to_o find_v they_o every_o time_n the_o same_o that_o he_o have_v find_v they_o once_o and_o to_o intimate_v that_o by_o the_o by_o to_o make_v several_a trial_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o thereby_o produce_v variety_n of_o figure_n it_o be_v not_o a_o ill_a expedient_a to_o expose_v the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v in_o very_o shallow_a vessel_n or_o if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o other_o vessle_n to_o leave_v it_o but_o of_o very_o little_a depth_n and_o if_o the_o vessel_n itself_o be_v high_o refrigerated_a either_o by_o the_o cold_a air_n or_o by_o have_v salt_n and_o ice_n apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o the_o congelation_n may_v succeed_v much_o the_o more_o nimble_o so_o that_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o same_o liquor_n be_v divers_a time_n thaw_v and_o freeze_v again_o may_v possible_o exhibit_v variety_n of_o figure_n and_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n may_v be_v also_o much_o accelerate_a by_o dip_v into_o the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v 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pariacaca_fw-la which_o he_o several_a time_n traverse_v together_o but_o beside_o that_o i_o have_v deliver_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o already_o in_o another_o treatise_n i_o be_v loath_a to_o say_v more_o till_o i_o have_v leisure_n which_o i_o have_v not_o now_o to_o discuss_v the_o scruple_n that_o i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o about_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o about_o the_o cause_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v something_o beside_o cold_a but_o since_o i_o have_v mention_v this_o xviii_o section_n i_o will_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o i_o then_o intend_v but_o forget_v to_o set_v down_o namely_o that_o to_o the_o instance_n allege_v to_o show_v the_o coldness_n of_o region_n not_o to_o be_v always_o proportionate_a to_o their_o great_a and_o less_o vicinity_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o may_v add_v a_o memorable_a one_o afford_v we_o by_o a_o country_n so_o well_o know_v to_o many_o of_o we_o as_o new_a england_n where_o though_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o long_o and_o bitter_a as_o we_o have_v former_o relate_v out_o of_o mr._n woods_n prospect_n of_o that_o country_n which_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o a_o american_n physician_n that_o live_v there_o yet_o that_o region_n which_o be_v so_o very_a much_o cold_a than_o we_o be_v in_o many_o place_n no_o less_o than_o a_o 10._o or_o 11._o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n i_o shall_v add_v to_o the_o same_o xviii_o section_n that_o as_o to_o the_o experiment_n i_o there_o mention_v concern_v wind_n and_o which_o i_o associate_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o new_o name_v mr._n wood_n i_o find_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v vary_v it_o more_o than_o one_o will_v easy_o have_v suspect_v for_o though_o i_o faithful_o recite_v the_o phaenomena_n as_o i_o then_o and_o that_o sometime_o with_o witness_n take_v notice_n of_o they_o yet_o some_o month_n after_o and_o in_o other_o weather_n have_v occasion_n to_o repeat_v the_o former_a part_n of_o that_o experiment_n i_o be_v somewhat_o surprise_v at_o the_o success_n for_o come_v to_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n which_o though_o in_o its_o kind_n very_o tender_a may_v be_v probable_o presume_v to_o be_v less_o so_o than_o a_o thermoscope_n make_v with_o a_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o water_n such_o as_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o forecited_a paragraph_n i_o find_v that_o if_o i_o continue_v to_o blow_v any_o thing_n long_o and_o brisk_o the_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o circumstance_n i_o therefore_o name_n because_o possible_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o may_v somewhat_o alter_v the_o case_n will_v sometime_o manifest_o enough_o subside_o and_o in_o that_o paragraph_n of_o the_o
but_o such_o as_o eat_v flesh_n as_o bear_n and_o fox_n etc._n etc._n although_o nova_n zembla_n lie_v 4_o 5_o and_o 6._o degree_n more_o southerly_a from_o the_o pole_n than_o the_o other_o land_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o this_o purpose_n i_o remember_v what_o be_v relate_v by_o the_o learned_a josephus_n 101._o acosta_n concern_v the_o heat_n and_o cold_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o elsewhere_o when_o i_o pass_v say_v he_o to_o the_o indies_n i_o will_v tell_v what_o chance_v unto_o i_o have_v read_v what_o poet_n and_o philosopher_n write_v of_o the_o burn_a zone_n i_o persuade_v myself_o that_o come_v to_o the_o aequinoctial_a i_o shall_v not_o endure_v the_o violent_a heat_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o otherwise_o for_o when_o i_o pass_v which_o be_v when_o the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v there_o for_o zenith_n be_v enter_v into_o aries_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n i_o feel_v so_o great_a a_o cold_a as_o i_o be_v force_v to_o go_v into_o the_o sun_n to_o warm_v i_o what_o can_v i_o else_o do_v then_o but_o laugh_v at_o aristotle_n meteor_n and_o his_o philosophy_n see_v that_o in_o that_o place_n and_o at_o that_o season_n when_o as_o all_o shall_v be_v scorch_a with_o heat_n according_a to_o his_o rule_n 〈◊〉_d and_o all_o my_o companion_n be_v a_o cold_a in_o truth_n there_o be_v no_o region_n in_o the_o world_n more_o pleasant_a and_o temperate_a then_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a although_o it_o be_v not_o in_o all_o part_n of_o a_o equal_a temperature_n but_o have_v great_a diversity_n the_o burn_a zone_n in_o some_o part_n be_v very_o temperate_a as_o in_o quitto_n and_o on_o the_o plain_n of_o peru_n in_o some_o part_n very_o cold_a as_o at_o potosi_n and_o in_o some_o veryhot_n as_o in_o ethiopia_n brasile_n and_o the_o molucque_n and_o within_o two_o chapter_n after_o he_o discourse_v more_o large_o of_o some_o of_o these_o particular_n and_o again_o chapter_n the_o 12._o you_o may_v continual_o say_v he_o see_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o these_o 109._o mountain_n snow_n hail_n and_o freeze_a water_n and_o the_o cold_a so_o bitter_a as_o the_o grass_n be_v all_o wither_a so_o as_o the_o man_n and_o beast_n which_o pass_v that_o way_n be_v benumb_v with_o cold_a this_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v in_o the_o burn_a zone_n and_o it_o happen_v most_o common_o when_o they_o have_v the_o sun_n for_o zenith_n these_o testimony_n of_o a_o learned_a man_n that_o write_v upon_o his_o own_o knowledge_n i_o think_v it_o worth_a produce_v to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o as_o in_o several_a country_n the_o heat_n do_v not_o always_o answer_v to_o the_o nearness_n of_o place_n to_o the_o line_n so_o in_o northern_a region_n the_o cold_a may_v not_o always_o be_v proportionate_a to_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o pole_n in_o mr._n hudsons_n second_o voyage_n write_v by_o himself_o he_o mention_n that_o above_o 71._o degree_n though_o they_o be_v much_o pester_v with_o ice_n about_o the_o end_n of_o june_n that_o day_n when_o this_o 578._o happen_v be_v calm_a clear_a and_o hot_a weather_n add_v of_o the_o next_o day_n also_o that_o it_o be_v calm_a hot_a and_o fair_a weather_n and_o acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o we_o see_v these_o difference_n not_o only_o on_o the_o land_n but_o also_o on_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v some_o sea_n where_o they_o feel_v great_a heat_n as_o the_o report_n of_o that_o of_o mazambigus_fw-la and_o ormus_n in_o the_o east_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o panama_n in_o the_o west_n there_o be_v other_o sea_n in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o height_n very_o cold_a as_o that_o of_o peru_n in_o the_o which_o we_o be_v a_o cold_a when_o we_o first_o sail_v it_o which_o be_v in_o march_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v direct_o over_o we_o in_o truth_n on_o this_o continent_n 〈◊〉_d the_o land_n and_o sea_n be_v of_o one_o sort_n we_o can_v imagine_v any_o other_o cause_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o wind_n that_o 〈◊〉_d refresh_v they_o but_o to_o multiply_v no_o more_o instance_n we_o shall_v conclude_v with_o this_o one_o that_o charleton_n island_n where_o captain_n james_n winter_v and_o of_o which_o we_o so_o often_o have_v occasion_n to_o make_v mention_n in_o our_o history_n though_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o effect_n to_o be_v a_o cold_a region_n than_o even_o the_o country_n about_o musco_n and_o perhaps_o as_o cold_a as_o nova_n zembla_n it_o elsewhere_o self_n yet_o captain_n james_n who_o have_v several_a time_n occasion_n to_o take_v the_o latitude_n of_o it_o and_o assign_v it_o the_o same_o elevation_n and_o consequent_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n with_o cambridge_n who_o latitude_n he_o reckon_v to_o be_v 51._o degree_n beside_o minute_n and_o who_o air_n be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o be_v very_o temperate_a and_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o this_o place_n who_o latitude_n be_v short_a of_o 52._o degree_n be_v find_v uninhabitable_a by_o reason_n of_o 569._o the_o cold_a yet_o not_o only_o in_o mr._n hudsons_n voyage_n the_o writer_n admonish_v the_o reader_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o although_o they_o run_v along_o near_o the_o shore_n they_o find_v 112._o no_o great_a cold_a which_o make_v they_o think_v that_o if_o they_o have_v be_v on_o shore_n the_o place_n be_v temperate_a and_o yet_o in_o this_o place_n they_o reckon_v themselves_o to_o have_v reach_v the_o 78._o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o our_o recenter_n navigation_n inform_v we_o that_o several_a part_n of_o greenland_n to_o which_o this_o new_o mention_v coast_n belong_v be_v well_o enough_o inhabit_v and_o one_o of_o our_o english_a navigator_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o true_a height_n of_o pustozera_n in_o russia_n be_v no_o less_o than_o 68_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a if_o not_o more_o and_o yet_o that_o be_v a_o town_n not_o only_o well_o inhabit_v but_o of_o