â—…5 36 48 85 41 294 15 11 308 40 11 13 16 11 39 41 12 56 40 28 56 38 15 88 57 322 57 12 282 16 12 12 10 12 45 42 45 57 38 57 57 39 45 92 23 357 35 13 259 53 13 11 5 13 51 44 21 58 37 29 58 41 16 96 1 400 16 14 240 38 14 10 0 14 57 46 0 59 36 3 59 42 50 99 51 454 12 15 223 55 15 8 56 16 4 47 41 60 34 38 60 44 26 103 54 524 34 16 209 14 16 7 52 17 12 49 24 61 33 15 61 46 5 108 14 620 17 17 196 15 17 6 48 18 20 51 11 62 31 54 62 47 46 112 50 758 8 18 184 39 18 5 45 19 29 53 2 63 30 34 63 49 30 117 45 974 1 19 174 15 19 4 42 20 39 54 56 64 29 15 64 51 17 123 0 1360 36 20 164 50 20 3 38 21 50 56 53 65 27 58 65 53 8 128 39 2253 44 21 156 18 21 2 35 23 2 58 54 66 26 43 66 55 1 134 45 6547 56 22 148 30 22 1 32 24 14 61 0 67 25 28 67 56 59 141 21 Infinite 23 141 21 23 0 29 25 28 63 10 68 24 14 68 59 1 148 30 numbre 24 134 45 24 0 33 26 43 65 25 69 23 2 69 61 6 156 18  25 128 39 25 1 36 27 58 67 45 70 21 50 70 63 17 164 50  26 123 0 26 2 38 29 15 70 11 71 20 39 71 65 32 174 15  27 117 45 27 3 41 30 34 72 43 72 19 29 72 67 52 184 39  28 112 50 28 4 44 31 54 75 21 73 18 20 73 70 18 196 15  29 118 14 29 5 48 33 15 78 7 74 17 12 74 72 51 209 14  30 113 54 30 6 52 34 38 81 0 75 16 4 75 75 29 223 55  31 99 51 31 7 56 36 3 84 2 76 14 57 76 78 15 240 38  32 96 1 32 9 0 37 20 87 13 77 13 51 77 81 9 259 53  33 92 23 33 10 4 38 57 90 34 78 12 45 78 84 11 282 16  34 88 57 34 11 8 40 28 94 5 79 11 39 79 87 23 308 40  35 85 41 35 12 14 42 1 97 49 80 10 34 80 90 44 340 16  36 82 34 36 13 19 43 35 101 45 81 9 30 81 94 16 378 49  37 79 37 37 14 25 45 12 105 56 82 8 26 82 98 0 426 55  38 76 48 38 15 32 46 52 110 23 83 7 22 83 101 58 488 39  39 74 5 39 16 40 48 35 115 8 84 6 18 84 106 9 570 51  40 71 30 40 17 48 50 20 120 11 85 5 15 85 110 37 685 48  41 69 1 41 18 57 52 9 125 39 86 4 11 86 115 23 858 2  42 66 38 42 20 6 54 1 131 30 87 3 8 87 120 28 1144 52  43 64 28 43 21 16 55 57 137 49 88 2 5 88 125 56 1718 10  44 62 8 44 22 27 57 56 144 40 89 1 3 89 131 48 3437 24  45 60 0 45 23 39 60 0 152 7 90 0 0 0 138 9 Infinite  Ther may many coÌ„clusions by this table be wrought as you shal know or we depart but now let vs furder proced coÌ„cerninge our talke of zones in which you must coÌ„sider that these zones of which we haue intreated ar deuided into climates regions Spo. How doth à climatand à zone differ they both wer for this cause first inuented to make diuision of the face of th' earth into soÌ„dry parts Philo. I confesse no lesse but they differ in this poynt that à Zone doth in it coÌ„tain the fift portioÌ„ of th' earth and à climate but only so much of th' earth the loÌ„gest day in that place do differ from th' equinoctial xxx minutes or half an hour and are named vii in numbre of all th' auncient Geographers Spoud Then the first climate shal be in latitude xvi degrees xliiij minutes from th' equinoctiall and the loÌ„gest day shall excede xij houres whiche is the quantitie of the daye vnder th' equinoctiall one houre for so saithe Ptolomaeus Philon. It is true but heare you muste consider that Ptolomaeus deuideth euery climate in iiij equall portions nameth them Paralleles euery one of them coÌ„teining in latitude iiij degrees xviij min. incresing the quantity of the longest day xv minutes so that Ptolomaeus making the first climate xvi degrees xliiij min. in Latitude from th' equinoctiall meaneth the middes and not the beginning of the climate Spou. I praye you or we anye further proceade shewe me the signification of a Parallele Philo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greke whiche we also do call à Parallele is à Circle equally distaunt from that which is drawne next him and are described by the course of the sonne and starres of which the greatest is th' equinoctial for that he is furdest froÌ„ the Poles so that the nerer the poles the lesse is the parallele and the number of them Ptolomaeus maketh xxj as in this figure in which I haue made xxj paralleles froÌ„ th' equinoctiall vnto both the poles Arctike Antarctike and now to our matter againe from whence we did digresse You shall consider that euerye Climate hathe à proper name for the suerer difference of one from an other taketh his name of some notable Citye Mountaine or Riuer ouer which the mids of that Climate is drawn As for example The middes of the firste Climate goeth ouer a notable Ilande of Nilus called Meroë of that we name it Dia Meroes that is the climat going ouer Meroë The seconde Climat is called Dia Syënes of a citye in Egipt called Syënes The middes of the thirde climate is drawen ouer Alexandria an other Citye also in Egipt therfore called Dialexandrias The fourth goth ouer th' Iland of the Rodes now in subiection to the great Turke and is named Diarhodou The fift climate Dia Romes going ouer Rome somtime the head of the world at this preset the sinck of sin The sixte Climate is named Dia Pontou because it goeth ouer the Pontike seas named Euxinus The seuenth is draweÌ„ by Boristhenes a Citye so called therefore named Diaboristheneos not by the Riâ—…hean Mountanes as the vnlerned sort suppose seing that they ar at the lest x. deg froÌ„ this climate distaunte Spou. And what was the cause that they described no places beyoÌ„d the. 7. climate seing that ther are many inhabitaÌ„ts as by your words do appeare wher you made mention of the habitable places in th' earth Philo. It was ether because they supposed those places scaÌ„t or with muche paines habitable for th' extreme cold or els that they knew not the parts North froÌ„ theÌ„ situated as now we do Spou. And do they not make mention of
I wyll shewe you in the tyme of Ptolomaeus as his workes do testifie the sonnes greatest declination from th'equinoctiall was xxiij degrees lj minutes and xxx secondes Almaeon found it .xxiij. degrees .xxxiij. mynutes and .xxx. secondes Iohannes de monte Regio tried it to be .23 and but .30 minutes And George Pour bachius .23 degr .28 mi. which agreeth with our time Spoud This diuersitie of obseruatioÌ„ may arise rather of the instrumentes not exactly made then that he do so vary in his declination Philo. Nay verely I attribute the cause here of vnto that mouing of the heaueÌ„ which is called of Tebitius Alfonsus motus trepidationis Spoud How may I finde this varietie of declination by myne owne diligence Philo. Although it vary not in a mans lyfe any thing sensible yet because you may both know the obseruing of it exactly and also teache other that hereafter shal lerne as you are now instructed your selfe I wil in fewe wordes open the whole labour Take a quadrant the making of whiche you shal see among the other instrumentes and and set it directly vpright vpon some playne in the meridian lyne the finding of whiche you shal see in the next treatise and is here marked A. B. as also C. A. dore present the zenit or verticall point then rayse vp and downe the ruler hauing two sight holes made in it vnto the sonne whan as he is in the meridian line and obserue diligeÌ„tly that height in the circle of degrees noted in your quadrant froÌ„ B. to C. the .xi. or .xii. day of DeceÌ„ber which is B. D. vntill you finde he goeth no lower and againe in like case the .xi. or .xij. of Iune vntyll you perceiue he increaseth nothinge in height and is noted here B. E. and so the distaunce of D. E. is the distaunce of the .ij. tropick Circles Spoud What meane you by those tropick circles Philo. You shall knowe our conclusion ended This distaunce in our dayes is founde .46 degrees .56 minutes which beyng parted in two equall parts reconed from th' Equinoctiall B. F. sheweth the Sonnes greatest declination Northwarde from the forsaid Circle 23. degrees .28 minutes And in like case Southwarde in Winter And thus shall you alwaies find his declination Spoud This rule will I put in practise whan the tyme of the yeare doeth insewe Phil. Well now behold this table of DeclinatioÌ„ which shall serue thy vse more largely theÌ„ Orontius or D. Recordes Table is not so proplixe as E. Reignholdes A TABLE OF DECLINATION of th' Ecliptike in Degrees