by_o way_n of_o excellency_n have_v true_o call_v britain_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o great_a island_n now_o they_o that_o have_v more_o accurate_o compare_v the_o space_n of_o the_o heaven_n with_o the_o tract_n of_o earth_n have_v place_v britain_n under_o the_o 8_o climate_n and_o include_v it_o within_o the_o parallel_n the_o late_a discovery_n have_v better_o define_v the_o site_n of_o britain_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o land_n end_v be_v but_o 11_o degree_n from_o teneriff_n and_o cantium_n or_o the_o before_o land_n but_o 58_o and_o a_o half_a the_o latitude_n of_o the_o lizard_n 50_o degree_n and_o of_o cathness_n scarce_o 18_o and_o a_o half_a whence_o the_o long_a tropical_a day_n be_v from_o 16_o hour_n 10_o min._n to_o 18_o hour_n 2_o min._n that_o be_v from_o the_o 18_o to_o the_o 25_o parallel_n 18_o and_o 26_o parallel_n compute_v the_o long_a day_n at_o 18_o equinoctial_a hour_n and_o a_o half_a the_o land_n end_n according_a to_o the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o place_v 13._o place_v for_o 16_o read_v 13._o 16_o degree_n and_o 50_o scruple_n from_o the_o far_a point_n westward_o and_o the_o kentish_a foreland_n in_o 21_o degree_n of_o longitude_n as_o for_o the_o latitude_n they_o measure_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n 50_o degree_n 10_o scruple_n at_o cathness_n 59_o degree_n 40_o scruple_n so_o that_o britain_n by_o this_o situation_n must_v needs_o enjoy_v both_o a_o fertile_a soil_n and_o a_o most_o temperate_a air_n the_o summer_n here_o be_v not_o so_o scorch_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o constant_a breeze_n which_o fan_v the_o air_n and_o moderate_v the_o heat_n these_o as_o they_o invigorate_v every_o thing_n that_o grow_v so_o they_o give_v both_o to_o man_n and_o beast_n at_o the_o same_o time_n their_o health_n and_o their_o refreshment_n the_o winter_n also_o here_o be_v mild_a and_o gentle_a this_o proceed_v not_o only_o from_o the_o thickness_n and_o closeness_n of_o the_o air_n but_o also_o from_o the_o frequency_n of_o those_o still_a shower_n which_o do_v with_o we_o much_o soften_v and_o break_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o cold_a beside_o that_o the_o sea_n which_o encompass_v it_o do_v so_o cherish_v the_o land_n with_o their_o gentle_a warmth_n that_o the_o cold_a be_v here_o much_o less_o severe_a than_o in_o some_o part_n of_o france_n and_o italy_n upon_o this_o consideration_n minutius_n felix_n when_o he_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o divine_a providence_n consult_v not_o only_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o world_n in_o general_n but_o also_o of_o each_o part_n make_v use_n of_o our_o island_n as_o a_o instance_n 2._o de_fw-fr nat._n deor._n l._n 2._o though_o britain_n say_v he_o enjoy_v not_o so_o much_o the_o aspect_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o instead_o thereof_o it_o be_v refresh_v and_o comfort_v by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o surround_v it_o neither_o need_v we_o think_v that_o reflection_n strange_a which_o he_o make_v upon_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o sea_n since_o cicero_n make_v the_o same_o observation_n the_o sea_n say_v he_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o with_o the_o wind_n grow_v so_o warm_a that_o from_o thence_o it_o may_v ready_o be_v infer_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a heat_n that_o lie_v conceal_v in_o that_o vast_a fluid_a body_n to_o the_o temperate_a state_n also_o of_o this_o island_n cescenius_fw-la getulicus_n a_o very_a ancient_a poet_n seem_v to_o have_v respect_n in_o these_o his_o verse_n concern_v britain_n geo._n probus_n in_o virg._n geo._n non_fw-la illic_fw-la aries_n verno_fw-la ferret_v aera_fw-la cornu_fw-la gnossia_n nec_fw-la gemini_fw-la praecedunt_fw-la cornua_fw-la tauri_n sicca_n lycaonius_fw-la resupinat_fw-la plaustra_fw-la boötes_fw-la not_o there_o the_o spring_n the_o ram_n be_v unkindness_n mourn_v nor_o taurus_n see_v the_o twin_n before_o his_o horn_n his_o northern_a wain_n where_o dry_a boötes_n turn_v caesar_n also_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o country_n be_v more_o temperate_a than_o gaul_n and_o the_o cold_a less_o pierce_a and_o cornelius_n tacitus_n observe_v that_o in_o this_o island_n there_o be_v no_o extremity_n of_o cold_a and_o far_o add_v that_o except_o the_o vine_n the_o olive_n and_o some_o other_o fruit_n peculiar_a to_o the_o hot_a climate_n it_o produce_v all_o thing_n else_o in_o great_a plenty_n that_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o their_o come_n up_o be_v forward_o in_o britain_n but_o be_v very_o slow_a in_o ripen_v of_o both_o which_o there_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o cause_n the_o excessive_a moisture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n for_o indeed_o our_o air_n as_o strabo_n have_v observe_v be_v more_o obnoxious_a to_o rain_v than_o snow_n however_o so_o happy_a be_v britain_n in_o a_o most_o plentiful_a product_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n that_o author_n that_o but_o more_o true_o onomacritus_n say_v a_o late_a author_n orpheus_n have_v call_v it_o the_o very_a seat_n of_o ceres_n for_o to_o this_o island_n it_o island_n if_o this_o expression_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o britain_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a our_o while_n to_o consider_v whether_o it_o do_v not_o prove_v the_o island_n to_o have_v be_v more_o early_o know_v to_o the_o ancient_n than_o our_o author_n will_v afterward_o allow_v it_o we_o be_v to_o apply_v that_o expression_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d see_v here_o the_o stately_a court_n of_o royal_a ceres_n and_o in_o ancient_a time_n this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o granary_n and_o magazine_n of_o the_o western_a empire_n for_o from_o hence_o the_o roman_n be_v wont_v every_o year_n in_o 800_o vessel_n large_a than_o lembis_fw-la than_o lembis_fw-la bark_n to_o transport_v vast_a quantity_n of_o corn_n 〈◊〉_d zosimus_n eunapius_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o supply_n of_o their_o army_n in_o garrison_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o germany_n but_o perchance_o i_o may_v seem_v too_o fond_a and_o lavish_a in_o the_o praise_n of_o my_o own_o country_n and_o therefore_o you_o shall_v now_o hear_v a_o old_a orator_n deliver_v its_o encomium_n constantine_n panegyric_n to_o constantine_n o_o fortunate_a britain_n the_o most_o happy_a country_n in_o the_o world_n in_o that_o thou_o do_v first_o behold_v constantine_n our_o emperor_n thou_o have_v nature_n deserve_o enrich_v with_o all_o the_o choice_a blessing_n both_o of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n thou_o feel_v neither_o the_o excessive_a cold_n of_o winter_n nor_o the_o scorch_a heat_n of_o summer_n thy_o harvest_n reward_v thy_o labour_n with_o so_o vast_a a_o increase_n as_o to_o supply_v thy_o table_n with_o bread_n and_o thy_o cellar_n with_o liquor_n thy_o wood_n have_v no_o savage_a beast_n no_o serpent_n harbour_v here_o to_o hurt_v the_o traveller_n innumerable_a be_v thy_o herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o the_o flock_n of_o sheep_n which_o feed_v thou_o plentiful_o and_o clothe_v thou_o rich_o and_o as_o to_o the_o comfort_n of_o life_n the_o day_n be_v long_o and_o no_o night_n pass_v without_o some_o glimpse_n of_o light_n for_o whilst_o those_o utmost_a plain_n of_o the_o seashore_n be_v so_o flat_a and_o low_a as_o not_o to_o cast_v a_o shadow_n to_o create_v night_n they_o never_o lose_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o star_n but_o the_o sun_n which_o to_o we_o appear_v to_o set_v seem_v there_o only_o just_a to_o pass_v by_o i_o shall_v here_o also_o introduce_v another_o orator_n use_v these_o expression_n to_o constantius_n constantius_n panegyric_n to_o constantius_n the_o father_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a and_o i_o assure_v you_o no_o small_a damage_n be_v it_o not_o only_o to_o lose_v the_o name_n of_o britain_n but_o the_o great_a advantage_n thence_o accrue_v to_o our_o commonwealth_n to_o part_v with_o a_o land_n so_o store_v with_o corn_n so_o flourish_v in_o pasturage_n rich_a in_o such_o store_n and_o variety_n of_o metal_n so_o profitable_a in_o its_o tribute_n on_o all_o its_o coast_n so_o furnish_v with_o convenient_a harbour_n and_o so_o immense_a in_o its_o extent_n and_o circuit_n also_o nature_n particular_a indulgence_n to_o this_o our_o island_n a_o poet_n of_o considerable_a antiquity_n have_v thus_o express_v address_v himself_o to_o britain_n in_o this_o epigram_n in_o some_o man_n opinion_n not_o unworthy_a to_o be_v publish_v tu_fw-la nimio_fw-la nec_fw-la stricta_fw-la gelu_fw-la nec_fw-la sydere_fw-la fervens_fw-la clementi_n coelo_fw-la temperieque_fw-la place_n cum_fw-la pareret_fw-la natura_fw-la parens_fw-la varioque_fw-la favore_fw-la divideret_fw-la dote_v omnibus_fw-la una_fw-la locis_fw-la seposuit_fw-la potiora_fw-la tibi_fw-la matremque_fw-la professa_fw-la insula_fw-la sis_fw-la foelix_fw-la plenaque_fw-la pacis_fw-la ait_fw-la quicquid_fw-la amat_fw-la luxus_fw-la quicquid_fw-la desiderat_fw-la usus_fw-la exit_fw-la te_fw-la proveniet_fw-la vel_fw-la aliunde_fw-la tibi_fw-la nor_o cold_a nor_o heat_v extreme_n thy_o people_n fear_n but_o gentle_a season_n turn_v the_o peaceful_a year_n when_o
dedicate_v his_o book_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a history_n of_o england_n and_o who_o afterward_o hoveden_n rog._n hoveden_n renounce_v the_o world_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o monk_n in_o the_o church_n of_o lindisfern_n and_o list_v himself_o a_o soldier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n his_o body_n be_v afterward_o translate_v to_o the_o church_n of_o northam_n when_o also_o the_o dane_n have_v miserable_o waste_v the_o holy_a issand_n wherein_o s._n cuthbert_n so_o much_o magnify_v by_o bede_n be_v bishop_n and_o lay_v bury_v some_o endeavour_v by_o a_o religious_a stealth_n to_o convey_v his_o body_n beyond_o sea_n but_o the_o wind_n stand_v contrary_a they_o with_o all_o due_a reverence_n deposit_v the_o sacred_a body_n at_o 1._o at_o the_o print_a book_n have_v corrupt_o bulbeford_n will._n malmesb_n de_fw-fr gest_n pont._n lib._n 1._o ubbanford_n whether_o a_o bishop_n see_v or_o no_o be_v uncertain_a near_o the_o river_n twede_o where_o it_o lay_v for_o many_o year_n till_o the_o come_n of_o king_n ethelred_n this_o and_o other_o matter_n be_v teach_v i_o for_o i_o shall_v always_o own_o my_o instructor_n by_o george_n carlton_n bear_v at_o this_o place_n be_v son_n to_o the_o keeper_n of_o norham-castle_n who_o for_o his_o excellent_a proficiency_n in_o divinity_n whereof_o he_o be_v professor_n and_o other_o polite_a learning_n i_o love_v and_o be_o love_v by_o he_o and_o i_o be_v unworthy_a of_o that_o love_n if_o i_o shall_v not_o acknowledge_v his_o friendship_n the_o old_a people_n tell_v we_o that_o at_o killey_n killay_n killay_n a_o little_a neighbour_a village_n below_o norham_n be_v find_v within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o grandfather_n the_o studd_n of_o a_o knight_n belt_n hilt_n a_o golden_a hilt_n and_o the_o hilt_n of_o a_o sword_n of_o massy_a gold_n which_o be_v present_v to_o t._n ruthall_n bishop_n of_o durham_n a_o little_a lower_v you_o have_v the_o mouth_n of_o twede_n on_o the_o far_a bank_n whereof_o stand_v berwick_n berwick_n berwick_n the_o last_o town_n in_o england_n and_o best_a fortify_v in_o all_o britain_n hh_v some_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n from_o one_o berengarius_fw-la a_o romantic_a duke_n leland_n fetch_v it_o from_o aber_n the_o british_a word_n for_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o river_n and_o so_o make_v aberwick_n to_o signify_v a_o fort_n build_v upon_o such_o a_o mouth_n but_o they_o will_v best_o understand_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o it_o who_o know_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n berwicus_fw-la in_o the_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n manor_n ingulphus_n render_v berwicus_fw-la a_o manor_n wherein_o nothing_o more_o common_a than_o i_o give_v the_o township_n of_o c._n and_o d._n cum_fw-la suis_fw-la berwicis_fw-la two_o for_o my_o part_n what_o it_o shall_v mean_v i_o know_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v a_o hamlet_n or_o some_o such_o dependency_n upon_o a_o place_n of_o better_a note_n for_o in_o the_o grant_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n totthill_n be_v call_v the_o berwicus_fw-la of_o westminster_n wandlesworth_n the_o berwicus_fw-la of_o patricksey_a and_o a_o thousand_o of_o the_o like_a but_o why_o all_o this_o pain_n it_o be_v lose_v labour_n if_o as_o some_o maintain_v the_o saxon_n call_v it_o ancient_o beornica-ƿic_a that_o be_v the_o town_n of_o the_o bernician_o for_o that_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v call_v bernicia_n we_o have_v already_o note_v and_o the_o thing_n be_v too_o well_o know_v to_o be_v here_o repeat_v but_o whence_o ever_o it_o have_v its_o name_n its_o situation_n carry_v it_o a_o good_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o that_o and_o the_o twede_n almost_o encircle_v it_o be_v seat_v betwixt_o two_o mighty_a kingdom_n as_o pliny_n observe_v of_o palmyra_n in_o syria_n it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o first_o place_n that_o both_o nation_n in_o their_o war_n have_v have_v a_o eye_n on_o insomuch_o that_o ever_o since_o edward_n the_o first_o wring_v it_o out_o of_o the_o scotch_a hand_n the_o english_a have_v as_o often_o retake_v it_o as_o the_o scot_n have_v venture_v to_o seize_v it_o but_o if_o the_o reader_n please_v we_o will_v here_o give_v he_o a_o summary_n abstract_n of_o its_o history_n the_o old_a account_n i_o find_v of_o berwick_n be_v that_o william_n king_n of_o scot_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o english_a pawn_v it_o for_o his_o ransom_n to_o our_o henry_n the_o second_o redeemable_a only_o within_o such_o a_o time_n kk_o whereupon_o say_v the_o polychronicon_n of_o durham_n henry_n immediate_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o castle_n