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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A52618	An account of several late voyages & discoveries to the south and north towards the Streights of Magellan, the South Seas, the vast tracts of land beyond Hollandia Nova &c. : also towards Nova Zembla, Greenland or Spitsberg, Groynland or Engrondland, &c. / by Sir John Narborough, Captain Jasmen Tasman, Captain John Wood, and Frederick Marten of Hamburgh ; to which are annexed a large introduction and supplement, giving an account of other navigations to those regions of the globe, the whole illustrated with charts and figures.	Narbrough, John, Sir, 1640-1688.; Tasman, Abel Janszoon, 1603?-1659.; Wood, John, Captain.; Martens, Friedrich, 1635-1699.; Robinson, Tancred, Sir, d. 1748.	1694 (1694)	Wing N154; ESTC R18669	230,732	472

Travels and Voyages in two Tomes The first containing Dr. Leonhart Rauwolff's Itinerary into the Eastern Countries as Syria Palestine or the Holy Land Armenia Mesopotamia Assyria Chaldea c. Translated from the High Dutch by Nich. Staphorst The second in taking many parts of Greece Asia Minor Eqypt Arabia Felix and Petraea Ethiopia The Red Sea c. From the Observations of Monsieur Belon Mr. Vernon Dr. Spon Dr. Smith Dr. Huntingdon Mr. Greaves Alpinus Veslingius Thevenot's Collections and others To which are added three Catalogues of such Trees Shrubs and Herbs as grow in the Levant By John Ray Fellow of the Royal Society London Octavo 1693. Printed for S. Smith and B. Walford at the Prince's Arms in S. Pauls Church-Yard The Voyage to Spitzbergen A TABLE OF The Wind and Weather in the Voyage to SPITZBERGEN Day of Mon. Wind. Weather Latitude D. of M. Wind. Weather April 15 N. E.     15 W. Foggs with wind   1671. 16 E. Gloomy With sunshine 56° 16 The same   17 E. The same 57° 17 S. Winds and rains   18 E. The same 58° 49′ 18   Foggy and very cold   19 S. W. by W.   59° 19   Storm and rain   20 S. W. by S. Stormy with rain 61° 20   Warm sunshine and calm   21 S. W. The same 62° 12′ 21 E. Foggs and wind   22 S. W. Windy cold and rain 65° 22   Very fair and warm   23 S. W. Cloudy 66. 14 ' 23   Wind foggs and cold   24 S. W. Storm and cloudy   24   Frost   25 S. W. High winds at night rainy with hail and snow the wind eastward 68° 49′ 25 S. E. Sunshine all day and night           26   The same           28   Stormy all day   26 E. Stormy 71° 3′ 29   Fair weather and calm   27 N. E. by E. Very cold with hail and snow   July 2   Sunshine and pretty warm 28 N. E. and stormy Windy   3   Gloomy and not cold   29 N. E. byN. Foggy all day   4   Sunshine   30 N. Foggs with rain and snow   5   The same   May 1 N. W. Very cold windy with snow   6   The same       and sunshine by turns   7 Windy   2 N. W. by W. Cold winds   8 N. W. Snow and rain   3 N. W. by W. Cold snow and misty   9 N. W. Windy   4 N. W. Snow hail and gloomy   10   Warm sunshine and calm   5 N. W. by N. Moderately cold and sunshine   11 S. Stormy with snow and rain   6 N. W. Snow storms hail and frost   12   Gloomy sunshine   7   Moderate Frost   13 N. E. by E. The same   8 S. W. by S. Cloudy and cold   14 N. E. by E. Foggs all day   9 S. W. by W. The same   15 N. W. Foggs with cold wind   10 N. W. by W. Cold and high winds   16   Wind and snow   11 N. W. by W. Stormy 70° 3′ 17 W. Gloomy sunshine and cold   12 N. Stormy and very cold   18   Fair weather and calm   13 N. The same   19   The same   14 N. E. Fair and sunshine 75° 22′ 20 S. W. Storm and snow   15 N. E.   75° 33′ 21   Rain all day   16 N. Sunshine cold and windy   22   Fogg all day   17 N. E. by N. Hard frost   23   Warm and sunshine   18 N. E. by N. Calm weather 75° 35′ 24   The same   19 N. Gloomy sunshine and calm   25 S. W. Cloudy and cold and night-fogs   20 N. Calm very cold   26   The same   22 S.     27 S. W. Gloomy   23   Sunshine 77° 24′ 29 N. W. Very cold   24 S. Storms rain and snow   30 N. W. Fogs and windy   25 N. W. Windy and cold   Aug. 1 N. W. Storms fogs and rain   26 W. Snow and sunshine by turns   2 E. Fogs and frost   27 S. Calm   3 N. E. Gloomy sunshine and cold   28   Clear and windy   4 S. E. by E. Very Foggy and calm   29 S. Hard frost and cloudy   5 S. E. by S. Cloudy and calm   30 S. E. Fair and calm   6 S. E. by S. The same   June 1 N. W. Sunshine   7   High wind stormy with rain   2 N. E. by N. Hard frost and clear   8 S. E. Windy and gloomy   3 N. E. Snow and Stormy   9 S. E. The same 66° 47′ 4 N. Snow and rain and changeable   10 S. W. Dark cloudy and windy   5 N. Stormy with sunshine   11   The same but less wind   6 N. Foggy   12 S. W. N. Rain after noon fair   7   Fair and sunshine   13 N. W. Stormy with rain   8   Foggs and snow   14 N. W. Fair sunshine   9 N. E. Cloudy   15 N. W. Winds clouds and sunshine   10 N. Winds and snow   16 N. W. by N. Windy and gloomy   11 N. SUnshine and windy   17 N. W. Fair weather and warm   12   Cold and stormy   18   The same   13   Windy and foggy 77° 19   The same   14 W. Cold wins   20   The same   THE FIRST PART OF THE VOYAGE INTO Spitzbergen and Greenland CONTAINING The Passages of the whole voyage together with some Account of the Weather from the 15th of April to the 21th of August An. 1671. CHAP. I. Of the Voyage from the Elbe to Spitzbergen WE set Sail the 15th of April 1671. about noon from the Elbe The Wind was North-east At night when ●e came by the Hilge-land it bore to North-west The name of the Ship was Jones in the ●hale Peter Peterson of Friseland Master The 27th we had storms hail and snow with very cold weather the wind North-east and by east we were in 71 degrees and came to the Ice and turned back again The Island of John Maien bore from us South-west and by west as near as we could guess within ten Miles We might have seen the Island plain enough but the Air was haizy and full of fogs and snow so that we could not see far About noon it blew a storm whereupon we took down our Top-sails and furling our Main-sail drove with the Missen-sail towards South-east The 29th it was foggy all day the wind North east and by north we came to the Ice and sailed from it again as you may see in the Plate A. The 3cth the first Sunday after Easter was foggy with rain and snow the wind at North at night we came to the Ice but sailed from it

weather and warm Sun-shine all night Hard by us rode a Hollander and the Ships crew busie in cutting the fat of a Whale when the fish burst with so great a bounce as if a Canon had been discharged and bespattered the Workmen all over On the 8th the wind turned North-west with snow and rain We were forced to leave one of our Anchors and thank'd God for getting off from Land for the Ice came on fiercely upon us at night the wind was laid and it was colder although the Sun shined On the 9th we got another male Whale being the eighth which was yellow underneath the head we filled with him 54 Kardels with fat the Sun shined all night On the 12th we had gloomy Sun-shine all day At night we sailed with three Boats into the Ice before the Weigatt and got three white Bears an old one with two young ones they swam in the water like fish On the Ice lay abundance of Sea-horses and the further we came into the Ice there were the more of them we rowed up to them and when we came near to them we killed ten of them the rest came all about our Boat and beat holes through the sides of the Boat so that we took in abundance of water we were forced at length to row away from them because of their great number for they gathered themselves more and more together they pursued us as long as we could see them very furiously Afterwards we met with another very great one who lay in the water fast asleep but when he felt our Harpoon within him he was very much frightned and ran away before the Boat again where he was soon eased of his fright by our Lances We saw but very few Whales more and those we did see were quite wild that we could not come near them That night it was so dark and foggy that we could hardly see the Ships length we might have got Sea-horses enough but we were afraid of loosing our Ships for we had examples enough of them that