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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
day_n	degree_n	long_a	minute_n	12,081	5	12.6215	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51275	Geography rectified, or, A description of the world in all its kingdoms, provinces, countries, islands, cities, towns, seas, rivers, bayes, capes, ports : their ancient and present names, inhabitants, situations, histories, customs, governments, &c. : as also their commodities, coins, weights, and measures, compared with those at London : illustrated with seventy six maps : the whole work performed according to the more accurate observations and discoveries of modern authors / by Robert Morden.	Morden, Robert, d. 1703.	1688 (1688)	Wing M2620; ESTC R39765	437,692	610

integrating part of the Earth 2. Or of some one Region and so it is properly called Chorography 3. Or of some particular place in a Region or Country which is Topography According to the greater integrating parts thereof the Ancients divided the whole Earth into three great parts viz. Europe Asia and Africa to which is now added a fourth viz. America these are again divided into Provinces Countries Kingdoms c. And each of these are again subdivided into Earldoms Baronies Lordships c. These three kind or parts make up the perfect Subject of Geography Again every part and place of the Earth is considered in its self or according to its Adjuncts and so it is either Continent or Island A Continent is a great quantity of Land in which many great Kingdoms and Countries are conjoyned together and not separated one from another by any Sea as Europe Asia c. An Island is a part of the Earth compassed and environed round about with Water as Great Britain and Ireland These again are observable parts both of Continents and Islands viz. Peninsula Isthmus Promontorium Peninsula quasi pene Insula is a part of Land which being almost environed and encompassed round with Water is yet joyned to the firm Land by some little Isthmus as Africa is joyned to Asia or Morea to Greece An Isthmus is a narrow neck of Land betwixt two Seas joyning the Peninsula to the Continent as that of Darien in America or Corinth in Greece A Promontory is a high Hill or Mountain lying out as an elbow of Land into the Sea the utmost end of which is called a Cape as the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Verde The Adjuncts of a place are either such as respect the Earth it self or the Heavens Those that agree to a place in respect of the Earth are three in number viz. the Magnitude or Extent of a Country the Bounds or Limits the Quality The Magnitude comprehends the length and breadth of a place The Bounds of a Country is a Line terminating it round about distinguishing it from the bordering Lands or Waters The Quality of a place is the Natural Temper and Disposition thereof A Place in regard of the Heavens is either East West North or South Those places are properly East which lie in the Eastern Hemisphere terminated by the first Meridian or where the Sun riseth Those are West which lye Westerly of the said Meridian or towards the setting of the Sun. Those places are properly North which lie betwixt the Equator and Artick-Pole Those South which are betwixt the Equator and the Antartick Pole. The Ancients did also distinguish the Inhabitants of the Earth from the diversity of shadows of Bodies into three sorts viz. Periscii Heteroscii and Amphiscii the Inhabitants of the Frigid Zone if any such are were termed Periscii because the shadow of Bodies have there a Circular motion in 24 hours the Sun neither rising nor setting but in a greater portion of time The Inhabitants of the Temperate Zones they called Heteroscii because the Meridian shadows bend towards either Pole towards the North among those that dwell within the Tropick of Cancer and the Artick Circle towards the South amongst those that dwell within the Tropick of Capricorn and the Antartick Circle The Inhabitants of the Torrid Zone they called Amphiscii because the Noon or Mid-day shadow according to the time of Year doth sometimes fall towards the North sometimes towards the South when the Sun is in the Northern Signs it falleth towards the South and towards the North when in the Southern Signs And because of the different site of opposite Habitations the Ancients have divided the Inhabitants of the Earth into Periaeci Antaeci and Antipodes The Periaeci are such as live under the same parallel being equally distant from the Equator but in opposite points of the same parallel The Antaeci are such as have the same Meridian and parallel equally distant from the Equator but the one North and the other South The Antipodes are such as Inhabit two places of the Earth which are Diametrically opposite one to the other The Ancients did also divide the Earth into Climates and Parallels A Climate is a space of Earth comprehended betwixt any two places whose longest day differ in quantity half an hour A Parallel is a space of Earth wherein the days increase in length a quarter of an hour so that every Climate contains two Parallels These Climates and Parallels are not of equal quantity for the first is longer than the second and the second likewise greater than the third c. At the Latitude where the longest days are increased half an hour longer than at the Equator viz. longer than 12 hours The first Climate begins which is at the Latitude of 8 degrees 34 minutes and in the Latitude of 16 degrees 43 minutes where the days are increased an hour longer than at the Equator The second Climate begins and so onwards But because the Ancients and also Ptolomy supposed that part of the Earth which lies under the Equator to be inhabitable therefore they placed the first Climate at the Latitude of 12 degrees 43 minutes where the longest day is 12 hours ¾ long and the second Climate to begin at the Latitude of 20 degrees 34 minutes where the longest day is 13 hours and ¼ long c. 