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day_n clock_n minute_n moon_n 5,367 5 11.0020 5 false
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A75737 Speculum nauticum A looking-glasse for sea-men. Wherein they may behold, how by a small instrument, called the plain-scale, all nautical questions, and astronomical propositions, are very easily and demonstratively performed. First set down by John Aspley, student in physick, and practitioner of the mathematicks in London. The sixth edition. Whereunto are added, many new propositions in navigation and astronomy, and also a third book, shewing a new way of dialling. By H.P. and W.L. Aspley, John.; H. P.; W. L., 17th cent. 1662 (1662) Wing A4013; ESTC R229501 35,709 72

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to bring her self fourty leagues and two miles North and by East and 41 minutes East of the first ship Then to know what you have altered the latitude first take the distance LA and apply it unto the Scale of equall parts and you shall find it to be 80 leagues which is just 4 degrees which you have altered your latitude or Poles elevation which 4 degrees added unto the latitude you depar ed from it makes 51 degrees 56 min. for the latitude that your second Ship is in then take the distance LM and apply it to the Scale it gives 60 leagues then open your Compasses unto the distance of the middle latitude which is 40 deg 5● min. of the Chord and apply it unto the Table of longitudes and it gives 12 leagues and 2 miles and 62 parts to alter one degree of longitude in that Parallel Then set one foot of your Compasses in 12 leagues 2 miles and 62 parts and open the other to the beginning of the line and with that distance measure the line L M being 60 leagues and you shall find that it is contained there in four times and two thirds so the longitude is 4 degrees 40 minutes CHAP. XXI Of the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea aud of the Tides and how to find them in all places A generall Table for the Tides in all places The Moons age Hours and minutes to be added Hours and minutes to be added   The Moons age Hours and minutes to be added Hours and minutes to be added Daies Degrees Minutes   Daies Degrees Minutes 1 0 48   16 0 48 2 1 36   17 1 36 3 2 24   18 2 24 4 3 21   19 3 12 5 4 0   20 4 0 6 4 48   21 4 48 7 5 36   22 5 36 8 6 24   23 6 24 9 7 12   24 7 12 10 8 0   25 8 0 11 8 48   26 8 48 12 9 36   27 9 36 13 10 24   28 10 24 14 11 12   29 11 12 15 0 0   30 0 0 The use of the Table of the Tides FIrst it is to be understood that by the swift motion of the first Mover the Moon and all the rest of the Stars and Planets are turned about the World in four and twenty hours upon which swift motion of the Moon the daily motions of the Sea do depend which motion of the Sea falleth not out alwaies at one hour the reason thereof is because of the swift motion of the Moon in regard she goeth almost thirteen degrees in four and twenty hours and the Sun moveth scarce one degree which gives every day twelve degrees that the Moon cometh slower to any point in the Heaven than the Sun which twelve degrees makes fourty eight minutes of time for the difference of every full Sea according unto the middle motion of the Moon which difference is here set down in this Table for every day of the Moons age Therefore if you would know the full Sea at any place in the World first you must know at what hour it is full Sea at the new or full Moon which hours and minutes keep in mind then seek the age of the Moon as is before taught and with the number of her age enter this Table under the Title of the Moons age and having found her age in the Table against it you shall find the hours and minutes which are to be added unto the time that the Moon maketh full Sea in any place and the whole number of hours and minutes is the time that the Moon maketh full Sea in that place upon the day desired As for example I desire to know the full Sea at London Bridge upon the 13 of July 1624. the age of the Moon being found as before is eight daies then in the Table I find eight daies and against it 6 hours and 24 minutes which being added unto 3 hours the full Sea upon the change day gives 9 a clock 24 minutes for the time at the full Sea upon the 13 day of July 1624. THE SEA-MANS GLASSE The Second Book VVherein is declared the Definition of the Sphear a Description of the six great Circles and also of the four lesser Circles last of all certain Questions Astronomicall performed by the said Scale CHAP. I. Of a Sphear and the Circles thereof The figure of the plaine Scale A Sphear according to the Description of Theodosius is a certain solid Sup● ficies in whose middle is a Point from which all lines drawn unto the Circumference are equall which Poi●● is called the Center of the Sphear by which C●●●er a right Line being drawn and excending himself on either side unto that part of the Circumference whereupon the Sphear is turned is called Axis Spherae or the Axle-tree of the World A Sphear accidentally is divided into two parts that is to say in Sphaeram rectam Sphaeram obliquam Sphaera recta or a right Sphear is onely unto those that dwell under the Equinoctiall Quibus neuter Polorum magis altero elevatur that is to whom neither of the Poles of the World are seen but lie hid in the Horizon Sphaera obliqua or an oblique Sphear is unto those that inhabit on either side of the Equinoctial unto whom one of the Poles is ever seen and the other hid under the Horizon The Circles whereupon the Sphear is composed are divided into two sorts that is to say in Circulos majores minores Circuli majores or the greater Circles are those that divide the Sphear into two equall parts and they are in number six viz. the Equinoctial the middle of the Zodiack or the Ecliptique line the two Colures the Meridian and the Horizon Minores vero Circuli or the lesser Circles are such as divide the Sphear into two parts unequally and they are four in number as the Tropick of Cancer the Tropick of Capricorn the Circle Artike and the Circle Antartike CHAP. II. Of the six greater Circles I. THE Equinoctial is a Circle that crosseth the Poles of the World at right Angles and divideth the Sphear into two equall parts and is called the Equinoctial because when the Sun cometh unto it which is twice in the year viz. In principio Arietis Librae that is in March and September the daies and nights are equal thoroughout the whole World whereupon it is called Equator diei noctis the equall proportioner of the day and night artificiall and in the figure is described by the line CAE II. The Meridian is a great Circle passing thorow the Poles of the World and the Poles of the Horizon or Zenith point over our heads and is so called because that in any time of the year or in any place of the World when the Sun by the motion of the Heavens cometh unto that Circle it is noon or twelve of the Clock And it is to be understood that all Towns and places that lie East and VVest