Minutes SecoÌ„des from th' Equi noctiall answeryng to the Sonnes greatest DeclinatioÌ„ .23 Deg. 28. Minu. Degrees Aries ♈ DiffereÌ„ Taurus ♉ DiffereÌ„ Gemini ♊ DiffereÌ„   Libra ♎  Scorpius â™ Â Sagittarius â™ Â Â Deg. Mi. Deg. Mi. Se. Mi. Se. Deg. Mi. Se. Mi. Se. De. Mi. Se. Mi. Se. De. Mi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 14 48   20 36 15   30 0 0 20 0 8 41   12 21 17   20 40 2   29 40 0 40 0 17 22   12 29 6   20 43 47   29 20 1 0 0 26 2   12 26 12 14 1 20 47 29   29 0 1 20 0 34 43   12 43 16   20 51 8   28 40 1 40 0 43 24   12 50 18   20 54 45   28 20 2 0 0 52 4   12 57 19   20 58 20   28 0 2 20 1 0 45 1 9 13 4 17   21 1 52 22 1 27 40 2 40 1 9 26   13 11 14   21 5 21   27 20 3 0 1 18 6   13 18 10   21 8 48   27 0 3 20 1 26 46   13 25 3   21 12 12   26 40 3 40 1 65 25   13 31 54   21 15 34   26 20 4 0 1 44 5   13 â—…8 42 15 6 21 18 54   26 0 4 20 1 52 43   13 45 28   21 22 11   25 40 4 40 2 1 22 2 19 13 52 13   21 25 25   25 20 5 0 2 10 〈◊〉   13 58 57   21 28 37   25 0 5 20 2 18 39   14 5 37   21 31 46   24 40 5 40 2 27 17   14 12 16   21 34 53   24 20 6 0 2 35 53   14 18 53   21 37 58   24 0 6 20 2 44 30 3 9 14 25 27   21 40 59   23 40 6 40 2 53 6   14 31 59 16 0 21 43 58   23 20 7 0 3 1 42   14 38 31   21 46 56   23 0 7 20 3 10 17   14 44 59   21 49 51   22 40 7 40 3 18 52   14 51 25   21 52 42   22 20 8 0 3 27 27   14 57 50   21 55 31   22 0 8 20 3 36 0 4 8 15 4 12   21 58 17   21 40 8 40 3 44 33   15 10 32   22 1 1   21 20 9 0 3 53 6   15 16 49   22 3 43   21 0 9 20 4 1 38   15 23 4   22 6 22   20 40 9 40 4 10 9   15 29 18   22 8 59   20 20 10 0 4 18 40   15 35 30 17 2 22 11 33   20 0 10 20 4 27 10 5 6 15 41 39   22 14 4 23 1 19 40 10 40 4 35 38   15 47 46   22 16 33   19 20 11 0 4 47 7   15 53 51   22 19 0   19 0 11 20 4 52 34   15 59 53   22 21 24   18 40 11 40 5 1 1   16 5 53   22 23 45   18 20 12 0 5 9 27   16 11 52   22 26 4   18 0 12 20 5 17 51 6 4 16 17 47   22 28 20   17 40 12 40 5 26 15   16 23 41   22 30 34   17 20 13 0 5 34 39   16 29 33   22 32 45   17 0 13 20 5 43 1   16 35 22 18 1 22 34 54   16 40 13 40 5 51 23   16 41 9   22 37 0   16 20 14 0 5 59 43   16 46 53 Â
Climates drawne South from th'equinoctiall as of the North of whiche you haue spoken Phi. They do in like maner deuide that portion into vij Climates but for that they knewe no notable places as in the north partes from th'equinoctiall they gaue them the names of the North Climates with this addition Anti that is to saye oppositie or againste as Antidiameroes the Climate Southe from th'equinoctiall opposite or agaynst the north Climat drawn by Meroë And so in like sort with th' other as this figure shewith in which A. B. C. D. do represente the meridian circle A. the Northe Pole and C. the Pole Antarctike B. D. th'equinoctiall E. F. the Tropike of Cancer G. H. the Tropike of Capricorne the Polary circles I. K. and L. M. The Climates of themselfes are euident hauinge their proper names to them ioyned are drawn from B. D. th'equinoctiall toward the poles A. C. Spou. Now I pray you declare the coÌ„tinuation of the Climates paralleles Philo. I wil fulfill your request The partes of th' Earth Northwardes beinge by painfull daÌ„gerous nauigatioÌ„s found out are deuided also into Climates we folowing the same ordre that Pto lomaeus and th'aunciente Geographers vsed tbat is euery parallele to be distaunt from an other 4. degrees 18. minutes and euery climate one from an other 7. degrees 27. minutes geuing them in like sort apte names of the places ouer which they are drawne so that in our time there is founde after the same inuention 96. Paralleles of which are made 24. climates and for that it shall not easely be breuied in the poke of ObliuioÌ„ behold I haue drawne out a Table conteining in it the paralleles Climates with the places ouer whicb they directli are described as also th' eleuation of the pole Arctike vnto 90. degrees and the quantity of the longest daye answeringe vnto euery one of those degrees whiche Table shall muche pleasure you as hereafter it shall be euident A TABLE CONTEYNING THE NVMBRE OF PARALLELES AND CLIMATES VVITH th' Eleuation of the Pole Arcticke quantitie of the longest day night answering hereto Paralleles af ter Ptolomae us Paralleles more certayn exacte The number of Climates after th' olde Graecians vse Climates after th'inuen tion of Geographers in our time The names of Climates Paralleles after som notable place in them Th' Eleuation of the Pole arctick The quantitie of the lon gest day 1 1  1 Vnder Th'Equinoctiall 0 0 12 0 2 2    4 18 12 15 3 3  2  8 34 12 30 4 4    12 43 12 45 5 5 1 3 By th'Ilande MeroeÌ„ 16 44 13 0 6 6    20 34 13 15 7 7 2 4 By Syâ—…ne vnder the Tro picke of Cancer 24 11 13 30 8 8    27 36 13 45 9 9 3 5  30 48 14 0 10 10   By Alexandria 33 46 14 15 11 11 4 6 By the Rhodes 36 30 14 30 12 12    39 3 14 45 13 13 5 7 By Rome 41 23 15 0 14 14    43 32 15 15 15 15 6 8 By Ponte Euxine 45 31 15 30 16 16    47 â—…1 15 4â—… 17 17 7 9 By Boresthenes 49 1 â—…6 0 18 18    50 34 16 15 19 19  10 By VViteberge 51 59 16 30 20 20    53 17 â—…6 45 21 21  11 By Grypsualde 54 30 17 0 22 22    55 36 17 15 23 23  12 By Moscouia Irlande 56 38 17 30 24 24    57 34 17 45 25 25  13  58 27 18 0  26    59 15 18 15 26 27  14  59 59 18 30  28    60 40 18 45 29 29  15  61 18 19 0  30    61 â—…3 19 15 28 31  16  62 25 19 30  32   By Orcades 62 55 19 45 29 33  17  63 22 20 0  34    63 47 20 15  35  18  64 10 20 30  36    64 31 20 45 30 37  19 All these Paralleles folowynge are drawen by places 64 49 21 0  38    65 6 21 15  39  20 in Norwey and SweuelaÌ„d c. 65 22 21 30  40    65 â—…5 21 45 31 41  21  65 47 22 0  42    65 58 22 15  43  22  66 7 22 30  44    66 15 22 45 2 45  23  66 21 23 0  46    66 25 23 15  47  24  66 29 23 30  48   Vnder th'Arct Circle 66 31 23 43 33 49    66 32 24 0 Paralleles after Ptolomaeus Paralleles more certaine and exacte The names of the Paralleles after the notable places by which they are described c. Th' Eleuation of the Pole Arctik Continuall day in somer Continuall nyght in winter  50  67 0 23 11 22 1 34 51  67 30 33 17 31 13  52  68 0 41 14 39 2  53  68 30 48 6 45 8  54  69 0 54 3 50 22  55  79 30 59 12 56 0 35 56  70 0 64 â—…1 60 16  57  70 30 69 4 65 2  58  71 0 73 13 69 6  59  71 30 77 17 73 5  60 Bâ—… Laponia and the grene Lande 72 0 81 17 77 1  61  72 30 85 14 80 17  62 whiche after the opinioÌ„ of sundry 73 0 89 8 84 6 36 63 Authors do continually without seperation Ioine with west India 73 30 92 22 87 18  64  74 0 96 10 91 2  65  74 30 99 21 94 9  66  75 0 â—…03 5 97 14  67  75 30 106 11 100 17  68  76 0 109 16 103 19  69  76 30 112 20 106 20  70  77 0 115 22 â—…09 20  71  77 30 118 22 118 â—…7  72  78 0 121 22 118 14 37 73  78 30 124 21 118 11  74  79 0 127 19 121 7  75  79 30 1â—…0 17 124 2  76  80 0 133 13 126 20  77  80 30 136 8 129 14  87  81 0 139 3 132 7  79  81 30 141 21 135 0  80  82 0 144 14 137 17  81  82 30 147 7 140 9  82  83 0 150 0 142 23  83  83 30 152 16 145 13 38 84  84 0 155 8 148 4  85  84 30 158 0 150 18  86  85 0 160 15 153 9  87  85 30 â—…63 5 155 22  88  86 0
