find_v it_o betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n we_o may_v without_o doubt_n think_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n if_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n circle_n and_o the_o polar_a it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o temperate_a if_o betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n itself_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o cold_a zone_n by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n it_o may_v be_v find_v this_o way_n seek_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v in_o the_o table_n which_o if_o it_o be_v less_o than_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scruple_n the_o place_n be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n if_o precise_o it_o be_v so_o much_o in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n the_o place_n assign_v be_v under_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o the_o torrid_a and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n but_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n it_o will_v be_v under_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n which_o end_v the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o begin_v 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of_o chief_a note_n as_o the_o tropic_n and_o polar_a circle_n but_o this_o indifferent_o respect_v all_o without_o difference_n this_o first_o beginning_n and_o measure_n as_o well_o of_o this_o as_o all_o other_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o equatour_n for_o that_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a in_o every_o kind_a aught_o to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o other_o but_o yet_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o although_o we_o begin_v our_o account_n of_o the_o climate_n from_o the_o equatour_n yet_o the_o equatour_n itself_o make_v no_o climate_n but_o only_o the_o parallel_n which_o be_v thereunto_o correspondent_a for_o as_o it_o be_v before_o show_v under_o the_o equatour_n itself_o the_o artificial_a day_n be_v all_o equal_a in_o length_n contain_v only_o twelve_o hour_n wherefore_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o three_o parallel_n we_o count_v the_o first_o climate_n from_o the_o three_o to_o the_o six_o the_o second_o 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rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n for_o as_o often_o as_o the_o long_a or_o solsticiall_a day_n of_o one_o place_n differ_v from_o the_o long_a day_n of_o another_o by_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n a_o new_a climate_n be_v place_v wherefore_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o day_n be_v always_o equal_a to_o wit_n of_o 12_o hour_n which_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n if_o we_o approach_v towards_o either_o pole_n so_o far_o as_o the_o great_a artificial_a day_n amount_v to_o 12_o ½_o we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o we_o be_v come_v to_o the_o first_o climate_n and_o so_o forward_o still_o the_o great_a day_n of_o our_o climate_n will_v by_o so_o much_o exceed_v the_o great_a day_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o climate_n differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o
yet_o may_v the_o rest_v compare_v among_o themselves_o be_v range_v in_o a_o certain_a order_n as_o the_o second_o third_z four_o five_o and_o so_o along_o till_o we_o come_v again_o to_o the_o first_o be_v in_o all_o reduce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 180_o answer_v to_o 360_o degree_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v so_o much_o for_o the_o meridian_n 11_o the_o parallel_n be_v equidistant_a circle_n pass_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n direct_o i_o have_v define_v the_o parallel_n circle_n in_o a_o large_a sense_n then_o former_a geographer_n usual_o have_v take_v it_o in_o as_o willing_a under_o this_o general_a name_n not_o only_o to_o include_v the_o parallel_n common_o so_o call_v but_o also_o the_o equatour_n because_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o equatour_n be_v every_o where_o equidistant_a from_o each_o other_o circle_n shall_v not_o suffer_v this_o acception_n the_o common_a sort_n of_o cosmographer_n under_o this_o name_n will_v only_o comprise_v the_o minor_a circle_n which_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v equal_o distant_a and_o correspondent_a to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n so_o that_o all_o shall_v be_v so_o call_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o equatour_n to_o who_o they_o be_v say_v to_o answer_v not_o in_o site_n and_o position_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o north_n and_o south_n but_o in_o comparison_n and_o proportion_n for_o as_o the_o equatour_n be_v draw_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o divide_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n hemisphere_n so_o the_o other_o also_o divide_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o not_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n as_o the_o equatour_n but_o unequal_a these_o parallel_n many_o way_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o meridian_n first_o because_o the_o meridian_n be_v draw_v direct_o from_o north_n to_o south_n but_o the_o parallel_n from_o east_n to_o west_n second_o the_o meridian_n how_o many_o soever_o they_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v concur_v and_o meet_v all_o in_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o the_o parallel_n howsoever_o draw_v out_o at_o length_n will_v never_o concur_v or_o meet_v in_o any_o point_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o all_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n in_o the_o globe_n must_v cut_v one_o the_o other_o and_o make_v right_a angle_n these_o parallel_n although_o infinite_a in_o number_n may_v be_v in_o the_o sphere_n reduce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o meridian_n because_o they_o be_v draw_v through_o the_o opposite_a point_n and_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n semicircle_n which_o will_v make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o 180_o but_o yet_o for_o conveniency_n they_o have_v not_o paint_v so_o many_o in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n for_o as_o much_o as_o so_o many_o line_n and_o circle_n may_v beget_v confusion_n wherefore_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_n have_v distinguish_v the_o parallel_n on_o both_o side_n the_o equator_fw-la north_n and_o south_n with_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o where_o the_o day_n shall_v increase_v one_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n a_o new_a parallel_n shall_v be_v place_v so_o that_o the_o long_a day_n of_o one_o parallel_n shall_v surpass_v the_o long_a day_n of_o another_o for_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n by_o which_o appear_v that_o the_o parallel_n be_v not_o of_o one_o greatness_n but_o by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v place_v so_o much_o less_o be_v they_o and_o so_o much_o great_a by_o how_o much_o far_o off_o from_o the_o pole_n and_o near_o the_o equatour_n these_o circle_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o geography_n as_o to_o distinguish_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o latitude_n of_o region_n to_o show_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o to_o design_n out_o the_o length_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o day_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 12_o a_o parallel_n circle_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o great_a or_o lesser_a the_o great_a be_v the_o equatour_n or_o equinoctial_a circle_n 13_o the_o equatour_n be_v the_o great_a of_o the_o parallel_n pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o exact_o divide_v they_o from_o the_o pole_n into_o two_o equal_a half_n or_o hemisphere_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v north_n the_o other_o south_n this_o circle_n be_v call_v the_o equatour_n or_o equinoctial_a of_o astronomer_n because_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n pass_v under_o it_o as_o upon_o the_o 11_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 13_o of_o september_n it_o make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n equal_a this_o circle_n of_o astronomer_n be_v esteem_v the_o most_o notable_a be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o diurnal_a and_o most_o regular_a motion_n the_o laâ—ines_n