had lost their Ships and could not come to them again but have been forced to return home in other Ships When after this manner any have lost their Ships and cannot be seen they discharge a Cannon from the Ship or sound the Trumpets or Haut-boys according as they are provided in their Ships that the men that are lost may find their Ship again On the 13th we had cloudy Sun-shine the wind towards night turned to North-east and by east The Ice came a floating down apace we sailed from the South-east Land to the west and we could but just get through by the North side from the Bear-Harbour or Bay We sailed on to the Rehenfelt or Deer-field where the Ice was already fixed to the Land so that we could but just get through we sailed further to the Vogelsanck Birds-song as you may see by b in the Plate D. Then we turned toward the East with a North-east wind in company with twelve Ships more to see whether there were any more Whales left with George and Cornelius Mangelsen and Michael Appel who sailed in four fathoms water and touched upon the wreck of a Ship that was lost there On the 14th in the morning we sailed still amongst the Ice the wind being North-east and by east we had a fogg all that day with Sun-shine with a Rainbow of two colours white and pale yellow and it was very cold and we saw the Sun a great deal lower On the 15th it was windy cold and foggy the whole day the wind turned North-west and the Ice came on in abundance so that we could hardly sail for it was every where full of small sheets of Ice At this time there were many ships beset with Ice in the Deer or Muscle-Bay We sailed all along near the shoar and at night we entred the South-Harbour marked with c in the Cut D where 28 Ships lay at Anchor 8 whereof were Hamburgers the rest Dutchmen From that time when we sailed out of the South-haven we kept always within sight of the Land and saw it always except it was foggy and so long the Skippers stay by the Ice to see whether there is any more Whales to be had That night we fetched water from the Land near the Cookery of Harlingen out of a hole marked by b in the Plate C. On the 16th in the morning we saw the Moon and afterwards it was windy with abundance of snow On the 18th we had fair weather with Sun-shine and we were also becalmed that we could not sail wherefore we towed with a Boat into the Danish Harbour to gather some Herbs from the Rocks In the South-Haven rode 30 Ships at Anchor On the 19th we had warm Sun-shine and fair weather but in the night stormy and rain On the 20th storms rain and a great deal of snow the wind South-west On the 21th rain all day long CHAP. II. Of our home Voyage from Spitzbergen to the Elbe ON the 22th day of July in the morning when the Sun was North-east we waied our Anchors and sailed out of the South-Haven we had a fogg all day long and Sun-shine at night in the night we saw abundance of Fin-fishes On the 24th it was so warm with Sun-shine that the Tarr wherewith the Ship was daubed over melted we drove it being calm before the Haven or Bay of Magdalen On the 25th it was cloudy and Sun-shine but cold withal at night we came to the Forelands the night was foggy the wind South-west On the 26th we had the very same weather all day the Sun was very low in the night On the 28th we turned from the side of the North-Foreland towards the west when the Sun was South-east and we did sail South-west and by west towards the Sea then we changed our Course southwards and stood South-east On the 29th 30th and 31th we sailed South-east and by south all along by the Land the south side of the Foreland was 8 Leagues from us bearing North-east then we sailed South-west and by south it was very cold with a North-west wind We saw daily abundance of Fin-fishes but no more Whales On the 9th of August it was windy all day with a gloomy Sun-shine in the forenoon it cleared up towards noon the wind was South-east when we took the Meridian heighth of the Sun and were at 66 degrees 47 minutes we sailed South-westward all along the Northern shoar of the Country On the 13th being Sunday in the morning the wind was North-west stormy with rain and west winds In the night we had very clear Moon and Star-light In the morning we saw the northern part of Hitland we sailed southward after the rain we saw Fair-Isle and sailed in betwixt Hitland and Fair-Isle first South-west and afterwards South-west and by south and then southward On the 20th it was fair weather warm Sun-shine and somewhat windy When the day began to appear we saw Hilgeland South-eastward of us

and Oyster-shells on the Shore-side and growing in Veins on the Rocks but no Meat in them Wind at West to Night a fresh gale Monday April 18. Wind at South-west a stiff gale Cold Air and some Snow this Morning the Winter is come strong and stormy so that 't will be impossible to hold the Coast into the Streights for the Wind blows altogether from the West or West-southerly and in such Gusts as will force a Ship off the Coast This day I ordered my Purser to serve the Company Brandy-wine for their Allowance at a Quart per Week a Man I got a Boats lading of the Wood of the Country aboard for firing to Night it blew hard at South-west all the Company eat salt Seal and Penguins for their Allowance sweet and very good Meat and keeps well and long in Salt Friday April 22. Wind at South-west a stiff gale and cold Air. This Morning I went ashore on the North-west side with twenty Men to the Salt-pond which is rusted all over like a Pavement with very white and good Salt two Inches thick for two miles long in February here 's Salt enough to fill a thousand Ships we filled two Bags and laid up near two Tuns out of the Water for there was Water over the Salt which began to decay with the Rain and Weather beating on it at Night I returned aboard we brought as much Salt with us as filled a Punchion very good white Stone-salt whiter than French-Salt and of a very pleasant smell I saw some Guianacoes and Ostriches the Hills and Valleys dry Earth and Grass on them on the higher Hills lies Snow no People but many places where they had made fires and lain under a Bush for shelter no Mineral or Metal Tree or Fruit. Wednesday April 27. Close Weather and little Wind a cold Air it freezes hard the Ice bears a Man Thursday April 28. Wind at West and by South a fine gale cold frosty Weather We unrig'd the Ship and made all snug intending to Winter in this Harbour the Ice will not suffer us to pass the Streights the Winds are so stormy and generally out of the Western quarter the Nights so long and cold that the passage is impossible this Winter The Port I found safe to ride in and good refreshment to be had of Fowls as Ducks Peekes and Divers c. In the Spring I may be ready to sail to the Southward when we shall have the year before us and the Sun in the Southern Signs which will give long Days and short Nights and temperate Weather Wind at North-north-east this Evening and Rain it blew a great storm to Night the Boat sunk at the Ship 's stern and lost the Oars less Wind towards Night and veared to the West Friday May 6. Wind at West-north-west a fine gale I went a-shore on the North-west side with thirty Men and travelled seven or eight miles up the Hill saw no People the Land is great Grass-Downs in most places and on the tops of the Hills and in the Ground are very large Oyster-shells they lie in Veins in the Earth and in the firm Rocks and on the sides of Hills in the Country they are the biggest Oyster-shells that ever I saw some six some seven Inches broad yet not one Oyster to be found in the Harbour whence I conclude they were here when the Earth was formed no sign of Mine or Metal no Woods or Tree We found a good Spring of fresh Water up in the Hills it drains into salt Water-swashes We saw several Salt-water Ponds six miles in the Land made by the saltness of the Earth we saw Ostriches Guianacoes and a Fox I made a Fire on the top of the highest Hill but could see no answer I returned aboard with my Company very weary some of my Men fetched Salt to day fair Weather to Night Friday May 13. Indifferent Weather Wind at