'T is needless indeed to take any more notice of them than thus much only that they that describe the Situation of places by Climes and Parallels had as good say nothing The Terraqueous Globe is but an Imaginary point compared to the vast expansion of the Universe though of it self of great Magnitude for Geographers divide it into 360 parts or degrees and each degree into 60 minutes which are so many Italian Miles so that the Circumference thereof is 21600 miles and the Diameter or Axis is 6875 miles and its Superficies in square miles is Reckoned to amount to 148510584 of the same measure 'T is a common Opinion that 5 of our English feet make a Geometrical pace 1000 of these paces make an Italian mile and 60 of these miles in any great Circle upon the Spherical surface of the Earth or Sea make a degree so that a degree of the Heavens contains upon the surface of the Earth according to this account 60 Italian miles 20 French or Dutch Leagues 15 German miles 17 ½ Spanish Leagues But according to several Experiments made the quantity of a degree is thus variously found to be By Albazard the Arabian 73 by Fernilius 68 by Withrordus 70 by Gassendus 73 by Picard 73 Italian miles and by Norwood 69 ½ English miles which is much as the same of 73 Italian miles and is the nearest measure yet found by these Experiments to answer to a degree of the Heavens so that the circumference of the Earth then is 26280 miles the Diameter 8365 and 184 parts Or supposing 1000 paces or 5000 English Feet to a mile then 73

particular Maps it dependeth upon the Degrees of a great Circle and the proportion of Miles in each Country to such a Degree which I have discoursed of in the Introduction Page 5. to which I refer you only take Notice That therefore I have made no Scales to the Maps for the Distance of any two places taken with your Compasses and applied either to the East or West-side of your Map which is the Scale of Latitude gives you the Number of Degrees that those two places are distant one from the other which multiplied by 73 gives you the Number of Geometrical or Italian Miles by 69 for English Statute Miles by 25 for French common Leives by 17½ for the Spanish Miles by 15 for the common German Dutch Denmark and Great Poland Miles by 10 for Hungarian Miles by 12 for Suedish Miles by 80 for the Muscovian Verstes or Vorest by 480 for the Grecian Stadia or 450 according to Mr. Greaves by 20 for the Persian Arabian and Egyptian Parasanga now called Farsach by 24 for the Mogul or Indian Cos according to Sanson by 250 for the Chinian Stades by 400 for the Ikins of Japan as for the Turks they have no distinction of their Ways by Miles nor Days by Hours Robert Morden AN Introduction TO GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY is a Science which Teacheth the Description and Dimension of all the Earth as it doth together with the Water compose that round Body which from its form is called the Orb or Globe of the Earth Describing the Scituations and Measuring the Distances of all its parts The Earth is placed in respect of the other Orbs or Stars of the Universe according to Ptolomy and Tycho in the Centre but according to Copernicus between the Orbs of Mars and Venus The Globe of the Earth is variously Described by Geographers into Lines and Parts which are either Real or Imaginary Real are such as agree to the Terrestrial Globe by Nature Imaginary are such as agree to it by vertue of our understanding The Real parts of the Terrestrial Globe are Earth and Water The Imaginary parts are certain Lines which are not materially but for the better understanding of this Science are supposed to be on the Earth These Lines are either Strait or Circular The Axis is a strait line passing through the midst or Center of the Earth which is the Diameter of the whole World the extream points or ends whereof are called the Poles upon which the Universe is supposed to move the one Point is called the Artick or North-Pole the other the Antartick or South-Pole The Circular Lines are divided into the greater and the lesser The greater Circles are such as divide the Globe into two equal parts and are three in Number Meridian Horizon Equator And these are either fixed as the Equator or movable with the mutation of places as the Meridian and Horizon The Meridian is a Circle drawn through the Poles of the Earth and the Vertical or Zenith point of our place crossing the Equator at right Angles cutting the Earth into two equal parts the one East the other West And is so called because when the Sun cometh to the Meridian of any place it is Noon or Mid-day infinite in Number because all places from East to West have several Meridians Among these one is of special Note and Use which Geographers call the first or Chief Meridian This first Meridian is that from which the Longitudes of places are reckoned and is variously placed by Geographers The Horizon is a Circle comprehending all that space of the Earth which is visible and distinguishing it from the rest which lyeth under and is invisible This Horizon is either Sensible or Rational The Sensible Horizon is that apparent Circle which divides the visible part of Heaven from the invisible extending it self into a strait line from the Superficies of the Earth every way round about that place you stand upon dividing the Heavens into two unequal parts which is designed out by the sight and is sometimes greater or lesser according to the condition of the place The Rational Horizon is a great Circle dividing that part of the Heavens which is above us from that part which is under us exactly into two equal parts passing through the Center of the Earth whose Poles are the Zenith and Nadir By this Circle our Days and Nights are Measured and the divers Risings and Settings of the Sun Moon and Stars appear The Equator or Line under the Equinoctial is a great Circle encompassing the very middle of the Earth between the two Poles dividing it into two equal parts from North to South and it is divided as all great Circles are into 360 equal parts or degrees It is called Equator either because it is equally distant from the Poles