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author_n then_o after_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o this_o fertile_a province_n though_o but_o situate_v in_o the_o same_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n with_o normandy_n be_v oftentimes_o subject_a to_o excessive_a cold_n which_o circumstance_n i_o mention_v as_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o something_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n deliver_v in_o the_o former_a section_n give_v a_o account_n of_o two_o differ_a effect_n of_o this_o cold_a upon_o the_o body_n of_o man_n the_o one_o be_v a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o sickness_n the_o other_o death_n 24._o the_o first_o which_o i_o remember_v not_o to_o have_v elsewhere_o meet_v with_o be_v that_o sometime_o when_o the_o natural_a heat_n prove_v strong_a enough_o to_o protect_v the_o toe_n and_o cheek_n and_o ear_n and_o other_o part_n that_o be_v either_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o heart_n or_o more_o tender_a from_o a_o sudden_a mortification_n yet_o unless_o nature_n be_v assist_v either_o by_o good_a precaution_n or_o remedy_n she_o 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the_o peristaltic_a or_o the_o usual_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n be_v invert_v as_o it_o also_o frequent_o happen_v in_o the_o same_o disease_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o anatomist_n and_o physician_n will_v think_v this_o account_n very_o imperfect_a but_o yet_o i_o think_v myself_o beholden_a to_o the_o author_n for_o it_o because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o best_a but_o the_o only_a that_o i_o have_v hitherto_o yet_o meet_v with_o of_o this_o matter_n though_o i_o can_v wish_v it_o have_v be_v much_o more_o full_a and_o particular_a and_o that_o he_o have_v also_o open_v those_o animal_n and_o especial_o their_o brain_n that_o he_o mention_n to_o have_v be_v kill_v sudden_o and_o without_o pain_n by_o cold_a for_o such_o information_n who_o want_n as_o far_o as_o our_o climate_n will_v permit_v i_o have_v have_v thought_n of_o supply_v by_o experiment_n upon_o other_o animal_n will_v perhaps_o satisfy_v i_o one_o way_n or_o other_o about_o a_o conjecture_n i_o have_v have_v and_o 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polish_v nobleman_n concern_v this_o beast_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o be_v in_o that_o province_n he_o have_v one_o present_v he_o as_o a_o rarity_n upon_o a_o occasion_n proper_a enough_o to_o be_v mention_v here_o for_o some_o of_o the_o pole_n chance_v to_o dig_v for_o some_o purpose_n that_o i_o remember_v not_o in_o a_o certain_a retire_a place_n be_v surprise_v to_o find_v under_o ground_n a_o animal_n not_o familiar_a to_o they_o and_o though_o this_o creature_n be_v so_o freeze_v and_o stiff_a that_o they_o think_v it_o to_o be_v stark_o dead_a yet_o when_o they_o come_v to_o flay_v it_o for_o its_o skin_n be_v awaken_v by_o pain_n it_o recover_v life_n again_o as_o be_v bring_v as_o a_o rarity_n to_o the_o commander_n from_o who_o i_o have_v the_o relation_n 29._o that_o some_o other_o animal_n may_v be_v freeze_v till_o they_o be_v stiff_a and_o yet_o recover_v i_o shall_v ere_o long_o have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v at_o the_o close_a of_o the_o 21._o section_n and_o 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so_o other_o may_v perchance_o succeed_v often_o than_o be_v expect_v as_o i_o have_v sometime_o observe_v in_o the_o figure_n that_o appear_v in_o the_o ice_n make_v of_o some_o liquor_n that_o abound_v with_o volatile_a urinous_a or_o with_o certain_a other_o salt_n but_o to_o say_v a_o word_n in_o general_a of_o experiment_n who_o success_n be_v not_o always_o uniform_a as_o a_o magnetic_a needle_n though_o it_o do_v not_o always_o precise_o respect_v the_o pole_n but_o both_o decline_v sometime_o eastward_o and_o sometime_o westward_o and_o vary_v that_o declination_n uncertain_o as_o to_o we_o do_v nevertheless_o so_o far_o respect_v the_o north_n as_o in_o spite_n of_o its_o variation_n to_o be_v a_o excellent_a guide_n to_o navigator_n so_o there_o be_v contingent_a experiment_n who_o event_n though_o they_o sometime_o vary_v be_v seldom_o very_o exorbitant_a but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v regular_a enough_o to_o afford_v philosopher_n very_o useful_a information_n and_o 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as_o principal_o affect_v by_o the_o proper_a virtue_n of_o the_o cold_a but_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o we_o shall_v ere_o long_o more_o full_o declare_v and_o if_o this_o be_v make_v out_o than_o the_o computation_n we_o be_v consider_v will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o fallacious_a for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o 5_o show_v that_o the_o strength_n require_v to_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n or_o there_o about_o to_o the_o space_n comprehend_v the_o same_o portion_n of_o air_n so_o that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n for_o instance_n of_o four_o inch_n of_o air_n be_v just_o able_a to_o resist_v a_o strength_n or_o pressure_n equivalent_a to_o 10._o pound_n weight_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o two_o inch_n in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v a_o equal_a force_n superad_v to_o the_o former_a which_o make_v that_o a_o double_a force_n or_o equivalent_a to_o 20_o pound_n weight_n will_v drive_v up_o that_o already_o compress_a 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than_o we_o yet_o do_v i_o see_v not_o why_o it_o shall_v be_v absurd_a to_o suspect_v that_o though_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o body_n which_o seem_v fit_v to_o produce_v cold_a indiscriminate_o in_o the_o body_n they_o invade_v or_o touch_v yet_o if_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o a_o body_n be_v but_o the_o lessen_v of_o the_o wont_a or_o former_a agitation_n of_o its_o part_n from_o what_o cause_n soever_o that_o remissness_n proceed_v it_o seem_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o beside_o those_o body_n or_o corpuscle_n that_o may_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o catholic_n efficient_n of_o cold_a there_o may_v be_v particular_a agent_n which_o in_o reference_n to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a body_n may_v be_v call_v frigorifick_a though_o they_o will_v not_o so_o much_o refrigerate_v another_o body_n which_o perhaps_o will_v be_v more_o easy_o affect_v than_o the_o former_a by_o 〈◊〉_d efficient_n of_o cold._a for_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o quicksilver_n may_v be_v congeal_v by_o the_o steam_n of_o lead_n which_o have_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o to_o have_v any_o such_o effect_n upon_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n and_o yet_o quicksilver_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o its_o fluidity_n by_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o will_v freeze_v not_o only_a water_n but_o wine_n and_o by_o what_o we_o have_v former_o relate_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o that_o great_a traveller_n the_o jesuit_n martinius_n it_o seem_v that_o water_n itself_o may_v in_o some_o region_n be_v so_o dispose_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o soil_n that_o it_o be_v susceptible_a of_o strange_a impression_n of_o cold_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o effect_n which_o that_o degree_n of_o cold_a produce_v there_o in_o humane_a body_n beside_o opium_n also_o of_o which_o three_o or_o four_o grain_n have_v too_o oft_o destroy_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n in_o a_o man_n body_n though_o that_o be_v a_o very_a hot_a subtle_a and_o spirituous_a liquor_n do_v not_o sensible_o refrigerate_v water_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v with_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n which_o i_o put_v sometime_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o ordinary_a water_n and_o sometime_o into_o a_o glass_n of_o water_n of_o the_o same_o temper_n and_o as_o we_o guess_v of_o the_o same_o quantity_n wherein_o opium_n enough_o to_o kill_v very_o many_o man_n be_v put_v in_o thin_a slice_n and_o suffer_v to_o dissolve_v which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o as_o differ_a liquor_n have_v each_o their_o peculiar_a texture_n so_o there_o may_v be_v certain_a body_n who_o minute_n particle_n by_o their_o peculiar_a seize_v shape_n and_o motion_n may_v be_v qualify_v to_o hinder_v or_o at_o least_o lessen_v the_o agitation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o appropriate_v liquor_n into_o who_o pore_n they_o insinuate_v themselves_o and_o thereby_o according_a to_o the_o late_o mention_v supposition_n they_o may_v refrigerate_v that_o particular_a liquor_n without_o have_v the_o like_a effect_n on_o other_o liquor_n who_o texture_n be_v differ_v and_o i_o may_v countenance_v this_o by_o add_v that_o as_o fiery_a and_o agitate_a a_o spirit_n as_o that_o of_o wine_n when_o well_o 〈◊〉_d be_v just_o think_v to_o be_v yet_o i_o know_v more_o liquor_n than_o one_o that_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o will_v in_o a_o trice_n deprive_v it_o of_o its_o 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v sometime_o make_v in_o some_o other_o liquor_n also_o but_o i_o must_v not_o insist_v on_o such_o matter_n have_v mention_v they_o but_o only_o to_o awaken_v man_n curiosity_n and_o circumspection_n and_o not_o to_o build_v much_o upon_o they_o which_o will_v be_v easy_o credit_v if_o it_o be_v remember_v that_o a_o little_a above_o i_o myself_o sufficient_o intimate_v that_o this_o conjecture_n suppose_v something_o about_o the_o
these_o weather-glass_n be_v so_o exceed_o sensible_a even_o of_o the_o minute_n difference_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a as_o manifest_o to_o discover_v disparity_n which_o other_o thermoscope_n be_v not_o nice_a enough_o to_o give_v we_o any_o notice_n of_o only_o this_o advertisement_n we_o must_v add_v about_o they_o that_o when_o we_o use_v they_o to_o examine_v the_o coldness_n not_o of_o liquid_a but_o of_o consistent_a body_n we_o alter_v a_o little_a the_o figure_n of_o the_o wide_a end_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o instead_o of_o ma_v it_o a_o round_a bubble_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o describe_v we_o make_v it_o with_o a_o flat_a or_o flattish_a bottom_n that_o the_o whole_a instrument_n may_v thereon_o as_o on_o a_o basis_n stand_v of_o itself_o upright_o and_o so_o be_v still_o take_v up_o by_o the_o open_a and_o slender_a end_n for_o fear_v of_o rarify_n the_o include_v air_n which_o caution_n be_v here_o give_v once_o for_o all_o may_v be_v transfer_v with_o a_o pendulous_a drop_n in_o the_o pipe_n and_o place_v sometime_o on_o one_o and_o sometime_o on_o another_o of_o the_o solid_a body_n to_o be_v examine_v by_o it_o for_o if_o the_o body_n it_o be_v remove_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o cold_a than_o that_o it_o rest_v on_o before_o that_o coldness_n communicate_v through_o the_o glass_n to_o the_o air_n by_o which_o the_o pendulous_a drop_n be_v support_v that_o air_n expansion_n or_o contraction_n will_v manifest_o appear_v by_o the_o rise_n or_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o drop_n and_o thus_o we_o have_v take_v pleasure_n to_o remove_v it_o from_o one_o kind_n of_o wood_n to_o another_o from_o wood_n to_o metal_n and_o from_o metal_n to_o stone_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o expedient_n that_o may_v be_v propose_v to_o improve_v these_o little_a instrument_n to_o the_o purpose_n we_o have_v be_v treat_v of_o and_o the_o caution_n that_o may_v be_v add_v to_o prevent_v man_n draw_v mistake_a inference_n from_o the_o information_n they_o seem_v to_o give_v 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accord_n produce_v in_o the_o air_n but_o not_o to_o discover_v whether_o or_o no_o nature_n assist_v by_o art_n may_v not_o produce_v great_a and_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o they_o be_v yet_o less_o make_v use_n of_o to_o help_v we_o to_o a_o estimate_n of_o this_o disparity_n and_o though_o some_o guess_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o cold_a upon_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o yet_o some_o as_o water_n and_o very_o aqueous_a liquor_n will_v freeze_v too_o soon_o and_o other_o as_o vinous_a spirit_n will_v not_o at_o all_o that_o we_o have_v find_v here_o in_o england_n and_o though_o french-wine_n will_v sometime_o be_v bring_v to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v yet_o that_o happen_v but_o very_a seldom_o and_o in_o many_o winter_n not_o at_o all_o and_o leave_v too_o great_a a_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n necessary_a to_o congeal_v wine_n and_o sufficient_a to_o congeal_v water_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o uncertainty_n proceed_v from_o the_o differ_a strength_n of_o the_o wine_n 3._o upon_o these_o and_o other_o consideration_n we_o think_v it_o requisite_a to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o expedient_a who_o nature_n and_o use_n will_v be_v easy_o gather_v out_o of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o though_o by_o a_o mischance_n that_o break_v my_o weatherglass_n i_o have_v be_v hinder_v from_o measure_v exact_o in_o what_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a bulk_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v contract_v by_o the_o surplusage_n of_o cold_a that_o be_v more_o than_o necessary_a to_o make_v water_n freeze_v yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o something_o of_o use_n to_o our_o present_a theme_n may_v be_v thence_o collect_v and_o especial_o the_o main_a thing_n design_v will_v manifest_o appear_v which_o be_v the_o intensity_n of_o cold_a produce_v by_o art_n beyond_o that_o which_o nature_n need_v to_o employ_v upon_o the_o glaciate_a of_o water_n 4._o a_o small_a seal_a weatherglass_n furnish_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o ball_n be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o large_a nutmeg_n and_o the_o cylindrical_a stem_n be_v very_o slender_a and_o about_o ten_o inch_n long_o the_o ball_n and_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n half_o bury_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n the_o bottom_n and_o the_o side_n but_o before_o the_o ice_n have_v reach_v the_o ball_n for_o fear_v it_o shall_v break_v it_o the_o tinct_a liquor_n be_v find_v subside_v to_o 5_o ⅔_n division_n be_v half_a inch_n and_o be_v take_v out_o thence_o and_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v immediate_o apply_v to_o the_o ball_n the_o liquor_n fall_v low_a to_o about_o 1_o ½_o division_n and_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o water_n though_o in_o part_n congeal_v remain_v warm_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o uncongeal_v that_o have_v be_v refrigerated_a by_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o will_v add_v this_o other_o 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freeze_v whereas_o the_o other_o egg_n that_o lie_v by_o upon_o the_o dry_a table_n have_v not_o only_o its_o whole_a white_a freeze_a into_o a_o consistent_a body_n but_o the_o yelk_n itself_o though_o we_o see_v no_o distinct_a particle_n of_o ice_n in_o it_o be_v grow_v so_o hard_o that_o it_o cut_v just_a like_o the_o yelk_n of_o a_o egg_n over_o boil_v and_o be_v cut_v quite_o through_o show_v we_o certain_a concentrical_a circle_n of_o somewhat_o differ_v colour_n with_o a_o speck_n much_o white_a than_o any_o of_o they_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o yelk_n which_o last_o circumstance_n whether_o they_o be_v accidental_a or_o no_o further_a observation_n must_v determine_v note_v that_o though_o we_o have_v not_o find_v above_o once_o that_o freeze_a egg_n will_v swim_v yet_o when_o we_o have_v break_v such_o egg_n the_o freeze_a white_a will_v swim_v but_o not_o the_o yelk_n 4._o we_o afterward_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n of_o lay_v two_o freeze_v egg_n near_o together_o 