subita percussa expalluit vmbra VVhan as the mone vnto the world her brother Titan bright In forme wold represent shining with face both full and round She sodenly was sore wounded and ther with left her light Titan causing th'earthes shadow her beauty to confound Spou. These verses are short very full of eloquēce Phil. Yea they are also easy to be vndarstand for she neuer resembleth the figure of the sonne whō Poëts call her brother but only whā she is at the ful at which time beinge in th' opposite place to him th'earthe as I saide shadoweth her from oure sightes But let that passe and beholde to serue thy vse in this behalf I haue calculated such Eclipses of the mone as shall happē frō the yeare of oure Lorde 1560. vntill the yere 1605 Applying the time of ther beginning in yeares daies houres minuts vnto the meridiā of Norwich exactly whiche is 22. degrees and. 30. minuts from the Canarian or West fortunate Ilandes 1560. ¶ March. Daye 11 Houre 16 Minute 6 1562. ¶ Iuly Daye 15 Houre 14 Minute 4 1563. ¶ Iuly Daye 5 Houre 7 Minute 34 1565. ¶ Nouember Daye 7 Houre 11 Minute 36 1566 ¶ October Day 28 Houre 2 Minute 44 1567 ¶ October Daye 17 Houre 13 Minute 53 1569 ¶ Marche Day 2 Houre 14 Minute 57 1570 ¶ February Day 20 Houre 5 Minute 20 1570 ¶ August Daye 15 Houre 9 Minute 5 1572 ¶ Iune Day 25 Houre 9 Minute 10 1573. ¶ December Daye 8 Houre 7 Minute 25. 1576. ¶ October Day 7 Houre 9 Minute 12 1577. ¶ Aprill Day 2 Houre 6 Minute 29 1577. ¶ September Daye 26 Houre 10 Minute 37. 1578. ¶ September Daye 16 Houre 12 Minute 24 1580. ¶ Ianuary Daye 31 Houre 8 Minute 36 1581. ¶ Ianuary Daye 19 Houre 8 Minute 38 1581. ¶ Iuly Daye 15 Houre 15 Minute 0 1584 ¶ Nouember Daye 8 Houre 11 Minute 18 1587. ¶ September Daye 6 Houre 8 Minute 54 1588 ¶ Marche Daye 2 Houre 13 Minute 22 1588. ¶ August Day 25 Houre 14 Minute 47 1589 ¶ August Day 15 Houre 6 Minute 8 1590 ¶ December Day 30 Houre 7 Minute 15 1591. ¶ December Day 19 Houre 14 Minute 48 1592 ¶ Iune Day 14 Houre 8 Minute 7 1592 ¶ December Day 8 Houre 6 Minute 31. 1594 ¶ October Day 18 Houre 17 Minute 8 1595 ¶ Aprill Day 13 Houre 14 Minute 15 1596 ¶ Aprill Day 2 Houre 7 Minutes 57 1598 ¶ February Day 10 Houre 16 Minute 31 1598 August Day 6 Houre 5 Minute 28. 1599 ¶ Ianuary Day 30 Houre 16 Minute 30 1601 ¶ Nouembre Day 29 Houre 5 Minutes 9 1602 ¶ May. Day 25 Houre 4 Minute 56 1603 ¶ May. Day 14 Houre 10 Minute 39 1603 ¶ Nouember Day 8 Houre 7 Minute 7 1605. ¶ Marche Day 24 Houre 7 Minute 15 1605. ¶ September Day 16 Houre 14 Minute 49 Whan as thou wilt finde the longitude of any Region Country or Uillage by an Eclipse do in this manner Obserue diligently the perfaite time whan as she beginneth to be eclipsed either by some perfait Dial or clock or els by the heighte of some fixed sterre and if the time of hyr beginninge do agree with that whiche thou shalt find here calculated know certainly that thy Meridian and longitud is all one with Norwich but if they differ do in this order Subtract the lesser time from oute of the greater the differēce turn into degrees mi. of the Equinoctial Thē if the time in the beginning of her obscuration be more then that which I haue heare placed adde this difference in degrees and minuts vnto the lōgitude of Norwiche because the place is East from it and you shall haue the perfait lōgitude But and she begin soner with the to be Eclipsed then is here mētioned subtract the difference aforesaid in digrees minuts from the Longitude of Norwiche because thou arte West from it you shal haue the Longitude desired Spou. Howe shall I torne the houres minutes of the day into digrees minutes of th' Equinoctiall Philo. You must giue to euery houre 15. digrees to euery 4. minu of an houre one digr of th' Equinoctial euery minu of an houre 15. minu of th' Equinoctiall as this Table folowyng shall alway declare And nowe I wyll giue you à twofould example Anno. Christi 1558. the second day of Aprill there was à great Eclipse of the Mone so that she was darkened x. pointes well nere began to come vnder the shadowe of th' Earth at Norwich at x. a clock 37. minutes at night as by taking the height of à fixed sterre called the virgins spike did euidently appeare now willing to note mens obseruations in other places I finde that Leouitius Cyprianus in hys boke of Eclipses apoynteth it to begin at Augusta in Ger many 23. min. after xi a clock at night Then to find the longitude of Augusta frō Norwich I subtract x. houres 37. min. frō xi houres 23 min ther remaine 49 minuts A TABLE SERVING TO THE CONuerting the houres and minutes of the day into digrees and minutes of th' Equinoctiall  Th' ark of th' equinoctiall in   Th' arke of th' Equinoctiall in Hou of the day Digre Mi Second  Mi. of hou Digrees Min. Secō Third 1 15 2 30  1 0 15 2 3 2 30 5 0  2 0 30 5 0 3 45 7 30  3 0 45 7 30 4 60 10 0  4 0 0 10 0 5 75 12 30  5 1 15 12 30 6 90 15 0  6 1 30 15 0 7 105 17 30  7 1 45 17 30 8 120 20 0  8 2 0 20 0 9 135 22 30  9 2 15 22 30 10 150 25 0  10 2 30 25 0 11 165 27 30  15 3 45 37 30 12 180 30 0  20 3 0 50 0 13 195 32 30  25 6 16 12 30 14 201 35 0  30 7 31 15 0 15 225 37 30  35 8 46 27 30 16 240 40 0  40 10 1 49 0 17 255 42 30  45 11 17 1 30 18 270 45 0  50 12 32 5 0 19 285 47 30  55 13 48 2 30 20 300 50 0  60 15 2 30 0 21 315 52 30       22 330 55 0       23 345 57 30       24 361 0 0       with which I enter into this tahle finde answeringe to 46. minutes of time 11. degrees 30. minu of th' equinoctiall because that the beginning of the Eclipse is later at Augusta ▪ then at Norwich it sheweth the situation to be East from it Wherfore I adde the difference of time tourned into degrees vnto 22. degrees 30. minu the longitud of Norwich ther ariseth 34. degrees the longitude of Augusta In like manner 1559. the. xvi day of September at 3. of
vs sooner by one houre a halfe then with them and is daye with them after the Sonne is set with vs in like sort one houre xxx minutes Philo. And all this cometh because th' Earth is round causing vs them not to haue one generall Horizont The like reason is to be said of the diuersities of times in the beginning of an Eclipse either of Sonne or Mone As for exāple th' Eclipse of the Mone which was 1556. the 17. day of Nouēber at one of the clocke in the morning with vs at Norwiche for the moste parte of Englande which in the Horizont of Calicut began at vij of the clock In like sort ther shall happē an Eclipse of the Mone in the yeare of Christ our sauior 1562. the 16. daye of Iuly at two of the clocke iiij minutes in the morning at which time she shal be totallie darkened continew from the beginning to th' ende iij. houres and yet th'inhabitauntes at Calicut shall not see anye parte therof whiche moste euidently sheweth the roundnes of th' Earth to be the cause as this Figure here folowing do more plainely set out in which E. signifieth th' Earth A. the East C. the West D. the verticall pointe for Norwich B. in like maner the Zenit of Calicut Wherby it is manifest that the Mone shal be perfitly seperated from the Sonne or she shall appeare in the Horizōt of Calicut And yet we in England diuers other places East shall se bothe beginning ende of her Eclypsing Spoud These are sufficiēt probatiōs to declare th' Earth roūd frō th' East to the West but by what argument can you shewe it to be also rounde from the South to the North Philo. That is very easie to proue For if th' Earth were flat from the South to the North then we should se the south Sterres vnder th' Earth as well as those that be North alway in our sight And againe the Sonne Mone Sterres at midde day through the vniuersal yere should be euer in one height which also is false Spoud Yea for I haue had practise of that thinge saylinge in à shippe for we goynge from th'Equinoctiall Line northwarde did see the North south Poles equall with the Water But directing our course more to the north coast leauing th'Equinoctial we reared the north starre in short space xij degr at lēgth 30. deg loking south we could not se the southe Pole nor yet many other sterres which in th'Equinoctial were visible to vs. Phi. Yea wher your north starre was eleuated xxx degrees your south Pole was xxx degrees depressed in like maner But for the firmer fixynge it in your memory behould this Figure in the which C. signifieth both th' Earth and water A. the north Pole B. the south therefore if one go from B. to A the earth being roūd he must haue B. so muche vnder him as A is aboue his Horizōt There are besides these many sūdry reasons to proue this thing which I may omit as I suppose to you which nede no lenger probatiō in that whiche is most manifest Spo. Yet theis argumēts shall not onely stay my mind in à trueth but also with the same I shal cō fute th'errors of other if any shal spring about this matter Phil. Then I wyll exhort you wher these shall not seme sufficient you will gather more stronger out of Ptolomaeus Almegiste Cleomedes de mundo Philo de mundo Aristotle Erasmus Reignholt Orontius Hic