antoninus_n pius_n take_v a_o great_a care_n to_o defend_v the_o empire_n than_o enlarge_v its_o bound_n and_o as_o to_o marcus_n antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o compass_n the_o design_n he_o have_v of_o reduce_v sarmatia_n into_o a_o province_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n maximin_n have_v no_o better_a success_n against_o they_o and_o since_o his_o time_n the_o empire_n decline_v apace_o till_o probus_n revive_v their_o spirit_n again_o this_o great_a man_n subdue_v the_o german_n and_o give_v the_o sarmatian_n so_o many_o overthrow_v that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o territory_n they_o have_v usurp_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o predecessor_n they_o be_v again_o defeat_v by_o dioclesian_n and_o constantius_n but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o they_o become_v subject_n to_o the_o roman_n valentinian_n defeat_v they_o some_o time_n after_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v pannoma_n and_o moesia_n and_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n and_o begin_v to_o form_n a_o commonwealth_n under_o lochus_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 550._o they_o have_v preserve_v their_o liberty_n ever_o since_o though_o they_o have_v be_v often_o reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n but_o they_o never_o pay_v tribute_n to_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v true_a that_o their_o king_n michael_n wieznowisky_n have_v the_o weakness_n to_o agree_v to_o pay_v a_o yearly_o tribute_n to_o the_o turk_n but_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n refuse_v to_o ratify_v the_o treaty_n and_o bold_o assert_v their_o right_n and_o liberty_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o john_n sobiesky_n grand_a mareshal_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v afterward_o elect_v king_n and_o force_v the_o turk_n to_o renounce_v the_o pretend_a tribute_n that_o michael_n have_v promise_v they_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v so_o numerous_a and_o brave_a that_o it_o seem_v moral_o impossible_a to_o conquer_v their_o country_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v well_o unite_v and_o the_o surprise_v progress_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o in_o three_o month_n time_n conquer_a almost_o that_o kingdom_n signify_v nothing_o in_o this_o case_n for_o that_o prince_n be_v call_v in_o by_o some_o of_o the_o polander_n themselves_o and_o the_o other_o will_v not_o fight_v for_o their_o king_n the_o precipitate_v retreat_n of_o the_o swede_n when_o the_o pole_n return_v to_o their_o duty_n show_v how_o little_a they_o be_v able_a to_o conquer_v poland_n but_o i_o leave_v off_o this_o subject_a to_o speak_v a_o word_n as_o to_o this_o book_n the_o first_o part_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n in_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o king_n of_o their_o diet_n custom_n manner_n ceremony_n religion_n coin_n etc._n etc._n be_v owing_n to_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v reside_v many_o year_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o merit_n as_o well_o as_o character_n can_v better_o inform_v himself_o of_o the_o matter_n he_o treat_v of_o than_o man_n of_o ordinary_a birth_n and_o capacity_n the_o appendix_n contain_v a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o far_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o instrument_n of_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n the_o rise_v progress_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o socinian_o be_v partly_o abstract_v from_o history_n and_o private_a memoires_n of_o person_n that_o may_v be_v depend_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o election_n of_o frederick_n augustus_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o best_a intelligence_n that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o have_v from_o poland_n consider_v the_o confusion_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o country_n and_o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o competitor_n be_v state_v and_o relate_v as_o they_o have_v be_v communicate_v by_o the_o eye-witness_n of_o those_o transaction_n the_o content_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n p._n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o poland_n into_o province_n p._n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n with_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o war_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v engage_v with_o they_o p._n 12_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o tartar_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_v their_o original_a division_n of_o their_o country_n manner_n and_o history_n of_o their_o action_n and_o how_o they_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o turk_n p._n 27_o chap._n v._o of_o ukrania_n and_o the_o cossack_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o livonian_o p._n 37_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n p._n 76_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n p._n 81_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o general_n p._n 97_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o senate_n a_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o the_o bishop_n p._n 98_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o palatine_n castellan_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n p._n 107_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n p._n 113_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v not_o senator_n p._n 118_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la p._n 120_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n p._n 124_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o diet_n in_o general_n p._n 128_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n p._n 137_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n p._n 144_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la or_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n p._n 147_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n p._n 153_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n p._n 161_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n p._n 164_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o estate_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 174_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o custom_n humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 184_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o their_o religion_n p._n 191_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n p._n 194_o chap._n xxvi_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n p._n 196_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o diet_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 200_o chap._n xxviii_o their_o way_n of_o travel_v p._n 205_o chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o polish_v money_n p._n 209._o a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o history_n of_o poland_n p._n 212._o a_o panegyrical_n character_n of_o the_o last_o king_n john_n iii_o with_o a_o account_n of_o his_o principal_a action_n and_o death_n p._n 221_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a care_n they_o take_v of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n p._n 223._o the_o form_n of_o king_n casimire_n abdication_n p._n 225._o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o state_n publish_v on_o that_o cecasion_n p._n 228._o the_o rise_n of_o socinianism_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o sect._n p._n 230_o edict_n of_o king_n sigismond_n against_o the_o socinian_o p._n 233._o edict_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n against_o they_o p._n 236._o a_o letter_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o p._n 238._o a_o petition_n of_o the_o socinian_o send_v some_o year_n ago_o into_o england_n represent_v brief_o their_o miserable_a condition_n p._n 248._o where_o now_o settle_a p._n 250._o account_v of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n with_o some_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o late_a king_n and_o a_o short_a character_n of_o the_o several_a candidate_n for_o that_o crown_n p._n 251_o the_o proposal_n make_v by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o master_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n p._n 274._o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la sworn_n to_o by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o warsaw_n p._n 278_o a_o great_a embassy_n appoint_v to_o go_v and_o offer_v the_o crown_n to_o the_o elector_n with_o the_o remarkable_a speech_n of_o the_o first_o ambassador_n on_o that_o occasion_n p._n 281._o the_o king_n speech_n to_o the_o nobility_n assemble_v to_o congratulate_v he_o p._n 288._o his_o coronation_n p._n 293._o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n arrival_n at_o dantzick_n etc._n etc._n p._n 295_o the_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n poland_n be_v a_o republic_n compose_v of_o two_o estate_n the_o crown_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o crown_n be_v proper_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v unite_v to_o it_o in_o the_o
he_o none_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o cham_n drive_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o the_o peninsula_n without_o the_o grand_a signior_n assistance_n who_o he_o suspect_v to_o be_v the_o contriver_n and_o promoter_n of_o the_o rebellion_n conclude_v that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o have_v such_o a_o design_n he_o will_v have_v deliver_v they_o up_o long_o before_o or_o at_o least_o will_v have_v keep_v they_o so_o secure_a that_o they_o can_v not_o have_v make_v their_o escape_n at_o the_o some_o time_n amurath_n who_o be_v still_o engage_v in_o the_o war_n with_o the_o persian_n send_v to_o require_v muchmetkirey_n assistance_n no_o long_o as_o a_o friend_n but_o as_o a_o master_n and_o in_o a_o haughty_a and_o imperious_a manner_n which_o so_o enrage_v the_o cham_n that_o he_o begin_v to_o commit_v hostility_n against_o the_o grand_a signior_n without_o declare_v war._n he_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o caffa_n and_o press_v it_o so_o hard_a in_o a_o few_o day_n that_o the_o turk_n who_o be_v not_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n because_o they_o be_v not_o afraid_a of_o be_v attack_v by_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v their_o ally_n have_v resolve_v to_o surrender_v it_o in_o two_o day_n time_n if_o they_o be_v not_o relieve_v then_o amurath_n who_o be_v extreme_o alarm_v at_o so_o unexpected_a a_o expedition_n sont_fw-fr for_o one_o assan_n a_o tartar_n who_o he_o have_v keep_v a_o long_a time_n prisoner_n and_o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o bastard-brother_n of_o machmetkirey_n he_o speak_v to_o he_o in_o a_o very_a oblige_a manner_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o if_o he_o will_v obey_v his_o order_n he_o will_v advance_v he_o to_o great_a honour_n that_o the_o cham_fw-mi of_o tartary_n have_v declare_v war_n against_o he_o without_o any_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v a_o tyrant_n and_o abuse_v his_o subject_n so_o barbarous_o that_o they_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o bear_v his_o cruelty_n and_o that_o if_o he_o will_v undertake_v to_o invade_v crim_n tartary_n he_o will_v furnish_v he_o with_o money_n and_o a_o army_n to_o deliver_v his_o countryman_n from_o their_o inhuman_a oppressor_n assan_n who_o have_v never_o dream_v of_o exchange_v his_o chain_n for_o a_o sceptre_n transport_v with_o joy_n at_o the_o prospect_n of_o so_o happy_a a_o turn_n in_o his_o fortune_n ready_o accept_v amurath_n offer_n he_o be_v declare_v viceroy_n of_o tartary_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n to_o who_o he_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o to_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n and_o afterward_o have_v receive_v the_o golden_a standard_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o his_o investiture_n he_o depart_v from_o constantinople_n with_o 40_o galley_n command_v by_o general_n ochiali_n and_o arrive_v in_o a_o few_o day_n at_o caffa_n just_a as_o that_o city_n be_v go_v to_o be_v surrender_v to_o machmetkirey_n after_o he_o have_v relieve_v caffa_n he_o endeavour_v by_o present_n and_o promise_v to_o gain_v the_o principal_a person_n among_o the_o tartar_n to_o his_o side_n and_o to_o induce_v they_o either_o to_o kill_v the_o cham_fw-mi or_o to_o deliver_v he_o up_o alive_a to_o he_o he_o find_v it_o no_o difficult_a task_n to_o debauch_v their_o fidelity_n for_o the_o grand_a signior_n have_v furnish_v he_o with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o money_n and_o it_o be_v the_o general_a weakness_n of_o the_o oriental_a nation_n that_o they_o be_v very_o easy_o bribe_v thus_o have_v secure_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o they_o and_o even_o some_o of_o the_o chain_n be_v most_o faithful_a friend_n he_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v massacr_v with_o his_o two_o son_n after_o which_o he_o be_v acknowledge_v cham_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o acquire_v the_o esteem_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o subject_n by_o his_o extraordinary_a liberality_n to_o they_o it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o crim_n tartar_n who_o till_o then_o be_v a_o free_a people_n become_v vassal_n to_o their_o ancient_a ally_n and_o by_o the_o way_n this_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v we_o what_o success_n may_v be_v expect_v from_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o turk_n the_o tartar_n be_v natural_o so_o barbarous_a and_o cruel_a and_o of_o so_o haughty_a and_o imperious_a a_o temper_n that_o they_o despise_v all_o those_o who_o profess_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n and_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o beast_n so_o that_o when_o they_o obtain_v any_o advantage_n over_o they_o they_o impose_v insupportable_a condition_n upon_o they_o thus_o the_o tartar_n who_o inhabit_v along_o the_o volga_n impose_v very_o shameful_a and_o dishonourable_a condition_n upon_o the_o muscovite_n when_o they_o force_v they_o to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o they_o anno_fw-la 1470._o after_o they_o have_v ravage_v muscovy_n and_o subdue_v part_n of_o the_o country_n they_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o czar_n or_o great_a duke_n shall_v pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o tartar_n which_o he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o send_v to_o they_o on_o horseback_n that_o he_o shall_v go_v himself_o on_o foot_n with_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o court_n to_o meet_v the_o person_n who_o shall_v come_v to_o demand_v the_o say_a tribute_n even_o though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o postilion_n or_o groom_n that_o the_o czar_n shall_v in_o a_o very_a respectful_a manner_n present_v he_o with_o a_o pot_n of_o mares-milk_n to_o drink_v that_o if_o any_o one_o drop_n of_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v spill_v upon_o his_o horse_n mane_n the_o duke_n himself_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o lick_v it_o off_o with_o his_o tongue_n that_o he_o shall_v spread_v a_o fine_a sable_a fur_n under_o the_o foot_n of_o he_o who_o shall_v read_v the_o prince_n of_o tartary_n letter_n that_o he_o and_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o muscovy_n shall_v hear_v they_o read_v upon_o their_o knee_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v blind_o obey_v all_o his_o order_n even_o though_o he_o shall_v command_v they_o to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o christian_n in_o the_o year_n 1226_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n pudicus_fw-la the_o crim_n tartar_n make_v a_o terrible_a irruption_n into_o poland_n overrun_v all_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n and_o have_v pass_v the_o vistula_n at_o zavichost_n ravage_v the_o country_n and_o carry_v away_o a_o great_a booty_n into_o russia_n after_o they_o have_v secure_v their_o prey_n they_o return_v to_o poland_n where_o they_o commit_v far_o great_a barbarity_n and_o as_o if_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v their_o insatiable_a desire_n of_o plunder_n they_o march_v as_o far_o as_o silesia_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o oppelen_n ratibor_n and_o lignitz_n have_v join_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n and_o the_o troop_n of_o great_a poland_n resolve_v to_o attack_v they_o but_o be_v themselves_o unfortunate_o defeat_v and_o the_o slaughter_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o barbarian_n carry_v away_o with_o they_o nine_o sack_n full_a of_o earring_n which_o they_o have_v cut_v from_o the_o christian_n after_o the_o battle_n some_o time_n after_o in_o the_o same_o reign_n the_o tartar_n return_v into_o poland_n with_o a_o great_a army_n accompany_v by_o leo_n and_o romanus_n duke_n of_o russia_n who_o though_o they_o profess_v the_o christian_a faith_n scruple_v not_o to_o join_v with_o its_o mortal_a enemy_n after_o they_o have_v overrun_v the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n sandomir_n and_o cracow_n they_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n but_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n be_v also_o desirous_a to_o enrich_v themselves_o with_o booty_n make_v incursion_n into_o massovia_n and_o lithuania_n where_o boleslaus_n defeat_v they_o and_o romanus_n be_v afterward_o kill_v at_o zavichost_n a_o small_a city_n on_o the_o vistula_n about_o two_o league_n below_o sandomir_n but_o as_o if_o those_o first_o incursion_n which_o the_o tartar_n make_v into_o poland_n have_v only_o serve_v for_o a_o whet_v to_o their_o ravenous_a appetite_n they_o return_v again_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o leseus_n niger_n in_o the_o year_n 1279_o with_o a_o terrible_a army_n and_o carry_v away_o so_o many_o slave_n that_o have_v count_v they_o at_o vlodzimir_n a_o town_n of_o upper_a volhinia_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o russia_n they_o find_v that_o there_o be_v twenty_o thousand_o young_a woman_n among_o the_o captive_n i_o may_v venture_v to_o affirm_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v invade_v poland_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o almost_o all_o its_o king_n in_o that_o of_o john_n albert_n they_o make_v a_o irruption_n into_o volhinia_n in_o the_o year_n 1493._o and_o in_o the_o same_o reign_n be_v join_v by_o the_o turk_n they_o make_v such_o a_o dreadful_a incursion_n into_o that_o miserable_a country_n that_o after_o they_o have_v sack_v premislia_n jeroslaw_n and_o several_a other_o city_n they_o carry_v away_o above_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o