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by_o people_n pass_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o room_n 6._o we_o take_v some_o pippin_n and_o expose_v they_o to_o freeze_v all_o night_n and_o put_v they_o the_o next_o morning_n into_o a_o basin_n of_o very_a cold_a water_n though_o in_o a_o warm_a room_n they_o be_v not_o long_o there_o without_o be_v enclose_v with_o case_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n where_o note_n 1._o that_o that_o part_n of_o a_o float_a apple_n that_o be_v immerse_v under_o water_n have_v a_o very_a much_o thick_a coat_n than_o the_o other_o part_n which_o remain_v above_o it_o 2._o that_o the_o extant_a part_n seem_v likewise_o to_o be_v hard_a than_o the_o immersed_a 3._o that_o one_o of_o these_o pippin_n be_v purposely_o leave_v out_o of_o the_o basin_n but_o lay_v by_o it_o seem_v upon_o cut_v to_o be_v hard_a and_o more_o freeze_a then_o those_o apple_n which_o have_v be_v put_v into_o the_o water_n which_o scarce_o seem_v to_o be_v at_o all_o hard_a than_o ordinary_a pippin_n that_o 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in_o the_o glass_n than_o the_o eggs._n but_o none_o of_o these_o trial_n produce_v as_o we_o can_v perceive_v one_o grain_n of_o ice_n and_o be_v desirous_a to_o see_v whether_o the_o acid_n salt_n of_o vinegar_n or_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o well_o freeze_a egg_n will_v have_v the_o chief_a operation_n if_o those_o two_o body_n be_v put_v together_o i_o find_v upon_o trial_n that_o the_o saline_n part_n of_o the_o vinegar_n begin_v to_o dissolve_v the_o eggshell_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o much_o alter_a colour_n of_o it_o but_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o egg_n be_v not_o able_a to_o freeze_v any_o part_n of_o the_o water_n or_o phlegm_n of_o the_o vinegar_n 8._o we_o have_v also_o thought_n of_o try_v whither_o or_o no_o piece_n of_o iron_n of_o several_a shape_n and_o bigness_n be_v for_o divers_a day_n and_o night_n expose_v to_o the_o freeze_a air_n and_o afterward_o immerse_v in_o water_n will_v produce_v any_o ice_n as_o freeze_a egg_n and_o apple_n do_v for_o the_o brittleness_n of_o the_o lath_n of_o stone-bow_n in_o sharp_a frost_n together_o with_o other_o observation_n elsewhere_o mention_v seem_v to_o argue_v that_o to_o use_v a_o popular_a phrase_n the_o frost_n do_v also_o get_v into_o these_o body_n and_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o one_o who_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v make_v with_o egg_n and_o apple_n invite_v i_o to_o consult_v that_o a_o great_a cheese_n he_o immerse_v in_o water_n in_o a_o cold_a country_n be_v present_o cover_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o though_o as_o i_o say_v i_o have_v thought_n of_o make_v the_o above_o mention_v trial_n yet_o for_o want_v of_o a_o frost_n sufficient_o durable_a i_o be_v not_o able_a to_o effect_v what_o i_o design_v but_o thus_o much_o i_o try_v that_o though_o i_o keep_v good_a lump_n of_o iron_n and_o as_o i_o remember_v of_o other_o metal_n beside_o piece_n of_o glass_n and_o a_o stone_n or_o two_o of_o a_o convenient_a size_n in_o snow_n and_o salt_n i_o know_v not_o how_o much_o long_o than_o will_v have_v suffice_v to_o make_v egg_n or_o apple_n or_o such_o kind_n of_o thing_n fit_a to_o produce_v store_n of_o ice_n in_o water_n upon_o their_o be_v thaw_v therein_o yet_o we_o can_v not_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o immersing_a the_o several_a new_o name_v mineral_n body_n there_o be_v the_o least_o ice_n produce_v in_o the_o cold_a water_n where_o we_o keep_v they_o cover_v i_o must_v not_o nevertheless_o omit_v to_o make_v some_o mention_n of_o that_o which_o late_o 〈◊〉_d to_o happen_v at_o the_o door_n of_o our_o own_o laboratory_n respect_v the_o north_n east_n where_o some_o glass_n new_o bring_v from_o the_o shop_n and_o not_o employ_v lie_v in_o a_o basket_n as_o they_o pour_v water_n into_o one_o of_o they_o to_o rinse_v it_o part_n of_o it_o be_v present_o turn_v into_o ice_n while_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n hold_v it_o in_o his_o hand_n who_o come_v present_o to_o show_v it_o i_o i_o suspect_v the_o ice_n may_v have_v come_v from_o or_o rather_o with_o the_o water_n that_o be_v pour_v into_o the_o glass_n but_o upon_o inquire_v be_v assure_v of_o the_o contrary_a 9_o but_o here_o i_o must_v not_o omit_v another_o trial_n relate_v to_o the_o former_a experiment_n which_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o odd_a if_o its_o event_n prove_v constant_o the_o same_o as_o when_o we_o try_v it_o for_o after_o these_o and_o divers_a other_o experiment_n make_v with_o freeze_a egg_n and_o apple_n we_o think_v it_o may_v be_v worth_a the_o examine_n whether_o or_o no_o ice_n and_o the_o liquor_n of_o these_o concretes_n will_v produce_v the_o like_a effect_n as_o freeze_a egg_n and_o apple_n and_o because_o it_o be_v usual_o a_o easy_a
ascribe_v to_o the_o resolve_a ice_n may_v have_v proceed_v from_o that_o which_o will_v not_o have_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o a_o ordinary_a experimenter_n for_o as_o i_o not_o long_o since_o intimate_v i_o have_v sometime_o purposely_o and_o sometime_o by_o chance_n by_o thaw_v ice_n in_o close_v vessel_n somewhat_o hasty_o produce_v a_o copious_a dew_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o dew_n as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o condense_v vapour_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n aught_o to_o be_v wipe_v off_o before_o the_o vessel_n be_v put_v into_o the_o scale_n to_o weigh_v the_o melt_a ice_n and_o it_o be_v possible_a also_o that_o helmont_n may_v have_v err_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o weigh_v his_o lagena_fw-la whatever_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o it_o be_v usual_a even_o for_o learned_a man_n that_o be_v not_o verse_v in_o statick_n to_o mistake_v in_o experiment_n which_o require_v that_o thing_n be_v skilful_o and_o nice_o weigh_v how_o far_o this_o excuse_n may_v be_v 12._o apply_v to_o a_o late_a commentator_n upon_o aristotle_n meteor_n who_o say_v he_o try_v that_o water_n freeze_v be_v heavy_a than_o unfrozen_a be_v a_o stranger_n to_o that_o author_n write_n i_o shall_v not_o consider_v only_o whereas_o helmont_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o agree_v very_o little_a in_o their_o affirmation_n it_o will_v be_v perhaps_o more_o difficult_a to_o accord_v they_o then_o to_o determine_v by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o former_o register_v experiment_n what_o may_v be_v think_v of_o both_o their_o relation_n yet_o i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o if_o i_o have_v not_o devise_v the_o above_o mention_v way_n of_o freeze_a water_n by_o art_n in_o hermetical_o seal_v glass_n i_o shall_v have_v find_v it_o difficult_a to_o reduce_v what_o be_v affirm_v by_o manelphus_n which_o i_o then_o dream_v not_o of_o to_o a_o accurate_a experiment_n for_o though_o i_o have_v employ_v a_o seal_a glass_n which_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v that_o he_o or_o any_o other_o have_v yet_o make_v use_n of_o to_o that_o purpose_n yet_o if_o i_o have_v in_o that_o vessel_n expose_v the_o water_n to_o be_v freeze_v the_o common_a way_n it_o be_v odds_o though_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o certain_a that_o the_o water_n beginning_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o congeal_v at_o the_o top_n the_o expansion_n of_o the_o subsequent_o freeze_a water_n will_v break_v the_o glass_n and_o so_o spoil_v the_o experiment_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n i_o have_v sometime_o in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o examine_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n freeze_v by_o nature_n according_a to_o her_o wont_a method_n in_o open_a vial_n and_o if_o instead_o of_o glass_n you_o make_v use_v of_o strong_a earthen_a vessel_n there_o be_v danger_n that_o something_o may_v be_v imbibe_v or_o adhere_v to_o the_o porous_a vessel_n and_o increase_v the_o weight_n and_o by_o some_o such_o way_n or_o by_o some_o mistake_n in_o weigh_v it_o be_v very_o probable_a manelphus_n may_v have_v be_v deceive_v which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o think_v if_o we_o suppose_v he_o a_o sincere_a writer_n not_o only_o because_o of_o some_o thing_n i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o about_o congelation_n make_v in_o earthen_a vessel_n but_o because_o when_o i_o have_v instead_o of_o a_o earthen_a make_v use_v of_o a_o metalline_a pottinger_n both_o which_o sort_n of_o vessel_n have_v in_o common_a this_o inconvenience_n that_o their_o ponderousness_n make_v they_o less_o fit_a for_o accurate_a scale_n there_o appear_v cause_n to_o suspect_v either_o that_o our_o author_n do_v not_o use_v metalline_a vessel_n or_o which_o i_o rather_o suspect_v that_o he_o want_v skill_n or_o diligence_n in_o weigh_v for_o as_o i_o find_v no_o intimation_n of_o his_o have_v employ_v any_o peculiar_a or_o artificial_a sort_n of_o vessel_n so_o if_o he_o use_v such_o as_o we_o have_v new_o be_v speak_v of_o and_o have_v weigh_v they_o careful_o i_o can_v but_o think_v that_o instead_o of_o find_v the_o ice_n heavy_a than_o the_o water_n it_o be_v make_v of_o he_o will_v have_v rather_o find_v it_o light_a for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v once_o expose_v all_o night_n a_o pottinger_n almost_o full_a of_o common_a water_n to_o a_o exceed_o sharp_a air_n and_o have_v cause_v it_o the_o next_o morning_n to_o be_v bring_v i_o when_o the_o liquor_n be_v thorough_o freeze_v i_o find_v it_o to_o have_v lose_v about_o 50._o grain_n if_o i_o misremember_v not_o of_o its_o former_a weight_n and_o though_o this_o event_n be_v consonant_a enough_o to_o my_o conjecture_n yet_o for_o great_a certainty_n i_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n another_o 〈◊〉_d night_n with_o this_o new_a caution_n that_o the_o pottinger_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o counterpoise_n be_v keep_v suspend_v in_o the_o scale_n to_o be_v sure_a that_o no_o effusion_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o water_n in_o carry_v it_o abroad_o to_o the_o open_a air_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o but_o the_o next_o morning_n somewhat_o late_o the_o vessel_n with_o the_o contain_v water_n now_o congeal_v appear_v to_o have_v lose_v about_o 60._o grain_n and_o with_o the_o like_a success_n the_o trial_n be_v reiterated_a once_o more_o and_o that_o in_o weather_n so_o sharp_a that_o i_o be_o not_o apt_a to_o think_v the_o water_n expose_v by_o manelphus_n begin_v to_o freeze_v soon_o than_o we_o but_o the_o event_n be_v not_o unexpected_a for_o beside_o that_o i_o consider_v that_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o experiment_n part_n of_o the_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o exceed_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n must_v in_o all_o likelihood_n fly_v away_o before_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v congeal_v i_o judge_v it_o not_o improbable_a that_o not_o only_o the_o fluid_a part_n but_o even_o that_o which_o be_v already_o congeal_v may_v continual_o lose_v some_o of_o its_o corpuscle_n and_o by_o their_o recess_n lose_v also_o somewhat_o of_o its_o weight_n and_o lest_o these_o conjecture_n shall_v seem_v too_o too_o unlikely_a it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o add_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o first_o of_o they_o that_o have_v purposely_o provide_v a_o large_a pewter_n box_n with_o a_o cover_n to_o screw_v on_o it_o and_o have_v fill_v it_o almost_o full_a of_o water_n i_o say_v almost_o because_o if_o the_o vessel_n have_v be_v quite_o full_a the_o congeal_a cold_a may_v have_v burst_v it_o and_o careful_o weigh_v the_o aggregate_v of_o both_o which_o amount_v to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gr_n 11._o whereof_o the_o vessel_n weigh_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o gr_o 8._o we_o expose_v the_o water_n after_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pot_n be_v screw_v on_o to_o hinder_v the_o avolation_n of_o it_o to_o the_o freeze_a air_n all_o night_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n find_v it_o freeze_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n though_o not_o uniform_o and_o perfect_o but_o find_v not_o one_o grain_n difference_n betwixt_o its_o present_a and_o its_o former_a weight_n and_o as_o for_o the_o second_o conjecture_n new_o propose_v though_o it_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o strange_a yet_o it_o be_v confirmable_a by_o this_o experiment_n that_o have_v place_v divers_a lump_n of_o solid_a ice_n in_o a_o pottinger_n which_o together_o with_o they_o weigh_v a_o pound_n consist_v of_o 16_o 〈◊〉_d and_o have_v expose_v these_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o scale_n wherein_o they_o be_v weigh_v to_o the_o free_a air_n on_o a_o very_a frosty_a night_n we_o find_v the_o ice_n to_o have_v lose_v the_o next_o morning_n 24._o grain_n of_o its_o weight_n and_o the_o weather_n continue_v so_o cold_a that_o it_o freeze_v hard_o all_o day_n long_o in_o the_o shade_n i_o give_v order_n to_o have_v it_o keep_v out_o of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o same_o scale_n during_o all_o that_o time_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o follow_a night_n and_o then_o weigh_v it_o the_o second_o time_n find_v that_o the_o whole_a decrement_n of_o weight_n do_v now_o amount_v to_o five_o grain_n above_o two_o drachm_n though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ice_n without_o the_o pottinger_n be_v but_o about_o seven_o ounce_n and_o when_o we_o have_v keep_v about_o 13._o ounce_n of_o ice_n in_o a_o very_a frosty_a night_n expose_v to_o the_o cold_a air_n it_o have_v lose_v as_o early_o as_o the_o next_o morning_n a_o good_a deal_n above_o two_o drachm_n of_o its_o former_a weight_n but_o these_o statical_a observation_n have_v perhaps_o already_o but_o too_o much_o swell_v this_o appendix_n title_n xxi_o promiscuous_a experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v cold._n 1._o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o be_v imagine_v that_o i_o have_v such_o narrow_a thought_n of_o the_o subject_n i_o treat_v of_o cold_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o i_o have_v comprise_v under_o those_o few_o title_n prefix_v to_o the_o