canet errantē Lunam Solisque labores Arcturūque pluuiasque hyad gēinosque triōes Iohn de Sacrobosco oure countreyman master Recorde which doeth almost repete all their argumentes in the Castell of knowledge And nowe behold the Type of the world conteinyng in it as well the heauenly Regiō with suche Spheres Circles as haue bene in sundry partes before set forth in this treatise as also th'Elementarie region comprehendyng the Fier Aëre Water Earth in suche order forme as is cōsonant agreyng both with Reason Practise and Authoritie of most approued authors And for this time we will depart for beholde the Sonne is gone to rest Hesperus do shewe in the West verie brighte all other liuynge thinges also do apply them to take rest therfore let vs go downe this Hill into the Citie refreshyng our selues quickening memorie to morow I wil mete you in this same place agayne Spoud I thanke you hertly Philoni Let me here you can repete the summe of such thinges as we haue taken in hande this day as we walke downeward Spoud With à right good wyll 1 Firste you shewed me what Cosmographie was what Geographie and what Chorographie yea and wherein euery of them differeth from other 2 Next what the world was with his partes that is to saye the Heauenly Region Elementary with à briefe Discourse touchinge the Partes and order of the Heauenly Region 3 Thyrdly what a Sphere is howe it is deuided into a Right and Croked Sphere And howe it differeth from a Cirle 4 Forthly what a Center was what an Axe tree what a Diameter and of theyr difference 5 Fiftlye of the Principall Circles whiche are saide to be in this Sphere As the Horizont Meridian Aequinoctiall Zodiake two Colures the two Tropickes the Circles Arcticke and Antarctick Also that the Horizont and Meridian Circles be stable and without motiō with diuers other thinges herto belonging 6 Last you proceded to the second part of the world which is th' Elementarie Region In which you refuted sundry opinions touching the forme of th' Earth Philo. Nowe I perceiue bothe your apte nature in conceiuing such thinges as are spoken also your firme memory in reteining the same Wherefore you shall encourage me to geue you further instructions But for this time I must bid you fare well Spou. God preserue you graunt you life to accomplishe your desire in profiting your countrey as you do entende Amen THE SECONDE BOOKE OF the Cosmographicall Glasse in which is plainly expressed the Order and Number of Zones Paralleles and Climates Also sundry waies for th'exacte findyng out of the Meridiane Line The Longitude Latitude of places with many other preceptes belongyng to the making of a Carte or Mappe Spoudaeus MORPHEVS THE God of dreames with his slepie rodde so much this last night frequented my companie that my bodye taking rest my mind was much more busilie traueling in such conclusions as I had learnid of Philonicus thē it was in the time of his teaching For some time Morphêus shewed me the Sonne in the tropicke of Capricorne farre in the South among the cloudye skies as he comenly is the. 13. day of December And next he appered in th' Equinoctiall pointes as it is the tenth daye of March and the. 14. of Septēb willing me with great di ligēs to note that parallele circle Shortly after the sōne appeared in the tropicke of
you drawing from the center to the circumference a straight line shal haue your own desire Other willing to exchew the tediousnes of time in obseruation do prouide a Plate of Meatall well pullished or some thick planke smothe and plained in whiche is drawne à circle as in th' other aforsaid with a Wyer or like thynge set vp right in the center and do diligently before none obserue whan the shadow of the Wier in length is equall with the circumference and at th' end of it make à prick In like sorte after noone whan as the shadowe commeth vnto the circumference and make there also à prick thē with the compasse deuide the space betwixte these two prickes in the middes and make there à note or pricke after draw à right line from the center to that middle pricke and it shall alwaye shewe the whan as the sonne is in the meridian or middaye line for that eleuation of the Pole as in this example A. Is the Center B. E. C. F. the Circle drawne in the planke or plate of metall A. D. the Gnomon or thing which geueth the shadowe AE the shadowe before Noone A. F. the shadow after none nowe deuidinge the space E. F. in the middes whiche is C. and drawne à righte line from A. beinge the Center vnto C. and that is the true Meridian line Spoudeus This way semeth muche easier and facile then the other Philo. Yea and it is also as certaine as th' other and it was inuented as I suppose of Iohannes de monte regio or Vitruuius But Uernerus vseth no other way to find oute thys Line then onelye a Diall hauinge à perfaite nedle placinge it on some plaine and smothe place whan the nedle standeth stedfastlye in the righte Line wythin the Diall it dothe as it were poynte directlye North and South Spoud This waye in my iudgement doeth excell all the rest both for the easines therof also which you can not do by th' other that you maye by it finde the Meridiane or middaye Line at all tymes bothe daye nyght houre Phil. You may so but the neadle doeth sometime erre from right north south as hathe bene obserued I will shew you in the treatise of Nauigation Yea how you shall also correct your neadle but I also haue inuented two waies the first is I make a plaine roūde plate in the mids of which I fix à ruler hauing two sightes to loke thorow then whē the sonne risith halfe aboue the Horizont half vnder I placing my Instrument flat on th' earth do direct the ruler vnto the same so that I may see him thorow the sightes then my ruler not moued I drawe with à Chalke or like thing à right lyne frō the Center vnto the Sōne whan the Sōne goeth down I do in like maner drawe an other Line then I drawe à right Line from the Line of his rising vnto the Line of his goynge downe diuide this Line in the middes after I drawe a right Line from the Center vnto the middes of the ouerwart Line thē I fixe in the Center an vpright wier the shadow of whiche at all times shall shewe when as the Sonne is in the Meridiane Line in that habitation but or we further procede I wyll giue you hereof an example in which I do make A. for the Center then putting vpon it à wyer or pricke I do fasten the ruler ther on this beyng done I place my instrumēt flat applie the ruler with his sightes G. F. vnto the Sōne drawe there à Line A. D. in like sorte whan he is goyng downe make an other Line A. C. then I draw à right Line from C. vnto D. which I diuide in the middes E. crosse it with à Line A. B. which is the Line at midday But in place where I cannot haue this or other like instrmēt whē as I se the sōne to draw very nere the south I pricke vpright in the groūde à knife or such like thīg markīg diligētly how lōg the shadow doth decrease whā as I perceaue it decreaseth no more but rather waxe longe againe I drawe à line from my knife to the shadow which serueth for the Meridian line Spoud I thancke you sir for this your gentlenesse in beating these things into my grose and dulhed And I wil put them all in practise whan conuenient time shal serue but in the night I mīding to take the true height of anye Planet or fixed sterre in the nonestead lyne what ordre shall I obserue for then there is no shadowe which will do pleasure Philo. Therfore wyth some Quadrāt Astrolabe or Ptolomaeus ruler the fation of whiche I do here place and the makinge you shall finde amonge th' other Instrumentes and marke what hys It is made of 3. peaces beyng 4. square As in the Picture where A. F. is the first peace or rule A. D. The seconde G. D. the third rule E. The Foote of the staffe C. F. The Plumrule C. B. The ioyntes in which the second third Rulers are moued K. L. The sighte holes I. The Sonne H. The Zenit or ver ticall pointe M. N. The Noonestead Lyne altitude is then you may staye a season after à while obserue his hight