have_v take_v the_o name_n and_o appellation_n of_o this_o circle_n from_o the_o day_n as_o the_o greek_n from_o the_o night_n wherein_o the_o sense_n be_v no_o way_n vary_a because_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o day_n argue_v the_o like_a equality_n of_o the_o night_n the_o two_o pole_n of_o the_o circle_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o universal_a earth_n to_o wit_n the_o arctic_a or_o north-pole_n and_o the_o antarctic_a and_o southern_a pole_n whereof_o the_o former_a be_v always_o conspicuous_a in_o our_o horizon_n the_o other_o lie_v couch_v and_o hide_v from_o our_o sight_n it_o be_v call_v the_o articke-pole_n from_o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o little_a bear_n in_o the_o heaven_n near_o to_o the_o which_o it_o be_v situate_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o which_o the_o other_o be_v call_v antarctic_a it_o have_v manifold_a use_n in_o astronomy_n copious_o by_o astronomer_n and_o no_o less_o in_o geography_n for_o without_o this_o equinoctial_a circle_n no_o description_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v absolute_a &_o perfect_a neither_o any_o city_n or_o place_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n or_o map_n set_v in_o his_o due_a and_o proper_a place_n this_o equinoctial_a circle_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o the_o middlemost_a part_n almost_o of_o africa_n by_o ethiopia_n america_n and_o taprobana_n so_o that_o it_o exact_o divide_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o two_o half_n the_o northern_a and_o southern_a hemisphere_n so_o that_o these_o people_n which_o dwell_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v say_v to_o inhabit_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n because_o they_o incline_v neither_o to_o the_o north_n nor_o to_o the_o south_n have_v so_o much_o distance_n from_o the_o arctic_a antarticke-pole_n of_o the_o earth_n moreover_o by_o this_o circle_n as_o we_o will_v declare_v hereafter_o be_v note_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o east_n and_o west_n part_n of_o the_o sphere_n no_o way_n to_o be_v neglect_v of_o geographer_n 1_o concern_v the_o equatour_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v either_o the_o invention_n or_o the_o site_n and_o position_n the_o invention_n be_v either_o astronomical_a or_o magnetical_a the_o astronomical_a according_a to_o these_o rule_n 1_o the_o meridian_n be_v find_v out_o to_o find_v the_o equator_fw-la this_o be_v easy_o perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o former_a figure_n for_o therein_o the_o meridian_n line_n be_v find_v out_o as_o we_o have_v show_v let_v there_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o centre_n e_o of_o that_o circle_n the_o line_n ac_fw-la make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o say_a meridian_n which_o line_n ac_fw-la will_v be_v the_o true_a equatour_n and_o will_v point_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o true_a east_n and_o west_n as_o a_o the_o east_n and_o c_o the_o west_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o two_o line_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o meridian_n do_v divide_v and_o cut_v the_o whole_a horizon_n into_o two_o equal_a quadrant_n 2_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o time_n of_o either_o equinoctial_a in_o some_o horizontall_a plain_a in_o the_o sunshine_n let_v there_o be_v erect_v a_o gnomon_n then_o in_o the_o day_n time_n let_v there_o be_v note_v all_o the_o point_n by_o which_o the_o end_n or_o top_n of_o the_o shadow_n have_v pass_v for_o all_o those_o point_n in_o the_o time_n of_o equinoctial_a be_v in_o a_o right_a line_n because_o then_o the_o end_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o line_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinox_n in_o a_o herizontall_a plain_a this_o line_n will_v be_v the_o true_a equinoctiall-line_n the_o cause_n be_v give_v by_o clavius_n in_o gnomonicis_n lib._n 1._o prop._n 1._o corollar_n 2._o which_o depend_v on_o many_o geometrical_a and_o astronomical_a principle_n as_o too_o far_o from_o my_o purpose_n i_o omit_v 15_o the_o magnetical_a invention_n of_o the_o equatour_n be_v wrought_v by_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n according_a to_o this_o proposition_n 1_o wheresoever_o at_o any_o place_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a
the_o day_n at_o long_a be_v 17_o hour_n to_o these_o northern_a climate_n they_o oppose_v so_o many_o towards_o the_o south_n which_o they_o call_v anticlimate_n these_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v in_o ptolomiâ—s_n time_n be_v imaginary_a altogether_o because_o few_o or_o no_o place_n be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n beyond_o the_o line_n but_o to_o leave_v pâ—olomy_n and_o his_o old_a author_n and_o examine_v the_o industry_n of_o late_a geographer_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n to_o be_v twofold_a either_o unperfect_a wherein_o they_o number_v only_o 19_o climate_n or_o perfect_a wherein_o they_o account_v 46_o or_o 48_o of_o which_o 23_o or_o 24_o be_v northern_a and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o opposite_a part_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o south_n the_o perfect_a distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n be_v again_o as_o late_a writer_n speak_v either_o certain_a or_o uncertain_a the_o certain_a they_o call_v that_o wherein_o the_o climate_n be_v distinguish_v 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the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o right_a sphere_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n have_v the_o same_o accident_n these_o accident_n be_v chief_o four_o 1_o they_o enjoy_v a_o perpetual_a equinoctial_a have_v their_o day_n and_o night_n always_o equal_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o because_o the_o sun_n never_o swerve_v from_o his_o ecliptic_a have_v his_o course_n equal_o divide_v by_o the_o horizon_n 2_o with_o they_o all_o the_o star_n equal_o set_v and_o rise_v because_o all_o the_o parallel_n wherein_o the_o star_n make_v their_o diurnal_a revolution_n be_v equal_o cut_v of_o the_o horizon_n 3_o to_o they_o the_o sun_n be_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n vertical_a that_o be_v direct_o over_o their_o head_n and_o twice_o againein_o the_o year_n solstitial_a the_o former_a in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n the_o latter_a in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n which_o diverse_a proposition_n of_o the_o sun_n some_o late_a geographer_n have_v term_v four_o solstice_n two_o high_a and_o two_o low_a 4_o hence_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o they_o yearly_o enjoy_v two_o winter_n and_o two_o summer_n likewise_o two_o spring_n and_o two_o autumn_n their_o summer_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v to_o they_o vertical_a their_o winter_n when_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o either_o of_o the_o tropic_n their_o spring_n and_o autumn_n while_o the_o sun_n be_v pass_v through_o the_o middle_a space_n betwixt_o both_o 5_o the_o people_n inhabit_v a_o oblique_a sphere_n be_v such_o who_o horizon_n be_v oblique_a the_o propriety_n belong_v unto_o they_o be_v either_o general_n or_o special_a 6_o the_o general_n be_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o all_o those_o which_o inhabit_v a_o oblique_a sphere_n 1_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n agree_v in_o two_o propriety_n these_o two_o propriety_n wherein_o they_o agree_v be_v these_o 1_o to_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n without_o the_o equatour_n under_o what_o parallel_n soever_o the_o day_n 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zenith_n be_v betwixt_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o one_o of_o the_o tropicke_n even_o unto_o the_o 23._o degree_n 30._o scruple_n of_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o such_o a_o sort_n towards_o the_o north_n betwixt_o the_o line_n and_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n be_v place_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o zeilan_n the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n hispaniola_n guinea_n nubia_n with_o some_o part_n of_o arabia_n foelix_fw-la and_o all_o other_o place_n betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n in_o the_o torride_a zone_n towards_o the_o south_n in_o the_o same_o latitude_n be_v place_v the_o brasilian_n the_o perwians_n the_o javans_n with_o many_o other_o the_o accident_n