the Wedge close it hard with your Hand and bind about it Clay and Horse Dung For great stocks you may cleave them cross and put â—n a Graft at each corner with little straining them and close them up with Clay and Dung as others and tho' â—hey are pretty large the stock having sap enough to support them some or all of them will cut and growing up faster than on small stocks will much sooner bear Fruit And this I have seen tryed on stocks of a good growth that have borne had Fruit and in a few Years the Grafts have shot up and produceth excellent Fruit. Packing on is when you cut sloap-wise a Twig of the same Magnitude with your Graft either in or besides the Knot two Inches long and make your Graft just agree with the scion and gashy our Graft and it just in the midst of the Wound length-ways about a straws breadth deep and thrust the one into the other Wound to Wound so that sap may come to sap and Bark to Bark so bind them close with soft strings and mix Clay and Dung and cover them over and this way many times thrives wonderfully and this may be done on Branches of Tree the latter end of Grafting-time when the sap is risen with good success The way of Inoculating is with an Eye or Bud taken with a pretty large piece of Bark to it from a thriving Tree and placed immediately on another Tree where just the same quantity has been taken off that it may close with the bare place of the Tree supplying the Bark that was taken thence and being bound on with Clay and Dung strengthened with a little Moss is in great likelyhood quickly to flourish This by some is called Imbuding Grafting in Scutcheon is somewhat like unto the former only differing in this that you must take an Eye or Bud with Leafs Note That an Eye is for a scion and a Bud for Flowers and Fruit and place them on another Tree in a Plain like the Letter H out with a sharp Knife and the Bark raise with a Wedge and then the Eye and Bud must be put in and so bound up These I have known to have grown well but it is somewhat a tedious way and the plainer way of Grafting soonest answers Expectation As for the young Grafts you must be careful to Fencâ— them about for the least rudness or rough handling spoils your Labour or much impares what you haâ—â— done and this may be done with setting of Roses Gooseberries or such prickly Trees about them but noâ— so as to over-shade them and hinder their growth aâ—â— be careful that no Cattle break into your Ground nay Dogs and Cats where they are grafted low to the Ground may by running over them break off the Graft and sâ— cross you in your Industry And now from General 〈◊〉 proceed to particular Trees c. CHAP. X. Of the Apple-Tree how Grafted and Ordered the Advantages accruing thereby c. THE Apple is commonly grafted upon the Crab-tree Stocks or upon the wild Apple-stock being first planted and the year after cut off within a foot to the Earth or more If your Apple-trees are pestered with Worms scrape them with a brazen Scraper and they will never come again provided that the place whence you scraped them be rubbed over with Bullocks Dung The Urine and Dung of Goats is very good for this purpose afterwards the Lees of old Wine may be poured upon the Roots of the Trees The Tree that is sick or prospereth not is helped with Asses Dung and watering it six days Apple-trees must be often watered at the setting of the Sun till the Spring be come when planted in dry Ground If you set your Apple-trees too thick they will never grow well nor thrive kindly The Apple declareth its ripeness by the blackness of the Kirnels The Winter Stores are gathered after the fourteenth of September or thereabouts according to their Kinds and not before the Moon be seventeen Days old in fair Weather and in the Afternoon Those that fall from the Trees must be laid by themselves it is better to pull them then shake â—hem least they be bruised in their falling The best way to keep them is in fair Lofts Vaults or cold places with Windows opening towards the North that â—hey may receive that Air the South Wind must be â—hut out they must be laid thin upon Straw Chaff or Mats You must lay every sort by themselves lest sundry sorts lying together they should the sooner rot They are also kept from rotting if they are laid in Barâ—y or Wheat Some to avoid the hurt of the Frost â—se to cover them with wet Linnen