great_a trade_n but_o in_o hudsons_n voyage_n i_o find_v what_o be_v more_o strange_a that_o under_o the_o 81._o degree_n of_o latitude_n beyond_o which_o they_o discover_v land_n very_o far_o off_o but_o beyond_o which_o none_o be_v think_v to_o have_v actual_o sail_v towards_o the_o pole_n they_o find_v it_o during_o the_o whole_a day_n clear_a weather_n with_o little_a wind_n 571._o and_o reasonable_a warm_a and_o beyond_o 80._o degree_n they_o not_o only_o find_v a_o stream_n or_o two_o of_o fresh_a water_n but_o find_v it_o hot_a on_o the_o shore_n and_o drink_v water_n to_o cool_v their_o thirst_n which_o they_o also_o commend_v ii_o the_o next_o observable_a i_o be_o to_o propose_v about_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v this_o that_o the_o degree_n both_o of_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o the_o air_n may_v be_v much_o great_a in_o the_o same_o climate_n and_o the_o same_o place_n at_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o even_o at_o several_a time_n of_o the_o same_o day_n than_o most_o man_n will_v believe_v for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v two_o sort_n of_o testimony_n of_o traveller_n and_o navigator_n the_o former_a show_v that_o in_o country_n where_o it_o be_v very_o cold_a in_o winter_n it_o may_v 〈◊〉_d be_v hot_a in_o summer_n and_o the_o latter_a manifest_v that_o even_o on_o the_o same_o day_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o heat_n and_o cold_a that_o succeed_v one_o another_o may_v be_v one_o of_o they_o sensible_a though_o the_o other_o be_v extreme_a or_o may_v perhaps_o be_v both_o of_o they_o considerable_a to_o make_v this_o good_a we_o shall_v produce_v the_o follow_a testimony_n 1._o dr._n giles_n fletcher_n english_a ambassador_n to_o the_o muscovian_a emperor_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o russia_n and_o the_o adjoin_a region_n have_v this_o memorable_a passage_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n the_o whole_a country_n say_v he_o differ_v very_o much_o from_o itself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o year_n so_o that_o a_o man_n will_v 〈◊〉_d to_o see_v the_o great_a 414._o alteration_n and_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o winter_n and_o summer_n in_o russia_n the_o whole_a country_n in_o the_o winter_n lie_v under_o snow_n which_o fall_v continual_o and_o be_v sometime_o of_o a_o yard_n or_o two_o thick_a but_o great_a towards_o the_o north_n the_o river_n and_o other_o water_n be_v all_o freeze_a up_o a_o yard_n or_o more_o thick_a how_o swift_a or_o broad_a soever_o they_o be_v and_o this_o continue_v common_o for_o five_o month_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n till_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o march_n what_o time_n the_o snow_n begin_v to_o melt_v so_o that_o it_o will_v breed_v a_o frost_n in_o a_o man_n to_o look_v abroad_o at_o that_o time_n and_o see_v the_o winter_n face_n of_o that_o country_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o add_v and_o yet_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n
author_n then_o after_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o this_o fertile_a province_n though_o but_o situate_v in_o the_o same_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n with_o normandy_n be_v oftentimes_o subject_a to_o excessive_a cold_n which_o circumstance_n i_o mention_v as_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o something_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n deliver_v in_o the_o former_a section_n give_v a_o account_n of_o two_o differ_a effect_n of_o this_o cold_a upon_o the_o body_n of_o man_n the_o one_o be_v a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o sickness_n the_o other_o death_n 24._o the_o first_o which_o i_o remember_v not_o to_o have_v elsewhere_o meet_v with_o be_v that_o sometime_o when_o the_o natural_a heat_n prove_v strong_a enough_o to_o protect_v the_o toe_n and_o cheek_n and_o ear_n and_o other_o part_n that_o be_v either_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o heart_n or_o more_o tender_a from_o a_o sudden_a mortification_n yet_o unless_o nature_n be_v assist_v either_o by_o good_a precaution_n or_o remedy_n she_o can_v hinder_v the_o cold_a from_o produce_v in_o these_o part_n cancer_n as_o painful_a as_o those_o which_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o scald_a and_o malignant_a humour_n and_o which_o let_v i_o see_v say_v my_o author_n when_o i_o be_v in_o those_o country_n that_o cold_a be_v not_o less_o cut_v nor_o powerful_a to_o destroy_v thing_n than_o the_o fire_n to_o consume_v they_o he_o add_v that_o the_o begin_n of_o these_o cancerous_a sore_n be_v so_o small_a that_o what_o produce_v the_o pain_n scarce_o equal_v the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pea_n and_o yet_o in_o few_o day_n nay_o sometime_o in_o few_o hour_n it_o spread_v so_o as_o to_o destroy_v the_o whole_a part_n it_o invade_v which_o he_o confirm_v by_o the_o example_n of_o two_o person_n of_o his_o acquaintance_n who_o in_o a_o trice_n lose_v by_o congelation_n the_o badge_n of_o their_o sex_n 25._o as_o to_o those_o that_o be_v kill_v with_o cold_a our_o author_n inform_v we_o that_o they_o perish_v by_o two_o differ_a kind_n of_o death_n for_o some_o be_v not_o sufficient_o fortify_v against_o the_o cold_a by_o their_o own_o internal_a heat_n nor_o competent_o arm_v against_o it_o by_o fur_n inunction_n and_o other_o external_a mean_n after_o have_v have_v their_o hand_n and_o foot_n first_o seize_v by_o the_o cold_a till_o they_o grow_v pass_v feel_v it_o there_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o body_n be_v so_o invade_v that_o they_o be_v take_v with_o a_o kind_a of_o lethargic_a drowziness_n that_o give_v they_o extreme_a propensity_n to_o sleep_v which_o if_o indulge_v to_o they_o can_v no_o more_o awake_a out_o of_o but_o die_v insensible_o and_o from_o this_o kind_n of_o death_n our_o author_n add_v that_o he_o be_v several_a time_n snatch_v by_o his_o servant_n who_o be_v more_o accustom_a to_o the_o cold_a and_o seasonable_o force_v he_o to_o awake_v out_o of_o those_o drowziness_n which_o they_o know_v to_o be_v most_o dangerous_a and_o that_o sometime_o the_o death_n by_o cold_a be_v indolent_a enough_o the_o relation_n of_o some_o intelligent_a acquaintance_n of_o i_o who_o have_v be_v in_o exceed_v cold_a country_n do_v confirm_v 26._o but_o the_o other_o way_n whereby_o cold_a destroy_v man_n be_v that_o which_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a in_o our_o author_n and_o though_o less_o sudden_a be_v more_o cruel_a for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o sometime_o the_o cold_a seize_v man_n body_n in_o the_o reins_o and_o all_o about_o the_o waste_v and_o especial_o horseman_n underneath_o the_o armour_n of_o the_o back_n and_o breast_n and_o straiten_n as_o he_o speak_v those_o part_n so_o forcible_o that_o it_o freeze_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o belly_n especial_o the_o gut_n so_o that_o though_o they_o have_v keen_a appetite_n they_o can_v digest_v or_o so_o much_o as_o retain_v the_o light_a and_o easy_a aliment_n without_o except_v broth_n themselves_o but_o present_o reject_v they_o by_o vomit_n with_o unspeakable_a gripe_n and_o pain_n and_o so_o continual_o complain_v of_o their_o condition_n and_o sometime_o cry_v out_o as_o if_o some_o body_n be_v tear_v out_o their_o bowel_n they_o end_v their_o miserable_a life_n be_v often_o bring_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o their_o torment_n to_o the_o brink_n of_o madness_n and_o despair_n before_o they_o come_v to_o that_o of_o the_o grave_n and_o our_o author_n have_v see_v some_o of_o these_o depart_a wretch_n open_v say_v that_o they_o find_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o gut_n black_a burn_v up_o and_o as_o it_o be_v glue_v together_o whence_o he_o think_v it_o probable_a that_o as_o their_o bowel_n come_v to_o be_v spoil_v and_o gangrenate_v they_o be_v force_v to_o those_o complaint_n and_o exclamation_n and_o we_o may_v add_v that_o probable_o upon_o the_o same_o cause_n depend_v those_o continual_a vomit_n of_o what_o they_o eat_v or_o drink_v the_o gangrene_n of_o the_o gut_n hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o excrement_n downward_o as_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o true_a iliaca_fw-la passio_fw-la and_o the_o peristaltic_a or_o the_o usual_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n be_v invert_v as_o it_o also_o frequent_o happen_v in_o the_o same_o disease_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o anatomist_n and_o physician_n will_v think_v this_o account_n very_o imperfect_a but_o yet_o i_o think_v myself_o beholden_a to_o the_o author_n for_o it_o because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o best_a but_o the_o only_a that_o i_o have_v hitherto_o yet_o meet_v with_o of_o this_o matter_n though_o i_o can_v wish_v it_o have_v be_v much_o more_o full_a and_o particular_a and_o that_o he_o have_v also_o open_v those_o animal_n and_o especial_o their_o brain_n that_o he_o mention_n to_o have_v be_v kill_v sudden_o and_o without_o pain_n by_o cold_a for_o such_o information_n who_o want_n as_o far_o as_o our_o climate_n will_v permit_v i_o have_v have_v thought_n of_o supply_v by_o experiment_n upon_o other_o animal_n will_v perhaps_o satisfy_v i_o one_o way_n or_o other_o about_o a_o conjecture_n i_o have_v have_v and_o be_v able_a to_o countenance_n by_o several_a trial_n upon_o vegetable_n and_o dead_a animal_n about_o the_o cause_n of_o mortification_n produce_v by_o excessive_a cold_n 27._o what_o effect_n a_o violent_a cold_n may_v have_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o other_o animal_n than_o man_n i_o scarce_o find_v at_o all_o take_a notice_n of_o by_o the_o writer_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o and_o what_o i_o remember_v upon_o that_o subject_a amount_n to_o but_o few_o particular_n the_o french_a author_n late_o quote_v take_v notice_n in_o general_n that_o the_o cold_a in_o ukrain_n as_o the_o polander_n call_v it_o be_v sometime_o so_o great_a as_o to_o be_v scarce_o supportable_a by_o horse_n and_o some_o other_o tame_a beast_n 28._o this_o same_o author_n also_o mention_n a_o certain_a fourfooted_a animal_n call_v bohack_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o those_o part_n and_o hide_v himself_o under_o