be_v not_o entire_o unite_v to_o the_o kingdom_n till_o the_o year_n 1501_o by_o albert_n duke_n of_o lithuania_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n this_o duchy_n contain_v eight_o palatinate_n viz._n vilnae_n troki_n bressici_fw-la nowogrodeck_n minsk_n mseislaw_n vitepsk_n and_o polosk_n it_o be_v a_o hundred_o league_n long_o and_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o broad_a and_o be_v border_v by_o muscovy_n on_o the_o north_n and_o east_n by_o russia_n and_o volhinia_n on_o the_o south_n and_o by_o samogitia_n prussia_n and_o podlachia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v the_o nieman_n and_o the_o dzwina_n the_o province_n of_o russia_n which_o be_v unite_v to_o poland_n by_o king_n casimir_n the_o great_a anno_fw-la 1341_o be_v border_v by_o lithuania_n on_o the_o north_n and_o by_o the_o mountain_n of_o hungary_n and_o transilvania_n on_o the_o south_n it_o have_v upper_a volhinia_n and_o upper_a podolia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o little_a poland_n on_o the_o west_n it_o contain_v three_o palatinate_n leopold_n chelm_fw-ge and_o belch_n the_o principal_a river_n that_o run_v through_o it_o be_v the_o bugg_n bokutia_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o leopold_n be_v a_o small_a country_n border_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o niester_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n it_o be_v sell_v to_o poland_n with_o the_o town_n of_o sniatyn_n and_o kolomey_n upon_o the_o river_n prut_fw-mi by_o alexander_n palatin_n of_o valachia_n for_o 500_o ounce_n of_o silver_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o pokutia_n be_v halioz_n on_o the_o niester_n whither_o lewis_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n transfer_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o leopold_n anno_fw-la 1375_o with_o a_o design_n to_o join_v russia_n podâ—lia_n and_o pokutia_n to_o hungary_n because_o of_o their_o sertility_n but_o the_o whole_a polish_v nobility_n take_v up_o arm_n to_o oppose_v that_o enterprise_n and_o make_v so_o much_o noise_n about_o it_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o the_o archbishopric_n be_v restore_v to_o leopold_n prussia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o balâ—â—k_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n with_o great_a poland_n and_o masâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d the_o east_n with_o lithuania_n and_o on_o the_o west_n 〈…〉_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v long_a 〈◊〉_d with_o a_o cruel_a and_o bloody_a war_n about_o the_o procession_n of_o this_o province_n for_o when_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o syria_n by_o the_o saracen_n they_o be_v receive_v by_o conrade_n duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o brother_n to_o lescus_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o find_v himself_o unable_a to_o defend_v his_o country_n against_o the_o continual_a incursion_n of_o the_o idolatrous_a prussian_n call_v in_o those_o knight_n to_o his_o assistance_n in_o the_o year_n 1228_o promise_v they_o half_o of_o what_o they_o can_v conquer_v in_o prussia_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n put_v they_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o province_n of_o culm_n till_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o country_n this_o be_v the_o fatal_a spring_n of_o all_o the_o difference_n which_o engage_v poland_n in_o a_o war_n that_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o so_o obstinate_a a_o fury_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n grow_v at_o last_o so_o formidable_a to_o their_o neighbour_n and_o by_o successive_a victory_n raise_v their_o power_n to_o such_o a_o height_n that_o after_o they_o have_v subdue_v all_o prussia_n they_o give_v many_o battle_n to_o the_o polander_n who_o can_v never_o utter_o expel_v they_o though_o they_o sometime_o obtain_v considerable_a victory_n over_o they_o as_o in_o the_o battle_n which_o jagillon_n fight_v against_o grunwald_n and_o tanneberg_n in_o the_o year_n 1400._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o teutonick_n knight_n be_v so_o proud_a of_o their_o new_a conquest_n that_o forget_v their_o original_a and_o scorn_v the_o humble_a and_o samiliar_a name_n of_o brother_n with_o which_o their_o religious_a constitution_n oblige_v they_o to_o content_v themselves_o they_o begin_v open_o to_o claim_v the_o title_n of_o lord_n notwithstanding_o the_o pious_a zeal_n of_o their_o great_a master_n vlric_n who_o endeavour_v to_o oppose_v so_o scandalous_a a_o innovation_n and_o though_o they_o be_v frequent_o beat_v by_o the_o polander_n they_o cease_v not_o to_o continue_v the_o war_n because_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o emperor_n and_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o austrian_a family_n can_v never_o endure_v that_o the_o polander_n shall_v recover_v prussia_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a instance_n when_o sigismond_n k._n of_o poland_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o diet_n at_o augsburg_n anno_fw-la 1530_o to_o justify_v his_o pretension_n to_o that_o province_n the_o difference_n be_v adjust_v in_o favour_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o execution_n of_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v_n the_o resolution_n of_o the_o diet_n take_v no_o effect_n these_o knight_n assume_v such_o a_o absolute_a and_o independent_a authority_n that_o they_o will_v not_o submit_v even_o to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o pope_n for_o locticus_n king_n of_o poland_n have_v send_v to_o avignon_n to_o complain_v that_o these_o military_a friar_n have_v usurp_v one_o of_o his_o province_n the_o pope_n order_v they_o to_o restore_v it_o upon_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n but_o they_o have_v so_o little_a regard_n to_o his_o menace_n that_o they_o refuse_v positive_o to_o quit_v their_o possession_n under_o the_o same_o loctâ—us_a the_o chancellor_n of_o pomerania_n a_o factious_a man_n and_o a_o secret_a enemy_n to_o his_o sovereign_n plot_v to_o deliver_v up_o that_o province_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n but_o he_o be_v take_v and_o put_v in_o prison_n before_o he_o can_v execute_v his_o treacherous_a design_n nevertheless_o the_o king_n pardon_v he_o at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o brother_n however_o it_o seem_v the_o affront_n he_o think_v he_o have_v receive_v make_v a_o strong_a impression_n upon_o he_o than_o the_o spare_n of_o his_o life_n for_o not_o long_o after_o he_o put_v several_a town_n of_o pomerania_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o city_n of_o danâ—â—c_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n one_o bâ—â—â—sia_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o citadel_n of_o daâ—tzâ—c_n for_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n defend_v that_o place_n and_o acquaint_v his_o master_n with_o the_o present_a exigency_n of_o his_o affair_n but_o before_o the_o polanâ—â—_n can_v come_v up_o to_o his_o assistance_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o call_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d knight_n allow_v they_o half_o the_o government_n of_o the_o ciradel_n of_o dartzie_n provide_v they_o will_v defend_v it_o entire_o a_o whole_a year_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o citadel_n be_v not_o only_o preserve_v but_o the_o town_n itself_o be_v retake_v but_o the_o polander_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o boast_v of_o that_o success_n for_o their_o pretend_a friend_n be_v so_o far_o from_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o promise_a reward_n of_o their_o service_n that_o they_o resolve_v to_o make_v themselves_o the_o sole_a master_n of_o the_o citadel_n notwithstanding_o the_o repeat_v remonstrance_n of_o bogusta_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o faithful_a polander_n and_o this_o open_a violation_n of_o a_o solemn_a treaty_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o bloody_a war_n which_o create_v so_o implacable_a a_o animosity_n betwixt_o the_o polander_n and_o their_o encroach_a neighbour_n that_o the_o least_o pretence_n be_v sufficient_a to_o rekindle_v the_o flame_n and_o afterward_o when_o casimir_n the_o grandson_n of_o locticus_n renew_v his_o complaint_n against_o they_o and_o prevail_v with_o the_o pope_n to_o excommunicate_v they_o if_o they_o will_v not_o restore_v that_o usurp_a province_n they_o slight_v both_o he_o and_o his_o excommunication_n but_o at_o last_o by_o the_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v betwixt_o casimir_n and_o the_o order_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o the_o great_a master_n shall_v be_v acknowledge_v as_o a_o prince_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o republic_n under_o the_o protection_n and_o dominion_n of_o poland_n some_o time_n after_o the_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n call_v the_o royal_a and_o ducal_z prussia_n albert_n of_o brandenburg_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n have_v turn_v lutheran_n and_o be_v marry_v fix_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o province_n and_o sigismond_n yield_v up_o to_o he_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v remain_v a_o vassal_n to_o poland_n and_o by_o the_o peace_n of_o oliva_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1660_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n be_v final_o yield_v up_o to_o the_o elector_n of_o brendâ—â—â—ing_n thus_o at_o present_a it_o
of_o england_n expect_v the_o issue_n either_o of_o a_o peace_n or_o of_o a_o battle_n soon_o after_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v with_o the_o turk_n of_o which_o the_o king_n immediate_o send_v a_o account_n to_o prince_n michael_n of_o radziwill_n order_v he_o to_o communicate_v the_o news_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o the_o queen_n who_o remain_v at_o janowiecs_n upon_o the_o vistula_n over_o against_o casimir_n by_o this_o peace_n the_o polander_n yield_v up_o podolia_n and_o vkrania_n which_o be_v the_o best_a country_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o dominion_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o fat_a and_o fertile_a that_o they_o never_o dung_n it_o and_o though_o they_o sow_v it_o but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n it_o yield_v a_o plentiful_a harvest_n of_o corn_n every_o year_n asparagus_n grow_v in_o the_o untilled_a field_n and_o the_o forest_n be_v full_a of_o tree_n which_o bear_v excellent_a fruit._n and_o beside_o the_o loss_n of_o vkrania_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o considerable_a because_o it_o produce_v abundance_n of_o salt-petre_a to_o make_v powder_n which_o the_o polander_n stand_v more_o in_o need_n of_o than_o any_o other_o nation_n because_o their_o country_n lie_v open_a on_o all_o side_n and_o by_o consequence_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o incursion_n of_o many_o enemy_n this_o be_v the_o last_o and_o the_o great_a loss_n that_o poland_n have_v sustain_v in_o its_o war_n with_o the_o port_n so_o that_o the_o kingdom_n be_v now_o bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o black_a russia_n as_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v a_o irreconcilable_a aversion_n to_o the_o polander_n because_o of_o the_o great_a difference_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o make_v they_o look_v upon_o one_o another_o as_o beast_n the_o moscovite_n be_v no_o less_o enemy_n to_o the_o republic_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n or_o rather_o contrariety_n both_o of_o their_o inclination_n and_o religion_n for_o all_o the_o moscovite_n be_v schismatical_a greek_n and_o the_o polander_n be_v general_o roman-catholic_n in_o the_o last_o war_n that_o be_v kind_a i_o will_v betwixt_o these_o nation_n the_o muscovite_n take_v from_o the_o polander_n the_o dutchy_n or_o palatinate_n of_o smolensko_n siberia_n and_o czernichowia_fw-la which_o belong_v to_o lithuania_n beside_o that_o of_o kiowia_fw-la the_o poslession_n of_o which_o be_v only_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o a_o truce_n and_o not_o by_o any_o treaty_n of_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o polander_n may_v one_o day_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v these_o province_n but_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v at_o present_a in_o a_o condition_n to_o make_v good_a their_o pretension_n that_o they_o prolong_v the_o truce_n with_o the_o muscovite_n from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n and_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o nation_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o polander_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o muscovite_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o french_a in_o regard_n to_o the_o spaniard_n for_o as_o the_o spaniard_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o french_a in_o the_o field_n the_o polander_n have_v the_o same_o advantage_n over_o the_o muscovite_n when_o they_o be_v not_o entrench_v even_o though_o their_o army_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n as_o nature_n have_v give_v the_o latter_a less_o courage_n she_o have_v make_v they_o superior_a to_o the_o other_o in_o subtlety_n and_o cunning._n i_o may_v allege_v several_a instance_n to_o confirm_v and_o illustrate_v this_o truth_n but_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1581._o king_n steven_n battori_n have_v reduce_v the_o muscovite_n to_o such_o a_o straight_o that_o they_o solicit_v he_o for_o a_o peace_n which_o not_o be_v able_a to_o obtain_v of_o that_o prince_n upon_o the_o condition_n they_o desire_v they_o entreat_v the_o pope_n to_o intercede_v in_o their_o behalf_n so_o true_a it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n to_o have_v recourse_n to_o artifices_fw-la and_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n which_o they_o can_v execute_v by_o force_n for_o though_o as_o i_o intimate_v before_o they_o be_v all_o schismatical_a greek_n and_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o their_o church_n yet_o in_o their_o necessity_n they_o scruple_v not_o to_o implore_v his_o assistance_n and_o even_o give_v he_o some_o reason_n to_o hope_v that_o they_o may_v be_v prevail_v with_o to_o embrace_v the_o catholic_n faith_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pope_n give_v so_o much_o credit_n to_o their_o insinuation_n that_o he_o immediate_o dispatch_v anthony_n possevin_n to_o muscovy_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n receive_v he_o with_o so_o many_o mark_n of_o a_o sincere_a affection_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v real_o resolve_v to_o become_v a_o convert_n but_o this_o be_v only_o a_o artifice_n to_o amuse_v the_o pope_n that_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o nuncio_n he_o may_v obtain_v either_o a_o peace_n or_o a_o truce_n as_o he_o real_o do_v for_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o advantage_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v over_o the_o muscovite_n he_o grant_v they_o a_o truce_n for_o ten_o year_n and_o restore_v all_o that_o he_o have_v take_v from_o they_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n yield_v up_o to_o he_o at_o the_o same_o time_n all_o that_o he_o possess_v in_o livonia_n but_o it_o will_v not_o appear_v so_o surprise_v that_o the_o muscovite_n shall_v solicit_v the_o mediation_n of_o the_o pope_n if_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o scandalous_a method_n they_o take_v to_o beg_v the_o grand_a signior_n assistance_n against_o vladislaus_n iv_o king_n of_o poland_n during_o the_o war_n in_o which_o they_o be_v engage_v with_o that_o prince_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n anno_fw-la 1633._o during_o my_o long_a abode_n in_o lithuania_n which_o border_n upon_o muscovy_n i_o be_v confirm_v in_o my_o former_a opinion_n concern_v the_o artificial_a conduct_n of_o the_o muscovite_n by_o the_o many_o instance_n which_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n relate_v of_o the_o ungenerous_a subtlety_n of_o their_o troublesome_a neighbour_n i_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o muscovite_n never_o invade_v poland_n but_o when_o they_o see_v it_o engage_v in_o other_o war_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n employ_v elsewhere_o the_o muscovite_n have_v entertain_v a_o uninterrupted_a peace_n with_o the_o polander_n after_o the_o treaty_n conclude_v with_o king_n vladislaus_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1634._o by_o which_o they_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o the_o dutchy_n of_o siberia_n and_o czernichovia_n with_o all_o the_o land_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o mile_n beyond_o those_o country_n yet_o contrary_a to_o the_o express_a article_n of_o a_o treaty_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o firm_o establish_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v of_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o swede_n into_o poland_n in_o 1655._o they_o enter_v into_o lithuania_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 60000_o man_n and_o take_v the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o vilna_n but_o though_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o conduct_v of_o the_o muscovite_n with_o respect_n to_o their_o neighbour_n resemble_v that_o of_o the_o spaniard_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o their_o temper_n and_o character_n be_v very_o different_a for_o the_o spaniard_n be_v civil_a and_o humane_a and_o the_o muscovite_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v general_o rude_a and_o unpolished_a and_o extreme_o cruel_a as_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n king_n john_n casimir_n have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n march_v into_o lithuania_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o retake_v the_o city_n of_o vilna_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n but_o the_o castle_n make_v a_o obstinate_a defence_n because_o the_o muscovite_n who_o command_v in_o it_o be_v so_o cruel_a that_o no_o man_n dare_v talk_v of_o surrender_v nevertheless_o this_o be_v not_o the_o most_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o his_o cruelty_n for_o he_o order_v one_o of_o his_o prisoner_n who_o be_v a_o priest_n to_o be_v put_v into_o a_o great_a mortar_n and_o shoot_v into_o the_o air_n as_o a_o bomb._n however_o the_o castle_n be_v at_o last_o reduce_v by_o mean_n of_o some_o foreign_a officer_n who_o find_v themselves_o press_v by_o the_o polander_n and_o fear_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v no_o capitulation_n allow_v they_o seize_v the_o governor_n and_o put_v he_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o cause_v his_o head_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o because_o of_o his_o cruelty_n to_o the_o priest_n and_o when_o they_o want_v a_o hangman_n to_o perform_v the_o execution_n his_o own_o cook_n offer_v to_o do_v it_o with_o his_o chopping-knife_n add_v that_o he_o be_v
