which_o set_v with_o the_o sun._n subtract_v the_o lesser_a from_o the_o great_a and_o half_a the_o difference_n be_v the_o ascensional_a difference_n which_o add_v to_o six_o hour_n in_o the_o summer_n half_a year_n but_o subtract_v therefrom_o in_o the_o winter_n half_a year_n give_v half_o the_o diurnal_a arch_n who_o double_a be_v the_o whole_a diurnal_a arch_n and_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o diurnal_a arch_n to_o 24_o hour_n be_v the_o nocturnal_a arch._n for_o example_n the_o ten_o day_n of_o april_n 1687_o the_o oblique_a ascension_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o taurus_n be_v 10_o deg_n 21._o m._n the_o oblique_a descension_n be_v 45_o deg_n 27_o m._n who_o difference_n be_v 35_o deg_n 6._o m._n who_o half_a be_v 17_o deg_n 33_o m._n the_o ascensional_a difference_n which_o be_v add_v to_o 90_o deg_n or_o 6_o hour_n be_v 107_o deg_n 33_o m._n which_o make_v 7_o hour_n 10_o m._n fere_n for_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n set_v which_o be_v always_o half_a the_o diurnal_a arch._n therefore_o the_o diurnal_a arch_n be_v 14_o hour_n 20_o m._n which_o take_v from_o 24_o hour_n there_o remain_v 9_o hour_n 40_o m._n for_o the_o nocturnal_a arch_n require_v note_v that_o the_o ascensional_a difference_n add_v to_o the_o oblique_a ascension_n in_o the_o summer_n half_a year_n but_o subtract_v from_o it_o in_o the_o winter_n half_a year_n give_v the_o right_a ascension_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o any_o of_o the_o star_n what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o day_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v most_o commodious_o apply_v to_o the_o star_n for_o the_o day_n of_o a_o star_n be_v right_o call_v the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o night_n of_o a_o star_n the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v below_o the_o horizon_n concern_v the_o day_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n let_v the_o follow_a theorem_n be_v observe_v 1._o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o star_n have_v a_o perpetual_a equinox_n 2._o but_o in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n the_o fix_a star_n who_o north_n declination_n be_v great_a than_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o eternal_a day_n but_o those_o star_n who_o south_n declination_n exceed_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o eternal_a night_n the_o intermediate_v star_n have_v the_o course_n of_o rise_v and_o set_v 3._o in_o a_o parallel_n sphere_n the_o fix_a star_n be_v say_v to_o have_v eternal_a day_n and_o eternal_a night_n day_n civil_a be_v call_v the_o space_n of_o time_n of_o one_o revolution_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o according_a to_o every_o nation_n or_o country_n be_v divers_a way_n begin_v and_o make_v use_v of_o for_o as_o there_o be_v various_a and_o divers_a nation_n in_o the_o world_n so_o each_o one_o have_v a_o different_a way_n of_o begin_v their_o hour_n for_o the_o jew_n by_o divine_a institution_n begin_v their_o day_n from_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o custom_n the_o italian_n do_v observe_v the_o babylonian_n begin_v their_o day_n from_o sun_n rise_v who_o practice_n the_o norinberger_n the_o people_n call_v the_o umbri_n and_o the_o egyptian_n do_v imitate_v the_o arabian_n as_o the_o astronomer_n begin_v their_o day_n from_o the_o meridian_n the_o roman_n from_o midnight_n the_o german_n the_o frenche_n and_o spainards_n begin_v their_o day_n from_o the_o meridian_n and_o midnight_n for_o their_o clock_n and_o watch_n be_v so_o contrive_v that_o they_o return_v from_o one_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o nighttime_n to_o twelve_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o daytime_n and_o from_o one_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o daytime_n to_o twelve_o a_o clock_n at_o nighttime_n their_o day_n be_v divide_v as_o the_o astronomical_a day_n into_o one_o artificial_a day_n and_o likewise_o into_o forenoon_n and_o afternoon_n and_o because_o hour_n be_v part_n of_o the_o day_n therefore_o we_o must_v speak_v a_o little_a of_o they_o the_o hour_n be_v the_o twenty_o and_o four_o part_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n or_o the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o the_o twenty_o and_o four_o part_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o 15_o degree_n thereof_o rise_v above_o the_o horizon_n but_o this_o definition_n be_v not_o sufficient_a because_o it_o do_v not_o agree_v to_o all_o hour_n for_o every_o twelve_o part_n of_o every_o day_n and_o every_o night_n whatsoever_o be_v call_v by_o the_o jew_n and_o the_o ancient_n a_o hour_n but_o 15_o degree_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a do_v not_o always_o ascend_v above_o the_o horizon_n every_o one_o of_o these_o hour_n but_o sometime_o more_o and_o sometime_o few_o as_o will_v appear_v afterward_o therefore_o a_o hour_n may_v rather_o be_v define_v thus_o a_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n make_v use_v of_o by_o divers_a nation_n after_o a_o divers_a manner_n that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v general_o what_o the_o hour_n be_v for_o in_o effect_n that_o definition_n agree_v only_o to_o to_o those_o hour_n which_o be_v call_v horâ—…_n aequales_fw-la equal_a hour_n the_o hour_n then_o which_o be_v call_v unequal_a aught_o to_o be_v define_v thus_o the_o twelve_o part_n of_o every_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o hour_n be_v sometime_o short_a and_o sometime_o long_o in_o summer_n long_o and_o in_o winter_n short_a as_o be_v thâ—…_n jewish_a hour_n for_o they_o divide_v both_o the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n into_o twelve_o part_n both_o in_o summer_n and_o in_o winter_n call_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o hour_n and_o consequent_o nine_o their_o three_o hour_n twelve_o their_o six_o hour_n three_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n their_o nine_o hour_n and_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o end_n of_o their_o twelve_o hour_n by_o which_o mean_n their_o hour_n must_v be_v far_o long_o in_o summer_n than_o in_o winter_n the_o equal_a hour_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n for_o some_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o italian_a hour_n other_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o be_v the_o babylonish_n hour_n and_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o city_n of_o norimberg_n who_o from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n begin_v the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n the_o circle_n of_o which_o hour_n do_v light_o touch_v the_o great_a parallel_n of_o all_o which_o do_v appear_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o of_o all_o which_o do_v not_o appear_v last_o other_o do_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o meridian_n which_o astronomer_n make_v use_v of_o and_o these_o nation_n which_o either_o take_v their_o beginning_n of_o hour_n from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o same_o circle_n or_o from_o the_o inferior_a part_n chap._n xiii_o concern_v year_n as_o hour_n make_v up_o day_n so_o day_n make_v up_o year_n therefore_o we_o must_v speak_v somewhat_o of_o year_n the_o year_n than_o be_v twofold_a astronomical_a and_o political_n the_o astronomical_a year_n be_v the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o the_o sun_n return_v either_o to_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o to_o the_o same_o fix_a star._n and_o this_o be_v twofold_a the_o tropical_a year_n call_v annus_fw-la vertens_fw-la or_o the_o syderial_a year_n annus_fw-la vertens_fw-la be_v a_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o the_o sun_n leave_v some_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a return_v again_o to_o the_o same_o point_n the_o quantity_n of_o this_o year_n be_v changeable_a for_o sometime_o it_o be_v more_o and_o sometime_o it_o be_v less_o between_o these_o two_o extreme_n the_o middle_a year_n contain_v 365_o day_n hour_n 5_o m._n 49_o sec._n 15._o three_o 46._o but_o the_o true_a or_o apparent_a year_n be_v sometime_o 365_o day_n hour_n 5_o min._n 56._o sec._n 53_o three_o 1._o sometime_o it_o be_v 365_o day_n hour_n 5_o min._n 42_o sec._n 28_o three_o 27._o the_o syderial_a year_n be_v a_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o the_o sun_n under_o the_o starry_a sky_n return_v to_o the_o same_o fix_a star._n the_o quantity_n of_o this_o year_n be_v 365_o day_n hour_n 6_o min._n 6_o sec._n 39_o it_o be_v always_o equal_a to_o itself_o and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o year_n call_v annus_fw-la vertens_fw-la the_o beginning_n of_o this_o annus_fw-la vertens_fw-la be_v take_v from_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n but_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o syderial_a year_n from_o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n the_o political_a year_n be_v a_o annual_a space_n of_o time_n which_o be_v either_o accommodate_v to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o moon_n or_o to_o both_o according_a to_o the_o common_a reckon_n of_o several_a country_n