but_o richard_n the_o first_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o scot_n upon_o their_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n afterward_o king_n john_n as_o the_o history_n of_o melross_n report_v take_v the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o berwick_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o burn_v werk_n roxburgh_n mitford_n and_o morpath_n and_o with_o his_o rutar_n waste_v all_o northumberland_n because_o the_o baron_n of_o that_o county_n have_v do_v homage_n to_o alexander_n king_n of_o scot_n at_o feltun_n a_o great_a many_o year_n after_o this_o when_o john_n balliol_n king_n of_o scotland_n have_v break_v his_o oath_n edward_n the_o first_o reduce_v berwick_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1297._o but_o soon_o after_o the_o fortune_n of_o war_n favour_v the_o scot_n our_o man_n quit_v it_o and_o they_o seize_v it_o but_o the_o english_a forthwith_o have_v it_o surrender_v to_o they_o again_o afterward_o in_o the_o loose_a reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o peter_z spalding_n surrender_v it_o to_o robert_n brus_n king_n of_o scot_n who_o warm_o besiege_v it_o and_o the_o english_a vain_o attempt_v its_o recovery_n till_o our_o hector_n edward_z the_o three_o brave_o carry_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1333._o in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o some_o scottish_a moss-troopers_a surprise_v the_o castle_n which_o within_o nine_o day_n be_v recover_v by_o henry_n percy_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n within_o seven_o year_n after_o this_o the_o scot_n regain_v it_o but_o by_o purchase_n not_o by_o their_o valour_n whereupon_o the_o say_v henry_n percy_n be_v then_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n be_v accuse_v of_o high-treason_n but_o he_o also_o corrupt_v the_o scot_n with_o money_n and_o so_o get_v it_o again_o a_o long_a time_n after_o this_o when_o england_n be_v almost_o spend_v in_o civil_a war_n henry_n the_o six_o be_v already_o flee_v into_o scotland_n deliver_v it_o up_o to_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n the_o better_a to_o secure_v himself_o in_o that_o kingdom_n two_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o thomas_n stanley_n with_o a_o great_a loss_n of_o man_n reduce_v it_o to_o the_o obedience_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o since_o which_o time_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v several_a time_n fortify_v it_o with_o new_a work_n but_o especial_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o late_o to_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o security_n of_o the_o burgher_n have_v draw_v it_o into_o a_o less_o compass_n than_o before_o and_o surround_v it_o with_o a_o high_a stone_n wall_n of_o firm_a ashler_n work_n which_o be_v again_o strengthen_v with_o a_o deep_a ditch_n bastion_n and_o counterscarp_n so_o that_o its_o fortification_n be_v so_o strong_a and_o regular_a that_o no_o besieger_n can_v hope_v to_o carry_v it_o hereafter_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o valour_n of_o the_o garrison_n and_o the_o surprise_v plenty_n of_o ammunition_n and_o all_o warlike_a store_n be_v it_o also_o remember_v that_o the_o governor_n of_o this_o place_n be_v always_o a_o person_n of_o the_o great_a wisdom_n and_o eminence_n among_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o be_v also_o warden_n of_o these_o eastern_a march_n the_o mathematician_n have_v place_v this_o town_n in_o 21_o degree_n and_o 43_o minute_n of_o longitude_n and_o in_o 55_o and_o 48_o of_o northern_a latitude_n so_o that_o the_o long_a day_n in_o this_o climate_n consist_v of_o seventeen_o hour_n and_o 22_o minute_n and_o its_o night_n have_v only_o six_o hour_n and_o 38_o minute_n day_n brita_n have_v 〈◊〉_d of_o day_n so_o true_o have_v servius_n honoratus_n write_v of_o this_o country_n britain_n say_v he_o have_v such_o plenty_n of_o day_n that_o she_o have_v hardly_o any_o room_n for_o night_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o wonder_n that_o the_o soldier_n of_o this_o garrison_n be_v able_a to_o play_v all_o night_n at_o die_n without_o a_o candle_n if_o we_o consider_v their_o thorough_a twilight_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o juvenal_n expression_n minimâ_fw-la contentos_fw-la nocte_fw-la britannos_fw-la britain_n with_o short_a night_n content_a take_v at_o part_v j._n jonston_n verse_n upon_o berwick_n scotorum_fw-la extremo_fw-la sub_fw-la limit_fw-la meta_fw-la furoris_fw-la saxonidum_fw-la gentis_fw-la par_fw-fr utriusque_fw-la labour_n mille_fw-fr vice_n rerum_fw-la quae_fw-la mille_fw-la est_fw-la passa_fw-la ruinas_fw-la mirum_fw-la quî_fw-la potuit_fw-la tot_fw-la superesse_fw-la
then_o by_o mask_n where_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o lead_n from_o thence_o by_o richmondia_n common_o richmond_n richmond_n richmond_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o shire_n enclose_v with_o wall_n of_o no_o great_a compass_n yet_o by_o the_o suburb_n which_o shoot_v out_o in_o length_n to_o the_o three_o gate_n it_o be_v pretty_a populous_a it_o be_v build_v by_o alan_n the_o first_o earl_n who_o not_o dare_v to_o rely_v upon_o gilling_n â—â—lling_v â—â—lling_v his_o village_n or_o manor_n hard_a by_o to_o withstand_v the_o assault_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n who_o the_o norman_n have_v stripe_v of_o their_o inheritance_n grace_v it_o with_o this_o name_n signi_fw-la ie_v a_o rich_a mount_n and_o fortify_v it_o with_o wall_n and_o a_o very_a strong_a castle_n situate_v upon_o a_o rock_n from_o whence_o it_o look_v down_o upon_o the_o river_n small_a which_o with_o a_o great_a murmur_n seem_v to_o rush_v rather_o than_o run_v among_o the_o stone_n the_o village_n gilling_n be_v rather_o holy_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n than_o strong_a in_o respect_n of_o its_o fortification_n ever_o since_o oswius_fw-la k._n of_o northumberland_n by_o the_o treachery_n of_o his_o hospitis_fw-la hospitis_fw-la host_n be_v slay_v in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v call_v by_o bede_n gethling_n to_o expiate_v who_o murder_n a_o monastery_n be_v build_v here_o which_o be_v high_o esteem_v and_o honour_v by_o our_o ancestor_n more_o towards_o the_o north_n stand_v ravenswath_n â—â—vensâ—â—th_n â—â—vensâ—â—th_n a_o castle_n encompass_v with_o a_o pretty_a large_a wall_n now_o ruinous_a which_o belong_v to_o those_o baron_n call_v fitz-hugh_n fitz-hugh_a â—â—ron_n fitz-hugh_a descend_v from_o a_o old_a line_n of_o english_a who_o be_v lord_n of_o this_o place_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o flourish_v till_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 7._o being_n enrich_v with_o great_a estate_n by_o marriage_n with_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o famous_a family_n of_o the_o forneaux_n and_o marmion_n which_o go_v at_o last_o by_o female_n to_o the_o fienes_n lord_n dacre_n in_o the_o south_n and_o to_o the_o parr_n three_o mile_n below_o richmond_n the_o small_a flow_v by_o that_o old_a city_n which_o ptolemy_n and_o antoninus_n call_v caturactonium_n â—â—â—uractoâ—â—â—m_fw-la â—â—â—uractoâ—â—â—m_fw-la and_o catarracton_n but_o bede_n catarractan_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o village_n near_o catarracta_n â—â—â—aricke_n â—â—â—aricke_n which_o make_v i_o think_v that_o name_n give_v it_o from_o the_o catarract_n see_v here_o be_v a_o great_a fall_n of_o water_n hard_o by_o though_o near_a richmond_n where_o as_o i_o already_o observe_v the_o small_a rather_o rush_v than_o run_v its_o water_n be_v dash_v and_o break_v by_o those_o crag_n it_o meet_v with_o and_o why_o shall_v he_o call_v it_o a_o village_n near_o catarracta_n if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o cataract_n of_o the_o water_n there_o that_o it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a note_n in_o those_o time_n may_v be_v infer_v from_o ptolemy_n because_o a_o observation_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v take_v there_o for_o in_o his_o magna_fw-la constructio_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o he_o describe_v the_o 24_o parallel_n to_o be_v through_o catarractonium_n in_o britain_n and_o to_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 57_o degree_n yet_o in_o his_o geography_n he_o define_v the_o long_a day_n to_o be_v 18_o equinoctial_a hour_n so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o own_o calculation_n it_o be_v distant_a 58_o degree_n habet_fw-la â—gnum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d nisi_fw-la noâ—_n habet_fw-la but_o at_o this_o day_n as_o the_o poet_n say_v it_o have_v nothing_o great_a but_o the_o memory_n of_o what_o it_o be_v for_o it_o be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a village_n call_v catarrick_n and_o catarrick-bridge_n â—â—â—dge_n â—â—tarrick_n â—â—â—dge_n yet_o remarkable_a for_o its_o situation_n by_o a_o roman_a highway_n which_o cross_v the_o river_n here_o and_o for_o those_o heap_n of_o rubbish_n up_o and_o down_o which_o carry_v some_o colour_n of_o antiquity_n especial_o near_o ketterickswart_n and_o burghale_n which_o be_v somewhat_o distant_a from_o the_o bridge_n and_o likewise_o more_o eastward_a hard_a by_o the_o river_n where_o i_o see_v a_o huge_a mount_n as_o it_o be_v with_o four_o bulwark_n cast_v up_o with_o great_a labour_n to_o a_o considerable_a height_n m_o what_o it_o may_v suffer_v from_o the_o pict_n and_o saxon_n when_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n they_o lay_v waste_v the_o city_n of_o britain_n i_o can_v certain_o tell_v yet_o when_o the_o saxon_a government_n be_v establish_v it_o seem_v to_o have_v flourish_v though_o bede_n always_o call_v it_o a_o village_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 769_o it_o be_v burn_v by_o eanredus_n or_o beanredus_fw-la the_o tyrant_n who_o destroy_v the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n but_o immediate_o after_o he_o himself_o be_v miserable_o burn_v and_o catarractonium_n begin_v to_o raise_v its_o head_n again_o for_o in_o the_o 77th_o year_n after_o king_n etheldred_n solemnize_v his_o marriage_n with_o the_o daughter_n of_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n here_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o continue_v long_o flourish_v for_o in_o the_o danish_a outrage_n which_o follow_v it_o be_v utter_o destroy_v the_o small_a after_o a_o long_a course_n not_o without_o some_o rub_n flow_v pretty_a near_o hornby_n hornby_n hornby_n a_o castle_n of_o the_o family_n de_fw-fr s._n quintin_n which_o afterward_o come_v to_o the_o cognier_n and_o beside_o pleasant_a pasture_n and_o country_n village_n see_v nothing_o but_o bedal_n bedal_n bedal_n situate_v upon_o another_o little_a river_n that_o run_v into_o it_o which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o glory_v in_o its_o baron_n brian_n baron_n sir_n brian_n brian_n fitz-alan_n fitz-alan_n fitz-alan_n famous_a for_o his_o ancient_a nobility_n be_v descend_v richmond_n descend_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n and_o richmond_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o richmond_n but_o for_o default_n of_o issue-male_a this_o inheritance_n be_v bring_v by_o daughter_n to_o the_o stapleton_n and_o the_o grey_n of_o rotherfeld_n the_o small_a be_v now_o past_o richmondshire_n draw_v near_a to_o the_o ure_n where_o it_o see_v topcliffe_n topcliffe_n topcliffe_n the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o percy_n call_v by_o marianus_n taden-clife_a who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 949._o the_o state_n of_o northumberland_n take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n there_o to_o king_n eldred_n the_o west-saxon_a brother_n to_o edmund_n n_o at_o the_o very_a confluence_n of_o these_o two_o river_n stand_v mitton_n mitton_n mitton_n a_o very_a small_a village_n but_o memorable_a for_o no_o small_a slaughter_n there_o for_o in_o the_o year_n 1319_o when_o england_n be_v almost_o make_v desolate_a by_o a_o rage_a plague_n the_o scot_n continue_v their_o ravages_n to_o this_o place_n and_o easy_o rout_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o priest_n and_o peasant_n which_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n have_v draw_v together_o against_o they_o but_o now_o to_o return_v from_o catarractonium_n the_o military-way_n fall_v into_o two_o road_n that_o towards_o the_o north_n lie_v by_o caldwell_n caldwell_n caldwell_n and_o aldburgh_n aldburgh_n aldburgh_n which_o import_v in_o the_o saxon_a language_n a_o old_a burgh_n by_o what_o name_n it_o go_v former_o i_o can_v easy_o guess_v it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o great_a city_n from_o its_o large_a ruin_n and_o near_o it_o by_o a_o village_n call_v stanwig_n lie_v a_o ditch_n of_o about_o eight_o mile_n long_o draw_v between_o the_o tee_n and_o the_o small_a as_o the_o way_n run_v towards_o the_o circium_fw-la the_o circium_fw-la northwest_n twelve_o mile_n off_o it_o go_v by_o bow_n bowes_n bowes_n at_o present_a a_o little_a village_n and_o sometime_o write_v bough_n where_o in_o former_a age_n the_o earl_n of_o richmond_n have_v a_o little_a castle_n a_o tribute_n call_v thorough-toll_a and_o their_o gallow_n but_o former_o it_o be_v call_v in_o antoninus_n itinerary_n lavatrae_n lavatrae_n lavatrae_n and_o levatrae_n as_o both_o its_o distance_n and_o the_o situation_n by_o a_o military_a way_n which_o be_v visible_a by_o the_o ridge_n of_o it_o do_v plain_o demonstrate_v the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o a_o old_a stone_n in_o the_o church_n use_v there_o not_o long_o ago_o for_o a_o communion-table_n with_o this_o inscription_n in_o honour_n of_o hadrian_n the_o emperor_n imp._n caesari_n divi_z traiani_n parthici_n max_n filio_fw-la divi_z nervae_fw-la nepoti_fw-la traiano_n hadria_n no_z aug._n pont_n maxm_fw-la cos._n i._n p.p._n coh_o four_o f._n io._n sev_n this_o fragment_n be_v also_o dig_v up_o here_o no_z l._n caesar_n frontinus_n coh_n i._o thrac_n in_o severus_n reign_n when_o virius_n lupus_n be_v legate_n and_o propraetor_n of_o britain_n the_o first_o cohort_n of_o the_o thracian_n be_v garrison_v here_o bâ—â—neum_fw-la â—neum_fw-la bâ—â—neum_fw-la for_o who_o sake_n he_o restore_v the_o balneum_fw-la or_o bath_n also_o
