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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06182	A treatise of the plague containing the nature, signes, and accidents of the same, with the certaine and absolute cure of the feuers, botches and carbuncles that raigne in these times: and aboue all things most singular experiments and preseruatiues in the same, gathered by the obseruation of diuers worthy trauailers, and selected out of the writing of the best learned phisitians in this age. By Thomas Lodge, Doctor in Phisicke.	Lodge, Thomas, 1558?-1625.	1603 (1603)	STC 16676; ESTC S108807	56,880	92

lenitiue and no sharp clisters and make him drincke barly water with sirrope of violets and moysten him with good brothes for the cramp very often commeth of emptines and is commonly mortall if the extreame partes be colde in a pestilent feuer or other sharpe sickenesse it signifieth the weakenesse and mortification of naturall heate and for the most part betokeneth death In this case we must minister vnto his handes and féete with hote cloathes and chafe them and giue him a little wine to quicken naturall heate and make him holde a clowt in his mouth and giue him the powlder of Diacameron or Diamoscum and kéep him warme in his bed and take héede that no colde touch him But when the poore patient is come to this estate there is litle hope of them as testifieth Hippocrates in the fourth of his Aphorismes Aphorisme 48. for it is a signe that death is at hand Chap. XVI The order and gouernment they ought to obserue who assist and serue those that are sicke of the plague IT is a matter most euident that they that dwell continually with those that are infected with the plague are in great danger to receiue the same infection from those that are sicke by reason they haunt with them night and day receiue their breaths and smell their corruptions and sucke the infected ayre of the infected houses wherein they conuerse which is a thing very dangerous as Galen witnesseth in the first booke de differentijs febrium cap. 2. For which cause they that are resolued to kéepe them that are sick of the plague ought to haue a great care of themselues for feare they be infected And first of all they must haue recourse vnto God beséeching him to preserue them to the end that being thus assisted by his grace they may the better accomplish this charitable office to the sicke and succor and serue them to their vttermost which is an action that pleaseth Almighty God Folowing then the order prescribed in the second third fourth and fift chapter of this treatise he shall vse those preseruatiues there described according to his complexion age strength and the nature of these humors that abound in him taking fit medicines or pills powlders opiates or tablets against the plague treacle or mithridate according to the forme we haue set downe in the places afore alleaged continuing the same without intermission When hee shall visit the sicke hée must not approch ouer néere vnto him for feare he receiue his breath but stand farre off him especially if he be fasting Also before he enter into the sicke mans Chamber let him perfume it and cause the windowes to be opened and make a good fire therein of rosemary or iuniper Hée shall holde in his mouth an Angelica or zedoary roote or a cloue or the rinde of a citron orenge or limon He shall wash his handes face forehead and temples with vineger and rose water and if he haue leisure doe the like vnder his arme-pits and in other emunctory places but this is not alwayes sure and easie to be done He shall oftentimes and almost euery day change his garments and linen and carry in his hand apples pomanders orenges or limons to smell to He shall holde a spunge steeped in rose water vineger white wine besprinckled with the powlder of cloues zedoary and Angelica to which hée shall often smell and with some of the same liquor he shal gargarise his mouth and throate He shall perfume al the house and chamber of the sicke thrice a day and oftner in summer because the dayes are longer When he commeth to touch the sicke he shall cause him to turne his face from him lest he breathe vpon him and he likewise that performeth this office shall doe the like for his better securitie he shall kéepe himselfe cleanely purge often with the pilles against the plague or other fit medicines He shall be sober in his diet and auoyde all superfluous meate and drinke he must be merry and lightsome and driue away all feare sadnesse and melancholy For those that are fittest to be imployed in this matter are such as haue a good courage and are merry pleasant and well complexioned that despise the danger of death and are ready to doe seruice to their parents and frends wiues or children These in trueth are they that in these times are in least danger and whom God foreséeing their good zeale protects by his mercy preseruing them from so great danger Neuerthelesse in this time men ought not to be too rash or hazardous nor trust too much to their complexions youth vertue and force of body For the secret venome of the plague preuenteth all this and except a man be wary and prudent it wil then seaze him when he least suspecteth because a venime of that nature is accustomed to lie hidden in the body a long time without any effect or at leastwise notable impression after the nature of the byting of a madde dogge which sodainely before it be discouered takes a lamentable effect For which cause men ought not to be so bolde and