and_o nation_n this_o political_a year_n be_v manifold_a for_o it_o be_v either_o julian_n which_o contain_v 365_o day_n hour_n 6_o which_o six_o hour_n if_o they_o be_v reckon_v every_o year_n will_v make_v confusion_n therefore_o the_o master_n of_o astronomy_n have_v appoint_v they_o shall_v be_v omit_v till_o the_o four_o year_n and_o then_o four_o time_n six_o make_v 24_o which_o make_v up_o a_o full_a and_o complete_a day_n which_o be_v inter_v call_v that_o be_v interlace_v or_o put_v between_o as_o in_o leap_v year_n there_o be_v a_o day_n put_v between_o the_o 28_o of_o february_n and_o the_o first_o of_o march_n the_o year_n be_v call_v annus_fw-la intercalaris_fw-la or_o bissextile_a year_n it_o be_v to_o be_v advert_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o correct_v the_o julian_n calendar_n by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o 13_o in_o the_o year_n 1582_o be_v the_o unjust_a quantity_n of_o it_o for_o by_o this_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o after_o some_o age_n the_o four_o cardinal_n point_n do_v anticipate_v and_o prevent_v their_o seat_n and_o so_o at_o length_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n may_v be_v interchange_v from_o this_o it_o be_v evident_a this_o day_n that_o according_a to_o these_o time_n the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o 12_o sign_n have_v anticipate_v almost_o 13_o degree_n that_o be_v the_o entering_z of_o the_o sun_n into_o aries_n taurus_n etc._n etc._n fall_v out_o soon_o by_o 13_o degree_n than_o to_o the_o roman_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v because_o more_o than_o what_o be_v just_a be_v give_v to_o the_o space_n of_o the_o year_n for_o there_o be_v give_v to_o the_o year_n by_o the_o correction_n of_o julius_n cesar_n 365_o day_n and_o six_o hour_n for_o which_o hour_n every_o four_o year_n one_o day_n be_v add_v and_o so_o the_o common_a julian_n year_n contain_v 365_o day_n but_o the_o bissextile_a 366._o but_o see_v the_o solar_a year_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n run_v through_o the_o whole_a ecliptic_a be_v less_o than_o this_o space_n by_o almost_o eleven_o minute_n of_o time_n every_o year_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o 50_o year_n and_o a_o half_a one_o hour_n remain_v and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 130_o year_n a_o whole_a day_n remain_v i_o say_v the_o political_a year_n be_v manifold_a either_o julian_n of_o which_o hitherto_o or_o egyptian_a or_o judaical_a the_o egyptian_a year_n contain_v always_o 365_o day_n this_o year_n be_v esteem_v most_o useful_a by_o the_o ancient_a astronomer_n for_o the_o art_n of_o reckon_v the_o celestial_a motion_n the_o judaical_a year_n be_v accommodate_v and_o fit_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o contain_v for_o the_o great_a part_n twelve_z and_o sometime_o thirteen_o lunation_n this_o year_n do_v the_o astronomer_n use_v before_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o calendar_n institute_v by_o julius_n cesar_n by_o the_o help_n of_o one_o sosigenes_n a_o famous_a and_o learned_a mathematician_n the_o beginning_n of_o these_o year_n be_v divers_a also_o for_o the_o ancient_a roman_n begin_v their_o year_n from_o march_n the_o late_a roman_n from_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n call_v bruma_n the_o jew_n by_o divine_a institution_n begin_v their_o year_n from_o the_o new_a moon_n which_o be_v next_o after_o to_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n that_o we_o this_o day_n begin_v our_o year_n from_o the_o first_o of_o january_n it_o be_v for_o this_o because_o we_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o late_a roman_n begin_v their_o year_n from_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o first_o of_o january_n by_o little_a and_o little_a the_o winter_n solstice_n do_v prevent_v and_o anticipat_v its_o seat_n and_o place_n the_o egyptian_a year_n have_v not_o a_o sure_a beginning_n by_o reason_n that_o six_o hour_n be_v omit_v hence_o be_v it_o that_o every_o four_o year_n it_o anticipat_v one_o day_n and_o therefore_o within_o 365_o year_n four_o time_n number_v or_o 1460_o julian_n year_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o egyptian_a year_n wander_v over_o all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o julian_n year_n chap._n fourteen_o concern_v the_o divers_a phenomena_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o various_a position_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o last_o part_n of_o this_o little_a tractat_fw-la shall_v be_v in_o examine_v the_o phenomena_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n and_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o sphere_n may_v have_v seven_o different_a position_n 1._o when_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n do_v rest_n in_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v call_v a_o right_a sphere_n the_o second_o position_n be_v oblique_a when_o our_o vertical_a point_n be_v terminate_v between_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o either_o of_o the_o tropic_n the_o three_o position_n be_v when_o our_o zenith_n be_v under_o either_o of_o the_o tropic_n the_o four_o be_v when_o our_o zenith_n be_v between_o either_o of_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o neighbour_a polar_a the_o five_o be_v when_o our_o zenith_n be_v in_o the_o very_a polar_a itself_o the_o six_o be_v when_o our_o zenith_n be_v between_o either_o of_o the_o polar_n and_o the_o neighbour_a pole_n of_o the_o world._n and_o last_o when_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n do_v fall_n in_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v call_v a_o parallel_n sphere_n chap._n xv._n concern_v the_o phenomena_n of_o the_o first_o position_n 1._o every_o star_n in_o the_o heaven_n rise_v and_o set_v neither_o be_v there_o one_o of_o they_o without_o this_o property_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o position_n there_o be_v neither_o polar_a arctic_a nor_o antarctic_a according_a to_o the_o ancient_n 2._o there_o be_v here_o a_o perpetual_a equinox_n 3._o the_o sun_n every_o year_n pass_v twice_o over_o their_o head_n be_v to_o they_o twice_o vertical_a to_o wit_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n 4._o as_o much_o as_o the_o sun_n decline_v from_o their_o vertical_a point_n towards_o the_o north_n as_o much_o also_o do_v he_o decline_v from_o their_o vertical_a point_n towards_o the_o south_n 5._o they_o have_v four_o solstice_n two_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o their_o vertical_a point_n and_o two_o when_o he_o be_v low_a in_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n 6._o they_o have_v two_o summer_n and_o two_o winter_n but_o only_o analogical_o for_o even_o in_o winter_n their_o body_n be_v scorch_v with_o heat_n 7._o there_o be_v here_o in_o this_o position_n five_o different_a shadow_n the_o meridional_a or_o south_n shadow_n the_o north_n shadow_n a_o shadow_n from_o the_o east_n a_o shadow_n from_o the_o west_n and_o a_o perpendicular_a shadow_n which_o fall_v out_o only_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n 8._o the_o end_n or_o extremity_n of_o their_o gnomon_n upon_o their_o horizontal_n diall_n which_o be_v our_o polar_a diall_n describe_v the_o whole_a year_n the_o figure_n call_v hyperbole_n except_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n where_o he_o describe_v a_o straight_a and_o right_a line_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o phenomena_n of_o the_o second_o position_n 1._o some_o northern_a star_n tarry_v always_o above_o our_o horizon_n have_v eternal_a day_n and_o contrariwise_o there_o be_v some_o about_o the_o south_n pole_n which_o never_o come_v above_o the_o horizon_n but_o have_v eternal_a night_n 2._o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a circle_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o equal_a to_o our_o polar_n 3._o the_o artificial_a day_n be_v not_o equal_a to_o its_o own_o night_n two_o day_n only_o except_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n at_o which_o time_n there_o be_v through_o the_o whole_a world_n a_o equinox_n 4._o the_o long_a day_n there_o do_v not_o exceed_v thirteen_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a 5._o the_o sun_n be_v to_o they_o twice_o vertical_a every_o year_n to_o wit_n when_o he_o come_v to_o those_o degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a who_o declination_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n for_o he_o describe_v then_o a_o parallel_n through_o the_o zenith_n 6._o the_o sun_n in_o the_o meridian_n go_v further_a towards_o the_o south_n than_o towards_o the_o north._n note_v that_o we_o be_v now_o speak_v and_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n of_o those_o seven_o position_n which_o be_v in_o the_o northern_a sphere_n 7._o there_o be_v here_o four_o solstice_n two_o high_a and_o two_o low_a the_o two_o high_a fall_n out_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o that_o parallel_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o zenith_n the_o two_o low_a be_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o tropic_n yet_o that_o which_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n be_v low_a than_o that_o which_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n 8._o they_o have_v two_o summer_n
equinoctial_a point_n by_o its_o mutual_a section_n with_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o which_o point_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v exist_v there_o be_v a_o universal_a equinox_n over_o the_o whole_a earth_n 2._o it_o be_v divide_v the_o ecliptic_a into_o two_o half_n the_o one_o call_v the_o north_n part_n the_o other_o the_o south_n part_n 3._o it_o distinguish_v the_o sign_n in_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v exist_v the_o day_n be_v long_o than_o the_o night_n from_o those_o sign_n in_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v exist_v the_o night_n be_v long_o than_o the_o day_n the_o proper_a uses_n of_o the_o solstice_n colour_n be_v 1._o it_o demonstrat_n to_o we_o the_o two_o solstice_n point_n in_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v exist_v he_o be_v either_o near_a to_o our_o zenith_n or_o further_a remove_v from_o it_o 2._o upon_o this_o colour_n we_o reckon_v the_o sun_n great_a declination_n or_o the_o great_a obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v this_o day_n twenty_o three_o degree_n and_o thirty_o minute_n 3._o it_o divide_v the_o zodiac_n into_o two_o half_n the_o one_o call_v ascend_v the_o other_o descend_v 4._o it_o distinguish_v the_o sign_n in_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v exist_v the_o day_n become_v long_o and_o the_o night_n become_v short_a from_o those_o sign_n in_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v exist_v the_o night_n become_v long_o and_o the_o day_n become_v short_a 5._o in_o this_o circle_n be_v the_o two_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o many_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o great_a obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a contain_v 6._o upon_o this_o colour_n the_o latitude_n of_o the_o zone_n be_v determine_v for_o between_o the_o tropic_n be_v contain_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o near_a polar_a circle_n be_v contain_v the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n and_o the_o other_o two_o remain_a arch_n of_o this_o circle_n contain_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o two_o frigid_a or_o cold_a zone_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o horizon_n the_o horizon_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n immovable_a and_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o vertical_a point_n it_o be_v call_v immovable_a that_o it_o may_v be_v difference_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o movable_a circle_n but_o especial_o first_o from_o their_o equinoctial_a who_o live_v under_o the_o pole_n second_o from_o their_o ecliptic_a who_o zenith_n be_v place_v in_o the_o polar_a circle_n for_o their_o ecliptic_a every_o day_n be_v twice_o unite_a with_o their_o horizon_n but_o