but_o scarce_o credible_a that_o though_o the_o cold_a have_v such_o strange_a and_o tragical_a effect_n at_o musco_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o cold_a country_n as_o we_o have_v former_o mention_v especial_o a_o little_a after_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o 18._o and_o somewhere_o in_o the_o 19_o section_n yet_o this_o happen_v to_o the_o russian_n and_o livonian_o themselves_z who_o not_o only_o by_o live_v in_o such_o a_o country_n must_v be_v accustom_v to_o bitter_a cold_n but_o who_o to_o harden_v themselves_o to_o the_o cold_a have_v use_v themselves_o and_o thereby_o bring_v themselves_o to_o be_v able_a to_o pass_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a from_o no_o less_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n without_o any_o visible_a prejudice_n to_o their_o health_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o virtuoso_fw-la of_o unquestionable_a credit_n whether_o the_o report_n of_o our_o merchant_n concern_v this_o strange_a custom_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o livonian_o be_v certain_o true_a he_o assure_v i_o that_o it_o be_v so_o at_o least_o as_o to_o the_o livonian_o among_o who_o be_v in_o their_o country_n he_o have_v know_v it_o practise_v and_o the_o same_o be_v affirm_v to_o i_o by_o a_o ingenious_a person_n a_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n that_o have_v occasion_n some_o year_n since_o to_o make_v a_o journey_n to_o musco_n and_o the_o tradition_n be_v abundant_o confirm_v by_o olearius_n who_o testimony_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v because_o this_o seem_v one_o of_o the_o eminent_a and_o least_o credible_a instance_n that_o we_o have_v yet_o meet_v with_o of_o the_o strange_a power_n that_o custom_n may_v have_v even_o upon_o the_o body_n of_o man_n '_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n say_v he_o to_o see_v how_o far_o 168._o those_o body_n speak_v of_o the_o russian_n that_o be_v accustom_v and_o harden_v to_o the_o cold_a can_v endure_v heat_n and_o how_o when_o it_o make_v they_o ready_a to_o faint_v they_o go_v out_o of_o their_o stove_n stark_o naked_a both_o man_n and_o woman_n and_o cast_v themselves_o into_o cold_a water_n or_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v pour_v upon_o their_o body_n and_o even_o in_o winter_n wallow_v in_o the_o snow_n to_o which_o passage_n our_o author_n add_v from_o his_o own_o observation_n particular_a example_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o he_o deliver_v 6._o i_o have_v several_a year_n since_o the_o curiosity_n to_o try_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o truth_n in_o that_o tradition_n which_o be_v confident_o affirm_v and_o experience_n by_o some_o be_v pretend_v for_o it_o that_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v cold_a but_o though_o i_o be_v not_o able_a to_o find_v any_o such_o matter_n either_o by_o the_o ununited_a beam_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o by_o the_o same_o beam_n concentre_v by_o such_o burning-glass_n as_o i_o then_o have_v yet_o have_v some_o year_n after_o furnish_v myself_o with_o 〈◊〉_d large_a and_o extraordinary_a good_a mettalline_a concave_n i_o resolve_v to_o try_v whether_o those_o beam_n be_v not_o only_o devoid_a of_o cold_a but_o also_o somewhat_o warmish_n since_o they_o be_v the_o sunbeam_n though_o reflect_v from_o the_o moon_n and_o we_o see_v that_o his_o beam_n though_o reflect_v from_o glass_n not_o shape_v for_o burn_v may_v yet_o produce_v some_o not_o insensible_a degree_n of_o warmth_n but_o notwithstanding_o my_o care_n to_o make_v my_o trial_n in_o clear_a weather_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v about_o the_o full_a and_o if_o i_o misremember_v not_o with_o a_o weà ther-glass_n i_o can_v not_o perceive_v by_o any_o concentration_n of_o the_o lunar_a beam_n no_o not_o upon_o a_o black_a object_n that_o her_o light_n do_v produce_v any_o sensible_a degree_n either_o of_o cold_a or_o heat_n but_o perhaps_o other_o with_o very_o large_a glass_n may_v be_v more_o successful_a in_o their_o trial_n 7._o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o meet_v the_o other_o day_n in_o a_o bookseller_n shop_n with_o the_o work_n of_o the_o learned_a physician_n sanctorius_n who_o i_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o inquisitive_a man_n consider_v when_o and_o where_o he_o live_v a_o picture_n draw_v my_o eye_n to_o take_v off_o a_o experiment_n whereby_o he_o think_v to_o evince_v the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o be_v considerable_o hot_a which_o he_o say_v he_o try_v by_o a_o burning-glass_n through_o which_o the_o moon_n light_n be_v cast_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n the_o water_n be_v thereby_o depress_v a_o good_a way_n as_o appear_v to_o many_o of_o his_o disciple_n amid_o who_o the_o observation_n be_v make_v but_o though_o this_o may_v invite_v i_o when_o opportunity_n shall_v serve_v to_o repeat_v my_o trial_n yet_o i_o must_v till_o then_o suspend_v my_o assent_n to_o his_o conclusion_n for_o my_o burning-glass_n be_v much_o better_o then_o by_o the_o narrative_a his_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v and_o my_o trial_n be_v perhaps_o at_o least_o as_o careful_o and_o impartial_o make_v as_o his_o experiment_n in_o which_o this_o may_v probable_o have_v impose_v upon_o he_o that_o perform_v the_o experiment_n a_o company_n of_o his_o scholar_n while_o they_o stand_v round_o about_o his_o thermoscope_n and_o stoop_v as_o in_o likelihood_n their_o curiosity_n make_v they_o to_o do_v to_o see_v by_o so_o dim_a a_o light_a the_o event_n of_o the_o experiment_n the_o unheeded_a warmth_n of_o their_o breath_n and_o body_n may_v unaware_o to_o sanctorius_n somewhat_o affect_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o by_o 〈◊〉_d it_o cause_n that_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n which_o he_o ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n beam_n but_o because_o this_o be_v a_o conjecture_n i_o intend_v if_o god_n permit_v to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n when_o i_o shall_v have_v opportunity_n to_o do_v with_o a_o more_o tender_a weatherglass_n than_o i_o have_v by_o i_o when_o i_o make_v my_o former_a observation_n to_o the_o xi_o title_n by_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o the_o former_a attempt_n make_v with_o a_o iron_n instrument_n i_o be_v invite_v especial_o be_v at_o another_o place_n where_o i_o be_v unfurnish_a with_o such_o hollow_a iron_n ball_n as_o be_v mention_v num._n the_o 10._o to_o substitute_v the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o cause_v a_o skilful_a smith_n to_o take_v a_o pistol_n barrel_n guess_v to_o be_v of_o about_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o of_o a_o proportionable_a bore_n and_o when_o he_o have_v by_o rivet_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n exact_o stop_v the_o touchhole_n i_o cause_v he_o to_o fit_a to_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n a_o screw_n to_o go_v as_o close_o as_o well_o he_o can_v make_v it_o and_o then_o have_v fill_v it_o to_o the_o very_a top_n with_o water_n i_o cause_v the_o screw_n to_o be_v thrust_v in_o which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o the_o effusion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o water_n as_o forcible_o as_o the_o party_n i_o employ_v be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o that_o the_o water_n dilate_v by_o congelation_n may_v not_o either_o drive_v out_o the_o screw_n or_o get_v between_o it_o and_o the_o top_n of_o the_o barrel_n and_o have_v then_o suspend_v this_o barrel_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n in_o the_o free_a air_n in_o a_o very_a cold_a 〈◊〉_d which_o then_o unexpected_o happen_v and_o give_v i_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o make_v the_o trial_n i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d water_n have_v thrust_v out_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o screw_n notwithstanding_o that_o to_o fill_v up_o interval_n i_o have_v oil_v it_o before_o and_o be_v get_v out_o betwixt_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o it_o and_o the_o barrel_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o ice_n that_o be_v get_v out_o and_o stick_v round_o about_o the_o screw_n wherefore_o the_o bitter_a cold_a continue_v one_o day_n long_o i_o do_v the_o next_o night_n cause_n the_o interval_n that_o may_v be_v leave_v betwixt_o the_o male_a and_o female_a screw_n to_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o melt_a bee_n wax_v which_o i_o presume_v will_v keep_v the_o screw_n from_o be_v turn_v by_o the_o water_n and_o have_v in_o other_o point_v proceed_v as_o former_o i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o the_o screw_v hold_v as_o i_o desire_v and_o the_o precede_a night_n have_v be_v exceed_v bitter_a the_o cold_a have_v so_o forcible_o congeal_v and_o expanded_a the_o water_n that_o it_o burst_v the_o iron_n barrel_n somewhat_o near_o the_o top_n and_o make_v a_o considerable_a and_o oblique_a crack_n in_o it_o about_o which_o a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o ice_n appear_v to_o stick_v beside_o that_o there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o other_o flaw_n at_o some_o of_o which_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n appear_v to_o have_v get_v out_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o i_o bespeak_v this_o iron_n barrel_n of_o the_o smith_n i_o order_v he_o to_o get_v i_o a_o brass_n
may_v be_v very_o warrantable_o question_v for_o it_o be_v evident_a in_o water_n we_o expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o large_a vessel_n that_o the_o congelation_n begin_v at_o the_o surface_n where_o the_o liquor_n be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o air_n and_o thence_o as_o the_o cold_a continue_v to_o prevail_v the_o ice_n increase_v and_o thicken_v downward_o and_o therefore_o we_o see_v that_o frog_n retire_v themselves_o in_o frosty_a weather_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o ditch_n whence_o i_o have_v have_v many_o of_o they_o take_v out_o very_o brisk_a and_o vigorous_a from_o under_o the_o thick_a ice_n that_o cover_v the_o water_n and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o observe_a person_n that_o at_o least_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o winter_n for_o shoal_n of_o fish_n to_o retire_v to_o those_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o not_o of_o river_n also_o where_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o summer_n beside_o if_o rivers_n be_v freeze_v at_o the_o 〈◊〉_d we_o must_v very_o frequent_o meet_v in_o the_o emergent_a piece_n of_o ice_n the_o shape_n of_o those_o irregular_a cavity_n and_o protuberance_n that_o be_v often_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o uneven_a soil_n over_o which_o river_n take_v their_o course_n whereas_o general_o those_o emergent_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v flat_a as_o those_o flake_n that_o be_v generate_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n moreover_o if_o even_o deep_a river_n freeze_v first_o at_o the_o bottom_n why_o shall_v not_o very_o many_o spring_n and_o wells_n 〈◊〉_d first_o at_o the_o bottom_n too_o the_o contrary_a of_o which_o nevertheless_o be_v obvious_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o confirmation_n of_o all_o which_o we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o what_o we_o former_o note_v in_o the_o section_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la about_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o french_a salt-work_n who_o by_o overflow_a the_o bank_n and_o causeways_n all_o the_o winter_n keep_v they_o from_o be_v spoil_v by_o the_o srost_n which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o water_n they_o stand_v under_o freeze_v as_o well_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top._n but_o i_o find_v that_o that_o which_o deceive_v our_o watermen_n be_v that_o they_o often_o observe_v flake_n of_o ice_n to_o ascend_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o rivers_n to_o the_o top_n and_o indeed_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o after_o the_o hard_a frost_n have_v continue_v a_o while_n these_o emergent_a piece_n of_o ice_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o freeze_a over_o of_o rivers_n for_o come_v in_o some_o of_o the_o narrow_a part_n of_o they_o to_o be_v stop_v by_o the_o superficial_a ice_n that_o reach_v on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o river_n a_o good_a way_n from_o the_o bank_n towards_o the_o middle_n those_o flat_a icy_a body_n be_v easy_o cement_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o contiguous_a water_n to_o one_o another_o and_o by_o degree_n straighten_n and_o at_o length_n choke_v up_o the_o passage_n they_o give_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o other_o flake_n of_o ice_n that_o either_o emerge_n from_o the_o bottom_n or_o loosen_v from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n or_o carry_v down_o the_o stream_n towards_o they_o and_o these_o be_v also_o by_o the_o same_o cold_a cement_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o river_n be_v at_o length_n quite_o freeze_v over_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o so_o many_o flake_n of_o ice_n come_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o after_o the_o water_n have_v be_v freeze_v all_o along_o near_o the_o bank_n either_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o day_n or_o some_o of_o those_o many_o casualty_n that_o may_v perform_v such_o a_o thing_n do_v by_o thaw_v the_o ground_n or_o otherwise_o loosen_v many_o piece_n of_o that_o ice_n together_o with_o the_o earth_n stone_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o adhere_v to_o from_o the_o more_o stable_a part_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o these_o heavy_a body_n do_v by_o their_o weight_n carry_v down_o with_o they_o the_o ice_n they_o be_v fasten_v to_o but_o then_o the_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n be_v warm_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o air_n in_o frosty_a weather_n since_o that_o even_o common_a water_n be_v so_o we_o have_v ice_n manifest_v by_o experience_n where_o we_o show_v how_o much_o soon_o ice_o will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n then_o thaw_v in_o air_n the_o disperse_a ice_n be_v by_o degree_n so_o wrought_v upon_o that_o those_o part_n by_o which_o it_o hold_v to_o the_o stone_n earth_n or_o other_o heavy_a body_n be_v resolve_v the_o remain_a ice_n be_v much_o light_a bulk_n for_o bulk_n than_o water_n get_v loose_a and_o straightway_o emerge_n and_o may_v perhaps_o carry_v up_o with_o it_o divers_a stone_n and_o clod_n of_o earth_n that_o may_v yet_o happen_v to_o stick_v to_o it_o or_o be_v enclose_v in_o it_o the_o sight_n of_o which_o persuade_v the_o waterman_n that_o the_o flake_n of_o ice_n be_v generate_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o 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themselves_o again_o and_o fly_v about_o amaze_o for_o a_o while_n but_o not_o long_o survive_v so_o great_a and_o sudden_a a_o change_n i_o have_v in_o another_o treatise_n already_o say_v somewhat_o about_o this_o tradition_n and_o therefore_o shall_v now_o say_v no_o more_o of_o it_o than_o these_o two_o thing_n first_o that_o i_o since_o be_v assure_v by_o a_o person_n of_o honour_n that_o be_v very_o curious_a and_o be_v command_v by_o a_o many_o way_n great_a prince_n to_o inquire_v out_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o when_o he_o be_v in_o some_o of_o those_o country_n where_o the_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v familiar_a enough_o and_o that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o sober_a person_n he_o can_v ask_v affirm_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a but_o second_o have_v late_o inquire_v about_o this_o matter_n of_o a_o know_a person_n of_o quality_n that_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v in_o poland_n he_o answer_v i_o that_o in_o the_o part_n where_o he_o live_v it_o be_v a_o very_a general_n and_o 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several_a time_n see_v piece_n of_o timber_n which_o have_v be_v thorough_o freeze_v in_o the_o air_n do_v when_o bring_v into_o room_n make_v warm_a by_o stove_n become_v cover_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o hoar_a frost_n and_o make_v they_o look_v white_a and_o that_o though_o his_o bow_n which_o he_o show_v i_o be_v very_o strong_a and_o tough_a as_o be_v make_v not_o of_o wood_n but_o horn_n and_o other_o close_a material_n it_o will_v be_v so_o change_v by_o the_o frost_n that_o unless_o special_a care_n be_v have_v in_o the_o thaw_v of_o it_o it_o will_v break_v that_o marle_n and_o chalk_n and_o other_o less_o solid_a terrestrial_a concretion_n will_v be_v shatter_v by_o strong_a and_o durable_a frost_n be_v observe_v by_o husbandman_n who_o thereby_o find_v it_o the_o better_o fit_v to_o manure_v their_o land_n the_o texture_n of_o those_o body_n during_o who_o entireness_n the_o part_n most_o proper_a to_o feed_v grass_n and_o corn_n be_v more_o lock_v up_o be_v by_o congelation_n 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many_o sharp_a winter_n unimpaired_a it_o seem_v to_o i_o worth_n try_v whether_o during_o their_o insolation_n if_o that_o term_n may_v be_v allow_v i_o there_o do_v not_o by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o air_n upon_o they_o exhale_v a_o certain_a unripe_a mineral_n sap_n or_o moisture_n who_o recess_n may_v perhaps_o be_v discover_v by_o weight_n which_o if_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o stone_n may_v by_o very_a pierce_a frost_n be_v congeal_v almost_o like_o the_o sap_n in_o timber-tree_n and_o shatter_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o stone_n which_o agree_v well_o with_o what_o be_v tell_v i_o by_o a_o understand_a person_n that_o be_v master_n of_o a_o great_a glass-house_n of_o who_o have_v purposely_o inquire_v whether_o he_o do_v
