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A56300 A theatre of politicall flying-insects wherein especially the nature, the vvorth, the vvork, the wonder, and the manner of right-ordering of the bee, is discovered and described : together with discourses, historical, and observations physical concerning them : and in a second part are annexed meditations, and observations theological and moral, in three centuries upon that subject / by Samuel Purchas ... Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626. 1657 (1657) Wing P4224; ESTC R6282 278,822 394

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when they go forth with a Leader you may put them any where for they have by a voluntary departure excluded themselves from their former society and to return thither again except it bee in a short space is capital They are reputed as enemies forsaking their own Commander and going away with another Leader but if their Princess in a short space return with them there is no question about their admission but if by a wile they are taken from their own company without a Leader they will return back again do what you can except you carry them so far that they know not the way Mr. Butler for such Hives as have not swarmed before Midsummer directs this course to double the stall by turning the skirt of the Hive upward putting the crown into the rim of an old Pale or the like well staked about that it may stand fast and setting an empty prepared Hive fast upon it then dawb them in the middle where they are joyned round onely leaving a passage even with that of the old stock and they will ascend into this and breed and work as well as in the old And in the end of August you may drive them all into the new and take the old for your labour This course seems plausible upon the first proposal but upon frequent trial I have found it to little purpose For the Bees having many young ones in the old Hive and much meat will not ascend but as they are necessitated for room and then work their combs to the old upwards and not downwards from the top of the Hive newly set over them so that by parting of the combs which will not bee without trouble you may take some little profit of the combs new wrought but must continue the old Hive to stand still except you mean to take all I never found any to have wrought above half way upwards so that having no foundation but the old combs it is impossible to set down the new Hive Bees will swarm any time of the day between eight in the morning and four in the afternoon but the chief time of swarming is between eleven and one Many stocks when they are disposed to swarm will rise in a cloudy season often before the Sun shine upon them I have had some by eight of the clock but chiefly in a hot gleam after that a showr or a dark cloud hath sent them home but in hot and dry weather it is not so The swarming month● are April May June and July rarely though sometimes in August To judge by the time of their swarming which will thrive is very uncertain because of the variable weather that often follows after for being checked a little and discouraged at the first for a week together they will scarce work kindly all the year after so that many though less and coming a month after not hindred at all by ill weather will bee better than those at the end of the year And another cause why forward swarmes thrive not after soul weather is because they are very ventrous abroad and by the stormy winds and unseasonable weather many are diminished and thereby their increase exceedingly retarded Signes of after swarms are more manifest and certain for about ten dayes after the first swarm is cast sometimes a little sooner sometimes a day or two later the next Princess will begin to tune in her treble voyce a mournful and begging note as if shee did pray her Queen mother to give her leave to bee gone unto which voyce if the Queen vouchsafe to reply ●uning her base to the young Princess treble as commonly shee doth though sometimes not intreated in a day or two then shee consents and the third day after expect a swarm The first day after the grant how fair soever the weather be they will not go and not ordinarily on the next day except it bee very fair but on the third day though it bee somewhat close and cloudy weather yet sometimes the weather proving very cold and windy I have known them stay five or six dayes after liberty granted The evening before they swarm the young Princess goes calling from one part of the Hive to another sometimes shee is before sometimes behinde sometimes above but still calls and resting a while between shee still renewes her calling In the morning before shee often descends to the bottome of the Hive with shriller and thicker longer and more continued notes than at first that none may plead ignorance but all know and acknowledge there is a new Princess and bee ready to attend her when shee takes possession of her Royalty dealing herein but that shee is her own officer and it is no disparagement for the Queen mother is her continual assistant as Princes on earth that come newly to succeed in their Dominions they make it known by sound of Trumpets and Proclamations in the most eminent parts of the Kingdome But take notice by the way that sometimes the Commonalty knowing best their numbers within and the state of the weather abroad not thinking it good to make a division will after leave obtained kill the young Princess and all the infants of the blood Royal but this is not ordinary If the Queen mother after a long intreaty be silent then there is no way but one shee must dye and all her Allies As the Queens voice is a grant so her silence is a s●●t denial The Proverb here hath no place Quitacet consentire vide●ur for without this concent there is no consent Sometimes a third nay a fourth will arise after a second if the prime swarm bee broken but all ordinarily within a fortnight I have known the last but rarely and in bad weather seventeen dayes after the fi●st When the swarm i● up and busie in their dance it hath been an old and common p●●ctice for want of other musick to play them a fit of Mirth on a Bason Warming-pan or Kettle to make them more speedily light and keep them from slying away but this though ordinary yet is needless in this respect for they will settle of themselves except they have chosen a place before-hand which is very near And then when their company is all out they will flye directly thi●her and your ringing and tinging will prevail nothing to perswade their stay This benefit there is of ringing that if you have neighbours near you that keep Bees you may give notice thereby to prevent wrangling if some of theirs should rise at the same time Mr. Levi●s opinion is That tinging is so far from preventing their flying away that it is often a cause to return them back into their Hive if not to drive them qu●te away for they are amazed as it were and confounded with the unwonted and clamorous noise Mr. Remnant dislikes ringing before the swarm bee quite out of their Hive but if they be on the wing ready to flye away then prescribes to make the greatest sound you can to