glad_a of_o such_o a_o opportunity_n to_o be_v revenge_v for_o the_o ill_a usage_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o according_o he_o cut_v off_o his_o master_n head_n upon_o a_o log_n of_o wood_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o beef_n and_o be_v force_v to_o give_v he_o several_a slash_n before_o he_o can_v entire_o separate_v his_o head_n from_o his_o body_n stephen_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n besiege_v the_o city_n of_o polotta_n in_o muscovy_n anno_fw-la 1579._o and_o after_o a_o most_o vigorous_a resistance_n the_o besiege_a find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o hold_v out_o long_o offer_v to_o surrender_v the_o place_n the_o capitulation_n be_v at_o last_o agree_v upon_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o garrison_n and_o inhabitant_n except_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o governor_n who_o continual_o animate_v the_o soldier_n and_o the_o burgher_n to_o make_v a_o obstinate_a defence_n represent_v to_o they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v more_o honourable_a to_o die_v in_o the_o service_n of_o their_o prince_n than_o to_o save_v their_o life_n by_o a_o ignominious_a treaty_n and_o indeed_o neither_o the_o bishop_n nor_o the_o governor_n will_v sign_v the_o capitulation_n but_o retire_v into_o the_o church_n of_o st._n sophia_n whence_o steven_n battori_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v forth_o and_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o treasurer_n of_o lithuania_n when_o the_o polish_v garrison_n enter_v the_o town_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o to_o receive_v the_o store_n and_o ammunition_n according_a to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n they_o be_v surprise_v to_o behold_v so_o many_o mark_n of_o a_o horrible_a and_o brutish_a cruelty_n which_o the_o muscovite_n have_v practise_v on_o the_o polish_v prisoner_n they_o find_v some_o of_o they_o most_o barbarous_o tear_v in_o piece_n some_o half_a boil_a in_o great_a kettle_n with_o their_o hand_n tie_v behind_o their_o back_n and_o other_o who_o have_v be_v miserable_o butcher_v by_o rip_v up_o their_o belly_n the_o polander_n be_v so_o transport_v with_o rage_n and_o indignation_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o such_o a_o dismal_a scene_n of_o horror_n that_o they_o will_v have_v revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o countryman_n upon_o the_o whole_a muscovitish_a garrison_n but_o king_n stephen_n generous_o consider_v that_o no_o provocation_n can_v excuse_v the_o breach_n of_o a_o solemn_a treaty_n restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o send_v the_o muscovite_n back_o to_o their_o own_o country_n under_o the_o convoy_n of_o two_o troop_n of_o horse_n i_o can_v easy_o produce_v many_o other_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v natural_o cruel_a i_o return_v now_o to_o that_o memorable_a irruption_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v into_o poland_n with_o so_o much_o violence_n and_o success_n that_o king_n john_n casimir_n and_o his_o queen_n lovise_n mary_n be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o retire_v into_o silesia_n for_o almost_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o even_o the_o polish_v army_n have_v abandon_v they_o and_o follow_v the_o rapidity_n of_o the_o conqueror_n fortune_n but_o the_o polander_n afterward_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o fault_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o forsake_v their_o king_n and_o those_o who_o have_v still_o continue_v faithful_a to_o he_o resume_v fresh_a courage_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o general_n czarneski_n they_o by_o degree_n expel_v the_o swede_n who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o of_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o three_o day_n thus_o the_o kingdom_n be_v reconquer_v and_o the_o swede_n be_v oblige_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n prince_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o be_v jealous_a of_o a_o neighbour_a conqueror_n that_o they_o be_v even_o willing_a to_o assist_v a_o former_a enemy_n against_o the_o unequal_a force_n of_o a_o ambitious_a and_o successful_a invader_n for_o when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o poland_n at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o polander_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o cossack_n who_o have_v besiege_v leopold_n the_o muscovite_n who_o have_v also_o invade_v lithuania_n immediate_o quit_v that_o duchy_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o swede_n in_o livonia_n in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o diversion_n and_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v natural_o enemy_n to_o all_o christian_n and_o in_o a_o particular_a manner_n to_o the_o polish_v nation_n not_o only_o send_v a_o potent_a army_n to_o assist_v the_o k._n of_o poland_n but_o force_v the_o cossack_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o leopold_n and_o to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o induce_v the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o tartar_n to_o succour_v the_o polander_n oblige_v the_o emperor_n also_o to_o send_v they_o some_o troop_n but_o he_o make_v they_o pay_v dear_a for_o his_o assistance_n for_o the_o saltwork_n be_v mortgage_v to_o he_o for_o some_o year_n he_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o be_v make_v and_o export_v that_o the_o work_n be_v almost_o ruin_v nor_o be_v the_o muscovite_n and_o tartar_n the_o only_a troublesome_a neighbour_n to_o poland_n for_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a relation_n that_o the_o misfortune_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n owe_v to_o the_o german_n vladislaus_n jagellon_n king_n of_o poland_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n who_o be_v master_n of_o prussia_n and_o have_v raise_v a_o powerful_a army_n of_o polander_n lithuanian_n and_o prussian_n be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o overpower_v his_o enemy_n and_o to_o expel_v they_o utter_o out_o of_o his_o dominion_n when_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n desire_v he_o to_o refer_v the_o difference_n that_o occasion_v the_o war_n to_o his_o arbitration_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o grant_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n a_o truce_n for_o two_o year_n jagellon_n accept_v the_o offer_n and_o disband_v his_o army_n but_o since_o the_o emperor_n design_v only_o to_o gain_v time_n that_o the_o knight_n may_v be_v able_a to_o put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o desence_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v care_n to_o adjust_a these_o difference_n that_o he_o be_v glad_a the_o polander_n be_v divide_v fear_v that_o after_o they_o have_v drive_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o will_v make_v a_o vigorous_a attempt_n to_o retake_v silesia_n which_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v late_o usurp_v king_n jagellon_n perceive_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v disappoint_v he_o send_v to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o it_o seem_v sigismond_n have_v either_o forget_v or_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o remember_v the_o service_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v do_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 1414_o when_o they_o oblige_v the_o turk_n to_o restore_v all_o the_o prisoner_n they_o have_v take_v and_o to_o grant_v he_o a_o truce_n for_o six_o year_n and_o that_o jagellon_fw-mi not_o only_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n which_o the_o revolt_a hussites_n have_v offer_v he_o but_o exhort_v they_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o their_o prince_n thus_o without_o consider_v those_o important_a service_n and_o without_o examine_v the_o matter_n he_o give_v judgement_n against_o the_o polander_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n which_o so_o incense_v king_n jagellon_n that_o he_o dispatch_v one_o immediate_o to_o reproach_v he_o with_o his_o ingratitude_n and_o injustice_n and_o to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o renounce_v his_o friendship_n whereupon_o sigismond_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v himself_o by_o pretend_v that_o he_o be_v impose_v upon_o by_o the_o knight_n though_o the_o emperor_n know_v that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v just_a cause_n to_o be_v angry_a with_o he_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o seem_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o resentment_n that_o he_o go_v as_o far_o as_o luceoria_n to_o see_v he_o and_o his_o uncle_n vitold_v pretend_v a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o they_o though_o his_o real_a design_n be_v to_o divide_v '_o they_o he_o know_v that_o the_o latter_a be_v a_o violent_a and_o ambitious_a prince_n and_o that_o his_o nephew_n have_v entrust_v he_o with_o a_o very_a great_a authority_n in_o lithuania_n and_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o opportunity_n to_o corrupt_v his_o fidelity_n and_o inspire_v he_o with_o a_o inclination_n to_o revolt_v he_o insinuate_v that_o a_o prince_n of_o so_o much_o merit_n ought_v not_o to_o depend_v â—pon_o his_o nephew_n but_o to_o think_v how_o
to_o make_v himself_o at_o least_o his_o equal_a add_v that_o since_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o erect_v new_a kingdom_n as_o be_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o will_v make_v he_o king_n of_o lithuania_n and_o send_v he_o the_o crown_n with_o all_o the_o other_o royal_a ornament_n to_o which_o vitold_v reply_v that_o though_o he_o will_v not_o refuse_v the_o offer_n he_o can_v â—ot_n accept_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n his_o nephew_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n have_v receive_v this_o answer_n he_o go_v to_o jagellon_n and_o represent_v to_o he_o that_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o nation_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o oppose_v that_o design_n if_o the_o senate_n will_v consent_v to_o it_o the_o senator_n be_v assemble_v for_o that_o end_n and_o vitold_v present_a the_o archbishop_z of_o gnesna_n who_o sigismond_n have_v bring_v over_o to_o his_o side_n have_v make_v a_o long_a and_o confuse_a discourse_n without_o come_v to_o any_o certain_a conclusion_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n rise_v up_o in_o his_o place_n and_o blame_v vitold_n design_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o zeal_n and_o boldness_n put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o article_n agree_v upon_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o he_o and_o confirm_v by_o mutual_a oath_n by_o which_o they_o have_v unite_v lithuania_n to_o poland_n that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n for_o a_o prince_n of_o his_o age_n and_o who_o have_v acquire_v so_o much_o glory_n to_o discover_v so_o irregular_a a_o ambition_n that_o will_v infallible_o expose_v both_o the_o polander_n and_o lithuanian_n to_o unavoidable_a ruin_n add_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o sigismund_n kindness_n be_v treacherous_a and_o fatal_a that_o he_o ought_v to_o suspect_v a_o present_a that_o be_v offer_v he_o by_o their_o common_a enemy_n that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v only_o to_o create_v a_o jealousy_n betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o nephew_n that_o he_o may_v execute_v his_o design_n upon_o two_o disunited_a prince_n which_o he_o dare_v not_o attempt_v while_o they_o be_v friend_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o set_v a_o great_a value_n on_o the_o favour_n and_o kindness_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o king_n his_o nephew_n and_o from_o the_o polander_n than_o upon_o the_o vain_a and_o deceitful_a promise_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o german_n never_o have_v any_o real_a kindness_n either_o for_o he_o or_o the_o king_n that_o they_o have_v often_o violate_v the_o condition_n of_o peace_n agree_v on_o between_o the_o two_o nation_n and_o that_o under_o the_o pretext_n of_o do_v they_o good_a office_n they_o have_v make_v frequent_a attempt_n to_o ruin_v they_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o the_o king_n have_v prefer_v he_o before_o his_o own_o brother_n by_o entrust_v he_o with_o so_o great_a a_o authority_n in_o lithuania_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v delude_v by_o the_o pernicious_a insinuation_n of_o sigismond_n and_o that_o he_o hope_v so_o wise_a and_o judicious_a a_o prince_n will_v neither_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v impose_v upon_o nor_o the_o glory_n of_o so_o many_o illustrious_a action_n which_o he_o have_v perform_v to_o be_v stain_v by_o the_o treacherous_a artifices_fw-la of_o his_o enemy_n this_o harangue_n be_v applaud_v by_o the_o whole_a senate_n which_o so_o exasperate_v vitold_v that_o he_o go_v out_o of_o the_o assembly_n after_o he_o have_v assure_v they_o that_o since_o they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o comply_v with_o he_o he_o will_v find_v some_o other_o way_n to_o compass_v his_o design_n thus_o the_o senate_n break_v up_o and_o king_n jagellon_n return_v to_o poland_n but_o sigismond_n stay_v some_o time_n with_o vitold_a at_o luceoria_n after_o which_o he_o go_v immediate_o to_o hungary_n lest_o the_o polander_n who_o he_o have_v offend_v shall_v raise_v some_o disturbance_n in_o that_o country_n and_o some_o time_n after_o he_o send_v a_o fine_a present_n to_o vitold_a as_o a_o pledge_n of_o the_o league_n they_o have_v enter_v into_o upon_o certain_a condition_n the_o king_n leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o secure_v himself_o against_o the_o attempt_n of_o his_o uncle_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o ill_a effect_n of_o the_o advice_n which_o sigismond_n have_v give_v he_o to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o lithuania_n for_o he_o have_v receive_v information_n that_o he_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o tentonic_a knight_n by_o the_o emperor_n advice_n and_o mediation_n vitold_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o design_n force_v the_o lithuanian_n to_o take_v a_o new_a oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o and_o place_v garrison_n in_o the_o town_n of_o lithuania_n that_o border_v upon_o poland_n jagellon_fw-mi not_o be_v able_a to_o dissuade_v his_o uncle_n vitold_v from_o pursue_v the_o unnatural_a resolution_n with_o which_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v inspire_v he_o and_o understanding_n that_o he_o be_v sudden_o to_o be_v crown_v give_v order_n to_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o those_o who_o shall_v be_v send_v to_o he_o and_o to_o surprise_v they_o in_o their_o journey_n from_o prussia_n to_o lithuania_n and_o according_o the_o chamberlain_z of_o posnania_n who_o receive_v that_o order_n seize_v two_o of_o those_o envoy_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n viz._n baptista_n cigale_n of_o genova_n and_o sigismond_n roth_n of_o silesia_n who_o be_v go_v to_o vitold_a in_o lithuania_n and_o take_v from_o they_o the_o letter_n which_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o he_o those_o letter_n be_v write_v to_o satisfy_v he_o that_o a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o a_o emperor_n have_v power_n to_o erect_v new_a kingdom_n these_o envoy_n be_v also_o entrust_v with_o letter_n patent_n for_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n into_o a_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o they_o be_v impower_v to_o treat_v of_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n against_o the_o polander_n the_o king_n have_v peruse_v all_o the_o letter_n command_v the_o chamberlain_n of_o posnania_n to_o return_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n for_o sigismond_n be_v send_v to_o vitold_a a_o embassy_n of_o german_n bohemian_o and_o hungarian_n who_o be_v carry_v the_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o royal_a ornament_n to_o he_o and_o be_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o next_o morning_n but_o by_o that_o time_n they_o have_v reach_v frankfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge they_o understand_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v block_v up_o all_o the_o passage_n so_o that_o after_o they_o have_v stay_v two_o month_n in_o that_o city_n without_o dare_v to_o proceed_v on_o their_o journey_n they_o return_v to_o germany_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n vitold_v who_o have_v invite_v all_o the_o principal_a lord_n of_o lithuania_n and_o russia_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n to_o vilna_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o ceremony_n of_o his_o coronation_n perceive_v that_o he_o be_v disappoint_v resolve_v himself_o to_o invite_v the_o king_n his_o nephew_n to_o a_o hunting-match_n in_o lithuania_n hope_v that_o he_o may_v easy_o persuade_v he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o advancement_n but_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o goodness_n and_o easiness_n of_o the_o king_n temper_n order_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o accompany_v he_o that_o he_o may_v not_o do_v any_o thing_n without_o his_o advice_n when_o the_o king_n arrive_v at_o viâ—na_n vitold_v pray_v he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o coronation_n and_o not_o to_o envy_v he_o the_o honour_n of_o wear_v a_o crown_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v that_o he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v send_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n with_o he_o that_o he_o may_v do_v nothing_o without_o his_o approbation_n upon_o which_o vitold_v send_v some_o person_n to_o that_o prelate_n to_o bribe_v his_o fidelity_n with_o assurance_n of_o a_o magnificent_a reward_n add_v in_o a_o flatter_a and_o oblige_v manner_n that_o his_o fortune_n depend_v upon_o he_o and_o that_o he_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o prove_v the_o only_a enemy_n to_o his_o advancement_n those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o this_o message_n have_v order_n to_o tell_v the_o bishop_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v what_o a_o affront_v it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o master_n if_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v crown_v king_n that_o he_o desire_v no_o more_o than_o that_o he_o will_v suffer_v he_o to_o wear_v the_o crown_n for_o a_o moment_n and_o that_o he_o will_v quit_v it_o immediate_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o assure_v he_o that_o if_o he_o continue_v obstinate_o to_o oppose_v that_o prince_n design_n he_o will_v be_v his_o irreconcilable_a enemy_n and_o do_v every_o thing_n that_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n to_o dispossess_v he_o
this_o place_n he_o find_v the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n join_v together_o who_o he_o attack_v and_o fight_v for_o three_o day_n together_o during_o which_o time_n the_o battle_n be_v very_o obstinate_a on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o last_o the_o polish_v army_n obtain_v a_o entire_a victory_n over_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n and_o put_v chemelnski_n and_o the_o cham_n who_o command_v in_o person_n to_o flight_n this_o deseat_n oblige_v chemelnski_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o poland_n which_o be_v conclude_v sept._n 28._o 1651_o but_o last_v not_o long_o for_o soon_o after_o the_o cossack_n be_v enrage_v by_o the_o insolency_n of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n and_o fear_v to_o fall_v again_o into_o their_o ancient_a bondage_n attack_v the_o army_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o total_o rout_v it_o i_o observe_v before_o that_o chemelnski_n have_v always_o the_o policy_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o alliance_n with_o such_o prince_n who_o be_v best_a able_a to_o support_v he_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o maxim_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v a_o peace_n with_o poland_n not_o dare_v to_o rely_v upon_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n he_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o and_o make_v a_o league_n with_o they_o which_o cost_v the_o polander_n the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n which_o the_o muscovite_n take_v the_o same_o year_n chemelnski_n die_v anno_fw-la 1658_o the_o cossack_n choose_v one_o vihowski_n for_o their_o general_n and_o threaten_v that_o they_o will_v put_v themselves_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n or_o the_o d._n of_o muscovy_n if_o the_o republic_n will_v not_o grant_v all_o that_o they_o demand_v upon_o which_o king_n john_n casimir_n consider_v that_o it_o will_v be_v equal_o disadvantageous_a to_o his_o kingdom_n whether_o they_o submit_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n or_o the_o turk_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o they_o by_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o their_o captain_n shall_v be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n that_o vihowski_n their_o general_n shall_v be_v palatin_a of_o kiowia_fw-la that_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o greek_a religion_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o chief_a office_n and_o that_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o kiowia_fw-la shall_v have_v the_o rank_n of_o a_o senator_n beside_o the_o starostie_a of_o lubomliana_n be_v give_v to_o vihowski_n and_o that_o of_o bobrois_fw-mi to_o nieczaio_n on_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o as_o fief_n of_o the_o republic_n these_o condition_n be_v afterward_o ratify_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o cossack_n captain_n from_o miserable_a peasant_n of_o russia_n as_o they_o be_v by_o their_o birth_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o polish_v nobleman_n i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n be_v partly_o occasion_v by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n for_o they_o be_v their_o lord_n and_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o they_o as_o they_o have_v still_o in_o poland_n over_o all_o their_o peasant_n those_o of_o vkrania_n not_o be_v able_a to_o support_v their_o insolency_n begin_v to_o revolt_v and_o by_o degree_n expel_v all_o the_o nobility_n there_o be_v several_a great_a lord_n who_o by_o this_o revolution_n lose_v above_o 100000_o crown_n a_o year_n among_o who_o be_v the_o above_o mention_v prince_n visnovieski_n who_o son_n i_o have_v see_v in_o poland_n so_o poor_a that_o he_o have_v only_o a_o yearly_a pension_n of_o six_o thousand_o livre_n which_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n allow_v he_o to_o subsist_v upon_o but_o fortune_n afterward_o raise_v he_o to_o the_o throne_n upon_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n casimir_n as_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n that_o fatal_a revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n iii_n augment_v by_o degree_n under_o the_o follow_a king_n not_o only_o deprive_v many_o polish_v gentleman_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o give_v the_o