pottinger_n that_o contain_v the_o cold_a liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o ten_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o water_n heat_v and_o cool_v again_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ¾_n past_o ten_o and_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o hot_a water_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n after_o eleven_o and_o somewhat_o better_a so_o that_o though_o all_o freeze_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o two_o hour_n yet_o the_o cold_a water_n begin_v this_o time_n to_o freeze_v a_o hour_n and_o a_o ¼_n soon_o than_o the_o hot_a these_o pottinger_n be_v earthen_a but_o i_o elsewhere_o make_v the_o trial_n in_o other_o of_o metal_n and_o there_o also_o the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v both_o before_o that_o which_o have_v be_v heat_v and_o cool_v again_o and_o long_o before_o the_o hot_a another_o time_n i_o measure_v out_o the_o water_n by_o spoonful_n into_o pottinger_n not_o have_v then_o by_o i_o any_o fit_a scale_n to_o weigh_v it_o to_o be_v the_o more_o sure_a that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v considerable_o unequal_a and_o then_o also_o the_o cold_a water_n freeze_v a_o considerable_a while_n before_o the_o hot_a but_o my_o usual_a jealousy_n in_o the_o make_n nice_a experiment_n tempt_v i_o to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o water_n in_o some_o of_o the_o former_a trial_n have_v not_o be_v heat_v in_o a_o stone_n bottle_n not_o a_o skillet_n it_o be_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o but_o that_o the_o bottle_n use_v to_o contain_v nothing_o but_o beer_n and_o have_v be_v wash_v beforehand_o and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o bottle_n can_v have_v any_o considerable_a influence_n on_o the_o experiment_n yet_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v suspect_v that_o the_o scald_a water_n mighr_fw-mi have_v imbibe_v some_o spirituous_a part_n remain_v yet_o among_o the_o minute_n dregs_o of_o beer_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o bottle_n for_o the_o great_a security_n i_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o be_v heat_v in_o a_o skillet_n and_o because_o in_o 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access_n to_o the_o air_n be_v that_o which_o destroy_v fish_n in_o freeze_a pond_n i_o think_v upon_o this_o epedient_a i_o procure_v a_o glass_n vessel_n with_o a_o large_a belly_n and_o a_o long_a neck_n but_o so_o slender_a that_o it_o be_v only_o wide_a enough_o for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o fish_n to_o pass_v through_o and_o then_o have_v fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o some_o live_v gudgeon_n and_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o water_n the_o neck_n of_o it_o be_v make_v to_o pass_v through_o a_o hole_n that_o be_v leave_v or_o make_v for_o it_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o metalline_a plate_n or_o wooden_a trencher_n which_o can_v descend_v no_o low_a than_o the_o neck_n because_o of_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o will_v not_o suffer_v it_o and_o which_o serve_v to_o support_v a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v apply_v round_o about_o the_o extant_a neck_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o this_o contrivance_n i_o propose_v to_o myself_o a_o 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shall_v have_v make_v more_o trial_n at_o least_o if_o not_o also_o more_o satisfactory_a one_o if_o i_o can_v have_v have_v fish_n and_o vessel_n and_o cold_a weather_n at_o command_n but_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n though_o the_o tradition_n we_o have_v be_v examine_v may_v perhaps_o have_v some_o thing_n of_o truth_n in_o it_o yet_o it_o seem_v to_o deserve_v to_o be_v further_o inquire_v into_o both_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o death_n of_o fish_n in_o freeze_a pond_n and_o river_n and_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o cause_n whereto_o that_o effect_n be_v impute_v i_o meet_v with_o a_o odd_a passage_n in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v circumstantial_o enough_o set_v down_o may_v prove_v of_o moment_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a and_o therefore_o though_o i_o will_v not_o build_v any_o thing_n on_o it_o yet_o i_o shall_v not_o omit_v it_o the_o 82._o nine_o say_v he_o we_o hoist_v out_o our_o beer_n and_o cydar_n and_o make_v a_o raft_n of_o it_o fasten_v it_o to_o our_o shore-anchor_n the_o beer_n and_o cydar_n sink_v present_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v nothing_o strange_a to_o we_o for_o that_o any_o wood_n or_o pipe-stave_n that_o have_v lie_v under_o the_o ice_n all_o winter_n will_v also_o sink_v down_o so_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v heave_v over_o board_n about_o the_o duration_n of_o ice_n i_o forget_v through_o haste_n to_o add_v a_o relation_n of_o capt._n james_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o though_o wine_n abound_v with_o very_o spirituous_a and_o nimble_a part_n whence_o it_o resist_v congelation_n far_o more_o than_o water_n yet_o if_o even_o this_o liquor_n come_v once_o to_o be_v congeal_v the_o ice_n make_v of_o it_o may_v be_v very_o durable_a for_o he_o set_v down_o in_o his_o journal_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o his_o ship_n again_o he_o find_v a_o but_o of_o wine_n that_o have_v be_v all_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o upper_a deck_n to_o continue_v as_o yet_o all_o firm_a freeze_a though_o 47._o it_o be_v then_o the_o month_n of_o may._n when_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o great_a proportion_n in_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v aground_o instead_o of_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n mention_v by_o gerard_n de_fw-fr veer_v to_o be_v 52._o fathom_n deep_a the_o passage_n that_o be_v to_o be_v transcribe_v be_v this_o other_o hard_a by_o which_o contain_v two_o example_n of_o tower_n of_o ice_n where_o the_o extant_a part_n reach_v upward_o more_o than_o half_a as_o much_o as_o the_o immersed_a part_n reach_v downward_o we_o see_v say_v he_o another_o 487_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n not_o far_o from_o we_o lie_v fast_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v as_o sharp_a above_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o tower_n whereunto_o we_o row_v and_o cast_v out_o our_o lead_n we_o find_v that_o it_o lay_v 20._o fathom_n fast_o on_o the_o ground_n under_o the_o water_n and_o 12._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n we_o row_v to_o another_o piece_n of_o ice_n and_o cast_v out_o our_o lead_n and_o find_v that_o it_o lay_v 18._o fathom_n deep_a fast_o on_o the_o ground_n under_o the_o water_n and_o 10._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n that_o snow_n lie_v long_o and_o too_o long_o on_o the_o ground_n do_v much_o conduce_v to_o the_o fertilize_n of_o it_o be_v a_o common_a observation_n of_o our_o husbandman_n and_o bartholinus_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o use_n of_o snow_n bring_v several_a passage_n out_o of_o author_n to_o make_v it_o good_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o learned_a english_a ambassador_n dr._n fletcher_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o hasty_a growth_n of_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o great_a empire_n of_o russia_n give_v this_o account_n of_o it_o this_o fresh_a and_o speedy_a growth_n of_o the_o 415._o spring_n there_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o snow_n which_o all_o the_o winter_n time_n be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o a_o white_a robe_n and_o keep_v it_o warm_a from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o frost_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n wax_v warm_a and_o dissolve_v it_o into_o water_n do_v so_o thorough_o drench_v and_o soak_v the_o ground_n that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o slight_a and_o sandymold_n and_o then_o shine_v so_o hot_o upon_o it_o again_o that_o it_o draw_v the_o herb_n and_o plant_n forth_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n as_o we_o make_v some_o trial_n to_o discover_v whether_o congelation_n will_v destroy_v or_o considerable_o alter_v the_o odour_n of_o body_n so_o we_o have_v the_o like_a curiosity_n in_o reference_n to_o divers_a other_o quality_n not_o only_o those_o that_o be_v repute_v manifest_a as_o colour_n and_o taste_v the_o latter_a of_o which_o we_o sometime_o find_v to_o be_v notable_o change_v for_o the_o worse_a in_o flesh_n congeal_v but_o also_o those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v occult_a and_o among_o the_o quality_n of_o this_o sort_n i_o have_v particular_o a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o purge_a faculty_n of_o cathartic_o will_v be_v advance_v or_o impair_v or_o destroy_v by_o congelation_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n i_o cause_v to_o be_v expose_v thereunto_o divers_a purge_v liquor_n some_o of_o a_o more_o benign_a and_o some_o of_o a_o brisk_a nature_n and_o that_o in_o differ_v form_n as_o of_o syrup_n decoction_n infusion_n etc._n etc._n but_o for_o want_v of_o opportunity_n to_o try_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n what_o change_v the_o cold_a have_v make_v in_o the_o purge_a liquor_n it_o have_v congeal_v i_o be_v unable_a to_o give_v myself_o a_o account_n of_o the_o success_n of_o such_o experiment_n only_o since_o in_o some_o of_o these_o trial_n i_o have_v a_o care_n to_o make_v use_n of_o cathartick_a liquor_n prepare_v by_o fermentation_n which_o way_n of_o prepare_v they_o be_v itself_o a_o thing_n i_o elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o not_o unworthy_a to_o be_v prosecute_v i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o fermentation_n be_v so_o noble_a and_o important_a a_o subject_n that_o the_o influence_n of_o cold_a upon_o it_o may_v deserve_v a_o particular_a inquiry_n and_o i_o be_o invite_v to_o think_v that_o that_o influence_n may_v be_v very_o considerable_a partly_o by_o my_o have_v observe_v upon_o a_o trial_n purposely_o make_v both_o that_o raisin_n and_o water_n with_o which_o i_o be_v use_v to_o make_v artificial_a wine_n do_v not_o in_o many_o day_n while_o the_o weather_n be_v very_o frosty_a so_o much_o as_o manifest_o begin_v to_o ferment_n though_o the_o water_n be_v keep_v fluid_a and_o partly_o by_o my_o have_v observe_v that_o beer_n will_v continue_v as_o it_o be_v new_a and_o be_v keep_v from_o be_v as_o they_o call_v it_o ready_a to_o drink_v much_o long_a than_o one_o will_v ready_o suspect_v if_o very_o frosty_a weather_n supervene_v before_o it_o have_v quite_o finish_v its_o fermentation_n insomuch_o that_o a_o experience_a person_n of_o who_o i_o afterward_o inquire_v about_o this_o matter_n assure_v i_o that_o beer_n not_o due_o ripe_a will_v not_o sometime_o in_o five_o or_o six_o week_n of_o very_o frosty_a weather_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v as_o ripe_a as_o in_o one_o week_n of_o warm_a and_o friendly_a weather_n but_o we_o have_v a_o noble_a instance_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n if_o that_o be_v true_a which_o i_o learn_v from_o a_o intelligent_a frenchman_n who_o i_o consult_v about_o this_o matter_n for_o according_a to_o this_o experience_a person_n the_o way_n to_o keep_v wine_n in_o the_o must_v in_o which_o state_n its_o sweetness_n make_v it_o desire_v by_o many_o be_v to_o take_v new_o express_v juice_n of_o grape_n and_o have_v turn_v it_o up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o work_v to_o let_v down_o the_o vessel_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o careful_o close_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o deep_a well_o or_o river_n for_o six_o or_o eight_o week_n during_o which_o time_n the_o liquor_n will_v be_v so_o well_o settle_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v in_o the_o constitution_n it_o have_v so_o long_o obtain_v that_o afterward_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v in_o almost_o the_o same_o state_n and_o for_o divers_a month_n continue_v a_o sweet_a and_o not_o yet_o ferment_v liquor_n which_o some_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o french_a and_o latin_n call_v in_o one_o word_n must._n and_o how_o by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a well_o apply_v some_o other_o juice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o work_v early_o and_o to_o be_v thereby_o soon_o spoil_v may_v be_v long_o keep_v from_o work_v the_o reader_n may_v perchance_o learn_v in_o
another_o treatise_n to_o which_o such_o matter_n more_o proper_o belong_v it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o school_n define_v cold_a by_o the_o property_n they_o ascribe_v to_o it_o of_o congregate_a both_o heterogeneous_a and_o homogeneous_a thing_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o attempt_v the_o make_v some_o separation_n in_o body_n by_o the_o force_n of_o cold._a for_o if_o that_o hold_v true_a in_o this_o climate_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o traveller_n and_o navigator_n in_o northern_a region_n that_o man_n may_v obtain_v from_o beer_n and_o wine_n a_o very_a strong_a spirit_n and_o a_o phlegm_n by_o congelation_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a other_o liquor_n the_o waterish_a part_n will_v begin_v to_o freeze_v before_o the_o more_o spirituous_a and_o saline_a and_o if_o so_o we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v divers_a separation_n as_o well_o by_o cold_a as_o by_o heat_n and_o dephlegme_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v some_o liquor_n as_o well_o by_o congelation_n as_o by_o distillation_n but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o ordinary_a frost_n of_o this_o country_n can_v produce_v a_o degree_n of_o cold_a great_a enough_o to_o make_v such_o division_n and_o separation_n in_o body_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o more_o northern_a climate_n for_o though_o have_v purposely_o hang_v out_o a_o glass-bottle_n with_o a_o quart_n of_o beer_n in_o it_o in_o a_o extraordinary_o sharp_a night_n i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o much_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o beer_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n there_o remain_v somewhat_o near_o the_o middle_n but_o near_o the_o bottom_n a_o uncongealed_a liquor_n which_o to_o i_o and_o other_o seem_v strong_a than_o the_o beer_n and_o be_v at_o least_o manifest_o strong_a than_o the_o thaw_a ice_n which_o make_v but_o a_o spiritless_a and_o as_o it_o be_v but_o a_o dead_a drink_n yet_o in_o some_o other_o trial_n my_o success_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o some_o will_v have_v expect_v for_o have_v put_v one_o part_n of_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o about_o five_o or_o six_o part_n if_o i_o misremember_v not_o of_o common_a water_n and_o have_v put_v they_o into_o a_o round_a glass_n and_o place_v that_o in_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n though_o the_o mixture_n be_v in_o great_a part_n turn_v into_o ice_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o even_o two_o liquor_n so_o slight_o mingle_v be_v any_o thing_n accurate_o sever_v from_o one_o another_o although_o once_o to_o enable_v myself_o the_o better_a to_o judge_v of_o it_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o employ_v be_v beforehand_o deep_o tinct_a with_o cochinele_n and_o therefore_o i_o the_o less_o wonder_n that_o in_o claret_n wine_n i_o can_v not_o make_v any_o exact_a separation_n of_o the_o red_a and_o the_o colourless_a part_n however_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o try_v how_o far_o in_o some_o other_o liquor_n this_o way_n of_o separate_v the_o waterish_a and_o more_o easy_o congealable_a part_n from_o the_o rest_n will_v or_o will_v not_o succeed_v and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o large_a glass_n vessel_n wherein_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a