Clothes which beâ—ng frozen the Fruit that lay under them is preserved Of Apples besides other Uses you may with Mills for â—he purpose make a curious Drink called Cyder and 〈◊〉 small Drink besides with Water and the refuse of the Apples drained a good Drink to quench and cool the Thirst A kind of Vinegar also may be made of Crabs â—nd sower Apples called Verjuice which mashed and â—ying in a heap together three or four Days afterwards put into a Pipe or Tun wherewith mingle Spring water or Rain water and so suffer them to stand close covered thirty Days and after taking out what Vinegar the Moisture affords by drawing off and let it settle CHAP. XI Of the Pear-Tree how Grafted Ordered anâ— Improved c. THE Pear challengeth the next Place and is onâ— of the chiefest Beauties of the Orchard Thâ— Apple-Tree spreadeth in broad Branches but the Pear tree riseth in hight and delighteth in a rich and moiâ—â— Ground it doth grow of the Kernel and of thâ— Scion but it is a great while before it doth come unâ—â— any Perfection and when it is grown it degenerateâ— from them its old good Nature and therefore it is beâ—ter to take the wild Plants and set them in your Grounâ— in November and when that they are well rooted yoâ— may graft upon them It is said that in some Couâ—tries it is so prospereth with often digging and mucâ— Moisture that it never looseth its Flower You shall dâ— it a great deal of Good if every other Year you bestow some Dung upon it Ox Dung is thought to makâ— great and massy Pears some put too a little Ashes tâ— make their taste the pleasanter They are not onlâ— planted of the Roots but also of the very little Twigâ— being pluckt will grow If you will set young Plants let them be three Years old or at least two Years old before you set them Some again take the fairest Brancheâ— they find upon the Tree and set them as has been directed The time of Grafting the Pear is March anâ— April Pliny saith That you may graft it when the Blossom is on it which I myself have have tryed and founâ— true It is grafted upon the Quince the Pumgraneâ— the Almond the Apple and the Mulbery-tree If yoâ— graft it on the
or when they are somewhat grown and the Sun will hâ— more force upon them to make them grow up and ripeâ— and this will do well where the Ground is over moist 〈◊〉 that Things affecting Moisture may be set low and Thiâ— of a drier bearance higher In February or earlier you may make a hot Bed 〈◊〉 Cucumbers Mellons Radishes Colliflowers c. in 〈◊〉 warmest Place of your Ground desended from Winds 〈◊〉 much may by Pails Walls or Reed-fences about six 〈◊〉 seven Foot high of such a distance or capacity as the â—ccasion requires then you must raise your Bed about two or three Foot high and about three or four over of new â—ogs dung or at least not above six eight or ten Days old reading it very hard down on the Top and the better 〈◊〉 keep up the sides if there be occasion place Boards â—y fine rich Mould about three or four Inches thick and when the extream ferment or heat of the Beds is over which you may perceive at the end of five or six Days by â—rusting in your Find then set out or sow your Seeds 〈◊〉 the Magnitude or Nature of them requires This done erect some little forked Sticks four or five â—ches above the Bed that may support the Frame of â—icks which must be laid over and then cover'd with â—raw defend the Plants or Seeds from the Wet or Cold only in a warm Day you may open your Covering 〈◊〉 Hour before and after Noon and when they shoot still earth them up to keep the lower part warm and when they are pretty well grown and the Season enables them to bear the Weather you may transplant them Watering the proper Time and what Plants Herbs c. most require it and in what Seasons WAtering is one Thing exceeding necessary and some Plants require it much more than others or especially in dry Seasons they would be burnt up they must be mended with Water on their first Removal at whatsoever Season it be and therefore not to be neglected though early in the Spring yet be cautious in Watering the Leafs of the young and tender Plants rather confine it to the Earth about the Root lest the Heat mildew and injure them When the Plants or Seeds are more hardy yet you find the Nights very cold water in the Forenoon but when the Nights are warm and the Weather Warm let it be