West-south-west a fine gale This day we fetched Salt a Gentleman of my Company Mr. John Wood walking on the Island of Jusice found three small pieces of Gold Wire in two Muscle-shells which Shells were made together by a green Gut-string the Gold was to the value of two shillings English and had been hammered the wire as big as a great Pin. Monday June 6. Cloudy cold Weather Wind at South-west a fresh gale This day I went a-shore with sixteen Men and travelled ten miles West into the Land the Hills there are covered with Snow 't is very cold we could not go any further for Snow and the Air is so cold that we could not endure to lie on the ground on the Hill that I was on we could see nothing but Hill beyond Hill no Woods nor Trees nor Bushes all grass Downs the Land is flat on the tops of the Hills fresh Water runs down in several places which is melted Snow and when the Water leaves running there 's no Snow I saw many Guianacoes and Ostriches no People or sign of any close by the Water-side we saw many places where they had lain on open Hills in the Snow and some places where they had killed and eat Guianacoes and Ostriches they make but small Fires with little sticks I do not find they roast their flesh at them for we saw some raw Flesh hanging to the Bones which they had gnawed with their Teeth their Fires are only to warm their Children's Fingers as we imagine I gathered some handfuls of Guianacoes Wool that lay here I am persuaded these People must needs see us travelling to and fro every day but won't come near or be seen by us they live like wild Beasts or rather worse for sometimes they must be in great want of Food here 's neither Fruit Root or Herb for it The Land is a dry gravelly Soil with Sand and in many places a Marle two foot below the Surface the Grass which is dry grows in knots not very long but thick in the Valleys the Earth is of a Petery or nitrous Nature Ostriches seen no sign of Metal or Mineral I and my Company have looked in most places where we travelled for it to Night we got down but very weary Tuesday June 7. clse dark Weather Wind at North-east and by East a fair gale a new Moon to day fine Weather to Night but cold the Stars near the Pole Antartick are very visible some of the small Stars in the Constellation of little Hydra are near the Pole Here are many good Stars near the Pole good for Observation of the first and second Magnitude the Star at the South-end of Ariadne the Star at Hydra's Head the Star in the Peacock's eye and the Stars in Tucan's bill and the Stars in Tucan's thigh and back the stars in Grus's head and wing and body but the brightest Stars are the Stars in the former foot of Centaurus and the Crosiers the other Stars are of the third fourth and fifth Magnitude The two Clouds are seen very plainly and a small black Cloud which

him who immediately saw our Fire and steered into us and sent his Boat to help to bring off our Men with that we broke up our new Work which was done to our Long-Boat and Lanched her and about Noon got all on Board Captain Flawes in good Health Journal on Board the Prosperous Captain William Flawes Commander From Nova Zembla to England 1676. SUnday July 9. From the 8. 12 at Night to this 9. 12 at Noon the Winds variable with Fogs and small Rain we stand off to the Westward true Course Protracted with allowance for variation is West 8 d. South difference of Lat. 8 Miles departure 67 Miles Lat. per Judgment 73 d. 42 m. Meridian distance from Point Staten being the Westermost Land off of Nova Zembla and the last Land we saw 67 Miles very cold Weather Monday July 10. From the 9. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable from the South-west by West to the West and so to the North and North-north-east with small Rain great Fogs and very cold Weather true Course Protracted is West 35 Miles variation allowed 12 d. West Meridian distance 102 Miles a great Sea from the Westward Tuesday July 11. From the 10. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable from the North-north-east to the North-west Course per Compass West by South distance sailed by the Log 102 Miles true Course allowed for variation is West 68¼ South distance of Lat. 34 Miles departure 96 Miles Lat. per Judgment 73 d. 06 m. Meridian distance 198 Miles thick cloudy Weather and very Cold. Wednesday July 12. From the 11. Noon to this Day Noon little Wind and variable with Calms small Rains and Fogs distance sailed by the Log 27 Miles between the West by North and the West by South true Course allowed with all impediments is West at Noon Lat. by Observation 73 d. 34 m. which is 34 Miles more northerly than expected the variation I suppose came from the Lat. we departed from on Nova Zembla Meridian Distance Corrected is 222 Miles West at Noon calm and fair Weather Thursday July 13. From the 12. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from the West to the South-south-west a fresh Gale we ply to the Westward close Haul'd Course per Compass between the South-south-west and the West-north-west true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is West by North ½ North 69 Miles difference of Lat. 17 Miles departure 59 Miles Lat by Judgment 73 d. 51 m. Meridian distance 279 Miles Cold cloudy Weather with small Rains Friday July 14. From the 13. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable from the South-south-west to the West-north-west a fresh Gale and sometimes little Wind we ply to the Westward sometimes on one Tack and sometimes on the other true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is West-south-west ½ South difference of Lat. 9. Miles South departure West 20 Miles Lat. per Judgment 73 d. 35 m. Meridian distance 299 Miles Saturday July 15. From the 14. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds fresh with gusts from the North-west to the West we ply to the Westward sometimes to the Southward distance sailed by the Log 70 Miles true Course Protracted is South-west 33 d. 45 m. difference of Lat. 52 Miles Departure West 34 Miles Lat. per Judgment 72 d. 43 m. Meridian distance 333 Miles cold and cloudy Sunday July 16. From the 15. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind at West-south-west and West by South a fresh Gale but from 8 at Night till 8 in the Morning much Wind we lay a try under a Main-sail true Course Protracted Leeward-way and variation allowed is North by West ¼ West 31 Miles difference of Lat. 30 Miles departure West 7 Miles Lat. per Judgment 73 d. 13 m. Meridian distance 340 Miles Rain with very thick Weather Monday July 17. From the 16. Noon to this Day Noon little Wind from the West by North to the West with Rains Fogs and Calms we ply to the Westward close upon a Wind true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is West by South ● West distance of Lat. 3 Miles departure 23 miles Lat per Judgment 73 d. 10 m. Meridian distance 360 Miles at 11 in the Forenoon the Wind came up at South-south-east and foggy Tuesday July 18. From the 17. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds from the South to the West-south-west we ply to the Westward close haul'd between the West and North-west distance sailed by the Log 87 Miles true Course Protracted is West by North ¼ North 80 Miles distance of Lat. 18 Miles departure 77 Miles Lat. per Judgment 73 d. 28 m. Meridian distance 437 Miles thick foggy Weather Wednesday July 19. From the 18. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind at South-west and South-south-west with very thick Fogs Course per Compass West-north-west and West close Haul'd distance sailed by the Log 74 Miles true Course variation and Leeward-way allowed is West-north-west ½ North 70 Miles difference of Lat. 32 Miles departure 60 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. Meridian distance 497 Miles at Night much Wind we hand our Top-sails Thursday July 20. From the 19. Noon to this Day Noon for the most part much Winds at West-south-west and South-west with great Fogs we ply close upon a Wind North-west by West and West-north-west distance sailed by the Log 65 Miles true Course variation and Lee-way allowed is North-north-west ¼ West distance of Lat. 55 Miles departure 33 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. 