a_o considerable_a part_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n who_o swim_v argue_v it_o to_o be_v light_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o though_o i_o put_v some_o of_o this_o ice_n in_o a_o glass_n by_o itself_o to_o examine_v by_o its_o weight_n and_o taste_n when_o thaw_v how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o uncongealed_a part_n of_o the_o spirit_n my_o hope_n be_v disappoint_v by_o a_o misfortune_n which_o be_v not_o repair_v by_o my_o expose_v afterward_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n to_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n for_o that_o prove_v so_o cold_a that_o the_o whole_a be_v turn_v into_o ice_n wherefore_o i_o must_v reserve_v for_o another_o opportunity_n the_o prosecute_a that_o experiment_n as_o also_o the_o try_v whether_o a_o separation_n of_o the_o serous_a or_o the_o oleaginous_a part_n of_o milk_n may_v be_v effect_v for_o though_o once_o the_o frost_n seem_v to_o have_v promote_v a_o separation_n of_o creme_a notwithstanding_o that_o heat_n also_o may_v do_v it_o and_o though_o another_o time_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o divulsion_n of_o part_n make_v by_o congelation_n yet_o for_o want_v of_o leisure_n to_o prosecute_v such_o trial_n they_o prove_v not_o satisfactory_a no_o more_o than_o do_v some_o attempt_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o i_o make_v upon_o blood_n by_o freeze_a it_o but_o notwithstanding_o these_o discouragement_n i_o resolve_v to_o try_v what_o i_o can_v do_v upon_o brine_n for_o call_v to_o mind_n the_o relation_n mention_v in_o the_o xv._n title_n and_o elsewhere_o which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o ice_n of_o the_o sea-water_n may_v be_v thaw_v yield_v fresh_a water_n and_o be_v the_o more_o incline_v to_o think_v it_o worth_a trial_n by_o a_o physician_n i_o since_o happen_v to_o discourse_v with_o about_o this_o matter_n who_o affirm_v to_o i_o that_o sail_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n he_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n ice_n that_o be_v thaw_v he_o find_v to_o afford_v good_a fresh_a water_n i_o begin_v to_o consider_v whether_o we_o may_v not_o by_o cold_a free_a salt_n water_n at_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o phlegm_n which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o cost_v much_o to_o free_v they_o from_o by_o fire_n and_o other_o mean_n for_o a_o little_a help_n towards_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o so_o useful_a a_o experiment_n by_o many_o that_o boil_v salt_n out_o of_o the_o salt_n spring_v that_o in_o some_o country_n that_o be_v think_v the_o skilful_a in_o that_o trade_n they_o make_v their_o salt-water_n fall_v upon_o great_a bundle_n of_o small_a brush-wood_n that_o be_v thereby_o divide_v and_o reduce_v to_o a_o far_o great_a superficies_n there_o may_v in_o fall_v through_o some_o of_o the_o pure_o aqueous_a part_n exhale_v away_o wherefore_o dissolve_v one_o part_n of_o common_a salt_n in_o 44._o time_n its_o weight_n of_o common_a water_n that_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v either_o exact_o or_o near_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o have_v be_v by_o several_a writer_n observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o our_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o have_v likewise_o cause_v another_o and_o much_o strong_a brine_n to_o be_v make_v by_o put_v in_o to_o the_o water_n a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o salt_n for_o so_o there_o be_v in_o many_o of_o our_o salt_n spring_v we_o expose_v these_o several_a solution_n to_o the_o congeal_a cold_a of_o the_o air_n in_o frosty_a weather_n where_o the_o last_o mention_v solution_n be_v too_o strong_o impregnate_v with_o the_o salt_n continue_v some_o day_n and_o night_n altogether_o uncongeal_v but_o that_o weak_a solution_n which_o emulate_v sea_n water_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o shallow_a and_o wide_o mouth_v vessel_n that_o shape_n be_v judge_v the_o most_o proper_a we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o design_n the_o large_a superficies_n that_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n do_v as_o we_o expect_v afford_v we_o a_o cake_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n expose_v again_o to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o same_o vessel_n we_o obtain_v a_o second_o cake_n of_o ice_n and_o take_v the_o remain_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v indispose_v enough_o to_o congelation_n we_o find_v that_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o that_o which_o be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o first_o cake_n of_o ice_n permit_v to_o thaw_v there_o appear_v a_o very_a manifest_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o water_n whereinto_o the_o ice_n be_v resolve_v scarce_o taste_v so_o much_o as_o brackish_a whereas_o the_o liquor_n that_o have_v continue_v uncongeal_v be_v considerable_o salt_n in_o taste_n and_o if_o i_o have_v have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o examine_v myself_o these_o two_o liquor_n hydrostatical_o as_o i_o be_v fain_o to_o have_v they_o examine_v by_o another_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o by_o their_o weight_n i_o shall_v have_v discover_v precise_o enough_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o which_o the_o person_n i_o employ_v find_v to_o be_v considerable_a and_o consequent_o shall_v have_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v be_v afford_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a towards_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o brine_n from_o its_o superfluous_a water_n but_o though_o i_o have_v not_o a_o quantity_n of_o ice_n great_a enough_o to_o satisfy_v i_o whether_o that_o little_a brackishness_n of_o taste_n i_o have_v mention_v proceed_v from_o some_o saline_a corpuscle_n that_o concur_v to_o the_o constitute_n of_o the_o ice_n itself_o or_o do_v only_o adhere_v
to_o find_v they_o every_o time_n the_o same_o that_o he_o have_v find_v they_o once_o and_o to_o intimate_v that_o by_o the_o by_o to_o make_v several_a trial_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o thereby_o produce_v variety_n of_o figure_n it_o be_v not_o a_o ill_a expedient_a to_o expose_v the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v in_o very_o shallow_a vessel_n or_o if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o other_o vessle_n to_o leave_v it_o but_o of_o very_o little_a depth_n and_o if_o the_o vessel_n itself_o be_v high_o refrigerated_a either_o by_o the_o cold_a air_n or_o by_o have_v salt_n and_o ice_n apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o the_o congelation_n may_v succeed_v much_o the_o more_o nimble_o so_o that_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o same_o liquor_n be_v divers_a time_n thaw_v and_o freeze_v again_o may_v possible_o exhibit_v variety_n of_o figure_n and_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n may_v be_v also_o much_o accelerate_a by_o dip_v into_o the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v the_o convex_a surface_n of_o some_o glass_n or_o other_o smooth_a body_n that_o will_v not_o imbibe_n water_n for_o thereby_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v exceed_o extenuate_v and_o how_o much_o such_o a_o thinness_n or_o want_n of_o depth_n may_v dispose_v a_o liquor_n to_o be_v speedy_o penetrate_v and_o congeal_v by_o the_o cold_a may_v be_v guess_v by_o what_o be_v above_o deliver_v in_o the_o section_n out_o of_o olearius_n of_o the_o way_n of_o multiply_a ice_n in_o persia_n by_o make_v water_n thin_o diffuse_v itself_o over_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n or_o some_o other_o apt_o figure_v and_o very_o cold_a body_n in_o confirmation_n whereof_o i_o will_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o pair_n of_o stair_n on_o which_o though_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o to_o three_o chimney_n common_o furnish_v with_o fire_n almost_o all_o the_o day_n long_o the_o water_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o wash_v they_o be_v thin_o spread_v with_o a_o mop_n will_v present_o congeal_v though_o they_o assure_v i_o it_o be_v hot_a when_o it_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v lay_v 〈◊〉_d and_o cover_v the_o stair_n with_o glossy_a film_n of_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v likewise_o observe_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n that_o the_o water_n which_o drop_v down_o from_o the_o nose_n of_o a_o pump_n be_v so_o well_o congeal_v as_o it_o be_v slide_n away_o that_o the_o ice_n thus_o arrest_v in_o its_o passage_n in_o which_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o it_o spread_v itself_o very_o thin_o have_v raise_v a_o kind_n of_o icy_a pyramid_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n and_o height_n i_o forget_v to_o mention_v in_o due_a place_n and_o therefore_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o here_o that_o when_o i_o be_v consider_v of_o the_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v manifest_v to_o those_o that_o want_v nice_a 〈◊〉_d or_o distrust_v their_o skill_n to_o use_v they_o whence_o that_o ice_n come_v that_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o freeze_a egg_n put_v to_o thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n i_o find_v it_o somewhat_o difficult_a to_o pitch_v upon_o such_o a_o liquor_n as_o i_o desire_v for_o if_o common_a water_n be_v the_o liquor_n employ_v it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o it_o afford_v the_o matter_n whereof_o the_o ice_n in_o question_n be_v make_v and_o if_o i_o employ_v liquor_n that_o be_v spirituous_a or_o saline_a it_o may_v be_v pretend_v that_o the_o frost_n as_o they_o speak_v do_v indeed_o come_v out_o of_o the_o freeze_a egg_n though_o the_o shell_n do_v not_o appear_v case_v with_o ice_n because_o as_o fast_o as_o the_o frost_n come_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o egg_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o spirituous_a or_o saline_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o liquor_n wherefore_o as_o a_o expedient_a i_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n as_o a_o liquor_n which_o i_o have_v find_v incongealable_a by_o the_o great_a cold_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o climate_n and_o which_o yet_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o three_o paragraph_n of_o the_o xvi_o title_n be_v more_o indispose_v then_o common_a water_n itself_o to_o thaw_v any_o icy_a efflorescence_n that_o may_v be_v emit_v by_o the_o egg._n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v without_o uniformity_n in_o the_o success_n for_o the_o first_o time_n i_o put_v a_o freeze_a egg_n into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n i_o do_v not_o observe_v that_o any_o ice_n be_v produce_v on_o the_o outside_n neither_o be_v the_o event_n differ_v when_o another_o time_n i_o put_v two_o freeze_a egg_n together_o into_o a_o small_a vessel_n full_a of_o that_o oil_n though_o to_o refrigerate_v the_o liquor_n the_o vessel_n be_v for_o a_o while_n place_v upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n and_o ice_n and_o though_o also_o the_o eggshell_n at_o their_o gape_a crack_n produce_v by_o congelation_n discover_v that_o the_o contain_v liquor_n be_v well_o freeze_v i_o intend_v to_o prosecute_v the_o experiment_n another_o time_n want_v ice_n to_o do_v it_o then_o because_o that_o once_o when_o during_o the_o trial_n i_o be_v hinder_v from_o watch_v it_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n who_o i_o order_v to_o look_v after_o it_o assure_v i_o that_o the_o egg_n that_o be_v put_v to_o thaw_v in_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n have_v there_o obtain_v ice_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o which_o i_o shall_v ready_o have_v believe_v upon_o the_o score_n of_o a_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v make_v myself_o in_o two_o egg_n that_o be_v freeze_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o have_v be_v put_v to_o thaw_v be_v it_o not_o that_o one_o or_o both_o of_o they_o have_v be_v by_o a_o mistake_n dip_v in_o water_n before_o they_o be_v put_v into_o the_o above_o mention_v oil_n some_o reader_n may_v have_v expect_v to_o find_v among_o the_o example_n recite_v of_o the_o influence_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o air_n that_o strange_a story_n which_o be_v relate_v by_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o pariacaca_fw-la which_o he_o several_a time_n traverse_v together_o but_o beside_o that_o i_o have_v deliver_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o already_o in_o another_o treatise_n i_o be_v loath_a to_o say_v more_o till_o i_o have_v leisure_n which_o i_o have_v not_o now_o to_o discuss_v the_o scruple_n that_o i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o about_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o about_o the_o cause_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v something_o beside_o cold_a but_o since_o i_o have_v mention_v this_o xviii_o section_n i_o will_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o i_o then_o intend_v but_o forget_v to_o set_v down_o namely_o that_o to_o the_o instance_n allege_v to_o show_v the_o coldness_n of_o region_n not_o to_o be_v always_o proportionate_a to_o their_o great_a and_o less_o vicinity_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o may_v add_v a_o memorable_a one_o afford_v we_o by_o a_o country_n so_o well_o know_v to_o many_o of_o we_o as_o new_a england_n where_o though_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o long_o and_o bitter_a as_o we_o have_v former_o relate_v out_o of_o mr._n woods_n prospect_n of_o that_o country_n which_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o a_o american_n physician_n that_o live_v there_o yet_o that_o region_n which_o be_v so_o very_a much_o cold_a than_o we_o be_v in_o many_o place_n no_o less_o than_o a_o 10._o or_o 11._o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n i_o shall_v add_v to_o the_o same_o xviii_o section_n that_o as_o to_o the_o experiment_n i_o there_o mention_v concern_v wind_n and_o which_o i_o associate_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o new_o name_v mr._n wood_n i_o find_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v vary_v it_o more_o than_o one_o will_v easy_o have_v suspect_v for_o though_o i_o faithful_o recite_v the_o phaenomena_n as_o i_o then_o and_o that_o sometime_o with_o witness_n take_v notice_n of_o they_o yet_o some_o month_n after_o and_o in_o other_o weather_n have_v occasion_n to_o repeat_v the_o former_a part_n of_o that_o experiment_n i_o be_v somewhat_o surprise_v at_o the_o success_n for_o come_v to_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n which_o though_o in_o its_o kind_n very_o tender_a may_v be_v probable_o presume_v to_o be_v less_o so_o than_o a_o thermoscope_n make_v with_o a_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o water_n such_o as_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o forecited_a paragraph_n i_o find_v that_o if_o i_o continue_v to_o blow_v any_o thing_n long_o and_o brisk_o the_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o circumstance_n i_o therefore_o name_n because_o possible_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o may_v somewhat_o alter_v the_o case_n will_v sometime_o manifest_o enough_o subside_o and_o in_o that_o paragraph_n of_o the_o