of the World or rather because when the Sun comes to this Line which is twice in the Year viz. in its entrance into Aries which is about the 10th or 11th of March and again in Libra about the 12th or 13th of September he makes equality of Days and Nights throughout the World and from it are the Latitudes of places numbred either North or South The Lesser Circles or Lines are Named with particular Names as Tropicks and Polar Circles The Tropicks are parallel Circles to the Equator distant from it 23 Degrees and a half That on the North-side of the Equator is called the Tropick of Cancer where the Sun hath the greatest North declination and maketh our longest Day and shortest Night which is about the 11th or 12th of June The other on the South-side is called the Tropick of Capricorn in which point the Sun hath its greatest South declination making our shortest Day and longest Night which is about the 11th or 12th of December The Polar Circles are parallels compassing the Poles of the World at 23 Degrees and an half distance that about the North-pole is called the Artick Circle the other the Antartick Circle because opposite to it These Tropick and Polar Circles divide the Earth into five parts called by the Greeks Zones of these five Zones three were accounted by the Ancients to be so intemperate as to be uninhabitable one of them by reason of the Suns beams continually darting upon the same and this they called the Torrid Zone terminated by the Tropicks on each side The other two the one comprehended within the Artick Circle and the other compassed by the Antartick by reason of the extream Cold they thought uninhabitable as being so remote from the Suns Beams But only the remaining two were accounted Temperate and therefore Habitable the one lying between the Artick Circle and the Tropick of Cancer and the other between the Antartick and the Tropick of Capricorn Thus much of the General Geography The Special is that which setteth forth the Description of the Terrestrial Globe so far forth as 't is divided into distinct parts or places and is either 1. The Description of some great

situate on the Mouth of the River Don and dignified with an Episcopal See and a University Aberdonia olim Devana 9. Coldingham Coldana Beda Colania Ptol. famous for its choice Nuns Peblis and Selkirk are Sherifdoms for the Vallies Jedburg and Roxburg are Sherifdoms the last fatal to the Scots by the death of King James the second slain in that siege by the English Annan and Castle-Maban are the two chief Towns near Solway Frith the Ituna Aestivariam of the Ancients Abercon gives title of Earldom to the Duke Hamilton Dunbar Bara Ptol. or Vara. Dumbarum is memorable for the Battel of 1650 Sept. 23. Dunfreis is a rich and well traded Emporie upon the River Nith Nobius of Ptol. and at the mouth is Caerlaver●ck Castle Cor●antorigum of old was the House of the Lord Maxwels Higher up the River is Morton naming the Earls Morton of the Name of Douglas Higher is Sanghuar-Castle whereof are intitled the Lord Sanghuer of the House or Name of the Creichtons A little remote from the River is seated Glencarne the Earls whereof are of the House of the Cuninghams Kircoubright is a commodious Haven Wighton a Sherifdom Whithern is the Leucopibia of Ptol. and Candida Casa of Beda Bargeny is the Berigonium of Ant. Cassil Cast the Seat of the Earls of the House of the Kennedyes Air is a Sherifdom and a noted Port and Empory Ji●win a small Port. Eglington-Castle gives the Title to the Montgomeries Douglas upon the River Douglas in Douglas-Dale names the ancient and Noble Families of the Douglasses Lanric Lanarcum a Sherifdom at the Confluence of the Douglas and Cluyd Hamilton Castle upon the Cluyd the Clata or Glota of Ptol. naming the House and Marquesses of Hamilton Bothwel an Earldom upon the Cluyd as is also Crawford of the Clune of Lindley Renfrew Vanduara is a Sherifdom and Barony Hereditary to the Lord Sempits Dunblane a Bishops See upon the Taich Lower down at the mouth of the F●ith of Ferth lie the Sherifdoms of Clackmannan and Kinros Aberneth Victaria at the fall of the River Ern into the Tay was the chief Seat of the Kings of Picts Arrol upon the Tay the Seat of the Earls of Arrol Athol was sometimes part of the Calidonian Wood strong Fastnesses of Picts and Northern Britons Forfar Orrhea of old is the Seat of the Sherifs Dundee Alectum Dei Donum a rich and noted Port at the mouth of the Tay. Brechin upon the Eske is a Bishops See. Montross gives name to the Earls of Montross Dunnotyr-Castle in Mern seated upon a steep and inaccessible Rock is the Seat of the Sherif Between Loquabuir and Marr riseth the high Country of Badgenoth In Buquhan lie the small Countries and Prefect●res of Bamfsraith●ogye and Boyn places of Note in Murray are Rothes Castle giving Names to the Earls of Rothes Elgin Forres Nirn are Sherifdoms about the Lake Ness and part of the M. Grampius of Tac. extending to the Lake Lomond In Rosse is the Country of Ardmeanuch which giveth Title to the second Sons of the Kings of Scotland Ch●n●ury is the seat of the Bishop Cromerty is a Sherifd m. Dun Robin Castle the seat sometimes of the Earls of Sunderland Rosmarcheum of old Girnego Castle the seat of the Earls of Cathenes Dur● ck and Wick the seats of the Bishops Vara or Varar Aestuarium is Murry-●rth In this Realm of Scotland there are two Famous and Wonderful Loughs Nessa and Lomond the first never freezeth in the extreamest Cold and the Waters of the second rage in the calmest Weather The Islands adjacent and belonging to Scotland are 1. The H●brides lying on the West-side thereof and are 44 in Number the chief whereof are Illa Jona Mula Lewis c. Plentiful of Wood Corn Salmons Herrings Conies Deer Sheep in some with in others without Owners 2. The Orcades of Tac. or the Islands of Orkney in Number 31 lying from the North and North-East point of Scotland The greatest and chiefest Island is now called Mainland formerly Pom●nia well stored with Lead and Tin whose Chief Town is Kirkwall fortified with two Castles