done in the Evening after Sun-set you may mâ— your Water with a little fine Mould to take away thâ— Harshness of it if it be Spring-water or be drawn froâ— some cold Pit or Well let it stand in the Sun in Tubs 〈◊〉 heat and air well but Pond or River-water is more soâ— and natural to Plants or Herbs and the better to atteâ— it and render it more acceptable you may infuse in it Heâ— dung Pidgeons or Sheeps dung and it will better even your Plants For Plants that are or are to be laâ— Cabbages Colliflowers Artichoaks c. you may 〈◊〉 the Ground sink a little like the Indenting of an Oystâ— shell that the Winter may the more direct press to 〈◊〉 Root yet Excess of Watering is dangerous for oâ— abundance will be apt to wash the Vigitive fertile Sâ— out of the Ground about the Root of the Plant and iâ— poverish it And you had better water seldom and do it thoroughly well than often and do it scanty for if the Waâ— comes not to the Bottom of the Root that the Fibrâ— may suck Moisture it little avails If the Season or Ground be very dry when you sâ— Seeds sow them somewhat deeper but water them 〈◊〉 till they have been in the Ground several Days and 〈◊〉 is well settled about them When you transplant water the Plant in Setting 〈◊〉 not superabundantly lest it chill the Root or Ground toâ— much Observe that the Water run not into Puddles but 〈◊〉 well and equally distributed with a Watering-pot 〈◊〉 other Vessel that has a Sievy Nose and by that Meâ— it will be sprinkled softly not for sorcing upon thâ— Earth but delating and gradually sinking into it to râ—fresh the Plants c. The several Sorts of Strawberries the Manner of Settiâ— Transplanting and Improving them STrawberries are very material to be produced fâ— the furnishing out of Banquets and many othâ— Things and of these there are divers Sorts worthy of a â—ardener's Care The great sort thrive excellent well in new broken â—eds or in such Places as they have not before grown â—specially on the Sides of mellow Banks where the Force â—f the Sun is convenient to nourish them As for the ordinary red ones you may furnish yourâ—elf with store of their Roots in new fallen Copsis or in â—nding Woods where Vacancies or Avenues lie open to â—e Sun The ordinary red and white Strawberries may be eiâ—er planted in Beds or the Sides of Banks as your â—arden gives most conveniency and will hold there for 〈◊〉 long Time but the large ones must be kept stringed â—nd removed every two or three Years and they require not so much the Sun-beams as the other they deâ—ight much in a sandy soil and the best Plants are such as come of the strings if well planted and ordered There are a sort of green Strawberries tho' not of common use and but in few Places to be found and â—hey lie on the Ground under the slender and tall Leaves â—ery green in Colour and sweet in Taste There is yet another sort a very excellent scarlet Coâ—our such as they call New England and there abound 〈◊〉 great Plenty but here they will grow well as has â—een proved in divers curious Gardens delighting in a mellow fat soil somewhat sandy To preserve these several sorts over the Winter that â—ay come earlier and prove better cover them from â—he Frosts with a little Straw Peashawm or such like â—elter and if you would have Strawberries in Autumn 〈◊〉 away the first Blossoms and being hindered blowing 〈◊〉 the Spring they will blow anew much later and bear â—n the latter Season To make Strawberries very large when they have 〈◊〉 one bearing cut them to the Ground keep their spires â—own strew Cow-dung or Pidgeon-dung on them and waâ—er them after it THE Gardener's Almanack OR Things proper to be done iâ— the Kitchen-Garden in the several Months of the Year Aquarius â™’ or the Skinker JANUARY What is required to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this Month. THIS Month prepare Dung for your Garden anâ— the Dung of Pidgeons or Poultry is excellent 〈◊〉 Asparagus and Strawberries c. when it has passed thâ— first Heat Dress your sweet-herb Beds rather every second Yeaâ— with new Mould then Dung or over-strong or rank Soiâ—dig Borders set Beans and Pease sow if you think coâ—venient for early Colliflowers sow Lettice Radisheâ— Charvil and other more curious Salleting and if yâ—â— see it convenient raise your hot Beds Set up Traps for Vermin among bulkous Roots that will now be in Danger Pisces ♓ or