without_o delay_n three_o from_o their_o circle_n of_o declination_n or_o their_o colour_n who_o live_v under_o the_o line_n for_o there_o the_o forementioned_a circle_n and_o the_o horizon_n be_v twice_o by_o every_o revolution_n of_o the_o sphere_n unite_v but_o the_o circle_n of_o declination_n follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n but_o the_o horizon_n stand_v immovable_a the_o horizon_n be_v say_v indeed_o to_o be_v immovable_a but_o not_o unchangeable_a for_o there_o be_v as_o many_o orison_n as_o there_o be_v vertical_a point_n and_o while_o we_o change_v our_o vertical_a point_n of_o necessity_n we_o change_v our_o horizon_n also_o two_o way_n be_v the_o horizon_n divide_v first_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o be_v call_v a_o right_a horizon_n a_o oblique_a horizon_n and_o a_o parallel_n horizon_n the_o right_a horizon_n be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o cut_v the_o equinoctial_a at_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v call_v oblique_a because_o it_o cut_v the_o equinoctial_a at_o oblique_a angle_n and_o it_o be_v call_v a_o parallel_n horizon_n when_o it_o lie_v parallel_v to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o rather_o when_o it_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o according_a to_o this_o relation_n it_o have_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o sphere_n itself_o have_v obtain_v the_o same_o division_n second_o the_o horizon_n be_v either_o rational_a or_o sensible_a the_o rational_a horizon_n be_v defiâ—…ed_v above_o and_o be_v understand_v to_o divide_v the_o whole_a world_n or_o sphere_n of_o the_o world_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v call_v the_o uppermost_a hemisphere_n the_o second_o the_o nethermost_a hemisphere_n it_o be_v call_v rational_a because_o though_o we_o can_v see_v the_o whole_a world_n or_o the_o exact_a half_a of_o it_o yet_o reason_n tell_v we_o by_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n that_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o superior_a part_n the_o sensible_a horizon_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o so_o much_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o man_n by_o turn_v his_o eye_n once_o do_v behold_v round_o about_o he_o the_o use_v of_o the_o horizon_n be_v these_o first_o it_o divide_v that_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v see_v from_o the_o other_o which_o be_v not_o see_v the_o superior_a part_n from_o the_o inferior_a part_n 2._o through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o meridian_n ought_v to_o pass_v therefore_o the_o description_n of_o the_o meridian_n depend_v from_o the_o horizon_n 3._o by_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o horizon_n we_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o right_a sphere_n oblique_a sphere_n or_o a_o parallel_n sphere_n 4._o in_o the_o horizon_n the_o rise_n or_o set_v of_o the_o star_n be_v observe_v 5._o the_o horizon_n show_v what_o degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a what_o part_n also_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o what_o degree_n with_o any_o give_a point_n of_o the_o heaven_n rise_v or_o set_v 6._o it_o bound_v and_o terminat_n the_o ascensional_a difference_n 7._o upon_o the_o horizon_n be_v number_v the_o rise_n or_o set_v amplitude_n of_o any_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n 8._o it_o demonstrat_n and_o show_v the_o cause_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o equality_n of_o day_n and_o night_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n and_o of_o the_o unequality_n of_o the_o same_o in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n for_o the_o horizon_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n cut_v all_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n equal_o but_o unequal_o in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n 9_o from_o the_o horizon_n we_o number_v the_o morning-twilight_n for_o when_o the_o sun_n â—…s_v distant_a in_o some_o vertical_a circle_n 18_o or_o 19_o degreee_n from_o the_o horizon_n so_o that_o â—…rom_o that_o moment_n he_o approach_v near_o â—…nd_v near_o unto_o it_o then_o begin_v the_o morning-twilight_n but_o the_o evening-twilight_n end_v when_o the_o sun_n after_o his_o setâ—…ing_n come_v to_o that_o 18_o or_o 19_o degree_n â—…oresaid_a for_o than_o do_v the_o light_n turn_v â—…nto_o darkness_n 10._o from_o the_o horizon_n we_o number_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n â—…nd_v equinoctial_a 11._o from_o the_o horiâ—…on_n be_v number_v various_a and_o divers_a â—…inds_n of_o hour_n as_o the_o italic_a and_o jewish_a nocturnal_a hour_n from_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o horizon_n but_o the_o babylonish_n hour_n â—…nd_v the_o jewish_a unequal_a diurnal_a hour_n â—…rom_o the_o east_n part_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o meridian_n the_o meridian_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o sphere_n pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n by_o the_o word_n through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o horary_a circle_n of_o which_o none_o but_o itself_o pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n it_o have_v acquire_v divers_a and_o sundry_a name_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o manifold_a use_n by_o astrologer_n which_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o repeat_v now_o what_o be_v say_v above_o concern_v the_o colour_n and_o circle_n of_o declination_n to_o wit_n that_o they_o be_v in_o number_n equal_a to_o the_o vertical_a point_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o meridian_n for_o as_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v imagine_v as_o there_o be_v vertical_a point_n which_o be_v infinite_a provide_v a_o man_n travel_n from_o east_n to_o west_n for_o if_o a_o man_n go_v from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o from_o south_n to_o north_n he_o travel_v round_o about_o the_o world_n without_o variation_n of_o his_o meridian_n the_o brazen_a meridian_n in_o the_o celestial_a or_o terrestrial_a globe_n supply_v the_o office_n of_o they_o all_o which_o be_v innumerable_a but_o in_o geographical_a table_n and_o map_n geographer_n use_v to_o extend_v one_o meridian_n through_o two_o and_o two_o opposite_a degree_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o find_v out_o the_o more_o easy_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n of_o all_o these_o meridian_n there_n be_v a_o common_a beginning_n seâ—…led_v in_o the_o fortunate_a or_o canary_n island_n because_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n deem_v those_o island_n to_o be_v the_o westmost_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o they_o
rise_v acronyce_n we_o have_v also_o a_o example_n of_o the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n acronyce_n from_o the_o same_o ovid_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o his_o fast_n illa_fw-la nocte_fw-la aliquis_fw-la tollens_fw-la ad_fw-la sidera_fw-la vultus_fw-la dicet_fw-la ubi_fw-la est_fw-la hodie_fw-la quae_fw-la lyra_n fulsit_fw-la heri_fw-la last_o night_n when_o i_o survey_v the_o sky_n see_v the_o harp_n it_o be_v go_v away_o this_o night_n this_o time_n be_v the_o second_o day_n of_o feâ—…uary_n at_o which_o time_n the_o constellation_n â—…lled_v the_o harp_n set_v acronyce_n with_o the_o â—…u_n we_o have_v likewise_o a_o example_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n heliace_n from_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o georgic_n gnosiaque_fw-la arden_n decedat_fw-la stella_fw-la coronae_fw-la when_o ariadne_n crown_n full_a bright_a before_o the_o sun_n come_v in_o our_o sight_n it_o be_v evidenâ—…_n that_o virgil_n speak_v here_o of_o the_o rise_n of_o this_o constellation_n heliace_n call_v aridnes_n crown_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o scorpio_n for_o see_v this_o constellation_n rise_v at_o rome_n where_o virgil_n live_v with_o the_o 27_o degree_n of_o virgo_fw-la it_o be_v needful_a to_o conceive_v this_o crown_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o morning_n the_o sun_n be_v yet_o under_o the_o horizon_n note_v that_o there_o be_v a_o figure_n call_v hypallage_n in_o the_o word_n decedat_fw-la for_o the_o crown_n do_v not_o recede_v from_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o sun_n from_o it_o and_o last_o we_o have_v a_o example_n of_o the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n heliace_n from_o the_o same_o place_n of_o virgil._n taurus_n &_o adverso_fw-la cedens_fw-la canis_fw-la occidit_fw-la astro._n and_o when_o the_o dog_n shall_v disappear_v by_o phoebus_n beam_n he_o come_v near_o the_o poet_n be_v here_o speak_v of_o the_o sun_n ingress_n into_o taurus_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o virgil_n time_n on_o the_o 1â—…_n of_o april_n but_o see_v the_o dog-star_n set_v at_o rome_n with_o the_o 22_o degree_n of_o taurus_n therefore_o the_o sun_n set_v in_o the_o evening_n the_o dog-star_n set_v heliace_n or_o disappear_v out_o of_o our_o sight_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n ray_n which_o now_o be_v near_o he_o observe_v that_o what_o star_n do_v arise_v cosmice_fw-la which_o be_v also_o call_v ortus_fw-la matutinus_fw-la they_o set_v acronyce_n which_o be_v call_v occasus_fw-la vespertinus_fw-la and_o what_o star_n do_v arise_v acronyce_n which_o be_v call_v ortus_fw-la vespertinus_fw-la they_o set_v cosmice_fw-la which_o be_v call_v occasus_fw-la matutinus_fw-la according_a to_o the_o follow_a rhyme_n cosmice_fw-la descendit_fw-la signum_fw-la quod_fw-la chronice_fw-la surgit_fw-la chronice_fw-la descendit_fw-la signum_fw-la quod_fw-la cosmice_fw-la surgit_fw-la aliter_fw-la mane_fw-la vehit_fw-la supra_fw-la terram_fw-la tibi_fw-la cosmicus_fw-la ortus_fw-la sidera_fw-la sed_fw-la phoebi_fw-la lumine_fw-la tecta_fw-la latent_fw-la mane_fw-la that_o heliacus_fw-la quaedam_fw-la subvecta_fw-la videre_fw-la astra_fw-la sed_fw-la achronycus_fw-la nocte_fw-la videnda_fw-la trahit_fw-la note_n second_o that_o the_o word_n cosmicus_n come_v from_o kosmos_fw-la the_o world._n that_o the_o word_n chronicus_n come_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n chronos_n time._n but_o acronycus_fw-la come_v from_o acra_n &_o nux_fw-la which_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o night_n or_o the_o evening_n twilight_n that_o heliacus_fw-la come_v from_o helios_n the_o sun._n last_o that_o chronice_fw-la and_o acronyce_n have_v the_o same_o signification_n chap._n xii_o concern_v the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a day_n now_o follow_v another_o phenomenon_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n