18._o title_n where_o i_o recite_v the_o experiment_n of_o the_o infrigidating_a wind_n i_o shall_v more_o express_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o this_o circumstance_n that_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a wind_n as_o such_o who_o operation_n upon_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n make_v the_o liquor_n to_o ascend_v we_o put_v a_o mark_n upon_o the_o height_n it_o stand_v at_o when_o we_o have_v a_o pretty_a while_n blow_v upon_o it_o and_o then_o without_o remove_v the_o bellows_o put_v ice_n and_o salt_n about_o the_o iron_n pipe_n of_o it_o by_o which_o mixture_n the_o air_n that_o be_v afterward_o blow_v through_o that_o pipe_n be_v so_o cool_v in_o its_o passage_n as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n very_o manifest_o to_o ascend_v even_o in_o a_o weatherglass_n where_o i_o do_v employ_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o declare_v that_o i_o often_o do_v quicksilver_n instead_o of_o water_n or_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o lest_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n shall_v be_v suspect_v to_o have_v cause_v this_o contraction_n of_o the_o include_v air_n we_o do_v sometime_o purposely_o intermit_v the_o move_n of_o the_o bellows_o without_o remove_v the_o weatherglass_n and_o though_o notwithstanding_o that_o vicinity_n the_o liquor_n will_v begin_v a_o little_a to_o subside_o yet_o when_o ever_o the_o cold_a spirit_n or_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o high_o refrigerated_a air_n be_v by_o the_o play_v of_o the_o bellows_o anew_o approach_v to_o or_o rather_o bring_v to_o touch_v in_o swarm_n the_o globular_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n the_o mercury_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v and_o since_o we_o be_v speak_v of_o weather-glass_n i_o shall_v on_o this_o occasion_n subjoin_v that_o certain_a circumstance_n may_v also_o vary_v the_o success_n of_o another_o experiment_n somewhat_o of_o kin_n to_o that_o late_o repeat_v about_o the_o pendulous_a drop_n which_o be_v brief_o mention_v not_o far_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o praeliminary_n discourse_n for_o though_o the_o common_a thermometer_n that_o be_v here_o wont_a to_o be_v sell_v in_o shop_n have_v usual_o the_o pipe_n of_o the_o bolthead_n very_o large_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o ball_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o that_o place_n say_v to_o be_v weather-glass_n not_o nice_a and_o though_o on_o such_o instrument_n in_o certain_a temperature_n of_o the_o air_n intimate_v by_o the_o word_n sometime_o employ_v in_o that_o passage_n the_o air_n blow_v out_o of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o against_o some_o part_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v not_o especial_o at_o the_o beginning_n make_v the_o air_n sensible_o contract_v itself_o and_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v though_o at_o the_o very_a first_o and_o second_o blast_n the_o coldness_n of_o this_o artificial_a wind_n may_v be_v very_o sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n intend_v to_o be_v teach_v in_o that_o passage_n yet_o have_v the_o curiosity_n with_o other_o bellows_o at_o another_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o blow_v long_o upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o not_o common_a but_o nice_a weatherglass_n of_o my_o own_o make_n furnish_v with_o a_o pipe_n that_o be_v very_o slender_a i_o divers_a time_n but_o not_o always_o find_v the_o tinct_a liquor_n manifest_o enough_o to_o ascend_v as_o if_o the_o wind_n consist_v of_o a_o more_o compress_v air_n do_v by_o contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o cold_a particle_n in_o the_o same_o room_n more_o affect_v the_o internal_a air_n than_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o calm_a and_o lax_v outward_a air_n do_v before_o which_o disparity_n of_o event_n have_v give_v i_o the_o design_n of_o make_v further_a trial_n with_o differ_v thermoscope_n at_o other_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o see_v if_o i_o can_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o some_o certainty_n by_o discover_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o contingency_n in_o which_o i_o afterward_o suspect_v that_o some_o light_a degree_n of_o warmth_n or_o coolness_n in_o the_o bellows_o themselves_o which_o as_o be_v unmanife_a to_o the_o sense_n escape_v unheeded_a may_v have_v a_o interest_n when_o i_o be_v about_o some_o of_o the_o former_a experiment_n i_o will_v willing_o have_v have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o try_v with_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v betwixt_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n in_o place_n where_o the_o air_n be_v keep_v calm_a by_o be_v shelter_v from_o the_o wind_n not_o by_o inhabit_a building_n but_o by_o some_o wall_n or_o other_o body_n whence_o any_o warm_a effluvium_n be_v least_o to_o be_v expect_v and_o betwixt_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o same_o air_n in_o place_n where_o cold_a wind_n especial_o northerly_a or_o easterly_a do_v free_o and_o strong_o blow_v but_o my_o occasion_n then_o confine_v i_o to_o a_o town_n i_o have_v not_o conveniency_n to_o make_v any_o secure_a observation_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o even_o in_o a_o more_o commodious_a place_n unless_o it_o be_v determine_v whether_o there_o be_v corpuscle_n proper_o and_o constant_o frigorifick_a upon_o who_o account_n some_o wind_n be_v so_o much_o cold_a than_o other_o there_o may_v arise_v more_o scruple_n about_o this_o matter_n than_o i_o must_v now_o stay_v to_o discuss_v there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o that_o it_o may_v be_v be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o mention_v before_o i_o take_v leave_n of_o the_o xviii_o title_n for_o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v there_o deliver_v concern_v the_o vicissitude_n of_o these_o troublesome_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o heat_n within_o the_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o same_o natural_a day_n complain_v of_o by_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n and_o by_o olearius_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v since_o have_v opportunity_n to_o inquire_v about_o such_o matter_n of_o a_o learned_a physician_n late_o come_v from_o the_o indies_n he_o assure_v i_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o violent_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n he_o usual_o observe_v the_o night_n to_o be_v so_o very_o cold_a that_o he_o be_v persuade_v some_o positive_o frigorifick_a steam_n do_v in_o the_o night_n ascend_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v it_o very_o expedient_a if_o not_o necessary_a for_o those_o english_a that_o live_v in_o the_o warm_a part_n of_o america_n to_o imitate_v the_o native_n in_o keep_v fire_n under_o their_o hammack_n or_o hang_v bed_n i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v a_o luciferous_a experiment_n in_o relation_n to_o a_o hypothesis_n that_o may_v be_v propose_v about_o cold_a to_o try_v whether_o if_o two_o such_o liquor_n be_v provide_v as_o by_o be_v mix_v together_o will_v so_o far_o forth_o lose_v their_o fluidity_n as_o to_o obtain_v at_o least_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o unguent_n this_o impediment_n put_v to_o the_o former_a confuse_a and_o great_a agitation_n of_o their_o part_n will_v produce_v any_o sensible_a degree_n of_o cold_a this_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o try_v by_o immerse_v for_o a_o competent_a time_n the_o ball_n of_o a_o tender_a seal_a weatherglass_n into_o each_o of_o the_o liquor_n apart_o and_o then_o into_o the_o soft_a mixture_n their_o coalition_n will_v compose_v to_o produce_v such_o a_o mixture_n more_o way_n than_o one_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a for_o i_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o experiment_n i_o have_v provide_v to_o add_v to_o my_o history_n of_o fluidity_n and_o sirmness_n but_o though_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o minium_n or_o calcine_v lead_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n or_o a_o very_a strong_a infusion_n of_o good_a quicklime_n in_o water_n will_v either_o of_o they_o and_o one_o of_o they_o i_o do_v make_v use_n of_o though_o i_o have_v forget_v which_o coagulate_v a_o just_a proportion_n of_o good_a salad_n oil_n to_o name_n no_o other_o make_v by_o expression_n into_o such_o a_o consistence_n as_o i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o yet_o for_o want_v of_o a_o seal_a thermoscope_n tender_a enough_o i_o can_v now_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n and_o till_o i_o do_v i_o dare_v not_o draw_v any_o conclusion_n from_o it_o though_o if_o i_o much_o misremember_v not_o when_o i_o show_v it_o a_o ingenious_a person_n neither_o he_o nor_o i_o can_v perceive_v that_o the_o liquor_n by_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o fluidity_n have_v acquire_v any_o thing_n of_o coldness_n discoverable_a by_o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n it_o be_v much_o controvert_v among_o the_o curious_a whether_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o compression_n and_o divers_a have_v of_o late_o incline_v to_o the_o negative_a upon_o observe_v a_o want_n of_o cogency_n in_o the_o experiment_n that_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o evince_v the_o affirmative_a what_o trial_n and_o observation_n we_o long_o since_o make_v about_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o some_o of_o our_o other_o treatise_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v now_o subjoin_v that_o
and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o candle_n though_o she_o have_v so_o confident_o think_v it_o one_o that_o she_o call_v out_o to_o the_o party_n she_o presume_v it_o to_o be_v carry_v by_o i_o will_v leave_v themistius_n to_o unriddle_v how_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n can_v kindle_v a_o fiery_a meteor_n by_o its_o coldness_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n congeal_v the_o fall_a drop_n of_o water_n into_o ice_n by_o its_o warmth_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o other_o observation_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n have_v be_v often_o make_v though_o perhaps_o seldom_o record_v for_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o very_a few_o week_n of_o the_o storm_n some_o servant_n of_o i_o affirm_v themselves_o to_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o hail_v two_o or_o three_o time_n beside_o that_o already_o mention_v 27._o next_o if_o aristotle_n have_v right_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o hail_n it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a it_o shall_v not_o fall_v far_o more_o frequent_o in_o summer_n and_o especial_o in_o hot_a climate_n than_o it_o do_v consider_v how_o often_o in_o all_o probability_n the_o drop_n of_o rain_n fall_v cold_a out_o of_o the_o second_o region_n into_o the_o warm_a air_n of_o the_o first_o and_o more_o strange_a it_o be_v that_o even_o in_o those_o part_n of_o egypt_n where_o it_o rain_v frequent_o enough_o and_o plentiful_o for_o so_o prosper_n alpinus_n that_o live_v long_o there_o assure_v we_o it_o do_v though_o not_o about_o grand_a cairo_n yet_o about_o alexandria_n and_o 〈◊〉_d sium_fw-la it_o shall_v never_o hail_v no_o more_o than_o snow_n as_o the_o same_o learned_a physician_n a_o witness_n above_o exception_n affirm_v beside_o whereas_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o snow_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air_n and_o hail_n always_o in_o the_o low_a my_o own_o observation_n have_v afford_v i_o many_o instance_n that_o seem_v to_o contradict_v the_o tradition_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o great_a grain_n of_o hail_n that_o beside_o a_o hard_a transparent_a icy_a shell_n there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o snowy_a pith_n of_o a_o soft_a and_o white_a substance_n and_o this_o snowy_a part_n be_v most_o common_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o icy_a which_o make_v i_o call_v it_o pith_n but_o sometime_o otherwise_o and_o last_o whereas_o the_o favourer_n of_o antiperistasis_n will_v have_v the_o drop_n of_o rain_n in_o their_o descent_n to_o be_v congeal_v apart_o in_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n not_o to_o urge_v how_o little_a the_o irregular_a and_o angular_a figure_n we_o often_o meet_v with_o in_o hail_n do_v countenance_v this_o doctrine_n hail_o often_o fall_v in_o grain_n too_o great_a by_o odds_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o comply_v with_o aristotle_n conceit_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o grain_n of_o hail_n i_o have_v observe_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o a_o bigness_n unsuitable_a to_o this_o opinion_n divers_a learned_a eye-witness_n have_v inform_v i_o of_o their_o have_v observe_v much_o great_a than_o those_o i_o have_v do_v and_o particular_o a_o eminent_a virtuoso_fw-la of_o unquestionable_a credit_n affirm_v both_o to_o i_o and_o to_o a_o assembly_n of_o virtuoso_n that_o he_o have_v some_o year_n ago_o at_o lion_n in_o france_n observe_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n many_o of_o who_o grain_n be_v as_o big_a as_o ordinary_a tennis-ball_n and_o which_o do_v the_o window_n and_o tile_n a_o mischief_n answerable_a to_o that_o unusual_a bulk_n and_o bartholinus_n affirm_v that_o he_o himself_o observe_v in_o another_o shower_n of_o hail_n grain_n of_o a_o more_o unwonted_a size_n a_o single_a grain_n weigh_v no_o less_o than_o a_o whole_a pound_n but_o though_o this_o itself_o be_v little_a in_o comparison_n of_o what_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v somewhere_o meet_v with_o in_o learned_a author_n yet_o it_o may_v abundant_o suffice_v to_o disprove_v the_o vulgar_a conceit_n about_o the_o generation_n of_o hail_n till_o we_o meet_v in_o these_o country_n with_o shower_n of_o rain_n who_o single_a drop_n prove_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o bigness_n which_o i_o presume_v those_o that_o ascribe_v hail_n to_o antiperistasis_n will_v not_o easy_o show_v we_o 28._o i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o last_o and_o indeed_o the_o chief_a example_n that_o be_v give_v of_o antiperistasis_n namely_o the_o coldness_n of_o cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneal_a vault_n in_o summer_n and_o their_o heat_n in_o winter_n and_o as_o the_o argument_n wont_a to_o be_v draw_v from_o hence_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n i_o will_v examine_v each_o of_o they_o by_o its_o self_n 29._o and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o refresh_a coldness_n that_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v wont_a to_o afford_v we_o in_o summer_n i_o both_o deny_v that_o they_o be_v then_o cold_a than_o in_o winter_n and_o i_o say_v that_o though_o they_o be_v that_o coldness_n will_v not_o necessary_o infer_v a_o antiperistasis_n 30._o we_o must_v consider_v then_o that_o in_o summer_n our_o body_n have_v for_o many_o day_n if_o not_o some_o week_n or_o perhaps_o month_n be_v constant_o environ_v with_o a_o air_n which_o at_o that_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v much_o hot_a then_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v in_o winter_n or_o in_o other_o season_n our_o sense_n may_v easy_o impose_v upon_o we_o and_o we_o may_v be_v much_o mistake_v by_o conclude_v upon_o their_o testimony_n that_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n we_o then_o find_v so_o cool_a be_v real_o cold_a than_o it_o be_v in_o winter_n or_o at_o the_o spring_n as_o they_o that_o come_v out_o of_o hot_a bath_n think_v the_o air_n of_o the_o adjoin_a room_n very_o fresh_a and_o cool_v which_o they_o find_v to_o be_v very_o warm_a when_o come_v out_o of_o the_o open_a air_n they_o go_v through_o those_o warm_a room_n to_o the_o bath_n and_o the_o deepness_n and_o retiredness_n of_o these_o subterraneal_a cave_n keep_v the_o air_n they_o harbour_v from_o be_v any_o thing_n near_o so_o much_o affect_v with_o the_o change_n of_o the_o season_n as_o the_o outward_a air_n that_o be_v free_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n warm_v beam_n which_o pierce_v with_o any_o sensible_a force_n so_o little_a a_o way_n into_o the_o ground_n that_o digger_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o observe_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v dry_v and_o discolour_a by_o they_o beyond_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o very_a few_o foot_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o in_o very_o shallow_a mine_n not_o exceed_v six_o or_o seven_o yard_n in_o depth_n though_o the_o mouth_n be_v wide_a and_o the_o descent_n perpendicular_a enough_o the_o air_n be_v cool_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n so_o that_o the_o free_a air_n and_o our_o body_n that_o be_v always_o immerse_v in_o it_o be_v much_o warm_a in_o summer_n then_o at_o other_o time_n and_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o remoteness_n from_o those_o cause_n of_o alteration_n continue_v still_o the_o same_o or_o but_o very_o little_o change_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n there_o shall_v appear_v a_o 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great_a part_n repress_v or_o check_v in_o their_o ascent_n by_o the_o cold_a frost_n or_o snow_n that_o constipate_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o choke_v up_o its_o pore_n these_o exhalation_n i_o say_v that_o be_v detain_v in_o the_o ground_n will_v temper_v the_o native_a coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o consequent_o that_o of_o spring_n and_o of_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n be_v by_o the_o heat_n that_o reign_v in_o the_o outward_a air_n call_v out_o at_o the_o many_o pore_n and_o chink_n which_o that_o heat_n open_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n of_o deep_a spring_n and_o well_n and_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n be_v deprive_v of_o that_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o allay_v their_o native_a or_o wont_a
cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneal_a cavity_n where_o consequent_o they_o produce_v such_o a_o heat_n as_o to_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o cold_a air_n may_v be_v very_o sensible_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o while_o man_n by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o season_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o careful_a to_o stop_v up_o the_o passage_n at_o which_o the_o external_a air_n may_v get_v in_o they_o do_v though_o designles_o stop_v up_o the_o vent_n at_o which_o the_o subterraneous_a exhalation_n may_v get_v out_o and_o to_o show_v you_o that_o this_o last_o circumstance_n be_v not_o impertinent_o take_v notice_n of_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o a_o very_a grave_a author_n have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v cellar_n relate_v it_o as_o a_o practice_n in_o divers_a house_n of_o a_o town_n where_o he_o have_v be_v to_o keep_v vent_n in_o their_o deep_a cellar_n which_o in_o the_o summer_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n open_v partly_o to_o keep_v the_o place_n sweet_a and_o wholesome_a and_o partly_o to_o let_v out_o the_o warm_a exhalation_n that_o will_v else_o hinder_v their_o liquor_n from_o keep_v so_o fresh_a and_o well_o and_o these_o steam_n be_v affirm_v to_o have_v be_v several_a time_n take_v notice_n of_o to_o ascend_v visible_o into_o the_o free_a air_n like_o a_o smoke_n which_o several_a phaenomena_n and_o particular_o what_o i_o former_o relate_v of_o the_o hot_a fume_n that_o manifest_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o great_a groove_n in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v keep_v we_o from_o think_v incredible_a 40._o and_o now_o by_o what_o i_o have_v hitherto_o discourse_v i_o have_v make_v way_n for_o the_o solution_n of_o a_o phaenomenon_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v much_o urge_v in_o favour_n of_o antiperistasis_n namely_o the_o smoke_a of_o water_n that_o be_v draw_v in_o frosty_a weather_n out_o of_o deep_a well_n and_o spring_n 41._o but_o first_o i_o must_v advertise_v you_o that_o it_o be_v improper_o enough_o that_o some_o urge_v 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be_v the_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n it_o may_v just_o be_v expect_v that_o the_o like_a shall_v happen_v in_o all_o spring_n or_o at_o least_o in_o very_a many_o which_o that_o it_o do_v not_o common_a experience_n show_v we_o and_o i_o will_v say_v that_o this_o may_v be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o spring_n you_o mention_v out_o of_o captain_n james_n voyage_n but_o that_o beside_o that_o he_o do_v not_o say_v 63._o express_o that_o it_o be_v freeze_v in_o july_n but_o only_o that_o then_o it_o afford_v he_o no_o water_n which_o may_v happen_v upon_o divers_a other_o account_n and_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o far_o hot_a country_n where_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o air_n may_v more_o intend_v the_o subterraneal_a cold_a if_o antiperistasis_n can_v do_v it_o there_o be_v no_o talk_n of_o any_o such_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o summer_n as_o to_o freeze_v the_o spring_n beside_o this_o i_o say_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v through_o some_o mistake_n or_o other_o a_o contradiction_n in_o the_o relation_n itself_o since_o in_o the_o same_o voyage_n speak_v of_o the_o same_o month_n of_o december_n he_o express_o say_v that_o their_o well_o be_v then_o freeze_v up_o so_o that_o dig_v 58._o as_o deep_a as_o they_o can_v they_o can_v come_v by_o no_o water_n and_o he_o complain_v on_o that_o occasion_n of_o the_o unwholsomness_n of_o melt_a snow-water_n it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o soon_o after_o mention_n a_o spring_n that_o he_o find_v under_o a_o hill_n side_n which_o 59_o do_v not_o so_o freeze_v but_o that_o he_o can_v break_v the_o ice_n and_o come_v to_o it_o but_o by_o his_o very_a send_v far_o from_o his_o house_n to_o that_o spring_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o consequence_n and_o therefore_o a_o proof_n of_o the_o uselessness_n of_o his_o well_n in_o december_n as_o his_o affirmation_n that_o it_o continue_v all_o the_o year_n so_o as_o to_o be_v serviceable_a when_o the_o ice_n be_v break_v show_n that_o the_o antiperistasis_n do_v not_o freeze_v it_o up_o in_o summer_n and_o have_v clear_v myself_o of_o such_o a_o testimony_n of_o this_o ingenious_a navigator_n as_o will_v appear_v very_o illustrious_a if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o mistake_n about_o it_o i_o shall_v not_o scruple_n to_o add_v that_o the_o late_a publisher_n of_o the_o latin_a description_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n inform_v we_o that_o in_o or_o near_o that_o little_a danish_a island_n 〈◊〉_d wherein_o the_o famous_a tycho_n build_v his_o urani-burgum_a there_o be_v one_o spring_n among_o many_o ordinary_a one_o that_o even_o in_o the_o cold_a winter_n be_v never_o freeze_v which_o subjoin_v my_o author_n do_v in_o these_o region_n exceed_v rare_o happen_v to_o be_v find_v olaus_n magnus_n also_o relate_v 2._o that_o in_o another_o part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n namely_o near_o nidrosia_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o norway_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n that_o even_o in_o that_o northern_a region_n never_o freeze_v and_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n mention_n that_o among_o joseph_n a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o hot_a spring_n accost_n 174._o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o peru_n at_o the_o bath_n which_o they_o call_v the_o bath_n of_o ingua_n there_o be_v a_o course_n of_o water_n which_o come_v forth_o all_o hot_a and_o boil_a and_o join_v unto_o it_o there_o be_v another_o who_o water_n be_v as_o cold_a as_o ice_n he_o add_v that_o the_o ingua_n or_o the_o peruvian_n emperor_n be_v accustom_v to_o temper_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o see_v spring_n of_o so_o contrary_a quality_n so_o near_o one_o to_o another_o these_o relation_n as_o i_o be_v say_v i_o scruple_n not_o to_o mention_v though_o at_o first_o sight_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o disfavour_v my_o cause_n for_o by_o these_o and_o some_o other_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o spring_n may_v obtain_v very_o peculiar_a and_o strange_a quality_n from_o 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that_o they_o be_v oftentimes_o trouble_v and_o sometime_o endanger_v by_o sudden_a damp_n which_o do_v frequent_o so_o stuff_v up_o and_o thicken_v the_o subterraneal_a air_n that_o they_o make_v it_o not_o only_o unfit_a for_o respiration_n but_o able_a to_o extinguish_v the_o lamp_n and_o candle_n that_o the_o miner_n use_v to_o give_v they_o light_n to_o work_v by_o and_o i_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v visit_v mine_n where_o have_v inquire_v of_o the_o digger_n whether_o those_o hot_a exhalation_n that_o compose_v their_o damp_n do_v not_o sometime_o actual_o take_v fire_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o be_v answer_v that_o in_o some_o of_o their_o pit_n and_o particular_o in_o one_o that_o they_o show_v i_o though_o not_o in_o all_o they_o do_v insomuch_o that_o the_o exhalation_n sudden_o kindle_v will_v make_v a_o report_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pit_n like_o a_o musket_n or_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n and_o the_o flame_n will_v actual_o burn_v off_o the_o hair_n and_o scorch_v the_o skin_n of_o 〈◊〉_d workman_n that_o do_v not_o seasonable_o get_v out_o of_o the_o pit_n when_o the_o exhalation_n appear_v to_o be_v near_o a_o ascension_n or_o do_v not_o nimble_o fall_v down_o flat_a with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o flame_n be_v go_v out_o and_o one_o of_o these_o workman_n that_o i_o ask_v affirm_v himself_o to_o have_v be_v several_a time_n to_o he_o no_o small_a trouble_n so_o burn_v and_o that_o if_o i_o much_o misremember_v not_o twice_o in_o one_o day_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o to_o morinus_n very_o probable_a that_o those_o great_a quantity_n of_o rain_n and_o snow_n and_o storm_n and_o perhaps_o some_o other_o meteor_n that_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o winter_n may_v rather_o consist_v of_o these_o subterraneal_a steam_n than_o the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n attract_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o at_o least_o may_v as_o much_o consist_v of_o the_o former_a as_o the_o latter_a for_o his_o heat_n be_v then_o very_a languid_a and_o act_n upon_o the_o ground_n but_o during_o the_o day_n time_n which_o be_v very_o short_a whereas_o those_o meteor_n be_v generate_v indifferent_o at_o all_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n and_o the_o sky_n be_v oftentimes_o for_o many_o day_n together_o quite_o overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n so_o constipate_v with_o frost_n that_o it_o will_v sometime_o freeze_v even_o in_o the_o sunshine_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o near_o so_o likely_a that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o all_o these_o disadvantage_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o elevate_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o exhalation_n and_o vapour_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o compose_v the_o rain_n and_o snow_n and_o storm_n that_o sometime_o last_v almost_o all_o the_o winter_n as_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v supply_v by_o subterraneal_a steam_n copious_o send_v up_o from_o the_o heat_n that_o continual_o reign_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o traverse_v the_o sea_n and_o at_o other_o vent_v get_v up_o into_o the_o air._n 47._o to_o make_v out_o this_o my_o former_o quote_v french_a author_n relate_v a_o 136._o very_a memorable_a thing_n that_o be_v tell_v he_o by_o the_o master_n of_o those_o mine_n in_o hungary_n which_o be_v at_o least_o as_o deep_a as_o any_o that_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v see_v or_o read_v of_o namely_o that_o the_o miner_n be_v able_a certain_o to_o foretell_v soon_o than_o any_o other_o mortal_n the_o tempest_n and_o sudden_a mutation_n that_o be_v to_o happen_v in_o the_o air._n for_o when_o they_o perceive_v by_o the_o burn_a blue_a of_o their_o light_n and_o by_o other_o manifest_a sign_n that_o they_o can_v easy_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o their_o grooves_n that_o store_n of_o the_o tempestuous_a damp_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o be_v ascend_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o the_o sky_n above_o be_v clear_a and_o the_o air_n calm_a yet_o they_o conld_v assure_o foretell_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o storm_n or_o some_o other_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o air_n which_o will_v according_o ensue_v within_o no_o very_o long_a time_n aster_n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o narrative_a i_o shall_v add_v not_o only_o that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o what_o i_o late_o tell_v you_o be_v affirm_v to_o i_o by_o other_o mine-man_n but_o that_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o very_a ingenious_a physician_n who_o live_v many_o year_n in_o cornwall_n a_o country_n you_o know_v famous_a for_o tin-mine_n some_o of_o which_o be_v infamous_a for_o the_o damp_n that_o infest_v they_o he_o tell_v i_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o experience_a fisherman_n assure_v he_o that_o oftentimes_o they_o do_v perceive_v
in_o winter_n a_o cold_a northerly_a wind_n freeze_v the_o water_n without_o door_n it_o be_v not_o less_o cold_a in_o wine-cellar_n than_o it_o be_v at_o the_o same_o season_n and_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n in_o his_o study_n only_o the_o paper-shuts_a of_o his_o window_n that_o regard_v likewise_o the_o north_n be_v put_v to_o and_o though_o if_o he_o have_v say_v nothing_o else_o i_o shall_v have_v suspect_v that_o this_o may_v have_v proceed_v from_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o cellar_n he_o make_v his_o trial_n in_o yet_o he_o prevent_v that_o suspicion_n by_o take_v notice_n in_o one_o clause_n of_o his_o relation_n that_o the_o cellar_n be_v of_o the_o very_o best_a of_o their_o kind_n in_o which_o in_o summer_n the_o great_a cold_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v feel_v but_o his_o next_o experiment_n be_v yet_o more_o considerable_a which_o i_o shall_v therefore_o deliver_v in_o his_o own_o word_n that_o follow_v expertus_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la say_v he_o thermometro_n fidelissimo_fw-la &_o à _fw-la praecedente_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr in_fw-la sequentem_fw-la drebell_n aestatem_fw-la prorsus_fw-la invariato_fw-it instructo_fw-la etiam_fw-la tali_fw-la aquâ_fw-la nempe_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la ex_fw-la praescripto_fw-la trebellii_n it_o a_o comparata_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la exhaletur_fw-la neque_fw-la minuatur_fw-la expertus_fw-la inquam_fw-la sum_n in_o supradictis_fw-la optimis_fw-la cellis_fw-la vinariis_fw-la maximum_fw-la quod_fw-la ardentissima_fw-la aestate_fw-la fuit_fw-la frigus_fw-la non_fw-la adaequasse_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la ibidem_fw-la erat_fw-la brumali_fw-la tempore_fw-la ut_fw-la dixi_fw-la in_o superiori_fw-la experimento_fw-la siquidem_fw-la in_o tubo_fw-la vitrei_fw-la thermometri_n quatuor_fw-la circiter_fw-la palmos_fw-la longo_fw-la &_o in_o octo_fw-la gradus_fw-la graduumque_fw-la minuta_fw-la diviso_fw-la aqua_fw-la byeme_n ascendit_fw-la ad_fw-la gradus_fw-la 7._o cum_fw-la semisse_fw-la aestate_fw-la autem_fw-la vix_fw-la gradum_fw-la sextum_fw-la super_fw-la avit_fw-la cum_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la sensum_fw-la multo_fw-la magis_fw-la vigeret_fw-la frigus_fw-la istud_fw-la 〈◊〉_d thus_o far_o this_o learned_a as_o well_o as_o resolute_a author_n who_o seem_v by_o the_o mathematical_a part_n of_o his_o perspectiva_fw-la horaria_fw-la to_o be_v a_o accurate_a and_o industrious_a maker_n of_o observation_n we_o may_v oppose_v his_o new_o recite_v experiment_n to_o that_o of_o zucchius_n which_o it_o flat_o contradict_v and_o therefore_o since_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o cellar_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o experiment_n of_o this_o nature_n since_o also_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o place_n or_o soil_n where_o the_o cellar_n or_o other_o cavity_n happen_v to_o be_v may_v in_o some_o case_n not_o be_v