of Perennial-greens Take your tender and choice Shrubs of the Conservator and air them in a fair Day and about the middle of thâ— Month if the Weather be fair and temperate else leâ— them remain till May and when you see Occasion to water them about four Gallons of warm Water wilâ— serve to do about Trees but let it be Rain or Pond Water which will most nourish them You may also graft your tender Shrubs and the like by approach as Jessamines Pomgranades Oranges Lemmons and the like Towards the end of the Month will be a proper Season to remove and transplant Oleanders Myrtles Spanish Jessamine young Orange-plants Pomgranades c. firsâ— suffering them to sprout placing them about a Fortnighâ— in the shade refresh and time them and also Spanish Jessamine within an Inch or two of the Stock when it begins to put out or shoot If the cold Winds are passed â—owards the end of the Month after gentle showers c. Clip Barba-jovis Box Cyprus Myrtle Phillyrea Alternus and to prevent Box smelling after it is clipped water it immediately and the scent will vanish In MAY What things are proper to be done BRing forth your Orange-trees remove and transplant them See the particular Manner of it in what relates to Orchard-management of Fruit-trees Give such housed Shrubs and Plants as you think â—ot convenient to bring yet Abroad fresh Earth at the surâ—ice a handful deep or somewhat more loosening the â—est of the Earth with a forked stick without bruising â—r wounding the Roots Brush and cleanse the Leafs of your Plants from dust 〈◊〉 some other ill conveniencies they have gathered in the Green-house and if you neither remove nor transplant â—hem take off the surface of the old Earth and finely â—ift on some rotten old Cow-dung From the several sorts of Greens except Orange's â—nd Lemmons you need not in taking up to transplant â—hem or trim the Roots much unless they are very â—uch intangled or matted and if they encrease in growth â—d stature remove them into large Pots or Cases and â—ut lesser into those you remove them out of and this â—eed not be done above once in two or three Years In JUNE What things are proper to be done NOw Inoculate Roses Jessamine and some other choice Shrubs set Slips of Myrtle in Cold moisâ— Ground and they will the better take Root Likewise by slips you may multiply Cytisus Innatus in Ground that is moderately moist but let them not exceeds handful in length and be of the same spring and use this Month neither Seeds nor Layers of them Water now such Things as require it trim up your Knots and put every Thing in order that by defect aecident or luxuriance have intangled or put themselves out oâ— decency or regular form and proceed to the place thâ— spreading shoots or tender slips of this Years growth in your Verdent Bowers or Arbours In JULY What things are proper to be done YOu may this Month continue to slip Myrtle Lawrels and other useful Greens Water Shrubs newly planted as also Layers of Granads Myrtle Orange-trees Amomum which Shrub must be frequently Watered and cannot well be done too much requiring likewise very much Compost to support it as do also thâ— Granads and Myrtles so that take care when you triâ— their Roots or change their Earth that you give theâ— the fattest and most natural Soil Inarch graft by Approach and inoculate Oranges Jesamine and other curious Shrubs Take up Autumnal Cyclamen gather the early Seeds of it and sow it in Pots About the latter end of this Month lay new Earth on the Surface of the Cases wherein your Orange-Trees are planted and cool them as much as you can and plunge your Pots in cool Earth to avoid the excessive heat of the Sun In AUGUST What Things are proper to be done c. THE beginning of this Month is the proper season for Success in Budding of Orange-Trees Therefore Inoculate seedling Stocks of about three or four Years growth and to have good Buds for this purpose take off the head of an old Orange-Tree that is of a good kind which will furnish you with the best by making large Shoots About the 24th of this Month is a proper and very safe Season to remove and lay your Perennial Greens Lemmons Oranges Myrtles Oleanpers Phllyreat Pomgranates Monthly Roses Arbutus Jesamines and other choice Shrubs and such as will endure the Frost peg the Shoot and Branch of the last Spring in very