which_o happen_v unto_o these_o nation_n be_v these_o 1._o they_o may_v see_v all_o the_o star_n except_o a_o few_o which_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n 2._o their_o day_n and_o night_n be_v somewhat_o unequal_a so_o that_o their_o long_a day_n or_o long_a night_n be_v not_o always_o of_o the_o same_o quantity_n 3._o twice_o in_o the_o year_n they_o have_v the_o sunne-verticall_a but_o without_o the_o equatour_n 4._o they_o have_v two_o summer_n and_o two_o winter_n but_o not_o equal_o temper_v 5._o the_o length_n of_o their_o long_a day_n reach_v to_o 13._o ½_o hour_n the_o second_o sort_n be_v such_o as_o inhabit_v under_o the_o tropic_n itself_o who_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v 23._o degree_n 30_o scruple_n under_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n be_v place_v a_o great_a part_n of_o arabia_n foelix_fw-la east_n india_n the_o southern_a part_n of_o china_n the_o high_a part_n of_o egypt_n and_o see_z under_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n be_v place_v the_o people_n of_o monomotapa_n and_o madagascar_n with_o other_o place_n the_o accident_n belong_v unto_o they_o be_v these_o 1._o to_o they_o appear_v all_o the_o star_n comprehend_v in_o one_o of_o the_o circle_n but_o none_o of_o the_o other_o as_o for_o example_n to_o those_o inhabit_v the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n the_o star_n include_v within_o the_o arctic_a circle_n always_o appear_v but_o never_o those_o which_o be_v in_o the_o antarcticke_a likewise_o to_o those_o which_o dwell_v under_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n all_o the_o star_n appear_v which_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o antarctic_a circle_n but_o none_o of_o those_o include_v within_o the_o arctic_a circle_n 2._o by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o sun_n approach_v to_o their_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n by_o so_o much_o be_v their_o day_n lengthen_v and_o by_o how_o much_o far_o it_o go_v off_o by_o so_o much_o be_v they_o shorten_v so_o that_o they_o enjoy_v then_o their_o long_a day_n when_o the_o sun_n direct_o pass_v by_o their_o zenith_n 3._o to_o they_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a but_o once_o in_o the_o year_n to_o wit_n to_o those_o under_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n when_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o the_o sign_n as_o to_o the_o 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sun_n at_o noonetide_n be_v always_o on_o the_o south_n of_o those_o which_o dwell_v under_o the_o arctic_a circle_n except_o it_o be_v in_o the_o summer_n tropic_n when_o it_o be_v the_o midnight_n or_o northern_a point_n likewise_o to_o those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o antarcticke_a circle_n the_o sun_n at_o noon_n be_v always_o on_o the_o north_n side_n except_o under_o the_o winter_n tropic_n 5._o they_o have_v in_o the_o year_n one_o winter_n and_o one_o summer_n but_o the_o winter_n far_o cold_o and_o the_o summer_n slack_a than_o in_o the_o forename_a place_n the_o five_o and_o last_o habitation_n be_v of_o those_o which_o be_v include_v betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n itself_o from_o 66._o degree_n and_o 30._o minute_n of_o elevation_n to_o 90._o in_o which_o tract_n little_a be_v discover_v northward_o and_o in_o the_o south_n climate_n nothing_o at_o all_o the_o special_a accident_n appertain_v to_o they_o be_v these_o 1._o with_o they_o a_o few_o star_n 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all_o the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o all_o the_o other_o star_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o wheel_n 4._o the_o equatour_n serve_v in_o place_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o equatour_n be_v every_o where_o equidistant_a from_o the_o pole_n 5._o they_o have_v one_o winter_n and_o one_o summer_n the_o former_a exceed_a cold_a the_o latter_a less_o warm_a than_o we_o 9_o the_o second_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v from_o their_o noone-shaddowe_n the_o sun_n in_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n diverse_o spread_v his_o shadow_n because_o the_o gnomon_n or_o opacous_a body_n by_o which_o the_o shadow_n be_v make_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o diverse_a place_n diverse_o oppose_v or_o object_v to_o the_o sun_n for_o whereas_o the_o sun_n so_o run_v in_o his_o ecliptic_a circle_n betwixt_o the_o two_o pole_n that_o though_o his_o passage_n be_v in_o a_o oblique_a circle_n yet_o he_o never_o come_v so_o far_o as_o the_o pole_n themselves_o it_o necessary_o must_v be_v that_o sometime_o he_o shall_v shoot_v forth_o his_o beam_n perpendicular_o as_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o a_o place_n sometime_o oblique_o as_o when_o he_o decline_v either_o one_o way_n or_o other_o from_o the_o vertical_a point_n sometime_o in_o parallel_n wise_a for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o sun_n cleave_v as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o horizon_n cast_v out_o his_o beam_n parallel_v and_o equidistant_a to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n the_o right_a or_o perpendicular_a beam_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o right_a angle_n be_v turn_v and_o reflect_v into_o themselves_o and_o so_o make_v no_o shadow_n at_o all_o but_o the_o oblique_a beam_n in_o that_o they_o be_v not_o reflect_v into_o themselves_o must_v of_o necessity_n produce_v shadow_n yet_o in_o diverse_a manner_n for_o those_o sunbeam_n which_o 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which_o the_o sun_n cast_v forth_o at_o noon_n according_a to_o this_o manner_n 10._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v either_o amphiscij_fw-la heteroscij_fw-la or_o periscij_fw-la the_o amphiscij_fw-la be_v those_o who_o noone-shaddowe_n but_o at_o diverse_a time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v â—ast_v both_o way_n that_o be_v to_o say_v north_n and_o south_n amphiscij_fw-la signify_v as_o much_o as_o people_n of_o a_o double_a shadow_n such_o be_v they_o which_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o tropicke_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n equal_v not_o 24._o degree_n these_o man_n have_v the_o sun_n twice_o every_o year_n in_o their_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n and_o then_o they_o make_v no_o shadow_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v call_v ascij_fw-la or_o without_o shadow_n but_o when_o the_o sun_n pass_v from_o their_o vertical_a point_n towards_o the_o northern_a sign_n then_o at_o noon_n it_o will_v cast_v the_o shadow_n towards_o the_o southern_a coast_n but_o contrariwise_o come_v from_o the_o zenith_n towards_o the_o southern_a sign_n the_o shadow_n will_v be_v dart_v towards_o the_o north_n which_o be_v evident_a out_o of_o the_o optic_a principle_n because_o the_o shadow_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v opposite_a in_o place_n to_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o gnomon_n or_o dark_a body_n interpose_v 11._o the_o heteroscij_fw-la be_v those_o who_o noone-shaddowe_n turn_v only_o one_o way_n that_o be_v either_o towards_o the_o north_n or_o towards_o the_o south_n these_o nation_n inhabit_v in_o a_o temperate_a zone_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n whereas_o such_o as_o dwell_v in_o the_o temperate_a towards_o the_o north_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n arctic_n have_v their_o noone-shaddowe_n cast_v northward_o but_o those_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o equatour_n dwell_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarcticke_a circle_n cast_v their_o shadow_n southward_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v grecian_n italian_n french_a spaniard_n german_n polonian_n suedians_n dane_n english_a and_o the_o rest_n inhabit_v our_o temperate_a zone_n which_o give_v occasion_n of_o that_o speech_n of_o lucan_n the_o poet_n concern_v the_o arabian_n come_v into_o thessaly_n in_o the_o war_n of_o hannibal_n and_o pompey_n ignotum_fw-la vobis_fw-la arâ—bes_fw-la venistis_fw-la in_o orbem_fw-la umbras_fw-la mirati_fw-la nemorum_fw-la non_fw-la ire_n sinistras_fw-la you_o be_v come_v arabian_n to_o a_o unknown_a land_n wonder_v the_o shade_n never_o take_v the_o southward_n hand_n which_o verse_n be_v in_o this_o sense_n to_o be_v understand_v poet_n be_v say_v to_o look_v and_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o west_n so_o that_o the_o south_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v count_v the_o left_a side_n now_o the_o
