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A47424 An enquiry into the constitution, discipline, unity & worship of the primitive church that flourished within the first three hundred years after Christ faithfully collected out of the extant writings of those ages / by an impartial hand. King, Peter King, Lord, 1669-1734. 1691 (1691) Wing K513; ESTC R6405 208,702 384

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other Churches kept it the Lords Day after This Diversity of Customs created a violent Disorder and Confusion amongst the Christians for the Church of Rome would impose their Usages on the Churches of the Lesser Asia unto which the latter peremptorily refused to submit To appease these Heats and Storms Polycarp Bishop of Smirna came to Rome to confer with Anicetus Bishop of that Church about it who 〈◊〉 that every Church should be left to follow its own Custom as accordingly they were to the times of Pope Victor who revived this Controversie and was so turbulent and imperious as that he excommunicated the Asiaticks for refusing to comply with the Church of Rome in this matter condemning them as Hereticks loading them with the long and frightful Name of Tessareskaidekatitae or Quartodecimani so called because they kept their Easter Quarta Decima Luna upon the Fourteenth Day after the appearance of the Moon or at the Full Moon on what Day soever it happened But however the Asiaticks stood their Ground and still maintained their old Custom till the Council of Nice Anno 325. by their Authority decided this Controversie decreeing that throughout the whole Christian World Easter should be observed not on the Day on which the Jewish Passover fell but on the Lord's Day ensuing as it was ever after observed and followed § 3. The next Feast that was observed was Whitsunday or Pentecost in Commemoration of the Holy Ghosts Descent on the Apostles which also was very ancient being mentioned several times by Tertullian and reckon'd by Origen for one of the four Festivals observed in his time the other Three being Sundays Saturdays and Easter § 4. As for Christmass or the time of Christs Nativity there is a Passage in Clemens Alexandrinus which seems to intimate that it was then observed as a Festival For speaking of the Time when Christ was born he says that those who had curiously search'd into it affixed it to the 25th Day of the Month Pachon But the Basilidian Hereticks held otherwise who also observed as a Feast the Day of Christs Baptism From which Words who also if that be the meaning of the Words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 one might be apt to infer that the meaning of Clemens Alexandrinus was that the Basilidians not only feasted at the time of Christs Nativity but also at the time of his Baptism But whether this Interpretation will hold I leave to the Learned Reader to determin On the contrary there are other Considerations which more strongly insinuate that this Festival was not so early solemnized as that when Origen reckons up the Feasts observed in his Age he mentions not one Syllable of Christmas and it seems improbable that they should Celebrate Christs Nativity when they disagreed about the Month and Day when Christ was born Clemens Alexandrinus reckons from the Birth of Christ to the Death of Commodus exactly one hundred ninety four Years one month and thirteen days which years must be computed according to the Nabonassar or Egyptian Account who varied from this in our year in that they had only 365 days in a year never taking notice of the odd Hours or Quadrant of a Day that every fourth Year makes a whole Day and are accordingly by us then added to the Month of February which maketh the Bissextile or Leapyear So that though the Egyptians always begun their Year with the first day of the Month Thoth yet making no Account of the Annual odd Hours that Month wandereth throughout the whole Year And whereas now the first Day of that Month is the first Day of our March about Seven Hundred Years hence it will be the first of September and after Seven Hundred Years more or near thereabouts it will come to the first of March again Wherefore that we may reduce unto our Style this Calculation of Clemens Alexandrinus we must deduce for those odd Hours which are not accounted one Month and Eighteen Days and so reckoning the Birth of Christ from the Death of Commodus which happened on the first Day of January to be One Hundred Ninety Four Years wanting five or six Days it will appear that Christ was born on the 25th or 26th of the Month of December according to the Julian Account which is the Epoch we follow But as the same Father farther writes in the same place There were some who more curiously searching after the Year and Day of Christs Nativity affixed the latter to the 25th of the Month Pachon Now in that Year in which Christ was born the Month Pachon commenced the twentieth Day of April So that according to this Computation Christ was born the 16th Day of May. Nay there were yet some other ingenious Men as the same Father continues to write that assigned Christ's Nativity to the 24th or 25th of the Month Pharmuthi which answers to our 16th or 17th of April So that there were Diversities of Opinion concerning the Time of Christs Birth which makes it very probable that there was then no particular Feast observed in Commemoration of that Glorious and transcendent Mercy § 5. There is yet another Feast called by us Epiphany wherein there is a Commemoration of Christs Baptism which I find to have been peculiarly Solemnized by the Basilidian Hereticks For thus Clemens Alexandrinus reports it to be a particular Custom of theirs to keep as a Festival the day of Christs Baptism The Day on which Christ was baptized they said to be the fifteenth of the Month Tyby in the fifteenth Year of the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius which answers to our One and Thirtieth of December or as others imagin'd it On the Eleventh of the Month Tyby which was the Seven and Twentieth of our December § 6. Besides these forementioned Festivals there were none others observed to the Honour of the blessed Jesus nor of the Virgin Mary nor of the Holy Apostles and Evangelists and which may be a little observable it is very seldom if ever that the Ancients give the Title of Saints to those Holy Persons but singly style them Peter Paul John c. not St. Peter St. Paul or St. John § 7. But now there was another sort of Festivals which every Church Celebrated in the Commemoration of its own Martyrs which was on the Anniversary Day of their Martyrdoms They assembled together where they recited the Martyrs Glorious Actions exhorted to an Imitation of them and blessed God for them So says Cyprian The Passions of the Martyrs we Celebrate with an Anniversary Commemoration And so writes Tertullian Vpon the Annual Day of the Martyrs Sufferings we offer Thanks to God for them When this Practice began cannot certainly be determined it is first found mentioned in the Letter of the Church of Smirna to the Church of Philomilium touching the Death of Polycarp wherein they write That they had gathered up his Martyr'd Bones and buried them in a