scot_n and_o picti_n and_o pehiti_n in_o the_o margin_n picti_n pict_n and_o the_o saxon_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o britain_n with_o all_o necessary_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o they_o upon_o which_o they_o stay_v in_o the_o country_n for_o some_o time_n and_o live_v in_o very_o good_a friendship_n with_o the_o britain_n till_o the_o commander_n observe_v that_o the_o land_n be_v large_a and_o fruitful_a that_o the_o native_n be_v no_o way_n incline_v to_o war_n and_o consider_v that_o themselves_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o saxon_n have_v no_o fix_a home_n send_v over_o for_o more_o force_n and_o strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n make_v one_o body_n against_o the_o britain_n force_v they_o out_o of_o the_o nation_n and_o divide_v the_o country_n among_o their_o own_o people_n thus_o much_o witichindus_n the_o origine_fw-la and_o etymology_n of_o the_o saxon_n like_v as_o of_o other_o nation_n have_v be_v confound_v with_o fabulous_a conjecture_n not_o only_o by_o monk_n who_o understand_v nothing_o of_o antiquity_n but_o even_o by_o some_o modern_a man_n who_o pretend_v to_o a_o accuracy_n of_o judgement_n one_o will_v have_v they_o derive_v from_o saxon_a son_n of_o negnon_fw-fr and_o brother_n of_o vandalus_n another_o from_o their_o stony_a temper_n a_o three_o from_o the_o remain_v of_o the_o macedonian_a army_n a_o four_o from_o certain_a knife_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o that_o rhyme_n in_o engelhusius_n quip_n brevis_fw-la gladius_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la saxa_n voco_fw-la unde_fw-la sibi_fw-la saxo_n nomen_fw-la traxisse_fw-la putatur_fw-la the_o saxon_a people_n do_v as_o most_o believe_v their_o name_n from_o saxa_n a_o short_a sword_n receive_v crantzius_n fetch_v they_o from_o the_o german_a catti_n and_o the_o learned_a capnio_n from_o the_o phrygian_n it_o phrygian_n another_o opinion_n be_v that_o they_o come_v from_o sassen_n native_n or_o inhabitant_n which_o in_o the_o modern_a saxon_a in_o saten_a though_o there_o want_v a_o reason_n how_o that_o câ—me_n to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o when_o the_o neighbour_n have_v a_o equal_a share_n to_o it_o of_o these_o every_o man_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o take_v his_o choice_n nor_o shall_v i_o make_v it_o my_o business_n to_o confute_v such_o fabulous_a opinion_n bow_n opinion_n stillingfleet_n orig._n britan._n p._n 306._o reject_v this_o opinion_n because_o there_o can_v no_o probable_a account_n be_v give_v how_o the_o sacae_n leave_v their_o own_o country_n to_o people_n saxony_n he_o seem_v most_o to_o favour_n that_o of_o the_o sachs_n oâ—_n short_a sword_n as_o the_o quirite_n have_v their_o name_n from_o quirt_n a_o sort_n of_o spear_n and_o the_o scythian_n from_o scytten_n to_o shoot_v with_o a_o bow_n only_o i_o think_v the_o conjecture_n of_o those_o learned_a german_n who_o imagine_v that_o the_o saxon_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o saci_n asia_n saxon_n from_o the_o sacar_n 〈◊〉_d asia_n the_o most_o powerful_a people_n of_o asia_n 72._o asia_n see_v seld._n polyolb_n p._n 72._o that_o they_o be_v so_o call_v as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v sacasone_n that_o be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o sacae_n and_o that_o out_o of_o scythia_n or_o sarmatia_n asiatica_fw-la they_o pour_v by_o little_a and_o little_a into_o europe_n along_o with_o the_o getes_n the_o swevi_n and_o the_o daci_n lanctâ—â—â—_n l._n 11.14_o lanctâ—â—â—_n deserve_v credit_n the_o best_a of_o any_o other_o and_o indeed_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o man_n who_o fetch_v the_o saxon_n out_o of_o asia_n where_o mankind_n have_v its_o rise_n and_o growth_n do_v not_o want_v some_o colour_n of_o reason_n for_o beside_o that_o strabo_n affirm_v that_o the_o sacae_n as_o before_o the_o cimerii_n have_v do_v do_v invade_v remote_a country_n and_o call_v a_o part_n of_o armenia_n sacacena_n after_o their_o own_o name_n ptolemy_n likewise_o place_v the_o sassone_n suevi_n massagetes_n and_o dahi_n in_o that_o part_n of_o scythia_n and_o cisner_n cisnâ—â—_n cisnâ—â—_n have_v observe_v that_o those_o nation_n after_o they_o come_v into_o europe_n retain_v the_o same_o vicinity_n they_o have_v former_o in_o asia_n nor_o be_v it_o less_o probable_a that_o our_o saxon_n come_v from_o either_o the_o sacae_n or_o sassone_n of_o asia_n neaâ—â—â—_n mitâ—â—â—_n neaâ—â—â—_n than_o it_o be_v that_o the_o german_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o germani_n of_o persia_n mention_v by_o herodotus_n which_o they_o almost_o positive_o conclude_v from_o the_o affinity_n of_o those_o language_n for_o that_o admirable_a scholar_n joseph_n scaliger_n have_v tell_v we_o that_o fader_n murder_n brader_n tutchter_fw-mi band_n and_o such_o like_a be_v still_o use_v in_o the_o persian_a language_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o say_v father_n mother_n brother_n daughter_n bond_n but_o when_o the_o saxon_n first_o begin_v to_o have_v any_o name_n in_o the_o world_n they_o live_v in_o cimbrica_n chersonesus_n which_o we_o now_o call_v denmark_n where_o they_o be_v place_v by_o ptolemy_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v any_o mention_n of_o they_o and_o in_o that_o place_n of_o lucan_n longisque_fw-la leves_fw-la axônes_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la light_n axons_n in_o long_a arm_n we_o be_v not_o to_o read_v saxones_n as_o some_o copy_n have_v it_o but_o the_o true_a read_v be_v axônes_n gaul_n axôâ—â—â—_n peopâ—â—â—_n gaul_n while_o they_o live_v in_o this_o cimbrica_n chersonesus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o dioclesian_n they_o come_v along_o with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o frank_n and_o mighty_o infest_a our_o coast_n so_o that_o the_o roman_n appoint_v carausius_n to_o repel_v they_o late_a they_o whether_o the_o early_a piracy_n of_o the_o saxon_n upon_o that_o coast_n mention_v by_o a_o great_a many_o author_n be_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v as_o if_o they_o than_o dwell_v between_o the_o elb_n and_o the_o rhine_n or_o only_o draw_v down_o thither_o to_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n of_o rob_v whilst_o still_o their_o habitation_n be_v in_o the_o cimbrick_n chersonese_n be_v a_o question_n among_o the_o learned_a camden_n here_o and_o bishop_n stillingfleet_n orig._n britan._n p._n 309._o favour_v the_o former_a opinion_n but_o archbishop_n usher_n primord_v c._n 12._o p._n 215._o fol._n think_v they_o come_v down_o much_o late_a afterward_o pass_v the_o river_n albis_n part_n of_o they_o break_v in_o by_o degree_n upon_o the_o suevian_a territory_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v the_o dukedom_n of_o saxony_n and_o part_n take_v possession_n of_o frisia_n and_o batavia_n which_o the_o frank_n have_v quit_v for_o the_o frank_n who_o have_v former_o inhabit_v the_o inmost_a of_o those_o fen_n in_o friesland_n some_o whereof_o be_v now_o wash_v into_o that_o sea_n which_o at_o this_o day_n we_o call_v the_o zuider-see_a and_o afterward_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o holland_n be_v receive_v into_o protection_n by_o constantius_n chlorus_n constantine_n the_o great_a and_o his_o son_n and_o send_v to_o cultivate_v the_o more_o desert_a part_n of_o gaul_n these_o i_o say_v either_o force_v a_o passage_n with_o the_o sword_n into_o more_o plentiful_a country_n or_o else_o as_o zosimus_n â—â—simus_fw-la â—â—simus_fw-la tell_v we_o drive_v out_o by_o the_o saxon_n leave_v holland_n from_o which_o time_n all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o sea-coast_n in_o germany_n who_o live_v by_o piracy_n have_v go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o saxon_n as_o before_o they_o be_v call_v frank_n those_o i_o mean_v who_o live_v in_o jutland_n sleswick_n holsatia_n ditmarse_n the_o bishopric_n of_o breme_n the_o county_n of_o oldenburg_n east_n and_o west_n friesland_n and_o holland_n for_o the_o saxon_a nation_n as_o be_v observe_v by_o fabius_n quaestor_n ethelwerd_v 950._o â—thelwerdâ—ephew's_n â—ephew's_z nephew_n to_o â—ing_n aâ—â—â—_n astonish_v aâ—out_o the_o â—â—aâ—_n 950._o who_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a line_n of_o the_o saxon_n include_v all_o the_o sea-coast_n between_o the_o river_n rhine_n and_o the_o city_n donia_n which_o now_o be_v common_o call_v danemarc_a this_o author_n not_o to_o conceal_v a_o person_n who_o have_v be_v so_o serviceable_a to_o i_o be_v first_o discover_v by_o the_o eminent_a mr._n thomas_n allen_n of_o oxford_n a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o among_o many_o other_o communicate_v to_o i_o from_o this_o coast_n it_o be_v that_o the_o saxon_n encourage_v by_o the_o many_o slaughter_n of_o the_o roman_n frequent_o break_v into_o the_o roman_a province_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n annoy_v this_o island_n till_o at_o last_o hengist_n himself_o come_v that_o this_o hengist_n set_v sail_n for_o england_n out_o of_o batavia_n or_o holland_n and_o afterward_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o leyden_n be_v confirm_v not_o only_o by_o the_o annal_n of_o holland_n but_o also_o by_o the_o noble_a janus_n dousa_n a_o man_n of_o admirable_a part_n and_o learning_n who_o of_o that_o burg_n or_o tower_n write_v thus_o lâ—ydâ—n_n â—he_v seâ—nd_n ode_n lâ—ydâ—n_n quem_fw-la circinato_fw-la moenium_fw-la ut_fw-la ambitu_fw-la
tuesday_n tuesday_n tuesday_n be_v derive_v from_o tuisco_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n they_o have_v a_o goddess_n they_o call_v eoster_n to_o who_o they_o sacrifice_v in_o the_o month_n april_n upon_o which_o say_v bede_n sacrifice_n the_o goddess_n eoster_n time_n of_o sacrifice_n they_o call_v april_n eoster-monath_a and_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v that_o season_n the_o feast_n of_o easter_n such_o easter_n but_o rather_o as_o i_o think_v of_o the_o rise_n of_o christ_n which_o our_o progenitor_n call_v east_n as_o we_o do_v now_o that_o part_n whenece_n the_o sun_n rise_v hol._n it_o have_v be_v well_o if_o he_o have_v tell_v we_o what_o progenitor_n these_o be_v that_o call_v the_o rise_n of_o chrst_n east_n for_o my_o part_n i_o know_v none_o such_o the_o angles_n say_v tacitus_n as_o do_v the_o other_o neighbour_a nation_n worship_v herthus_n i.e._n their_o mother_n earth_n goddess_n herthus_n a_o goddess_n herthus_n goddess_n see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a under_o the_o title_n herthus_n imagine_v that_o she_o interest_v herself_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o man_n and_o nation_n in_o our_o language_n that_o word_n still_o signify_v earth_n but_o not_o in_o the_o german_a for_o they_o use_v arden_n to_o signify_v earth_n earth_n earth_n the_o same_o ethelwerd_v before_o mention_v have_v leave_v we_o this_o account_n of_o their_o superstition_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o his_o own_o time_n the_o northern_a infidel_n have_v be_v seduce_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o to_o this_o day_n the_o dane_n norman_n and_o suevian_o worship_n woodan_n as_o their_o lord_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o barbarous_a nation_n honour_v woodan_n as_o a_o god_n and_o those_o pagan_n offer_v sacrifice_n to_o he_o to_o make_v they_o victorious_a and_o valiant_a but_o adam_n bremensis_n give_v a_o more_o full_a account_n of_o those_o matter_n in_o a_o temple_n call_v in_o their_o vulgar_a tongue_n ubsola_n the_o furniture_n whereof_o be_v all_o of_o gold_n the_o people_n worship_v the_o statue_n of_o three_o go_n thor_n the_o most_o powerful_a of_o they_o have_v a_o room_n by_o himself_o in_o the_o middle_n on_o each_o side_n of_o he_o be_v wodan_n and_o fricco_fw-it the_o emblem_n of_o they_o be_v these_o thor_n they_o take_v to_o be_v the_o ruler_n of_o the_o air_n thursday_n thursday_n and_o to_o send_v as_o he_o see_v convenient_a thunder_n and_o lightning_n wind_n and_o shower_n fair_a weather_n and_o fruit_n wodan_n the_o second_o be_v more_o valiant_a it_o be_v he_o that_o manage_n war_n and_o inspire_v people_n with_o courage_n against_o their_o enemy_n fricco_fw-it the_o three_o presents_z man_n with_o peace_n and_o pleasure_n and_o his_o statue_n be_v cut_v with_o a_o large_a ingenti_fw-la large_a priapo_n ingenti_fw-la privy-member_n they_o engrave_v wodan_n arm_v as_o mars_n be_v with_o we_o thor_n seem_v to_o be_v represent_v with_o the_o sceptre_n of_o jupiter_n but_o these_o error_n have_v at_o length_n give_v way_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o christianity_n after_o they_o have_v fix_v themselves_o in_o britain_n heptarchy_n a_o monarchy_n always_o even_o in_o the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n they_o divide_v it_o into_o seven_o kingdom_n and_o make_v of_o it_o a_o heptarchy_n but_o even_o in_o that_o he_o who_o be_v most_o powerful_a be_v as_o bede_n have_v observe_v style_v king_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n c._n l._n 2._o c._n so_o that_o in_o the_o very_a heptarchy_n there_o seem_v always_o to_o have_v be_v a_o sort_n of_o monarchy_n afterward_o austin_n who_o be_v common_o call_v the_o english_a apostle_n apostle_n austin_n the_o english_a apostle_n be_v dispatch_v hither_o by_o gregory_n the_o great_a and_o banish_v those_o monster_n of_o heathenish_a profaneness_n do_v with_o wonderful_a success_n plant_n christ_n in_o their_o heart_n and_o convert_v they_o to_o the_o christian_a faith_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o gregory_n shall_v have_v so_o peculiar_a a_o concern_n for_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n christianity_n conversion_n of_o the_o english_a to_o christianity_n we_o may_v learn_v from_o venerable_a bede_n who_o have_v leave_v we_o what_o himself_o have_v by_o tradition_n the_o report_n go_v that_o on_o a_o certain_a day_n 1._o lib._n 2._o c._n 1._o when_o the_o merchant_n be_v new_o come_v ashore_o and_o great_a variety_n of_o ware_n be_v expose_v to_o sale_n many_o chapman_n flock_v together_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n