rash as to expose themselues to such dangers except necessitie constraineth them to succour their parents or faithful friends to whom by lawe of nature they are tied Neyther on the contrary side shoulde they be too feareful and so cowardly as to forsake their fathers mothers wiues and children for feare of death but both by the commaundement of God and law of nature they ought to imploy all their power yea to aduenture life and bloud to preserue those who next vnder God gaue them life being and liuing Chap. XVII The manner how to cleanse the houses and places that are infected the woollen and linnen and the moouables of the same And how long they may remaine infected if they be not well cleansed and in what time they may be reputed cleane I Haue héeretofore declared in the first Chapter of this Treatise that the Plague is a contagious sicknesse rauishing life by the malignity thereof and because that the contagion of the same which is no other thing but a like disposition by a certaine hidden consent communicated by touch vnto another it remaineth long time hidden in such things as may receiue the same such as are the aire of the house infected the walls the garments of woollen linnen cotten fether and such like it is therefore necessary to know how to clense the houses of those that haue bin infected with the plague to the end that after they that haue béene infected shall returne to their houses they may not be infected anew by reason their garments couerlets beds and such like haue not béene well ayred and clensed And therefore by way of aduertisement to all in generall euery one during the time of the plague ought to shut vp his best moouables in a place apart that is cleane neate and to forbeare the vse thereof I say they ought to shutte vp their linnen tapistry and couerlets

it to the inferior bodies Let vs therefore cast off this vaine and sottish opinion whereby we are induced to beléeue that the Plague procéedeth from the heauens that is to say from the influence of the starres as by the vanitie of time we haue had inducements But let vs confesse that it procéedeth from the secret iudgements of God who intendeth by this scourge to whip vs for our sinnes as it appeareth in Leuiticus and Deuteronomy To conclude we say that the cause of the Plague is a malignant alteration and corruption of the ayre infecting our bodies as it hath bene declared in the beginning of this Chapter CHAP. III. Of the signes of the Plague both impendent and present with the good and euil signes appearing in pestiserous sicknesses THe signes whereby a man may know the infection of the aire which threatneth vs with Pestilent sicknesses are when as we sée the same continuall and accustomably troubled with thicke cloudy moyst and ill smelling vapours the Skie vnaccustomed to Northren windes but sollicited with Southerly blastes The aire full of fogges and vapours making a showe of raine without any showers For such signes as are of that nature engender corrupt Feuours as Aristotle saith in his Probleames If the winter be hote and moyst and obserue not his naturall temperature and when the Spring time is very dry without raine and notwithstanding colde and after for many dayes charged with Southerly windes troubled aire and then cleare and afterwards suddainly ouercast the nights colde and the day very hotte and soultry It signifieth that we shall haue an euil Plague the Sommer after Moreouer if at that time there appeare any increase of such creatures as are engendred of putrifaction as wormes of the earth flies gnattes eales serpents toades frogs and such like foretokening corruptiō and putrifaction in the earth and waters and when the aire the same day chaungeth from faire to foule and from cleare to cloudy when the Sunne shineth and afterwards hideth his head in cloudes in one and the same day it is a signe that the temperature of the aire is altered And when as Rats Moules and other creatures accustomed to liue vnder ground forsake their holes and habitations it is a token of corruption in the same by reason that such sorts of creatures forsake their wonted places of aboade And when as the Birds of the aire fall downe dead or forsake their nests it is a signe of great corruption and contagion in the same Long and continuall raines accompanied with Southerly windes dispose the ayre to sicknesses and putrifaction as Hipocrates and Galen testifie in their Epidemies When as Feuers are accompanied with small Poxe or Mesels with spots or red markes like to the biting of Fleas it is a signe of a pestilent Feuer When the sicke is very much tormented with the passion of the heart vomitings soundings or weaknes or faintnes of the hart without great outward but vehement inward both heate and drought with appearance of swellings botches carbuncles and Mesels without all question he is seized with a pestilential Feuer especially if diuers at the same time and in the same place are attainted with the same griefe and if so be the partie which is infected hath frequented places both contagious and infected Sée heere the the principall signes of the Plague and pestilentiall Feuer The euill dangerous and mortall signes in such as are diseased are féeblenes and weaknes of the regitiue vertue of the body which may be discouered by the pulse when it is weake vnequall disorderly lanquishing and intermittent by often Sincopes or soundings alienation and frenzie blewnesse and blacknesse appearing about the sores and carbuncles and after their