and dignified with the See of a Bishop the Inhabitants commonly called Red-shanks 3. Shotland Islands or Schetland the Thule or Thyle of the Ancients lying about 20 Leagues Northwards from the Orkney being many in Number the chief of which is called Shotland being about 60 miles in length The Inhabitants are partly Scots and partly a mixt People of Danes and Scots Their Commodities are Ling and Cod. Towards North Barwick near the shore lyeth Bas Island which appears to be a High craggy Rock and is Remarkable for the great number of Soland-Geese by some called Barnacles and vulgarly thought to be ingendred by the Fruit of certain Trees dropt into the Water But the Hollanders report that the Barnacles which they call Rot-Gausen are bred in the Northern parts and that they couple together lay and hatch their Eggs. And Gerard de Veeo in his third Navigation to Greenland affirms that with his Companions they have driven them from their Nests and taken and eaten of their Eggs. Besides Anatomy discovers in their bodies where the differences of Sexes do visibly appear the Males having all the same parts as the common Drakes and the Females having their Ovaria as other Birds Between the Islands of Orkney and Shotland lye two Islands one called Fair-Hill the other Fulo about ten Leagues one from the other Thus much in brief as to the Situation Length Breadth Division Fertility People Government Chief Towns and Islands of Scotland Of Ireland IRELAND By Rob. Morden THE first Inhabitants to omit the Fables of the Irish Chronicles upon probable Circumstances were the Britans together with the mixt Nations of the Goths Gauls Africans c. though most Geographers are of Opinion that its first People came wholly out of Britain being the nighest to it Ireland lyeth betwixt the 51 and 56 degrees of Northern Latitude or betwixt the middle parallel of the eighth Clime where the longest day hath 16 hours and a half and the 24th parallel or end of the 10th Clime where the same hath 17 hours and an half The first Inhabitants the Irish for more ancient we find not were by Ptolomy distinguished into sundry lesser People and Names The Rhobognii Darnii Voluntii Vennienii and Erdinii now containing Vlster The Auteri Gangani and Nagnatae inhabiting C●naught The Veli●ori Vterni Vodiae and Coriondi now Munster The Menapii C●uei B●ii and Brigantes now Leinster whose Cities were Rhigia Rheba Macolicum Dunum Laberus Juernis Nagnata Regia altera Manapia Wexford and Eblana Dublin whose Interpretations unless the two last we let pass as very uncertain Towards the wain of the Roman Empire they are named Scots the occasion or reason hereof we find not subduing the neighbouring Picts and Caledonians and giving the Name of Scotland to the Northern part of the British Continent Leaving there this new affected name they lastly resume and return here unto

and Tartars and assaulted Barchan a Palanka opposite to Gran. Since the Battel between Syclos and Mohatz 1687 the chief Places belonging to the Turks in Hungary are Agria Hatwan Gyulla Great VVaradin and Temeswar in the Vpper Hungary Canissa and Alb● Regalis in the Lower Hungary Of Germany A New Map of GERMANY By Robt. Morden THE Name of Germans is much controverted amongst Authors some think them so called by the Romans who seeing the people so like unto the Gauls called them Germans to the Gauls Others derive it from Ger signifying all and man whence also came the Name of Almaine which some fabulously derive from Alman whom they would have to be the 11th King of the Dutch or Germans Others from the River Atmul by later Writers called Almannus whereunto they should border Others more probably from the Dutch Allensen Mann Signifying all sorts of men or all hardy and valiant The many opinions also and great differences we have found amongst Authors in the Interpretations of the many ancient German Nations makes me at present not to mention them 'T is generally agreed that the Gomerians or Cimbri were the first Inhabitants of Gaul Germany and all the Nations of the North and West of Europe and that the Gauls their Off-spring under their Captain Segovesus victoriously ranged over all Germany from whom have sprung the ancient Inhabitants of this Country Divided they were into several Nations and these also subdivided into lesser Tribes The first Nation of the Germans who made the Romans as well feel their Swords as know their Names were the Cimbri Tentones and Ambrones upon their Invasion of Gaul and Italy who were overcome and Destroyed by Marius After this Caesar upon his Conquest of France having passed the Rhine and provoked the Germans stirred up a tedious War all other Adventures were easie to the daring Romans Nothing could give Check to Caesars Fortune only the Germans who at last were rather Triumphed over than Subdued by their greatest Armies How little was their Progress How inconsiderable were their Acquests after so long a War which continued for more Generations than others lasted Years And indeed some part of Germany viz. that beyond the Elbe and Danube was never so much as Attacqued Endangered once by Drusius in the Reign of Caesar Augustus but freed by the Victory of Arminius and the death of Varus and his Legions neglected afterwards as a people unconquerable or not worth the conquering Towards the wain of the Roman Empire the Names of the ancient Inhabitants by little and little worn out and quite extinguished through their Fights and Butcheries amongst themselves their Transmigrations into foreign Countries their affection and union into new Names and the Fleetings and Invasions of the Sarmatians and more Eastern people Germany became confounded and peopled with thirteen for the most part differing Names of the Saxons Almans French Thuringiens Boioarians Huns Lombards Avares Hungarians Danes Norwegians Suethide or Sclaves whose Original fortunes Kingdoms and States issuing from them I must refer for a larger Treatise of Geography if God permit But the fatal period of the Roman Empire drawing on apace the Franks Burgundians