to_o wit_n the_o doctrine_n of_o day_n natural_a and_o artificial_a day_n be_v twofold_a astronomical_a and_o civil_a astronomical_a day_n be_v such_o as_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o determine_v by_o a_o certain_a quantity_n day_n civil_a be_v such_o as_o every_o nation_n according_a to_o their_o own_o custom_n make_v use_n of_o the_o astronomical_a day_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a astronomical_a day_n be_v a_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o the_o sun_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n be_v carry_v about_o from_o whatsoever_o immovable_a point_n of_o the_o heaven_n return_v to_o that_o same_o point_n again_o these_o astronomical_a day_n have_v their_o beginning_n in_o the_o meridian_n as_o be_v insinuate_v before_o the_o artificial_a astronomical_a day_n be_v a_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o artificial_a night_n be_v as_o much_o time_n as_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n remain_v under_o the_o horizon_n the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o follow_a theorem_n 1._o the_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n with_o the_o amphiscii_n heteroscii_n and_o partly_o with_o the_o periscii_n be_v part_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n but_o with_o the_o periscii_n in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o sun_n by_o the_o go_n about_o of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n perfect_v some_o circumgyration_n either_o above_o the_o horizon_n without_o set_v or_o under_o the_o horizon_n without_o rise_v one_o artificial_a day_n or_o one_o artificial_a night_n do_v excresce_fw-it into_o many_o natural_a day_n so_o that_o indeed_o under_o the_o pole_n the_o artificial_a day_n contain_v half_o a_o year_n and_o the_o artificial_a night_n as_o much_o and_o so_o to_o speak_v proper_o the_o whole_a year_n consist_v but_o of_o one_o day_n man_n look_v to_o the_o analogy_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n 2._o under_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o artificial_a day_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n for_o the_o horizon_n in_o this_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n cut_v the_o circuli_fw-la dierum_fw-la the_o day-circle_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n the_o day-circle_n be_v call_v those_o parallel_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o the_o sun_n do_v daily_o describe_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n 3._o in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n there_o be_v only_o twice_o a_o year_n two_o equinox_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o appear_v from_o the_o mutual_a section_n of_o the_o horizon_n with_o the_o circuli_fw-la dierum_fw-la or_o day-circle_n which_o be_v indeed_o unequal_a except_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a 4._o in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n which_o have_v the_o vicissitude_n of_o the_o artificial_a and_o natural_a day_n by_o one_o revolution_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la the_o sun_n be_v in_o the._n tropic_n of_o cancer_n we_o be_v now_o speak_v of_o this_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o sphere_n we_o have_v the_o long_a day_n in_o all_o the_o year_n and_o the_o short_a night_n but_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o winter_n solstice_n the_o day_n be_v short_a and_o the_o night_n long_a 5._o in_o the_o same_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n through_o the_o whole_a half_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a descend_v the_o sun_n make_v the_o follow_a day_n short_a than_o the_o day_n go_v before_o but_o the_o night_n long_o but_o in_o the_o half_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a ascend_n the_o sun_n make_v the_o day_n follow_v long_o than_o the_o day_n go_v before_o but_o the_o night_n short_a 6._o when_o the_o sun_n be_v exist_v in_o place_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a equal_o distant_a from_o the_o same_o solstitial_a point_n day_n be_v equal_a to_o day_n and_o night_n to_o night_n 7._o when_o the_o sun_n be_v exist_v in_o place_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a equal_o distant_a from_o the_o same_o equinoctial_a point_n the_o day_n of_o one_o place_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n of_o another_o 8._o in_o a_o oblique_a position_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o great_a the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v the_o great_a be_v the_o increment_n of_o the_o long_a day_n and_o short_a night_n until_o come_v under_o the_o polar_n the_o long_a day_n contain_v twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n 9_o in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n of_o such_o as_o dwell_v between_o the_o polar_a and_o next_o pole_n the_o long_a day_n excresce_v into_o many_o natural_a day_n as_o also_o the_o long_a night_n but_o there_o be_v certain_a intermediat_a horary_a circle_n a_o part_n of_o which_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o a_o part_n under_o in_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v exist_v the_o artificial_a day_n as_o also_o the_o night_n be_v part_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n 10._o in_o a_o parallel_n sphere_n such_o as_o they_o have_v who_o live_v under_o the_o pole_n the_o whole_a year_n be_v divide_v into_o one_o artificial_a day_n and_o one_o artificial_a night_n the_o length_n of_o every_o artificial_a day_n be_v know_v by_o the_o diurnal_a and_o nocturnal_a arch._n first_o find_v the_o oblique_a ascension_n or_o point_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o rise_v with_o the_o sun_n and_o oblique_a descension_n or_o point_v of_o the_o equinoctial_a
and_o two_o winter_n but_o unequal_a as_o appear_v from_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o parallel_n 9_o the_o long_a day_n be_v not_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o high_a solstice_n but_o in_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n 10._o there_o be_v five_o different_a shadow_n as_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o position_n 11._o the_o end_n or_o extremity_n of_o the_o gnomon_n by_o its_o shadow_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v out_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a describe_v as_o in_o the_o first_o position_n the_o figure_n call_v hyperbole_n but_o the_o opposite_a side_n be_v not_o equal_a as_o there_o but_o unequal_a 12._o in_o any_o part_n of_o this_o position_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v less_o than_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o shadow_n of_o a_o style_n perpendicular_o erect_v upon_o a_o plain_a may_v have_v a_o natural_a visible_a retrocession_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o ahaz_n his_o dial_n the_o retrogradation_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v miraculous_a because_o it_o be_v do_v without_o and_o not_o within_o the_o tropic_n neither_o be_v it_o possible_a in_o nature_n it_o can_v happen_v but_o where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v less_o than_o the_o sun_n declination_n which_o be_v only_o within_o the_o tropic_n but_o the_o foresay_a dial_n be_v place_v far_o without_o to_o wit_n under_o the_o latitude_n of_o 35_o degree_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o phenomena_n of_o the_o three_o position_n 1._o all_o the_o star_n which_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o north_n polar_a remain_v always_o above_o the_o horizon_n neither_o do_v they_o ever_o set_v unless_o it_o be_v by_o a_o general_a set_a heliace_n and_o contrariwise_o all_o the_o star_n which_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o south_n polar_a have_v a_o perpetual_a night_n therefore_o the_o polar_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_n be_v now_o equal_a to_o our_o polar_n 2._o the_o long_a artificial_a day_n be_v when_o the_o sun_n pass_v over_o our_o zenith_n the_o short_a when_o the_o sun_n be_v far_a in_o the_o meridian_n remove_v from_o it_o 3._o once_o a_o year_n only_o be_v the_o sun_n vertical_a to_o wit_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n 4._o the_o sun_n in_o the_o meridian_n never_o descend_v from_o the_o zenith_n towards_o the_o north_n but_o return_v from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n he_o be_v always_o in_o the_o south_n 5._o there_o be_v here_o but_o two_o solstice_n one_o high_a another_o low_a the_o high_a when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o low_a when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n 6._o the_o day_n be_v long_a when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n it_o be_v short_a when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n 7._o there_o be_v one_o summer_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o zenith_n and_o one_o winter_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o winter_n solstice_n 8._o they_o have_v four_o different_a shadow_n one_o perpendicular_a one_o oriental_a one_o occidental_a and_o one_o meridional_a here_o begin_v the_o heteroscii_n for_o the_o meridional_a shadow_n begin_v there_o to_o decay_v that_o be_v the_o shadow_n project_v towards_o the_o south_n 9_o the_o extremity_n or_o end_n of_o their_o gnomon_n upon_o their_o dial_n describe_v also_o the_o figure_n call_v hyperbole_n the_o side_n opposite_a be_v unequal_a chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o phenomena_n of_o the_o four_o position_n as_o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a of_o the_o ancient_n be_v great_a than_o our_o polar_n so_o there_o be_v more_o star_n in_o this_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n see_v perpetual_o and_o more_o perpetual_o lurk_v under_o the_o horizon_n than_o in_o the_o last_o position_n 2._o the_o unequality_n of_o day_n and_o night_n be_v also_o augment_v the_o artificial_a day_n be_v at_o the_o long_a when_o the_o sun_n come_v near_a to_o our_o zenith_n and_o at_o the_o short_a when_o he_o be_v further_a remove_v from_o it_o and_o as_o the_o short_a artificial_a day_n can_v be_v less_o than_o 13_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a so_o the_o long_a day_n can_v be_v 24_o hour_n this_o least_o artificial_a day_n be_v true_o the_o long_a day_n our_o vertical_a point_n come_v near_o to_o the_o tropic_a it_o be_v call_v the_o least_o artificial_a day_n because_o it_o be_v the_o short_a of_o all_o the_o long_a day_n which_o can_v arise_v from_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o vertical_a point_n between_o the_o tropic_a and_o the_o polar_a and_o therefore_o itis_fw-la