ground_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o have_v inquire_v of_o the_o late_o mention_v polish_v nobleman_n concern_v this_o beast_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o be_v in_o that_o province_n he_o have_v one_o present_v he_o as_o a_o rarity_n upon_o a_o occasion_n proper_a enough_o to_o be_v mention_v here_o for_o some_o of_o the_o pole_n chance_v to_o dig_v for_o some_o purpose_n that_o i_o remember_v not_o in_o a_o certain_a retire_a place_n be_v surprise_v to_o find_v under_o ground_n a_o animal_n not_o familiar_a to_o they_o and_o though_o this_o creature_n be_v so_o freeze_v and_o stiff_a that_o they_o think_v it_o to_o be_v stark_o dead_a yet_o when_o they_o come_v to_o flay_v it_o for_o its_o skin_n be_v awaken_v by_o pain_n it_o recover_v life_n again_o as_o be_v bring_v as_o a_o rarity_n to_o the_o commander_n from_o who_o i_o have_v the_o relation_n 29._o that_o some_o other_o animal_n may_v be_v freeze_v till_o they_o be_v stiff_a and_o yet_o recover_v i_o shall_v ere_o long_o have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v at_o the_o close_a of_o the_o 21._o section_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v now_o add_v but_o this_o that_o whereas_o it_o be_v a_o tradition_n among_o traveller_n into_o northern_a climate_n that_o both_o bird_n and_o wild_a beast_n be_v in_o icy_a and_o snowy_a country_n ordinary_o turn_v white_a if_o not_o at_o all_o time_n yet_o at_o least_o in_o the_o winter_n by_o the_o coldness_n of_o those_o gelid_a climate_n i_o dare_v neither_o admit_v the_o position_n as_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v true_a universal_o nor_o reject_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v never_o so_o for_o not_o now_o to_o inquire_v whether_o whiteness_n proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o country_n or_o from_o some_o settle_a seminary_n impression_n or_o from_o the_o imagination_n of_o the_o female_n affect_v by_o the_o vivid_n whiteness_n of_o the_o snow_n that_o almost_o all_o the_o year_n long_o be_v
proceed_v may_v keep_v the_o ill_a operation_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o violate_a texture_n of_o body_n from_o appear_v yet_o when_o once_o that_o 〈◊〉_d be_v remove_v divers_a body_n make_v haste_n to_o discover_v that_o their_o texture_n be_v discompose_v if_o not_o quite_o vitiate_v by_o the_o excessive_a cold_a i_o may_v allege_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v show_v divers_a ingenious_a man_n by_o a_o experiment_n i_o have_v teach_v in_o another_o philosophy_n treatise_n that_o the_o change_v produce_v in_o the_o texture_n of_o some_o body_n by_o glaciation_n may_v be_v make_v manifest_a even_o to_o the_o sight_n for_o by_o freeze_v a_o ox_n eye_n the_o crystalline_a humour_n which_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n be_v transparent_a enough_o to_o deserve_v its_o name_n of_o crystalline_a though_o not_o fluid_a enough_o to_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o humour_n lose_v with_o its_o former_a texture_n all_o its_o diaphancity_n and_o be_v cut_v in_o two_o with_o a_o sharp_a knife_n appear_v quite_o throughout_o very_o white_a but_o for_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v rather_o add_v that_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o person_n former_o mention_v that_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o the_o two_o cheese_n confess_v to_o i_o that_o though_o that_o which_o have_v be_v thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n be_v very_o much_o the_o less_o spoil_v yet_o they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o manifest_o impair_v and_o the_o other_o of_o they_o be_v so_o in_o its_o very_a consistence_n by_o the_o frost_n though_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o cheese_n be_v very_o considerable_a and_o though_o they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o of_o a_o more_o then_o ordinary_o good_a and_o durable_a sort_n 22._o the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v allege_v to_o this_o purpose_n be_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o hollander_n even_o by_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o nova_n zembla_n before_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n at_o which_o time_n their_o strong_a beer_n by_o be_v partly_o freeze_v have_v its_o texture_n so_o vitiate_v that_o the_o reunion_n of_o its_o unfrozen_a to_o its_o thaw_a part_n can_v not_o restore_v it_o to_o any_o thing_n near_o such_o a_o spirituous_a liquor_n as_o it_o be_v before_o we_o be_v force_v say_v gerad_n de_fw-fr veer_v that_o write_v the_o story_n to_o melt_v the_o beer_n 493._o for_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o unfrozen_a beer_n in_o the_o barrel_n but_o in_o that_o thick_a yeast_n that_o be_v unfrozen_a lay_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o beer_n so_o that_o it_o be_v too_o strong_a to_o drink_v alone_o and_o that_o which_o be_v freeze_v taste_v like_o water_n and_o be_v melt_v we_o mix_v one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o so_o drink_v it_o but_o it_o have_v neither_o ftrength_n nor_o taste_n and_o in_o the_o next_o month_n journal_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o their_o best_a beer_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n whole_o without_o any_o strength_n so_o that_o it_o have_v no_o savour_n at_o all_o but_o a_o more_o remarkable_a instance_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n be_v afford_v we_o by_o our_o countryman_n captain_n james_n because_o it_o manifest_v the_o cold_a to_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n upon_o a_o much_o strong_a and_o more_o spirituous_a liquor_n i_o ever_o doubt_v say_v he_o in_o his_o journal_n that_o we_o shall_v be_v weak_a in_o 73._o spring_n and_o therefore_o have_v i_o reserve_v a_o tun_n of_o alicant_n wine_n unto_o this_o time_n of_o this_o by_o 〈◊〉_d seven_o part_n of_o water_n to_o one_o ofwine_n we_o make_v some_o weak_a beverage_n which_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o wine_n by_o be_v freeze_v have_v lose_v his_o virtue_n be_v little_o better_a than_o water_n 23._o and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o learned_a man_n who_o i_o ask_v some_o question_n concern_v this_o matter_n tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o northern_a country_n less_o cold_a than_o muscovy_n he_o have_v observe_v that_o beef_n have_v be_v very_o long_o freeze_v when_o it_o come_v afterward_o to_o be_v eat_v be_v almost_o insipid_a and_o be_v boil_v afford_v a_o broth_n little_o better_o than_o common_a water_n 24._o if_o i_o have_v not_o want_v opportunity_n i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v a_o account_n of_o some_o trial_n for_o which_o i_o make_v provision_n as_o think_v they_o not_o absolute_o unworthy_a the_o make_n though_o extravagant_a enough_o not_o to_o be_v likely_a to_o succeed_v for_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v not_o only_o whether_o some_o plant_n and_o other_o medicinal_a thing_n who_o specific_a virtue_n i_o be_v acquaint_v with_o will_v lose_v their_o peculiar_a quality_n by_o be_v thorough_o congeal_v and_o several_a way_n thaw_v and_o whether_o thaw_a hartshorn_n of_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n and_o saline_n spirit_n of_o such_o a_o determinate_a strength_n shall_v beforehand_o be_v try_v by_o distillation_n will_v after_o have_v be_v long_o congeal_v yield_v by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o distillation_n the_o same_o quantity_n of_o those_o actual_a substance_n as_o if_o the_o hartshorn_n have_v not_o be_v freeze_v at_o all_o but_o i_o have_v also_o thought_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o electrical_a faculty_n of_o amber_n both_o the_o natural_a and_o that_o factitious_a imitation_n of_o it_o i_o elsewhere_o teach_v and_o whether_o the_o attractive_a or_o directive_n virtue_n of_o lodestone_n especial_o very_o weak_a one_o will_v be_v either_o impair_v or_o any_o way_n alter_v by_o be_v very_o long_o expose_v to_o the_o intense_v degree_n of_o cold_a within_o my_o power_n of_o produce_v but_o to_o have_v name_v such_o extravagancy_n be_v that_o which_o i_o think_v enough_o and_o other_o i_o fear_v may_v think_v too_o much_o 25._o yet_o some_o few_o thing_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v on_o this_o occasion_n because_o it_o will_v add_v somewhat_o not_o impertinent_a to_o the_o design_n of_o this_o treatise_n which_o be_v to_o deliver_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o cold_a as_o well_o as_o countenance_v what_o i_o have_v be_v propose_v and_o those_o thing_n be_v that_o i_o can_v by_o very_o credible_a testimony_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o intense_a cold_a may_v have_v a_o great_a operation_n upon_o the_o texture_n even_o of_o solid_a and_o durable_a body_n than_o we_o in_o this_o temperate_a climate_n be_v common_o aware_a of_o i_o shall_v not_o urge_v that_o even_o here_o in_o england_n '_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o man_n bone_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o break_v upon_o fall_n in_o frosty_a then_o in_o other_o wether_n because_o that_o may_v possible_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o freeze_a ground_n nor_o that_o i_o remember_v when_o i_o be_v wont_a to_o make_v use_n of_o stone-bow_n i_o find_v it_o a_o common_a observation_n that_o in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o lath_n though_o of_o steel_n will_v by_o the_o cold_a be_v make_v so_o brittle_a that_o unless_o extraordinary_a care_n be_v have_v of_o they_o or_o some_o expedient_n be_v use_v about_o they_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o break_v nor_o yet_o that_o a_o ingenious_a overseer_n of_o great_a building_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o those_o that_o deal_n in_o timber_n and_o other_o wood_n find_v it_o much_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v cleave_v in_o hard_a frost_n then_o in_o ordinary_a wether_n these_o and_o the_o like_a instance_n i_o do_v as_o i_o be_v intimate_v forbear_v to_o urge_v because_o these_o effect_n of_o cold_a be_v much_o inferior_a to_o those_o that_o have_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o more_o intemperate_a region_n 26._o and_o to_o begin_v with_o its_o operation_n upon_o what_o we_o be_v last_o treat_v of_o wood._n of_o charleton-island_n captain_n james_n have_v this_o passage_n about_o the_o timber_n they_o employ_v upon_o their_o work_n the_o boy_n say_v he_o with_o cuttle_n 67._o axe_n must_v cut_v bough_n for_o the_o carpenter_n for_o every_o piece_n of_o timber_n that_o he_o do_v work_v must_v first_o be_v thaw_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o a_o little_a before_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o even_o when_o they_o find_v a_o stand_a tree_n they_o must_v make_v a_o fire_n to_o it_o to_o thaw_v it_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v cut_v 27._o and_o i_o remember_v that_o two_o several_a person_n both_o of_o they_o scholar_n and_o stranger_n to_o one_o another_o that_o have_v occasion_n to_o travel_v as_o far_o as_o moscow_n assure_v i_o that_o they_o divers_a time_n observe_v in_o extreme_a frost_n that_o the_o timber-work_n whether_o the_o board_n or_o the_o beam_n of_o some_o house_n which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o country_n be_v make_v of_o wood_n and_o perhaps_o not_o well_o season_v will_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a be_v make_v to_o crack_v in_o divers_a place_n with_o a_o noise_n which_o be_v surprise_v enough_o to_o they_o especial_o in_o the_o night_n 28._o i_o remember_v also_o that_o a_o physician_n who_o live_v for_o