fertile Earth water them as you see occasion during the Summer and when this Time comes again the next Year you may transplant or remove them into fit Earth set in the shade with moderate Moisture but not too much lest it rot the young Fibres and then at three Weeks end place them in a more Airy Station but not till fifteen Days after you ought not to venture them in the Sun especially 〈◊〉 hot In SEPTEMBER Things proper to be done c. PLANT Irish-chalchidon and Cyclamen cotinue to sow Phillyria and Alternus and Anuals that are not impaired by the Frost Priune Pines and Firr-Trees somewhat after the Equinoctial if it was not done in March for I prefer that Month as a proper Season About Michaelmas later or sooner as the Weather proves reasonable fair without Fogs or great Mists is a proper Time to retire your tender Greens c. observing at the same Time that they be dry on the Leafs c. as Lemmons Oranges Indian and Spanish Jessamine Dates Ledon Clusi Aloes Sedums Oleanders Babha-Jovis Citysus Lunatus Amomum Plin Choemeleatricocces put them into your Conservatory with fresh Mould stirred amongst that which is on the Top of their Cases and Boxes then add rich and well consumed Soil for their better nourishment during the Winter but you need not shut the Doors and Windows of the House till the cold is much more increased and by its sharpness gives you warning to do it As for Myrtles they may be left Abroad till the latter end of October In OCTOBER Things proper to be done c. IN this Month you may sow Cyprus if the Frost be not rise but do not much clip your Shrubs of any kind sow Alternus and Philligra-seeds and look after your Green-House to place all Things in good Order and clear them of dead or decaying Leafs or any other Annoyances and remove such Things as are yet Abroad according to their Degrees bearing Cold into shelter and put Dung to the Roots of such as are yet left Abroad but not too much nor too hot lest it injure them to too much Heat so that they will be the less abler In NOVEMBER Things proper to be done c. THIS Month cover your young exposed Ever-Greens with Straw or Hawm if the Winds be very sharp lest they be dried up and spoiled and quite enclose your tender Plants Peranual-greens and choice Shrubs if the Frost come on in your Conservatory excluding particularly
Night lest 〈◊〉 sharpness of the Honey spoil the Plant. The Tops aâ— the sharp Ends you must set downward for from theâ— cometh the Root the Edge stands towards the Nortâ— You must set three of them in a Triangle a Handâ— one from the other they must be water'd every 〈◊〉 Days till they grow to be great it is also planted wâ— the Branches taken from the midst of the Tree Tâ— Philbert is Grafted not near the Top of the Stock 〈◊〉 about the midst upon the Bows that grow out Tâ— Tree doth soon bear Fruit and flowereth before 〈◊〉 others in January or February Virgil accounts it foâ— Prognosticator of the Plenty of Corn When thick the Nut-tree Flowers amidst the Wood Of Trees that all the Branches bend withal And that they prosper well and come to good That Year be sure of Corn shall Plenty fall â—he bitter ones which are the Wholesomer are made â—weet if round about the Tree four Fingers from the â—oot you make a little Trench by which he shall sweat â—ut its Bitterness or else if you open the Roots and our therein either Vrine or Hogs Dung But no Tree â—oweth sooner out of Kind and therefore you must ofâ—n remove it or else you must Graft when it is great CHAP. XVIII Of the Wall-nut-tree and common Nut-tree how to Order them WAll-nuts are to be set in the Ground the Seam downward about the beginning of March Some â—ink that they will grow as the Philbert doth either 〈◊〉 the Slip or the Root It groweth well and liketh 〈◊〉 cold and dry Place better than a hot the Nut that you â—ean to set will grow the better if you suffer it to lie our or five Days before in the Urine of a Boy â—nd will also prosper the better if it be often removed â—hose Nuts as it is thought prosper best that are let â—ll by the Crows and other Birds If you pierce the â—ree thro' with an Augurâ— and fill up the Place again â—ith a Pin of Elm the Tree shall lose his knotty hardâ—ess neither will he lose his Fruit if you hang by eiâ—her Mallet or a piece of Scarlet from a Dunghill Wall-nut-trees are properly planted round about on â—he