part_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o such_o as_o dwell_v direct_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n although_o they_o may_v be_v antipode_n agree_v not_o to_o that_o definition_n by_o reason_n the_o former_a be_v antipode_n only_o in_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o equatour_n the_o other_o of_o the_o meridian_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o antipode_n or_o no_o be_v make_v a_o question_n among_o the_o ancient_n in_o so_o much_o that_o saint_n augustine_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la and_o lactantius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o institution_n seem_v stiff_o to_o defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o opinion_n be_v suppose_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o their_o contempt_n or_o neglect_n of_o mathematical_a study_n in_o those_o age_n wherein_o the_o zeal_n to_o religion_n be_v most_o unnecessary_o oppose_v to_o philosophy_n and_o the_o mistress_n forsake_v of_o her_o best_a handmaiden_n which_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v so_o far_o derive_v to_o posterity_n that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o saviour_n 745_o one_o boniface_n bishop_n of_o man_n be_v accuse_v before_o the_o pope_n zachary_n virgilius_n bishop_n of_o salisburg_n for_o heresy_n in_o that_o he_o aver_v there_o be_v antipode_n the_o matter_n be_v first_o prefer_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o a_o appeal_v make_v unto_o the_o pope_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o honest_a bishop_n for_o this_o assertion_n be_v flat_o condemn_v for_o heretical_a doctrine_n and_o enforce_v to_o recant_v his_o opinion_n yet_o be_v it_o wonderful_a how_o such_o matter_n be_v thus_o decide_v for_o grant_v these_o two_o easy_a ground_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a a_o proposition_n prove_v in_o their_o time_n 2_o that_o every_o place_n or_o at_o least_o two_o opposite_a place_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n may_v be_v habitable_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o such_o antipode_n must_v be_v grant_v which_o make_v i_o to_o imagine_v that_o 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be_v admit_v without_o grant_v another_o saviour_n and_o another_o kind_n of_o man_n beside_o adam_n posterity_n for_o if_o this_o conjecture_n have_v not_o take_v place_n the_o pope_n i_o suppose_v will_v never_o have_v prove_v himself_o so_o ridiculous_a a_o judge_n as_o to_o have_v condemn_v virgilius_n for_o heresy_n as_o for_o lactantius_n howsoever_o otherwise_o a_o pious_a eloquent_a father_n the_o weakness_n and_o childishness_n of_o his_o argument_n will_v to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n discover_v his_o ignorance_n in_o the_o very_a first_o rudiment_n of_o cosmographie_n here_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o far_o religion_n itself_o be_v wrong_v by_o such_o who_o set_v her_o opposite_a to_o all_o her_o servant_n but_o whatsoever_o the_o ancient_n out_o of_o their_o glimmer_a reason_n have_v conjecture_v our_o time_n have_v sufficient_o decide_v this_o controversy_n wherein_o such_o antipode_n be_v establish_v both_o by_o reason_n and_o experience_n which_o matâ—er_n we_o shall_v 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they_o dwell_v east_n and_o west_n in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o 3_o they_o have_v contrary_a time_n of_o day_n and_o night_n for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v his_o noon_n the_o other_o enjoy_v his_o midnight_n likewise_o when_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o one_o rise_v it_o set_v with_o the_o other_o 4_o they_o have_v the_o same_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n but_o differ_v by_o a_o semicircle_n to_o wit_n 180_o degree_n to_o the_o antoeci_n they_o have_v likewise_o assign_v 5_o propriety_n viz._n 1_o they_o inhabit_v the_o like_a zone_n but_o in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n because_o the_o one_o see_v the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o other_o the_o pole_n antarcticke_a equal_o raise_v above_o his_o horizon_n 3_o they_o have_v noon_n and_o midnight_n just_a at_o the_o same_o time_n 4_o they_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o heaven_n 5_o they_o have_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o southern_a antoeci_n have_v their_o summer_n the_o northern_a have_v their_o winter_n and_o contrariwise_o when_o the_o northern_a have_v their_o spring_n these_o have_v their_o autumn_n to_o the_o antipode_n they_o have_v allot_v 3_o propriety_n 1_o that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n though_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n and_o night_n 3_o they_o have_v all_o the_o other_o accident_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v night_n the_o other_o have_v day_n when_o one_o winter_n the_o other_o summer_n when_o the_o one_o the_o spring_n the_o other_o autumn_n and_o contrariwise_o these_o accident_n and_o propriety_n here_o mention_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n only_o the_o quality_n arise_v from_o diverse_a other_o accidental_a and_o particular_a cause_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v differre_fw-la unto_o our_o second_o part_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n according_a to_o certain_a space_n be_v former_o explain_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n according_a to_o certain_a distance_n 2_o a_o distance_n here_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v a_o direct_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o two_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n such_o a_o distance_n be_v twofold_a either_o simple_a or_o comparative_a 3_o the_o simple_a distance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o two_o great_a circle_n to_o wit_v the_o meridian_n or_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v either_o the_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n the_o division_n of_o distance_n into_o the_o simple_a or_o comparative_a be_v most_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n for_o a_o place_n absolute_o take_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v distant_a from_o some_o fix_a point_n or_o other_o in_o the_o globe_n another_o for_o two_o place_n to_o be_v compare_v betwixt_o themselves_o in_o regard_n of_o such_o a_o fix_a point_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a imply_v only_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o two_o point_n the_o other_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o such_o point_n or_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o three_o these_o point_n from_o which_o such_o point_n be_v say_v to_o be_v distant_a be_v either_o find_v in_o the_o meridian_n circle_n from_o which_o the_o distance_n be_v call_v longitude_n or_o else_o in_o the_o equatour_n whence_o we_o call_v it_o latitude_n 4_o the_o longitude_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n eastward_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n to_o understand_v the_o better_a the_o longitude_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v two_o way_n either_o general_o or_o special_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n stretch_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n