tartar_n occasion_n to_o carry_v away_o above_o a_o million_o of_o person_n into_o slavery_n but_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n throughout_o vkrania_n for_o it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o the_o turk_n endeavour_v to_o settle_v mahometism_n in_o that_o country_n in_o imitation_n of_o all_o conqueror_n who_o the_o letter_n to_o secure_v the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o people_n who_o they_o subdue_v force_v they_o to_o receive_v their_o religion_n as_o the_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o obedience_n to_o their_o new_a master_n and_o even_o though_o the_o turk_n shall_v not_o endeavour_v to_o settle_v mahometism_n in_o all_o their_o conquest_n it_o will_v at_o last_o become_v the_o modish_a religion_n since_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o people_n to_o take_v the_o language_n and_o religion_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o favour_n they_o be_v desirous_a to_o procure_v the_o cossack_n have_v under_o several_a general_n maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o polander_n who_o perpetual_o labour_v to_o reduce_v they_o they_o be_v at_o last_o oblige_v to_o call_v in_o the_o turk_n and_o to_o put_v themselves_o under_o their_o protection_n thus_o be_v those_o infidel_n admit_v into_o vkrania_n and_o easy_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o city_n of_o caminiec_n which_o they_o find_v destitute_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n nevertheless_o they_o take_v it_o by_o capitulation_n but_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o observe_v the_o article_n they_o have_v grant_v by_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v to_o continue_v still_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o their_o ancient_a religion_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v master_n of_o the_o place_n they_o carry_v away_o into_o slavery_n all_o the_o people_n of_o that_o unhappy_a city_n and_o leave_v no_o mark_n of_o its_o have_v be_v once_o inhabit_v by_o christian_n but_o only_o the_o cathedral_n church_n which_o they_o have_v also_o turn_v to_o a_o mosque_n these_o be_v the_o fatal_a consequence_n of_o the_o insupportable_a tyranny_n of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o their_o unjustifiable_a cruelty_n to_o their_o subject_n but_o long_o before_o the_o turk_n invade_v poland_n they_o look_v upon_o vkrania_n as_o a_o country_n which_o they_o resolve_v to_o conquer_v at_o any_o rate_n and_o which_o they_o may_v easy_o subdue_v if_o the_o cossack_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o desire_v their_o protection_n beside_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o take_v hold_n of_o so_o favourable_a a_o opportunity_n to_o deliver_v themselves_o from_o such_o cruel_a and_o formidable_a enemy_n who_o have_v so_o often_o harass_v they_o by_o their_o piracy_n on_o the_o black_a sea_n they_o have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o army_n in_o hungary_n and_o after_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n who_o be_v a_o valiant_a prince_n the_o people_n have_v choose_v a_o peaceable_a king_n in_o his_o place_n they_o consider_v also_o that_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n give_v they_o a_o free_a passage_n into_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fertile_a country_n such_o as_o vkrania_n certain_o be_v and_o invite_v they_o to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o caminiec_n which_o be_v the_o key_n of_o that_o province_n for_o that_o city_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o upper_a podolia_n be_v fortify_v by_o nature_n be_v situate_v on_o a_o rock_n environ_v by_o a_o very_a deep_a broad_a and_o sleep_v ditch_n which_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n by_o the_o river_n smotrzy_n which_o almost_o quite_o surround_v the_o city_n so_o that_o it_o leave_v only_o a_o narrow_a passage_n into_o it_o and_o it_o be_v that_o entry_n only_o which_o be_v fortify_v by_o art_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o nature_n nevertheless_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o hill_n that_o be_v beyond_o the_o ditch_n be_v high_a than_o the_o city_n the_o garrison_n in_o a_o siege_n may_v be_v very_o much_o incommode_v with_o artillery_n but_o it_o be_v not_o such_o a_o inconveniency_n as_o this_o that_o can_v oblige_v a_o place_n of_o strength_n to_o surrender_v nor_o will_v it_o ever_o be_v reduce_v by_o so_o distant_a a_o attack_z and_o after_o all_o the_o city_n of_o caminiec_n will_v never_o be_v retake_v by_o the_o polander_n unless_o the_o port_n be_v one_o day_n reduce_v as_o low_a as_o poland_n be_v when_o the_o turk_n take_v it_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n michael_n the_o polander_n be_v so_o firm_o persuade_v of_o the_o impossibility_n of_o reduce_v that_o place_n and_o of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o war_n with_o the_o grand_a signior_n that_o they_o make_v a_o shameful_a peace_n with_o he_o and_o oblige_v themselves_o to_o pay_v he_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n
but_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v afterward_o hold_v at_o warsaw_n will_v not_o ratify_v that_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o war_n between_o poland_n and_o the_o port_n be_v renew_v with_o great_a vigour_n than_o before_o the_o two_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o duchy_n advance_v towards_o podolia_n the_o one_o command_v by_o general_n sobieski_n and_o the_o other_o by_o general_n patz_n and_o march_v together_o to_o attack_v that_o of_o the_o turk_n which_o be_v encamp_v at_o chotzin_n on_o the_o niester_n about_o five_o league_n from_o caminiec_n where_o they_o fight_v and_o entire_o rout_n '_o they_o this_o victory_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a will_v have_v doubtless_o restore_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n to_o a_o good_a condition_n and_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o retaking_n of_o caminiec_n if_o the_o general_n have_v make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o so_o important_a a_o advantage_n but_o the_o battle_n be_v no_o soon_o over_o than_o they_o carry_v home_o their_o troop_n the_o one_o into_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o into_o lithuania_n in_o which_o they_o imitate_v their_o predecessor_n swirâ—zowski_n and_o ostrogski_n who_o after_o they_o have_v obtain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n over_o the_o muscovite_n return_v home_o instead_o of_o march_v to_o attack_v smolensko_fw-mi which_o they_o have_v lose_v a_o little_a before_o and_o may_v then_o have_v easy_o retake_v the_o error_n which_o those_o two_o general_n commit_v by_o neglect_v so_o invite_v a_o opportunity_n to_o reduce_v smolensko_fw-mi be_v so_o unaccountable_a and_o so_o direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o maxim_n of_o policy_n and_o even_o of_o common_a prudence_n that_o i_o can_v forbear_v insert_v the_o whole_a story_n in_o the_o year_n 1512_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o count_n of_o scepusz_n which_o so_o incense_v the_o emperor_n maximilian_n that_o he_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o involve_v poland_n either_o in_o a_o civil_a or_o foreign_a war._n it_o be_v in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o design_n that_o in_o a_o diet_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n he_o complain_v of_o king_n sigismund_n proceed_n allege_v that_o he_o be_v contrive_v indirect_a method_n to_o expel_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n out_o of_o prussia_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v with_o their_o blood_n and_o where_o they_o have_v extirpated_a paganism_n and_o establish_v the_o faith_n of_o jesus_n christ_n but_o see_v he_o can_v not_o prevail_v with_o the_o prince_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n at_o a_o time_n when_o all_o the_o christian_n be_v ready_a to_o enter_v in_o a_o confederacy_n against_o the_o turk_n he_o make_v a_o league_n with_o basil_n duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o persuade_v he_o to_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o polaender_n and_o to_o invade_v lithuania_n the_o muscovite_n rely_v upon_o this_o new_a alliance_n with_o the_o emperor_n scruple_v not_o to_o violate_v the_o peace_n he_o have_v make_v with_o king_n sigismond_n he_o raise_v a_o army_n enter_v lithuania_n and_o after_o he_o have_v destroy_v the_o country_n sit_v down_o before_o smolensko_n but_o can_v not_o take_v it_o though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n sigismond_n be_v in_o poland_n and_o have_v no_o troop_n on_o foot_n to_o oppose_v he_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o have_v break_v the_o peace_n without_o any_o cause_n call_v a_o diet_n at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1513_o to_o concert_v the_o measure_n that_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o so_o press_v a_o exigency_n the_o czar_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n send_v to_o demand_v succour_n from_o the_o emperor_n his_o ally_n who_o only_o send_v he_o some_o engineer_n who_o cast_v 300_o piece_n of_o cannon_n for_o he_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n have_v assemble_v a_o army_n of_o 80000_o man_n march_v with_o his_o 300_o piece_n of_o cannon_n to_o besiege_v smolenske_a which_o he_o batter_v in_o a_o very_a furious_a manner_n the_o city_n be_v so_o close_o block_v up_o and_o the_o avenue_n so_o well_o guard_v that_o 500_o horse_n who_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n send_v to_o its_o relief_n can_v not_o get_v into_o the_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o garrison_n make_v so_o vigorous_a a_o defence_n that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v discourage_v by_o the_o obstinate_a resistance_n of_o the_o polander_n raise_v the_o siege_n and_o ravage_v lithuania_n a_o second_o time_n after_o they_o have_v send_v their_o booty_n to_o muscovy_n they_o return_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n but_o the_o garrison_n defend_v the_o place_n with_o so_o much_o courage_n and_o resolution_n that_o the_o czar_n despair_v of_o success_n resolve_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o glinski_n a_o lithuanian_a rebel_n persuade_v he_o to_o continue_v it_o insinuate_a that_o he_o can_v not_o without_o expose_v himself_o to_o eternal_a infamy_n suffer_v a_o impotent_a and_o dishearten_v enemy_n to_o insult_v over_o such_o a_o formidable_a army_n at_o last_o the_o cunning_a traitor_n who_o have_v engage_v basil_n in_o this_o enterprise_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v not_o take_v the_o city_n by_o force_n resolve_v to_o try_v the_o success_n of_o a_o stratagem_n to_o this_o end_n he_o desire_v leave_v to_o speak_v with_o the_o governor_n to_o who_o he_o represent_v that_o his_o master_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o relieve_v he_o that_o the_o garrison_n can_v not_o hold_v out_o much_o long_o and_o that_o unless_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o bury_v himself_o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o city_n he_o ought_v to_o consult_v his_o own_o true_a interest_n and_o accept_v the_o vast_a recompense_n which_o the_o czar_n be_v willing_a to_o give_v he_o thus_o the_o governor_n be_v persuade_v to_o surrender_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v possess_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n as_o soon_o as_o king_n sigismond_n have_v receive_v at_o radom_n the_o news_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o important_a place_n he_o go_v immediate_o to_o lithuania_n in_o september_n and_o assemble_v all_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o that_o duchy_n at_o vilna_n to_o deliberate_v with_o they_o how_o they_o may_v effectual_o oppose_v the_o progress_n of_o their_o victorious_a enemy_n 10000_o horse_n 20000_o foot_n and_o some_o light_a horse_n be_v raise_v in_o lithuania_n with_o which_o and_o with_o the_o army_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o necessary_a artillery_n the_o king_n set_v out_o from_o vilna_n with_o a_o design_n to_o attack_v the_o muscevite_n the_o czar_n have_v receive_v advice_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n reassembled_a his_o troop_n and_o encamp_v near_o smolensko_n lest_o the_o king_n shall_v sit_v down_o before_o it_o after_o he_o have_v reinforce_v the_o garrison_n he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o lithuania_n and_o advance_v to_o the_o river_n berezina_fw-la in_o the_o palatinate_n 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so_o long_a a_o pursuit_n the_o czar_n who_o be_v at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n of_o 80000_o man_n despise_v that_o of_o poland_n which_o be_v not_o half_a so_o numerous_a and_o insolent_o boast_v that_o his_o soldier_n shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o draw_v their_o sabres_fw-es against_o the_o polander_n but_o drive_v they_o all_o to_o muscovy_n with_o whip_n like_o herd_n of_o ox_n or_o flock_n of_o sheep_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o mere_a rhodomontade_fw-la for_o he_o actual_o give_v order_n to_o his_o soldier_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o draw_v their_o sabres_fw-es but_o let_v the_o polander_n pass_v the_o baristhenes_n without_o opposition_n and_o then_o whip_v they_o to_o muscovy_n but_o that_o insolent_a and_o haughty_a prince_n have_v the_o mortification_n to_o be_v convince_v by_o a_o very_a fatal_a and_o unwelcome_a experiment_n that_o a_o great_a army_n shall_v never_o despise_v a_o feeble_a
enemy_n and_o that_o a_o conqueror_n may_v quick_o ruin_v himself_o by_o neglect_v the_o prudent_a maxim_n of_o a_o cautious_a policy_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o polish_v army_n arrive_v near_o the_o city_n of_o orsza_n the_o muscovite_n retire_v about_o 4000_o pace_n beyond_o the_o boristhenes_n conclude_v that_o their_o retreat_n will_v embolden_v the_o polander_n to_o pass_v the_o river_n and_o that_o afterward_o they_o may_v easy_o defeat_v they_o and_o intercept_v their_o flight_n the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n be_v then_o at_o smolensko_n about_o thirteen_o league_n from_o his_o army_n where_o he_o employ_v his_o time_n in_o divide_v lithuania_n and_o share_v it_o among_o his_o general_n allot_v to_o each_o of_o they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o country_n on_o the_o map_n and_o consider_v how_o he_o shall_v dispose_v of_o a_o army_n who_o he_o look_v upon_o already_o as_o his_o prisoner_n but_o the_o polander_n who_o have_v always_o the_o advantage_n over_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o 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the_o gain_n of_o the_o battle_n for_o their_o artillery_n be_v plant_v there_o make_v such_o a_o dreadful_a havoc_n in_o the_o enemy_n rear_n and_o break_v all_o their_o rank_n in_o so_o terrible_a a_o manner_n that_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v disorder_v and_o to_o take_v the_o flight_n and_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n perceive_v that_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n give_v way_n begin_v also_o to_o fly_v while_o they_o be_v still_o sight_v in_o the_o van_fw-mi during_o this_o disorder_n the_o 800_o horse_n who_o be_v post_v in_o the_o wood_n attack_v the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o flank_n with_o so_o much_o fury_n that_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o shock_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o whole_a army_n give_v ground_n and_o flee_v in_o this_o battle_n 32000_o muscovite_n be_v kill_v and_o many_o drown_v in_o a_o morass_n which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v in_o their_o flight_n some_o affirm_v the_o muscovite_n lose_v 40000_o man_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o slaughter_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n grow_v red_a with_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v sn_v on_o its_o bank_n the_o polander_n take_v a_o great_a number_n of_o prisoner_n and_o among_o other_o ten_o general_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o muscovy_n seventeen_o palatine_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n and_o two_o thousand_o gentleman_n of_o the_o polander_n there_o be_v but_o 400_o man_n kill_v but_o the_o number_n of_o the_o wound_a be_v much_o great_a they_o obtain_v this_o memorable_a victory_n march_v 25._o 1614_o after_o the_o gain_n of_o such_o a_o important_a battle_n the_o loss_n of_o which_o will_v have_v be_v infallible_o attend_v with_o the_o total_a ruin_n not_o only_o of_o lithuania_n but_o also_o of_o poland_n the_o general_n ought_v to_o have_v besiege_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n which_o they_o may_v have_v easy_o retake_v during_o the_o universal_a consternation_n that_o be_v spread_v over_o muscovy_n but_o instead_o of_o make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o that_o advantage_n they_o retire_v without_o make_v any_o further_a attempt_n and_o king_n sigismond_n himself_o who_o expect_v the_o event_n at_o boryssow_n return_v to_o vilna_n with_o the_o prisoner_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v lead_v before_o he_o in_o a_o kind_n of_o triumph_n from_o thence_o he_o send_v ambassador_n to_o all_o christian_a prince_n to_o notify_v the_o great_a victory_n which_o he_o have_v obtain_v over_o the_o muscovite_n and_o that_o their_o eye_n as_o well_o as_o ear_n may_v convince_v they_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o advice_n the_o envoy_n be_v accompany_v with_o fourteen_o muscovite_n who_o be_v remarkable_a for_o their_o white_a hair_n but_o the_o emperor_n be_v enrage_v at_o the_o loss_n which_o his_o ally_n have_v sustain_v and_o at_o the_o unhappy_a event_n of_o a_o war_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v the_o author_n surprise_v the_o envoy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o they_o be_v pass_v through_o his_o territory_n and_o take_v their_o prisoner_n from_o they_o who_o he_o send_v back_o to_o the_o czar_n by_o the_o way_n of_o lubec_n it_o be_v so_o natural_a to_o the_o polander_n to_o neglect_v the_o advantage_n which_o they_o obtain_v over_o their_o enemy_n that_o after_o they_o have_v defeat_v gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n in_o a_o memorable_a battle_n in_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v wound_v and_o can_v hardly_o secure_v his_o own_o person_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o pursue_v he_o that_o they_o suffer_v he_o to_o retire_v to_o stum_n between_o marienburg_n and_o marienwerder_n where_o have_v rally_v his_o scatter_a force_n he_o renew_v the_o war_n with_o great_a vigour_n than_o before_o nor_o be_v they_o guilty_a of_o a_o less_o inexcusable_a blunder_n after_o the_o victory_n they_o obtain_v in_o vkrania_n june_n 30._o 1651_o for_o though_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n be_v total_o rout_v and_o the_o cham_n with_o chemelnski_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o polander_v retire_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v beat_v and_o immediate_o conclude_v a_o peace_n by_o which_o they_o suffer_v the_o cossack_n to_o keep_v a_o army_n of_o 20000_o man_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kiowia_fw-la this_o reflection_n be_v so_o just_a and_o important_a that_o i_o can_v forbear_v add_v another_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n which_o happen_v anno_fw-la 1489._o about_o that_o time_n russia_n and_o podolia_n be_v miserable_o harass_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o infest_a these_o province_n with_o continual_a inroad_n and_o always_o return_v home_o with_o a_o multitude_n of_o slave_n at_o last_o king_n casimir_n resolve_v to_o prevent_v the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o the_o country_n upon_o advice_n that_o the_o tartar_n be_v prepare_v to_o make_v a_o new_a incursion_n into_o russia_n and_o podolia_n he_o send_v john_n albert_n his_o son_n with_o a_o body_n of_o light_a horse_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o order_v all_o the_o gentry_n of_o russia_n and_o podolia_n to_o join_v he_o the_o tartar_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o body_n the_o first_o of_o which_o consist_v of_o 15000_o horse_n and_o the_o second_o of_o 10000_o be_v return_v home_o without_o fear_v any_o danger_n with_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o slave_n according_a to_o their_o usual_a custom_n but_o the_o young_a prince_n with_o his_o troop_n meet_v the_o first_o attack_v and_o total_o rout_v they_o and_o take_v from_o they_o all_o the_o booty_n and_o slave_n they_o have_v carry_v away_o after_o this_o success_n he_o march_v immediate_o to_o attack_v the_o other_o body_n the_o officer_n who_o command_v they_o make_v some_o resistance_n but_o be_v at_o last_o kill_v and_o the_o slaughter_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o polander_n be_v weary_a with_o cut_v off_o so_o many_o head_n for_o not_o one_o of_o the_o tartar_n return_v to_o the_o crim._n this_o total_a defeat_n of_o the_o