side and unto P on the other side then draw the Line VP cutting the Ecliptick KO in the point R then from R draw the Line MRN parallel unto the Equinoctial IAH and cutting the Quadrant BC in the point M. So shall the arke MI be the declination of the Sun desired which being applyed unto your Scale gives you 14 deg and 52 minutes CHAP. X. The elevation of the Pole and declination of the sun given to find his height in the vertical Circle The Pole is elevated 51 degrees 32 minutes the declination of the sun is 14 degrees 52 minutes North his height in the Verticall Circle is found as followeth FIrst according unto the former Chapter draw the Circle BCDE then the Horizon BAD and after the verticall line CAE then the Axis of the World FG and likewise the Equator IAH this being done place the declination of the Sun 14 degrees 52 minutes upon the Circle from I unto M and also from H unto N then draw the line MN cutting the line CAE in S then from S draw the line SVV parallel unto the Horizon BAD cutting the Meridian Circle BCDE in VV so shall the distance DVV be the height of the Sun in the vertical Circle for the time demanded which by this proposition is found to be 19 degrees and 8 minutes CHAP. XI The elevation of the Pole and the Amplitude of the sun being given to find the declination The elevation of the Pole is 51 degrees 32 minutes the suns amplitude is 24 degrees 21 minutes the declination is found as followeth FIrst as in the eight demonstration upon the Center A draw the Circle BCDE then draw the Line BAD representing the Horizon dividing the circle into two equall parts then draw the Line CAE perpendicular to BAD representing the East and VVest points of the Compasse then placing the elevation of the Pole 51 degrees and 32 minutes from D unto F from F by the center A draw the Line FAG which let be the Pole or Axletree of the world then from B unto I and from D unto H set the complement of the Poles elevation which shall represent the Equinoctiall in regard it maketh right Angles with the Pole of the world in the center A. Then from C unto V place the amplitude of the Sun which is 24 degrees and 21 minutes then from V let fall the perpendicular VT cutting the Horizon BAD in the point T then from the point T draw the Line MTN parallel unto the Equinoctiall IAH and cutting the Circle BCDE in the points M and N so shall the distance M or HN be the declination of the Sun which was desired which being applied unto your Scale gives you fourteen degrees and fifty two minutes CHAP. XII The elevation of the Pole the declination of the Sun and hour of the day being given to find the Almicanter The elevation of the Pole is thirty degrees the declination of the Sun is twenty degrees North the hour is nine in the morning at which time the Almicanter is found as followeth BY the ninth demonstration first upon the Center A draw the Circle BCDE then draw the line BD for the Horizon then place your Poles elevation which is thirty degrees upon the Circle from D unto R then from R by the center A draw the Line RAS representing the Axis of the World then from B unto F place the complement of the Poles elevation which is ●0 degrees and from the point F by the Center A draw the line FAH representing the Equinoctial line and then set the declination of the Sun from F unto L and from L draw the Line LPO parallel unto the Equator FAH cutting the Axis of the World in the point P then set one foot of your Compasses in the point P and extend the other either unto L or unto O and with the same distance of your Compasses upon the Center P draw the circle LNOQ which is called the hour circle so shall L be the point of twelve a clock at noon N the place of six a clock after noon O the place of twelve a clock or midnight and Q the place of six a clock in the morning Every one of the four quarters must be divided into six equall parts or hours making the whole Circle to contain twenty four parts representing the twenty four hours of the day and night then in regard the hour of the day was nine of the clock which is three hours before noon take three of those twenty four hours and place them upon the circle LNOQ from the Meridian point L unto K the nine a clock point in the morning and unto M the point of three a clock after noon then draw the line MK cutting the parallel of the Sun LO in the point I then from I draw the line IG parallel unto the Horizon BAD which shall cut the Meridian Circle BCDE in the point G so shall the distance of G and B be the Almicanter the Sun which was desired which in this demonstration is found to be fourty eight degrees and eighteen minutes CHAP. XIII The elevation of the Pole the Almicanter and declination of the Sunne being given to finde the houre of the day The elevation of the Pole is thirty degrees the declination of the Sun is twentie degrees the Almicanter of the Sun is fortie eight degrees and eighteene minutes the houre of the day is found as followeth FIrst as in the ninth demonstration upon the Center A draw the Circle BCDE then draw the Diameter BD representing the Horizon then from D unto R set 30 degrees the elevation of the Pole then from R unto the point A draw the line RAS representing the Pole of the World then draw the line FAH crossing the Pole in A at right Angles cutting the Meridian circle in F then from F set twenty degrees the declination of ●he Sun unto L and then from the point L draw the line LPO representing the parallell of the Sun and cutting the Pole of the World in P then placing one foot of your Compasses in P extend the other unto L with which distance of your Compasses draw the hour Circle LNOQ then from the Horizon at B place the Suns Almicanter which is fortie eight degrees and eighteen minutes upon the Quadrant BGL from B unto G then from the point G draw the line G● parallel unto the Horizon BAD cutting the Line LO in I then from the point I draw the line KIM parallell to the Pole of the World QAN cutting the Circle LNO in M then let LN be divided into six houres whereof LM are there whereupon I conclude that is is three houres from noon that is at nine a clock in the morning or three in the after noon CHAP. XIV The Latitude of the place the Declination of the Sun and the Altitude of the Sun being given to finde the Hour of the day By a n●w way differing from that in the former Chapter