i_o have_v yet_o meet_v with_o in_o any_o sober_a author_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o the_o learned_a french_a hydrographer_n fournier_n who_o relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1635._o the_o french_a fleet_n sail_v to_o canada_n meet_v with_o several_a piece_n of_o ice_n as_o high_a as_o steeple_n and_o particular_o one_o whether_o piece_n or_o bank_n of_o ice_n for_o the_o french_a word_n glace_n may_v signify_v either_o which_o they_o be_v trouble_v to_o coast_n along_o for_o above_o forty_o league_n if_o this_o be_v the_o same_o story_n as_o one_o may_v suspect_v it_o to_o be_v by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fleet_n there_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n in_o another_o place_n where_o our_o author_n speak_v of_o the_o vastness_n of_o the_o ice_n but_o if_o it_o be_v another_o story_n as_o some_o differ_a circumstance_n argue_v the_o french_a it_o seem_v meet_v with_o ice_n far_o more_o stupendous_a then_o even_o that_o already_o mention_v for_o say_v our_o author_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o wash_v canada_n book_n there_o be_v often_o see_v even_o in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n to_o pass_v by_o ice_v much_o big_a than_o ship_n in_o the_o year_n 1635._o the_o french_a fleet_n sail_v there_o coast_v along_o for_o three_o day_n and_o three_o night_n one_o that_o be_v above_o 80._o league_n long_o flat_a in_o some_o place_n like_o vast_a champion_n and_o high_a in_o other_o like_o frightful_a hill_n the_o latter_a part_n of_o which_o passage_n may_v confirm_v what_o we_o former_o deliver_v in_o another_o section_n concern_v the_o unequal_a compagination_n of_o 〈◊〉_d island_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v touch_v the_o extent_n and_o other_o dimension_n of_o float_v or_o at_o least_o loose_a piece_n of_o ice_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o add_v something_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o ice_n coherent_a to_o one_o or_o both_o of_o those_o shore_n that_o bind_v the_o water_n who_o upper_a part_n be_v congeal_v and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o shall_v out_o of_o many_o instance_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o may_v be_v borrow_v from_o the_o write_n of_o olaus_n magnus_n select_v this_o one_o memorable_a one_o that_o shall_v serve_v for_o all_o neque_fw-la minori_fw-la bellandi_fw-la impetu_fw-la say_v he_o sueci_fw-la ac_fw-la 334_o gothi_n super_fw-la aperta_fw-la glacie_n quam_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la solidissima_fw-la terra_fw-la confligunt_fw-la imo_fw-la ut_fw-la prius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la antea_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la acerrima_fw-la commissa_fw-la sunt_fw-la bella_fw-la navalia_n eisdem_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d concreta_fw-la aciebus_fw-la militari_fw-la modo_fw-la instructis_fw-la bombardis_n ordinatis_fw-la habentur_fw-la horrendi_fw-la conflictus_fw-la adeo_fw-la solida_fw-la glacies_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equestribus_fw-la turmis_fw-la sufferendis_fw-la amplitèr_fw-la vel_fw-la strictè_fw-la collocatis_fw-la i_o pretermit_v then_o what_o he_o elsewhere_o relate_v of_o the_o voyage_n and_o war_n make_v in_o winter_n by_o the_o northern_a nation_n they_o that_o have_v live_v in_o those_o country_n relate_v as_o thing_n most_o know_v and_o samiliar_a what_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o more_o than_o one_o unsuspected_a eye_n witness_n the_o long_a journey_n that_o be_v common_o take_v upon_o the_o icy_a bridge_n or_o rather_o plain_n by_o traveller_n with_o all_o their_o carriage_n to_o very_o distant_a place_n and_o that_o which_o may_v bring_v credit_n to_o these_o strange_a relation_n by_o show_v that_o no_o less_o unlikely_a one_o be_v sometime_o true_a be_v what_o all_o europe_n know_v that_o within_o these_o three_o year_n the_o whole_a swedish_n army_n lead_v on_o by_o their_o king_n march_v over_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o island_n of_o zeeland_n where_o copenhagen_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o denmark_n stand_v 43._o but_o it_o may_v seem_v much_o more_o strange_a which_o i_o will_v therefore_o add_v that_o as_o in_o the_o north_n country_n frequent_o so_o sometime_o even_o in_o the_o warm_a region_n of_o the_o east_n the_o sea_n itself_o have_v by_o the_o cold_a be_v congeal_v to_o a_o prodigious_a breadth_n insolitum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v bartholinus_n quod_fw-la refert_fw-la constantinus_n 6._o manasses_n in_o annalibus_fw-la accidisse_fw-la theophilo_n imperante_fw-la ut_fw-la hyems_fw-la saeva_fw-la mare_fw-la cogeret_fw-la in_o glaciem_fw-la ad_fw-la profunditatem_fw-la sanè_fw-la immensam_fw-la humidúinque_fw-la illud_fw-la elementum_fw-la lapidis_fw-la ad_fw-la duritiem_fw-la fluxione_fw-la prorsus_fw-la ademptâ_fw-la redigeret_fw-la and_o michael_n glycas_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 775._o 19_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o sharp_a in_o the_o east_n that_o along_o the_o coast_n the_o sea_n he_o mean_v the_o mediterranean_a be_v freeze_v for_o 50._o league_n and_o the_o ice_n be_v compact_v as_o into_o a_o rock_n 30._o cubit_n deep_a so_o strange_a a_o quantity_n of_o snow_n likewise_o fall_v that_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 30._o cubit_n above_o the_o ice_n which_o likewise_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o what_o we_o former_o note_v touch_v the_o possible_a increase_n of_o the_o height_n of_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o snow_n upon_o they_o iv._o it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o subjoin_v a_o few_o promiscuous_a observation_n concern_v ice_n that_o be_v not_o so_o ready_o reducible_a to_o the_o three_o forego_v head_n and_o we_o shall_v begin_v with_o what_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o dutch_a in_o their_o nova_n zembla_n voyage_n where_o relate_v how_o they_o fasten_v their_o ship_n to_o a_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n to_o shelter_v themselves_o from_o the_o stormy_a wind_n there_o add_v they_o we_o go_v upon_o the_o ice_n and_o wonder_v much_o thereat_o it_o be_v such_o manner_n of_o ice_n for_o on_o the_o top_n it_o be_v full_a of_o earth_n and_o there_o be_v find_v about_o 〈◊〉_d egg_n and_o it_o be_v not_o like_o other_o ice_n for_o 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sometime_o one_o of_o those_o that_o be_v style_v emphatical_a it_o be_v very_o considerable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o be_v relate_v by_o olaus_n magnus_n concern_v the_o degenerate_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v of_o ice_n from_o its_o wont_a hardness_n in_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o year_n for_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o he_o give_v we_o the_o late_o transcribe_v account_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o ice_n in_o those_o northern_a country_n after_o have_v interpose_v some_o other_o passage_n he_o subjoin_v these_o word_n liquescente_fw-la 14._o tamen_fw-la glacie_n ad_fw-la principium_fw-la aprilis_fw-la nullus_fw-la ejus_fw-la spissitudini_fw-la minus_fw-la fortitudini_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o aurora_fw-la ambulando_fw-la confidit_fw-la quia_fw-la solis_fw-la diurno_fw-la aspectu_fw-la tam_fw-la fragilis_fw-la redditur_fw-la ut_fw-la quae-equestres_a armatos_fw-la paulo_fw-la ante_fw-la portaverat_fw-la vix_fw-la hominem_fw-la nunc_fw-la sufferre_fw-la possit_fw-la inerman_n this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n to_o add_v that_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o writer_n of_o journey_n and_o voyage_n we_o meet_v with_o mention_n of_o great_a noise_n make_v by_o the_o break_n of_o ice_n and_o in_o this_o very_a chapter_n our_o archbishop_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o cleft_n that_o sometime_o happen_v in_o champion_n of_o ice_n add_v that_o when_o the_o ice_n chance_v thus_o to_o open_v especial_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o night_n the_o noise_n of_o it_o maybe_o hear_v a_o far_o off_o like_o the_o loud_a and_o horrid_a noise_n of_o thunder_n and_o of_o earthquake_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n may_v be_v subjoin_v a_o couple_n of_o passage_n extant_a in_o different_a place_n of_o the_o former_o mention_v hall_n voyage_n the_o first_o be_v thus_o deliver_v when_o we_o meet_v with_o a_o huge_a and_o high_a island_n of_o ice_n we_o steer_v hard_a to_o board_v the_o same_o and_o be_v shota_fw-la little_a too_o northwards_o of_o it_o there_o fall_v from_o the_o top_n thereof_o some_o quantity_n of_o ice_n which_o in_o the_o fall_n do_v make_v such_o a_o noise_n as_o though_o it_o have_v be_v the_o report_n