gregory_n himself_o he_o take_v notice_n among_o other_o thing_n of_o some_o boy_n that_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v their_o body_n be_v white_a their_o look_n sweet_a and_o their_o hair_n lovely_a after_o he_o have_v view_v they_o he_o inquire_v as_o the_o story_n go_v from_o what_o country_n or_o nation_n they_o come_v they_o tell_v he_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o be_v all_o of_o that_o beautiful_a complexion_n next_o he_o ask_v they_o whether_o the_o people_n of_o that_o island_n be_v christian_n or_o be_v yet_o involve_v in_o the_o error_n of_o paganism_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o be_v pagan_n at_o which_o fetch_v a_o deep_a sigh_n alas_o say_v he_o that_o the_o father_n of_o darkness_n shall_v be_v master_n of_o such_o bright_a face_n and_o that_o such_o comely_a look_n shall_v carry_v along_o with_o they_o a_o mind_n void_a of_o internal_a grace_n another_o question_n he_o put_v to_o they_o be_v about_o the_o name_n of_o that_o country_n they_o tell_v he_o the_o people_n be_v call_v angle_n and_o say_v he_o not_o amiss_o for_o as_o they_o have_v angelical_a look_n so_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o such_o shall_v be_v fellow-heir_n with_o the_o angel_n in_o heaven_n but_o what_o be_v the_o name_n of_o that_o peculiar_a province_n from_o whence_o these_o be_v bring_v it_o be_v answer_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o it_o be_v call_v deiri_n hol-deirness_a hol-deirness_a yes_o say_v he_o deiri_n as_o much_o as_o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la eruti_fw-la i.e._n deliver_v from_o wrath_n and_o invite_v to_o the_o mercy_n of_o christ._n what_o be_v the_o king_n name_n of_o that_o province_n they_o tell_v he_o aello_n and_o allude_v to_o the_o name_n it_o be_v fit_v say_v he_o that_o alleluia_n shall_v be_v sing_v in_o those_o part_n to_o the_o praise_n of_o god_n our_o creator_n upon_o this_o go_v to_o the_o pope_n for_o it_o happen_v before_o he_o be_v make_v pope_n himself_o he_o beg_v of_o he_o to_o send_v the_o english_a nation_n some_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n into_o britain_n by_o who_o preach_v they_o may_v be_v convert_v to_o christ_n add_v that_o himself_o be_v ready_a by_o the_o assistance_n of_o god_n to_o finish_v this_o great_a work_n if_o it_o shall_v please_v his_o holiness_n to_o have_v it_o carry_v on_o concern_v the_o same_o conversion_n gregory_n the_o great_a write_v thus_o behold_v how_o it_o have_v pierce_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o nation_n how_o the_o very_a bound_n of_o east_n and_o west_n be_v join_v in_o one_o common_a faith_n even_o the_o british_a tongue_n which_o use_v to_o mutter_v nothing_o but_o barbarity_n have_v a_o good_a while_n since_o begin_v to_o echo_v forth_o the_o hebrew_n halleluias_n in_o divine_a anthem_n and_o in_o a_o letter_n to_o austin_n himself_o who_o can_v express_v the_o general_a satisfaction_n among_o all_o faithful_a people_n since_o the_o english_a nation_n by_o the_o operate_a grace_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o the_o endeavour_n of_o you_o our_o brother_n have_v quit_v those_o black_a error_n and_o be_v enlighten_v with_o the_o beam_n of_o our_o holy_a faith_n since_o with_o a_o most_o pious_a zeal_n they_o now_o tread_v under_o foot_n those_o idol_n before_o which_o they_o former_o kneel_v with_o a_o blind_a sort_n of_o veneration_n in_o a_o ancient_a fragment_n of_o that_o age_n we_o read_v thus_o upon_o one_o single_a christmas-day_n to_o the_o eternal_a honour_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n austin_n baptize_v above_o ten_o thousand_o man_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o woman_n and_o child_n but_o pray_v how_o shall_v priest_n or_o any_o other_o in_o holy_a order_n be_v get_v to_o baptize_v such_o a_o prodigious_a number_n the_o archbishop_n after_o he_o have_v consecrate_v the_o river_n small_a austin_n the_o river_n small_a in_o yorkshire_n bede_n tell_v this_o whole_a matter_n of_o paulinus_n archbish_n of_o york_n not_o of_o austin_n order_v by_o the_o crier_n and_o principal_a man_n that_o they_o shall_v with_o faith_n go_v in_o two_o by_o two_o and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n baptize_v each_o other_o thus_o be_v they_o all_o regenerate_v by_o as_o great_a a_o miracle_n as_o once_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n pass_v over_o the_o divide_a sea_n and_o jordan_n when_o it_o be_v turn_v back_o for_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n here_o so_o great_a a_o variety_n both_o of_o sex_n and_o age_n pass_v such_o a_o deep_a channel_n
this_o city_n be_v both_o besiege_v and_o storm_v first_o surrender_v itself_o to_o the_o saxon_n and_o in_o a_o few_o year_n as_o it_o be_v recover_v itself_o take_v the_o new_a name_n of_o akmancester_n q_o and_o grow_v very_o splendid_a for_o osbrich_n in_o the_o year_n 676._o build_v a_o nunnery_n and_o present_o after_o when_o it_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o mercian_n king_n offa_n build_v another_o church_n but_o both_o be_v destroy_v in_o the_o danish_a war_n r_o out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o these_o there_o grow_v up_o another_o church_n dedicate_v to_o s._n peter_n to_o which_o eadgar_n surname_v the_o peaceful_a because_o he_o be_v there_o inaugurate_v king_n grant_v several_a immunity_n the_o memory_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n still_o keep_v up_o by_o anniversary_n sport_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n as_o we_o read_v in_o domesday-book_n it_o geld_v for_o 20_o hide_n when_o the_o shire_n geld_v there_o be_v 64_o burgess_n of_o the_o king_n be_v and_o 30_o of_o other_o but_o this_o flourish_a condition_n be_v not_o lasting_a for_o present_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n robert_n mowbray_n nephew_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o constance_n who_o raise_v a_o hot_a rebellion_n against_o william_n rufus_n plunder_v and_o burn_v it_o but_o it_o get_v up_o again_o in_o a_o short_a time_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr villula_fw-la of_o tours_n in_o france_n who_o be_v bishop_n of_o wells_n do_v as_o malmesbury_n inform_v we_o pound_n we_o malmesbury_n have_v it_o quingentis_fw-la libris_fw-la i.e._n 500_o pound_n for_o five_o hundred_o mark_n purchase_v the_o city_n of_o henry_n 1._o whither_o he_o translate_v his_o see_n instance_n see_n he_o be_v only_o style_v bâ—shop_n of_o bath_n subscribe_v himself_o common_o joannes_n lathon_n as_o doctor_n gaidot_n in_o his_o ms._n history_n of_o the_o place_n have_v prove_v by_o several_a instance_n though_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o bishop_n of_o wells_n and_o build_v he_o here_o a_o new_a cathedral_n but_o this_o not_o long_o ago_o be_v ready_a to_o drop_v down_o oliver_z king_n bishop_n of_o bath_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o another_o near_o it_o exceed_v large_a and_o stately_a which_o he_o well-nigh_o finish_v and_o if_o he_o have_v quite_o finish_v it_o without_o all_o doubt_n it_o have_v exceed_v most_o cathedral_n in_o england_n but_o the_o untimely_a death_n of_o that_o great_a bishop_n with_o the_o public_a disturbance_n ensue_v disturbance_n and_o the_o suppression_n of_o religious_a house_n ensue_v and_o the_o avarice_n of_o some_o person_n who_o as_o it_o be_v say_v convert_v the_o money_n gather_v through_o england_n for_o that_o end_n to_o other_o use_n envy_v it_o this_o glory_n be_v however_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o bath_n have_v be_v a_o flourish_a place_n both_o for_o the_o woollen_a manufacture_n and_o the_o great_a resort_n of_o stranger_n year_n stranger_n for_o health_n twice_o a_o year_n and_o be_v now_o encompass_v d_o with_o wall_n wherein_o they_o have_v fix_v some_o ancient_a image_n and_o roman_a inscription_n to_o evidence_n the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o place_n but_o age_n have_v so_o wear_v they_o out_o that_o they_o be_v scarce_o legible_a and_o lest_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v want_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o bath_n bath_n earl_n of_o bath_n it_o have_v honour_v some_o of_o the_o nobility_n with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n for_o we_o read_v that_o philebert_n de_fw-fr chandew_n bear_v in_o bretagne_n in_o france_n have_v that_o title_n confer_v upon_o he_o by_o king_n henry_n 7._o afterward_o king_n henry_n 8._o in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n create_v john_n bourchier_n lord_n fitz-warin_a 8._o iâ—quis_n 31_o hen._n 8._o earl_n of_o bath_n bath_n bath_n who_o die_v short_o after_o leave_v by_o his_o wife_n the_o sister_n of_o h._n daubenâ—y_o earl_n of_o bridgewater_n john_n second_o earl_n of_o this_o family_n who_o by_o the_o daughter_n of_o george_n lord_n roos_n have_v john_n lord_n fitz-warin_a who_o decease_v before_o his_o father_n have_v by_o frances_n the_o daughter_n of_o sir_n thomas_n kitson_n of_o hengrave_n wâ—lliam_n now_o three_o earl_n of_o bath_n who_o die_v in_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n be_v succeed_v by_o john_n his_o son_n who_o die_v in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n he_o before_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n have_v john_n lord_n fitz_n warin_n from_o who_o be_v descend_v william_n the_o present_a earl_n of_o bath_n who_o every_o day_n improve_v the_o nobility_n of_o his_o birth_n with_o the_o ornament_n of_o learning_n ss_z geographer_n make_v the_o longitude_n of_o this_o city_n to_o be_v 20_o degree_n and_o 56_o minute_n the_o latitude_n 51_o degree_n and_o 21_o minute_n for_o a_o conclusion_n take_v if_o you_o please_v those_o verse_n such_o as_o they_o be_v concern_v bath_n make_v by_o necham_n who_o flourish_v 400_o year_n ago_o bathoniae_fw-la thermas_fw-la vix_fw-la praefero_fw-la virgilianas_n confecto_fw-la prosunt_fw-la balnea_fw-la nostra_fw-la seni_fw-la prosunt_fw-la attritis_fw-la collisis_fw-la invalidisque_fw-la et_fw-la quorum_fw-la morbis_fw-la frigida_fw-la causa_fw-la subest_fw-la praevenit_fw-la humanum_fw-la stabilis_fw-la natura_fw-la laborem_fw-la seruit_fw-la naturae_fw-la legibus_fw-la artis_fw-la opus_fw-la igne_fw-la svo_fw-la succensa_fw-la quibus_fw-la data_fw-la balnea_fw-la fervent_a aenea_fw-la subter_fw-la aquas_fw-la vasa_fw-la latere_fw-la putant_fw-la errorem_fw-la figmenta_fw-la solent_fw-la inducere_fw-la passim_fw-la sed_fw-la quid_fw-la sulphureum_fw-la novimus_fw-la esse_fw-la locum_fw-la scarce_a we_o to_o virgil_n bath_n the_o preference_n give_v here_o old_a decrepit_a wretch_n find_v relief_n to_o bruise_n sore_n and_o every_o cold_a disease_n apply_v they_o never_o fail_v of_o quick_a success_n thus_o human_a ill_n kind_a nature_n do_v remove_v thus_o nature_n kindness_n human_a art_n improve_v they_o be_v apt_a to_o fancy_v brazen_a stove_n below_o to_o which_o their_o constant_a heat_n the_o water_n owe._n thus_o idle_a tale_n delude_v mind_n possess_v but_o what_o we_o know_v that_o it_o be_v a_o sulph'ry_a place_n take_v also_o if_o you_o think_v they_o worth_a your_o read_n then_o ancient_a inscription_n late_o dig_v up_o upon_o the_o highway_n below_o the_o city_n in_o waldcotfield_n and_o remove_v by_o robert_n chamber_n a_o great_a admirer_n of_o antiquity_n into_o his_o garden_n where_o i_o transcribe_v they_o c._n murrius_n c._n f._n arniensis_n foro_fw-la juli._n modestus_n mil._n leg_n ii_o â—licis_fw-la ii_o adjâ—â—â—â—cis_n prae_fw-la â—licis_fw-la ad._n p._n f._n juli._n secund_n an._n xxv_o stipend_n est_fw-la stipend_n hic_fw-la sâ—â—_n est_fw-la h._n s._n e._n dis_n manibus_n m._n valerius_n m._n pol._n eatinus_n *_o c._n eq_n miles_n leg_n aug._n an._n xxx_o stipen_v x._o h._n s._n e._n i_o see_v likewise_o these_o antiquity_n fasten_v on_o the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o wall_n between_o the_o north_n and_o west_n gate_n hercules_n hold_v up_o his_o left_a hand_n with_o his_o club_n in_o the_o right_n in_o a_o break_a piece_n of_o stone_n be_v this_o write_n in_o large_a and_o beautiful_a letter_n decâ—â—ioni_fw-la letter_n decâ—â—ioni_fw-la dec_n coloniae_fw-la gloucester_n coloniae_fw-la glevi_n 〈◊〉_d gloucester_n gleu._n vixit_fw-la an._n lxxxvi_o next_o leave_v fold_v in_o hercules_n bend_v two_o snake_n and_o in_o a_o sepulchral_v table_n between_o two_o little_a image_n one_o whereof_o hold_v a_o amalthaean_a horn_n there_o be_v write_v in_o a_o worse_a character_n and_o scarce_o legible_a d._n m._n succ_n petroniae_fw-la vixit_fw-la ann._n four_o meâ—â—_n four_o meâ—â—_n m._n four_o die_n four_o die_n d._n xv._o epo_n mulus_n et_fw-fr victisirana_n â—cerunt_fw-la victisirana_n filix_fw-la â—rissime_fw-la â—cerunt_fw-la fil._n kar._n fec_n a_o little_a below_o in_o a_o break_a piece_n of_o stone_n and_o large_a letter_n be_v urn_n jop_n between_o the_o west_n and_o south_n gate_n ophiucus_n enfold_v by_o a_o serpent_n two_o man_n head_n with_o curl_a lock_n within_o the_o coping_n of_o the_o wall_n a_o hare_n run_v and_o underneath_o in_o a_o great_a stone_n this_o in_o letter_n a_o cross_n vlia_n ilia_n a_o naked_a man_n as_o it_o be_v lay_v hand_n upon_o a_o soldier_n also_o between_o the_o battlement_n of_o the_o wall_n leaf_n two_o lying_z kiss_v and_o embrace_v each_o other_o a_o footman_n brandish_v his_o sword_n and_o hold_v forth_o his_o shield_n another_o footman_n with_o a_o spear_n and_o these_o letter_n across_o on_o a_o stone_n iii_o usa_fw-la be_v vxsc._n and_o medusa_n head_n with_o her_o snaky_a hair_n to_o upon_o the_o same_o river_n avon_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v here_o between_o this_o county_n and_o glocestershire_n on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o it_o be_v cainsham_n cainâ—â—_n cainâ—â—_n so_o name_v from_o keina_n a_o devout_a british_a virgin_n who_o many_o of_o the_o last_o age_n through_o a_o over-credulous_a temper_n believe_v to_o have_v change_v serpent_n into_o stone_n stone_n serpeâ—â—_n stone_n because_o they_o find_v sometime_o in_o