55 m. Meridian distance 530 Miles Friday July 21. From the 20. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind from the South-west to the West Course per Compass South by West upon one Tack and West-north-west on the other close Haul'd distance sailed by the Log 61 Miles true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is South by West ¾ West 48 Miles distance of Lat. 45 Miles departure 16 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. 12 m. very thick foggy and cold till about Noon it cleared up Saturday July 22. From the 21. Noon to this Day 4 in the Morning the Wind at South-west by West and South-west with thick Fogs Course West by North and North-north-west 46 Miles at which time it was very foggy Weather we saw many Willocks and other Sea Fowles more than usual which made us think that we were near the Land of Cherry-Island we cast the Lead and had 60 Fathom a rough Sand with that we Tack'd and stood off South-south-east and South-east by East 9 Miles till Noon at which time we Sounded and had 78 Fathom Lat. at 4 in the Morning by Judgment 74 d. 26 m. Meridian distance 589 Miles at which time I was by my Reckoning 13 Leagues West from Cherry Island according to the Meridian distance I made from the Cape to Nova Zembla and from Nova Zembla back here Lat. at Noon by Judgment 74 d. 20 m. Meridian distance 582 Miles Sunday July 23. From the 22. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with

our second fish which was a male one and this fish when they wounded him with Lances bled very much so that the Sea was tinged by it where he swam we brought him to the Ship when the Sun was in the North for the Sun is the Clock to the Seamen in Spitzbergen for else they would live without order and mistake in the usual seven weekly days On the 14th it was cold and windy the night foggy the wind blew West that day we came to Hans Lichtenberg We arrived at Spitzbergen June the 14th First we came to the Foreland thereof then to the seven Ice-hills or Mountains then we passed the Harbour or Bay of the Hamburgers Magdalens English men and Danes and sailed into the South-bay we were followed by 7 Ships 3 Hamburgers and 4 Hollanders as is to be seen by a in the Plate C. For here it is just the same as when they will sail into the Ice if more then one is there for no body cares to be the first because they do not know in what condition the Harbour or the Ice is within In our Voyage thither we saw no Ice at all until we came to Spitzbergen for the wind had blown it all away in the night we did cut off the fat of the fish and filled with it 65 Kardels or Vessels That night we sailed with three Boats into the English Harbour or Bay and saw a Whale and flung into him three Harpoons and threw our Lances into him the Whale run underneath the small Ice and remained a great while under water before he came up again and then ran but a very little way before he came up again and this he repeated very often so that we were forced to wait on him above half an hour before he came from underneath the Ice The Harpoons broke out at length and we lost him On the Ice we saw two great Sea-horses or Morses that were got upon the sheet of Ice through a hole that was in it and were asleep we cut off their return by covering the hole with a piece of Ice then we awaken'd them with our Lances and they began to defend themselves for a while before they were killed We saw also many White-fish On the 22th we had very fair weather and pretty warm we were by Rehenfelt Deersfeild where the Ice stood firm we saw six Whales and got one of them that was a male and our third fish he was kill'd at night when the Sun stood westward this fish was kill'd by one man who flung the Harpoon into him and kill'd him also while the other Boats were busie in pursuing or hunting after another Whale This fish run to the Ice and before he died beat about him with his tail the Ice setled about him so that the other Boats could not come to this Boat to assist him till the Ice separated again that they might row when they tied one Boat behind the other and so towed the Whale to the great Ship where they cut him up into the Vessels and filled with him 45 Barrels This night the Sun shined very brightly On the 29th we had fair weather Sun-shine and calm On the same day we sailed before the wide Harbour or Bay where we found a great quantity of the fat of a Whale three Vessels full together with the Image of St. Nicholas which stood behind a Ship that was lost driving in the Sea There was also here and there still much Ice On the 1st of July about noon two Whale came near to our Ship we saw that they had a mind to couple together we set our Boat for them and the Harpoonier hit the female which when the other found he did not stay at all but made away The female run all along above the water straight forward beating about with her tail and fins so that we durst not come near to lance her yet one of our Harpooniers was so fool hardy to venture too near to the fish which saluted him with a stroak of her tail over his back so vehemently that he had much ado to recover his breath again Those in the other Boat to shew their valour also hasten'd to the fish which overturned their Boat so that the Harpoonier was forced to dive for it and hide his head underneath the water the rest did the same they thought it very long before they came out for it was cold so that they came quaking to the Ship again In the same morning a Whale appear'd near our Ship before the wide Harbour we put out four Boats from our Ship after him but two Holland Ships were about half a League from us one of them sent out a Boat towards us we used great diligence and care to take him but the fish came up just before the Dutchman's Boat and was struck by him with a Harpoon Thus he took the bread out of our mouths On the 2d of July we had Sun-shine all day and night long and it was pretty warm withal about midnight we went a hunting and caught the fifth fish who was a male we cut the fat off and flung it into the Forecastle This is done when they are very busie in Whale catching that they may not lose time then they cut great pieces off of the Whale that they may have done the sooner for it doth not harm the fat if it should lie so for several days nay some reckon it to be the better for it but that cannot be for the fat runs away from it On the 4th we had Sun-shine all day and night We still were Whale hunting and that night we got the sixth fish a male also he held 49 Kardels of fat On the 3d and 4th day of July we saw more Whales than we did in all our Voyage On the 5th of July in the forenoon it was bright Sun-shine and pretty warm in the afternoon it was foggy at night Sun-shine again which lasted all the night We hunted all that day long and in the morning we struck a Whale before the Weigatt this fish run round about under the water and so fastned the Line whereon our Harpoon was about a Rock so that the Harpoon lost its hold and that fish got away This Whale did blow the water so fiercely that one might hear it at a Leagues distance The same day about noon the wind south and Sun-shine we got the seventh fish which was a female and had 45 Kardels of fat this we cut also into the Hold and so we sailed from Weigatt a little toward the west before the Muscle-Harbour where we dropped our Anchor we were employed with cutting the great pieces of fat into lesser pieces to fill our Kardels with them in the mean while the wind turned to North-west and west and the single Anchor was dragg'd by the Ship so we dropped another and would have weigh'd up the former but our Cable broke the Anchor being fastned to a Rock On the 6th we had the same