out-side of an Orchard because their Shadows are â—reat and unwholesome besides the mischief they do â—ith their dropping They suck a great deal of good â—uice from the Ground For they are mighty high and â—all Trees of growth so as some of them are two â—r three Fathom about they take up a great deal of â—oom with their standing and beguile the other Trees â—f their Substance besides there are certain Trees that â—hey agree not well withal and therefore they are set on the outside of an Orchard as Standards to defeâ— their fellows from tempestuous Weather Amongst Nuts is also to be accounted the commâ— Hazelnuts a Kind whereof is the Philbert they aâ— Planted after the manner of the Garden Hazelnut thâ— delight in clay and waterish Grounds and upon thâ— highest Ground being very able to abide the Cold. CHAP. XIX Of the Chesnut-tree and Pine tree AMongst the Nuts also the Chesnut challengeth 〈◊〉 Place tho' he be rather to be reckoned amongâ— Maites from whence he is called the Nut or Mast 〈◊〉 Jupiter This Tree delighteth to grow on Uplands iâ— cold Countries It hateth Waters and desireth a cleâ— and a good Mould It misliketh not a moist graveâ— Ground and prospereth in a Shadowy or Northerly Banâ— it hateth a stiff and red clay Ground It is Planted boâ—â— of the Nut than of the Set otherwise the safer wâ—â— were the Set whch in 2 Years beareth Fruit. It iâ— Planted when the Sun is in the Aequinoctial both of thâ— Scion the Set the Branch and Root as the Olive iâ— The Chesnut that you mean for to Sow must be verâ— fair and ripe the newer they are the better they growâ— you must set them with the sharp end upwards and 〈◊〉 Foot asunder The Furrow must be a shaftman deep This Tree being felled after 5 Years will prosper likâ— the Willow And being cut out in Stays it will last tiâ— the next feâ—ling The Chesnut may be Grafted on thâ— Walnut the Beech and the Oak It hath been obseâ—ved that where they grow two and two together they prosper the better The Pine is planted not much unlike to the Almonâ— the Kernels of the Keit-clocks being set as the Almon◠〈◊〉 they are gathered in July before the cunicular Winds and before the Nuts the Husks being broken â—ll out The best Time of Sowing them Paladin reckons â—o be October and November This Tree is thought to â—e a Nourisher of all that is sown under it CHAP. XX. How to Order and Improve Cherry-trees THE Cherry-tree is easy to be planted if the Stones be but cast abroad they will grow with â—reat increase Such is their forwardness in growing â—hat the Stays or Supporters of Vines that are made of â—herry-tree are commonly seen to grow to be Trees They are grafted upon the Plumb-tree upon his own â—tock upon the Palm-tree and on the Abricot but â—est upon the wild Cherry it joyeth in being Grafted â—nd bearing better Fruit. If you Graft them upon the â—ine your Tree shall bear in the Spring the Time of Grafting is either when there is no Gum upon them â—r when the Gum has left running Remove the wild â—lant either in October or November and the first of Jaâ—uary or February when it hath taken Root it may be Grafted upon You may Graft it on the Stock but often it prospereth better being Grafted betwixt the Bark and the Wood. It delighteth to be set in deep â—renches to have Room enough and to be often digged â—bout It loveth to have the withered Boughs contiâ—ually cut away It groweth best in cold Places and â—o hateth Dung that if it be laid about them they grow â—o be wild It is also planted of the Slips and some â—ay it will bear its Fruits without Stones if in the setâ—ing of the Set you turned the upper End downward There are sundry Kinds of Cherries some that are reddeâ—â—han the rest others as black as a Cole Pliny saith That â—n the Banks of Rhine there grows a Cherry of Colour betwixt black red and green like Juniper-Berries whâ— they are almost ripe For the several invented Names 〈◊〉 them as Duke Heart c. for more brevity I shall paâ—â— them by at this time and say something of them hereaâ—ter The small Cherries are esteemed that grow upâ— a Bush with short Stalks round Fruit and very reâ— soft and full of Liquor They will bear very early 〈◊〉 you lay Lime about them It is good to gather them oâ—ten that those which you leave may grow the greateâ— There are also found a kind of Cherries growing wiâ—â— in the Woods and Hedge-rows and may be well Planâ—ed in Gardens and much improved with little Berrieâ— some red some altogether black CHAP. XXI Of Plumb-trees and how to Order them PLumb-trees