worcester_n chester_n sidnacester_n hereford_n helmham_n and_o dorchester_n be_v also_o erect_v into_o a_o province_n for_o it_o in_o which_o state_n it_o continue_v from_o the_o year_n 766._o to_o 797._o 797._o an._n 766._o 794._o 795._o 797._o in_o all_o 31_o year_n and_o in_o that_o time_n as_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n tell_v we_o there_o sit_v 3_o archbishop_n at_o lichfield_n viz._n ealdulphus_fw-la humbertus_fw-la and_o last_o higbertus_n in_o who_o time_n the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n be_v restore_v to_o its_o former_a dignity_n by_o kinulf_n or_o kenwolf_n also_o king_n of_o the_o mercian_n i_o from_o otford_n the_o river_n pass_v down_o to_o derwent_n derwent_n derwent_n otherwise_o darent_fw-la give_v its_o name_n to_o the_o place_n where_o vortimer_n the_o son_n of_o vortiger_n who_o be_v depose_v as_o nennius_n tell_v we_o not_o for_o marry_v hengist_n but_o his_o own_o daughter_n set_v upon_o the_o saxon_n and_o kill_v many_o of_o they_o k_n thence_o it_o go_v to_o dartford_n dartford_n dartford_n infamous_a for_o the_o rebellion_n of_o wat_n tylar_n and_o jack_n straw_n which_o begin_v here_o but_o now_o of_o late_a re-ennobled_n by_o give_v title_n to_o the_o honourable_a sir_n edw._n villiers_n who_o mar_n 20._o 1690._o be_v create_v baron_n villiers_n of_o hoo_n in_o this_o county_n and_o viscount_n villiers_n of_o dartford_n l_o then_o it_o run_v into_o the_o thames_n on_o which_o lie_v green-hithe_a where_o as_o mr._n lambard_n tell_v we_o pâ—â—â—_n mr._n lambard_n peâ—amb_n pâ—â—â—_n swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n land_v and_o encamp_v himself_o but_o i_o rather_o think_v it_o be_v up_o high_o in_o the_o country_n at_o the_o town_n call_v swanscombe_n there_o appear_v no_o remains_o of_o any_o such_o fortification_n now_o at_o green-hithe_a nor_o any_o tradition_n of_o it_o whereas_o swanscombe_n swanscâ—â—â—_n swanscâ—â—â—_n seem_v to_o have_v take_v its_o name_n from_o some_o such_o matter_n m_o below_o gravesend_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o thames_n stand_v cliff_n at_o hoo_n hoo._n cliff_n at_o hoo._n on_o a_o high_a rock_n of_o chalk_n where_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n and_o mr._n talbot_n prebend_n of_o norwich_n both_o eminent_a antiquary_n several_a council_n be_v hold_v the_o first_o call_v by_o cuthbert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n at_o which_o be_v present_a aethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n an._n 742_o the_o second_o under_o kenulph_n also_o king_n of_o mercia_n an._n 803_o and_o the_o three_o under_o ceolwulf_n his_o successor_n an._n 822_o upon_o which_o account_n mr._n lambard_n as_o well_o as_o our_o author_n doubt_n whether_o cloveshoo_n be_v not_o in_o mercia_n rather_o than_o in_o kent_n the_o king_n of_o mercia_n be_v either_o present_a at_o they_o or_o the_o council_n call_v by_o their_o authority_n neither_o of_o which_o will_v probable_o have_v be_v either_o at_o a_o place_n so_o remote_a from_o they_o or_o so_o incommodious_a for_o such_o a_o purpose_n nevertheless_o mr._n lambard_n upon_o the_o authority_n of_o talbot_n yet_o reserve_v a_o power_n of_o revoke_v upon_o better_a information_n agree_v that_o cliff_n at_o hoo_n must_v be_v the_o place_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o he_o find_v no_o such_o place_n as_o cloveshoo_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o mercia_n although_o there_o be_v divers_a place_n there_o that_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o cliff_n as_o well_o as_o this_o but_o a_o late_a conjecture_n seem_v to_o come_v near_o the_o truth_n place_v it_o at_o abbandun_v now_o abbington_n dict._n nom._n lâ—corum_fw-la explicat_fw-la in_o verbo_fw-la clâ—â—shoo_n somner_n saxâ—â—_n dict._n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o therefore_o most_o convenient_a for_o such_o a_o assembly_n this_o place_n ancient_o before_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o abbey_n there_o be_v call_v sheovesham_n which_o may_v either_o by_o corruption_n of_o speech_n or_o carelessness_n of_o the_o scribe_n be_v easy_o substitute_v instead_o of_o clovesham_n or_o cloveshoo_n as_o any_o body_n but_o moderate_o skill_a in_o these_o affair_n will_v quick_o grant_v n_o from_o cliff_n the_o thames_n flow_v on_o without_o the_o admission_n of_o any_o other_o river_n till_o it_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o main_a ocean_n where_o it_o meet_v with_o the_o medway_n which_o come_v out_o of_o surrey_n and_o sussex_n visit_v tunbridge_n tunbridge_n tunbridge_n southward_a from_o whence_o at_o about_o 4_o or_o 5_o mile_n distance_n lie_v the_o famous_a chalybiat_n spring_v call_v tunbridge-well_n so_o happy_o temper_v with_o martial_a salt_n and_o so_o useful_a in_o carry_v off_o many_o radicate_v distemper_n and_o procure_v impregnation_n that_o they_o have_v be_v frequent_v of_o late_a to_o that_o degree_n as_o to_o cause_v the_o build_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o house_n all_o about_o near_o the_o place_n together_o with_o a_o fair_a chapel_n wherein_o there_o be_v prayer_n read_v twice_o a_o day_n during_o the_o season_n most_o whereof_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o parish_n of_o tunbridge_n the_o whole_a be_v style_v tunbridge-well_n though_o the_o well_n themselves_o be_v in_o spelhurst_n the_o neighbour_a parish_n o_fw-la whence_o it_o pass_v on_o to_o maidstone_n maidstone_n maidstone_n give_v name_n to_o the_o town_n maidstone_n as_o some_o think_v be_v derive_v from_o and_o only_o a_o abbreviation_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a medÆ¿eageston_n as_o that_o again_o from_o the_o ancient_a british_a caer_fw-mi megwad_n or_o medwag_v the_o three_o of_o the_o city_n of_o britain_n as_o they_o stand_v number_v by_o 65._o by_o hist_o bâ—â—â—_n cap._n 65._o ninnius_n wherein_o perhaps_o they_o may_v come_v as_o near_o the_o mark_n or_o near_o if_o similitude_n of_o sound_n be_v of_o any_o importance_n as_o archbishop_n usher_n who_o will_v have_v the_o caer_fw-mi meguay_v or_o megwad_n of_o ninnius_n rather_o to_o be_v meivod_n in_o montgomeryshire_n which_o he_o will_v have_v too_o to_o be_v the_o mediolanum_n of_o antoninus_n and_o not_o our_o vagniacae_n which_o doubtless_o be_v so_o name_v from_o the_o river_n vaga_n and_o that_o so_o style_v from_o its_o extravagant_a straggle_a and_o wind_v as_o it_o do_v hereabout_o now_o that_o maidstone_n possess_v the_o true_a situation_n of_o the_o vagniacae_n of_o antonin_n mr._n camden_n prove_v from_o the_o best_a argument_n that_o a_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v capable_a of_o viz_o from_o its_o due_a distance_n from_o the_o station_n on_o each_o side_n it_o i.e._n 9_o mile_n from_o durobrovis_n and_o 18_o from_o noviomagus_n but_o then_o he_o must_v not_o place_n noviomagus_n at_o woodcot_n which_o be_v at_o least_o 30_o mile_n distant_a but_o rather_o as_o i_o say_v before_o at_o hollowood_n hill_n since_o the_o roman_n time_n it_o have_v also_o be_v esteem_v a_o considerable_a town_n in_o all_o age_n have_v have_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o have_v a_o palace_n here_o found_v as_o our_o author_n and_o some_o other_o say_v by_o archbishop_n ufford_n who_o if_o so_o must_v certain_o be_v very_o early_o in_o it_o 119._o it_o angiia_n â—acr_n â—ol_n 1._o p._n 12._o &_o a 1_n 119._o he_o not_o live_v after_o his_o election_n much_o above_o 6_o month_n and_o never_o receive_v either_o his_o pall_n or_o consecration_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v seldom_o number_v among_o the_o archbishop_n archbishop_z courtney_n be_v also_o a_o great_a friend_n to_o this_o town_n who_o build_v the_o college_n here_o where_o he_o order_v his_o esquire_n john_n boteler_n to_o bury_v he_o in_o the_o cemitery_n of_o this_o his_o collegiate_n church_n and_o not_o in_o the_o church_n itself_o where_o yet_o he_o have_v a_o tomb_n and_o have_v a_o epitaph_n too_o which_o be_v set_v down_o in_o â—85_n â—an_v mon._n 〈◊〉_d â—85_n weaver_n but_o this_o i_o rather_o believe_v to_o have_v be_v his_o cenotaph_n than_o his_o real_a place_n of_o burial_n it_o have_v be_v customary_a in_o old_a time_n for_o person_n of_o eminent_a rank_n and_o quality_n to_o have_v tomb_n erect_v in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o for_o mr._n somner_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o find_v in_o a_o lieger-book_n of_o christ-church_n that_o k._n rich._n 2._o happen_v to_o be_v at_o canterbury_n when_o he_o be_v to_o be_v bury_v command_v his_o body_n notwithstanding_o his_o own_o order_n to_o be_v there_o inter_v 266._o inter_v somner_n h._n i._o of_o cant._n pag._n 265_o 266._o where_o he_o still_o lie_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o black_a prince_n in_o a_o goodly_a tomb_n of_o alabaster_n yet_o remain_v nor_o have_v it_o yet_o much_o fall_v from_o its_o ancient_a dignity_n it_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o shire-town_n as_o they_o call_v it_o where_o the_o assize_n for_o the_o county_n be_v usual_o keep_v it_o be_v also_o a_o burrow_n send_v 2_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o short_a it_o be_v a_o large_a sweet_a and_o populous_a town_n and_o of_o late_a year_n render_v
be_v a_o famous_a mart_n town_n and_o very_o populous_a if_o this_o be_v allow_v there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o adelphius_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la colonia_n londinensium_n one_o of_o the_o british_a bishop_n at_o the_o first_o council_n of_o arles_n have_v his_o seat_n here_o though_o it_o be_v deny_v by_o some_o learned_a man_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o a_o imaginary_a supposition_n of_o a_o mistake_v commit_v by_o some_o ignorant_a transcriber_n l_o beside_o the_o roman_a coin_n the_o remain_v of_o antiquity_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n ms._n author_n aubr_n ms._n there_o be_v also_o old_a roman_a brick_n aequilateral_o square_a like_a paving-brick_n but_o thin_a and_o some_o huge_a thick_a one_o it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o the_o tower_n and_o church_n be_v build_v of_o roman_a brick_n and_o ruin_n and_o at_o the_o queens-head_n inn_n in_o the_o marketplace_n the_o stable_n as_o also_o the_o room_n above_o it_o be_v of_o roman_a building_n m_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o river_n be_v lair-marney_n lair-marney_n lair-marney_n essex_n lair-marney_n norden_n ms._n essex_n so_o call_v from_o the_o lord_n marney_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v and_o who_o with_o some_o other_o of_o that_o name_n lie_v inter_v in_o very_o fair_a tomb_n in_o the_o church_n there_o upon_o the_o sea-coast_n lie_v mersey-island_n island_n mersey_n island_n contain_v eight_o parish_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o may_v almost_o be_v keep_v against_o all_o the_o world_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o parliament_n clap_v in_o a_o thousand_o man_n to_o guard_v it_o from_o be_v seize_v by_o the_o dutch_a about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o dutch-war_n n_o beyond_o which_o to_o the_o east_n be_v great_a clackton_n clackton_n great_a clackton_n norden_n clackton_n norden_n where_o be_v sometime_o a_o stately_a house_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n and_o a_o park_n but_o the_o house_n be_v now_o fall_v and_o the_o park_n dispark_v o_fw-la to_o the_o north-east_n upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n be_v harwich_n harwich_n harwich_n ms._n harwich_n sylas_n tailor_n hist_n of_o harwich_n ms._n the_o wall_n of_o which_o town_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v and_o the_o street_n general_o pitch_v with_o a_o petrified_a sort_n of_o clay_n fall_v fâ—om_o the_o cliff_n thereabouts_o for_o from_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cliff_n between_o the_o beacon_n and_o the_o town_n issue_v a_o spring_n of_o excellent_a clear_a water_n and_o thereabouts_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o bluish_a clay_n which_o tumble_v down_o upon_o the_o shore_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o sea_n at_o high-water_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n turn_v into_o stone_n some_o that_o be_v new_a fall_v be_v as_o soft_a as_o the_o clay_n in_o the_o cliff_n other_o that_o have_v lie_v long_o crust_v over_o and_o hard_o but_o if_o open_v or_o break_v the_o clay_n be_v still_o soft_a in_o the_o middle_n other_o that_o have_v lie_v long_a be_v petrify_v to_o the_o very_a heart_n this_o water_n do_v petrifie_v wood_n as_o well_o as_o clay_n a_o large_a piece_n send_v from_o hence_o be_v reserve_v in_o the_o repository_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n after_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o kent_n under_o the_o title_n of_o arsenal_n for_o the_o royal_a navy_n it_o will_v not_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o our_o learned_a author_n enlarge_v no_o far_o in_o his_o observation_n upon_o this_o place_n than_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o road_n without_o aught_o mention_v of_o the_o importance_n which_o through_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o marine_a action_n of_o england_n since_o his_o time_n it_o have_v be_v of_o to_o the_o crown_n for_o 40_o year_n past_a and_o now_o be_v from_o its_o present_a convenience_n for_o the_o ready_a clean_v and_o refit_v of_o ship_n of_o war_n resort_v thither_o on_o that_o behalf_n and_o its_o capacity_n for_o new-erection_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o second_o and_o three_o rate_n divers_n whereof_o have_v be_v since_o then_o build_v and_o other_o say_v to_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o hand_n there_o to_o the_o great_a accommodation_n of_o the_o state_n and_o total_a extinction_n of_o the_o use_n our_o ancestor_n do_v to_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o century_n general_o make_v of_o colne-water_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o this_o place_n for_o the_o harbour_v of_o the_o royal_a navy_n over-against_o it_o at_o langerfort_n langerfort_n langerfort_n contract_v from_o land-guard-fort_n which_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v in_o suffolk_n be_v notwithstanding_o by_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o majesty_n ordnance_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n write_v in_o essex_n