œ or â˜ or other aspect which you shall find in the Ephemerides for that day also and belongeth vnto the Radical place of the said Ephemerides and the difference of those two times in houres and minutes will giue the difference of longitude betweene the place where the obseruation is made and the Radicall place of the Ephemerides very sufficiently Thus I hope I haue shewed sufficient reason why I thinke the longitude may bee found by celestiall obseruation without respect of any Ecclipse And therefore also haue cleered my selfe from the Gentlemans imputation in this behalfe and withall giuen you some hope of the certaintie of this my promised Complement wherein some things stand vpon the obseruations relations and credible concurring testimonies of approued Authors and generally receiued opinions and these be of sufficient warrantize vntill they be disproued And some things are from these former concluded by Mathematicall Demonstrations which seldome faile And therefore these humors of preiudication may perceiue that it is better and more commendable to

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