the cold Winds and if they there appear very dry and not freezing you may water them with Water qualified with Cow or Sheeps dung some what warmed Plant Roses Althea-frutex Citysus and sow stony Seeds You may now Plantt Forrest trees for Walks to make a curious green Shade in their proper Seasons either in Walks or Avenues and cover your tender Greens in the Nursery with Mattresses and warm Straw In DECEMBER Things proper to be done c. IN this Month little can be expected to be done as to Gardening and therefore may be termed to the careful Gardener a Month of rest wherein he ought to take care of himself in providing wholesome nourishing Diet warm Cloaths and good Fires yet let him look after such Things as yet require his Care especially in the Green-House or Conservatory which now will prove an easie Task the main being to keep the Windows and Doors well closed and lined with Mats or other Conveniencies to prevent the piercing Air entering thro' the Crevices for now the Orange-Trees are most likely to be in danger and therefore if the Weather be extream assist them with the kindly Heat of Fire but not too much for that does more Harm than Cold. Set dropping iipe Barberries and Pine-kernels in a good mellow Mould and see what else is requisite and so I conclude the Year with my Wishes that the honest Gardener's Undertakings may be always successful and prosperous The GREEN-HOUSE AND CONSERVATORY For the Preservation of Plants Shrubs Choice Flowers c. from Winds Frost or cold Airs that would otherwise Chill and Destroy them GREENS that last all the Year are for the most part not to be kept without great Care sometimes abroad and sometimes in the Conservatory and since few Books give any satisfactory Account of to accommodate the English Gardener I conceived it highly necessary to place such Rules and Directions on that Occasions at the latter End of this Work as cannot chuse but make it more acceptable to the Ingenious than any that have gone before it That a Green House or Conservatory to preserve choice Greens and Flowers from the nipping Winds or chilling Frosts I cannot conceive any that deal this Way are Ignorant tho' some are for having it in one Fashion and others in another and indeed I shall not undertake to contradict Fancy in this Matter yet there remains something to be said that many are ignorant of and being â—nown and put in practice may highly conduce to their Advantage Consider then that free breathing Air is that which continues the life and grotwh of Plants as well as Animals and where they are stifled and kept in too close tho' with Heat and subterranean Fires as Stows c. in the cold Weather as many use for want of free Air to breath they express a Languor by the Parching of the Brims of the Leafs and sometimes a Decay and Dryness of the whole Leaf which could they have moderate Heat and Air to pass in and out moderately for their Refreshment would be remedied and this can be done no better than by Earthen Pipes conveniently placed some in a Stow set on the Out-side of the House conducting Heat and others conveniently placed to let out the stagnated or sulphurous Air that sickens the Plants and let in that which is fresh and pure to revive and refresh them that they may continue and flourish at least keep their lively Verdure and this is far better than Pans of Charcole or Stows within that corrupt and stifle the Air and such a Stow may be erected with a Chimney or Funnel a Fire hearth and an Ash-hole at a moderate Price and the Expence of much less Fewel than the others the Pipes to let in Heat need not exceed three and one or two of them as Occasion requires may sometimes be stopped or less or more Heat is requisite the Season being very sharp or relenting and so may you order those of the like Number to let in and out the Air. In this House you must have your Door and Windows to the South and the Door that is placed in the side of it requires a Porch with another Door matted to keep the Crevices and shutting close so that going in or our one Door may be shut upon you before the other is opened that the cold Air may be kept out that otherwise would rush in with much Violence