not_o call_v minimum_n the_o least_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n of_o the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o long_a day_n which_o may_v be_v find_v between_o the_o tropic_a and_o polar_a the_o long_a day_n in_o this_o four_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o zenith_n come_v near_o to_o our_o tropic_n can_v be_v less_o than_o 13_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a as_o the_o long_a day_n can_v contain_v 24_o hour_n for_o this_o come_v to_o pass_v when_o the_o zenith_n be_v in_o the_o polar_a therefore_o we_o must_v read_v as_o the_o short_a artificial_a long_a day_n can_v be_v less_o than_o 13_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a etc._n etc._n 3._o the_o sun_n can_v never_o come_v to_o their_o zenith_n neither_o can_v he_o ever_o touch_v light_o stringere_fw-la their_o horizon_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n 4._o there_o be_v two_o solstice_n one_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o cancer_n and_o high_a another_o low_a when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n 5._o there_o be_v one_o summer_n and_o one_o winter_n 6._o there_o be_v only_o three_o different_a shadow_n one_o oriental_a the_o second_o occidental_a and_o the_o three_o northern_a 7._o the_o extremity_n or_o end_n of_o their_o gnomon_n fix_v upon_o the_o ground_n perpendicular_o describe_v as_o yet_o hyperbole_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o phenomena_n of_o the_o five_o position_n all_o the_o star_n who_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v great_a than_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a either_o do_v not_o set_v under_o the_o horizon_n if_o they_o be_v northern_a star_n and_o do_v not_o rise_v above_o the_o horizon_n if_o they_o be_v southern_a star_n therefore_o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a of_o the_o ancient_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o tropic_n 2._o the_o long_a day_n contain_v 24_o hour_n and_o then_o there_o be_v no_o night_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o long_a night_n consist_v of_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n and_o the_o artificial_a short_a day_n be_v nothing_o 3._o the_o sun_n every_o year_n touch_v light_o the_o border_n of_o the_o horizon_n twice_o without_o rise_v and_o set_v namely_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o tropic_n 4._o the_o sun_n at_o twelve_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o day_n be_v always_o south_n nevertheless_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o half_a of_o his_o body_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o north_n at_o 12_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n 5._o there_o be_v here_o two_o solstice_n one_o high_a in_o cancer_n the_o other_o low_o in_o capricorn_n but_o according_a to_o the_o similitude_n of_o solstice_n which_o be_v in_o other_o zone_n we_o may_v say_v there_o be_v three_o solstice_n there_o one_o high_a in_o cancer_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o the_o meridian_n to_o wit_n 47_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o tropic_n there_o be_v two_o low_a of_o which_o one_o be_v in_o the_o same_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n towards_o the_o north_n when_o he_o touch_v light_o the_o border_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o other_o in_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n where_o he_o also_o light_o touch_v the_o border_n of_o the_o horizon_n 6._o there_o be_v one_o summer_n and_o one_o winter_n 7._o there_o be_v four_o different_a shadow_n one_o eastern_a one_o western_a one_o northern_a and_o one_o southern_a though_o this_o happen_v but_o once_o a_o year_n the_o sun_n shine_v with_o the_o half_a only_o of_o his_o ray_n which_o make_v the_o light_n more_o obscure_a and_o dark_a than_o when_o he_o shine_v with_o his_o full_a ray_n here_o begin_v the_o heteroscii_n 8._o the_o extremity_n or_o end_n of_o the_o gnomon_n describe_v the_o figure_n call_v parabola_fw-la upon_o the_o horizontal_n dial_n but_o a_o hyperbole_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v go_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a whereas_o on_o all_o other_o plain_n he_o describe_v always_o straight_o and_o right_a line_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o phenomena_n of_o the_o six_o position_n there_o be_v very_o few_o star_n which_o can_v rise_v or_o set_v to_o wit_n those_o only_a who_o declination_n be_v less_o than_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o tropic_n because_o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a circle_n comprehend_v within_o they_o the_o star_n which_o
the_o oblique_a and_o right_a circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n it_o be_v call_v by_o divers_a name_n for_o sometime_o it_o be_v call_v the_o equator_fw-la sometime_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o sometime_o the_o middle_a and_o great_a of_o the_o parallel_n the_o use_v and_o office_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v these_o 1._o it_o measure_v the_o first_o motion_n for_o this_o circle_n of_o all_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n under_o any_o position_n whatsoever_o move_v equal_o and_o therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v also_o the_o measure_n of_o time_n it_o be_v most_o fit_a for_o determine_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o artificial_a and_o natural_a day_n for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v call_v by_o some_o tempora_fw-la time_n 2._o it_o point_v forth_o to_o we_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o two_o equinoctial_a point_n those_o point_n in_o which_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o ecliptic_a cut_v one_o another_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n for_o when_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o these_o point_n the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n be_v of_o equal_a length_n over_o all_o the_o earth_n which_o fall_v out_o on_o the_o 10_o or_o 11_o of_o march_n and_o on_o the_o 13_o or_o 14_o of_o september_n 3._o that_o which_o be_v anomolous_a and_o irregular_a in_o the_o oblique_a motion_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o sure_a rule_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a 4._o it_o divide_v the_o sphere_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n the_o one_o call_v the_o north_n part_n in_o which_o be_v the_o pole_n name_v polus_n septentrionalis_n boreus_n or_o articus_n the_o other_o call_v the_o south_n part_n in_o which_o be_v the_o pole_n name_v polus_n australis_fw-la meridionalis_fw-la or_o antarticus_n 5._o by_o this_o mean_n it_o divide_v the_o zodiac_n into_o six_o sign_n call_v northern_a sign_n and_o into_o other_o six_o call_v southern_a sign_n 6._o from_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v number_v the_o declination_n of_o all_o and_o whatsoever_o point_v in_o heaven_n as_o well_o south_n as_o north._n the_o declination_n of_o any_o point_n or_o star_n be_v a_o arch_n of_o a_o circle_n of_o declination_n measure_v between_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o say_a point_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o say_v star._n circle_n of_o declination_n be_v of_o the_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o sphere_n movable_a pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o any_o point_n give_v 7._o upon_o the_o equinoctial_a we_o reckon_v the_o right_a ascension_n of_o any_o or_o whatsoever_o point_n in_o heaven_n right_o ascension_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o arch_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a measure_v between_o the_o first_o point_n of_o aries_n and_o that_o circle_n of_o declination_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o point_n give_v 8._o upon_o the_o same_o equinoctial_a we_o measure_v the_o oblique_a ascension_n and_o descension_n of_o any_o point_n in_o heaven_n whatsoever_o oblique_a ascension_n be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a measure_v between_o the_o first_o point_n of_o aries_n and_o that_o point_v of_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o rise_v in_o the_o same_o moment_n of_o time_n with_o the_o point_n give_v oblique_a descension_n be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a measure_v between_o the_o point_n foresay_a and_o that_o point_v of_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o set_v in_o the_o same_o moment_n of_o time_n with_o the_o point_n give_v 9_o upon_o the_o equinoctial_a we_o count_v and_o reckon_v the_o ascensional_a difference_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o arch_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a by_o which_o right_a ascension_n differ_v from_o oblique_a 10._o upon_o the_o equinoctial_a we_o measure_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v amplitude_n this_o rise_n and_o set_v amplitude_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o arch_n of_o the_o horizon_n measure_v between_o the_o rise_n or_o set_v of_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o rise_n or_o set_v of_o any_o star_n or_o point_v give_v 11._o upon_o the_o equinoctial_a we_o number_v the_o longitude_n of_o place_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o we_o reckon_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a measure_v between_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n measure_v between_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o zenith_n of_o the_o place_n 12._o the_o equinoctial_a be_v most_o useful_a for_o make_v of_o sun-dials_n for_o there_o must_v be_v as_o many_o hour_n upon_o the_o plain_a as_o there_o be_v 15_o degree_n in_o the_o equinoctial_a four_o and_o twenty_o time_n number_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o zodiac_n the_o zodiac_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n movable_a under_o which_o the_o planet_n perpetual_o haunt_v the_o first_o and_o second_o difference_n be_v add_v as_o in_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o three_o which_o be_v in_o these_o word_n under_o which_o the_o planet_n perpetual_o haunt_v do_v distinguish_v the_o zodiac_n from_o all_o other_o circle_n for_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o this_o or_o that_o planet_n by_o his_o proper_a motion_n may_v be_v under_o the_o meridian_n may_v be_v under_o some_o horary_a circle_n may_v touch_v light_o the_o horizon_n but_o that_o be_v not_o always_o nor_o do_v they_o always_o abide_v in_o the_o same_o situation_n but_o their_o stay_n be_v perpetual_a under_o the_o zodiac_n and_o because_o the_o planet_n