according_a to_o former_a precedent_n be_v the_o relic_n of_o a_o ancient_a fortification_n which_o show_v great_a labour_n and_o antiquity_n the_o line_n of_o it_o run_v southerly_a from_o a_o little_a without_o the_o town_n gate_n to_o the_o beacon-hillfield_a about_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o be_v a_o round_a artificial_a hill_n cast_v up_o probable_o either_o for_o place_v their_o standard_n upon_o or_o else_o for_o a_o tumulus_n over_o some_o one_o of_o their_o commander_n decease_v for_o that_o we_o find_v common_a in_o a_o great_a many_o part_n of_o england_n another_o work_n run_v across_o from_o the_o first_o easterly_a but_o they_o be_v both_o break_v off_o by_o the_o encroaching_n of_o the_o sea_n walton_n thorp_n kirkby_n walton_n south_n of_o harwich_n be_v thorp_n kirkby_n and_o walton_n ms._n walton_n norden_n essex_n ms._n include_v within_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n call_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o soak_v in_o these_o no_o man_n may_v be_v arrest_v by_o any_o kind_n of_o process_n but_o of_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o not_o by_o he_o but_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n first_o obtain_v the_o sheriff_n have_v no_o power_n within_o this_o liberty_n in_o any_o cause_n whatsoever_o but_o the_o bailiff_n execute_v all_o matter_n as_o if_o he_o have_v viscountile_a authority_n continuation_n of_o the_o earl_n robert_n the_o last_o earl_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n be_v restore_v in_o blood_n and_o honour_n 1_o jac._n 1._o be_v twice_o marry_v and_o by_o his_o second_o wife_n have_v only_o issue_n robert_n who_o die_v young_a so_o that_o depart_v this_o life_n sept._n 14._o 1646._o without_o issue_n that_o honour_n become_v vacant_a till_o short_o after_o the_o restoration_n k._n charles_n 2._o create_v arthur_n capel_n baron_n of_o hadham_n and_o viscount_n maldon_n earl_n of_o essex_n who_o son_n algernon_n now_o enjoy_v that_o honour_n more_o rare_a plant_n grow_v wild_a in_o essex_n allium_fw-la sylvestre_fw-fr bicorne_n floor_z ex_fw-la herbaceo_fw-la albicante_fw-la cum_fw-la triplici_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la petalis_fw-la stria_fw-la atropurpurea_a an_fw-mi allium_fw-la sive_fw-la moly_n montanum_fw-la tertium_fw-la clus_o montanum_fw-la bicorne_n flore_fw-la exalbido_fw-la c._n b._n wild_a garlic_n with_o a_o herbaceous_a striate_a flower_n in_o a_o cornfield_n in_o black_a notley_n call_v west-field_n adjoin_v to_o leez-lane_n plentiful_o this_o plant_n be_v now_o almost_o lose_v in_o this_o field_n h._n alopecuros_fw-la maxima_fw-la anglica_n paludosa_fw-la park_n the_o great_a english_a marsh_n fox-tail-grass_n say_a by_o lobel_n to_o grow_v in_o the_o moist_a ditch_n near_o the_o river_n thames_n argemone_n capitulo_fw-la longiore_fw-la glabro_fw-la mor._n d._n plot_n in_o hist_n nat_n oxon._n smooth-headed_n bastard_n poppy_n this_o be_v find_v by_o mr._n dale_n at_o bocking_n k._n atriplex_fw-la maritima_fw-la laciniata_fw-la c._n b._n jagged_a sea-orrache_a on_o the_o sandy_a shore_n in_o mersey-island_n near_o colchester_n plentiful_o also_o on_o the_o sandy_a shore_n at_o little_a holland_n in_o tender_v hundred_o and_o elsewhere_o atripâ—ex_fw-la angustifolia_fw-la maritima_fw-la dentata_fw-la hist_n nost_n p._n 193._o a_o atrip_n angustifolia_fw-la laciniata_fw-la minor_fw-la j._n b_o maritima_fw-la angustifolia_fw-la c._n b._n prod_v at_o maldon_n by_o the_o river_n and_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o marsh_n plentiful_o auricula_fw-la leporis_fw-la minima_fw-la j._n b._n a_o bupleurum_fw-la minimum_fw-la col._n park_n angustissimo_fw-la folio_n c._n b._n the_o least_o hares-ear_n at_o maldon_n in_o the_o marsh_n by_o the_o river_n side_n plentiful_o clematis_n daphnoide_v major_a c._n b._n major_a flore_fw-la coeruleo_fw-la albo_fw-la j._n b._n daphnoid_v sive_fw-la pervinca_fw-la major_n ger._n daph._n latifolia_fw-la sive_fw-la vinca_n pervinca_fw-la major_a park_n the_o great_a periwinkle_n find_a near_o colchester_n hy_z dr._n richardson_n this_o plant_n i_o have_v find_v out_o of_o garden_n but_o be_v native_a of_o hot_a country_n and_o frequent_a about_o montpellier_n i_o suspect_v it_o may_v owe_v its_o original_n to_o some_o plant_n weed_v up_o and_o throw_v out_o thence_o clematis_n daphnoide_v minor_a j._n b._n c._n b._n vinca_n pervinca_fw-la officinarum_fw-la minor_fw-la ger._n vulgaris_fw-la park_n periwinkle_n i_o have_v observe_v it_o in_o some_o field_n by_o the_o road-side_n lead_v
which_o be_v but_o shallow_a however_o they_o have_v communication_n with_o one_o another_o by_o two_o causey_n make_v over_o it_o which_o have_v each_o of_o they_o their_o respective_a sluice_n the_o south_n part_n or_o that_o hithermost_a be_v by_o much_o the_o great_a divide_v into_o several_a street_n and_o have_v in_o it_o a_o school_n and_o for_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a people_n a_o pretty_a large_a hospital_n dedicate_v to_o st._n john_n the_o further_a be_v the_o less_o yet_o beautify_v with_o a_o very_o sightly_o church_n which_o with_o the_o fine_a wall_n that_o castle_n like_v surround_v it_o those_o fair_a neat_a house_n for_o the_o prebendary_n and_o the_o bishop_n palace_n all_o about_o it_o make_v a_o incomparable_a show_n with_o those_o three_o lofty_a pyramid_n of_o stone_n in_o it_o this_o be_v a_o bishop_n see_v many_o age_n since_o for_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n 606._o oswy_a king_n of_o northumberland_n have_v conquer_v the_o pagan_a mercian_n build_v a_o church_n here_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o ordain_v duina_n the_o first_o bishop_n who_o successor_n be_v so_o much_o in_o favour_n with_o their_o prince_n that_o they_o not_o only_o have_v the_o pre-eminence_n among_o all_o the_o mercian_n bishop_n and_o be_v enrich_v with_o very_o large_a possession_n cankwood_n or_o canoc_n a_o very_a great_a wood_n and_o other_o exceed_a rich_a farm_n be_v give_v they_o but_o the_o see_v also_o have_v have_v a_o archbishop_n namely_o eadulph_n to_o who_o pope_n adrian_n give_v the_o pall_n and_o make_v all_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o the_o east-angle_n subject_n to_o he_o be_v induce_v to_o it_o by_o the_o golden_a argument_n of_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n out_o of_o envy_n to_o jeambert_n or_o lambert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n roâ—â—â—s_fw-fr about_o 〈◊〉_d year_n 〈◊〉_d hiâ—t_n roâ—â—â—s_fw-fr who_o offer_v his_o assistance_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a if_o he_o will_v invade_v england_n but_o this_o archiepiscopal_a dignity_n expire_v with_o offa_n and_o eadulph_n among_o the_o bishop_n the_o most_o eminent_a be_v câ—â—â—_n be_v s._n câ—â—â—_n chad_n who_o be_v canonize_v for_o his_o sanctity_n and_o as_o bede_n say_v when_o the_o prelacy_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o taint_v with_o excess_n and_o luxury_n make_v himself_o a_o house_n to_o live_v in_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o church_n wherein_o with_o a_o few_o other_o that_o be_v with_o seven_o or_o eight_o of_o his_o brethren_n he_o be_v wont_v private_o to_o read_v and_o pray_v as_o often_o as_o he_o have_v leisure_n from_o his_o labour_n and_o administer_a of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n in_o that_o age_n lichfield_n be_v but_o a_o small_a village_n and_o in_o populousness_n far_o short_a of_o a_o city_n the_o country_n about_o it_o be_v woody_a and_o a_o little_a river_n run_v near_o it_o the_o church_n be_v but_o of_o small_a circuit_n according_a to_o the_o meanness_n of_o those_o ancient_a time_n when_o in_o a_o synod_n 1075._o it_o be_v prohibit_v that_o bishop_n see_v shall_v be_v in_o obscure_a village_n peter_n bishop_n of_o lichfield_n transfer_v his_o seat_n to_o chester_n but_o robert_n of_o limsey_n his_o successor_n remove_v it_o to_o coventry_n a_o little_a after_o roger_n clinton_n bring_v it_o back_o again_o to_o lichfield_n and_o begin_v a_o very_a fine_a church_n in_o 1148._o in_o honour_n to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o st._n ceada_n and_o repair_v the_o castle_n which_o be_v quite_o decay_a and_o nothing_o of_o it_o to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n the_o town_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n be_v first_o incorporate_v under_o the_o name_n of_o bailiff_n and_o burgess_n by_o k._n edward_n the_o six_o be_v 52_o degree_n and_o 42_o minute_n in_o latitude_n and_o in_o longitude_n 21_o degree_n 20_o minute_n o_fw-la fol._n o_fw-la bishop_n usher_z have_v rather_o place_v this_o terra_n conallea_n at_o clan-conal_a in_o the_o county_n of_o down_n antiquitat_fw-la brit._n eccl._n p._n 369._o fol._n this_o lake_n at_o lichfield_n be_v at_o first_o pen_v up_o into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n within_o its_o bank_n and_o then_o it_o grow_v wide_a afterward_o but_o unite_n itself_o at_o last_o into_o a_o channel_n it_o present_o fall_v into_o the_o trent_n which_o continue_v its_o course_n eastward_o till_o it_o meet_v the_o river_n tame_n from_o the_o south_n in_o conjunction_n with_o which_o it_o run_v through_o place_n abound_v with_o alabaster_n alabaster_n alabaster_n to_o the_o northward_o that_o it_o may_v soon_o receive_v the_o river_n dove_n and_o almost_o insulate_a burton_n trent_n burton_n upâ—â—_n trent_n former_o a_o remarkable_a town_n for_o the_o alabaster-work_n for_o a_o castle_n of_o the_o ferrars_n time_n ferrars_n build_v in_o the_o conquerour_n time_n for_o a_o ancient_a monastery_n found_v by_o ulfric_n spot_n earl_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o for_o the_o retirement_n of_o modwena_n mowâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v also_o 〈◊〉_d mowâ—â—â—_n a_o irish_a woman_n of_o the_o abbey_n the_o book_n of_o abingdon_n speak_v thus_o a_o certain_a servant_n of_o king_n aethelred_n call_v ulfric_n spot_n build_v the_o abbey_n of_o burton_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o all_o his_o paternal_a estate_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 700_o l._n and_o that_o this_o gift_n may_v stand_v good_a he_o give_v king_n aethelred_n 300_o manc_n of_o gold_n for_o his_o confirmation_n to_o it_o and_o to_o every_o bishop_n five_o manc_n beside_o the_o town_n of_o dumbleton_n over_o and_o above_o to_o alfrick_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n so_o that_o we_o may_v see_v from_o hence_o that_o gold_n be_v predominant_a in_o those_o age_n and_o that_o it_o sway_v and_o bias_v even_o in_o spiritual_a matter_n in_o this_o monastery_n modwena_n eminent_a for_o her_o sanctity_n in_o these_o part_n lie_v bury_v and_o on_o the_o tomb_n these_o verse_n be_v inscribe_v for_o her_o epitaph_n ortum_fw-la modwennae_fw-la that_fw-mi hibernia_n scotia_n finem_fw-la anglia_fw-it that_fw-mi tumulum_fw-la that_fw-mi deus_fw-la astra_fw-la poli_fw-fr prima_fw-la dedit_fw-la vitam_fw-la sed_fw-la mortem_fw-la terra_fw-la secunda_fw-la et_fw-la terram_fw-la terrae_fw-la tertia_fw-la terra_fw-la dedit_fw-la aufert_fw-la lanfortin_n quam_fw-la conel_n quam_fw-la â—_o conel_n terra_fw-la conallea_n profert_fw-la foelix_fw-la burtonium_fw-la virgin_n ossa_fw-la tenet_fw-la by_o ireland_n life_n by_o scotland_n death_n be_v give_v a_o tomb_n by_o england_n endless_a joy_n by_o heaven_n one_o boast_v her_o birth_n one_o mourn_v she_o hopeless_a fate_n and_o one_o do_v earth_n to_o earth_n again_o commit_v lanfortin_n ravish_v what_o tirconnel_n give_v and_o pious_a burton_n keep_v her_o sacred_a grave_n near_a burton_n between_o the_o river_n dove_n trent_n and_o blithe_n which_o water_n and_o give_v name_n to_o blithfield_n blithfield_n blithfield_n the_o delicate_a house_n of_o a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a family_n of_o the_o bagot_n be_v p_o stand_v needwood_n â—edwoodâ—â—â—_n â—edwoodâ—â—â—_n a_o large_a forest_n with_o many_o park_n in_o it_o wherein_o the_o gentry_n hereabout_o frequent_o exercise_v themselves_o with_o great_a labour_n and_o application_n in_o the_o pleasant_a toil_n of_o hunt_v so_o much_o for_o the_o inner_a part_n the_o north-part_n of_o the_o county_n gentle_o shoot_v into_o small_a hill_n which_o begin_v here_o and_o as_o the_o apennine_n do_v in_o italy_n run_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o england_n in_o one_o continue_a ridge_n rise_v high_a and_o high_o from_o one_o top_n to_o another_o as_o far_o as_o scotland_n but_o under_o several_a name_n for_o here_o they_o be_v call_v mooreland_n mooreland_n mooreland_n after_o that_o peake_n then_o again_o blackstonedge_n anon_o craven_a next_o stanmore_n and_o last_o of_o all_o when_o they_o branch_n out_o apart_o into_o horn_n cheviot_n this_o mooreland_n which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o rise_v into_o hill_n and_o mountain_n and_o be_v unfruitful_a which_o sort_n of_o place_n we_o call_v in_o our_o language_n moor_n be_v a_o tract_n so_o very_o rugged_a foul_a and_o cold_a that_o snow_n continue_v long_o undissolve_v on_o it_o so_o that_o of_o a_o country_n village_n here_o call_v wotton_n seat_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o weverhill_n the_o neighbour_n have_v this_o verse_n among_o they_o intimate_v that_o god_n never_o be_v in_o that_o place_n wotton_n under_o wever_n where_o god_n come_v never_o size_n never_o nevertheless_o in_o so_o hard_a a_o soil_n it_o bring_v forth_o and_o feed_v beast_n of_o a_o large_a size_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n here_o that_o the_o west-wind_n always_o cause_v rain_n but_o that_o the_o east-wind_n and_o the_o southwind_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o produce_v rain_n in_o other_o place_n make_v fair_a weather_n here_o unless_o the_o wind_n shift_v about_o from_o the_o west_n into_o the_o south_n and_o this_o they_o ascribe_v to_o their_o small_a distance_n from_o the_o irish-sea_n from_o these_o mountain_n rise_v many_o river_n in_o this_o shire_n