appearances the sodaine vanishings of the same cold in the extreame partes and intollerable heate in the inward vnquenchable thirst cōtinually soundings vrines white and crude or red troubled and blacke Colde swet about the forehead and face crampes blacknesse in the excrements of the body stench and blewnes the flux of the belly with weaknesse of the heart shortnes of breath and great stench of the same lacke of sléepe and appetite to eate profound sléepe chaunging of colour in the face exchaunged to palenesse blacknesse or blewnesse cogitation or great vnquietnes All these signes betoken either certaine death or daunger thereof in the Plague euen as contrariwise the contrary foretoken recouery of the sicknesse by reason they testifie vpon the regitiue power and vertue of the bodie goodnesse of the complexion and vertue of the same with strength of the hart For as Auicen sayth They that are manly and confidently beare out their sicknesse without any showe of feare they are those which for the most part escape Likewise to haue a good appetite to sléepe in repose without disturbance of the body it is a good signe The Botches and Carbuncles to retaine a good colour and without great paine to be brought to ripenesse and supponation to haue a moderate heate mayntained through all the body The vrines in disgestion colour substance contents to be good To haue easie breathing swet warme vniuersall through all the body appearing on a decretory or criticall day All these signes appearing in the infected person giue great hope of his recouery These bée the signes and tokens by which you may gather a sure and vnfained iudgement of that which shall befall him that is attainted with the Plague CHAP. IIII. A Rule and instruction to preserue such as be in health from the infection WHen as by the will of GOD the contagion of the Plague is gotten into any place Citie or Countrey we ought to haue an especiall regard of the generall good and by all meanes to study for their preseruation who are in health least they fall into such inconueniencie First of all therefore it behooueth euery man to haue speciall care that he frequent not any places or persons infected neither that hée suffer such to breath vpon him but as Galen hath learnedly aduised in his Booke De Differentijs Frebrium Chap. 2. Estrange himselfe as farre as him lyeth from their societie The first and chiefest remedie then is to chaunge the place flie farre and returne late Hipocrates likewise in his Booke De Natura humana saith that wee ought to forsake the place whereas a generall sicknesse rangeth according to the common Prouerbe Cito longe tarde And if necessitie constraineth vs to frequent the infected either to be assistant to our friends or otherwise euery man ought to demeane himself in such sort that the sick mans breath doo not attaint him which may very easily be done if a man haue the skill to choose take the winde that properly bloweth towards the sicke infected and not from the infected to the healthfull And therefore in that case the healthfull ought to kéepe themselues vnder not ouer the winde The first part of preseruation is to purifie and purge the ayre from all euill vapours sentes

feuer without any other appearance so that nature desisteth not to performe hir functions being as yet vnassailed by the venime For which cause the patient will haue a good pulse and healthful vrine almost as perfect as when they were in health when as sodainly they are séene to die without any manifest occasion which bréedes doubt and trouble in the Phisition as Galen and Auicen do testifie For this cause men ought not to maruell though the Phisitions in this case are pusseld and doubtful since this sicknes in his nature is so doubtfull fraudulent and deceiuable This notwithstanding whenas with the feuer the tokens tumor or carbuncle do appeare there is no cause of suspition or doubt of the disease Then ought they readily to withstand the same by a fit and conuenient diet and by exquisit and proper medicines sodainly and exquisitely ordained for a sickenes of that nature admits no delay without certaine danger of death And therefore Hipocrates saith that it is expedient in such sickenesses to minister euacuations and other meanes the very same day Now for that it is one of the principall intentions of a Phisition in this case to correct the aire and prohibite the venime that it may haue no operation in the body we will beginne with the same and so consequently discourse vpon the rest The preparation of a Chamber FIrst therefore men ought to make choice of a chamber for the patient that is wel aired if it be possible hauing the windowes towards the North or East And if it be in summer time it is good to kéep those windows that regard the North opened to the end that the ayre of the chamber may be purified and cleansed Care likewise must be had to haue the Chamber cleansed twoo or thrée times a day and that the floore be sprinckled the wals bedewed with good Rose-vineger mixed with common-water or with Rose-water if the patient be rich The said chamber likewise must be strewed with odoriferous flowres and swéete smelling hearbs namely in Summer time with roses violets and pinkes with the leaues of willow and the vine It is good also to haue quinces citrons to smell to to the end that the ayre may be more odoriferous Neyther is it amisse at what time soeuer it be to make a light fire in the Chamber in Summer time for it purgeth the infected ayre very much And