Almains and other German Nations break through their Guards dispossess the Romans of all Gaul Rhetia and Noricum till in the end the French prevailing over the rest extend their Empire over all the Modern Germany chiefly by the Valour of Charles the Great created Emperor of the West part of France and Germany Afterwards in the time of Lodovicus Pius the Son of Charles the Great Empire of his Father was parcelled out into many parts viz. Italy France Burgundy Lorrain and Germany amongst his Sons and Nephews with the Title of Kings by which means the Kingdoms of Lorrain and Germany United in the Person of Lewis the Ancient were aliened from the French and possessed by the great Princes of Lorrain Saxony Suabia and Bavaria As also by them dismembred into many Principalities and Inferior States all passing under the Name of Alman or Germans Germany is now bounded on the East with Poland and Hungary on the West with France Switzerland and the Seventeen Provinces on the North with the Baltick Sea and Denmark and on the South with the Alps which part it from Italy The length whereof from East to West viz. from the Borders of Lorrain to Poland is 766 miles the breadth from North to South viz. from the Baltick Sea to the Southermost part of Tyrol is 657 miles of the same Measure viz. 73 to a degree 'T is situate in the Northern Temperate Zone the longest day in the Southern parts being 15 hours and an half in the most Northern 17 hours and a Quarter 'T is a spacious Country and very Populous the People of strong Constitution of a good Proportion and Complexion very ingenious and stout much given to Drink but of an Honest Noble Nature The poorer sort great pains-takers and the Nobles either stout Souldiers or good Scholars The Women are of good Complexion but corpulent good Bearers and fruitful Breeders The Title of the Father descends to their Children so that every Son of a Duke is a Duke and every Daughter of a Dutchess is a Dutchess whence it follows that the Nobility being too much multiplied is no less impoverished The Language here generally spoken is the High-Dutch a Language very Ancient and hath less commixture with the Latin than any which is used in these Western parts No Country in the World is either better Planted with goodly Cities or more Pleasant and Healthful A Country abounding with Mines of Silver and other Metals plentiful in Corn Wines Salt Flesh Linnen Quick-silver Allom Saffron Armour and Iron-works The Germans are excellent Mechanicks eminent for Water-works Chymistry and Printing Memorable is the story of Regiomontanus's Wooden Eagle that flew a quarter of a mile to meet the Emperor Maximilian but especially famous is this Region for the two Grand Inventions of the latter Ages viz. That fatal Instrument the Gun first found out by Bertholdus Swart a Frier The Mystery of Printing first discovered by a Soldier The Religion of this Country is divided into Papists and Protestants the latter again divided into Lutherans and Calvinists About the year 1250 the Empire being greatly distracted into many Factions each Faction chose a King of the Romans or Emperor The Empire thus fluctuating for about twenty years The Princes met at Quidlinburg and made a League of Defence together and meeting at Francfort they chose Radolphus Earl of Hapsburg in the year 1270 who gaining Austria and other Territories adjacent was the first Arch-Duke of Austria about 1280. About the year 1500 the State of Burgundy which comprehended also the Low-Countries was by Marriage with the Heiress thereof added to the House of Austria About the same time under Maximilian the First the publick Courts of Judicature called the Imperial Chamber the Supream Tribunal and Appeal of Justice was fixed at Spire and

Barbarians others are free people Of the Jews some are Natives others are Strangers divided they are into several Tribes Wealthy and Numerous but despised and abominated by the Turks and Moors The Caffers or Libertines hold many Athiestical Tenents live together without Ceremonies like our Familists or Adamites inhabiting from Mosambique all along the Coast beyond the Cape of Good Hope The Idolaters are numerous in Negroland in both the Aethiopia's and towards the Great Ocean The Mahumetans possess the greatest part of Africa Aegypt and most of the Coast or the Red Sea and almost all Barbary belongs to the Turk excepting the Kingdoms of Morocco and Fez which are govern'd by Kings of their own the Cities of the Pirates and some others upon the Coasts that belong to the Christians Aethiopia Nubia Congo and Monomotopa have their particular Kings There are also Arabian Cheiques in Belledulgerid and Sarra The Country of the Blacks is under several Petty Sovereigns whose Jurisdiction is bounded somtimes within the limits of a Town The Kings of England and Portugal and the Hollanders have several Ports upon the Sea-coast for the better accommodation of their Trade into the Inland Country The French also possess some places of Trade in Barbary Guiney and in the Island of Madagascar which they call the Dolphins Island The grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem is Lord of the Island of Maltha Of BARBARY West BARBARJE by Rob t Mordon East BARBARJE by Robt. Morden BY the Name of Barbary was that part of Africa known to the Ancients which we call Zanguebar whereas the modern Barbary lies all along upon the Mediterranean Sea being the best and best peopled Country of all Africa by reason of the convenience of Trade The Romans the Sarazens the Vandals the Arabians the Moors the Turks have been successively Lords thereof and have called the Cities by different Names But at this day a great part of it is under the Turk The Emperor of Fez and Morocco Rules the North-west part The Spaniards Portugals English and Dutch possess several places upon the Coast Susaon Constantine Couco Labes are little Kingdoms that lie in the Mountains Saly Tituan Algier Tunis and Tripoly belong to the Pirats the three last under the Protection of the Grand Signior who sends a Basha