quality_n there_o will_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o bring_v in_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la upon_o who_o account_n particular_a body_n must_v be_v cold_a since_o to_o make_v this_o or_o that_o body_n so_o it_o suffice_v that_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fire_n or_o some_o other_o agent_n whatever_o it_o be_v that_o agitate_a more_o vehement_o its_o part_n before_o do_v now_o either_o cease_v to_o agitate_v they_o or_o agitate_v they_o but_o very_o remissly_a so_o that_o till_o it_o be_v determine_v whether_o can_v be_v a_o positive_a quality_n or_o but_o a_o privative_a it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o contend_v what_o particular_a body_n ought_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n above_o specify_v 4._o second_o though_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v not_o only_o by_o the_o school_n but_o by_o their_o adversary_n the_o chemist_n that_o heat_n and_o moisture_n dryness_n and_o gravity_n and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o other_o quality_n must_v have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o a_o principal_a subject_n to_o reside_v in_o upon_o who_o account_n and_o by_o participation_n of_o which_o that_o quality_n belong_v to_o the_o other_o body_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o though_o this_o be_v so_o i_o say_v yet_o we_o have_v chemist_n elsewhere_o full_o enough_o manifest_v that_o this_o fundamental_a notion_n upon_o which_o much_o of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o quality_n be_v both_o by_o aristotelian_o and_o vulgar_a chemist_n superstruct_v be_v but_o a_o unwarrantable_a conceit_n and_o therefore_o not_o sufficient_a for_o a_o wary_a naturalist_n to_o build_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la upon_z there_o be_v indeed_o many_o quality_n as_o gravity_n and_o figure_n and_o motion_n and_o colour_n and_o sound_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o no_o true_a and_o genuine_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d can_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v ever_o yet_o discover_v be_v assign_v and_o because_o heat_n and_o cold_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o diametrical_o opposite_a quality_n we_o may_v consider_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o heat_n since_o stone_n and_o metal_n and_o plant_n and_o animal_n and_o very_o few_o except_v all_o consistent_a body_n we_o be_v conversant_a with_o may_v by_o motion_n be_v bring_v to_o heat_n which_o to_o attribute_v to_o the_o participation_n of_o some_o portion_n or_o other_o of_o the_o imaginary_a element_n of_o fire_n be_v not_o only_o precarious_a be_v affirm_v by_o many_o and_o flame_n prove_v by_o none_o but_o erroneous_a or_o at_o least_o needless_a as_o we_o have_v more_o at_o large_a declare_v in_o other_o paper_n 5._o a_o three_o thing_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o question_v whether_o there_o be_v a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la be_v that_o among_o those_o body_n that_o the_o chief_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n whether_o ancient_n or_o modern_a have_v pitch_v upon_o there_o be_v not_o any_o that_o seem_v clear_o to_o deserve_v the_o title_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o to_o make_v this_o appear_v we_o must_v distinct_o though_o as_o brief_o as_o our_o design_n will_v permit_v consider_v those_o four_o several_a body_n which_o we_o have_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o section_n take_v notice_n of_o to_o stand_v in_o competition_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n for_o the_o title_n of_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 6._o first_o than_o plutarch_n and_o other_o contend_v that_o it_o be_v the_o earth_n but_o to_o omit_v other_o argument_n we_o see_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v freeze_v not_o by_o its_o own_o cold_a but_o by_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o air_n as_o may_v be_v argue_v by_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o congeal_a cold_a even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n affect_v but_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o it_o border_n on_o the_o air_n and_o seldom_o pierce_v above_o a_o few_o foot_n or_o at_o most_o yard_n beneath_o that_o part_n wherein_o the_o earth_n be_v expose_v and_o immediate_o contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o we_o have_v former_o deliver_v concern_v the_o small_a depth_n to_o which_o frost_n reach_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v protect_v from_o the_o air_n though_o by_o so_o cold_a a_o body_n as_o water_n it_o may_v be_v keep_v unfrozen_a all_o the_o winter_n long_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o that_o remarkable_a practice_n in_o the_o great_a salt-marsh_n of_o the_o french_a island_n of_o xaintonge_n where_o as_o a_o diligent_a writer_n of_o that_o country_n very_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o french_a salt_n inform_v we_o when_o once_o the_o season_n of_o coagulate_a salt_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v quite_o past_a the_o owner_n be_v careful_a by_o open_v certain_a sluice_n to_o overflow_v all_o the_o bank_n and_o dam_n that_o make_v and_o divide_v the_o salt-pond_n and_o serve_v for_o the_o workman_n to_o pass_v to_o commum_fw-la and_o fro_o for_o say_v my_o author_n in_o his_o own_o language_n if_o they_o leave_v those_o marsh_n or_o salt-work_n uncovered_v the_o frost_n will_v make_v such_o havoc_n among_o they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v they_o up_o again_o every_o year_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o water_n they_o be_v preserve_v or_o keep_v in_o repair_n from_o year_n to_o year_n which_o practise_v i_o the_o rather_o mention_v because_o the_o hint_n it_o afford_v as_o it_o be_v considerable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n so_o it_o may_v on_o some_o occasion_n be_v applicable_a to_o practice_n useful_a to_o humane_a society_n 7._o beside_o the_o earth_n be_v according_a to_o those_o we_o reason_n with_o the_o cold_a heavy_a and_o solid_a of_o element_n it_o be_v not_o so_o probable_a as_o to_o excuse_v they_o from_o the_o need_n of_o prove_v it_o that_o those_o excessive_o cold_a agent_n that_o freeze_v the_o cloud_n into_o snow_n and_o hail_n shall_v be_v 〈◊〉_d exhalation_n carry_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n especial_o since_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o agent_n either_o hard_a to_o be_v guess_v at_o or_o considerable_o hot_a and_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o if_o elementary_a corpuscle_n steam_v from_o the_o earth_n have_v such_o a_o congeal_a cold_a where_o they_o be_v disunite_v and_o but_o intersperse_v among_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n the_o mass_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o whence_o those_o exhalation_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v shall_v not_o be_v able_a also_o to_o congeal_v water_n since_o the_o terrestrial_a corpuscle_n be_v more_o thick_o set_v and_o unite_v in_o a_o clod_n of_o earth_n then_o in_o a_o equal_a portion_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o seem_v that_o where_o the_o frigorifick_a matter_n be_v more_o dense_a the_o cold_a shall_v be_v more_o vehement_a as_o philosopher_n observe_v that_o heat_n be_v more_o intense_a in_o a_o glow_a bar_n of_o iron_n than_o a_o equal_a portion_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o kindle_a straw_n 8._o but_o not_o to_o repeat_v what_o we_o former_o mention_v about_o cold_n be_v a_o privation_n there_o be_v another_o argument_n against_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o that_o be_v take_v from_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n which_o break_v forth_o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o aetna_n vesuvius_n hecla_n the_o pico_n of_o tenariffe_n etc._n etc._n seem_v to_o argue_v a_o subterraneal_a fire_n upon_o who_o existence_n not_o only_o many_o chemist_n build_v great_a matter_n but_o even_o divers_a philosopher_n have_v adopt_v it_o and_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la himself_n seem_v so_o far_o to_o countenance_v it_o as_o to_o employ_v it_o as_o one_o argument_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o neither_o hot_a nor_o cold_a the_o mention_n of_o this_o subterraneal_a fire_n bring_v into_o my_o mind_n some_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o good_a though_o not_o classic_a author_n and_o among_o man_n that_o have_v be_v either_o digger_n of_o or_o conversant_a in_o mine_n not_o improper_a to_o be_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n about_o the_o central_n fire_n either_o of_o the_o chemist_n or_o cartesian_o and_o though_o the_o example_n new_o mention_v and_o such_o other_o seem_v to_o i_o but_o very_o inconsiderable_a in_o reference_n to_o the_o whole_a earth_n yet_o it_o be_v observable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o subterraneal_a heat_n or_o warmth_n at_o least_o general_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o for_o even_o where_o there_o appear_v no_o manifest_a sign_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n i_o have_v know_v those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o deep_a mine_n complain_v that_o a_o very_a