again and so from time to time vntill he increase no hier which is a perfect token that then he is in the Meridian line The same you maye do also with the sonne And for that nightlye trauell hearein semeth somwhat combrous and painfull behold here is a Table of the sonnes height for euery degree of the signes in the Zodiake his greatest declination being 23. degrees 28. minutes and th' eleuation of the Pole arctike aboue the Horizont 52. degrees 10. minutes As concerning the vse of the Table I wil speke nothing but will reserue it for his due place only admonishing you at this present that first you finde out the place of the Zodiake in signes and degrees by some Ephemerides or out of my tables in the Gazophilaciō Astronomicum then loke in the ouerpart of the Table and if that signe be there mensioned descend downward in the first columne finde out also the degre and directly against it shalt thou haue the sonnes Meridian altitude But and the signe be found in the lower part of the Table then you shall serch out his degre in the last column and against it toward the left hand you shal in like maner finde the Altitude answering hereto Spoud I praye you geue me example hereof or you do take in hande any other matters Philo. The thing is so easy as it nede no farther working ▪ yet I will not refuse in so litle a request to satisfye your desire I find the sonne the first day of the new yere 1558 in the signe of the Goate xx degrees the. 37. minutes A TABLE OF THE SONNES MERIDIANE Altitude aboue the Horizont Calculated for
euery digree in the Zodiake Respecting th' Eleuation of the Pole Arctike aâ—… Norwich 52. Digrees 0. minutes the Sonnes Declination 23. Digrees 28. minutes  Capricornus Aquarius Prâ—…ces Aries Taurus Gemini  Digr Digr Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig â–ª 0 14 22 17 â—…4 25 36 37 50 50 4 58 â—…6 30 1 14 23 17 26 25 57 38 16 50 26 58 37 29 2 14 23 17 38 26 19 38 42 50 47 58 48 28 3 14 24 17 50 26 42 39 8 51 8 58 58 27 4 14 25 18 3 27 4 39 34 51 28 59 8 26 5 â—…4 27 18 16 27 27 40 0 51 48 59 18 25 6 14 29 18 29 27 50 40 25 52 8 59 27 24 7 14 32 18 43 28 â—…3 40 51 52 28 59 â—…6 23 8 14 35 18 57 28 36 41 17 52 47 59 45 22 9 14 38 19 12 29 0 41 43 53 6 59 53 21 10 14 42 19 27 29 24 42 8 53 25 60 1 20 11 14 46 19 42 29 48 42 34 53 43 60 9 19 12 14 50 19 58 30 12 42 59 54 1 60 16 18 13 14 55 20 14 30 36 43 24 54 19 60 22 17 14 15 0 20 30 31 1 43 49 54 36 60 29 16 15 15 6 20 47 31 26 44 14 54 53 60 34 15 16 15 11 21 3 32 0 44 39 55 10 60 40 14 17 15 18 21 21 32 16 45 4 55 26 60 45 13 18 15 24 21 48 32 41 45 28 55 42 60 50 12 19 15 31 21 56 33 6 45 52 55 58 60 54 11 20 15 39 22 15 33 32 46 16 56 13 60 58 10 21 15 47 22 34 33 57 46 40 56 28 61 2 9 22 15 55 22 52 34 23 47 4 56 43 61 5 8 23 16 4 23 12 34 49 47 27 56 57 61 8 7 24 16 13 23 31 35 â—…5 47 50 57 11 61 11 6 25 16 22 23 51 35 40 48 13 57 24 61 13 5 26 16 32 24 12 36 6 48 36 57 37 61 14 4 27 16 42 24 32 36 32 48 58 57 50 61 16 3 28 16 52 24 53 36 58 49 2â—… â—…8 2 61 17 2 29 17 3 25 14 37 â—…4 49 43 58 14 61 17 1 30 17 14 25 36 37 50 50 4 58 26 61 â—…8 0 Digr Digr Min. Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig  Sagittarius Scorpius Libra Virgo Leo. Cancer  I omit as not requisite in this businesse then first I found in the hier part of the table Capricornus therfore I descending downward in the second columne against the. 20. degre of Capricorne founde 15. degrees 39. minuts the altitude of the sonne for the mids of that day In like maner the same yere the. 6. day of Septembre the sonne had his course in the. 24. degre of the virgine and because I finde Virgo in the lower parte of the Table ascendinge in the last colunme vpward find the 24. degre and against it in the columne of Uirgo 40. degrees 25. minutes the Meridian altitude of the soÌ„ne answering that degree in like sort do with any degre of th' other â—…gnes whan as occasion is ministred Spou. This now shall I alway kepe surely in memorye and because you haue heare apte place to geue me some precepte for th' eleuation of the Pole Arcticke I desire you herein to show me some instructions Phi. I will so do and the rather for that wythoute it you can little preuaile in this Arte and with knowinge it and the longitudes of regions you shall meruelouslye profit Spou. I praye you then begin firste with the finding out of the latitude of any place Philo. Whan as the sonne is in either Aequinoctiall poyntes by the helpe of your none steade shadowe you shal find when he is in the meridian line then with your instrument take his altitude whiche you shall subtracte from 90. degrees and the remanent shall be the iust eleuation of the Pole as for example At Norwich 1557 the 10. of march I found the meridiane altitude of the soÌ„ne by my Astrolabe 37. degrees and 50. minutes which I did subtract from 90. degrees and there remained 52. degrees 10. minuts the true height of the Pole and latitude of Norwich Spou. And do you not marke his declination at that time Phi. I cannot marke that whiche is not For in these poynts he hath no declination and that you might se in the table seruing that vse which is in the first boke But although this way is very perfect yet carieth it this discommoditie with him that you can but twise yearely take th'eleuatioÌ„ of the Pole And therfore I will showe you also how to find it whan he is in the Tropick poynts Spoud That is in the beginning of Cancer and Capricorn Phi. It is so you shall finde oute as afore wyth your instrument the sonnes height at middaye whan as he is in the first degree of Cancer Spou. That time can I finde oute by the helpe of an Ephemerides Phi. From this height you shall take away as your table sheweth 23. degrees 28. minuts this numbre you shall subtract froÌ„ 90. degrees the remanant shal be th'exacte Eleuation of your pole as for example I find the height of the soÌ„ne at midday in the beginning of Cancer 61. degrees 18. minutes from which I take 23. degrees 28. minutes and there shall remayne 37. degrees 50. minutes this nomber I take from 90. degrees being an hole quadrant there remaineth 52. degrees 10. minutes th' eleuation of the pole Spoud I will proue by your licence and I can do in like case whan as he is in Capricorn Phil. Do you so Spou. I imagine his none steade heighte to be 14. degrees 22. minutes for because he is farre from our Zenit from which I cannot substract the greatest declination of the sonne answering the first degre of Capricorn in the table of declination Phi. Nor you shall not make anye subtraction For like as whan he declineth North from th'equinoctiall which is from the beginning of Aries vnto th' end of Virgo you shall subtracte his declinatioÌ„ from his altitude so in like maner hauing his declination South which is from the beginninge of Lybra vnto th' end of Pisces you muste adde his declination to the meridian altitude and subtract theÌ„ bothe from 90. degrees Spo. Then I wil end my example I do adde 23. degrees 28. min. vnto 14. degrees 22. min. the nonestede height which make 37. degrees 50. mi. I take this froÌ„ 90. degrees as you commaunded and ther remaineth 52. degrees 10. minutes as afore Phil. You haue truely wrought Spou. But is it not possible to finde th'eleuatioÌ„ of the Pole euery day for in traueling it shuld pleasure me Phil. It is possible to find it not only euery day but al so euery hour but I will reserue that vntill an other season