the Men for I took the Mens Coats and put about the Women but the Men would not suffer them to keep the Coats long and themselves to be naked but took the Coats from the Women and put them about themselves I proffer'd them to exchange one of my Lads for one of theirs and they laughed but the Indian Lad would not go with me but hung back I gave to the Men Knives and Fish-hooks and to the Lads Jews-trumps and Pipes and to the Women Looking-glasses and Beads I did this to gain their loves and in hopes to have Trading with them for the future they refus'd Brandy Cape Froward is the southermost Land of the great Continent of America and it is very high Land on the back-side of it the Face is steep up of a Cliff of Rocks and it is blackish grey of a good height and deep Water very near it I sounded with my Boat close to it and had forty Fathom A Man may lay a Ship close to the face of the Cape for there is Water enough there is no Ground in the Channel at two hundred Fathoms and but little Tide or any ripling as I saw but a fair Channel to sail throughout of three Leagues broad from the North-shore to the South-shore It is best for a Ship to keep nearer the North-shore than the South-shore for the Winds are more generally of the Western Quarter Cape Froward in Magellan Streights lies in the Latitude of 53 d. 52 m. South And in Longitude West from the Lizard in England 68 d. 40 m. West And in Meridian distance in Leagues 1099. and two Miles West The Compass hath sixteen degrees of Variation Easterly at Cape Froward As to the Firlining Points I cannot say any thing I wanted a Needle November 4. 1670. I was in Wood's Bay called so by my Mate's Name November 5. I was abrest of Cape-Holland near which lies Cape Coventry and Andrew's Bay also Cordes and Fostcues Bay Cape and Port Gallant but for a more exact Situation of the several Promontories Bays Ports Rivulets Soundings c. I refer the Reader to the large Draught of the Magellan Streights drawn by my own Hand on the place A-brest of the Bay two Leagues off is the Island which I called Charles-Island and Monmouth-Island more to the West-ward is James-Island and Ruperts-Island and the Lord Arlingtons-Island and the Earl of Sandwich's-Island and Secretary Wren's Island this Reach I called English Reach a League more to the West-ward of Fostcues Bay is Cape-Gallant The Streight shews now as if there were no farther passage to the Westward for the South Land rounds up so much to the North-Westward that it shuts against the North-Land to a Man's sight At this distance I saw two large openings into the South-Land one opposite to Charles-Island the other more to the Westward up of the round South Bite there I saw many Whales spouting that place I called Whales-Bay I saw several Brant-geese and Ducks here I left in the Indians Houses Beads and Knives in hopes of further Commerce I saw on the South-side a Fire made in the Grass by the Natives From the pitch of Cape-Froward to the pitch of Cape-Holland the Streight lies in the Channel West and by North nearest and is distant full five Leagues and from the pitch of Cape-Holland to the pitch of Cape-Gallant the Streight lies in the Channel West and by North a little Northerly and is distant eight Leagues From the pitch of Cape-Gallant to a low Point three Leagues to the Westward the Streight lies in the Channel Northwest and by West a little Northerly This Reach is not more than two miles broad from the North-shore to the Islands which I called The Royal Isles when I was a-brest of the Westermost Island which I called Rupert's-Island I being on the middle of the Channel with the Ship shot off one of my Sakers with a shot and the shot lodged close to the Islands side This low Point a brest of Rupert's-Island on the North shore I called Point-Passage This Evening at six of the Clock I was shot past Point-Passage half a mile to the Westward of it having a fine Easterly gale Monday Noveomber 7. Cloudy gusts foggy Weather the Wind at West and sometimes at North-west I rode fast all day close aboard the shore This Afternoon I went in my Boat over to the South-side opposite to Elizabeth's-Bay at the Point called Whale-point for the many Whales spouting thereby I travelled up the Hills two miles but could not see any Gold or Metal the Land very irregular and Rocky with mossy kind of Grass growing on it and very boggy and rotten for I thrust down a Lance of sixteen feet long into the Ground with one hand very easily Here grow many Juniper Trees some of a foot throughout the Wood not very sweet Here I saw many brant-Geese and Ducks much Snow on the inland Mountains so as I could not travel any farther I returned down to the Boat again I saw where the Natives had been by the evening of the Grass but I could not have a sight of any Here are many good Muscles on the Rocks of five Inches long and good Fish in them and many seed Pearls in every Muscle Here are also large Limpets and Sea-eggs among the Rocks All the Ripling is not worth the taking notice of for it is but an hours time on both Tides Ebb and Floud when the Tide runs strong neither are the Tides any thing prejudicial to the Navigation of the Streight but rather advantagious to help to turn from Road to Road either way For I have had a benefit of them in plying from place to place The Weather indifferent this Afternoon I went a-shore after I had done Sounding but saw no People nor any Metal the Woods very thick and several Trees of the hot Bark the other Trees much like Beech-timber some Ducks and brant-Geese seen on the Shore-side The Streight in this Reach between Elizabeth's Bay and St. Jerom's River is about two Leagues broad and high Land on the South-side which hath several brave Coves on it like the Wet-dock at Deptford and safe to lay Ships in them from either much Wind or any Sea This Bay I called Muscle-Bay for in it there are many and great plenty of good Muscles The Shore-sides are rocky steep too in most places no Ground in the main Channel at an hundred Fathom also in the Bays on the South-side it is deep Water and small Islands lie in the Bays and close along the South-shore lie small Islands Here are many Whales and I saw many Penguins and some Seals The Shores are woody on both sides but ragged Timber and boggy Ground the tops of the Hills bare Rocks and irregular several streams of Snow-water run down in the Cliffs of the Hills two Leagues to the Westward of Elizabeth's-Bay On the North-shore the Land is low and woody near the Water-side and up of a Valley in

Flawes Commander being bound upon the Discovery with us At Eight at Night the Naz● Land boar West North about six Leagues we steered away North-east and North-north-east Monday May 29. The Wind at South-west and West-south-west a fresh Gale with Showers of Rain Course per Compass between the North-east and the North distance sailed by the Log 73 Miles true Course Protracted since last Night Eight a Clock to this Day Noon is North 28 d. East difference of Lat. 68 Miles and departure East from the Naze Land 36 Miles Lat. by Judgment as in the Margent Thick cloudy Weather Tuesday May 30. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from South-west to the South-east thick cloudy Weather and a fresh Gale Course per Compass North-north-west and North-west by North distance sailed by the Log 95 Miles true Course is North 28 d. West distance of Lat. 83 Miles departure West 45 Miles Lat. per Judgment Meridian distance West nine Miles Wednesday May 31. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with Calms and Rains Courses per Traverse true Course Protracted with all impediments allowed is North 43 d. West 60 Miles difference of Lat. 42. Miles departure West 40 Miles Lat. per Judgment 54 d. 13 m. Lat. by a good Observation at Noon 55 d. 30 m. at which time the Land between New-Castle and Berwick bore West about 8 or 9 Leagues Meridian distance Current from the bearing of the Land and the Lat. is 88 Miles 50 Fathom Water saw two Ships standing to the Southward but would not show their Colours Thursday June 1. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale from the West by South to the South-west Course per Compass between the North and the North-west distance sailed by the Log 76 Miles true Course Protracted is North 16 d. West Lat. by a good Observation 56 d. 41 m. departure West 21 Miles At nine in the Morning we gave Chase to a Scotch Fisherman and at Noon came up with her and bought some Fish of him at Noon a hard Gale steered away North being about seven or eight Leagues from the Land between Montross and Edenburgh we steered along the Course North by East till eight a Clock Friday June 2. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with fair Weather Course per Compass North distance sailed by the Log 117 Miles but by a good Observation 120 Miles Lat. 58 d. 41 m. Winds from the West-south-west to the South-west At two a Clock a great gust of Wind at North-west with Rain we hand our Top-sails and at three it blew a Storm of Wind we lay a Try under a Main-sail till ten a Clock then sent our Fore-sail Saturday June 3. From yesterday Noon to this day Noon true Course Protracted Leeward way and all impediments allowed is North East 42 Miles Lat. by a good Observation is 59 d. 23 m. Meridian distance from the Naze Land is 100 Miles at Noon saw a small Island called Foril lying to the South of Shetland bearing West-north-west about four Leagues in the Afternoon little Wind. Note that we found the Ship more to the Westward than expected being caused by a variation of 6 or 7 d. East Sunday June 4. This Forenoon little Wind with Calms till about 12 at Noon at which time sprung up a Gale West-north-west blowing very hard we ply to windward and turned into Brace-Sound and anchored in nine Fathom Water right against the Town called Lerwick here is the remains of a Fort that was built in the time of War with Holland but upon the Peace with the Hollanders it was demolished for fear any other Nation might come and take it and so keep it Saturday June 10. Rid still till Saturday seven a Clock at which time Weighed the Wind at South-west we took in a Pilot and sailed out through the North end of Brace Sound having three Fathom Water over the shallowest place Sunday June 11. At four in the Morning Scau bore West by North about six Leagues a fresh Gale at South-west hasey Weather From four in the Morning till twelve at Night Course North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 35 Miles true Course allowed from the bearing of the Land is North-east 41 Miles difference of Lat. 30 Miles Lat. by Judgment 61 d. 26 m. Meridian distance from Shetland 30 Miles East From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon a strong Gale at South-west West-south-west West and West-north-west Course per Compass North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 147 Miles difference of Lat. 135 Miles departure East 56 Miles Lat. by Judgment 63 d. 42 m. Meridian distance East 86 Miles thick cloudy Weather at Noon little Wind. Tuesday June 13. From yesterday Noon to this Day little Wind and variable with Calms from the North-west to North-north-east we ply to windward True Course Protracted all impediments allowed is North-north-east 23 Miles difference of Lat. 21 Miles North departure East 8 Miles Lat. by Judgment 64 d. 03 m. Meridian distance 94 Miles Lat. by a good Observation 64 d. 03 m. Wednesday June 14. From the 13. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with fresh Gales Rains and little Winds Course per Traverse between the North-east and the North distance sailed by the Log 92 Miles true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is North 18 d. difference of Lat. 81 Miles departure East 30 Miles Meridian distance 124 Miles Thursday June 15. From the 14. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with Calms from the West to the South-west Course per Compass North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 67 Miles true Course Protracted with allowance is North 22 ½ d. East difference of Lat. 62 Miles departure East 26 Miles Lat. per Judgment 66 d. 26 m. Meridian distance 150 Miles East At Noon broke our Main Topsail-Yard being rotten in the Slings thick hasey Weather Friday June 16. From the 15. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at West-north-west and West-south-west with Rains and thick Weather Course per Compass North-north-east and North-east by North distance sailed per Log 126 Miles true Course Protracted is North 30 d. East difference of Lat. 108 Miles departure East 63 Miles Lat per Judgment 68 d. 14 m. Meridian distance 223 Miles Saturday June 17. From the 16. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at West-north-west and West with Rain and cloudy Weather Course per Compass North-east distance sailed by the Log 127 Miles difference of Lat. 90 Miles departure East 90 Miles Lat per Judgment 69 d. 48 m. Meridian distance 303 Miles but by a good Observation at Noon Lat. 69 d. 53 m. difference of Lat. between the Dead Reckoning and Observation is 9 Miles which imputed to a westerly variation which is found by an Azimuth 7 d. Meridian distance Corrected is 300 Miles fair Weather Sunday June 18. From the 17. Noon to this day Noon the Wind from West-north-west to the

great Fogs from the South-south-east to the West-north-west Course per Compass between the South-west and the West distance sailed by the Log 91 Miles true Course Protracted is South-west by South 87 Miles difference of Lat. 76 Miles departure 43 Miles Lat. per Judgment 73 d. 08 m. Meridian distance 625 Miles At Noon no ground with 160 Fathom Lines Monday July 24. From the 23. Noon to this Day Noon little Winds and variable with Calms true Course allowed is South-south-west ¾ West 22 Miles distance of Lat. 18 Miles departure 11 Miles Lat per Judgment 72 d. 50 m. Meridian distance 636 Miles Tuesday July 25. From the 24. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable with fresh Gales from North by West to the East with Fogs Course between the West-south-west and South-west distance sailed by the Log 88 Miles true Course allowed for 9 d. variation is South-west ½ Westerly distance of Lat. 54 Miles departure 69 Miles Lat. per Judgment 71 d. 56 m. Meridian distance 705 Miles Wednesday July 26. From the 25. Noon to this day Noon the Wind variable from the East by North to the South with thick Fogs Distance sailed by the Log 73 Miles Course per Compass between the South-west by West and West-north-west true Course Protracted is West ½ South distance of Lat. 7 Miles departure 67 Miles Thursday July 27. From the 26. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds from the South to the South-west with great Fogs Distance sailed by the Log 68 Miles true Course allowed West ½ South difference of Lat. 7 Miles departure 62 Miles West Friday July 28. From the 27. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind from the South-south-west to the South-east Course per Compass between the West by North and the South-west close upon a Wind distance sailed by the Log 85 Miles true Course Protracted is South-west by West ¼ 80 Miles distance of Latitude 46 Miles South departure 64 Miles West thick Fogs with small Rain Saturday July 29. From the 28. Noon to this Day Noon much Wind from the South to the South-west we tryed under a Main-sail three Watches true Course allowed is West 15 Miles Sunday July 30. From the 29. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from South-east to the South and so to the North-west with sudden gusts with much Rain then little Wind at 8 this Morning much Wind at North-west true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is South-south-west 66 Miles distance of Lat. 60 Miles departure 25 Miles Monday July 31. From the 30. Noon to this Day Noon much Wind at North-west with Rain Course per Compass South-west by South and South-west distance sailed by the Log 104 Miles true Course allowed for Leeward-way and variation South by West ½ West difference of Lat. 103 Miles departure 11 Miles Lat. per Dead Reckoning 68 d. 13 m. but by Observation 68 d. 00●●m departure accordingly Corrected 15 Miles Meridian distance 953 Miles Tuesday August 1. From the 31. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from the North-west to the South-west by West distance sailed by the Log 80 Miles we ply to Windward true Course Protracted variation and Leeward-way allowed distance West-south-west difference of Lat. 72 Miles departure 51 Miles thick cloudy Weather with some small Rains and Fogs Wednesday August 2. From the 1. Noon to this Day Noon from the South by West to the South-west thick Fogs Course per Compass between the West by South and the West-north-west distance sailed by the Log 51 Miles true Course allowed is West by North difference of Lat. 12 Miles departure 49 Miles Lat. per Judgment 67 d. 50 m. but by a good Observation Lat. 67 d. 55 m. at Noon clear Weather Thursday August 3. From the 2. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind from the West to the South-south-west with Fogs and Rains Course per Traverse we ply to Windward true Course Protracted is South-south-west distance of Lat. 21 Miles departure 10 Miles at Night much Wind at South we lay under a Main-sail Friday August 4. From 8 at Night to this Day Noon a Storm of Wind at South and S. S. W. True Course Drist and all impediments allowed is North-west by North ¼ West difference of Lat. 18 Miles depareture 16 Miles at Noon less Wind we set our Fore-sail Saturday August 5. From the 4. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind from the West by South to the North-west a very cold Strom true Course allowed is South by East difference of Lat. 75 Miles departure 15 Miles in the Afternoon little Wind. Sunday August 6. From the 5. Noon to this Day Noon fresh Gales and little Wind from the West-north-west to the West-south-west True Course allowed South ¼ East distance of Lat. 67 Miles departure 8 Miles Monday August 7. From the 6. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind at South and South-west sometimes much Wind and then Calm again True Course allowed per Judgment is West-north-west ¼ North 53 Miles difference of Lat. 22 Miles departure West 47 Miles at Noon the Wind came about to the West-north-west much Wind and at 8 it blew a Strom at Northwest Tuesday August 8. From yesterday 8 at Night to this Day Noon a Strom of Wind at North-west we run away with our Fore-sail Reeft Course per Compass South-south-west distance sailed by the Log 116 Miles true Course allowed is South distance of Lat. 107. Miles departure West 5 Miles Wednesday August 9. At 3 in the Morning a fresh Gale saw many Willocks and other Sea-Fowls and at 5 we saw the Land East-south-east from us being high Land and making like Islands being the Isles of Fero. At Noon Lat. by a good Observation 61 d. 45 m. at which time the Westermost Island bore East about 8 Leagues off Distance sailed from yesterday Noon to this Day Noon 120 Miles true Course allowed South by West ¼ Westerly distance of Lat. 116 Miles departure 26 Miles Lat. per Judgment 62 d. 04 m. distance between the Dead Lat. and the observed Lat. 20 Miles so that the Ship is 20 Miles more Southerly and consequently more Westerly Meridian distance 1129 Miles but by Correction 1136 Miles we saw a small Vessel and gave chase to her but she made from us Thursday August 10. From the 9. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at North-west Course between the South and East-south-east to get clear of the Islands in the Night distance sailed by the Log 102 Miles true Course Protracted is South-east by East ¼ South distance of Lat. 58 Miles departure 76 Miles spoke with the Ship we saw yesterday being a Lyn Man come from the Island Friday August 11. From the 10. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind at North-north-west Course per Compass South-east by east distance sailed by the Log 83 Miles at Noon the Island Foule bore North-east by East about 3 Leagues off the Wind came about at South Saturday August 12. From the 11. Noon to this

again the Sea was tempestuous and tossed our Ship very much The 3d of May was cold snowy with hail and misty Sun-shine the wind North-west and by west the Sun set no more we saw it as well by night as by day The fourth we had snow hail and gloomy Sun-shine with cold weather but not excessive the wind at North-west the weather every day unconstant Here we saw abundance of Seales they jump'd out of the water before the Ship and which was strange they would stand half out of the water and as it were dance together The 5th-in the forenoon it was moderately cold and Sun-shine but toward noon darkish and cloudy with snow and great frost the wind North-west and by North. We saw daily many Ships failing about the Ice I observed that as they passed by one another they haled one another crying Holla and asked each other how many fish they had caught but they would not stick sometimes to tell more then they had When it was windy that they could not hear one another they waved their Hats to signifie the number caught But when they have their full Fraight of Whales they put up their great Flag as a sign thereof then if any hath a Message to be sent he delivers it to them as you may see in the Plate A by A. The 7th we had moderate frost clouds and snow with rain In the evening we sailed to the Ice the wind was quite contrary to us and the Ice too small wherefore we sailed from it In the afternoon we saw Spitzbergen the South point of the North-foreland we supposed it the true Harbour The Land appeared like a dark Cloud full of white streeks we turned to the West again that is according to the Compass which is al 's to be understood of the Ice and Harbour The 9th was the same weather and cold as before the Wind South-west and by west In the afternoon a Fin-fish swam by our Ship which we took at first to be a Whale before we saw the high fins of his tail and came near to it We had let down our Sloop from the Ship but that labour was lost for he was not worth taking From the 25th of April to this day we had not taken the Sun's altitude we were then in 70 degrees and 3 minutes and sailed towards the North and the Ice It may seem strange that we so often sailed to the Ice and from it again but I shall give you a reason for that hereafter The12th it was stormy and excessive cold the wind North and we had the greatest frosts in this Month of May. On the 14th the wind was North-west fine weather with Sun-shine we were within 75 degrees and 22 minutes We told twenty Ships about us the Sea was very even and we hardly felt any wind yet it was very cold In this place the Sea becomes smooth presently again after a storm chiefly when the wind blows from the Ice but when it blows off the Sea it always makes a great Sea The same day we saw a Whale not far off from our Ship we put out four Boats from on board after him but this labour was also in vain for he run under water and saw him no more On the 19th we had a dull Sun-shine the wind was North and it was so calm that we could hardly feel it we rowed in the Ship-boat to the Ice and killed two Sea-hounds or Seales there were so many of them on the Ice that they could not be numbred On the 20th it was exceeding cold so that the very Sea was all frozen over yet it was so calm and still that we could hardly perceive the wind which was North there were nine Ships in our Company which sailed about the Ice we found still the longer we sailed the bigger the Ice On the 30th it was fair weather in the morning snowy about noon the wind was Southwest and very calm We rowed in the great Sloop before the Ship farther into the Ice In the morning we heard a Whale blow when the Sun was in the East and brought the Whale to the Ship when the Sun was at South-west and by east the same day we cut the Fat from it and filled with it 70 Barrels which they call Kardels By this fish we found abundance of Birds most of them were Mallemucks that is to say foolish Gnats which were so greedy of their food that we kill'd them with sticks This fish was found out by the Birds for we saw every where by them in the Sea where the Whale had been for he was wounded by an Harping Iron that stuck still in his flesh and he had also spent himself with hard swimming he blowed also very hollow he stank alive and the birds fed upon him This Whale fermented when it was dead and the steam that came from it inflamed our eyes and made them sore See Tab. A at a. This same night Cornelius Seaman lost his Ship by the squeezing and crushing