to each though they have but very little Authority The French hold the place called the Bastion of France and the Genoeses the Island Tabarque Barbary is inhabited by the Africans or Bereberes oftner called Moors There are also some Arabians who setled themselves there in the Year 999. They live in the open Field in Adouares or Commonalties compos'd of several Families which they call Baraques where they have an 100 or 200 Tents set up in a Round The Inhabitants are generally of a duskish or rather blackish Complexion naturally Ingenious and given to Arts and Literature studious in their Law very distrustful inconstant crafty malicious when angred very active good Horsemen of a stately gate costly in their Apparel and jealous of their Wives who are of a comely Body well featured of delicate soft Skins and in their Dress exceeding sumptuous The Language spoken at present in most of the Maritime Towns is the Arabick but in Fesse and Morocco the Punick or old African the ancient Language of the Country 'T is situate between 30 and 35 degrees of Northern Latitude the longest Summers day about 13 hours one quarter increased to 14 and one quarter in the most Northern parts it is extended in length from the Atlantick Ocean to Egypt in breadth from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlas Mountains Barbary comprehends several Kingdoms that contain Cities of the same Name Morocco Fez Telensen or Tremisen Algier Tunis Tripoly and Barca Of the Kingdom of Fez. A New Map of the Kingdoms of FEZ MAROCCO by R. Morden THis Country lies between the Mediterranean Sea and Morocco on the North and South and between the Ocean Atlantick and the Argierine Territories on the West and East and contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is now divided into seven Parts or Provinces viz. Temesne Fez Azgar Habat Errife Garret and Chaus The chief places of the Province of Temesne are 1. Rabat Opinum olim Episcopalis Tingitanae built after the Model of Morocco with its Aqueduct 12 Miles long by King Mansor Anfa and Anafe on the Coast seated in a delightful Plain was once one of the most famous Cities of Africa for its Trade with the English and Portugals and for its Riches but being addicted to Piracy was the cause of its Ruine and of that of Almansor Muchatia on the Guer is now famous only for the Tomb of one of their Morabuts or Saints Adendum is noted for its many Iron Mines about it Tegaget for its store of Grains The Province of Fez lies between the Rivers of Suba Sabur teste Marm. Cast and Baragrag the Salu of Plin. Ptol. c. the Ornament of this Province nay of all Barbary is Fez which the Mahometans call The Court of the West about a degree from the Ocean and as much from the Mediterranean Sea Volubilis Tingitanae Ptol. Volubile Plin. teste Marmol 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Seldeni the fairest and best City of all Barbary but the Romantick Description by Heylin Blome c. is very different from our later Relations so that I can write nothing of it with certainty The City of Mahmora fell into the hands of the Portugals in 1515 but retaken by the King of Fez who there defeated 10000 Christians and got 60 pieces of Artillery taken again by the Spaniards 1614. and fortified having a good Port. Sally or Sale is the Salu Plin. Ptol. Sol. Sella Jo. Leoni Cela Marm. is composed of two Cities the Old and New its Fortress is on a rising Ground with an high Tower in its Castle is the magnificent Tomb of King Manson and others it hath a Trade with the English French Dutch and Genouese but 't is most enriched by its Piracies Michness between Sally and Fez is encompassed with Gardens of excellent Fruits as Pomegranates Citrons Oranges Lemmons Figs Olives Grapes c. Asgar or Azgar towards the Sea affords Fens and Marshes where they catch store of Eels And store of Forests whence they have Charcoal and Wood whose chief places were Elgiumha or Elgiuhma now only a Granary where the Arabs store up their Corn. Casar-Elcaber or Alcazar is a place of pleasure built by King Mansor famous for the Battel which Don Sebastian King of Portugal lost in 1578. fought near this place in which all three of the Competitors lost their Lives Don Sebastian was slain in the Field Muly Mahomet of Fez was drowned and Abdelmelech of Morocco the Conqueror died either with the labour and pains or with the sickness with which he was seized before the Battel and amongst several others of eminent Quality was that famous infamous English Rebel Stuckley slain Lharais or Larrach

Spanish Fleet and carried it into Holland A Prize esteemed worth more than seven Millions of Crowns yet very ill recompensed for his service and pains Nor can I forget the memorable Story of one of the Caciques of the Island who addressing himself unto Columbus advised him to use his fortune with moderation and to remember that the Souls of Men had two journies when they leave this World The one soul and dark for the injurious and cruel the other delightful and pleasant for the peaceable and just INSULA IAMAICAE By Robt. Morden IT is situated South of Cuba and West of Hispaniola in the Torrid Zone in eighteen Degrees of Northern Latitude yet the heat is so qualified with the fresh Easterly breezes that constantly blow all day refreshed with frequent Showers and such Dews which fall in the Night that it may be truly called temperate its Air healthful its Soil rich and fertile plentiful of all things necessary The Land well stocked with Cattle the Woods well stored with Fowl and its Rivers with Fish From East to West along the midst of the Island runs a continual ridge of lofty Mountains which are full of fresh Springs whence flow the many Rivers that so plentifully water the Island There is scarce any sensible increase or decrease of the Days or Nights throughout the year and the Winter Months are only known by a little more Rain and Thunder This Island produces many excellent Commodities viz. Sugars so good that they out-sells those of Barbadoes Indice Cotton which is excellent fine