and will shew you how to find the height of the Pole euery day for whiche thinge I will geue you two sondrye wais th' one without any other instrumente more then a staffe or other thing erected to geue à shadow whyche I haue inuented th' other way is by the helpe of an instrument with which I will begin Take the sonnes heighte as before beinge in the Meridian line then take oute of some Ephemerides his place in the Zodiake in degrees minutes with which you shall enter into the table of declination ther find his declination from th'Equinoctiall answering to the said degrees minutes And if it be North thē subtracte it from th'Altitude Meridiā or if it be South adde it to the said Altitude then addyng or subtracting that numbre from 90. Digrees there shall remayne the trewe Eleuation of the Pole Spoud Wyll it please you to let me proue this rule by an example Philo. Right gladly Spou. I finde the Sonne in the sixt Digree of Gemini whose heighte as you see is 59. Digrees 28. minutes well nye And nowe I finde in the Table of the Sonnes declination vnder the 6. Digree of Gemini 21. Digrees 37. minutes 58. secondes Whiche I subtracting from the sonnes height ther doth remaine 37. digrees 50. minutes this I take from 90. digrees finde the place in height 52. digrees 10 ▪ minutes Phil. Let not this slide out of your memory because it hath a singuler vse in this art by it you may in al pla ces wher you trauaile finde out the height of the Pole And nowe I will shewe you my waye howe to finde th'aforesaide eleuation Spou. And shall your way serue in like maner for euery day in the yeare Phi. I find out the height of the North starre by the shadow ether iiij times in the yere or els euery day the sonne being in the meridian line Spou. Then I require you shew me first howe to finde the latitude of any Citie or towne Philon. right willingly You shall proueide a staffe or any rightwand in what length you please this you shall deuide into 60. equall portions Then take oute of some Ephemerides or Almanach the day whan as the Sōne entreth into the first digree of Aries Cancer Libra Capricornus At which times set your staffe vpright in some place And marke the shadow how longe it doth decrease whā it is at the shortest the sōne is in the noonstead place Then at that instaunt take the length of the shadow enter into the Table of shadowes there thou shalt finde th'exacte Latitude of thy Citie As for thy better instruction I find in an Ephemerides the sōne to be in the firste Digree of Aries 1558. the 12. daye of March Therfore whan as the sonne approche towarde the south I set my staffe directly vp find the shadow at midday 77. parts 13. minutes with which I enter the Table of shadowes vnder this title Aequinoctiall shadow can not finde my number expressed therfore I finde next vnder my nūber seuentie sixe 48. vnto which 52. digrees in Latitude do answere wherfore I workinge by proportion finde correspondent vnto 77. parts 13. minutes 52. digrees 10. minutes Spoud Then your minde is that I shall vse the rule of proportion in all Tables where as the perfect nūber is not expresedly founde Philo. Yea certainly Spo. Now shew how I may work euery day the same cōclusiō Phi. It differeth in no point frō the former order sauinge that in the table of shadowes you muste only haue respect to the columne of the sonnes altitude the shadow answering hereto Then to finde the degre he is in at that present next in the table of declination to seke out the declination of the same degree if it be North subtract it from the altitude so the remanent from 90. degrees you shall haue your owne desire Spoud But I finde him to decline Southe must I adde it to his altitude subtract both from 90 degrees as you did in the other Philo. In the same maner in all poyntes There is also an other waye to finde the latitude of Regions and Cities by the helpe of the Astronomy Ringe whiche you shall finde in my boke touching that matter in whiche I shew the making as also th' use of the same Spou. But in the night seasō how may I find the said Eleuation of the Pole in anye place Philo. The Mariners vse to find out the latitude of the place by findinge the height of the Northe starre which they call the lode starre esteming à degre or two in obseruation as no error But you shall worcke in thys maner first find out any notable starre that you knowe perfaitly in the table of fixed starres with Ptolomaeus rule or other instrumente obserue his heighte in the meridian line then in the table of declination you shall find how much he declineth North or South from th'equinoctiall obseruing th' order as you do with the searching out of the Pole by the sonnes altitude Meridiane and declination you shall haue your hole desire Spou. Will you nowe shewe the findyng out of the Lōgitude of any place from the Canariane Ilandes Philo. It is not so easie facile à thing to trie th' eleuation of the Pole but it is as harde laborus to get the Longitude which was the cause that the Auncient Geographers had onely one way that is by obseruing of th'Eclipses of the Mone Spoud I remember Strabo affirmith the same Phi. There is in dede no way so parfit suer as by th'Eclises therfore king Atreus is worthy eternall fame which was the finder out of th'Eclipses of the Sonne Mone 1205. yeares before Christ our Sauiours incarnation by whose trauaile we receaue this benefite Spoud Not we only that are presētly liuing but also such as haue bene before vs also those that shall here after folowe But what is the cause of hyr obscuration doeth not she at that time lose in dede hyr light Phi. No verely For it is directly against Aristotle all Philosophers well neare to confesse that the supercelestiall bodies are subiect to alteration yea or to affirme anye coloure in them But I wil let that passe wil show you the cause of her eclipsing which is no other thing thē the mone being in oppositiō of the sōne ether in the hed or tail of the dragō the shadow of th'erth is be twixt the mone our sight So that as longe as she is in perfit oppositiō without latitude so lōg doth she cōtinue in darknes Spo. And is she not Eclipsed at no other time then only at the Ful Phil. No certeinly ther fore Lucan doth aptly in his first boke opē the cause time of the mones Eclipsation in these versis Cornuque coacto Iam Phaebe toto fratrem cum redderet Orbe Terrarum
the clock 19. min. after dinner the mone shall begin to be darckened at Norwich whiche at Tolet in Spain shall happen at 2. of the clocke 22. minutes The difference in time is 47. minuts I conuert them into degrees minutes of th' equinoctiall as before finde 11. degreet 50. min. And because that the Mone is darkned soner at Tolet then Norwich I subtract this difference frō Norwich finde 10. degrees 40. minutes the longitude of Tolet which is West from Norwich Spo. But this Eclipse of the Mone shall not be sene in the beginning nether ende at Norwiche or Tolet Phi. True it is because the Mone being in the perfit opposition of the sonne can not shew her self aboue our Horizont before the sōne be vnder th' Earth which is not vnto 6. of the clocke Spou. How can you then shew the true time of her beginning at Norwiche or Tolet whan as she is not sene of their inhabitauntes Philo. right perfetlye Conferring the meridian of Norwich or Tolet wyth other places East from them whereas the beginninge shall be plainly of these inhabitants perceiued But in this place it is broughte in onlye for example And althoughe thys waye of finedinge the true longitude be bothe certain and mooste easiest of all other yet it hathe this discomodity because th'eclipses happen rarely and seldom as twise in à yere at the most sumtime but once in .ij. yere Furthermore ther hapeneth sumtime impedimēts that at the time also of her Eclipsing we cannot obserue her beginning or end either because the cloudes are betwixt our sight her so is shadowed or els that she is vnder our Horizont at that presēt season Wherfore P. Apiā practised an other way how to find out th'aforsaid Longitude yea that euery night hour of the same so that the Mone be aboue the Horizont the aire cleare and faire Spou. We are bound to haue him in much estimatiō which by his labours hathe supplied that we did wante but what is his inuention Phil. I will shew you ther are thre thinges required vnto this busines the Astronomers staffe also called Iacobes staffe the makinge of which you shall finde among th' other instrumentes the second is the true place of the Mone in the Zodiake in degrees minutes for the hour you make obseruatiō whiche you may take out of an Ephemerides and the