tartar_n ought_v to_o have_v encourage_v the_o polander_n to_o pursue_v their_o victory_n and_o in_o their_o return_n to_o enter_v the_o crim_n and_o ravage_v all_o they_o can_v which_o they_o may_v have_v do_v the_o more_o easy_o because_o poland_n reach_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o because_o they_o may_v have_v surprise_v that_o peninsula_n since_o there_o be_v not_o one_o tartar_n that_o escape_v to_o carry_v the_o news_n of_o the_o defeat_n or_o of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o polander_n but_o instead_o of_o take_v this_o favourable_a opportunity_n to_o invade_v or_o at_o least_o alarm_n these_o barbarian_n with_o who_o they_o be_v sensible_a they_o can_v never_o conclude_v a_o solid_a and_o durable_a peace_n prince_n john_n albert_n return_v to_o poland_n in_o triumph_n and_o the_o king_n his_o father_n receive_v he_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o joy_n instead_o of_o check_v he_o for_o not_o pursue_v his_o victory_n and_o all_o the_o polander_v extol_v his_o courage_n and_o prudence_n this_o then_o be_v the_o usual_a conduct_n of_o the_o polander_n after_o the_o gain_n of_o a_o battle_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o polander_n know_v by_o experience_n that_o they_o can_v never_o make_v a_o solid_a peace_n with_o the_o tartar_n or_o rely_v upon_o their_o promise_n and_o i_o can_v easy_o prove_v this_o remark_n by_o above_o a_o hundred_o example_n but_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o mention_v two_o of_o these_o instance_n sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n prepare_v to_o make_v war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n in_o the_o year_n 1516_o and_o be_v desirous_a to_o secure_a podolia_n and_o volhinia_n give_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o mendlinge_n cham_n of_o tartary_n that_o he_o may_v not_o only_o oblige_v he_o to_o make_v no_o eruption_n into_o poland_n but_o also_o to_o make_v a_o powerful_a diversion_n in_o muscovy_n which_o the_o cham_n promise_v and_o swear_v to_o do_v but_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o receive_v the_o money_n from_o the_o polander_n than_o he_o violate_v his_o oath_n for_o march_v out_o of_o the_o crim_n with_o 300000_o horse_n instead_o of_o invade_v the_o muscovite_n he_o enter_v into_o podolia_n and_o russia_n and_o encamp_v at_o luceoria_n from_o whence_o he_o send_v four_o of_o his_o principal_a officer_n each_o with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o horse_n keep_v only_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o army_n with_o himself_o who_o make_v such_o a_o terrible_a havoc_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o belcz_n leopold_n and_o lublin_n and_o the_o consternation_n of_o the_o people_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o alarm_n reach_v to_o hungary_n for_o they_o pillage_v burn_v ravish_a woman_n and_o maid_n and_o carry_v away_o all_o the_o cattle_n man_n woman_n and_o maid_n they_o can_v seize_v upon_o insomuch_o that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o slave_n they_o take_v amount_v to_o above_o 50000_o person_n without_o reckon_v the_o old_a and_o the_o 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that_o name_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v it_o look_v upon_o their_o king_n as_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o head_n of_o their_o common_a wealth_n this_o make_v they_o lessen_v the_o king_n authority_n more_o and_o more_o when_o a_o new_a one_o be_v to_o be_v elect_v still_o enlarge_a their_o own_o privilege_n and_o take_v care_n that_o his_o prerogative_n may_v not_o grow_v too_o great_a they_o be_v indeed_o so_o jealous_a of_o their_o liberty_n and_o so_o afraid_a of_o lose_v it_o that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v any_o fortify_v town_n upon_o the_o frontier_n for_o fear_v the_o king_n shall_v put_v a_o garrison_n in_o it_o and_o so_o shall_v make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n by_o degree_n that_o sentiment_n be_v so_o strong_o root_v within_o their_o heart_n that_o they_o prepossess_v their_o child_n with_o it_o betimes_o make_v they_o believe_v that_o their_o native_a freedom_n will_v soon_o be_v lose_v if_o ever_o they_o suffer_v any_o town_n 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the_o joint_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a republic_n or_o of_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v depute_v for_o that_o end_n therefore_o some_o of_o these_o be_v always_o near_o the_o king_n person_n in_o order_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n the_o king_n dispose_v of_o all_o the_o consistorial_n benefice_n and_o of_o many_o other_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o office_n and_o place_n of_o profit_n in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o he_o can_v keep_v they_o to_o himself_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o not_o upon_o foreigner_n though_o they_o have_v never_o so_o much_o personal_a merit_n or_o have_v do_v never_o so_o much_o service_n to_o the_o republic_n for_o the_o polander_n be_v so_o jealous_a of_o foreigner_n that_o they_o can_v endure_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v make_v they_o any_o connderable_a gratification_n as_o for_o instance_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o 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pretend_v to_o in_o that_o republic_n can_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o obtain_n the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o the_o grant_n of_o some_o little_a royal_a gift_n beside_o that_o he_o may_v be_v due_o qualify_v for_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o he_o must_v first_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n for_o otherwise_o the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o such_o thing_n upon_o he_o however_o there_o be_v some_o little_a royal_a gift_n and_o benefice_n which_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v without_o be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o in_o the_o main_a it_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n to_o possess_v a_o estate_n or_o place_n of_o considerable_a profit_n in_o that_o kingdom_n that_o king_n stephen_n battori_n who_o we_o just_a now_o mention_v think_v fit_a to_o procure_v the_o indigenate_n that_o be_v the_o right_n of_o nobility_n to_o two_o of_o his_o kinsman_n at_o the_o session_n of_o the_o diet_n which_o he_o have_v summon_v to_o meet_v the_o 13_o of_o december_n 1386._o for_o as_o he_o have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v desirous_a of_o advance_v those_o of_o his_o brother_n and_o be_v persuade_v that_o this_o naturalisation_n will_v enable_v he_o to_o prefer_v they_o to_o something_o more_o considerable_a but_o that_o great_a prince_n be_v prevent_v by_o death_n in_o the_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v ten_o year_n one_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o profit_n of_o so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o of_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v need_v gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o
nay_o even_o his_o lady_n though_o a_o french-woman_n of_o the_o house_n of_o mailly_n can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o side_n with_o the_o french_a faction_n though_o very_o advantageous_a offer_n be_v make_v to_o she_o she_o be_v lady_n of_o honour_n to_o queen_n eleonor_n and_o have_v promise_v she_o to_o be_v faithful_a to_o she_o which_o she_o do_v inviolable_o this_o unshaken_a fidelity_n in_o a_o austrian_a french-woman_n be_v such_o that_o even_o the_o french_a themselves_o can_v not_o but_o admire_v and_o esteem_v it_o it_o be_v their_o nature_n to_o prefer_v that_o virtue_n to_o all_o the_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v propose_v to_o they_o to_o engage_v they_o to_o part_v with_o it_o france_n have_v then_o almost_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n its_o enemy_n but_o be_v still_o so_o fortunate_a that_o heaven_n will_v not_o somuch_o as_o suffer_v she_o to_o compass_v those_o thing_n which_o she_o most_o earnest_o desire_v when_o in_o process_n of_o time_n those_o thing_n may_v have_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o her_o interest_n thus_o the_o divine_a providence_n will_v not_o permit_v the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n to_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n though_o france_n use_v all_o her_o endeavour_n to_o make_v the_o choice_n fall_v upon_o he_o which_o if_o it_o have_v take_v effect_n will_v undoubted_o have_v be_v disadvantageous_a to_o that_o nation_n for_o that_o prince_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v prove_v her_o enemy_n as_o do_v his_o father_n soon_o after_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n i_o return_v now_o to_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o place_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n those_o on_o who_o he_o bestow_v they_o ought_v not_o only_o to_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o aught_o also_o to_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o estate_n in_o land_n in_o the_o state_n or_o country_n to_o which_o the_o say_a place_n or_o office_n proper_o belong_v so_o that_o a_o gentleman_n who_o estate_n lie_v all_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n can_v have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n neither_o can_v he_o who_o estate_n be_v altogether_o in_o the_o duchy_n have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o order_n be_v regular_o observe_v though_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v now_o proper_o but_o one_o body_n and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o people_n differ_v but_o in_o few_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o manner_n of_o live_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o time_n that_o i_o live_v in_o lithuania_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o polite_a part_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n come_v near_o to_o to_o the_o french_a than_o the_o polander_n do_v in_o all_o their_o way_n and_o particular_o in_o their_o briskness_n and_o gayty_n though_o lithuania_n be_v remote_a from_o france_n than_o poland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n enter_v a_o city_n the_o magistrate_n ought_v always_o to_o bring_v he_o the_o key_n and_o he_o have_v power_n to_o make_v his_o own_o regiment_n of_o guard_n keep_v watch_v at_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n alone_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o guard_v their_o own_o gate_n when_o the_o king_n enter_v that_o city_n nay_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o hinder_v any_o force_n from_o enter_v with_o the_o king_n and_o to_o go_v the_o round_n all_o night_n in_o the_o street_n as_o long_o as_o he_o stay_v within_o their_o wall_n but_o it_o must_v indeed_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o dantzic_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a hans-town_n be_v proper_o a_o free_a republic_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n consequent_o it_o have_v all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o entire_a sovereignty_n for_o it_o condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n themselves_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o commit_v any_o crime_n there_o that_o deserve_v a_o capital_a punishment_n it_o have_v a_o mint_n of_o its_o own_o and_o coin_n its_o own_o money_n without_o any_o previous_a leave_n or_o permission_n obtain_v from_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n though_o they_o stamp_v the_o king_n image_n upon_o it_o and_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v in_o payment_n the_o base_a money_n of_o that_o state_n however_o though_o the_o people_n of_o dantzic_n may_v thus_o be_v reckon_v a_o republic_n and_o particular_a sovereign_a state_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o send_v to_o the_o diet_n some_o deputy_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o dantzic_n and_o who_o consequently_n never_o fail_v to_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o chancellor_n who_o always_o desire_v they_o to_o be_v silent_a forbid_v they_o to_o take_v that_o quality_n upon_o they_o which_o yet_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o take_v afterward_o in_o the_o follow_a diet_n dantzic_n be_v situate_v about_o a_o league_n from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o almost_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n vistula_n that_o city_n till_o the_o year_n 1170_o consist_v only_o of_o some_o fishermen_n cottage_n but_o have_v raise_v itself_o since_o that_o time_n to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o greatness_n that_o it_o pass_v now_o for_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o europe_n it_o must_v indeed_o be_v own_a that_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a and_o stately_a place_n and_o its_o port_n or_o harbour_v very_o famous_a but_o of_o difficult_a access_n because_o the_o vistula_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n before_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o branch_n which_o go_v to_o dantzic_n be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o of_o they_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o great_a ship_n have_v not_o water_n enough_o to_o anchor_v with_o their_o lade_n through_o that_o branch_n into_o the_o harbour_n of_o dantzic_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o port_n there_o lie_v a_o fort_n which_o be_v call_v the_o light-house_n because_o there_o be_v a_o beacon_n in_o it_o where_o there_o be_v a_o light_a every_o night_n that_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v come_v into_o the_o harbour_n may_v discover_v it_o a_o far_o off_o dantzic_n be_v the_o town_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n in_o all_o prussia_n most_o of_o which_o traffic_n consist_v in_o corn_n as_o do_v almost_o all_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n the_o dantzicker_n have_v such_o a_o privilege_n that_o none_o but_o themselves_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o buy_v any_o corn_n of_o the_o polander_n when_o once_o it_o be_v enter_v in_o their_o port_n whether_o vast_a quantity_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o from_o all_o part_n by_o the_o vistula_n half_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n since_o the_o time_n that_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n oblige_v the_o dantzicker_n to_o grant_v he_o that_o tribute_n for_o their_o presumption_n in_o propose_v some_o provoke_v condition_n to_o he_o before_o they_o will_v suffer_v his_o deputy_n to_o come_v into_o their_o city_n dantzic_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o prussia_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o league_n from_o elbing_n and_o twenty_o six_o from_o thorn_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o fortify_v consider_v the_o country_n since_o the_o irruption_n which_o the_o sweede_v make_v into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o but_o there_o be_v some_o ground_n that_o overlook_v and_o command_v it_o on_o the_o westside_n from_o this_o town_n the_o polander_n draw_v what_o good_n they_o want_v of_o foreign_a growth_n and_o manufacture_n as_o cloth_n silk_n stuff_n leather_n paper_n sugar_n oil_n and_o all_o the_o spice_n which_o they_o use_v in_o very_o great_a quantity_n to_o season_n their_o fish_n and_o other_o meat_n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o wine_n and_o brandy_n nor_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o from_o france_n and_o worth_a but_o a_o crown_n the_o french_a muid_n or_o hogshead_n because_o as_o for_o wine_n the_o pole_n like_o no_o other_o but_o that_o of_o hungary_n as_o for_o brandy_n they_o make_v it_o at_o home_n with_o corn_n and_o as_o for_o salt_n their_o country_n abound_v with_o it_o thus_o the_o wine_n brandy_n and_o salt_n that_o come_v from_o france_n to_o dantzic_n serve_v only_o for_o prussia_n however_o there_o be_v such_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o other_o good_n export_v from_o dantzic_n to_o poland_n and_o so_o great_a a_o return_v make_v from_o that_o kingdom_n thither_o in_o corn_n money_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o only_a place_n from_o which_o they_o draw_v all_o their_o necessary_n and_o to_o which_o they_o trade_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v admire_v how_o that_o town_n be_v come_v to_o be_v so_o rich_a and_o considerable_a all_o the_o dantzicker_n be_v former_o roman_a catholic_n but_o they_o embrace_v the_o
prince_n fly_v from_o his_o kingdom_n like_o henry_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o iii_o of_o france_n who_o have_v receive_v advice_n of_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o ixth_o his_o brother_n by_o a_o courier_n that_o be_v dispatch_v to_o he_o by_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n secret_o depart_v from_o cracow_n after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n five_o month_n with_o the_o love_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v so_o trouble_v at_o his_o flight_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o good_a a_o prince_n that_o they_o write_v on_o the_o 12_o of_o may_n 1574._o a_o very_a press_v and_o respectful_a letter_n to_o persuade_v he_o to_o return_v the_o polander_n look_v upon_o the_o interregnum_n as_o the_o most_o favourable_a occasion_n to_o confider_v of_o the_o sure_a and_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o preserve_v their_o liberty_n and_o though_o the_o royal_a authority_n be_v then_o proper_o lodge_v in_o the_o senate_n it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n represent_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o senator_n as_o i_o intimate_v before_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o nobleman_n be_v send_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o stay_v with_o they_o and_o to_o assist_v they_o with_o their_o advice_n in_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n be_v also_o depute_a to_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n to_o visit_v the_o treasury_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o make_v a_o inventary_a of_o it_o with_o those_o that_o have_v the_o key_n which_o they_o present_v at_o the_o next_o coronation_n commissioner_n be_v also_o appoint_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o revenue_n that_o be_v set_v apart_o for_o the_o king_n table_n and_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o the_o republic_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la and_o till_o the_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n pretend_v that_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o even_o crown_v head_n themselves_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v they_o the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a but_o when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o the_o republic_n assemble_v in_o a_o diet_n of_o election_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o serenity_n and_o only_o write_v in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o most_o dear_a and_o great_a friend_n ally_n and_o confederate_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o foland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n nor_o be_v it_o reasonable_a that_o a_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v give_v the_o republic_n of_o poland_n the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a since_o they_o do_v not_o give_v their_o own_o king_n either_o the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a or_o of_o majesty_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v