Tobacco Hides Copper Tortoises in great abundance whose Meat is excellent to eat and their Shells much esteemed for several curious Works Several sorts of Woods for Dyers as Fustick Redwood a kind of Logwood also Cedar Molthogency Brassiletto Lignum Vitae Ebony Granadilla with many other sweet smelling and curious Woods There is also Ginger Salt in great abundance Salt-Peter Jamaica Pepper very Aromatical and of so curious a Gust that it hath the mixt taste of divers Spices Drugs in great abundance Guiacum China Roots Sasaparilla Vinills Cassia-Fistula Tamarindes Achiots or Anetto with many other Drugs Balsoms and Gums as also Co●haneil especially Cocao of which Chocalate is made In this Island is great abundance of Cattle viz. Cows Sheep Goats and Hogs it having good Pastures and Grass always green and springing the Trees and Plants never dis-robed of their Summer Liveries In their Rivers are very excellent Fish viz. Tortoise Snappers Crabs Lobsters Tarbums Macquerels Mullets Cavallo's Parrat Fish Cony Fish Green Turtles Excellent Fruits all the year long Oranges Pomegranates Citrons Lemmons Cocar Nuts Limes Guauars Mammes Alumee-Supotas Cashues prickle-Apples prickle-Pears Grapes Sower-Sops Custard-Apples Dildows Plantines Pines Macows Indian-Figs Bonames M●lons c. There is great plenty of Hens Turkies Ducks Teal Wigeon Geese Pigeons Turtle Doves Guiny Hens Plovers Flemmings Snipes Parrats with great variety of small Birds There likewise grow very well all manner of Summer Garden Herbs and Roots common to us in England viz. Letuce Parsley Rosemary Lavender Marjoram Savory Time Sage Purslane c. For Roots Pease Beans Cabbages Colly Flowers Turnips Potatoes Onions and Radishes Upon the Island are few hurtful Beasts or Insects only the Muskettoes and Merrywings a sort of stinging Flies which are troublesome in some part of the Isle And the Aligator which is a very vexatious Creature but its fat is a Sovereign Ointment for any internal Ach or Pain in the Joynts or Bones Its Diseases are Dropsies occasioned often by ill Diet Drunkenness and Sloth Calentures too frequently the product of Surfeits Fevers and Agues but with good Diet and moderate Exercise without excess of drinking the English enjoy a competent measure of health The Island abounds in good Bays Ports and Harbors viz. 1. Port Royal formerly called Cagway situate on the extream end of that long point of Land which makes the Harbor exceeding commodious for Shipping and is secured by a strong Castle the Harbor is two or three Leagues cross in most places and hath every where good Anchorage and is so deep that a Ship of a thousand Tun may lay her sides to the Shore to unload and is the only place of Trade in the Isle being populous and much frequented 2. Port Morant seated on the Eastern Point a very capacious and secure Harbor where Ships do conveniently hold Water and ride safe from the Winds where is also a potent Colony setled 3. Point Negrel in the West very good and secure to windward 4. Port Antonio in the North a very safe and Land-locked Harbor being wholly taken up by the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Carslile once Governor of the Island and now called Port St. George About twelve Miles from Port Royal within the Land in a Plain by a River is seated St. Jago once a place of great account when the Spaniards were Masters of the Isle now the Residence of the Governor and the chief Courts of Judicature are held there and therefore likely to arrive to a greater spendor than before Its Inhabitants live in great pleasure where they have their Havana in which the richer sort recreate themselves every Evening in their Coaches or on Horseback as the Gentry do here in Hide-Park About the middle way between St. Jago and Port Royal and on the Mouth of the River is seated Passage a small Town built for the conveniency of passage to Port Royal from St. Jago where is also a Fort raised to secure the same In a word the great encouragement of gaining riches with a pleasant life doth invite every year abundance of people to inhabit there so that in a short time it is likely to become the most potent and richest Colony in the West Indies Besides the number of Inhabitants which are reckoned to be about forty or fifty thousand there belong to the Island about three thousand lusty stout fighting Men called Privatiers or Bucca●iers whose Courage hath been sufficiently evidenced in their late exploit and attempt against the Spaniards at Panama As concerning the Laws by which they are governed they are assimilated as near as can be to those of England having their several Courts Magistrates and Officers for the executing of Justice on criminal Offenders and the hearing and determining of Causes betwixt Party and Party and for the better assistance of the Governor he hath his Council to consult with Borequen is little less either in Circuit or Fruitfulness than Jamaica It s chief Place is St. Jaan del Puerto Rico which communicates its name to the whole Island the Residence of a Bishop and Governour The Island is traversed by a Chain of Mountains which cuts it from West to East Here is found a white Scum which they use instead of Pitch to chalk their Ships and instead of Tallow to make Candles and for want of other Medicaments for Wounds and Sores These four Islands are the greatest and chiefest of the Antilles Of the CARIBBE Islands THE