wander_v in_o the_o heaven_n viâ_fw-la obliquâ_fw-la therefore_o this_o circle_n be_v make_v oblique_a and_o see_v in_o this_o obliquity_n they_o make_v digression_n from_o this_o side_n to_o that_o side_n and_o from_o that_o to_o this_o therefore_o astronomer_n have_v grant_v to_o this_o circle_n latitude_n whereby_o also_o it_o may_v be_v difference_v from_o all_o other_o circle_n none_o of_o which_o ever_o claim_v latitude_n the_o zodiac_n be_v divide_v first_o in_o relation_n to_o its_o latitude_n into_o north_n latitude_n and_o south_n latitude_n north_n latitude_n be_v that_o half_a part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o from_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o middle_a line_n of_o it_o decline_v towards_o the_o north._n south_n latitude_n be_v opposite_a to_o this_o each_o one_o of_o they_o contain_v eight_o degree_n whereof_o the_o equinoctial_a contain_v 360._o the_o ecliptic_a or_o middle_a line_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n movable_a under_o which_o the_o sun_n from_o west_n to_o east_n move_v perpetual_o this_o line_n as_o likewise_o the_o zodiac_n be_v divide_v according_a to_o longitude_n into_o twelve_o part_n which_o be_v call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d every_o one_o of_o these_o twelve_o be_v subdivide_v into_o 30_o part_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a zodiac_n contain_v 360_o degree_n these_o twelve_o division_n be_v call_v aries_n taurus_n gemini_fw-la cancer_n leo_n virgo_fw-la libra_n scorpius_n sagittarius_fw-la capâ—…s_fw-la aquarius_n pisces_fw-la but_o see_v there_o be_v four_o cardinal_n point_n two_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o two_o solstice_n point_n it_o have_v please_v astronomeâ—…_n to_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o their_o reckon_n from_o the_o vernal_a equinoctial_a point_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v there_o he_o not_o only_o begin_v the_o spring_n but_o open_v the_o earth_n and_o give_v life_n to_o all_o vegetable_n and_o thing_n which_o grow_v which_o can_v be_v do_v either_o in_o any_o of_o the_o solstice_n or_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o autumnal_a equinoctial_a point_n next_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o sign_n be_v manifold_a for_o some_o of_o they_o be_v call_v northern_a sign_n and_o other_o be_v call_v southern_a the_o northern_a decline_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o north_n which_o be_v aries_n taurus_n gemini_fw-la cancer_n leo_n virgo_fw-la the_o southern_a decline_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o south_n which_o be_v libra_n scorpius_n sagittarius_fw-la capricornus_fw-la aquarius_n pisces_fw-la second_o some_o of_o they_o be_v call_v sign_n ascend_v other_o be_v call_v sign_n descend_v the_o first_o sort_n be_v these_o wherein_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n do_v ascend_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o our_o zenith_n which_o be_v capricornus_fw-la aquarius_n pisces_fw-la aries_n taurus_n gemini_fw-la the_o descend_v be_v these_o wherein_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n do_v move_v from_o our_o zenith_n towards_o the_o south_n which_o be_v cancer_n leo_n virgo_fw-la libra_n scorpius_n sagittarius_fw-la three_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v either_o vernal_a estival_n autumnal_a or_o hybernal_a the_o vernal_a be_v aries_n taurus_n gemini_fw-la the_o estival_n be_v cancer_n leo_n virgo_fw-la autumnal_a be_v libra_n scorpius_n sagittarius_fw-la and_o the_o hibernal_a be_v capricornus_fw-la aquarius_n pisces_fw-la four_o the_o sign_n be_v either_o cardinal_n middle_n or_o fix_v or_o common_a or_o
north_n latitude_n they_o have_v south_n latitude_n the_o anteci_n be_v those_o who_o dwell_v under_o opposite_a parallel_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la towards_o both_o the_o pole_n under_o the_o same_o meridian_n but_o not_o in_o point_n diametraliter_fw-la oppose_v but_o in_o a_o semi_a circle_n of_o the_o meridian_n intercept_v between_o the_o pole_n they_o have_v these_o phenomena_n proper_a to_o they_o first_o they_o agree_v in_o the_o same_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n for_o how_o much_o be_v the_o south_n pole_n elevate_v to_o those_o so_o much_o be_v the_o north_n pole_n elevate_v to_o these_o 2._o in_o the_o same_o moment_n of_o time_n both_o of_o they_o have_v the_o sun_n in_o their_o meridian_n but_o in_o this_o they_o differ_v while_o the_o sun_n be_v come_v to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n those_o have_v summer_n and_o long_a day_n but_o these_o have_v winter_n and_o short_a day_n again_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v return_v those_o have_v harvest_n the_o day_n decrease_v but_o these_o have_v the_o spring_n the_o day_n increase_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o rise_v and_o set_v to_o both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o perieci_n be_v those_o who_o dwell_v under_o the_o same_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n but_o in_o point_n of_o the_o same_o parallel_n diametraliter_fw-la opposite_a so_o that_o both_o of_o they_o behold_v the_o same_o pole_n with_o equal_a height_n above_o the_o horizon_n first_o they_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o zone_n second_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o same_o pole._n they_o have_v the_o same_o winter_n the_o same_o summer_n the_o same_o long_a day_n and_o the_o same_o increment_n and_o decrement_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n but_o here_o they_o differ_v those_o have_v the_o sun_n rise_v these_o have_v it_o set_v those_o have_v the_o sun_n in_o the_o meridian_n these_o have_v it_o at_o our_o midnight_n and_o contrariwise_o when_o to_o those_o the_o sun_n be_v set_v to_o these_o he_o be_v rise_v when_o to_o those_o it_o be_v midnight_n to_o these_o it_o be_v the_o meridian_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n according_a to_o the_o poet_n hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o hypothesis_n to_o wit_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n which_o so_o much_o conduce_v for_o explain_v the_o phenomena_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o speak_v and_o treat_v of_o the_o thing_n itself_o to_o wit_n the_o phenomena_n themselves_o and_o in_o the_o entry_n we_o ought_v to_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n call_v ortus_fw-la &_o occasus_fw-la stellarum_fw-la astronomicus_fw-la but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o those_o thing_n can_v be_v teach_v here_o compendious_o nor_o without_o the_o science_n of_o spherical_a trigonometry_n therefore_o pass_v this_o we_o come_v to_o explain_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n call_v ortus_fw-la &_o occasus_fw-la poeticus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o second_o phenomenon_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n this_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n according_a to_o the_o poet_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o set_n of_o a_o star_n under_o it_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o various_a position_n of_o it_o with_o the_o sun._n it_o be_v call_v poetical_a not_o because_o it_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o astronomer_n for_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o their_o science_n to_o determine_v those_o rise_n and_o set_v but_o because_o the_o poet_n in_o describe_v certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n use_v this_o method_n as_o will_v be_v see_v afterward_o of_o this_o poetical_a rise_n and_o set_v there_o be_v three_o form_n first_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o a_o star_n cosmice_fw-la second_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o a_o star_n acronyce_n three_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o a_o star_n heliace_n each_o one_o of_o those_o have_v a_o double_a signification_n one_o general_n the_o other_o special_a the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n cosmice_fw-la general_o take_v be_v the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n fall_v out_o from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o his_o set_v the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n cosmice_fw-la general_o take_v be_v the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n fall_v out_o from_o his_o rise_n to_o his_o set_v the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n acronyce_n general_o take_v be_v the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n fall_v out_o the_o whole_a time_n the_o sun_n be_v under_o the_o horizon_n the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n acronyce_n general_o take_v be_v the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n under_o the_o horizon_n fall_v out_o all_o the_o time_n the_o sun_n be_v under_o the_o horizon_n the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n heliace_n general_o take_v be_v the_o appear_v of_o a_o star_n after_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n heliace_n general_o take_v be_v the_o disappear_v of_o a_o star_n after_o the_o sun_n be_v set_v but_o their_o special_a signification_n denote_v and_o determine_v a_o certain_a and_o definite_a time_n therefore_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n cosmice_fw-la be_v the_o ascend_n of_o a_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n in_o the_o same_o moment_n wherein_o the_o sun_n rise_v the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n cosmice_fw-la be_v when_o a_o star_n go_v down_o while_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n acronyce_n be_v when_o a_o star_n come_v above_o the_o horizon_n the_o sun_n go_v down_o under_o the_o horizon_n that_o same_o moment_n the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n acronyce_n be_v when_o a_o star_n set_v with_o the_o sun_n that_o same_o moment_n the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n heliace_n be_v when_o a_o star_n which_o can_v not_o be_v see_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o nearness_n to_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o see_v in_o the_o night_n time_n the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n heliace_n be_v when_o a_o star_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n great_a distance_n from_o it_o may_v have_v be_v see_v in_o the_o night_n time_n but_o the_o sun_n come_v near_o to_o it_o it_o disappear_v out_o of_o our_o sight_n we_o have_v a_o example_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n cosmice_fw-la in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o georgic_n vere_n fabis_fw-la