further_a on_o this_o subject_a that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n have_v notify_v by_o his_o circular_a letter_n that_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o be_v not_o open_v again_o till_o after_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o new_a elect_v king_n except_o the_o marshal_n court_n which_o continue_v open_a and_o another_o which_o be_v establish_v for_o decide_v controversy_n that_o may_v happen_v during_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n but_o as_o for_o all_o other_o cause_n and_o private_a law-suit_n they_o be_v not_o try_v till_o after_o the_o king_n coronation_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n since_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v elective_a all_o christian_a prince_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o succession_n and_o send_v ambassador_n thither_o whether_o they_o be_v catholic_n or_o not_o but_o those_o who_o aspire_v to_o that_o crown_n must_v either_o profess_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n or_o resolve_v to_o embrace_v it_o after_o their_o election_n for_o otherwise_o he_o can_v be_v choose_v and_o it_o be_v only_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o pope_n send_v a_o nuncio_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n that_o he_o may_v represent_v to_o the_o republic_n that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n that_o they_o shall_v choose_v a_o catholic_n prince_n who_o be_v a_o zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o true_a faith_n of_o christ_n the_o polander_n usual_o choose_v a_o foreign_a prince_n for_o their_o king_n because_o they_o can_v without_o reluctancy_n submit_v to_o those_o who_o be_v former_o their_o equal_n they_o esteem_v it_o their_o happiness_n that_o they_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o choose_v such_o a_o prince_n as_o they_o please_v but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o their_o liberty_n be_v frequent_o the_o cause_n of_o fatal_a division_n they_o will_v not_o choose_v a_o prince_n who_o be_v king_n of_o another_o realm_n lest_o after_o his_o election_n and_o after_o he_o have_v remain_v for_o some_o time_n among_o they_o he_o shall_v leave_v they_o to_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o casimir_n iii_n they_o will_v not_o choose_v vladislaus_n his_o son_n because_o he_o be_v king_n of_o hungary_n and_o robemia_n and_o this_o be_v also_o one_o of_o the_o reason_n which_o in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1382_o make_v the_o republic_n exclude_v sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n as_o have_v marry_v the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n king_n of_o those_o two_o kingdom_n before_o the_o ambassador_n come_v to_o warsaw_n they_o be_v to_o notify_v their_o arrival_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o appoint_v lodging_n for_o they_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o send_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n to_o each_o of_o they_o to_o observe_v their_o action_n and_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v party_n but_o those_o rule_n be_v seldom_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o ambassador_n of_o prince_n live_v open_o at_o warsaw_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n appoint_v to_o attend_v every_o one_o of_o they_o during_o the_o diet_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v be_v inform_v of_o their_o proceed_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o bribe_v or_o corrupt_v the_o deputy_n but_o this_o be_v a_o inconveniency_n that_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o all_o these_o precation_n for_o the_o desire_n of_o money_n be_v so_o reign_v a_o vice_n in_o poland_n and_o attend_v with_o so_o little_a scandal_n and_o infamy_n that_o the_o fidelity_n which_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n owe_v to_o his_o country_n will_v not_o be_v proof_n against_o 1000_o crown_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o ambassador_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o whole_a order_n of_o the_o nobility_n since_o the_o disoblige_a of_o one_o of_o they_o may_v render_v they_o incapable_a of_o compass_v their_o design_n thus_o the_o quarrel_v with_o chancellor_n patz_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n anno_fw-la 1668._o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n be_v exclude_v and_o michael_n vicznowieski_n be_v elect_v king_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o election_n be_v tumultuary_a that_o the_o nobility_n have_v not_o a_o free_a vote_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o which_o he_o be_v unwilling_a to_o do_v because_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n that_o threaten_v the_o republic_n in_o that_o juncture_n and_o of_o the_o great_a need_n they_o have_v of_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a prince_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o know_v that_o king_n michael_n want_v both_o those_o quality_n for_o he_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o during_o the_o life_n of_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n he_o have_v nothing_o to_o subsist_v upon_o as_o i_o intimate_v before_o but_o a_o pension_n which_o she_o allow_v he_o of_o 6000_o livre_n a_o year_n and_o as_o for_o his_o courage_n it_o may_v be_v guess_v at_o by_o what_o happen_v immediate_o after_o his_o election_n when_o he_o dare_v not_o resent_v the_o affront_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o without_o ask_v his_o permission_n cause_v a_o prussian_a gentleman_n who_o have_v flee_v to_o poland_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v seize_v and_o carryd_v away_o before_o the_o king_n eye_n and_o almost_o under_o the_o window_n of_o his_o palace_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o the_o polander_n ought_v to_o have_v choose_v a_o prince_n that_o be_v equal_o brave_a and_o rich_a and_o able_a to_o support_v their_o totter_v state_n for_o if_o they_o have_v consider_v their_o true_a interest_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sovereign_n the_o turk_n will_v never_o have_v have_v the_o
boldness_n to_o attack_v poland_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n michael_n where_o they_o enter_v vkrania_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n and_o easy_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o caminieck_n which_o the_o polander_n can_v never_o retake_v since_o but_o as_o poland_n can_v not_o choose_v a_o poor_a so_o they_o can_v not_o have_v choose_v a_o more_o liberal_a prince_n than_o king_n michael_n and_o as_o he_o be_v whole_o destitute_a of_o the_o mean_n to_o display_v that_o noble_a and_o princely_a quality_n so_o providence_n order_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v proclaim_v king_n he_o find_v himself_o master_n of_o rich_a furniture_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o plate_n than_o any_o of_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o enjoy_v for_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o gentleman_n who_o be_v able_a to_o make_v any_o considerable_a present_n strive_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o emulation_n to_o express_v their_o affection_n to_o their_o new_a sovereign_n so_o that_o on_o the_o day_n of_o his_o election_n he_o be_v so_o amaze_v at_o such_o a_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a alteration_n that_o he_o can_v hardly_o forbear_v look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o golden_a dream_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o proclaim_v but_o the_o chancellor_n begin_v to_o insinuate_v that_o he_o owe_v his_o crown_n to_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o difficult_a task_n to_o impose_v upon_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v easy_o govern_v and_o have_v more_o good_a nature_n than_o judgement_n thus_o the_o chancellor_n have_v the_o pleasure_n to_o see_v that_o his_o power_n be_v as_o great_a as_o his_o ambition_n but_o that_o satisfaction_n be_v sufficient_o moderate_v by_o the_o trouble_n and_o division_n that_o happen_v under_o his_o ministry_n for_o have_v persuade_v the_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o marry_v the_o emperor_n sister_n by_o who_o he_o have_v no_o child_n there_o be_v such_o a_o considerable_a party_n form_v against_o that_o prince_n that_o he_o be_v in_o perpetual_a danger_n of_o be_v dethrone_v and_o reduce_v in_o a_o cloister_n to_o great_a misery_n than_o that_o which_o he_o suffer_v before_o his_o election_n and_o to_o heighten_v his_o assliction_n he_o perceive_v that_o queen_n eleanor_n his_o wife_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o party_n that_o will_v have_v oblige_v he_o to_o resign_v his_o crown_n that_o she_o may_v marry_v a_o handsome_a and_o brave_a prince_n who_o picture_n she_o have_v see_v and_o who_o without_o doubt_n have_v be_v king_n of_o poland_n if_o death_n jealous_a of_o the_o happiness_n of_o that_o country_n have_v not_o snatch_v he_o away_o in_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o age_n to_o the_o regret_n of_o all_o the_o world_n and_o particular_o of_o q._n eleanor_n who_o can_v not_o forbear_v express_v her_o sorrow_n by_o her_o tear_n when_o she_o hear_v the_o news_n of_o his_o death_n among_o the_o several_a prince_n who_o pretend_v to_o dispossess_v king_n michael_n duke_n augustus_n ernest_n of_o brunswick_n bishop_n of_o osnabrug_n who_o will_v have_v willing_o exchange_v both_o his_o bishopric_n and_o religion_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v one_o but_o he_o be_v marry_v he_o will_v have_v meet_v with_o great_a obstacle_n than_o the_o prince_n i_o just_a noun_n mention_v chap._n xv._o of_o the_o diet_n in_o general_n though_o as_o a_o mark_n of_o the_o obedience_n and_o respect_n which_o christian_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o clergy_n the_o polander_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v the_o bishop_n the_o precedency_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o be_v the_o minister_n and_o dispenser_n of_o holy_a thing_n it_o have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v that_o the_o laity_n have_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o dispute_v that_o honour_n with_o they_o thus_o at_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n 1501._o under_o the_o reign_n of_o alexander_n the_o ii_o there_o happen_v a_o great_a contest_v betwixt_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o temporal_a senator_n for_o though_o the_o latter_a be_v willing_a that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v be_v seat_v all_o in_o a_o row_n on_o the_o king_n be_v right_a hand_n they_o desire_v that_o they_o may_v also_o sit_v in_o a_o row_n on_o his_o left_a hand_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o beneath_o they_o this_o controversy_n be_v long_o and_o hot_o agitate_a but_o at_o last_o the_o king_n decide_v it_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o bishop_n declare_v that_o they_o shall_v still_o enjoy_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n to_o sit_v next_o the_o king_n both_o on_o his_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n a_o general_n diet_n in_o poland_n be_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o one_o place_n to_o consult_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o republic_n the_o king_n may_v appoint_v the_o meeting_n where_o he_o think_v fit_a except_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o coronation_n which_o can_v only_o be_v hold_v at_o cracow_n but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n it_o have_v be_v always_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o appoint_v the_o place_n of_o their_o meeting_n it_o be_v true_a that_o for_o some_o time_n they_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v at_o warsaw_n but_o the_o lithuanian_n have_v make_v a_o complaint_n some_o year_n ago_o that_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o all_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a journey_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o one_o of_o three_o diet_n shall_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v hold_v at_o grodno_n a_o city_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o palatinat_a of_o troki_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n about_o twenty_o league_n from_o vilna_n it_o be_v seat_v partly_o upon_o a_o plain_a and_o partly_o upon_o a_o eminence_n and_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o castle_n which_o be_v take_v and_o sack_v by_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o when_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v harass_v by_o the_o swede_n the_o other_o two_o diet_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v at_o warsaw_n which_o from_o the_o election_n of_o sigismond_n iii_o to_o that_o of_o john_n iii_o be_v always_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n in_o the_o province_n of_o massovia_n and_o the_o diocese_n of_o posnania_n there_o be_v a_o fine_a palace_n in_o this_o city_n which_o sigssmund_n build_v after_o his_o election_n but_o there_o be_v no_o avenue_n to_o it_o and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v situate_v be_v so_o straighten_v that_o one_o must_v in_o a_o manner_n divine_a how_o to_o go_v into_o it_o it_o have_v a_o very_a fine_a prospect_n but_o be_v whole_o destitute_a of_o water_n garden_n or_o tree_n nor_o can_v those_o defect_n be_v supply_v because_o on_o the_o one_o side_n it_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o house_n of_o the_o city_n and_o on_o the_o other_o by_o the_o vistula_n warsaw_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o city_n join_v together_o the_o old_a town_n which_o be_v wall_v with_o brick_n be_v small_a and_o ill_o pave_v as_o be_v all_o the_o city_n of_o poland_n but_o to_o make_v amends_o it_o be_v populous_a and_o enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n the_o new_a town_n which_o be_v join_v to_o it_o be_v not_o considerable_a beside_o those_o two_o city_n there_o be_v also_o the_o great_a suburb_n of_o cracow_n the_o house_n of_o which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v and_o cover_v with_o wood_n except_o some_o palace_n which_o certain_a person_n of_o quality_n have_v begin_v to_o build_v before_o the_o swedish_n invasion_n both_o because_o the_o king_n vladislaus_n and_o casimir_n have_v a_o palace_n there_o where_o they_o usual_o reside_v and_o because_o those_o prince_n design_v to_o enclose_v that_o suburb_n and_o the_o two_o city_n with_o 16_o bastion_n which_o they_o have_v already_o mark_v out_o and_o whereof_o some_o footstep_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v the_o abovementioned_a palace_n where_o the_o king_n vladislaus_n and_o casimir_n reside_v have_v a_o garden_n but_o be_v destitute_a both_o of_o water_n and_o tree_n there_o be_v still_o a_o chapel_n in_o that_o suburb_n call_v the_o muscovite_n chapel_n which_o sigismond_n iii_o build_v for_o the_o bury_v place_n of_o a_o duke_n of_o muscovie_n and_o his_o brother_n who_o die_v in_o prison_n at_o gostynin_n in_o the_o palatinat_a of_o rava_n about_o three_o league_n from_o the_o city_n of_o plocsko_n upon_o the_o vistula_n to_o leave_v to_o posterity_n a_o monument_n of_o his_o victory_n over_o the_o muscovite_n it_o be_v some_o time_n ago_o give_v to_o the_o dominican_n friar_n who_o have_v settle_v a_o convent_n in_o it_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o poland_n to_o hold_v petty_a diet_n in_o all_o the_o palatinat_n before_o they_o hold_v a_o great_a or_o general_a diet._n these_o petty_a diet_n must_v be_v summon_v three_o week_n before_o they_o can_v be_v hold_v and_o hold_v six_o week_n before_o the_o general_a diet_n in_o order_n to_o their_o meeting_n the_o king_n send_v
republic_n that_o right_o be_v now_o give_v to_o those_o who_o be_v in_o favour_n at_o court_n or_o protect_v by_o some_o great_a lord_n whereas_o former_o it_o be_v grant_v only_o to_o officer_n as_o a_o recompense_n for_o their_o service_n do_v to_o the_o state_n those_o who_o be_v not_o officer_n and_o yet_o pretend_v to_o the_o indigenat_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n procure_v their_o name_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v among_o the_o name_n of_o the_o officer_n who_o demand_v to_o be_v make_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o pretender_n give_v in_o a_o account_n of_o his_o genealogy_n name_n surname_n family_n and_o service_n and_o put_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o after_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o their_o patent_n seal_v they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n by_o which_o they_o swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o marshal_n give_v they_o a_o certificate_n declare_v that_o the_o diet_n have_v receive_v such_o a_o one_o for_o its_o natural_a son_n and_o that_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o he_o yet_o though_o a_o stranger_n be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o considerable_a employment_n or_o consistorial_n benefice_n on_o he_o or_o his_o child_n to_o the_o three_o generation_n for_o the_o republic_n have_v make_v this_o provision_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o assure_v of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o any_o office_n or_o enjoy_v any_o benefice_n according_a to_o the_o constitution_n and_o law_n of_o poland_n a_o diet_n must_v not_o sit_v above_o six_o week_n and_o the_o nobility_n be_v so_o fond_a and_o jealous_a of_o their_o privilege_n that_o when_o the_o king_n endeavour_v to_o prolong_v the_o session_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o even_o when_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n require_v the_o sit_v of_o that_o assembly_n the_o deputy_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o oppose_v such_o a_o innovation_n and_o charge_v their_o marshal_n to_o acquaint_v the_o king_n that_o they_o will_v immediate_o leave_v the_o diet_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o keep_v they_o long_o than_o usual_o i_o shall_v only_o mention_v one_o instance_n of_o this_o unaccountable_a obstinacy_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o diet_n assemble_v at_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1649._o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n at_o pilaveze_n and_o afterwerd_n the_o dreadful_a irruption_n of_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v reduce_v the_o republic_n almost_o to_o the_o last_o extremity_n and_o since_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v so_o busy_v in_o determine_v particular_a affair_n that_o they_o have_v not_o time_n to_o consider_v of_o the_o mean_n to_o raise_v a_o sufficient_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o progress_n of_o so_o barbarous_a and_o formidable_a a_o enemy_n till_o the_o very_a day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n and_o the_o senator_n endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o avoid_v the_o terrible_a danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o and_o for_o that_o end_n resolve_v to_o prolong_v the_o diet_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o deputy_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o resolution_n they_o send_v their_o marshal_n to_o the_o senator_n to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o prolong_n of_o diet_n and_o afterward_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o the_o king_n the_o marshal_n to_o execute_v his_o commission_n go_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o begin_v to_o thank_v the_o king_n and_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n rise_v up_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v condescend_v to_o sit_v only_o one_o day_n long_o represent_v the_o press_v exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n the_o chancellor_n second_v these_o entreaty_n with_o a_o very_a move_a and_o pathetic_a harangue_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n have_v resume_v his_o character_n which_o he_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o go_v back_o to_o the_o deputy_n and_o pray_v they_o to_o give_v their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o prolongation_n which_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n desire_v the_o deputy_n meet_v again_o at_o the_o return_n of_o their_o marshal_n and_o be_v at_o last_o prevail_v