the Winter January the fifteenth they perceived so much Light as to read by it February the twelfth they saw the light of the Sun on the tops of the Mountains Those that wintered in Nova Zembla 1●9 in the seventy six Degree on October the twenty third saw the Sun not fully above the Earth After October the twenty fifth they saw the Sun no more till January the twenty fourth they saw the edge of the Sun above the Horizon These also tells us That in seventy four Degrees the Water was as green as Grass And that at Cherry or Bear Island in the seventy fourth Degree and thirteen Minutes the variation was thirteen Degrees The first we read of that searched for the North-West passage was Martin Frobisher in Anno 1576 with two Barks coming to the Latitude of sixty two De●rees sound a great Inlet of sixty Leagues in length and Main Land on both sides called by him Frobishers Strait He found there a certain Oar which he thought to be Gold and the next year made a Voyage to fetch a quantity of it but it prov'd but black Lead And upon Smiths Isle they found several Stones out of which they melted Gold but in very small quantities They found also a dead Fish of about twelve foot long in shape like a Porpoise having a Horn six foot long growing out of his Snout which is still kept at Winsor In 1583 Sir Humphry Gilbert went to the great River of Saint Lawrence in Canada took possession of the Country and setled a Fishing Trade here In 1585 Mr. John Davis was employed for search of the North-West passage The first Land he came to he called the Land of Desolation then he arrived in Gilberts Sound in the Latitude of sixty four Degrees and sixteen Minutes Thence they went to sixty six Degrees and forty Minutes to Mount Raleigh ●otnes Sound c. In 1586 he made a second Voyage to the same place found amongst the Natives some of Frobishers Oar as also Lapis Specularis Copper Oar as also black and red Copper and returned after search of many places with hopes of discovering the desired Passage So that in the year 1587 he made a third Voyage to seventy two Degrees and twelve Minutes where the Compass varied to eighty two Degrees Westward the Land he called London Coast and there they found an open Sea forty Leagues between Land and Land which he called Fretum Davis In the year 1610 Mr. Hudson proceeded one hundred Leagues further than any before had done and gave names to certain places viz. Desire-Provokes Isles of Godmercie Prince Henrys Cape King James Cape Queen Anns Cape c. but the Ice hindred him from going further and the mutiny of his Men from returning home In 1612 James Hall and with him William Baffin discovered Cockings Sound in the Latitude of sixty five Degrees and twenty Minutes which differ'd from London sixty Degrees and thirty Minutes where James Hall was killed in the Boat by a Native pretending to trade They saw Rocks of pure Stone finer and whiter then Alablaster and Angelica growing plentifully 1615 Baffin was sent again he found Fair-point to differ from London seventy four Degrees and five Minutes and found that there was no passage through Davis Strairs it being only a great Bay. 1626 Baffin went again And in Sir Thomas Smith's Sound their Compass varied fifty six Degrees Westward but finding no passage returned home ●●●l Willoughby 1553 in his discovery for North-East passage 〈◊〉 by a large Country by the Westside whereof he sailed for 〈◊〉 days together and therefore could not be a small Island as the Dutch make it We have nothing of the Voyage but those short Notes which were found lying upon his Table after his Death which was that in August the second they parted from Seynam August the four●●●●th they were one hundred and sixty Leagues North Easterly from Seynam that they continued sailing till September the fourteenth where they landed on a Country high Rocky and uninhabited from whence the Cold and Ice forced them to return more Southerly which they did till they came to Arzina a River in Lapland where the next Spring they were found all frozen to death in the Ship. 1556 Steven Burrows who searching a passage by the North-East unto the Indies arrived in ●●2 Degrees and twenty five Minutes of Longitude seventy six of Latitude and so sailed to eighty Degrees and eleven Minutes and thence to Nova Zembla 1580 Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman sailed all over those Seas And that no Nation but English frequented those Northern Seas till 1578 that a Dutch Ship came to Cola and a year or two after another to Saint Nicholas and that by the encouragement of an English Man that set himself against the Russia Company which was Incorporated in 1553. Afterwards the Dutch crept in more and more and in 1594 they employed Barents and others to find out a passage Barents separating from his Company sailed to the North East of Nova Zembla where he lost his Ship and himself died In the Latitude of seventy four Degrees and thirteen Minutes the variation of the Needle was thirteen Degrees which was at Cherry or Bear Island In 1608 Henry Hudson was sent forth to discover the North Pole who went to eighty two Degrees as did also Thomas Marmaduke of Hull 1612 who saw divers Islands beyond that And in the year 1610 the Company set out the Ship Amity Jonas Pool Commander for Whale fishing who fell upon the Land formerly discovered and called it Greenland and gave names to many of the eminent places viz. Horn-sound where they found a Unicorns Horn as they called it Ice-point Bel-point Black-point Lowns Island Cape Cold Ice-sound Knotty-point Fowl-sound Deer-sound And in Cross Road seventy nine Degrees and fifteen Minutes Latitude the Variation was eighteen Degrees and sixteen Minutes North-West he seised upon the Country to the use of his Masters by setting up a Red Cross and fastning a Writing to it there he made the first Oyl And in 1611 the Company sent out two Ships and six Barques to fish for Whales where the first Whale they killed yielded them twelve Tuns of Oyl In the year 1614 the English set out thirteen great Ship● and two Pinnaces well armed and the Dutch eighteen whereof four were Men of War. The English took possession of divers parts of the Country for the King setting up a Cross and the Kings Arms in Lead And the Dutch did the like afterwards in the same places for the Prince of Orange In the year 1615 the King of Denmark sent three Ships Men of War to demand Customs for Fishing upon this Island which was denied and the Island affirmed to belong to the King of England In the year 1616 the Company sent eight Sail of great Ships and this year discovered Edges Island In the year 1617 the English sent out fourteen Ships and two Pinnaces April 24 they set sail from Gravesend and