disapprove_v because_o it_o be_v likely_a and_o indeed_o we_o find_v it_o so_o by_o experience_n that_o the_o external_a air_n will_v first_o freeze_v the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o stem_n and_o thereby_o hinder_v its_o ascent_n and_o perhaps_o occasion_v the_o burst_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o say_a stem_n 8._o wherefore_o though_o for_o want_n of_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o some_o liquor_n that_o will_v neither_o freeze_v like_o water_n and_o aqueous_a body_n nor_o congeal_v like_o common_a oil_n and_o the_o like_a unctuous_a juice_n we_o find_v it_o for_o a_o while_n somewhat_o difficult_a to_o practice_v the_o experiment_n yet_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o the_o indisposition_n that_o brine_n have_v to_o congelation_n we_o make_v so_o strong_a a_o brine_n with_o common_a salt_n that_o with_o it_o and_o as_o i_o remember_v with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n also_o of_o which_o we_o chance_v to_o have_v some_o quantity_n by_o we_o we_o 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a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n to_o be_v far_o more_o intense_a then_o that_o of_o the_o mere_a ambient_fw-la air_n alone_o we_o endeavour_v to_o measure_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v how_o much_o the_o one_o exceed_v the_o other_o and_o though_o we_o find_v that_o by_o prosecute_a the_o late_o mention_v trial_n in_o the_o glass-egg_n by_o the_o application_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n to_o the_o elliptical_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o liquor_n rise_v by_o our_o estimate_n near_o four_o inch_n more_o than_o those_o five_o which_o it_o have_v rise_v already_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o include_v air_n by_o the_o bare_a cold_a of_o the_o external_a yet_o by_o prosecute_a the_o other_o experiment_n make_v the_o 29._o of_o january_n at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o we_o be_v make_v it_o we_o do_v somewhat_o more_o accurate_o determine_v the_o matter_n for_o by_o apply_v ice_n and_o salt_n to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n we_o find_v that_o the_o include_v air_n be_v contract_v from_o 1965._o space_n to_o which_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n have_v reduce_v it_o into_o 1860._o space_n so_o that_o the_o circumposition_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n do_v as_o much_o nay_o somewhat_o more_o condense_a it_o after_o the_o mere_a cold_a of_o the_o external_a air_n have_v contract_v it_o as_o far_o as_o it_o can_v than_o the_o bare_a though_o intense_a cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n can_v condense_a it_o at_o first_o and_o the_o great_a degree_n of_o adventitious_a cold_a we_o be_v able_a to_o give_v by_o the_o help_n of_o nature_n or_o of_o art_n do_v not_o make_v the_o air_n expose_v to_o it_o lose_v a_o full_a ten_o part_n of_o its_o former_a dimension_n on_o which_o occasion_n it_o may_v not_o be_v unworthy_a observation_n that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o the_o proportion_n in_o which_o the_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o condense_a the_o air_n and_o that_o wherein_o the_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o expand_v water_n 10._o this_o be_v all_o that_o at_o present_a i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v concern_v the_o interest_n that_o wind_n may_v have_v in_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o those_o other_o particular_n wherewith_o i_o not_o long_o since_o say_v that_o i_o intend_v to_o close_v up_o this_o section_n and_o i_o may_v on_o this_o occasion_n subjoin_v many_o thing_n but_o partly_o haste_n and_o partly_o other_o consideration_n will_v confine_v i_o to_o those_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o air_n in_o a_o more_o general_a way_n 11._o and_o first_o we_o will_v observe_v that_o cold_a may_v hinder_v in_o a_o almost_o incredible_a measure_n the_o warm_a operation_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o air_n not_o only_o in_o the_o hot_a part_n of_o the_o day_n for_o that_o may_v sometime_o happen_v even_o in_o our_o climate_n but_o at_o several_a time_n of_o the_o day_n even_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n 12._o i_o remember_v i_o once_o accidental_o meet_v with_o a_o intelligent_a and_o sober_a gentleman_n who_o have_v several_a time_n sail_v upon_o the_o frigid_a zone_n and_o though_o a_o intervening_a accident_n separate_v we_o so_o sudden_o that_o i_o have_v not_o opportunity_n to_o obtain_v from_o he_o the_o resolution_n of_o above_o two_o or_o three_o question_n yet_o this_o i_o learn_v of_o he_o belong_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o journal_n he_o keep_v he_o call_v to_o mind_n that_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o greenland_n he_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o snow_n all_o midsummer_a night_n which_o affirmation_n of_o so_o credible_a a_o person_n embolden_v i_o to_o add_v some_o other_o relation_n which_o i_o shall_v else_o have_v scruple_v at_o 13._o mr._n logan_n a_o english_a merchant_n that_o wintered_a at_o pecora_n one_o of_o the_o northern_a town_n of_o muscovy_n relate_v that_o be_v there_o at_o a_o great_a salmon-fishing_a there_o happen_v about_o the_o close_a of_o august_n which_o in_o many_o country_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v the_o hot_a time_n of_o all_o the_o year_n so_o strong_a a_o frost_n which_o last_v till_o the_o four_o day_n that_o the_o 542._o ozera_n be_v freeze_v over_o and_o the_o ice_n drive_v in_o the_o river_n to_o and_o again_o break_v all_o the_o net_n so_o that_o they_o get_v no_o salmon_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o for_o their_o own_o victual_n 14._o captain_n g._n weymouth_n mention_n that_o in_o july_n though_o he_o be_v not_o near_o the_o latitude_n of_o nova_n zembla_n much_o less_o of_o greenland_n yet_o sail_v in_o a_o thick_a fog_n when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o darkness_n it_o occasion_v he_o think_v good_a to_o take_v 811._o in_o some_o of_o his_o sail_n when_o his_o man_n come_v to_o hand_n they_o they_o find_v their_o sail_n rope_n and_o tackle_n so_o hard_o freeze_v that_o it_o do_v say_v he_o seem_v very_o strange_a unto_o we_o be_v in_o the_o chief_a time_n of_o summer_n 560._o 15._o in_o the_o five_o voyage_n of_o the_o english_a to_o cherry_n island_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 74._o and_o 75._o degree_n of_o latitude_n they_o observe_v that_o the_o wind_n be_v at_o north-east_n upon_o the_o 24._o of_o july_n it_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o the_o ice_n do_v hang_v on_o their_o 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o the_o seven_o voyage_n which_o be_v make_v three_o year_n after_o to_o the_o same_o island_n they_o mention_v that_o on_o the_o 14._o of_o july_n the_o wind_n be_v 564._o northerly_a they_o have_v both_o snow_n and_o frost_n 16._o the_o next_o thing_n that_o we_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o be_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o that_o quality_n whatever_o they_o be_v be_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o the_o air_n but_o of_o this_o
ambassador_n dr._n fletcher_n speak_v of_o the_o cold_a that_o sometime_o happen_v in_o russia_n witness_v thus_o much_o of_o it_o divers_a say_v he_o not_o only_o that_o travel_n abroad_o but_o in_o the_o very_a 415._o market_n and_o street_n of_o their_o town_n be_v mortal_o pinch_v and_o kill_v with_o all_o so_o that_o you_o shall_v see_v many_o drop_n down_o in_o the_o street_n many_o traveller_n bring_v into_o the_o town_n sit_v dead_a and_o stiff_a in_o their_o sled_n divers_a lose_v their_o nose_n the_o tip_n of_o their_o ear_n and_o the_o ball_n of_o their_o cheek_n their_o toe_n foot_n etc._n etc._n many_o time_n when_o the_o winter_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o extreme_a the_o bear_n and_o wolf_n issue_v by_o troop_n out_o of_o the_o wood_n drive_v by_o hunger_n and_o enter_v the_o village_n tear_v and_o raven_v all_o they_o can_v find_v so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v fain_o to_o flee_v for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o their_o life_n 15._o to_o descend_v now_o to_o observation_n that_o do_v some_o what_o more_o punctual_o set_v forth_o the_o more_o particular_a phaenomena_n of_o cold_a in_o reference_n to_o man_n body_n take_v the_o follow_a observation_n the_o 15._o of_o march_n some_o of_o their_o man_n that_o have_v be_v abroad_o to_o kill_v deer_n return_v so_o disable_v with_o cold_a which_o do_v rise_v up_o in_o blister_n under_o the_o sol_n of_o their_o foot_n and_o upon_o their_o leg_n to_o the_o bigness_n of_o walnut_n that_o they_o can_v not_o recover_v their_o former_a estate_n which_o be_v not_o very_o well_o in_o a_o fortnight_n after_o this_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o the_o hollander_n where_o speak_v of_o their_o prepare_v springe_n to_o take_v fox_n they_o add_v 497._o that_o they_o do_v it_o with_o no_o small_a trouble_n for_o that_o if_o they_o stay_v long_o without_o door_n there_o arise_v blister_n upon_o their_o face_n and_o ear_n we_o do_v daily_o find_v by_o experience_n say_v captain_n james_n that_o the_o cold_a in_o 64._o the_o wood_n will_v freeze_v our_o face_n or_o any_o part_n of_o our_o 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v bare_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o mortify_v etc._n etc._n 16._o the_o dutch_a speak_v of_o the_o pain_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o take_v to_o dig_v away_o the_o snow_n that_o cover_v the_o house_n and_o choke_v up_o their_o door_n add_v that_o in_o that_o laborious_a work_n 497._o they_o be_v force_v to_o use_v great_a speed_n for_o they_o can_v not_o long_o endure_v without_o the_o house_n because_o of_o the_o extreme_a cold_a although_o they_o wear_v fox_n skin_n about_o their_o head_n and_o double_a apparel_n upon_o their_o back_n 17._o the_o late_o mention_v captain_n james_n relate_v that_o in_o charleton_n island_n he_o be_v fain_o to_o cut_v the_o hair_n of_o his_o head_n short_a and_o shave_v away_o all_o the_o hair_n of_o his_o face_n because_o the_o icicle_n that_o 56._o will_v be_v fasten_v to_o it_o make_v it_o as_o he_o speak_v become_v intolerable_a 18._o and_o he_o elsewhere_o relate_v that_o once_o he_o and_o his_o companion_n have_v be_v for_o a_o little_a while_n part_v into_o two_o company_n have_v their_o face_n hair_n and_o clothes_n so_o freeze_v over_o that_o they_o can_v not_o know_v each_o other_o by_o their_o habit_n nor_o 52._o which_o be_v a_o considerable_a circumstance_n for_o who_o sake_n chief_o i_o mention_v this_o passage_n by_o their_o voice_n 19_o and_o the_o same_o author_n give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o gunner_n of_o his_o ship_n who_o he_o call_v a_o strong_a heart_a man_n and_o who_o die_v before_o the_o end_n of_o november_n he_o have_v say_v our_o author_n a_o close_o board_v cabin_n in_o the_o gun-room_n which_o be_v very_o close_o indeed_o and_o as_o many_o clothes_n on_o he_o as_o be_v convenient_a for_o we_o want_v no_o clothes_n and_o a_o pan_n with_o coal_n of_o fire_n continual_o in_o his_o cabin_n for_o all_o which_o warmth_n his_o plaster_n will_v freeze_v at_o his_o wound_n and_o 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with_o a_o iron_n instrument_n i_o be_v invite_v especial_o