iij. is the longitude of a fixed sterre which you may take out of the Table of fixed sterres in my firste boke These had you muste take your staffe with the Crosse on it and applye the one ende of the Crosse to the Center of the Mone and the other vnto the sterre which thing to do you shall remoue the Crosse vp and downe vntill the endes of the staffe touch both the center of the mone also of the sterre Thys ended the crosse shall shewe you what the distaunce of the Mone starre is in degrees minutes Then take the distaunce in degrees minuts of the Mone fixed sterre which you had before the obseruation And substract these .ij. distances th' one out of th' other the remanet deuide by the portiō that the mone moueth in one hour And that shall shew you the time whan as the Mone was ioyned wyth the starre if the starre be West from her or whan she shall be ioyned with the starre if it be East from the Mone This time being had you shall turne it into degrees minutes of th'equinoctiall as I said in th' other precept afore the table sheweth if the mone be West of the starre do in this manner Marcke whether the difference of the mone starre found by thy obseruation be greater then the difference foūd by the ephemerides the lōgitude of the fixed starre if it be lesser thē subtract the time turned into degrees mi. from the meridian for whiche th'Ephemerides are Calculated because thy place is west from it but and the difference be greater then adde the degrees mi. to the Longitude for which th'Ephemerides ar supputated because thy place is East from it so shalt thou haue the true Longitude desired Moreouer thou must consider if the Mone be East frō the Sterre then thou shalt worke contrary that is to say if the distaūce found by obseruatiō be lesser thē th' other you shall subtract it frō the lōgitud knowē because thi place is west frō it but this differēce be greater then adde it to the fornamed Longitude because thy place is East from th' other so withoute erroure thou shalt haue thine owne desire And this waye also is excellente to correcte the course of the Mone and amend the tables out of which hir mouinges are taken if they do erre at any time Spo. I must neades confesse your words true whā you said how much any thing excelled other in knowledge so much the more it was cōpanion with difficultie For except you geue me an exāple I shall neuer attain the perfait meaning hereof Philon. I will geue you an exāple of that time which I obserued my self to find out the lōgitude of Norwich Anno. 1558. the second day of February at x. a clocke at night I found the place of regulus called also the lions hart in longitude degrees 23. 32. minut in Leo the Mone also at that present in the .xxi. degree .xl. min. of the same signe hir place being calculated for Anwarp which is xxvi degrees xxxvj minutes I subtracte the place of the mone from the longitude of regulus the distance .j. degre .lij. min. that she is West from the sterre Then I take my staffe with one eie closed I moue the crosse vp down vntill th' one end was equall with the Center of the Mone th' other ende with the Starre Then I find by that obseruation the Mone to differ frō regulus j. degree 43. min. This numbre I take from the first difference ther remaineth 9. minutes Thē inquire I out how many min. of time answer vnto 9. min. of the Mones course making the Mone to moue in one hour xxxv minutes find .xvj. minutes of time which turned into degrees of th'equinoctiall make 4. degrees because the Mone is West of the sterre the distance found by the staffe lesse in number therefore I subtracte the. 4. degrees from the longitude of Anwarpe there remaine 22. degrees 36. minutes which differ littel frō the other obseruations Spou. The difference of 6. minutes in Longitude is small or no error whan as 15. minutes of th'equinoctiall make but one minute of time Phil. True it is Spoud By youre exāple the precept semeth more euident I mistruste not but with diligence to make in other places the like obseruation Phi. I will open vnto you an other waye to finde the Longitude of any region in euery place as well daye as night that euery houre most
7 7 53 5 7 42 4 18 6 59 5 1 6 9 5 51 5 16 6 44 4 31 7 29 4 5 7 55 10 7 36 4 24 6 50 5 10 6 0 6 0 5 8 6 52 4 25 7 35 4 4 7 56 15 7 30 4 30 6 42 5 18 5 51 6 9 5 0 7 0 4 9 7 41 4 4 7 56 20 7 24 4 26 6 34 5 26 5 42 6 18 4 51 7 9 4 14 7 46 4 6 7 54 25 7 17 4 43 6 24 5 36 5 34 6 26 4 43 7 17 4 11 7 49 4 9 7 51  Iulius August September October Nouember December Da. of the moÌ„ Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do  H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. 1 4 12 7 48 4 48 7 12 5 39 6 21 6 32 5 28 7 22 4 38 7 53 4 7 5 4 15 7 45 4 55 7 5 5 46 6 14 6 39 5 21 7 28 4 32 7 55 4 5 10 4 20 7 49 5 3 6 57 5 54 6 6 6 47 5 13 7 34 4 26 7 56 4 4 15 4 26 7 34 5 11 6 49 6 4 5 56 6 55 5 5 7 40 4 20 7 55 4 5 20 4 32 7 28 5 18 6 42 6 13 5 47 7 4 4 56 7 45 4 15 7 54 4 6 25 4 38 7 22 5 26 6 34 6 21 5 39 7 12 4 48 7 49 4 11 7 51 4 9 First you shall seke out the Monthe in this table with his day which if it be not there expressed take that whiche is next it And it shall shewe you what time the sonne setteth after seke out th'age of the Mone by th'Epacte or otherwise against that number in this table intituled the time that the mone shineth c. You shal find houres minutes which adde to the going down of the sonne that nomber shall manifestly declare how long she is aboue th'Earthe as for example The. xx daye of Marche 1559. the Mone is xj daies olde against which number in the Table of hyr shining I finde viij houres 48. minutes TheÌ„ do I loke at what tyme the sonne setteth the. xx day of March find it at vi of the clocke xviij minutes These I adde together and the numbre is xv hours vi minutes so that the mone sheweth vnto iii. of the clocke in the morning vi minutes after heare you muste note that before the Full after the chaunge she shineth presently the sonne beinge set But after the Full mone you shall subtract oute of the sonnes rising so many hours minuts as you finde in th'age of the mone the remanent shal shew when as she do rise as for example The xxvij day of March the moone is xviij daies old the time of hir shining is x. houres xxiiij minutes the sonne riseth that day at v. of the clock xxx minutes Now subtract the shining of the Mone out of the sonnes rising there remaine vii houres vi minuts the time whan as the Mone shall shew her selfe aboue the Horizont A TABLE SHEVVING HOVVE LONG the Moone shineth in our Horizont Th' age of the Mone The time she shineth Th' age of the Mone The time she shineth  Dayes Hovr Min. Dayes Hour Min.  1 0 48 16 12 0  2 1 36 17 11 12  3 2 24 18 10 24  4 3 12 19 9 36  5 4 0 20 8 48  6 4 48 21 8 0  7 5 36 22 7 12  8 6 24 23 6 24  9 7 12 24 5 36  10 8 0 25 4 48  11 8 48 26 4 0  12 9 36 27 3 12  13 10 24 28 2 24  14 11 12 29 1 36  15 12 0 30 0 48  Spoudaeus There yet remain to set out at what time daily ebbing and flowing shal be in euery cost or you furder proceade for you haue declared the diuision of the seas with the cause of the springe and ebbe tides also of dailye ebbinge and flowinge moreouer the age of the Mone and how long she shineth â–ª wherby I can coniecture the tides aforesaid nowe therfore if you do instructe me wherby I may know the perfect time of Ebbinge and Flowinge then you maye with other thynges at your pleasure proceade Philon. That you may do without any labour or studye if you do but only know what Mone in that coaste make ful seas which thinge this Table folowynge shall leade you vnto in which I haue placed the principall townes on this shore of England of other costes with the Mone that in euerye one of them make full seas FVLL SE AS IN THESE PLACES FOlâ—…wynge by the coste of the Moone as whan she is at London S. VV. Graues ende S. VV. S. Poperelle S. Landes ende S. E. Marget S. S. E. Gulles S. VV Sandwich S. E. S. Douer S. E. S. Rhie S. S. E. Porchmouth S. Portland S. E. Dartmot VV. S. Plumot VV. S. Famot VV. S. Mous bay