if it be in Winter it is not amisse to make a great fire in the Chamber of Rosemary bayes Iuniper and such like perfuming the Roome with Beniamin Storax Frankinscence Cloues Iuniper-berries or such like And if the patient be of abilitie so as he may change chambers it shal not be amisse to do it oftentimes so as it be prepared as we haue aduised The bed of the patient ought to be large cleane and perfumed with good odors according to the season of the yeare as is aforesaide He ought also oftentimes to change his shéets and his shirt if he haue meanes twise or at leastwise once in the day Round about his bed if it be summer time and on the top of his couerlets you shal strew floures and odoriferous fruit and boughs and the sicke party shal haue by him diuerse orenges quinces limons or citrons to smell to And if he be rich he shall cause certaine shéets to be stéeped in vineger and water and hung round about his bed not onely to refresh the place but to repulse the euill vapour of the chamber He shall likewise oftentimes wash his hands his pulses and his face and forhead with this mixture Take of white rose vineger foure ounces or halfe a pinte of rose water a pinte of good malmsey claret or white wine foure ounces of the powlder of zodoarie cloues dried roses and muske of each two graines let al these be beaten and mixed together and let him rubbe his nose his eares handes and face therewith for it will comforte and quicken the heart and vitall spirites and driue away all euill vapours Lo here the preparation of the chamber and bed of him that is diseased and sick of the plague Hereafter insueth the maner of his diet Chap. XI The Diet of him that is strucken with the Plague BEcause in this sickenesse the appetite is deiected and the vertue of the stomacke and all other members is much enféebled it behooueth those that are sicke to enforce themselues to eate to the end they may resist the sickenes and strengthen nature as Auicene commaundeth where he saieth that they who manfully enforce themselues in this disease and eate couragiously are they who escape The Diet therefore of the patient ought to be in quantitie moderate taken by little and little and often and in qualitie substantiall and nourishing and tempered with such things as resist venome Let his meate be of good nourishment of easie digestion and pleasant to the taste as shall be hereafter declared His meate shall be caponets chickins and pullets yong kidde veale and mutton partridge plouer turtle fesant and quaile and the pottage made of them very nourishing shall be altered with sorrell lettuce borage pimpernell and the leaues of mariegoldes for in this sickenesse they haue great vertue as Alexander Benedictus testifieth in his 23. chap. de peste yet must you not mixe them all together but it shall suffice to vse one or other and in the saide broathes it shall not bée amisse to mixe some little quantitie of the iuyce of limons orenges or sowre grapes in their seasons The bread and meate which they eate should be taken with the Iuyce of lemmons citrons oringes pomegranats rose vineger veriuyce the Iuyce of sorrel vsing one or the other at seuerall repasts And if sharpenesse be displeasant to his stomacke you may vse a little of the Iuice of mintes with suger and alittle sinimon Barly creame Almond milke and panatels are fit meates in this cause as also fresh and new egges poched in water and taken with the Iuice of sorrel and alittle suger And among other restoratiues our ordinary candles of white wine rose water yelks of Egs sugar and cinamon is much commended A coulis also is of very good nourishment whenas the sick man cannot eate for then must we restore him with cordiall strong broths His drink shal be good white or claret wine such as fumes not but is wel qualified with pure fountaine water for by reason of the weaknes of the vertue in this cruell sicknes to resist the operation of the venome it is not necessary to take from them the vse of wine except the sick be very sanguin yong ful and of an able body In which case it shal be better to forbid than to licence them to vse it Betwéene meales they may drink barly water in which they may stéep and infuse some leaues of sorrel and with their barly water they may mix sirrop of limons sirrop of sowre grapes sirrop of the Iuice of Citrons sirrop Alexandrine or

sicke in time of visitation This water that enseweth is likewise of great vertue and allowed by many experiences TAke two pound of the iuyce of limons of rose vineger as much of Bole Armenus prepared two ounces of the dried rinde of orenges one ounce infuse them a day naturall or xxiiii houres in the saide vineger and afterwardes distill them in Balneo Mariae giue of this water foure ounces with sirrope of limons or sirrope of sowre grapes for it is an excellent medicine as Fracastorius in his third Booke de morbis Contagiosis chap. 7. whose name I héere set downe to the end I may no waies seeme to defraude any one of the praise due vnto them or challenge to my selfe other mens inuentions Hitherto haue we sufficiently spoken of those medicines which are to bée taken inwardly it remaineth that we speake of those that are to be applied outwardly But before that I intreate of them I will describe in this place a confection or restoratiue to be ministred vnto him that is infected with the plague Take conserue of roses conserue of water lillies conserues of sowre grapes and buglosse of each an ounce of pouldered pearles one drachme of Bole