inconsiderable_a and_o since_o last_o neither_o zucchius_n nor_o maignan_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v aware_a of_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n in_o the_o self_n same_o place_n as_o not_o have_v see_v the_o xviii_o of_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n before_o which_o i_o never_o see_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o thing_n publish_v or_o otherwise_o write_v to_o that_o purpose_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v excuse_v if_o i_o retain_v some_o scruple_n about_o the_o historical_a question_n i_o have_v be_v consider_v till_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v careful_o make_v for_o a_o competent_a space_n of_o time_n in_o several_a place_n and_o that_o not_o with_o common_a wether_n glass_n like_o those_o use_v by_o my_o two_o learned_a author_n wherein_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v make_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v by_o the_o differ_a gravity_n of_o the_o air_n but_o with_o seal_a thermoscope_n wherein_o the_o alteration_n may_v more_o safe_o be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v only_o from_o its_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o to_o conclude_v since_o carneades_n have_v specious_o enough_o answer_v the_o other_o observation_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v produce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o aristotelian_a antiperistasis_n if_o maignans_n relation_n be_v better_o warrant_v by_o future_a experiment_n then_o that_o of_o zucchius_n it_o will_v very_o much_o disfavour_v the_o whole_a doctrine_n itself_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v devise_v but_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n to_o which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v apply_v consider_v man_n will_v be_v but_o little_a invite_v to_o embrace_v it_o if_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v as_o little_a certain_a as_o what_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o hypothesis_n be_v intelligible_a finis_fw-la a_fw-la examen_fw-la of_o mr._n hobs_n doctrine_n touch_v cold._n 1._o mr._n hobs_n theory_n concern_v cold_a do_v to_o i_o i_o confess_v appear_v so_o inconsiderate_o pitch_v upon_o and_o so_o slight_o make_v out_o that_o i_o shall_v not_o think_v it_o merit_v especial_o in_o a_o historical_a treatise_n a_o particular_a or_o solicitous_a examination_n but_o that_o in_o propose_v it_o he_o scruple_n not_o to_o talk_v to_o his_o reader_n of_o his_o demonstration_n and_o the_o preferrence_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o give_v himself_o above_o the_o eminent_a as_o well_o of_o modern_a as_o of_o ancient_a writer_n have_v have_v no_o small_a effect_n upon_o many_o who_o not_o know_v how_o indulgent_a some_o writer_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v to_o the_o issue_n of_o their_o own_o brain_n as_o such_o be_v apt_a to_o mistake_v confidence_n for_o evidence_n and_o may_v be_v modest_a enough_o to_o think_v that_o their_o not_o discern_v a_o clearness_n in_o his_o explication_n and_o reason_n be_v rather_o the_o fault_n of_o their_o understanding_n then_o of_o his_o doctrine_n mr._n hobbs_n deliver_v his_o theory_n in_o the_o seven_o first_o article_n of_o the_o 28._o chapter_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o element_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a discourse_n be_v too_o long_o to_o be_v here_o transcribe_v and_o because_o in_o the_o 2_o 3_o and_o 4._o section_n that_o which_o he_o treat_v of_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o wind_n and_o that_o which_o he_o handle_v in_o the_o five_o be_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o hard_a body_n we_o may_v safe_o leave_v out_o those_o four_o section_n especial_o since_o though_o there_o be_v in_o they_o divers_a thing_n about_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o matter_n that_o be_v more_o strong_o assert_v then_o prove_v yet_o his_o doctrine_n tend_v but_o to_o show_v how_o the_o wind_n be_v generate_v though_o it_o be_v grant_v will_v make_v but_o very_o little_a if_o any_o thing_n at_o all_o towards_o the_o evince_a of_o his_o theory_n about_o cold_a 2._o and_o that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v suspect_v to_o injure_v his_o opinion_n or_o his_o argument_n we_o will_v though_o the_o citation_n will_v be_v somewhat_o prolix_a first_o recite_v they_o as_o himself_o deliver_v they_o in_o those_o three_o section_n that_o treat_v immediate_o of_o cold_a and_o then_o we_o will_v subjoin_v our_o animadversion_n on_o they_o 3._o these_o thing_n say_v he_o be_v 6._o premise_v i_o shall_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o there_o be_v great_a cold_a near_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o further_o from_o they_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n between_o the_o tropic_n drive_v the_o air_n towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n superficies_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a under_o it_o make_v it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n and_o the_o velocity_n of_o this_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n grow_v great_a and_o great_a as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n come_v more_o and_o more_o to_o be_v straighten_a that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la come_v to_o be_v less_o and_o less_o wherefore_o this_o expansive_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n drive_v before_o it_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o its_o way_n continual_o towards_o the_o pole_n more_o and_o more_o strong_o as_o its_o force_n come_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o unite_a 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into_o lump_n very_o white_a and_o consequent_o not_o diaphanous_a sal_fw-la ammoniac_a show_v some_o variety_n in_o point_n of_o time_n for_o in_o the_o same_o pan_n quantity_n and_o place_n with_o the_o other_o salt_v water_n it_o will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v long_o after_o the_o former_a though_o once_o it_o do_v freeze_v before_o they_o common_a salt_n two_o drachm_n dissolve_v in_o four_o ounce_n of_o common_a water_n for_o that_o proportion_n i_o observe_v in_o all_o my_o solution_n do_v in_o 30._o hour_n space_n in_o the_o hard_a season_n turn_v to_o pretty_a hard_a and_o white_a ice_n whereas_o the_o former_a solution_n become_v so_o in_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n at_o the_o most_o a_o beer-glass_n be_v fill_v with_o stink_a sea-water_n full_a of_o salt_n which_o within_o 26._o hour_n acquire_v at_o the_o top_n a_o plate_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o ½_o a_o crown_n piece_n with_o few_o bubble_n in_o it_o this_o taste_v salt_n and_o stink_a as_o 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like_o sal_fw-la prunellae_fw-la which_o a_o apothecary_n mistake_v it_o for_o this_o ice_n throw_v into_o the_o fire_n after_o the_o aqueous_a humidity_n be_v evaporate_v do_v sparkle_v as_o that_o salt_n use_v to_o do_v a_o strong_a lixivium_n make_v hereof_o with_o a_o addition_n of_o copperas_n or_o alum_n single_o or_o mix_v set_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n or_o snow_n alone_o be_v freeze_v in_o one_o night_n sal_fw-la gem_n alone_o of_o all_o the_o salt_n though_o snow_n and_o ice_n be_v mix_v with_o it_o in_o great_a proportion_n and_o though_o the_o pan_n be_v set_v in_o salt_n and_o snow_n can_v not_o all_o that_o time_n be_v bring_v to_o congelation_n a_o odd_a experiment_n phlegm_n of_o vitriol_n do_v freeze_v soon_o than_o the_o solution_n before_o mention_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n begin_v congelation_n or_o coagulation_n rather_o near_o as_o soon_o as_o fair_a water_n a_o pretty_a large_a tube_n be_v fill_v ¾_n full_a with_o this_o oil_n and_o about_o ¼_n thereof_o be_v 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fall_n as_o the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o philosopher_n assert_n 10._o snow_n abound_v with_o fat_a this_o i_o understand_v not_o 11._o snow_n with_o ice_n swim_v on_o water_n this_o be_v a_o clear_a consequence_n from_o the_o seven_o assertion_n 12._o snow-water_n boil_v meat_n soon_o and_o make_v the_o flesh_n white_a i_o try_v this_o in_o flesh_n and_o fish_n but_o can_v find_v no_o manifest_a difference_n either_o to_o their_o soon_o boil_a or_o whiteness_n 13._o snow_n new_o fall_v have_v no_o taste_n but_o lie_v long_o on_o the_o ground_n or_o freeze_v somewhat_o bite_v the_o tongue_n my_o taste_n be_v not_o so_o acute_a as_o to_o distinguish_v the_o bite_n of_o one_o from_o the_o other_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o snow_n freeze_v do_v more_o affect_v the_o tongue_n with_o its_o coldness_n than_o snow_n alone_o 14._o worm_n be_v sometime_o find_v in_o snow_n this_o neither_o my_o own_o observation_n nor_o relation_n from_o other_o can_v make_v out_o 15._o from_o snow_n by_o a_o peculiar_a art_n a_o salt_n of_o wonderful_a strength_n be_v draw_v he_o say_v not_o this_o of_o his_o own_o observation_n nor_o teach_v the_o way_n to_o extract_v it_o 16._o after_o much_o snow_n plenty_n of_o nut_n this_o frequent_o suit_v with_o the_o countryman_n observation_n but_o many_o time_n fail_v such_o year_n also_o common_o produce_v plenty_n of_o wheat_n other_o season_n concur_v i_o shall_v here_o also_o insert_v two_o remark_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n concern_v freeze_a the_o one_o be_v that_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n distil_v spirit_n from_o wine_n only_o by_o put_v snow_n upon_o the_o alembick_a without_o help_n of_o fire_n the_o second_o that_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n have_v a_o powder_n which_o soon_o congeal_v water_n into_o ice_n even_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o to_o conclude_v take_v these_o general_a observation_n make_v by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n with_o weather-glass_n frame_v after_o the_o italian_a mode_n and_o fill_v in_o part_n with_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o i_o shall_v deliver_v brief_o and_o in_o gross_a and_o not_o each_o day_n alteration_n apart_o i_o take_v then_o two_o of_o the_o say_a glass_n of_o equal_a dimension_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v and_o fill_v they_o with_o the_o same_o spirit_n of_o wine_n one_o of_o they_o i_o place_v in_o my_o study-window_n stand_v northwest_n the_o other_o in_o mr._n pulleyns_n warehouse_n under_o st._n pauls-church_n and_o choose_v there_o a_o small_a recess_n or_o room_n which_o be_v most_o remote_a from_o the_o entrance_n and_o the_o warm_a in_o the_o whole_a warehouse_n both_o the_o glass_n be_v settle_v in_o their_o station_n the_o 15._o of_o october_n 1662._o the_o spirit_n in_o both_o have_v the_o altitude_n of_o three_o inch_n just_a when_o the_o glass_n in_o my_o study_n be_v depress_v by_o the_o cold_a a_o inch_n i_o go_v and_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o warehouse_n to_o have_v receive_v no_o manifest_a change_n in_o 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the_o cold_a season_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n i_o several_a time_n send_v in_o at_o night_n my_o hard_a freeze_a liquor_n which_o be_v constant_o thaw_v in_o the_o morning_n though_o it_o freeze_v exceed_v hard_o above_o ground_n the_o glass_n in_o my_o study_n after_o two_o day_n hard_a freeze_a be_v sink_v below_o my_o mark_n into_o the_o very_a ball_n so_o that_o i_o can_v make_v no_o far_a observation_n concern_v the_o cold_a above_o ground_n from_o the_o former_a observation_n that_o popular_a error_n be_v manifest_o refute_v viz._n that_o cellar_n and_o subterraneous_a place_n be_v hot_a in_o the_o winter_n then_o in_o the_o summer_n which_o though_o they_o appear_v so_o to_o we_o because_o they_o warm_v we_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o cool_v we_o in_o the_o summer_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o so_o in_o themselves_o for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o former_a experiment_n that_o in_o the_o cold_a season_n the_o spirit_n be_v depress_v to_o two_o inch_n and_o ¼_n and_o rise_v in_o april_n to_o 3_o ½_o and_o no_o doubt_n will_v have_v rise_v about_o ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o have_v it_o continue_v there_o till_o the_o hot_a season_n of_o the_o year_n one_o thing_n more_o i_o observe_v viz._n that_o the_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n have_v in_o this_o subterraneous_a vault_n total_o lose_v its_o colour_n whereas_o that_o in_o my_o study_n two_o year_n after_o still_o retain_v its_o former_a tincture_n since_o the_o print_n of_o the_o forego_n paper_n viz._n 1664._o there_o be_v no_o frost_n in_o england_n 1663._o i_o make_v these_o follow_a experiment_n find_v the_o three_o of_o january_n the_o season_n dispose_v to_o freeze_a i_o expose_v a_o pint_n bottle_n of_o claret_n and_o a_o glasscane_a fill_v with_o canary_n a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la gem_n train-oyl_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o fructus_fw-la musae_fw-la and_o on_o the_o four_o of_o the_o same_o month_n the_o night_n be_v the_o cold_a and_o sharp_a that_o i_o ever_o feel_v which_o all_o i_o speak_v with_o the_o next_o day_n confirm_v the_o wind_n then_o blow_v hard_o at_o south-west_n i_o find_v in_o the_o morning_n all_o the_o liquor_n freeze_v except_o the_o shall_v gem_n expose_v in_o a_o earthen_a pan_n which_o show_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o dish_n some_o seem_o crystallize_v salt_v the_o oil_n of_o the_o say_a fruit_n become_v very_o friable_a and_o of_o a_o milky_a white_a colour_n but_o the_o train-oyl_n only_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o become_v of_o the_o consistence_n of_o soft_a greese_v and_o the_o same_o night_n a_o bottle_n of_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n call_v backrag_v and_o another_o of_o lusty_a white-wine_n stand_v in_o a_o room_n a_o story_n high_a expose_v to_o the_o say_a wind_n have_v most_o of_o the_o wine_n freeze_v in_o they_o the_o ice_n whereof_o be_v take_v out_o taste_v somewhat_o weak_a than_o the_o wine_n itself_o all_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v the_o six_o night_n of_o the_o same_o month_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o pint_n of_o claret_n and_o the_o sack_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v both_o freeze_a throughout_o these_o two_o night_n and_o after_o their_o double_a freeze_a and_o thaw_v they_o lose_v nothing_o of_o their_o spirit_n colour_n and_o taste_v nay_o the_o claret_n be_v a_o strong_a burgundy_n wine_n though_o it_o often_o suffer_v glaciation_n and_o thaw_v for_o three_o week_n together_o yet_o in_o all_o that_o time_n suffer_v no_o manifest_a alteration_n but_o appear_v the_o same_o to_o sense_n as_o when_o it_o be_v expose_v in_o colour_n taste_n and_o strength_n as_o to_o the_o concentration_n of_o colour_a liquor_n mr._n haak_n show_v i_o a_o oval_a glass_n have_v at_o one_o end_v a_o narrow_a cane_n above_o a_o inch_n long_o almost_o fill_v with_o water_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n freeze_v throughout_o the_o ice_n round_o about_o towards_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n show_v whole_o colourless_a but_o that_o in_o the_o midst_n be_v of_o a_o exceed_o high_a dye_n but_o the_o ice_n that_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v light_o tinge_v with_o a_o scarlet_a hue_n hereupon_o have_v some_o flask_n by_o i_o i_o put_v into_o one_o a_o strong_a decoction_n of_o cochineel_n and_o into_o another_o a_o like_a decoction_n of_o soot_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o encompass_v in_o a_o vessel_n with_o snow_n and_o salt_n they_o do_v freeze_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o more_o and_o the_o air_n than_o beginning_n to_o relax_v i_o break_v the_o flask_n and_o the_o desolved_a ice_n yield_v a_o water_n total_o colourless_a i_o make_v also_o a_o experiment_n with_o a_o very_a strong_a decoction_n of_o gentian_a root_n which_o be_v expose_v in_o a_o four_o ounce_n vial_n the_o ice_n thereof_o have_v