satio_fw-la tunc_fw-la te_fw-la quoque_fw-la medica_fw-la putres_fw-fr accipiunt_fw-la sulci_fw-la &_o milio_fw-la venit_fw-la annua_fw-la cura_fw-la candidus_n auratis_fw-la aperit_fw-la cum_fw-la cornibus_fw-la annum_fw-la taurus_n &_o adverso_fw-la cedens_fw-la canis_fw-la occidit_fw-la astro._n when_o taurus_n with_o his_o gild_a horn_n begin_v the_o year_n then_o sow_v your_o corn_n sow_v millet-seed_n a_o yearly_a toil_n sow_v claver-grass_n in_o putrid_a soil_n sow_v yearly_a pulse_n and_o what_o you_o please_v sow_n in_o the_o spring_n both_o bean_n and_o pease_n virgil_n do_v express_v here_o the_o spring_n time_n when_o the_o millet-seed_n be_v to_o be_v sownâ—…_n which_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n anâ—…_n see_v the_o sun_n at_o that_o time_n be_v about_o thâ—…_n end_n of_o aries_n it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o rise_n of_o taurus_n which_o at_o that_o time_n rise_v with_o the_o sun_n cosmice_fw-la at_o this_o time_n the_o roman_n use_v to_o sow_v their_o bean_n their_o claver-grass_n and_o their_o millet_n which_o every_o year_n must_v be_v renew_v whereas_o the_o claver-grass_n be_v to_o be_v sow_v but_o once_o in_o ten_o year_n we_o have_v likewise_o a_o example_n of_o the_o set_v of_o a_o star_n cosmice_fw-la from_o that_o same_o place_n in_o virgil._n ante_fw-la tibi_fw-la eoae_fw-la atlantides_n abseondantur_fw-la gnosiaque_fw-la arden_n decedat_fw-la stella_fw-la coronae_fw-la debita_fw-la quam_fw-la sulcis_fw-la committas_fw-la semina_fw-la when_o pleiades_n the_o maiden_n seven_o be_v set_v into_o the_o western-heaven_n when_o ariadne_n crown_n full_a bright_a before_o the_o sun_n come_v in_o our_o sight_n then_o sow_v your_o ground_n with_o wheat_n and_o rye_n it_o be_v of_o october_n eighteen_o day_n before_o you_o sow_v your_o ground_n say_v he_o let_v the_o pleyade_n or_o seven-star_n be_v set_v which_o about_o october_n 18_o go_v down_o in_o the_o west_n in_o the_o same_o moment_n of_o time_n while_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v in_o the_o east_n which_o be_v call_v occasus_fw-la cosmicus_fw-la we_o have_v a_o example_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n acronyce_n from_o ovid_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr ponto_n quatuor_fw-la autumnos_fw-la pleias_n orta_fw-la facit_fw-la four_o harvest_n sure_o there_o have_v be_v for_o pleias_n four_o time_n have_v be_v see_v ovid_n be_v here_o speak_v of_o the_o harvest_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o scorpio_n therefore_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v set_v taurus_n or_o the_o bull_n and_o the_o pleyade_n be_v
up_o and_o down_o especial_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v very_o high_a next_o wind_n which_o come_v from_o the_o south_n and_o south-west_n by_o reason_n of_o much_o moistness_n which_o they_o bring_v along_v with_o they_o influence_v the_o quicksilver_n much_o indeed_o but_o northerly_a wind_n which_o be_v more_o dry_v have_v less_o influence_n nay_o easterly_a and_o north_n east_n wind_n even_o with_o rain_n keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n and_o suffer_v it_o not_o to_o fall_v down_o so_o far_o as_o other_o wind_n because_o such_o wind_n come_v from_o the_o great_a continent_n bring_v with_o they_o many_o earthly_a particle_n and_o atom_n which_o be_v dry_a have_v not_o that_o influence_n upon_o it_o as_o moist_a wind_n from_o the_o south_n and_o west_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v if_o the_o weatherglass_n do_v foretell_v wind_n as_o it_o do_v rain_n i_o answer_v it_o do_v not_o so_o much_o foretell_v wind_n as_o it_o be_v actual_o influence_v by_o they_o yet_o if_o a_o man_n be_v a_o diligent_a observer_n of_o the_o wind_n before_o they_o blow_v and_o take_v narrow_a inspection_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n he_o will_v sure_o foresee_v they_o approach_v by_o some_o alteration_n or_o other_o in_o it_o it_o may_v be_v inquire_v whether_o mist_n or_o fog_n do_v affect_v the_o weatherglass_n i_o answer_v yes_o for_o i_o have_v observe_v when_o the_o mercury_n have_v be_v up_o at_o fair_a the_o fall_v down_o of_o a_o fog_n have_v bring_v it_o down_o three_o or_o four_o degree_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v when_o the_o mercury_n iâ—…_n at_o the_o high_a station_n in_o the_o fair_a wether_n as_o above_o long_o fair_a how_o many_o day_n do_v it_o prognostic_n rain_n before_o it_o come_v i_o answer_v when_o it_o first_o begin_v to_o alter_v it_o must_v fall_v down_o to_o long_o fair_a half_o a_o inch_n next_o to_o fair_a another_o half_a inch._n three_o to_o changeable_n as_o much_o and_o last_o to_o rain_v this_o motion_n be_v slow_a and_o therefore_o it_o foretell_v sometime_o three_o day_n sometime_o four_o sometime_o less_o but_o this_o be_v sure_a it_o can_v fall_v down_o in_o one_o day_n so_o much_o bound_n nor_o in_o two_o neither_o in_o three_o i_o have_v see_v it_o fall_v down_o from_o long_o fair_a to_o fair_a and_o then_o halt_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o stir_a wind_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o small_a change_n of_o wether_n in_o some_o county_n near_o hand_n when_o it_o be_v far_o up_o as_o at_o long_o fair_a or_o above_o it_o it_o be_v next_o to_o impossible_a that_o either_o wind_n or_o rain_n can_v be_v some_o who_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o the_o weatherglass_n judge_v it_o err_v when_o they_o see_v the_o mercury_n at_o rain_n and_o yet_o no_o rain_n i_o confess_v it_o may_v be_v so_o if_o it_o be_v not_o right_o adjust_v at_o the_o first_o set_v up_o but_o if_o it_o be_v set_v according_a to_o art_n the_o mercury_n can_v be_v at_o rain_n but_o there_o must_v be_v rain_n either_o here_o or_o some_o place_n near_o hand_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v if_o snow_n and_o hail_n have_v the_o same_o effect_n upon_o the_o weatherglass_n which_o rain_v have_v i_o answer_v yes_o for_o they_o be_v both_o from_o the_o same_o cause_n namely_o moist_a vapour_n i_o have_v 〈◊〉_d s_o the_o next_o adjacent_a hill_n cover_v with_o snow_n when_o there_o be_v neither_o rain_n nor_o snow_n in_o the_o valley_n country_n and_o the_o mercury_n down_o at_o rain_n though_o it_o have_v be_v always_o up_o before_o the_o snow_n fall_v and_o many_o time_n it_o be_v find_v that_o rain_v fall_v in_o the_o next_o shire_n or_o county_n though_o none_o here_o have_v make_v the_o quicksilver_n fall_v down_o to_o rain_n the_o last_o year_n 1687_o in_o november_n i_o have_v see_v the_o quicksilver_n below_o much_o rain_n and_o yet_o the_o day_n go_v before_o or_o follow_v have_v be_v pretty_a fair_a but_o the_o wether_n be_v under_o a_o strong_a disposition_n and_o inclination_n to_o be_v tempestuous_a and_o stormy_a which_o soon_o follow_v it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v never_o so_o high_a in_o the_o weatherglass_n as_o about_o the_o hinder_a end_n of_o the_o month_n of_o october_n or_o rather_o in_o the_o winter_n season_n in_o rainy_n year_n i_o have_v not_o see_v the_o mercury_n further_o up_o than_o fair_a and_o that_o seldom_o may_v the_o weatherglass_n be_v useful_a in_o ship_n i_o answer_v yes_o but_o the_o commotion_n of_o the_o ship_n you_o say_v render_v it_o useless_a i_o answer_v it_o may_v be_v so_o suspend_v that_o it_o may_v hang_v always_o perpendicular_a and_o though_o this_o be_v not_o yet_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v such_o that_o it_o can_v recline_v without_o hurt_n as_o much_o as_o the_o ship_n canâ—…ly_o either_o to_o starboard_n or_o larboard_o and_o fall_v right_a again_o when_o the_o helm_n be_v right_v in_o a_o word_n whatever_o advantage_n a_o man_n may_v have_v by_o it_o in_o his_o chamber_n he_o may_v have_v as_o much_o by_o have_v it_o in_o his_o cabin_n there_o be_v a_o person_n of_o honour_n and_o great_a learning_n who_o have_v write_v late_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o among_o other_o thing_n have_v not_o omit_v to_o show_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o marvellous_a phenomenon_n whereof_o i_o have_v be_v treat_v he_o touch_v it_o brief_o in_o 9_o or_o 10_o line_n and_o say_v id_fw-la autem_fw-la mirum_fw-la satis_fw-la videtur_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o strange_a thing_n say_v he_o that_o in_o rainy_n and_o windy_a wether_n when_o the_o air_n seem_v to_o be_v heavy_a yet_o the_o mercury_n be_v further_a down_n the_o reason_n say_v he_o be_v take_v from_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o air_n where_o the_o cloud_n be_v for_o when_o the_o cloud_n be_v grosser_n tho_o much_o elevate_v they_o intercept_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o be_v thereby_o melt_v and_o turn_v into_o rain_n and_o the_o air_n be_v ease_v of_o the_o burden_n of_o these_o cloud_n and_o be_v rarify_v above_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v become_v light_a and_o so_o bear_v less_o down_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n in_o the_o cistern_n but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v nubilous_a and_o cloudy_a the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v augment_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cloud_n which_o make_v it_o press_v with_o great_a weight_n upon_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n in_o the_o cistern_n i_o dare_v not_o oppose_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o such_o a_o eminent_a man_n though_o i_o may_v he_o be_v a_o hundred_o stage_n beyond_o many_o yet_o there_o be_v not_o some_o want_v who_o male-apart_o set_v at_o nought_o his_o philosophical_a system_n as_o insufficient_a both_o for_o matter_n and_o form_n whereas_o among_o all_o the_o learned_a abroad_o his_o write_n be_v hold_v in_o great_a estimation_n there_o be_v one_o of_o the_o professor_n of_o philosophy_n at_o aberdeen_n who_o public_a thesis_n the_o last_o year_n come_v to_o my_o view_n yet_o i_o shall_v adventure_v to_o say_v something_o anent_o they_o the_o author_n who_o i_o have_v not_o the_o favour_n to_o know_v seem_v to_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o new_a philosophy_n and_o a_o good_a scholar_n he_o confute_v rational_o malebranch_v and_o spinosa_n two_o wild_a philosopher_n he_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o cartesian_a in_o his_o philosophy_n yet_o affirm_v that_o the_o demonstration_n as_o he_o call_v it_o of_o god_n existence_n by_o the_o idea_n be_v abstract_a and_o metaphysical_a go_v far_o beyond_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a and_o therefore_o be_v compel_v by_o reason_n he_o aver_v that_o the_o apostle_n paul_n reason_n far_o better_o in_o the_o first_o to_o the_o roman_n he_o speak_v honourable_o of_o the_o late_a lord_n precedent_n in_o confute_v some_o of_o his_o doctrine_n for_o which_o he_o deserve_v more_o thanks_o for_o his_o good_a estimation_n of_o he_o than_o for_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o reason_n against_o he_o he_o hope_v the_o lord_n stair_n will_v hold_v he_o excuse_v if_o he_o do_v not_o acquiesce_v to_o his_o decision_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v jeasting_o speak_v cast_v my_o eye_n further_o through_o i_o find_v somewhat_o anent_o the_o cause_n of_o wind_n tempest_n and_o rain_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v sometime_o light_a and_o sometime_o heavy_a but_o he_o have_v not_o touch_v the_o nail_n upon_o the_o head._n some_o note_n upon_o the_o parisian_a weatherglass_n there_o be_v a_o new_a invention_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n which_o come_v from_o paris_n facile_fw-la est_fw-la inventis_fw-la addere_fw-la set_v in_o a_o curious_a gild_a frame_n more_o specious_a to_o behold_v than_o profitable_a and_o useful_a it_o be_v liable_a to_o several_a abatement_n the_o first_o make_v it_o a_o dumb_a weatherglass_n want_v the_o whole_a theory_n of_o the_o wether_n so_o that_o