with_o though_o not_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n to_o consent_v that_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v prolong_v but_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v whatever_o his_o palatinat_n have_v charge_v he_o to_o ask_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o the_o open_a field_n about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la where_o they_o erect_v a_o sort_n of_o booth_n cover_v with_o board_n at_o the_o public_a charge_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n be_v call_v szopa_n or_o a_o shelter_n from_o bad_a wether_n this_o place_n be_v build_v and_o prepare_v by_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v three_o door_n the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o diet_n be_v come_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n go_v to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n to_o hear_v the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o to_o beg_v the_o grace_n of_o god_n in_o order_n to_o the_o elect_v of_o a_o new_a king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o qualitys_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o church_n and_o of_o the_o republic_n after_o which_o they_o go_v to_o the_o szopa_n where_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n elect_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n that_o be_v send_v by_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n and_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n go_v to_o salute_v the_o senator_n and_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o their_o approbation_n after_o these_o preliminary_n the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n enter_v into_o a_o union_n or_o association_n which_o they_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v with_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o not_o to_o name_v any_o person_n for_o king_n nor_o acknowledge_v he_o as_o such_o till_o he_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o they_o all_o they_o swear_v also_o to_o preserve_v all_o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o he_o who_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o shall_v be_v declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o his_o country_n they_o promise_v reciprocal_o neither_o to_o give_v their_o voice_n for_o a_o election_n nor_o to_o enter_v into_o any_o agreement_n with_o the_o candidate_n or_o their_o ambassador_n till_o all_o the_o irregularity_n and_o disorder_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v either_o in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o duchy_n be_v consider_v and_o redress_v they_o annul_v and_o make_v void_a all_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o tribunal_n and_o even_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o king_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o their_o liberty_n and_o promise_v to_o make_v a_o law_n to_o that_o purpose_n they_o declare_v that_o all_o the_o judgement_n give_v before_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la shall_v be_v valid_a and_o that_o they_o will_v approve_v of_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n establish_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v call_v kaptur_n and_o be_v design_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n for_o raise_v of_o soldier_n and_o for_o maintain_v the_o law_n they_o forbid_v any_o person_n to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o stranger_n or_o with_o fire-arm_n they_o ordain_v that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v take_v a_o oath_n before_o commissioner_n to_o discharge_v the_o trust_n that_o be_v repose_v in_o they_o with_o all_o possible_a fidelity_n to_o make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o their_o troop_n than_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o oblige_v they_o also_o to_o swear_v to_o assert_v the_o public_a interest_n in_o case_n of_o a_o sedition_n or_o revolt_v to_o restrain_v the_o soldier_n from_o injure_v any_o person_n to_o receive_v no_o money_n either_o from_o the_o clergy_n or_o laity_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o soldier_n from_o receive_v any_o after_o which_o they_o forbid_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n to_o march_v with_o their_o force_n into_o
be_v redress_v and_o all_o the_o ambassador_n have_v have_v audience_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n but_o before_o they_o give_v their_o vote_n they_o implore_v upon_o their_o knee_n the_o assistance_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n by_o sing_v the_o veni_fw-la creator_n after_o which_o the_o deputy_n of_o each_o palatinat_n give_v their_o vote_n and_o communicate_v they_o to_o the_o rest_n and_o if_o all_o the_o vote_n be_v for_o one_o candidate_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o the_o bishop_n who_o preside_v in_o his_o palace_n demand_v thrice_o whether_o the_o grievance_n be_v redress_v and_o afterward_o proclaim_v the_o king_n elect_v which_o be_v also_o do_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o duchy_n after_o which_o they_o all_o sing_v the_o te_fw-la deum_fw-la i_o observe_v that_o the_o king_n elect_v be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o archbishop_n when_o all_o the_o vote_n be_v for_o he_o for_o it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o diet_n may_v be_v divide_v in_o which_o case_n the_o strong_a party_n carry_v it_o thus_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v hold_v after_o the_o retreat_n of_o henry_n iii_o one_o party_n choose_v stephen_n battori_n and_o the_o other_o elect_v maximilian_n of_o austria_n maximilian_n design_v to_o enter_v into_o poland_n with_o some_o troop_n be_v prevent_v by_o stephen_n batori_n who_o arrive_v before_o he_o at_o cracow_n where_o he_o be_v crown_v the_o 18_o of_o april_n 1576._o thus_o all_o the_o voice_n be_v transmit_v to_o king_n stephen_n who_o the_o polander_v oblige_v afterward_o to_o marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n who_o they_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v for_o their_o queen_n after_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n battori_n there_o happen_v a_o much_o great_a division_n in_o the_o diet_n for_o there_o be_v two_o party_n form_v one_o of_o which_o be_v support_v by_o zamoski_n and_o the_o other_o by_o sboroski_n the_o former_a choose_v signismund_n iii_o son_n to_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o catherine_n sister_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n the_o last_o of_o the_o race_n of_o jagellon_n and_o nephew_n to_o queen_n ann_n the_o relict_n of_o king_n stephen_n and_o this_o party_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o crown_v sigismond_n at_o cracow_n the_o 27_o of_o december_n 1587._o though_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o sborosky_n party_n have_v be_v proclaim_a king_n in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o bernardin_n at_o warsaw_n by_o cardinal_n radziwill_n who_o be_v of_o his_o faction_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n maximilian_n enter_v into_o poland_n with_o some_o troop_n zamoski_n pursue_v he_o to_o byczin_n in_o silesia_n where_o he_o defeat_v and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n jan._n 25._o 1587._o and_o oblige_v he_o to_o renounce_v his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o maximilian_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exclude_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n a_o three_o time_n first_o in_o the_o person_n of_o ernest_n by_o the_o election_n of_o henry_n de_fw-fr valois_n second_o in_o maximilian_n by_o that_o of_o steven_n battori_n and_o a_o three_o time_n in_o the_o same_o maximilian_n by_o that_o of_o sigismond_n iii_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n though_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o poland_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o natural_a affection_n which_o most_o person_n have_v for_o their_o child_n or_o relation_n may_v induce_v they_o to_o make_v party_n in_o the_o republic_n to_o get_v they_o choose_v during_o their_o life_n thus_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n i._o his_o son_n sigismond_n augustus_n though_o but_o ten_o year_n old_a be_v name_v king_n during_o his_o father_n life_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o in_o the_o least_o meddle_v with_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n till_o after_o his_o father_n death_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v fifteen_o year_n old_a he_o shall_v swear_v to_o maintain_v all_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o this_o example_n shall_v not_o prejudice_v a_o free_a election_n for_o the_o future_a which_o his_o father_n confirm_v by_o letter_n patent_n give_v at_o cracow_n 1530._o and_o afterward_o by_o other_o letter_n date_v at_o pâ—otrkow_n 1538._o for_o that_o prince_n live_v 82_o year_n but_o sigismond_n augustus_n be_v dead_a the_o republic_n be_v assemble_v in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n after_o they_o have_v careful_o examine_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n make_v a_o constitution_n by_o which_o they_o express_o prohibit_v the_o nomination_n of_o any_o successor_n for_o the_o future_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o reign_v prince_n that_o they_o may_v inviolable_o preserve_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o choose_v any_o sovereign_n they_o please_v nevertheless_o stephen_n battori_n see_v he_o have_v no_o child_n and_o consider_v the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o republic_n be_v expose_v during_o the_o two_o last_o interregnum_n propose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n contrary_a to_o the_o abovementioned_a constitution_n but_o the_o whole_a order_n of_o the_o nobility_n oppose_v the_o design_n of_o that_o great_a king_n who_o die_v soon_o after_o at_o grodno_n in_o lithuania_n decem._n 12._o 1586._o since_o any_o christian_a prince_n may_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v evident_o the_o interest_n of_o they_o all_o to_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n which_o may_v render_v the_o kingdom_n hereditary_n and_o consequent_o ruin_v their_o pretension_n it_o be_v this_o consideration_n that_o oblige_v the_o present_a emperor_n to_o send_v francis_n de_fw-fr lisola_n to_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o to_o oppose_v the_o design_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n who_o will_v have_v have_v a_o prince_n choose_v to_o succeed_v he_o after_o his_o death_n and_o this_o envoy_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o john_n owerbeck_n envoy_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v also_o apprehensive_a of_o the_o same_o design_n form_v a_o strong_a party_n and_o be_v so_o effectual_o second_v by_o marshal_n lubomirski_n that_o they_o break_v casimir_n design_n and_o prevail_v with_o the_o diet_n to_o make_v a_o constitution_n forbid_v any_o person_n for_o the_o future_a to_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n the_o reason_n why_o king_n john_n casimir_n summon_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n to_o deliberate_v about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v because_o that_o prince_n consider_v the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o republic_n have_v be_v expose_v for_o above_o twelve_o year_n during_o which_o they_o have_v maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o cossack_n tartar_n muscovite_n swede_n transilvanian_o and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o none_o of_o all_o those_o enemy_n will_v have_v invade_v poland_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v encourage_v by_o his_o want_n of_o issue_n and_o therefore_o he_o look_v upon_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n as_o the_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o prevent_v the_o disorder_n that_o may_v be_v occasion_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la by_o the_o jealousy_n and_o ambition_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o especial_o of_o the_o muscovite_n who_o pretend_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o lithuania_n and_o to_o make_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n slave_n there_o be_v also_o many_o lithuanian_a gentleman_n who_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o same_o design_n with_o king_n casimire_n and_o have_v earnest_o desire_v that_o prince_n and_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n to_o consent_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n who_o may_v be_v able_a after_o the_o king_n death_n to_o oppose_v the_o muscovite_n who_o only_o wait_v for_o that_o opportunity_n to_o enter_v into_o lithuania_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o duchy_n a_o considerable_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v prevail_v with_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o intend_a election_n of_o a_o successor_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v choose_v again_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o piaste_n that_o be_v a_o native_a polander_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o king_n or_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o any_o other_o country_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o neighbour_n of_o poland_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o unmarried_a person_n and_o one_o that_o be_v neither_o too_o young_a nor_o too_o old_a it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o design_n be_v good_a for_o the_o king_n and_o those_o who_o second_v his_o desire_n look_v upon_o
on_o they_o and_o to_o all_o the_o city_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v ordain_v in_o the_o precede_a diet_n and_o to_o what_o shall_v afterward_o be_v ordain_v in_o the_o follow_a diet_n shall_v be_v inviolable_o keep_v and_o preserve_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v issue_v out_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o confirm_v they_o in_o all_o their_o clause_n and_o condition_n they_o also_o frequent_o add_v several_a other_o article_n according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n and_o the_o quality_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o elect_v prince_n as_o for_o the_o ceremony_n that_o be_v use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v the_o capitulation_n the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n carry_v it_o before_o he_o after_o the_o mass_n be_v say_v and_o require_v he_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v it_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n then_o the_o king_n be_v upon_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o great_a altar_n say_v after_o the_o chancellor_n we_o n._n choose_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhinia_n podolia_n podlassia_n livonia_n smolensko_n siberia_n and_o czernichovia_n promise_v to_o almighty_a god_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o observe_v maintain_v and_o accomplish_v all_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o at_o our_o election_n by_o our_o ambassador_n with_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o ambassador_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a to_o all_o the_o clause_n point_n article_n and_o condition_n mention_v therein_o and_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o speciality_n can_v derogate_v from_o the_o generality_n nor_o the_o generality_n from_o the_o speciality_n all_o which_o we_o promise_v to_o ratify_v by_o our_o oath_n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o coronation_n after_o the_o king_n have_v swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la the_o chancellor_n give_v he_o the_o decree_n of_o his_o election_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o sign_v by_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n use_v these_o precaution_n at_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n that_o if_o afterward_o he_o shall_v act_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o promise_v to_o obsorve_v the_o senator_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n it_o be_v the_o breach_n of_o one_o of_o those_o article_n which_o give_v the_o polander_n occasion_n to_o complain_v of_o king_n michael_n for_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o he_o swear_v to_o observe_v they_o have_v insert_v this_o article_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v any_o princess_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n nevertheless_o without_o ask_v their_o consent_n he_o marry_v the_o emperor_n sister_n and_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v against_o he_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o compel_v he_o to_o abdicate_v if_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v elect_v be_v not_o present_a at_o warsaw_n he_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o the_o republic_n send_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o oblige_v himself_o before_o they_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n anno_fw-la 1587._o as_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o poland_n that_o the_o great_a marshal_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o petty_a marshal_n carry_v the_o staff_n erect_v before_o the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v to_o any_o ceremony_n but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n to_o his_o coronation_n they_o carry_v the_o staff_n bow_v down_o that_o when_o the_o king_n issue_n out_o any_o letter_n order_n or_o constitution_n he_o only_o assume_v the_o quality_n of_o king_n elect_a and_o that_o no_o dispatch_n can_v be_v seal_v but_o with_o the_o little_a seal_n of_o the_o closet_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o election_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o coronation_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o seal_n of_o it_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v exercise_v the_o royal_a authority_n before_o his_o coronation_n for_o he_o can_v neither_o dispose_v of_o any_o office_n nor_o benesice_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o grant_v any_o favour_n nor_o use_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o his_o name_n and_o be_v shut_v up_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la can_v make_v a_o decree_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n it_o be_v the_o new_a king_n who_o appoint_v the_o day_n for_o this_o ceremony_n which_o must_v be_v perform_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n in_o the_o castle_n this_o city_n take_v its_o name_n from_o king_n cracus_n who_o build_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 700_o after_o he_o have_v leave_v gnesna_n which_o be_v former_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n in_o upper_a poland_n it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n who_o be_v a_o suffragan_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n the_o city_n be_v very_o large_a fine_a and_o well-built_a but_o the_o street_n be_v ill_o pave_v as_o in_o most_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n however_o the_o street_n be_v very_o broad_a and_o straight_o with_o a_o great_a square_n in_o the_o middle_n where_o the_o townhouse_n be_v build_v the_o castle_n or_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o little_a eminence_n or_o rock_n the_o foot_n of_o which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o vislula_n the_o circumference_n of_o this_o eminence_n be_v very_o small_a and_o consequent_o the_o palace_n be_v of_o no_o very_a great_a extent_n and_o as_o for_o the_o church_n though_o it_o be_v the_o cathedral_n of_o a_o great_a diocese_n and_o the_o buryingplace_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o small_a and_o least_o beautiful_a structure_n of_o that_o kind_n that_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v in_o that_o country_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n house_n be_v real_o well_o build_v but_o beside_o the_o extraordinary_a smallness_n and_o obscurity_n of_o the_o court_n it_o have_v neither_o garden_n wood_n nor_o water_n nor_o be_v it_o adorn_v with_o any_o wall_n or_o avenue_n it_o be_v former_o a_o strong_a place_n when_o the_o strength_n of_o place_n consist_v in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o situation_n but_o it_o be_v now_o only_o fit_a to_o refist_n some_o fly_a party_n of_o horse_n it_o be_v here_o where_o the_o jewel_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v with_o the_o royal_a ornament_n that_o be_v use_v at_o the_o king_n coronation_n there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o little_a hill_n or_o rise_v ground_n on_o which_o it_o stand_v the_o cave_n or_o den_n of_o that_o furious_a dragon_n which_o make_v such_o a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o which_o it_o be_v say_v cracus_n kill_v by_o lay_v some_o meat_n for_o he_o mix_v with_o pitch_n and_o brimstone_n when_o the_o coronation-day_n draw_v near_o the_o king_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o cracow_n on_o horseback_n the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v a_o canopy_n of_o state_n before_o he_o the_o troop_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n march_v before_o with_o their_o officer_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o palatine_n bishop_n and_o ambassador_n on_o horseback_n the_o ceremony_n be_v doubtless_o very_o splendid_a and_o i_o know_v not_o where_o a_o traveller_n can_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v a_o more_o magnificent_a cavalcade_n a_o man_n who_o ride_v on_o horseback_n before_o the_o king_n scatters_z some_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n stamp_v with_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o new_a king_n among_o the_o people_n in_o the_o street_n but_o this_o liberality_n cost_v he_o so_o little_a that_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v a_o hundred_o crown_n distribute_v thus_o the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o city_n gate_n to_o the_o castle_n pass_v through_o the_o public_a place_n where_o there_o be_v several_a triumphal_a arch_n adorn_v with_o statue_n device_n and_o various_a inscription_n on_o the_o day_n that_o precede_v the_o coronation_n which_o be_v call_v the_o day_n of_o expiation_n they_o perform_v the_o funeral_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n who_o body_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n at_o schalka_n where_o the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n and_o the_o chancellor_n their_o seal_n against_o the_o king_n coffin_n the_o new_a king_n go_v also_o thither_o