of_o scotland_n be_v contain_v in_o less_o bound_n be_v divide_v from_o england_n by_o the_o water_n of_o tweed_n to_o carhoom_n then_o by_o keddon-burn_a haddon-rigg_a black-down-hill_n morsla-hill_n battinbuss-hill_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o river_n keal_n and_o ted_n after_o by_o kersop-burn_a liderwater_n esk_n to_o the_o tod-holls_a the_o marchdike_n to_o white-sack_n and_o solloway-frith_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v the_o irish-sea_n on_o the_o north_n the_o deucaledonian_n and_o on_o the_o east_n the_o german_a ocean_n on_o all_o which_o side_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n it_o have_v several_a isle_n belong_v to_o it_o from_o the_o mule_n of_o galloway_n in_o the_o south_n to_o dungsbay-head_n in_o the_o east-point_n of_o cathness_n in_o the_o north_n it_o be_v about_o 250_o mile_n long_o and_o betwixt_o buchan-ness_a on_o the_o east_n sea_n and_o ardnamurchan-point_n on_o the_o west_n 150_o mile_n broad_a the_o most_o southerly_a part_n of_o it_o about_o whitern_n be_v 54_o degree_n 54_o min._n in_o latitude_n and_o in_o longitude_n 15_o degree_n 40_o min._n the_o northermost_a part_n the_o abovementioned_a dungsbay-head_n be_v 58_o degree_n 32_o some_o say_v 30._o min._n in_o latitude_n and_o 17_o degree_n 50_o minute_n in_o longitude_n the_o long_a day_n be_v about_o 18_o hour_n and_o two_o minute_n and_o the_o short_a night_n 5_o hour_n and_o 45_o minute_n temperate_a the_o air_n temperate_a it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o caesar_n say_v of_o britain_n coelum_fw-la gallico_n temperatius_fw-la for_o even_o in_o scotland_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a and_o temperate_a than_o in_o the_o continent_n under_o the_o same_o climate_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o warm-vapour_n from_o the_o sea_n upon_o all_o side_n and_o the_o continual_a breeze_n of_o the_o wind_n from_o thence_o the_o heat_n in_o summer_n be_v no_o way_n scorch_v the_o constant_a wind_n purify_v the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o always_o in_o motion_n so_o that_o it_o be_v seldom_o any_o epidemic_a disease_n rage_v here_o scotland_n hill_n in_o scotland_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n be_v hilly_a and_o mountainous_a there_o be_v but_o few_o plain_n and_o they_o of_o no_o great_a extent_n those_o they_o have_v be_v general_o by_o the_o seaside_n and_o from_o thence_o the_o ground_n begin_v to_o rise_v sensible_o the_o far_a in_o the_o country_n the_o high_a so_o that_o the_o great_a hill_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o hill_n especial_o upon_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o country_n breed_v abundance_n of_o cow_n which_o not_o only_o afford_v store_n of_o butter_n and_o cheese_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o likewise_o considerable_a profit_n by_o the_o vent_n of_o their_o hide_n and_o tallow_n and_o the_o great_a number_n that_o be_v sell_v in_o england_n when_o there_o be_v no_o prohibition_n their_o size_n as_o also_o that_o of_o their_o sheep_n be_v but_o small_a but_o the_o meat_n of_o both_o of_o a_o exceed_o fine_a taste_n and_o very_o nourish_v the_o highland_n afford_v great_a flock_n of_o goat_n with_o store_n of_o deer_n and_o be_v clear_v from_o wolf_n the_o whole_a country_n have_v good_a store_n and_o variety_n of_o fowl_n both_o tame_a and_o wild_a the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n 〈◊〉_d quaity_n 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d compare_v in_o general_a with_o that_o of_o england_n be_v not_o near_o so_o good_a it_o be_v common_o more_o fit_a for_o pasture_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v very_o well_o water_v where_o the_o surface_n be_v lean_a there_o be_v find_v metal_n and_o mineral_n and_o considerable_a quanties_n of_o lead_n be_v export_v yearly_o there_o be_v also_o good_a copper_n but_o they_o will_v not_o be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o work_v it_o but_o in_o much_o of_o the_o inland_n country_n especial_o where_o it_o lie_v upon_o some_o of_o the_o frith_n the_o soil_n be_v very_o good_a and_o there_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n grow_v that_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n the_o wheat_n be_v frequent_o export_v by_o merchant_n to_o spain_n holland_n and_o norwey_n barley_n grow_v plentiful_o and_o their_o oat_n be_v extreme_a good_a afford_v bread_n of_o a_o clean_a and_o wholesome_a nourishment_n in_o the_o low-ground_n they_o have_v store_n of_o pease_n and_o bean_n which_o for_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o feed_n be_v much_o use_v by_o the_o labour_a people_n in_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v not_o so_o fit_a for_o grain_n these_o grow_v great_a wood_n of_o timber_n to_o a_o vast_a bigness_n especial_o firr-tree_n which_o be_v find_v to_o thrive_v best_a in_o stony_a ground_n spring_n of_o mineral-water_n which_o the_o people_n find_v useful_a in_o several_a disease_n be_v common_a enough_o no_o country_n be_v better_a provide_v with_o fish_n beside_o flock_n of_o small_a whale_n the_o porpess_n and_o the_o meerswine_n frequent_o cast_v in_o great_a whale_n of_o the_o baleen_n or_o whale-bone_n kind_a and_o of_o the_o sperma_fw-la ceti_fw-la kind_n be_v cast_v now_o and_o then_o upon_o several_a part_n of_o the_o shore_n beside_o the_o grain_n and_o other_o commodity_n already_o name_v the_o merchant_n export_n alabaster_n linen_n and_o woollen_a cloth_n freeze_v plaid_n play_v stuff_n stocking_n malt_n and_o meal_n skin_n of_o rabbit_n hare_n etc._n etc._n fish_n egg_n ochre_n marble_n coal_n and_o salt_n the_o christian_a religion_n be_v very_o early_o plant_v here_o scoâ—land_n chrisâ—nity_n 〈◊〉_d in_o scoâ—land_n for_o tertullian_n word_n britannorum_fw-la inaccessa_fw-la romanis_n loca_fw-la christo_fw-la verò_fw-la subdita_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o separate_v by_o a_o wall_n from_o that_o part_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_n the_o religion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n establish_v by_o law_n be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o confession_n of_o faith_n authorise_a in_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n james_n 6._o and_o define_v in_o the_o 19_o article_n of_o the_o say_a confession_n to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o write_a word_n of_o god_n for_o the_o promotion_n of_o learning_n they_o have_v four_o university_n st._n andrews_n glasgow_n aberdeen_n scoâ—land_n learnâ—â—â—_n in_o scoâ—land_n and_o edinburgh_n wherein_o be_v professor_n of_o most_o of_o the_o liberal_a art_n endow_v with_o competent_a salary_n the_o division_n of_o scotland_n all_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o britain_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_v by_o the_o pict_n who_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o nation_n the_o dicalidonii_n and_o vecturiones_n of_o who_o i_o have_v speak_v already_o out_o of_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n but_o when_o the_o scot_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o this_o tract_n it_o be_v share_v into_o seven_o part_n among_o seven_o prince_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o a_o little_a ancient_a book_n of_o the_o division_n of_o scotland_n in_o these_o word_n the_o first_o part_n contain_v enegus_fw-la and_o maern_n the_o second_o atheodl_n and_o goverin_n the_o three_o stradeern_a with_o meneted_a the_o four_o be_v forthever_o the_o five_o mar_n with_o buchen_n the_o six_o muref_n and_o ross_n the_o seven_o cathness_n which_o mound_n a_o mountain_n divide_v in_o the_o midst_n run_v along_o from_o the_o western_a to_o the_o eastern_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o same_o author_n report_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o andrew_n bishop_n of_o cathness_n that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v divide_v likewise_o into_o seven_o territory_n the_o first_o from_o fryth_n so_o term_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o roman_n worid_n now_o scottwade_v to_o the_o river_n tae_n the_o second_o from_o hilef_n as_o the_o sea_n surround_v it_o to_o a_o mountain_n in_o the_o north-east_n part_n of_o sterling_n name_v athran_n the_o three_o from_o hilef_n to_o dee_fw-mi the_o four_o from_o dee_n to_o the_o river_n spe._n the_o five_o from_o spe_fw-mi to_o the_o mountain_n brunalban_n the_o six_o mure_n and_o ross_z the_o seven_o the_o kingdom_n of_o argathel_n as_o it_o be_v the_o border_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o be_v so_o call_v from_o gathelgas_n their_o captain_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o andâ—â—_n 〈…〉_o and._n 〈…〉_o andâ—â—_n manner_n and_o way_n of_o live_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o high-land-man_n and_o low-land-man_n these_o be_v more_o civilise_a and_o use_v the_o language_n and_o habit_n of_o the_o english_a the_o other_o more_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a and_o use_v that_o of_o the_o irish_a as_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v and_o shall_v discourse_v hereafter_o out_o of_o this_o division_n i_o exclude_v the_o borderer_n â—â—â—derers_n â—â—â—derers_n because_o they_o by_o the_o bless_a and_o happy_a union_n enjoy_v the_o sunshine_n of_o peace_n on_o every_o side_n be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o live_v in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n and_o begin_v be_v sufficient_o tire_v with_o war_n to_o grow_v
dunrobin_n castle_n a_o place_n of_o the_o great_a note_n in_o these_o part_n addition_n part_n see_v the_o addition_n the_o principal_a seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a earl_n of_o sutherland_n sutherland_n earl_n of_o sutherland_n of_o the_o family_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o of_o murray_n of_o who_o william_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n brus_n be_v most_o famous_a who_o marry_v k._n david_n own_o sister_n and_o have_v by_o she_o a_o son_n who_o k._n david_n declare_v his_o successor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o who_o he_o make_v his_o noble_n swear_v allegiance_n but_o he_o die_v a_o little_a after_o without_o issue_n and_o the_o earldom_n in_o the_o end_n come_v hereditary_o by_o a_o daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o a._n gordon_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o huntley_n o_fw-la cathnes_n somewhat_o high_a lie_v cathnes_n butt_v upon_o the_o german_a ocean_n indent_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o many_o wind_n and_o break_n of_o the_o shore_n here_o in_o ptolemie_n time_n dwell_v the_o catini_n false_o write_v in_o some_o copy_n carini_n carini_n the_o carini_n among_o who_o the_o same_o ptolemy_n place_n the_o river_n ila_n ila_n the_o river_n ila_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o now_o wifle_n graze_v and_o fish_v be_v the_o chief_a income_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n the_o chief_a castle_n therein_o be_v call_v girnego_n the_o general_a residence_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o cathnes_n the_o episcopal_a see_v be_v at_o dornok_n a_o village_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o that_o obscure_a where_o likewise_o k._n james_n the_o four_o appoint_v the_o sheriff_n of_o cathnes_n to_o reside_v or_o else_o at_o wik_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v justice_n require_v for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o earl_n of_o cathnes_n cathâ—â—â—_n earl_n 〈◊〉_d cathâ—â—â—_n be_v ancient_o the_o same_o with_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o orcades_n but_o afterward_o become_v distinct_a and_o by_o the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o one_o malise_n give_v in_o marriage_n to_o william_n sincler_n the_o king_n pantler_n his_o posterity_n come_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v earl_n of_o cathnes_n which_o they_o still_o enjoy_v p_o strathnavern_a the_o utmost_a coast_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o with_o the_o front_n of_o the_o shore_n look_v full_a against_o the_o north-pole_n and_o have_v the_o middle_a of_o the_o tail_n of_o ursa_n major_n which_o as_o cardan_n be_v of_o opinion_n cause_n translation_n of_o empire_n just_a over_o its_o head_n be_v inhabit_v as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o ptolemy_n by_o the_o cornabii_n cornabii_n cornabii_n among_o they_o he_o place_v the_o river_n nabeus_n riveâ—_n nabeus_n a_o riveâ—_n which_o name_n be_v so_o near_o relate_v in_o sound_n that_o the_o people_n seem_v to_o have_v take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o river_n they_o dwell_v upon_o neither_o be_v the_o modern_a name_n strathnavern_a that_o be_v the_o valley_n by_o the_o navern_n altogether_o unlike_o they_o in_o sound_n this_o country_n have_v little_a cause_n to_o brag_v of_o its_o fertility_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v very_o thin_o inhabit_v and_o thereupon_o extreme_o infest_a with_o the_o fierce_a of_o wolf_n wolf_n wolf_n which_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o country_n not_o only_o furious_o set_v upon_o whole_a drove_n of_o cattle_n but_o even_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o to_o their_o manifest_a danger_n insomuch_o that_o not_o only_o in_o this_o but_o many_o other_o part_n of_o scotland_n the_o sheriff_n and_o respective_a inhabitant_n be_v bind_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o their_o several_a sheriffdom_n to_o go_v a_o hunt_n thrice_o every_o year_n to_o destroy_v the_o wolf_n and_o their_o whelp_n but_o if_o in_o this_o northern_a country_n that_o may_v be_v any_o comfort_n to_o they_o it_o certain_o of_o all_o britain_n have_v the_o short_a night_n and_o long_a day_n for_o by_o its_o be_v distance_v 59_o degree_n and_o 40_o minute_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la the_o long_a day_n day_n the_o longeâ—â—_n day_n be_v 18_o hour_n and_o 25_o minute_n and_o the_o short_a night_n 5_o hour_n and_o 45_o minute_n so_o that_o the_o ancient_a panegyrist_n be_v in_o the_o wrong_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o set_v at_o all_o here_o but_o slip_v aside_o and_o glance_v upon_o the_o horizon_n rely_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o tacitus_n that_o the_o extreme_a point_n and_o plain_a level_v of_o the_o earth_n have_v low_a shade_n raise_v up_o no_o darkness_n