Armenus prepared foure scruples of fine suger as much as sufficeth reduce all these into the forme of a Conduite with leaues of golde for the rich As for the poore it shall suffice to giue them the foresaide conserues with a little of the poulder of Bole Armenus or Triasantali or the séeds of sowre grapes or citrons or the barke thereof It is good also to giue them oft times a tablet of losenge of Diamargariton when they haue the fainting of the heart with a little buglosse water or white wine and if they fall into soundings giue them confection Alchermes after the same maner for it is a miraculous medcine in strengthening the heart and reuiuing the spirites And in this case it is good to restore them with good broaths wine caudles and egges as wée haue héeretofore aduised Manus Christi perlata also is good in this case and pleasant to the eater which you may giue in brothes in buglosse water or in the forme of a tablet To comfort the heart outwardly vse this Epitheme that followeth For the rich take rose water sorrell water buglosse and balme water of each foure ounces of good white wine or malmsey thrée ounces of the powlder of Diamargariton and de Gemmis of each one drachme of powlder of scarlet which we call vermilion of cloues of each halfe a drachme of powlder of zedoary and Bole Armenus of ech a scruple of the trochisques of camphre halfe a scruple make an Epitheme for the heart the which you shall apply with a péece of fine scarlet vppon the region of the heart morning and euening For the poore it sufficeth to make an Epitheme of sowre grape-water or sorrel water of balme-water and rose water with alittle white wine and the powlder of sanders and alittle powlder of Iuniper-berries Instéed of the said Epithemes you may make certaine bagges of silke for the hart after this fashion Take dryed red roses flowers of violets water-lilies and buglosse of each a little handful of rosemary flowers as much of the powlder of scarlet cloues sāders the powlder of Diamargariton of each a drachme of Citron séede Bole Armenus of each foure scruples of muske and amber of each fiue graines beate all these to powlder and baste them with cotton in red taffatie and make a bag thereof which you may easily besprinckle with rose water and a little white wine and apply to the hart An Epitheme for the liuer TAKE of the distilled water of endiue succory sorrel rose and wormewood water of each thrée ounces of good white rose wine vineger thrée siluer spoonfuls of the powlder of sanders one drachme of the séeds of sower grapes two scruples of spicknard a scruple make an Epitheme hereof for the poore and for the rich you may adde powlder of Diamargariton pearles corall and Zedoary of each halfe a drachme Mathiolus of Siena a notable Phision of our age principally in matter of simples in his sixt booke of his Commentaries vpon Dioscorides writing vpon the preface sets down an excellent ointment of great virtu to withstand the operation of venim in those that are sicke of the plague the description whereof is long and difficult to be made and serueth but for Princes and great Lords in that it is very chargeable Therefore to auoyde prolixitie we haue thought good to referre the Reader to that place if he thinke good to cause it to be dispensed The name thereof is the oile of scorpions which in trueth is of maruelous vertue to expel poison and venime as by the maruellous composition and art in making that oile may be séene But instead thereof we will set downe an other oyle of scorpions of a more easie composition set downe by Alexander Benedictus in the xx chapter of his booke of the plague the description whereof hereafter ensueth Take of oile oliue the oldest that may be gotten one pound then take thréescore liue scorpions and put them in a violl of glasse in the said oyle and boyle them ouer a soft fire nine houres or set the said oyle in our Ladies baine and when they haue thus boyled in the oyle thou shalt adde vnto them of treacle two ounces and let it boyle in the said oyle a quarter of an houre then straine all of it and kéepe the said oyle in a violl well closed and stopped with waxe and parchment and with it annoynt the sicke vnder the armepittes behinde the eares on the breast the pulses of the armes the temples and nosthrilles twice or thrice a day This is a most excellent remedy and of great force as the aforesaid Authors testifie who writes that if this vnction be applied sodainly to him that is sicke of the plague before 24. houres be past he shal be deliuered vsing the remedies aforesaide The same Author likewise reporteth that this oyntment is of great effect Take a glasse that containeth a pint and a halfe and more fil it with oile that is old in which oile you shal infuse of elder floures six litle handfuls of the floures of walworth two handfuls of the leaues and floures of Hipericon or S. Iohns wort a handful but let the oile couer the hearbs and be more in quantitie set this vessel closely luted in the sunne for the space of fortie dayes or a whole summer and reserue it to the abouenamed vses to annoynt the sicke as hath béen saide But after you haue annoynted him you must couer him close for the oyle procureth sweate and by such euacuation causeth the venime to vapor outwardly and if to the said oyle you shal annex twenty or thirty scorpions it wil be farre more excellent if besides you adde two or thrée ounces of good treacle and boyle them in our Ladies bayne it will haue more force Sée here the best