VV. Scilli VV. S. Milford VV. S. The lands end at Gulf. VV. S. VV And all the coastes vp to bristow yea and the coastes of Irlande froÌ„ VVaterforde vnto HoldheÌ„de of Kinssael w. S. Calys S. S. E. Boleyne S. S. E. Depe S. E. S. New Hauen S. E. S. The coast of Lions S. s. w. Conquit S. w. Al the coast à long till you come to Poell head S. w. From Poell head til you come to the streit of Malgate S. w. Grauelin S. E. Dunkerk S. E. Hoste Ende S. S. w. Blanke Borow S. S. w. Sluse S. s. w. Ramkinse s. s. w. At Anwerpe E. Newporte s. s. w. Harwich s. s. E. Yermouth s. E. All the coast à longe to VVintertone s. E. Humber E. Scarborrow and à longe the coast to Newcastell s. w. Castell s. s. w. Holly Ilande s. s. w. Barwike s. s. w. South HaÌ„pton S. Blacke Deppes S. Redde Bancke S. Tyne Mouth s. w. Hartle Poule w. S. w. Feylene VV. S. Spo. This I vnderstande very well Phi. Then when you will learne the time that it shall be full sea seke out the towne with the coast of the mone After enter into this table hauing th'age of the mone there stay your finger Then seke in the hier or lower part of the Table for suche a coast as you founde writen To the Reader Heare should come into this Page frendly Reader the table of the Mones ebbinge and flowinge but because the space is not sufficient you shall finde it in an open sheet whiche must here to be annexid A PROFIT ABE TABLE FOR FINDINGE OVT EBBES AND FLVDDES IN THE COASTES of Englande Scotlande Irelande Duchelande and Fraunce THE COATSES OF THE MOONE BEFORE the Full after the Chaunge Th' age of the Mone East East
be x. daies in length I haue receiued suche pleasure in youre instructions But sence the Sonne sumwhat declineth to the weste Ocian I will giue diligent eare vnto your wordes for the short time ther is yet remaining Phil. I reioyse much to vnderstand your feruent desire to knowledge which I will to my vttermost furder And now touching th' Earth consider you that she is lowest of all Elementes blacke ponderous and round inuironid and inclosed within th' other thre She is called the mother of fruites the roote of all plantes the norishe of lyuing creatures the foundation of all buildinges the sepulchre of the dead the Center of the beautifull frame of the world the matter and substaunce of mans body and the receptakle of heauenly influence She is also garnished with fragrāt flowres of Man Beast and Foule inhabited and comfortablie quickened by the norishing beames of the Sōne Mone Planetes and fixed Sterres But you shall note for all that here is spoken that there is great controuersie touching th'Earthes fourme which must be descidid and put away or we can safely procede further As th'opinions of those which affirme th' Earth not to be rounde like à Globe or Boule Those that affirme it to be of pyller forme Those that will not haue it to be the Center of the heauen Those that suppose the Earth to moue with other like But the greatest of all is the errour of those that speake againste the roundnes of th' Earth Wherfore I will touche it principallye whiche thing done th' other are manifest of them selues Spoud You enter into that question in whiche of all other I desire moste especiallie to be satisfied for I also am in that errour if it be an errour to say th' earth is not rounde Philo. Bring forth suche reasons than as inforseth you so to iudge and I will answere them Spou. It semeth sufficient to credit th' Earth not to be round if we consider the greate deepe valleis that are in it the Cities Towres Castels and Trees with suche like placed vpon the face of the Earth but moste of all the hougie and hie Mountaines and Hilles Of whiche some of them are supposed to be 60. miles in height As the Hille in th'Iland Teneriffa whiche Ptolomaeus nameth one of the fortunate Ilandes and is beyonde Hercules Pillers Also an other in Thessalia called of Solinus Olimpus beyng of suche height that the ashes ther daies of Sacrifice beynge ended remaine à whole yeare in the toppe of the same not moued with troublous tēpestes or vehement blastes but thorow his great height is free from all violence of windes What shall I speake of the Hill Caucasus which diuideth Albania Colchis from Sermatia as doth appeare in the seconde Table of Asia in Ptolomaeus Geographie which Aristotle doth esteme to be of such hight that it may be sene at the mouth of the riuer maeotis The distaunce of which is from theforsaid Hill 620. English miles Moreouer you shall see no place but either flat or els full of Hylles Dales Valeis or suche like whiche is farre from â Globe forme figure Phil. Yet do all these wordes nothing cōclude Do you not cōsider that the sight is deceiued in thinges from it farre distaunt And therfore I will in fewe wordes answere you that these Hilles Mountaines Vallies are no more in quantitie respect beyng had to the whole Earth thē the Pittes holes of à rough polished Gūstone to the stone whiche although it be not smoth yet it argueth nothing lesse then this gunstone not to be roūde like a Globe in fourme yea then the bodye of the Earth beyng a rough stone harde not so apt to be polished as the body of the Water doth remaine with such vallies Hilles as you haue saide in manye places these vallies ar filled with water to the more apt proportiō of à Globe Moreouer Nature cōsidering the necessitie of th'inhabitauntes in this Center left suche fourme vnto it as might for ther vse most cōueniently serue Spou. For what cause suppose you th' Earth to be à stone Philo. If it were not à stone but Sande or Clay in substaunce then the water being mixt with it they both should be cōfounded in them selues yea the hie Hilles Moūtaines of which you made mentiō shoulde sinke settle downe to the Center of th' Earth seynge they are so ponderous heauie not be sustained borne vp as they are in the face of th' Earth But for the further cōfirminge you in that which is spoken aunswere me Imagine there were à great rounde trunke of Timber which went thorow the whole Earth directly by the Center then there were à great heauie stone put in at this Trūke how farre suppose you this stone should descende Spoud Vntill the center of th' Earth myddes of the Trunke Philo. In like case if th' earth were not an hard stonie substaunce but Clay or Sāde as to our sightes doth appeare these Hilles rockes beyng much heauier then any stone should in like sort go to the Cēter of th' earth But haue you any other doubtes Spou. Yea verely that is th' Earth to be flat Philo. What prouoketh you so to iudge Spou. This reason that th' Earth must be in forme most agreable to the Heauens And that the Heauēs be flat I can proue by th' authoritie of Lactantius Firmianus Philoni It is truely said that knowledge hath no enemie but ignoraunce There are nowe at these daies no small numbre of Lactantius sort not scrupulous enemies onely but also Physicians of whome I am ashamed to speake they do contempne that knowledge whiche is the greatest suerist token of Gods prouidence for mankind either by peruerse interpreting the scripture or els of mere follie dispisinge that of whiche they neuer tasted are vtterly ignorant in But such wer very ill to be Iudges for they would condemne the man or they knew the crime of whiche he were accused but let that passe As touchyng your opinion that th' Earth is flat I will proue it to be rounde from th' East to the West and in like maner from the North to the South Spou. Then must I nedes graūt that it is in like sorte rounde in all partes Philon. I wyll vse the same argumētes that Cleomedes doeth If th' Earth were flat then the sterres should rise at the same moment to vs that they do to them whiche dwell in th' East parts of the world it should be mid-day with vs them at one instaunt yea the same Starres should set in the Weast in lyke maner with thē and vs. Spoud That they do not I am most sure for at Alexādria à citie in Egipt it is day iij. houres sooner then with vs night in like sorte Yea at Compostell in Spaine which is West from vs the daye begynneth with