cause_v common_o two_o way_n either_o by_o contagion_n natural_o incident_a to_o diverse_a place_n or_o by_o hostile_a invasion_n and_o devastation_n of_o this_o latter_a arise_v two_o main_a effect_n the_o first_o be_v the_o want_n and_o scarcity_n of_o inhabitant_n which_o shall_v dress_v and_o manure_v the_o ground_n to_o make_v it_o more_o fruitful_a and_o accommodate_v to_o man_n use_n the_o second_o be_v their_o poverty_n and_o captivity_n whereof_o the_o one_o make_v they_o unable_a the_o second_o unwilling_a to_o effect_v any_o great_a matter_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o land_n a_o good_a instance_n whereof_o we_o may_v find_v in_o the_o land_n of_o palestine_n which_o in_o time_n pass_v by_o god_n himself_o be_v call_v a_o land_n flow_v with_o milk_n and_o honey_n for_o the_o admirable_a pleasantness_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n yet_o at_o this_o day_n if_o we_o will_v credit_v traveller_n report_v a_o most_o barren_a region_n devoid_a almost_o of_o all_o good_a commodity_n fit_a for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n in_o the_o ruin_n of_o which_o sometime_o famous_a kingdom_n every_o bleere-eyed_n judgement_n may_v easy_o read_v god_n curse_v long_o since_o denounce_v which_o strange_a alteration_n next_o unto_o god_n anger_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o hostile_a invasion_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n which_o have_v almost_o lâ—ft_a the_o land_n waste_n without_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n whence_o it_o can_v not_o choose_v in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o degenerate_a from_o the_o ancient_a fruitfulness_n the_o like_a may_v we_o find_v in_o all_o those_o miserable_a region_n which_o groan_n at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o usurp_a turk_n whence_o a_o proverb_n run_v currant_n among_o they_o that_o where_o the_o turk_n horse_n have_v once_o graze_v no_o grass_n will_v ever_o aftâ—r_o grow_v which_o signify_v no_o other_o than_o the_o barbarous_a manner_n of_o the_o turk_n have_v once_o conquer_v a_o land_n to_o lay_v it_o open_v ever_o after_o to_o devastation_n for_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n warlike_a man_n train_v up_o in_o martial_a discipline_n they_o little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o regard_n the_o use_n of_o husbandry_n whence_o in_o short_a time_n a_o country_n must_v needs_o turn_n wild_a and_o unfruitful_a to_o these_o cause_n we_o may_v add_v the_o influence_n of_o heavenly_a constellation_n which_o be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o time_n produce_v no_o small_a effect_n in_o the_o change_n and_o alteration_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o diverse_a alteration_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o be_v our_o second_o point_n we_o have_v referâ—â—ed_v to_o another_o place_n near_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n to_o which_o be_v proper_o appertain_v 3_o place_n have_v long_o continue_v without_o habitation_n be_v seldom_o so_o healthy_a and_o fit_a for_o dwell_v as_o those_o which_o have_v be_v inhabit_v this_o proposition_n i_o have_v know_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o experience_a navigator_n in_o so_o much_o as_o i_o presume_v few_o man_n can_v doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o who_o have_v either_o be_v a_o travaller_n himself_o into_o far_a country_n or_o at_o least_o have_v read_v other_o man_n discovery_n the_o only_a matter_n therefore_o we_o here_o intend_v be_v to_o produce_v certain_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o make_v a_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o effect_n and_o inquiry_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o first_o cause_n which_o i_o can_v allege_v be_v the_o industry_n of_o mankind_n inhabit_v any_o country_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a theorem_a out_o of_o which_o arise_v a_o twofold_a effect_n 1_o the_o improve_v of_o the_o soil_n by_o remove_v all_o such_o impediment_n as_o otherwise_o will_v prove_v noisome_a to_o mankind_n for_o whereas_o all_o thing_n grow_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n be_v suffer_v to_o rot_v into_o the_o ground_n in_o like_a manner_n what_o other_o can_v we_o expect_v but_o fen_n fog_n and_o noisome_a vapour_n altogether_o hurtful_a to_o the_o welfare_n and_o life_n of_o man_n 2_o the_o profit_n of_o man_n industry_n be_v no_o less_o apparent_a in_o manure_v the_o ground_n and_o open_v the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o diverse_a substance_n send_v forth_o many_o time_n certain_a hot_a fume_n and_o vapour_n which_o in_o many_o cold_a country_n mollify_v the_o usual_a rigour_n of_o the_o air_n which_o most_o offend_v the_o inhabitant_n this_o reason_n be_v give_v by_o my_o countryman_n captain_n whitborne_n for_o the_o extreme_a cold_a which_o some_o man_n profess_v themselves_o to_o have_v try_v in_o newfoundland_n which_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o many_o man_n description_n be_v know_v to_o lie_v far_o more_o south_n than_o england_n for_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n drive_v into_o the_o north_n part_n by_o the_o european_n who_o usual_o trade_n there_o for_o fish_n and_o they_o themselves_o live_v altogether_o on_o fish_n from_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o wild_a beast_n on_o the_o land_n as_o bear_n dear_a and_o such_o like_a without_o any_o manure_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o herbage_n the_o soil_n by_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n leave_v altogether_o unmanured_a so_o that_o neither_o the_o soil_n can_v be_v well_o cleanse_v from_o noisome_a vapour_n arise_v from_o the_o putrefaction_n of_o herbage_n rot_v as_o i_o say_v into_o the_o ground_n or_o leave_v free_a to_o send_v out_o such_o wholesome_a fume_n and_o vapour_n from_o its_o interior_a part_n which_o may_v warm_v the_o air_n and_o preserve_v mankind_n 3_o a_o three_o reason_n draw_v from_o man_n industry_n that_o those_o country_n which_o have_v enjoy_v inhabitant_n by_o the_o continual_a use_n of_o fire_n have_v their_o air_n more_o purge_v and_o refine_v from_o drossy_a and_o noisome_a vapour_n which_o usual_o arise_v out_o of_o a_o contagious_a soil_n daily_o infect_v by_o putrefaction_n for_o scarce_o any_o nation_n have_v be_v know_v so_o barbarous_a and_o ignorant_a which_o have_v not_o the_o invention_n and_o use_n of_o fire_n neither_o be_v any_o infection_n of_o the_o air_n so_o pestilent_a and_o opposite_a to_o humane_a constitution_n which_o the_o breath_n of_o fire_n will_v not_o in_o some_o sort_n dispel_v if_o any_o man_n object_n the_o distance_n of_o house_n and_o village_n wherein_o fire_n be_v use_v which_o seem_v to_o claim_v a_o small_a interest_n in_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n hang_v over_o a_o whole_a country_n let_v he_o well_o consider_v the_o quickness_n of_o motion_n and_o fluidity_n of_o the_o air_n pass_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o moment_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o and_o he_o may_v soon_o answer_v his_o own_o objection_n all_o those_o reason_n hitherto_o mention_v a_o inhabit_a region_n owe_v to_o man_n industry_n which_o we_o general_o touch_v in_o the_o precedent_n theorem_a the_o second_o cause_n which_o be_v as_o a_o consequent_a of_o habitation_n be_v the_o necessity_n of_o breathe_v of_o people_n live_v in_o any_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o may_v follow_v two_o effect_n 1_o a_o certain_a measure_n of_o heat_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n as_o we_o see_v in_o any_o room_n in_o a_o great_a throng_n of_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o breathe_n together_o in_o one_o place_n 2_o the_o assimilation_n of_o the_o air_n to_o humane_a body_n by_o a_o continual_a respiration_n these_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n may_v perhaps_o to_o common_a apprehension_n seem_v small_a and_o insensible_a but_o he_o that_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v requisite_a for_o a_o man_n respiration_n and_o the_o space_n and_o extent_n of_o motion_n together_o with_o the_o multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o a_o populous_a country_n will_v hold_v it_o no_o strange_a matter_n that_o the_o breathe_n of_o man_n shall_v breed_v such_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o strong_a build_v house_n be_v leave_v tenantlesse_a will_v soon_o fall_v into_o decay_n not_o so_o much_o for_o want_v of_o reparation_n as_o the_o foggy_a vapour_n and_o moisture_n cause_v by_o want_n of_o respiration_n the_o like_a whereof_o in_o some_o proportion_n may_v we_o imagine_v to_o be_v in_o a_o region_n want_v inhabitant_n and_o deprive_v of_o this_o benefit_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_n adjunct_n of_o place_n 1_o in_o a_o place_n topographical_o take_v two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o adjunct_n 2_o the_o description_n the_o adjunct_n be_v such_o propriety_n as_o agree_v to_o special_a place_n 2_o such_o adjunct_n agree_v to_o a_o place_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n those_o which_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o