least_o therefore_o 3_o the_o foresay_a polar_n comprehend_v within_o their_o compass_n and_o circle_n â—…he_v whole_a star_n and_o point_n of_o heaven_n which_o be_v always_o in_o sight_n and_o do_v not_o â—…et_o hence_o there_o arise_v a_o threefold_a â—…istinction_n of_o the_o star_n 1._o there_o be_v â—…ome_v which_o have_v a_o perpetual_a day_n and_o â—…ever_o set_v or_o fall_v under_o the_o horizon_n to_o â—…it_v those_o which_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o polar_a arctic_a 2._o there_o be_v other_o which_o have_v a_o perpetual_a night_n which_o never_o rise_v or_o come_v â—…p_n above_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_v all_o those_o which_o be_v include_v within_o the_o circle_n of_o â—…he_n polar_a antarctic_a there_o be_v 3._o other_o which_o both_o rise_n and_o set_v in_o four_o â—…nd_v twenty_o hour_n to_o wit_v those_o which_o â—…ither_o on_o this_o side_n or_o that_o side_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a tend_v towards_o and_o come_v near_a to_o the_o foresay_a polar_n chap._n ix_o concern_v other_o circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n both_o great_a and_o lesser_a which_o can_v be_v convenient_o draw_v upon_o it_o beside_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n hitherto_o explain_v there_o be_v yet_o innumerable_a more_o both_o of_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a sort_n which_o astronomer_n have_v excogitated_a for_o attain_v a_o more_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o heavenly_a motion_n 1._o there_o be_v of_o the_o great_a sort_n vertical_n which_o pass_v through_o every_o point_n oâ—_n the_o horizon_n cut_v one_o another_o there_o which_o by_o the_o arabian_n be_v call_v azimuth_n 2._o there_o be_v the_o horary_a circle_n which_o divide_v the_o heaven_n into_o four_o and_o twenty_o part_n which_o be_v oâ—_n three_o sort_n for_o either_o they_o have_v the_o beginning_n in_o the_o meridian_n and_o paâ—â—_n through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n or_o the_o have_v their_o beginning_n in_o the_o east_n oâ—_n west-part_n of_o the_o horizon_n by_o whicâ—_n mean_v they_o touch_v light_o the_o two_o circle_n lie_v parallel_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a of_o which_o one_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o which_o be_v always_o see_v above_o the_o horizon_n the_o other_o the_o great_a of_o all_o which_o be_v not_o see_v above_o the_o horizon_n or_o last_o they_o have_v their_o beginning_n in_o the_o horizon_n but_o neither_o go_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n nor_o go_v near_o to_o the_o foresay_a parallel_n but_o divide_v all_o the_o segment_n of_o the_o parallel_n which_o be_v above_o or_o below_o the_o horizon_n into_o twelve_o equal_a part_n 3._o there_o be_v circle_n of_o declination_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o every_o point_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a there_o be_v 4._o circle_n of_o latitude_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o every_o one_o of_o his_o degree_n the_o lesser_a circle_n be_v infinite_a also_o for_o there_o be_v no_o great_a circle_n which_o have_v not_o his_o own_o parallel_n as_o first_o the_o horizon_n which_o have_v circle_n of_o altitude_n call_v by_o the_o arabian_n almicanthar_n the_o equinoctial_a have_v its_o own_o parallel_n to_o wit_n describe_v by_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n from_o all_o and_o whatsoever_o point_n be_v in_o the_o heaven_n so_o have_v the_o zodiac_n his_o parallel_n describe_v about_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o parallel_n every_o star_n or_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n according_a to_o the_o proper_a motion_n of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n do_v describe_v and_o many_o more_o be_v there_o invent_v by_o astronomer_n for_o astronomical_a use_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o zone_n to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v common_o annex_v the_o geographical_a tractat_fw-la of_o the_o zone_n the_o zone_n therefore_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o as_o much_o bound_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v comprehend_v between_o both_o the_o tropic_n or_o between_o either_o of_o the_o two_o tropic_n and_o the_o next_o polar_a or_o between_o either_o of_o the_o two_o polar_n and_o the_o neighbour_a pole._n therefore_o the_o zone_n be_v either_o celestial_a or_o terrestrial_a the_o celestial_a zone_n be_v bound_v by_o themselves_o and_o their_o own_o circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n the_o terrestrial_a zone_n lie_v direct_o under_o the_o same_o place_n of_o the_o heaven_n they_o be_v five_o in_o number_n one_o torrid_a two_o temperate_a and_o two_o frigid_a the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v that_o space_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o the_o earth_n comprehend_v between_o the_o two_o tropic_n this_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n of_o which_o one_o be_v call_v the_o northern_a the_o other_o the_o southern_a part_n it_o be_v call_v torrid_a because_o here_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o perpendicular_a and_o so_o hot_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n scorch_v and_o burn_v up_o with_o heat_n the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v that_o space_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o of_o the_o earth_n comprehend_v between_o either_o of_o the_o two_o tropic_n and_o the_o neighbour_a polar_n and_o that_o which_o be_v include_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o polar_a arctic_a be_v call_v the_o temperate_a northern_a zone_n wherein_o be_v contain_v all_o europe_n almost_o and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o also_o a_o part_n of_o america_n but_o that_o which_o be_v include_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarctic_a polar_a be_v call_v the_o southern_a temperate_a zone_n this_o contain_v more_o sea_n and_o less_o land_n they_o be_v call_v temperate_a because_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o oblique_a there_o be_v not_o such_o a_o reflection_n of_o heat_n but_o offer_v a_o most_o commodious_a dwelling_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v that_o space_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n comprehend_v between_o either_o of_o the_o polar_n and_o the_o neighbour_a pole_n of_o the_o world._n and_o that_o bound_n which_o be_v include_v between_o the_o polar_a arctic_a and_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v call_v the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n and_o that_o bound_n which_o be_v include_v between_o the_o polar_a antarctic_a and_o the_o south_n pole_n be_v call_v the_o southern_a frigid_a zone_n they_o be_v call_v frigid_a because_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o oblique_a and_o be_v absent_a almost_o half_a a_o year_n so_o that_o all_o thing_n become_v rigid_a and_o stiff_a with_o frost_n ice_n and_o snow_n in_o this_o zone_n lie_v island_n and_o greenland_n but_o in_o the_o southern_a cold_a zone_n the_o part_n be_v unknown_a to_o we_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o five_o zone_n have_v obtain_v divers_a name_n for_o those_o who_o inhabit_v the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v call_v amphiscii_n as_o have_v a_o shadow_n on_o both_o side_n i_o say_v on_o both_o side_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o vertical_a point_n for_o the_o sun_n with_o they_o be_v sometime_o on_o this_o side_n and_o sometime_o on_o that_o side_n of_o their_o vertical_a point_n sometime_o the_o shadow_n of_o their_o dial_n be_v project_v from_o south_n to_o north_n and_o sometime_o from_o north_n to_o south_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v call_v heteroscii_n as_o have_v but_o one_o shadow_n for_o at_o 12_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o day_n the_o shadow_n be_v either_o casten_z towards_o the_o north_n as_o with_o we_o or_o towards_o the_o south_n as_o with_o those_o who_o dwell_v in_o the_o southern_a temperate_a zone_n but_o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v call_v periscii_n as_o have_v a_o shadow_n which_o go_v round_o about_o they_o because_o they_o have_v the_o sun_n for_o several_a month_n of_o the_o year_n above_o their_o horizon_n and_o the_o heaven_n there_o like_o a_o millstone_n be_v whirl_v about_o so_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n describe_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o in_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n he_o run_v about_o without_o rise_v and_o set_v and_o project_n his_o shadow_n into_o a_o orb_n or_o circle_n there_o be_v likewise_o the_o antipode_n anteci_n and_o perieci_n antipode_n be_v those_o who_o have_v the_o same_o meridian_n but_o dwell_v in_o point_n of_o it_o diametraliter_fw-la opposite_a and_o be_v under_o opposite_a parallel_n to_o wit_n in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n of_o which_o the_o one_o be_v southern_a the_o other_o northern_a these_o follow_a phenomena_n be_v proper_a to_o they_o 1._o though_o they_o have_v the_o same_o rational_a horizon_n yet_o behold_v the_o opposite_a face_n all_o thing_n fall_v out_o to_o they_o contrariwise_o for_o when_o we_o have_v day_n and_o midday_n our_o antipode_n have_v night_n and_o midnight_n when_o we_o have_v summer_n they_o have_v winter_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v to_o we_o he_o set_v to_o they_o we_o have_v