at_o all_o but_o pliny_n speak_v more_o truth_n and_o reason_n where_o he_o treat_v of_o the_o long_a day_n according_a to_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o solar_n circle_n to_o the_o horizon_n the_o long_a day_n say_v he_o in_o italy_n be_v fifteen_o hour_n in_o britain_n seventeen_o where_o the_o light_a night_n in_o summer_n prove_v that_o by_o experience_n which_o reason_n will_v oblige_v one_o to_o believe_v that_o at_o the_o solstice_n when_o the_o sun_n approach_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o pole_n have_v day_n six_o month_n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—â—sto_fw-it 〈…〉_o through_o the_o light_n be_v have_v but_o a_o narrow_a compass_n and_o night_n for_o so_o long_o when_o it_o be_v far_o remote_a in_o winter_n in_o this_o utmost_a tract_n by_o ptolemy_n carry_v far_o eastward_o whereas_o indeed_o it_o bear_v full_a north_n for_o which_o roger_n bacon_n in_o his_o geography_n tax_v he_o long_o ago_o tacitus_n say_v that_o a_o prodigious_a vast_a space_n of_o land_n run_v out_o in_o length_n and_o grow_v narrow_a like_o a_o wedge_n here_o three_o promontory_n shoot_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n mention_v by_o ancient_a writer_n berubium_n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—iâ—um_fw-la 〈…〉_o now_o urdehead_n near_o the_o village_n bernswale_n virvedrum_n now_o dunsby_n alias_o duncansbay_n look_v upon_o as_o the_o remote_a promontory_n of_o britain_n orcas_n now_o howburn_n place_v by_o ptolemy_n over_o against_o the_o orcades_n as_o the_o utmost_a of_o they_o all_o this_o be_v likewise_o call_v by_o ptolemy_n tarvedrum_n and_o tarvisium_n martiano_n tarvisium_n tarvodanum_n martiano_n so_o name_v if_o i_o guess_v aright_o because_o it_o determine_v britain_n for_o tarvus_n signify_v what_o tarvus_n signify_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v a_o end_n with_o which_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o book_n i_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o orcade_n ebudes_n and_o shetland_n shetland_n shetland_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n thus_o have_v i_o run_v over_o scotland_n more_o brief_o than_o the_o dignity_n of_o so_o great_a a_o kingdom_n deserve_v nor_o do_v i_o at_o all_o doubt_n but_o that_o some_o one_o hereafter_o may_v give_v a_o large_a draught_n of_o it_o with_o a_o more_o exquisite_a pen_n with_o more_o certainty_n and_o better_a information_n since_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o great_a of_o prince_n have_v now_o lay_v open_a to_o we_o these_o remote_a country_n hitherto_o shut_v up_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o i_o have_v not_o be_v so_o vigilant_a as_o i_o ought_v the_o most_o watchful_a may_v sometime_o take_v a_o nod_n or_o if_o any_o mistake_n in_o this_o unknown_a tract_n have_v lead_v i_o from_o the_o truth_n as_o nothing_o be_v so_o common_a as_o error_n i_o hope_v the_o courteous_a reader_n upon_o my_o own_n it_o will_v grant_v i_o a_o pardon_n and_o kind_o direct_v i_o into_o the_o right_a way_n addition_n to_o caledonia_n in_o the_o description_n of_o this_o part_n of_o scotland_n before_o we_o come_v to_o fife_n which_o our_o author_n first_o touch_v upon_o we_o be_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o two_o little_a shire_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n clackmanan_n shire_n and_o kinross-shire_n re_fw-mi â—â—imaâ—â—_n re_fw-mi asleep_o clackmanan-shire_n so_o call_v from_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o it_o clackmanan_n be_v bound_v to_o the_o north_n by_o the_o ochill_n hill_n to_o the_o south_n by_o the_o firth_n of_o forth_n to_o the_o east_n with_o part_n of_o perthshire_n and_o to_o the_o west_n with_o part_n of_o sterlingshire_n it_o be_v about_o eight_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o where_o broad_a but_o five_o towards_o the_o firth_n it_o be_v a_o plain_a country_n and_o a_o fertile_a soil_n the_o rest_n be_v fit_a for_o pasture_n but_o that_o below_o the_o ochill-hill_n abound_v both_o with_o grain_n and_o pasture_n about_o alloa_n and_o clackmanan_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o coal-pit_n the_o coal_n whereof_o together_o with_o their_o salt_n furnish_v a_o foreign_a trade_n it_o be_v water_v with_o the_o river_n devan_n which_o run_v six_o mile_n through_o the_o shire_n â—â—â—maâ—_n â—â—â—maâ—_n clackmanan_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n the_o castle_n whereof_o be_v a_o stately_a dwell_n with_o fine_a garden_n and_o good_a enclosure_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alloa_n be_v a_o pleasant_a little_a town_n with_o a_o small_a haven_n for_o ship_n
by_o the_o pict_n they_o be_v in_o the_o fashion_n of_o pyramid_n with_o a_o wind_a pair_n of_o stair_n within_o to_o the_o top_n under_o they_o they_o have_v cell_n all_o vaâ—â—â—ed_v over_o and_o from_o the_o top_n of_o they_o they_o make_v a_o sign_n by_o fire_n when_o there_o be_v any_o imminent_a danger_n the_o ground_n be_v clean_a and_o the_o soil_n natural_o incline_v to_o a_o sandy_a clay_n the_o product_n of_o the_o collary_n be_v main_o fish_n 〈…〉_o feather_n beef_n tallow_n hide_v stâ—ff_n stocking_n with_o wollen-glove_n and_o garter_n there_o have_v be_v see_v at_o one_o time_n in_o brassâ—y-found_a fifteen_o hundred_o sail_n of_o hollander_n after_o farâ—_n a_o island_n lie_v in_o the_o and_o way_n between_o orknay_n and_o shetland_n the_o first_o that_o appear_v be_v call_v main-land_n as_o be_v the_o big_a â—0_n 〈◊〉_d in_o length_n and_o where_o â—roadest_a 1â—_n or_o 〈◊〉_d the_o country_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n be_v part_n of_o the_o stewarâ—â—_n of_o orkney_n and_o govern_v either_o by_o the_o stewart_n or_o his_o deputy_n they_o have_v one_o presbytery_n which_o meet_v at_o scalloway_n and_o though_o the_o north-pole_n be_v not_o so_o elevate_v that_o it_o have_v day_n continual_o for_o six_o month_n together_o as_o pithaeas_n of_o marseils_n have_v false_o say_v of_o thule_n for_o which_o strabo_n reprehend_v he_o for_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v affirm_v of_o iseland_n itself_o where_o cold_a and_o winter_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n fix_v and_o permanent_a yet_o that_o schetland_n be_v the_o same_o with_o thule_n we_o be_v induce_v to_o believe_v first_o from_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o in_o ptolemy_n for_o our_o thule_n be_v define_v in_o the_o 63_o degree_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a by_o ptolemy_n hethâ—â—nd_n sheâ—land_n call_v by_o some_o hethâ—â—nd_n and_o so_o be_v schetland_n again_o it_o lie_v between_o scotland_n and_o norway_n where_o saxo_n grammaticus_n place_n thule_n and_o as_o solinus_n describe_v thule_n this_o be_v but_o two_o day_n sail_v from_o the_o point_n of_o cathness_n tacitus_n say_v also_o that_o the_o roman_n espy_v it_o afar_o off_o in_o their_o voyage_n round_a britain_n as_o they_o sail_v by_o the_o orcades_n last_o it_o face_n the_o shore_n of_o bergae_n in_o norway_n and_o so_o lie_v thule_n according_a to_o pomponius_n mela_n in_o which_o author_n the_o text_n be_v corrupt_o belgarum_fw-la littori_fw-la instead_o of_o bergarum_fw-la littori_fw-la for_o bergae_n a_o city_n in_o norway_n lie_v over_o against_o shetland_n and_o pliny_n make_v bergos_n to_o be_v in_o this_o tract_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o bergae_n as_o nerigon_n in_o pliny_n by_o which_o no_o one_o will_v deny_v but_o he_o mean_v norway_n this_o may_v suffice_v for_o thule_n which_o be_v hide_v to_o we_o as_o well_o as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o ancient_n by_o snow_n and_o winter_n as_o a_o certain_a author_n express_v it_o neither_o be_v any_o of_o they_o able_a to_o tell_v which_o of_o the_o northern_a isle_n they_o mean_v when_o they_o talk_v of_o thule_n as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o day_n in_o that_o unknown_a island_n festus_n avienus_n when_o he_o treat_v of_o britain_n give_v these_o verse_n out_o of_o dionysius_n longa_n dehinc_fw-la celeri_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la rate_n marmora_fw-la currat_fw-la inveniet_fw-la vasto_fw-la surgentem_fw-la gurgite_fw-la thulen_n hic_fw-la cum_fw-la plaustra_fw-la poli_fw-fr tangit_fw-la phoebeius_n ignis_fw-la nocte_fw-la sub_fw-la inlustri_fw-la rota_fw-la solis_fw-la fomite_fw-la flagrat_fw-la continuo_fw-la clarumque_fw-la diem_fw-la next_o aemula_fw-la ducit_fw-la hence_o urge_v your_o course_n along_o the_o watery_a road_n you_o will_v come_v where_o thule_n swell_v above_o the_o flood_n here_o sol_n bright_a wheel_n when_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n they_o cut_v their_o way_n still_o sparkle_v as_o they_o roll_n not_o here_o vain_a man_n expect_v the_o light_n be_v return_n but_o every_o night_n be_v a_o rival_n of_o the_o morn_n pomponius_n mela_n have_v likewise_o make_v the_o same_o remark_n over_o against_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o belgae_n lie_v thule_n a_o island_n much_o celebrate_v both_o by_o the_o greek_a poet_n and_o by_o we_o by_o reason_n the_o day_n be_v very_o long_o there_o and_o the_o night_n very_o short_a though_o in_o winter_n the_o night_n be_v dark_a as_o in_o other_o place_n yet_o they_o be_v light_n in_o summer_n for_o though_o the_o face_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o see_v for_o that_o time_n yet_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o much_o above_o the_o horizon_n that_o his_o light_n be_v clear_o visible_a during_o the_o solstice_n there_o be_v no_o night_n at_o all_o for_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o high_o his_o light_n be_v not_o only_o visible_a but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o body_n the_o sea_n above_o these_o island_n be_v term_v slow_a freeze_a and_o icy_a croniuâ—_n the_o by_o sea_n or_o croniuâ—_n and_o be_v think_v rough_a and_o unnavigable_a by_o reason_n of_o great_a flake_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v also_o call_v cronium_n from_o saturn_n for_o the_o ancient_n have_v a_o story_n as_o plutarch_n write_v that_o saturn_n be_v keep_v sleep_v in_o a_o deep_a cave_n of_o pumicestone_n in_o some_o british_a island_n hereabout_o prisoner_n saturn_n a_o prisoner_n that_o jupiter_n have_v throw_v he_o into_o a_o deep_a sleep_n which_o serve_v instead_o of_o fetter_n and_o send_v ambrosia_n by_o the_o bird_n which_o be_v so_o fragrant_a that_o all_o the_o place_n be_v perfume_v with_o it_o that_o many_o spirit_n be_v post_v here_o to_o attend_v he_o by_o who_o he_o be_v serve_v with_o great_a diligence_n and_o honour_n this_o fable_n if_o i_o be_o not_o deceive_v point_v at_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n over_o which_o saturn_n preside_v that_o lie_v in_o these_o island_n and_o be_v useless_a for_o want_v of_o wood_n to_o supply_v fornace_n the_o thule_n of_o the_o ancient_n by_o sir_n robert_n sibbald_n there_o be_v no_o place_n often_o mention_v by_o the_o ancient_n than_o thule_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v much_o controvert_v what_o place_n it_o be_v some_o have_v attempt_v the_o discovery_n of_o it_o but_o have_v go_v wide_a of_o the_o mark_n the_o ancient_n leave_v concern_v it_o yet_o they_o seem_v all_o to_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v some_o place_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o very_o many_o make_v it_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o british_a isle_n and_o since_o conradus_n celtes_n say_v it_o be_v encompass_v with_o the_o orkney_n isle_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subjoin_v to_o the_o description_n of_o orkney_n this_o essay_n concern_v it_o some_o derive_v the_o name_n thule_n from_o the_o arabic_a word_n tule_z which_o signify_v far_o off_o and_o as_o it_o be_v with_o allusion_n to_o this_o the_o poet_n usual_o call_v it_o ultima_fw-la thule_n but_o i_o rather_o prefer_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n give_v by_o the_o learned_a bochartus_n who_o make_v the_o same_o to_o be_v phaenician_n and_o affirm_v that_o it_o signify_v darkness_n in_o that_o language_n chanan_n lib._n 1._o chap._n 40._o thule_n proprie_fw-la syris_n umbrae_n sunt_fw-la hinc_fw-la translata_fw-la significatione_n thule_n protenebris_fw-la passim_fw-la sumitur_fw-la itaque_fw-la gezirat_fw-la thule_n erat_fw-la insula_fw-la tenebrarum_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la ac_fw-la tenebrecosa_fw-la quod_fw-la nomen_fw-la insulae_fw-la ad_fw-la extremum_fw-la septentrionem_fw-la sitae_fw-la quam_fw-la congruat_fw-la nemo_fw-la non_fw-la videt_fw-la hence_o tibullus_n panegyric_n ad_fw-la messalam_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v this_o illic_fw-la &_o densa_fw-la tellus_fw-la absconditur_fw-la umbrâ_fw-la 25._o odâ—ss_n 1._o v._n 25._o and_o these_o place_n of_o hom._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ad_fw-la caliginem_fw-la and_o lib._n 3._o v._n 1190._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d neque_fw-la enim_fw-la scimus_fw-la ubi_fw-la sit_fw-la caligo_n be_v by_o strabo_n interpret_v nescimus_fw-la ubi_fw-la sit_fw-la septentrio_fw-la we_o know_v not_o where_o the_o north_n be_v lib._n 1._o p._n 34._o and_o lib._n 10._o p._n 454._o and_o 455._o and_o consonant_n to_o this_o statius_n lib._n 3._o ad_fw-la claudiam_fw-la vxorem_fw-la well_fw-mi super_fw-la hesperiae_fw-la vada_fw-la caligantia_fw-la thules_fw-la and_o lib._n 4._o ad_fw-la marcellum_fw-la aut_fw-la nigrae_fw-la littora_fw-la thules_n and_o indeed_o this_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n carry_v more_o reason_n than_o any_o other_o they_o give_v it_o and_o be_v a_o evident_a proof_n that_o the_o ancient_n agree_v in_o place_v their_o thule_n towards_o the_o north_n we_o shall_v see_v next_o what_o northern_a country_n they_o pitch_v on_o for_o it_o the_o ancient_n seem_v most_o to_o agree_v that_o thule_n be_v one_o of_o these_o isle_n that_o be_v call_v british_n strabo_n one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o the_o best_a of_o geographer_n extant_a say_v pythaeas_n massiliensis_n circa_fw-la thulen_n britannicarum_fw-la insularum_fw-la septent_fw-la rionalissimam_fw-la ultimam_fw-la ait_fw-la esse_fw-la yet_o he_o himself_o