than indifferent they will not stir the second day and so as the foul weather lasteth droop and grow faint and sometimes totally miscarry To prevent this the day after they are set up when the Sun shines upon them or howsoever about noon except it rain put a little honey under the hive near the mouth of it and some at the mouth and before the entrance less than a spoonfull will serve which they will quickly smell and come down to feed on and flye forth and thereby bee acquainted with their new standing and fall to work upon the first fair weather If the weather continue cold and cloudy a week together without a little supply they will dye therefore every day refesh them with a little honey After they are acquainted with their standing you may put it into the Hive upon a peece of an old comb in the evening They can indure four or five dayes without meat but if the foul weather continue longer they will hanging by one anothers legs fall down to the bottome of the Hive and perish but try them not too far but quicken them daily with a little honey and you shall keep them strong and lusty such close and windy weather falls out often in May you shall gain by this loss for the weather altering they will not onely subsist of themselves but by their painful labours recompence your cost and care If your stocks cast a second swarm after Midsummer the best way is to return it home again Hive it as you do other swarms and about six of the clock knock them out on a table before their stock and they will go in and if they come forth again as perhaps they will do so the second time and if there bee occasion the third also but look heedfully when you first knock them out for the Queen Bee and take her away and then shall you bee sure to prevent further and future trouble And thus shall you keep your stocks full and lusty which otherwise were in danger of miscarrying and the swarms most years would bee worth nothing Set the poorest swarms upon a plank and when they have done working dawb them round allowing air only through two or three quills and set them in a dry cold place of your house or barn and so being little sensible of the alteration of the air they will sleep much and eat little CHAP. XV. What Flowers the Bees gather of IT hath been almost generally received that Bees gather from all sorts of flowers good and bad sweet and bitter some a little and but a little straiten this vulgar position of all kindes of flowers both of Herbs and Trees saith one except Docks and Cheesrunnet Aristotle curtails this a little more and tells us that they gather of all flowers that have cells or sockets Mr. Mouffet straitens this also saying They refuse no flowers that are fragrant contained in cells or sockets but this also must bee narrowed into shorter bounds as yet being too large for of many sorts of such flowers they meddle not with at all First Bees gather not of flowers which have deep sockets as Batchelors-buttons Cuckow-flowers Cockscomb Jasmin Cumphilly Dead-nettle Wood-bettony Wild-blew-teare Teazil Red-hony suckle rarely and divers others and yet these are more abundant with hony than many that the Bees gather of And of these the Humble bees gather plentifully nature furnishing them with larger fangs and longer tongues than the Bees 2 Ordinarily they gather not of many little or small flowers as Rubia Pimpernel Scorpioides Hares-foot Oliver Veronica c. 3 Not ordinarily of many physical Herbr as Erisamon Agrimony Century St. Johns-wort Mugwort Motherwort c. 4 Not of bitter Herbs as Wormwood Lavender-cotton Southernwood c. yet sometimes of Ru● the flower whereof is scarcely bitter 5 Not of very dry flowers as Docks Sorrel Mercury Atriplex Wheat Rye Oats c. 6 Not of those that have a strong stinking smell as Smalledge Hemlock Galopsia Crown-empereal Cheesrunnet c. 7 Not of those that are sopo●iferous and Narcotick as Mandrakes Red-poppy Night-shade Black-briony c. 8 Not of those that are very cold and unctuous as Orpine Housl●ek Prick-madam c. for all oylie and unctuous things are hurtful to them 9 Not of those that have a strong sweet smell as Feve●few Maudline English Laurel Myrrhe c. 10 Of very few flowers that grow in Ponds or Rivers 11 Not of those flowers that though they have great hollow bodies shut hard and close at the top or lips as it were as Toads-flax Snap-dragon Fox-gloves which the Humble-bees will open being stronger and gather of 12 Not of very double flowers as double Primrose Wall-flowers c. except where the leaves are very fine as the Dentdelion nor of such as have deep sockets and have no strings from the bottome to the top of the flower Nor of such whose strings or horns extend far out of the flower as Avens except there bee an excrescency or cod in the middle of the flower as Gillow-flowers have Bees sometimes gather of such flowers as are pernicious and hurtful The Teil-tree and the Boxe are very pestilential so is also the Yew tree If they taste of the flowers of a Corn●ile-tree they dye of a scowring the blowings of Elmes are discommended and wilde Cowcumbers as also Woad which affords a foggy food that over-lades the Bees and makes them miscarry in the fields strow Salt under your Hives and they will bee the stronger and lustier Tulipas kill Bees for closing a little afternoon the Bees that are in them are imprisoned the sides being out-bowing and smooth they cannot get out and will bee dead before the next day when they open The Lentick tree from whence the Mastick is gathered affords the best honey in the world of which in the Island Sio anciently Chios is great plenty Bees gather of these flowers following yet of some more plentifully than of others In March Hasel Willow Sallow Enemony Bunnikin Daffadil Violet Gooseberry Cornelian Misselto Crocus Elme Primrose Pilewort Dendelion Spoonwort Bears-foot Black-thorn single Wall-flowers c. In April Ale-hoof Ribes white red black Oak Peach March-marigold Cole Turnep Sycomore or great Maple Ribwort Stockgillowflower Cow-weed Furse Strawberry Broom Beans wilde white Enemony Bears-ear Ozier Plumtree Cherry Pear Apple Crab Barbery Beech Tear Maple Bi●ch Apricock In May. Water-cresses Hull Angelica a tall rank grass Parsnep Onion Leek Garlick-seeds Dogs-tongue white Valerian Tamarisk Thrift Sage S●orksbill Mous-ear Raspis Charlock Marigold small yellow Honysuckle Poppy Woodbind Medlar blew Valerian Burnet wilde Tansie Archangel both with the white and yellow flowers called by the Tygurines Been-sauge or Bee-suck Hawthorn Elder white Honysuckle King-cup Pease double Gies In Iune Tre-trifoly with yellow knops and another kinde of Trifoly with long red blossomes and a Trifoly with pale yellow blossomes like a Lotus but ranker Dewbery Blewbottle Mothmulleine Luteola or Diers weed white Briony