stand_v with_o experience_n that_o in_o any_o water_n or_o sea_n where_o the_o flood_n be_v stop_v and_o hinder_v by_o quicksand_n it_o return_v with_o great_a force_n as_o it_o be_v enrage_v and_o swelâ—_n so_o much_o the_o high_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n it_o be_v liâ—ted_v up_o so_o high_a because_o the_o shore_n be_v so_o shallow_a and_o so_o short_a and_o expose_v to_o impediment_n that_o in_o the_o ebb_n the_o sea_n â—â—ns_v back_o many_o mile_n &_o leave_v the_o sandâ—_n uncover_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o return_v with_o great_a violence_n this_o also_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indian_a sea_n and_o near_o panama_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n where_o the_o sea_n run_v back_o for_o two_o league_n certain_a land_n and_o land_n be_v leave_v naked_a so_o that_o in_o these_o three_o sea_n here_o name_v the_o sea_n seem_v to_o enlarge_v its_o limit_n in_o breadth_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n to_o which_o we_o may_v ascribe_v this_o effect_n for_o the_o sea_n about_o europe_n we_o may_v pronounce_v also_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o have_v short_a &_o shallow_a shore_n as_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o belgia_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v of_o the_o english_a shore_n that_o they_o swell_v very_o high_a albeit_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 144_o foot_n here_o must_v we_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o other_o cause_n the_o flow_a of_o a_o large_a &_o wide_a sea_n into_o a_o narrow_a channel_n for_o the_o large_a torrent_n of_o water_n run_v swift_o into_o a_o narrow_a channel_n be_v hinder_v on_o both_o side_n by_o the_o shore_n from_o spread_v itself_o in_o breadth_n be_v enforce_v to_o swell_v in_o height_n so_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o greâ—t_a current_n enbosome_a itself_o into_o a_o streite_z channel_n which_o may_v more_o evident_o show_v itself_o in_o 3_o instance_n for_o in_o the_o streite_z channel_n of_o zealand_n and_o holland_n it_o be_v lift_v up_o about_o three_o foot_n at_o bristol_n in_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n run_v from_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o more_o narrow_a channel_n and_o second_v by_o the_o main_a ocean_n at_o the_o back_n it_o swell_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 60_o foot_n in_o the_o armorean_a sea_n where_o large_a sea_n be_v empty_v into_o more_o narrow_a streite_n then_o the_o former_a it_o increase_v to_o 90_o foot_n out_o of_o which_o experiment_n may_v we_o plain_o collect_v that_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n beside_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n two_o other_o cause_n be_v concur_v to_o wit_n the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o streitnesse_n of_o the_o channel_n wherein_o a_o great_a and_o large_a sea_n be_v to_o be_v exonerate_v this_o may_v last_o be_v far_a illustrate_v from_o the_o disparity_n of_o these_o sea_n with_o other_o for_o in_o the_o adriaticke_n egaan_n jonian_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o african_a seaâ—_n the_o sea_n seldom_o swell_v to_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n whereof_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o well_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o equality_n of_o thâ—_n shore_n for_o as_o the_o depth_n be_v a_o cause_n that_o sometime_o it_o flow_v not_o at_o all_o and_o the_o inequality_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o it_o flow_v high_a so_o a_o mean_a height_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o a_o more_o equal_a figuration_n of_o the_o coast_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o a_o indifferent_a work_n of_o the_o water_n hitherto_o we_o have_v show_v the_o variety_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n we_o be_v next_o to_o speak_v something_o concern_v the_o variation_n of_o it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o time_n which_o though_o it_o proper_o appertain_v not_o to_o geography_n yet_o be_o i_o loath_a to_o leave_v it_o out_o because_o the_o discourse_n be_v pleasant_a concern_v which_o point_n the_o mariner_n make_v six_o degree_n of_o change_n in_o the_o tide_n according_a to_o the_o time_n first_o diurnal_a whereof_o we_o speak_v in_o this_o discourse_n the_o second_o hebdomedary_n or_o weekly_o which_o possidonius_fw-la call_v monthly_o or_o weekly_o because_o it_o be_v distinguish_v by_o several_a week_n of_o a_o month_n but_o tarry_v not_o till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o month_n for_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n that_o a_o day_n before_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o day_n of_o conjunction_n and_o a_o day_n afterward_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o main_a ocean_n have_v their_o great_a flow_v and_o ebb_v be_v lift_v high_a and_o lay_v low_a down_o and_o then_o the_o tide_n be_v most_o swift_a the_o four_o day_n from_o the_o conjunction_n the_o tide_n be_v less_o and_o less_o swift_a the_o five_o yet_o less_o then_o then_o the_o former_a and_o the_o six_o day_n less_o than_o the_o five_o but_o in_o the_o seven_o day_n which_o be_v a_o day_n before_o the_o quarter_n and_o in_o the_o eight_o follow_v wherein_o it_o be_v halfe-faced_n and_o in_o the_o nine_o which_o be_v a_o day_n after_o the_o quarter_n the_o sea_n be_v as_o it_o be_v dead_a not_o much_o stir_v neither_o much_o ebb_a or_o much_o flow_n which_o be_v as_o it_o seem_v only_o observe_v by_o pliny_n in_o the_o euboian_a euripus_n but_o whether_o it_o so_o happen_v elsewhere_o i_o leave_v to_o man_n experience_v in_o these_o matter_n this_o motion_n as_o it_o do_v increase_v according_a to_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n so_o it_o be_v say_v proportional_o to_o decrease_v again_o the_o three_o motion_n be_v monthly_a which_o seem_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conjunction_n wherein_o the_o sea-tide_n be_v high_a and_o swift_a the_o four_o be_v call_v motus_fw-la semestris_fw-la or_o six-month_o happen_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o like_o month_n the_o five_o be_v call_v trimestris_fw-la because_o it_o happen_v only_o in_o three_o month_n distance_n the_o last_o be_v annual_a which_o patricius_n witness_v that_o himself_o see_v in_o liburnia_n in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n these_o motion_n i_o careless_o pass_v over_o because_o the_o distinction_n seem_v to_o i_o full_a of_o uncertainty_n and_o sâ—arce_o warrant_v and_o such_o experiment_n as_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o concern_v rather_o particular_a place_n than_o the_o general_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n 3_o hitherto_o of_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o special_a be_v that_o which_o be_v observe_v in_o some_o special_a place_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o contrariwise_o it_o have_v be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o philosopher_n of_o this_o late_a age_n that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o rapture_n of_o the_o 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scaliger_n who_o will_v not_o have_v a_o ship_n to_o pass_v it_o under_o three_o month_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o prove_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v long_o a_o go_v then_o return_v the_o second_o experiment_n he_o take_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o one_o john_n eupolius_fw-la who_o will_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n blasiâ—â—_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n to_o melinde_v towards_o the_o indies_n can_v not_o go_v forward_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o current_n as_o they_o call_v they_o drive_v they_o back_o from_o melinde_a to_o pate_n a_o town_n by_o this_o side_n of_o the_o indies_n whence_o he_o will_v conclude_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v in_o this_o place_n rather_o run_v from_o west_n to_o east_n towards_o the_o indies_n the_o three_o experiment_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o thomas_n lope_n who_o when_o he_o be_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n 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be_v many_o kind_n mention_v by_o navigatour_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o etesian_a wind_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v every_o year_n from_o the_o north-east_n about_o the_o rise_n of_o dogstar_n and_o oftentimes_o continue_v about_o 40_o day_n this_o wind_n drive_v the_o sea_n from_o pontus_n into_o the_o egean_a sea_n even_o so_o far_o as_o egypt_n in_o the_o second_o place_n may_v we_o range_v such_o wind_n as_o be_v call_v chelidonian_n because_o they_o arise_v at_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o swallow_n it_o blow_v sometime_o from_o the_o direct-west_n so_o that_o of_o some_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o