be_v at_o another_o place_n where_o i_o be_v unfurnish_a with_o such_o hollow_a iron_n ball_n as_o be_v mention_v num._n the_o 10._o to_o substitute_v the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o cause_v a_o skilful_a smith_n to_o take_v a_o pistol_n barrel_n guess_v to_o be_v of_o about_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o of_o a_o proportionable_a bore_n and_o when_o he_o have_v by_o rivet_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n exact_o stop_v the_o touchhole_n i_o cause_v he_o to_o fit_a to_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n a_o screw_n to_o go_v as_o close_o as_o well_o he_o can_v make_v it_o and_o then_o have_v fill_v it_o to_o the_o very_a top_n with_o water_n i_o cause_v the_o screw_n to_o be_v thrust_v in_o which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o the_o effusion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o water_n as_o forcible_o as_o the_o party_n i_o employ_v be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o that_o the_o water_n dilate_v by_o congelation_n may_v not_o either_o 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shall_v have_v make_v more_o trial_n at_o least_o if_o not_o also_o more_o satisfactory_a one_o if_o i_o can_v have_v have_v fish_n and_o vessel_n and_o cold_a weather_n at_o command_n but_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n though_o the_o tradition_n we_o have_v be_v examine_v may_v perhaps_o have_v some_o thing_n of_o truth_n in_o it_o yet_o it_o seem_v to_o deserve_v to_o be_v further_o inquire_v into_o both_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o death_n of_o fish_n in_o freeze_a pond_n and_o river_n and_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o cause_n whereto_o that_o effect_n be_v impute_v i_o meet_v with_o a_o odd_a passage_n in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v circumstantial_o enough_o set_v down_o may_v prove_v of_o moment_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a and_o therefore_o though_o i_o will_v not_o build_v any_o thing_n on_o it_o yet_o i_o shall_v not_o omit_v it_o the_o 82._o nine_o say_v he_o we_o hoist_v out_o our_o beer_n and_o cydar_n and_o make_v a_o raft_n of_o it_o fasten_v it_o to_o our_o shore-anchor_n the_o beer_n and_o cydar_n sink_v present_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v nothing_o strange_a to_o we_o for_o that_o any_o wood_n or_o pipe-stave_n that_o have_v lie_v under_o the_o ice_n all_o winter_n will_v also_o sink_v down_o so_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v heave_v over_o board_n about_o the_o duration_n of_o ice_n i_o forget_v through_o haste_n to_o add_v a_o relation_n of_o capt._n james_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o though_o wine_n abound_v with_o very_o spirituous_a and_o nimble_a part_n whence_o it_o resist_v congelation_n far_o more_o than_o water_n yet_o if_o even_o this_o liquor_n come_v once_o to_o be_v congeal_v the_o ice_n make_v of_o it_o may_v be_v very_o durable_a for_o he_o set_v down_o in_o his_o journal_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o his_o ship_n again_o he_o find_v a_o but_o of_o wine_n that_o have_v be_v all_o the_o 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and_o 12._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n we_o row_v to_o another_o piece_n of_o ice_n and_o cast_v out_o our_o lead_n and_o find_v that_o it_o lay_v 18._o fathom_n deep_a fast_o on_o the_o ground_n under_o the_o water_n and_o 10._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n that_o snow_n lie_v long_o and_o too_o long_o on_o the_o ground_n do_v much_o conduce_v to_o the_o fertilize_n of_o it_o be_v a_o common_a observation_n of_o our_o husbandman_n and_o bartholinus_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o use_n of_o snow_n bring_v several_a passage_n out_o of_o author_n to_o make_v it_o good_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o learned_a english_a ambassador_n dr._n fletcher_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o hasty_a growth_n of_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o great_a empire_n of_o russia_n give_v this_o account_n of_o it_o this_o fresh_a and_o speedy_a growth_n of_o the_o 415._o spring_n there_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o snow_n which_o all_o the_o winter_n time_n be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o a_o white_a robe_n and_o keep_v it_o warm_a from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o frost_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n wax_v warm_a and_o dissolve_v it_o into_o water_n do_v so_o thorough_o drench_v and_o soak_v the_o ground_n that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o slight_a and_o sandymold_n and_o then_o shine_v so_o hot_o upon_o it_o again_o that_o it_o draw_v the_o herb_n and_o plant_n forth_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n as_o we_o make_v some_o trial_n to_o discover_v whether_o congelation_n will_v destroy_v or_o considerable_o alter_v the_o odour_n of_o body_n so_o we_o have_v the_o like_a curiosity_n in_o reference_n to_o divers_a other_o quality_n not_o only_o those_o that_o be_v repute_v manifest_a as_o colour_n and_o taste_v the_o latter_a of_o which_o we_o sometime_o find_v to_o be_v notable_o change_v for_o the_o worse_a in_o 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the_o bottom_n of_o some_o deep_a well_o or_o river_n for_o six_o or_o eight_o week_n during_o which_o time_n the_o liquor_n will_v be_v so_o well_o settle_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v in_o the_o constitution_n it_o have_v so_o long_o obtain_v that_o afterward_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v in_o almost_o the_o same_o state_n and_o for_o divers_a month_n continue_v a_o sweet_a and_o not_o yet_o ferment_v liquor_n which_o some_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o french_a and_o latin_n call_v in_o one_o word_n must._n and_o how_o by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a well_o apply_v some_o other_o juice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o work_v early_o and_o to_o be_v thereby_o soon_o spoil_v may_v be_v long_o keep_v from_o work_v the_o reader_n may_v perchance_o learn_v in_o
no_o better_a success_n than_o i_o have_v have_v before_o so_o that_o the_o argument_n may_v be_v plausible_o enough_o retort_v upon_o they_o that_o urge_v it_o 19_o and_o in_o case_n the_o trial_n shall_v succeed_v sometime_o or_o other_o for_o that_o it_o do_v not_o ordinary_o i_o have_v show_v already_o yet_o will_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o derive_v the_o effect_n from_o antiperistasis_n for_o though_o in_o such_o case_n the_o fire_n will_v contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n by_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o snow_n yet_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v but_o remote_o and_o by_o accident_n cause_v the_o production_n of_o ice_n since_o other_o agent_n will_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v qualify_v to_o make_v a_o quick_a dissolution_n of_o the_o snow_n whether_o they_o be_v hot_a or_o no_o as_o i_o have_v try_v that_o spirit_n and_o crude_a salt_n of_o nitre_n will_v either_o of_o they_o by_o a_o due_a application_n bring_v snow_n by_o dissolve_v it_o to_o congeal_v water_n though_o the_o spirit_n and_o the_o nitre_n be_v general_o agree_v upon_o to_o actual_o cold_a and_o one_o if_o not_o both_o of_o they_o to_o be_v potential_o cold_a too_o 20._o have_v thus_o dispatch_v the_o experiment_n pretend_v to_o evince_v a_o antiperistasis_n i_o must_v now_o examine_v the_o observation_n that_o be_v allege_v to_o that_o purpose_n of_o which_o the_o principal_a if_o not_o the_o only_a be_v these_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air._n the_o increase_n of_o man_n stomach_n in_o winter_n the_o generation_n of_o hail_n and_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneal_a place_n when_o the_o contrary_a quality_n reign_v in_o the_o air._n 21._o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o i_o will_v not_o now_o dispute_v whether_o the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n have_v real_o that_o coldness_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o it_o though_o our_o friend_n mr._n boyle_n seem_v to_o doubt_v whether_o that_o region_n be_v always_o and_o every_o where_o cold_a have_v be_v as_o strong_o prove_v as_o assert_v but_o pass_v over_o that_o question_n i_o see_v no_o need_n of_o implore_v the_o help_n of_o antiperistasis_n to_o keep_v the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n for_o the_o most_o part_n cool_v for_o without_o at_o all_o take_n in_o the_o cause_n imagine_v by_o the_o school_n a_o obvious_a and_o sufficient_a one_o may_v be_v easy_o assign_v for_o the_o air_n be_v as_o to_z sense_n cold_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n so_o that_o when_o we_o feel_v it_o hot_a it_o be_v make_v so_o by_o some_o adventitious_a agent_n and_o that_o agent_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o sun_n who_o heat_v the_o air_n chief_o though_o not_o only_o by_o its_o reflect_a beam_n their_o heat_n be_v so_o languid_a by_o that_o time_n they_o arrive_v disperse_v at_o the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o overpower_v its_o natural_a coldness_n increase_v perchance_o by_o some_o frigorifick_a spirit_n that_o may_v find_v a_o more_o commodious_a harbour_n there_o then_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o whatever_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o coldness_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n i_o can_v but_o admire_v to_o find_v that_o coldness_n so_o 〈◊〉_d ascribe_v to_o antiperistasis_n by_o themistius_n and_o his_o friend_n the_o aristotelian_o for_o according_a to_o they_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o element_n of_o air_n to_o be_v as_o well_o hot_a as_o moist_a and_o according_a to_o the_o same_o peripatetic_n both_o the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air_n always_o and_o the_o low_a in_o summer_n be_v hot_a the_o former_a by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o imaginary_a element_n of_o fire_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n from_o the_o earth_n which_o two_o position_n be_v lay_v together_o i_o will_v fain_o learn_v of_o any_o aristotelian_a how_o antiperistasis_n come_v to_o take_v place_n