As for the Windows they must have Wooden-Shutters as well as Sashes of Glass well framed in that when the Cold is extream they may be totally shut up and when there is relentings or Sun-shiny Days the Wooden-Shutters my in the Day-time by degrees be opened to let in the Sun and Air more freely but not the Glass ones be drawn up unless it proves very warm and Sun-shiny and then not too suddenly but with Caution and Discretion that the Plants may take it kindly and not find too sudden an alteration in the change of the Air which may prove very prejudicial So range your Pots and Cases wherein your choice Plants and Flowers stand and each may receive a Benefit of Air and warmth according to its Degree but not so near as to interfere or intangle with one another for then they will keep in the contaminated thick or gross Air and there will be no free breathing amongst them as in this Case there ought to preserve a Vivacity of Liveliness in them The Greens require a little watering in the Conservatory or Green-House and many of them none as Aloes and the like because it makes them sickly and fading the Air being sufficient ro moisten them especially in the cold season and when by the curling and withering of the Leafs you find a necessity to do it warm the Water and mix it a little with Pidgeons or Poultry's-Dung pour it on moderately some distance from the Roots that it may leisurely soak to them and not in abundance Take off such Leaves as wither or grow dry and stir the Stalk or Bole of the Plant gently that the Root may be a little loose to have the freer breathing of Air open the Mould a little on the top and sprinkle a fresh Mould on the surface and over that a small scattering of warm Dung and if any Weeds or Grass grow up take them away smoothing over the place again keeping such a distance between your Rows of your Pots or Cases placed on Forms or Stools Tables or the like that you may easily pass between them to do any Office that is required for the Commodity or Advantage Spread at the bottom of your Green-House Wood-Ashes finely sifted and over them lay dryed Rushes and they will suck up the Damps apt to arise out of the Earth and add a considerable warmth to the place Let the Ceiling be low to reflect the Heat that proceeds from the Stow and hang it about with Linsey-wooles-y Baye or some such course Stuffs which will take off the Cold that is subject to penetrate the Walls and â—vent their Mustiness often occasioned by sweating â—ter Frosts or some relentings of Frosts foggy Weaâ—her or immoderate Rains when the Air is thick and gross and likewise add a considerable warmth for the preservation of such Things as are the most tender In matters not at which end of your House you erect your Stow whether East or West so it be in a convenient place It may be made of Stone or Brick to be erected foursquare of the ordinary size of a single plain Furnace like that of a Chymist used sn his Laboratory usual there for common Operation consisting of an Ash-hole and Fire-hearth which may take up about 2 Foot from out to out Yet so it must stand that the Grate or Fire-hearth may be about a Yard above the Floor or Area of the Green-House that thereby the Heat coming thro' the Pipes conveniently placed may be the more leveller and evener dispersed to the middle bottom and top of the House that every part may participate as much as is convenient of it and in this good ordering even in the Cold of Winter you will perceive many of your Greens to shoot out and flourish some Blossom and some produce Fruit many Flowers blow to admiration as if by this reviving Heat and good Management an Artificial Spring or Summer was produced which will much redound to the Credit and Profit of a Gardener especially such as manage these Affairs for the Nobility and Gentry of the Kingdom who are curious in them and take pleasure to see what they cannot reasonably expect at such a Season Thus Reader I hope I have fulfilled my Undertaking in omitting nothing that might materially conduce to the well ordering of an Orchard or Garden pleasant and profitable to the Owners in all their Particulars and Niceties so that an indifferent understanding Man may reach and comprehend the Instructions laid down which being put in practice as the Seasons are specified cannot but render a Gardener acceptable FINIS