sometime_o from_o the_o northwest_n so_o that_o with_o other_o it_o be_v account_v among_o the_o north_n wind_n these_o chelidonian_a wind_n drive_v from_o the_o north_n or_o northwest_n still_o fill_v all_o the_o mediterranean_a even_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n and_o palestine_n and_o continue_v in_o the_o 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have_v be_v see_v above_o the_o water_n beside_o these_o instance_n we_o may_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o strabo_n and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr munda_fw-la with_o diverse_a other_o relation_n of_o strange_a inundation_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situatio_fw-la and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o absolute_a propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v hitherto_o pass_v over_o we_o will_v consider_v next_o the_o comparative_a which_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o in_o respect_n or_o comparison_n with_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v chief_o threâ—_n 1_o depth_n 2_o situation_n 3_o termination_n 2_o the_o depth_n or_o profundity_n be_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o find_v out_o the_o absolute_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n and_o by_o many_o thought_n impossible_a in_o respect_n as_o well_o of_o the_o immensity_n of_o it_o in_o many_o place_n where_o no_o line_n can_v as_o of_o the_o various_a place_n too_o many_o to_o be_v search_v out_o by_o man_n industry_n yet_o where_o absolute_a science_n fail_v there_o probable_a conjecture_n take_v place_n and_o be_v best_a accept_v which_o we_o will_v venture_v to_o propose_v in_o this_o oâ—r_n theorem_a 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n and_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o have_v be_v a_o common_a receive_a opinion_n among_o ancient_a cosmographer_n that_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v measure_v by_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n seldom_o exceed_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n except_o in_o some_o few_o place_n near_o suevian_a shore_n and_o some_o place_n about_o pontus_n observe_v by_o pliny_n but_o as_o breedwood_n a_o worthy_a late_a writer_n observe_v this_o position_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v general_o but_o only_o of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o streit_n or_o narrow_a sea_n which_o be_v perhaps_o only_o search_v by_o then_o ancient_n who_o dwell_v far_o from_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o another_o account_n be_v necessary_o to_o be_v give_v of_o the_o main_a ocean_n this_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a uncertainty_n we_o will_v follow_v the_o conceit_n of_o the_o forename_a author_n it_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n that_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o first_o separation_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n from_o the_o waâ—ers_n will_v have_v the_o earth_n by_o the_o creation_n to_o be_v cut_v into_o diverse_a sluice_n &_o channel_n apt_a to_o receive_v water_n now_o these_o material_a pâ—rts_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v out_o to_o give_v way_n to_o hollowness_n be_v not_o utter_o annihilate_v but_o by_o a_o almighty_a hand_n in_o some_o other_o place_n make_v by_o their_o addition_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o place_n high_a than_o before_o whence_o by_o reason_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v collect_v that_o the_o ordinary_a eminency_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o oâ—e_a the_o water_n shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o if_o hill_n and_o mountain_n be_v compare_v we_o may_v sâ—t_v they_o against_o the_o deep_n and_o extraordinary_a while-poole_n and_o gull_n and_o so_o betwixt_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o we_o may_v settle_v a_o kind_n of_o agreement_n and_o proportion_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a uncertainty_n no_o man_n will_v expect_v a_o evident_a domonstraâ—ion_n 3_o the_o site_n be_v the_o position_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n oâ—_n the_o earth_n concern_v the_o site_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v consider_v the_o water_n and_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o absolute_o as_o they_o be_v element_n and_o solid_a body_n second_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o either_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o whole_a solid_a body_n of_o the_o water_n as_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v confess_v without_o all_o doubt_n that_o the_o water_n have_v the_o high_a place_n be_v light_a than_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o situation_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o first_o book_n for_o although_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v think_v by_o most_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o be_v above_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o be_v this_o of_o no_o sensible_a proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o vast_a mass_n of_o earth_n couch_v under_o the_o water_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o question_n be_v here_o
of_o the_o red_a sea_n be_v by_o the_o perpendicular_a find_v high_a than_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a moreover_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n part_n of_o america_n common_o call_v mare_n del_n zur_n be_v much_o high_a than_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n which_o border_v on_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o which_o give_v way_n to_o the_o conjecture_n of_o some_o that_o the_o isthmus_n betwixt_o panama_n and_o nombre_n dâ—_n dios_n have_v be_v long_o since_o cut_v through_o to_o have_v make_v a_o passage_n into_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n without_o sail_v so_o â—arre_o about_o by_o the_o strait_n of_o magellane_n have_v not_o many_o inconvenience_n be_v fear_v out_o of_o the_o inequality_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n the_o like_a inequality_n be_v observe_v by_o verstegan_n in_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n for_o according_a to_o his_o conjecture_n france_n and_o england_n be_v one_o continent_n heretofore_o and_o join_v by_o a_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n betwixt_o dover_n and_o callais_n the_o water_n on_o one_o side_n be_v high_a than_o on_o the_o other_o which_o he_o probable_o collect_v out_o of_o the_o sundry_a flat_n and_o shallows_n at_o this_o day_n appear_v on_o the_o east_n side_n as_o well_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n as_o of_o flanders_n especial_o between_o dover_n and_o calais_n call_v by_o some_o our_o lady_n sand_n about_o three_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n out_o of_o which_o and_o sundry_a other_o probability_n he_o labour_v to_o prove_v that_o all_o the_o low-countries_n be_v heretofore_o enuelope_v with_o the_o sea_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o narrow_a land_n be_v either_o by_o nature_n or_o art_n cut_v through_o and_o the_o water_n allow_v a_o free_a passage_n it_o become_v dry_a land_n but_o this_o point_n we_o shall_v discuss_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a 4_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o termination_n be_v the_o bound_a of_o the_o sea_n within_o certain_a limit_n 5_o the_o limit_v be_v the_o margin_n or_o border_n of_o land_n wherein_o any_o sea_n be_v circumscribe_v the_o sea_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o land_n as_o the_o land_n by_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o termination_n some_o sea_n be_v call_v main_a sea_n other_o narrow_a the_o main_a sea_n be_v four_o to_o wiâ—_n the_o atlantic_a which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n by_o which_o on_o the_o west_n side_n it_o pass_v and_o divide_v europe_n and_o africa_n from_o america_n two_o the_o aethiopian_a sea_n run_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o aethiopia_n 3_o the_o indian_a sea_n have_v the_o east_n indies_n on_o the_o north_n 4_o mare_fw-la del_fw-it zur_n or_o the_o south_n sea_n situate_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o america_n which_o four_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o may_v be_v call_v main_a ocean_n the_o lesser_a seaâ—_n be_v either_o call_v creek_n or_o streit_n a_o creek_n