here_o for_o according_a to_o they_o those_o body_n have_v their_o cold_a and_o heat_n increase_v by_o antiperistasis_n that_o be_v on_o both_o hand_n assail_v by_o body_n of_o a_o contrary_a quality_n to_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a to_o the_o surround_v body_n whereas_o the_o whole_a element_n of_o air_n and_o consequent_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v as_o they_o will_v persuade_v we_o hot_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n what_o shadow_n of_o probability_n be_v there_o that_o the_o high_a and_o low_a region_n by_o be_v hot_a shall_v make_v the_o middle_a region_n which_o be_v also_o natural_o hot_a intense_o and_o durable_o cold_a but_o though_o the_o objection_n be_v so_o clear_a that_o it_o need_v not_o to_o be_v insist_v on_o yet_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o argument_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la i_o shall_v add_v this_o for_o their_o sake_n that_o be_v not_o in_o this_o point_n peripatetic_n that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v natural_o rather_o cold_a then_o hot_a the_o second_o region_n must_v owe_v the_o intenseness_n of_o that_o quality_n to_o antiperistasis_n for_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o opinion_n i_o oppose_v be_v this_o that_o both_o the_o first_o and_o the_o three_o region_n be_v considerable_o hot_a i_o will_v glad_o find_v it_o prove_v as_o to_o the_o upper_a region_n i_o confess_v i_o have_v not_o find_v the_o assertion_n contradict_v but_o that_o as_o little_a convince_v i_o as_o the_o uncontrouledness_n of_o the_o tradition_n about_o quicklime_n that_o i_o late_o confute_v it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v two_o reason_n allege_v to_o evince_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o supreme_a region_n of_o the_o air_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o to_o i_o seem_v cogent_a for_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o vicinity_n of_o this_o region_n to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n make_v it_o partake_v a_o high_a degree_n of_o heat_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o distance_n of_o that_o element_n which_o they_o place_v contiguous_a to_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o how_o little_a near_o to_o it_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a region_n be_v than_o the_o convex_a of_o the_o middle_n we_o may_v easy_o conceive_v that_o in_o two_o distance_n that_o be_v both_o of_o they_o so_o immense_a so_o small_a a_o disparity_n can_v be_v much_o if_o at_o all_o more_o considerable_a than_o the_o great_a nearness_n of_o one_o side_n of_o a_o sheet_n of_o paper_n hold_v at_o three_o yard_n distance_n from_o a_o ordinary_a fire_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o paper_n or_o then_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o small_a wart_n and_o of_o the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o face_n when_o a_o man_n come_v within_o 2._o or_o 3._o yard_n of_o the_o fire_n but_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o prosecute_v this_o consideration_n because_o the_o argument_n against_o which_o it_o be_v allege_v be_v build_v upon_o the_o groundless_a supposition_n of_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n a_o figment_n which_o many_o of_o themselves_o do_v daily_o grow_v ashamed_a of_o as_o indeed_o its_o existence_n be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o reason_n as_o perceive_v by_o sense_n 22._o the_o other_o argument_n for_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v that_o fiery_a meteor_n be_v kindle_v by_o it_o but_o not_o now_o to_o question_v whether_o all_o meteor_n that_o shine_v and_o therefore_o pass_v for_o fiery_a be_v real_o kindle_v exhalation_n we_o see_v that_o in_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n and_o in_o winter_n those_o fire_n that_o be_v call_v either_o helena_n or_o castor_n and_o pollux_n be_v generate_v in_o great_a storm_n and_o hang_v about_o the_o sail_n and_o shroud_n of_o ship_n nay_o do_v not_o we_o much_o more_o frequent_o see_v that_o lightning_n be_v produce_v at_o all_o season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o in_o warm_a country_n thousand_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o thunder_n and_o so_o have_v i_o in_o winter_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air._n and_o since_o it_o be_v not_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o kindle_v those_o exhalation_n and_o if_o notwithstanding_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o second_o region_n fiery_a meteor_n may_v be_v frequent_o generate_v there_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o production_n of_o such_o meteor_n shall_v argue_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o air._n and_o if_o that_o region_n be_v not_o hot_a than_o it_o will_v i_o presume_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o second_o must_v very_o improper_o be_v attribute_v to_o such_o a_o antiperistasis_n as_o it_o be_v general_o ascribe_v to_o 23._o i_o come_v next_o to_o consider_v
ready_o diffuse_v in_o imperceptible_a particle_n through_o the_o air_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v upon_o the_o open_n of_o issue_n in_o some_o man_n arm_n that_o though_o no_o smoke_n be_v visible_a in_o summer_n it_o will_v be_v very_o conspicuous_a in_o exceed_v sharp_a weather_n though_o man_n arm_n at_o least_o the_o external_a part_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v less_o heat_n in_o frosty_a weather_n then_o in_o summer_n since_o in_o the_o former_a of_o those_o season_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v manifest_o more_o slender_a the_o fleshy_a part_n and_o juice_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air._n and_o though_o the_o insensible_a transpiration_n that_o continual_o exhale_v from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o our_o body_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v visible_a here_o even_o in_o winter_n yet_o in_o extreme_o cold_a country_n as_o nova_n zembla_n or_o charleton_n island_n those_o effluvia_fw-la have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o to_o be_v thicken_v but_o to_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n itself_o sometime_o within_o the_o seaman_n shoe_n and_o here_o in_o england_n have_v not_o long_o since_o employ_v a_o labour_a man_n to_o dig_v a_o deep_a hole_n in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n two_o servant_n of_o i_o that_o stand_v by_o to_o see_v he_o work_v do_v both_o of_o they_o assure_v i_o when_o they_o return_v that_o the_o steam_n of_o his_o heat_a body_n be_v freeze_v upon_o the_o outside_n of_o his_o waistcoat_n which_o one_o of_o they_o while_o the_o other_o be_v about_o to_o give_v i_o notice_n of_o it_o inconsiderate_o wipe_v off_o 43._o and_o since_o we_o see_v how_o fast_o the_o water_n in_o pond_n and_o ditch_n waste_n and_o decrease_v in_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o it_o do_v then_o continual_o emit_v exhalation_n as_o well_o if_o not_o much_o more_o 〈◊〉_d then_o in_o winter_n which_o may_v be_v manifest_o confirm_v by_o this_o that_o in_o the_o summer_n one_o shall_v often_o see_v in_o the_o morning_n or_o 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some_o year_n in_o one_o of_o the_o cold_a plantation_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n relate_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v the_o brick_n he_o have_v employ_v about_o building_n to_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o be_v spoil_v by_o the_o long_a and_o vehement_a frost_n of_o the_o winter_n there_o where_o he_o likewise_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o usual_a thing_n for_o the_o house_n build_v of_o brick_n to_o decay_v in_o few_o year_n by_o far_o then_o here_o in_o england_n which_o he_o say_v be_v general_o and_o as_o he_o think_v true_o impute_v to_o the_o excessive_a cold_a which_o make_v the_o brick_n apt_a to_o crumble_v and_o moulder_v away_o but_o though_o i_o dare_v not_o lay_v much_o weight_n on_o this_o observation_n unless_o i_o know_v whether_o the_o brick_n be_v sufficient_o burn_v and_o free_a from_o pebble_n 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o heat_n that_o burn_v the_o brick_n yet_o we_o must_v not_o deny_v that_o extreme_a cold_n may_v be_v able_a to_o shatter_v or_o dissolve_v the_o texture_n of_o as_o close_v and_o solid_a body_n as_o brick_n especial_o if_o the_o aqueous_a moisture_n be_v not_o sufficient_o drive_v away_o if_o we_o will_v admit_v what_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v mention_v in_o another_o treatise_n out_o of_o a_o very_a learned_a and_o credible_a author_n of_o the_o power_n that_o a_o sreeze_a degree_n of_o cold_a have_v have_v to_o break_v even_o solid_a marble_n and_o much_o less_o shall_v we_o doubt_v the_o possibility_n of_o what_o the_o physician_n relate_v if_o we_o will_v not_o reject_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o learned_a olaus_n 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o which_o instrument_n make_v even_o of_o so_o hard_a a_o metal_n as_o brass_n be_v not_o privilege_v from_o the_o destructive_a operation_n of_o some_o degree_n of_o cold._n for_o exit_fw-la aere_fw-la facta_fw-la opera_fw-la say_v he_o in_o his_o curious_a musaeum_fw-la 122._o vi_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quandoque_fw-la rumpuntur_fw-la quod_fw-la tamen_fw-la pauci_fw-la credunt_fw-la id_fw-la 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the_o doctor_n add_v that_o they_o use_v to_o rub_v the_o freeze_a meat_n and_o fish_n with_o snow_n and_o that_o he_o once_o examine_v a_o man_n who_o in_o his_o youth_n have_v be_v freeze_v all_o over_o and_o inform_v the_o doctor_n that_o have_v have_v occasion_n in_o a_o journey_n to_o quit_v his_o sle_z for_o a_o while_n and_o do_v some_o exercise_n that_o have_v almost_o make_v he_o sweat_v be_v careless_a of_o himself_o when_o he_o return_v to_o the_o sle_z again_o he_o be_v freeze_v all_o over_o and_o have_v so_o die_v have_v not_o the_o company_n by_o accident_n take_v notice_n of_o he_o and_o by_o rub_v he_o over_o with_o snow_n and_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o like_a mean_n recover_v he_o again_o but_o he_o tell_v the_o doctor_n that_o by_o this_o whole_a accident_n he_o be_v put_v to_o