together of the Ice for in this place are very great Sheets or Islands of Ice and the Seamen call it West-Ice because it lieth towards the West as you may see in the Plate B marked with b. On the 2d of June we had a severe frost in the forenoon and in the night we saw the Moon very pale as it used to look in the day time in our Country with clear Sun-shine whereupon followed mist and snow the wind North-east and by north In the morning June the 4th we were a hunting again after a Whale and we came so near unto one that the Harponier was just a going to fling his Harpoon into her but she sunk down behind and held her head out of the water and so sunk down like a stone as is to be seen by d on the cut A and we saw her no more it was very like that the great Ice-field was full of holes in the middle so that the Whale could fetch breath underneath the Ice A great many more Ships lay about this sheet of Ice one hunted the Whales to the other and so they were frighted and became very shy So one gets as many fishes as the other and sometimes they all get one We were there several times a hunting that very day and yet we got never a one On the 8th it was foggy and snowed all day we saw that day very many Sea-dogs or Seales on the Ice about the Sea-side so we set out a Boat and killed 15 of them On the 12th it was cold and stormy all day at night Sun-shine he that takes not exact notice knows no difference whether it by day or night On the 13th in the afternoon it was windy and foggy we were in 77 degrees we sailed along by the Ice somewhat easterly towards Spitzbergen as is to be seen in the Cut A at e. That night we saw more then 20 Whales that run one after another towards the Ice out of them we got

the Land as if it were in a River As soon as this Ice is drove thither by the winds the Ships must give way or go into the Harbour until the Winds have blown or driven the Ice away or else they are lost but if there be other Ships that escape the men are saved On this Ice I did not see many Sea-hounds but a great many Sea-horses and many Birds and Fowl We failed still on till we saw the Seven Islands but could go no farther CHAP. IV. Of the AIR THE Frost is unconstant in our Country but it is not so in Spitzbergen In the Month of April at 71 degrees it was so cold that we could hardly keep warmth within us They say that in this Month as also in May the hardest Frosts happen every year All the Rigging by reason of its being wet is covered over with Ice and stiff They do not send their Ships so soon as they did a few years ago and yet they come time enough there for if they arrive too early there is nothing for them to do because the Ice is not yet dissipated and therefore but few Whales to be seen In the two first Summer Months of Spitzbergen their Teeth chatter in their Heads commonly and the Appetite is greater than in any other Countreys The Sun sets no more after the third day of May and we were about 71 degrees when we could see as well by night as by day I cannot say much of constancy of the weather in these two first Months for it changed daily They say also if the Moon appears cloudy and misty with a streaky Sky that then there commonly follows a storm Whether the Moon doth prognosticate such storms I cannot tell because we have observed that after we have seen the Moon in a clear Sky the Air has grown foggy which happeneth often chiefly if the wind changes When the Hills show fiery it is from Foggs which after spread themselves every where and the Cold encreaseth These Foggs look blew like Indico and black afar off which upon changing of the Weather are driven along by the wind so that in less than half an hour the Sea is so covered with a thick Fogg that you can hardly see from one end of the Ship to the other On the 14th of May the Air was bright and clear and yet very cold we could see the Whales farther off in the Sea then usually at this time We could not distinguish the Air from the Sea for it shewed as if the Ships danced in the Air like naked Trees or P●●es After the same manner Spitzbergen looks at a distance like a Cloud the Mountains are so reflected by the Sea that he that knows not the Country very well cannot easily discern if from the Air and so other Countries very often appear The other three Months June July and August were very calm Concerning the Cold it is much according to the quality of the Winds so North and East winds cause very intense Frosts so that one can hardly keep alive especially if the wind blows hard West and South winds when somewhat constant cause much Snow and sometimes Rain also and moderate cold The other winds of the 32 according to the Compass whatever names they have are changed by the Clouds so that sometimes when the wind was Southwest and by South in one place at a few Miles distance there blows quite another wind What heat the Sun oftentimes affords we saw by our Eyes watering and the tears that ran continually down our Cheeks Yet this severe Cold is not always as is already mentioned for if it were how could any Herbs grow there Neither is there every year a constancy of winds or weather ruled by the Moon but an alteration as is in other places sometimes a milder and sometimes a severer Winter Skilful Ship masters and Harpooners commend those years for Whale catching that have not many foggy and cloudy days Whether according to the New and Full Moons the Spring-tydes happen cannot be known Such clear Skies as we have sometimes in a Summers day with pleasant curled Clouds I have not seen at Spitzbergen but on the contrary several dark and foggy ones Rising Thunder-clouds I have not seen nor ever heard of any body that had seen them Above the Ice the Air appears white from whence we know where the firm or fixed Ice lies as I have before observed in the Chapter of the Ice In the two last Summer Months chiefly in July before the Weigatt the Sun shin'd so warm that the Tarr of the Ship between the Seames where the wind could not come at it melted There is hardly any difference of Cold between Night and day yet at Night when the Sun shineth it seemeth to one that rightly considereth it as if it was only clear Moon-light so that you may look upon the Sun as well as you can upon the Moon so that thereby one may distinguish Night and Day from each other Increase of Cold and changing of the Compass we did not observe as far as we went It is also to be observed that the Frost doth not let a dead Body be consumed easily in the Ground as is already observed in the Chapter of the Description of Spitzbergen The second day of August in our Voyage homeward we observed the Sun first to set Concerning the Meteors generated in the Air I observed that the Rime fell down in the shape of small Needles of Snow into the Sea and covered it as if it was sprinkled all over with Dust these small Needles increased more and more and lay as they fell cross one over the other and looked very like a Cobweb they are formed by the cold of the Air and increased to that degree that the Sea seemed covered by them as with a Skin or a tender Ice which had the taste of Fresh-water as also the Sea-water that is taken up into the high Air is changed and falleth down again in sweet or fresh Rain This hapneth in clear Sun-shine and intense cold weather and it falleth down as the Dew doth with us at Night invisibly in dull weather when the Sun doth not shine you cannot see this but you see it plainly if you look when the Sun shines towards a shady place for then it sparkles as bright as Diamonds shews like the Atoms in Sun-shine all day long it falleth in so small Particles that nothing sticks or hangs on your Cloaths of it to make them wet At Noon when the Sun shines very warm these small Needles melt in the Air and fall down insensibly like Dew Sometimes we see in our Country something a little like these small Needles which is what we call Rime and falleth from the Trees in Atoms like Dust This is small Snow and may be seen as well in the Shade as in the Sun These Needles ar not the Exhalation or Vapour that uses in cold Weather to stick to the Hair of Men and Beasts I must