be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v embosom_v itself_o into_o the_o land_n have_v a_o â—ntrance_n large_a from_o the_o ocean_n and_o most_o common_o streytn_v inward_o but_o no_o passage_n through_o a_o creek_n again_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a under_o the_o former_a in_o a_o large_a sense_n may_v we_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a mediterranean_a sea_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o â—ea_n from_o the_o mainâ—_n atlantic_a ocean_n by_o a_o inlet_n be_v ingulf_v into_o it_o but_o find_v no_o passage_n out_o any_o other_o way_n howsoever_o it_o invade_v a_o large_a territory_n the_o lesser_a creek_n be_v again_o distinguish_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a the_o chief_a creek_n find_v out_o towards_o the_o east_n be_v six_o in_o number_n 1._o sinus_n magnus_fw-la which_o lie_v betwixt_o mangus_n and_o india_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la teach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o region_n of_o chalâ—iâ—_n 2._o sinus_n gangâ—ticus_n which_o be_v comprehend_v betwixt_o aurea_n chersonesus_n and_o india_n intra_fw-la gangem_fw-la 3_o sinus_n canthi_n common_o call_v canthi-colpus_a 4._o sinus_n persicus_n border_v on_o persia_n and_o call_v by_o plutarch_n the_o babylonian_a sea_n 5._o sinus_n arabicus_n which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o red_a sâ—a_n 6._o sinus_n barbaricus_n which_o by_o pliny_n be_v term_v sinus_n trâ—gloditicus_n &_o at_o this_o day_n golpho_n de_fw-fr melinde_n the_o creek_n lie_v westward_o be_v chief_o these_o first_o sinus_n sarmaticus_n lie_v towards_o the_o north_n between_o denmark_n and_o normay_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o sinus_n sinnicus_fw-la and_o bodiâ—us_fw-la which_o be_v call_v common_o the_o baltic_a sea_n 2_o sinus_n granuicus_fw-la divide_v the_o muscovite_n from_o the_o câ—relij_fw-la northward_o it_o be_v common_o call_v the_o white_a sea_n 3_o sinus_n mexicanus_n border_v on_o the_o city_n of_o mexico_n in_o america_n among_o these_o some_o will_v number_v mare_fw-la pacificum_fw-la or_o mare_n dâ—l_v zur_n but_o this_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o call_v a_o main_a sea_n than_o a_o creek_n be_v extraordinary_o large_a in_o quantity_n a_o strait_n be_v a_o narrow_a sea_n between_o two_o land_n of_o such_o strait_o these_o be_v ancient_o know_v to_o wit_n 1_o fretum_n graditanum_fw-la or_o the_o strait_o of_o gibraltar_n of_o 7_o mile_n distance_n divide_v spain_n from_o barbary_n 2_o fretum_n magellanniâ—un_v find_v out_o by_o magellane_n which_o divide_v aâ—erica_n pâ—ruana_n from_o the_o southern_a land_n 3_o fretum_n anian_n situate_v betwixt_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o america_n &_o the_o eastern_a border_n of_o tartary_n beside_o these_o there_o have_v be_v discover_v 3_o more_o to_o wit_n 1_o pretum_fw-la davis_n find_v out_o by_o captain_n davis_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o which_o lie_v towards_o groenland_n â—_o fretum_n nâ—sovicum_n or_o way_n gate_n near_o nova_fw-la zembla_n discover_v by_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o year_n 1614_o 3_o fretum_n de_fw-fr mayre_n find_v out_o by_o william_n schouteâ—_n a_o bavarian_a take_v his_o name_n from_o isaaâ—_n le_fw-fr mâ—yre_n by_o who_o advice_n and_o persuasion_n he_o undertake_v hiâ—_n voyage_n but_o some_o of_o these_o lattâ—â—_n streit_v here_o mention_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v may_v better_a be_v reckon_v among_o creek_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v any_o passage_n through_o though_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o danger_n they_o have_v often_o attempt_v the_o discovery_n concern_v the_o bound_a of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n we_o will_v insert_v thâ—se_a theorem_n 1_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry_a land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a that_o most_o part_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n be_v situate_a towards_o the_o north_n will_v easy_o appear_v by_o instance_n for_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v place_v the_o great_a continent_n of_o europe_n asia_n almost_o all_o africa_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o america_n but_o in_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n we_o find_v only_o a_o little_a part_n of_o africa_n &_o america_n beside_o the_o south_n continent_n which_o we_o can_v imagine_v to_o be_v so_o great_a in_o quantity_n as_o it_o be_v paint_v in_o our_o ordinary_a map_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o placeâ—_n at_o the_o first_o discovery_n be_v common_o describe_v great_a than_o they_o be_v the_o reason_n i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o that_o the_o first_o draught_n be_v always_o confuse_a and_o unperfect_a wherein_o a_o region_n discover_v itself_o unto_o we_o under_o a_o more_o simple_a figure_n neglect_v curiosity_n but_o after_o a_o long_o and_o more_o exact_a search_n of_o any_o region_n will_v be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n ingulf_v with_o diverse_a bay_n and_o various_o indent_v in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o bind_v line_n compass_v it_o round_o make_v a_o inordinate_a figure_n and_o less_o regular_a can_v contain_v so_o much_o land_n as_o first_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o promise_v moreover_o we_o may_v further_o observe_v that_o those_o place_n which_o in_o the_o first_o discovery_n have_v be_v take_v for_o the_o main_a continent_n or_o at_o least_o for_o some_o great_a part_n of_o land_n have_v afterward_o upon_o more_o curious_a examination_n be_v find_v cleave_v into_o many_o lesser_a land_n as_o in_o america_n cuba_n in_o the_o time_n of_o columbus_n and_o california_n of_o late_a think_v to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o continent_n and_o so_o describe_v almost_o in_o all_o our_o map_n yet_o since_o by_o a_o spanish_a chart_n take_v by_o the_o hollander_n discover_v to_o be_v a_o island_n the_o like_a instance_n we_o have_v in_o terra_fw-la del_fw-it fuogâ—_n which_o since_o the_o time_n magellan_n be_v hold_v a_o part_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n till_o schouten_n by_o sail_v round_o about_o it_o find_v it_o divide_v from_o the_o main_a lâ—nd_n by_o frâ—â—um_fw-la de_fw-fr mayre_n
external_a by_o the_o external_a i_o understand_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o sea-trafficke_n or_o navigation_n 2_o sea-trafficke_n be_v a_o passage_n by_o sea_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o it_o be_v not_o my_o purpose_n in_o this_o place_n exact_o to_o set_v down_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n be_v a_o matter_n require_v a_o special_a treatise_n of_o itself_o yet_o because_o ship_v and_o navigation_n as_o external_a or_o adjacent_a accident_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o proper_a subject_n i_o can_v not_o altogether_o slip_v they_o over_o without_o some_o mention_n in_o handle_v of_o which_o matter_n i_o only_o propose_v to_o myself_o two_o thing_n first_o the_o author_n and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o seavoyage_n or_o navigation_n second_o the_o end_n and_o use_v thereof_o both_o which_o we_o will_v knit_v up_o in_o these_o two_o general_a theorem_n 1_o navigation_n first_o teach_v by_o almighty_a god_n be_v afterward_o second_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o famous_a man_n in_o all_o age_n the_o first_o invention_n of_o this_o excellent_a art_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o author_n than_o god_n himself_o who_o first_o teach_v the_o hebrew_n his_o choose_a people_n and_o not_o the_o egyptian_n and_o phoenicians_n as_o some_o have_v false_o imagine_v for_o we_o read_v in_o genesis_n that_o noah_n according_a to_o god_n precept_n make_v a_o ark_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o himself_o and_o other_o live_a creature_n from_o the_o deluge_n before_o which_o we_o can_v learn_v that_o there_o be_v extant_a any_o skill_n of_o navigation_n of_o which_o we_o have_v many_o reason_n and_o conjecture_n give_v by_o ancient_a writer_n 1_o because_o in_o those_o time_n there_o be_v great_a need_n of_o city_n than_o ship_n because_o city_n be_v not_o make_v for_o ship_n but_o rather_o ship_n for_o the_o use_n of_o city_n 2_o small_a or_o little_a commodity_n can_v in_o those_o time_n be_v reap_v from_o other_o country_n lie_v as_o yet_o rude_a and_o 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of_o the_o place_n as_o we_o find_v