of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o gentleman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o be_v choose_v in_o each_o palatinat_n the_o lay-member_n once_o in_o four_o year_n and_o the_o ecclesiastic_n every_o two_o year_n the_o judgement_n be_v give_v by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n but_o in_o matter_n that_o be_v pure_o ecclesiastical_a the_o number_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n must_v be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o secular_a there_o be_v also_o two_o court_n for_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o finance_n one_o at_o radom_n in_o upper_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o at_o vilna_n the_o palatine_n take_v cognizance_n of_o nothing_o but_o such_o matter_n as_o relate_v to_o the_o jew_n the_o marshal_n give_v final_a judgement_n without_o further_a appeal_n in_o all_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a relate_v to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n household_n and_o to_o the_o domestic_a servant_n of_o the_o senator_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o king_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshal_n extend_v over_o the_o merchant_n and_o over_o all_o forreignner_n who_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o procure_v justice_n in_o this_o country_n the_o chancellor_n only_o determine_v such_o cause_n as_o be_v bring_v before_o they_o by_o appeal_n as_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o of_o palatine_n when_o the_o difference_n be_v between_o a_o christian_a and_o a_o jew_n the_o punishment_n of_o malefactor_n be_v of_o several_a kind_n some_o for_o example_n be_v hang_v and_o other_o behead_v the_o variety_n of_o punishment_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o the_o criminal_n but_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o they_o hang_v a_o robber_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o he_o be_v and_o they_o behead_v all_o sort_n of_o person_n for_o all_o other_o crime_n but_o robbery_n unless_o for_o some_o enormous_a villainy_n which_o be_v punish_v by_o break_v the_o malefactor_n on_o the_o wheel_n or_o by_o cut_v off_o two_o thoug_n or_o long_a piece_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o his_o back_n master_n have_v also_o a_o power_n to_o correct_v and_o chastise_v their_o servant_n which_o they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o servant_n that_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v be_v a_o gentleman_n they_o make_v he_o lie_v down_o upon_o his_o belly_n on_o a_o carpet_n that_o be_v spread_v upon_o the_o ground_n than_o a_o man_n beat_v he_o on_o the_o back_n with_o a_o cord_n or_o stick_v give_v he_o as_o many_o blow_v or_o lash_n as_o the_o master_n who_o be_v usual_o present_a order_n after_o which_o he_o who_o be_v beat_v embrace_v the_o knee_n of_o he_o who_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v beat_v and_o call_v he_o his_o benefactor_n this_o correction_n seem_v a_o little_a too_o severe_a but_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o people_n make_v it_o necessary_a since_o i_o have_v mention_v the_o way_n of_o punish_v servant_n who_o be_v gentleman_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o observe_v that_o polish_v gentleman_n may_v serve_v as_o coachman_n groom_n cook_n and_o do_v all_o the_o mean_a office_n without_o derogate_a from_o their_o nobility_n or_o render_v they_o incapable_a of_o the_o high_a preferment_n for_o i_o have_v know_v some_o of_o they_o who_o after_o they_o have_v be_v footboy_n to_o some_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o who_o after_o they_o have_v be_v drummer_n to_o a_o company_n of_o dragoon_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o senator_n and_o in_o the_o general_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o handicraft-trade_n that_o derogate_v from_o nobility_n in_o this_o country_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n marriage_n and_n funeral_n be_v extreme_o chargeable_a in_o poland_n for_o when_o a_o gentleman_n marry_v whether_o he_o be_v rich_a or_o poor_a the_o wedding_n must_v last_v three_o day_n the_o marriage_n of_o a_o waiting-gentlewoman_n put_v her_o lady_n to_o almost_o the_o same_o charge_n as_o if_o one_o of_o she_o own_o daughter_n be_v marry_v as_o for_o the_o marriage_n at_o court_n of_o the_o queen_n maid_n of_o honour_n or_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o some_o great_a lord_n on_o the_o first_o and_o second_o day_n the_o king_n make_v the_o wedding-feast_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o a_o great_a hall_n where_o three_o table_n be_v spread_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n sit_v at_o the_o first_o front_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hall_n the_o bride_n and_o bridegroom_n be_v seat_v by_o the_o queen_n side_n and_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n and_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n sit_v next_o the_o king_n the_o ambassador_n be_v also_o seat_v at_o the_o same_o table_n opposite_a to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n so_o that_o they_o be_v all_o under_o the_o canopy_n of_o state_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o example_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o at_o the_o feast_n which_o sigismond_n iii_o make_v at_o cracow_n upon_o occasion_n of_o his_o marriage_n with_o constance_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o year_n 1606_o he_o cause_v the_o cardinal_n maciejowski_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o be_v nominate_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n to_o be_v remove_v from_o under_o the_o canopy_n the_o lady_n senators_z and_o all_o the_o officer_n except_o those_o who_o be_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n be_v seat_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o other_o two_o table_n which_o be_v very_o long_o before_o they_o sit_v down_o they_o be_v all_o call_v over_o in_o order_n that_o they_o may_v take_v their_o place_n according_a to_o their_o rank_n the_o feast_n begin_v usual_o about_o four_o or_o five_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o they_o continue_v drink_v and_o dance_v till_o two_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o senator_n rise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n from_o the_o table_n and_o go_v before_o the_o king_n to_o drink_v his_o health_n and_o do_v he_o obedience_n by_o bend_v the_o knee_n though_o the_o table_n be_v cover_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n yet_o they_o eat_v but_o little_a at_o those_o feast_n but_o they_o drink_v abundance_n of_o hungary_n wine_n which_o be_v very_o excellent_a and_o one_o may_v say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o dear_a it_o be_v more_o common_a and_o less_o spare_v than_o water_n and_o there_o be_v not_o a_o lady_n at_o table_n who_o have_v not_o before_o her_o a_o dozen_o of_o glass_n of_o wine_n of_o all_o the_o health_n that_o be_v drink_v round_o for_o their_o modesty_n oblige_v they_o only_o to_o touch_v the_o glass_n with_o their_o lip_n so_o that_o they_o spill_v more_o wine_n upon_o the_o table_n and_o in_o the_o dish_n than_o they_o drink_v after_o the_o entertainment_n have_v last_v five_o or_o six_o hour_n they_o begin_v to_o dance_v to_o the_o music_n of_o several_a violin_n and_o small_a portable_a organ_n all_o sort_n of_o people_n dance_n in_o poland_n both_o the_o old_a the_o young_a the_o poor_a and_o the_o rich._n the_o old_a senator_n and_o the_o old_a lady_n begin_v the_o dance_n which_o they_o do_v so_o soft_o and_o modest_o that_o one_o will_v think_v it_o be_v a_o company_n of_o monk_n and_o nun_n walk_v in_o procession_n but_o the_o exercise_n grow_v warm_a by_o degree_n and_o end_n at_o last_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n on_o the_o second_o day_n every_o one_o present_n the_o bride_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o plate_n all_o those_o present_n be_v make_v before_o the_o queen_n and_o the_o bride_n who_o sit_v by_o she_o those_o who_o present_v they_o make_v harangue_n which_o be_v oftentimes_o long_o and_o troublesome_a and_o the_o queen_n chancellor_n answer_v they_o all_o so_o that_o this_o ceremony_n which_o common_o do_v not_o begin_v till_o noon_n last_v sometime_o till_o three_o a_o clock_n after_o which_o they_o begin_v to_o place_v themselves_o at_o the_o table_n on_o the_o three_o day_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v perform_v all_o the_o young_a people_n accompany_v the_o bridegroom_n and_o bride_n to_o church_n on_o horseback_n in_o their_o return_n they_o pass_v before_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o trumpet_n and_o kettledrum_n continual_o sound_a from_o the_o balcony_n on_o each_o side_n after_o which_o the_o same_o train_n conduct_n the_o king_n and_o the_o queen_n with_o the_o bride_n to_o the_o bridegroom_n house_n where_o there_o be_v a_o magnificent_a entertainment_n prepare_v for_o they_o after_o they_o rise_v from_o the_o table_n they_o dance_v and_o the_o ball_n be_v over_o every_o one_o retire_v then_o the_o bride_n begin_v to_o weep_v for_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o the_o polish_v gentlewoman_n to_o shed_v tear_n on_o that_o occasion_n and_o to_o seem_v very_o much_o afflict_v because_o otherwise_o they_o will_v run_v the_o hazard_n of_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o impudent_a and_o shameless_a woman_n have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o wedding_n i_o proceed_v to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o funeral_n which_o be_v so_o pompous_a and_o
and_o make_v it_o the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n after_o the_o death_n of_o lechus_n the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v commit_v to_o twelve_o palatine_n cracus_n 700._o an._n d._n 700._o he_o build_v cracow_n and_o transfer_v the_o court_n or_o residence_n of_o the_o prince_n from_o gnesna_n to_o that_o city_n lechus_n ii_o he_o assassinate_v his_o father_n cracus_n in_o a_o wood_n and_o give_v out_o that_o he_o be_v tear_v in_o piece_n by_o a_o bear_n queen_n venda_fw-la 750._o an._n d._n 750._o a_o princess_n equal_o famous_a for_o her_o beauty_n and_o valour_n after_o her_o death_n the_o kingdom_n be_v again_o govern_v by_o twelve_o palatine_n primislaus_n or_o lescus_n i._n 760._o an._n d._n 760._o a_o person_n of_o mean_a birth_n but_o of_o extraordinary_a courage_n and_o wisdom_n he_o be_v make_v prince_n or_o duke_n of_o poland_n with_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o important_a service_n he_o have_v do_v to_o his_o country_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o huns._n lesco_n ii_o surname_v the_o black_n 804._o an._n d._n 804._o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v assist_v attila_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n lesco_n iii_o 810._o an._n d._n 810._o the_o son_n and_o successor_n of_o lesco_n ii_o he_o be_v also_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n popiel_n i._n 815._o an._n d._n 815._o a_o debauch_a and_o effeminate_a prince_n popiel_n ii_o 830._o an._n d._n 830._o succeed_v his_o father_n and_o imitate_v his_o example_n he_o be_v eat_v up_o by_o mouse_n piastus_n 842._o an._n d._n 842._o he_o be_v advance_v from_o the_o blow_n to_o the_o throne_n in_o consideration_n of_o his_o justice_n and_o integrity_n semovitus_fw-la or_o ziemonitus_fw-la 861._o an._n d._n 861._o he_o defeat_v the_o vandal_n and_o conquer_a several_a country_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o balthic_n sea_n lesco_n iu._n 892._o an._n d._n 892._o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o all_o his_o neighbour_n semislaus_n or_o ziemomistus_fw-la 913._o an._n d._n 913._o he_o maintain_v the_o peace_n which_o his_o predecessor_n have_v establish_v mesco_fw-it or_o miecislaus_fw-la 964._o an._n d._n 964._o he_o be_v bear_v blind_a but_o receive_v his_o sight_n during_o his_o father_n life_n who_o upon_o this_o occasion_n consult_v those_o who_o pretend_v to_o foretell_v thing_n to_o come_v be_v inform_v that_o his_o son_n shall_v be_v remarkable_a for_o piety_n he_o be_v the_o first_o duke_n or_o prince_n of_o poland_n who_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n boleslaus_n i._o surname_v chrobri_n 999._o an._n d._n 999._o he_o lay_v aside_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n with_o which_o his_o predecessor_n have_v content_v themselves_o and_o be_v solemn_o style_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n by_o otho_n iii_o an._n 1001._o he_o subdue_v the_o bohemian_o moravian_o silesian_n prussian_n and_o pomeranian_o mesco_fw-it or_o miecislaus_fw-la ii_o 1025._o an._n d._n 1025._o a_o lazy_a and_o effeminate_a prince_n under_o his_o reign_n the_o bohemian_o and_o moravian_o revolt_a from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n casimir_n i._n 1041._o an._n d._n 1041._o he_o be_v dethrone_v and_o force_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o cloister_n but_o afterward_o raise_v a_o army_n and_o defeat_v the_o tyrant_n who_o have_v usurp_v the_o crown_n boleslaus_n ii_o surname_v the_o bold_a 1059._o an._n d._n 1059._o he_o defeat_v the_o huns_n and_o other_o scythian_a nation_n and_o subdue_v moravia_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o glory_n of_o his_o victory_n his_o memory_n be_v infamous_a in_o history_n he_o fall_v in_o love_n with_o a_o mare_n and_o barbarous_o murder_v the_o bishop_n stanislaus_n who_o reprove_v he_o for_o his_o brutish_a and_o unnatural_a lust_n and_o for_o these_o detestable_a crime_n both_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o regal_a dignity_n he_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o dog_n vladislaus_n i._o surname_v hermannus_n 1082._o an._n d._n 1082._o a_o warlike_a and_o just_a prince_n boleslaus_n iii_o surname_v crivoustus_n 1103._o an._n d._n 1103._o he_o assist_v the_o hungarian_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v very_o powerful_a at_o sea_n vladislaus_n ii_o 1146._o an._n d._n 1146._o he_o endeavour_v to_o oppress_v his_o brother_n but_o be_v at_o last_o defeat_v and_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n boleslaus_n iv_o surname_v crispus_n 1146._o an._n d._n 1146._o he_o make_v war_n with_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n barbarossa_n miecislaus_fw-la iii_o surname_v the_o age_a 1174._o an._n d._n 1174._o he_o be_v depose_v for_o oppress_v the_o people_n with_o exorbitant_a imposition_n casimit_n ii_o 1178._o an._n d._n 1178._o succeed_v his_o brother_n abrogate_v the_o unjust_a law_n that_o be_v establish_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o free_v the_o people_n from_o tyrannical_a imposition_n lesco_n v._o surname_v the_o white_a 1195._o an._n d._n 1195._o he_o be_v attack_v by_o this_o uncle_n miecislaus_fw-la the_o age_a and_o defend_v himself_o with_o various_a success_n till_o he_o be_v at_o last_o surprise_v as_o he_o be_v bathe_v himself_o and_o thrust_v through_o with_o a_o spear_n during_o the_o turbulent_a reign_n of_o this_o prince_n the_o country_n be_v miserable_o harass_v and_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v for_o some_o time_n assume_v by_o miecislaus_fw-la and_o afterward_o by_o vladislaus_n lasconogus_n boleslaus_n v._o surname_v the_o chaste_a 1226._o an._n d._n 1226._o in_o his_o time_n the_o tartar_n make_v a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o poland_n lesco_n vi_o surname_v the_o black_n 1279._o an._n d._n 1279._o he_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n against_o conrade_n who_o have_v besiege_v cracow_n premislaus_n ii_o 1295._o an._n d._n 1295._o he_o reassume_v the_o regal_a title_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o be_v crown_v by_o james_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n against_o the_o bohemian_o but_o be_v surprise_v and_o kill_v in_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wenceslaus_n 1296._o an._n d._n 1296._o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n he_o defeat_v the_o hungarian_n and_o fight_v against_o the_o emperor_n albert._n vladislaus_n iii_o surname_v locticus_n 1305._o an._n d._n 1305._o he_o be_v assist_v in_o his_o war_n by_o the_o lithuanian_n casimit_n iii_o surname_v the_o great_a 1333._o an._n d._n 1333._o a_o just_a and_o peaceful_a prince_n he_o free_v the_o kingdom_n from_o robber_n who_o during_o the_o late_a disorder_n have_v make_v the_o way_n unpassable_a and_o establish_v new_a law_n to_o suppress_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o soldier_n he_o entertain_v four_o king_n at_o a_o splendid_a feast_n viz._n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n cyprus_n denmark_n and_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o give_v his_o niece_n in_o marriage_n to_o the_o last_o lewis_n 1370._o an._n d._n 1370._o king_n of_o hungary_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o rout_v the_o lithuanian_n in_o a_o memorable_a battle_n vladislaus_n iu._n or_o ii_o call_v jagello_n 1386._o an._n d._n 1386._o this_o prince_n who_o be_v duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o a_o pagan_a marry_v hedwige_v the_o daughter_n of_o king_n lewis_n and_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n he_o unite_v the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o extirpated_a paganism_n out_o of_o that_o country_n he_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n in_o prussia_n vladislaus_n v._o or_o iii_o 1434._o an._n d._n 1434._o he_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o hungary_n and_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o varna_n casimit_n iv_o surname_v the_o great_a 1447._o an._n d._n 1447._o he_o take_v several_a town_n from_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n john_n albert._n 1492._o an._n d._n 1492._o he_o die_v as_o he_o be_v make_v preparation_n for_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n alexander_n 1501._o an._n d._n 1501._o this_o prince_n be_v successful_a in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o moscovite_n and_o tartar_n sigismond_n i._n 1507._o an._n d._n 1507._o he_o defeat_v the_o muscovite_n tartar_n and_o hungarian_n and_o subdue_v prussia_n sigismond_n ii_o surname_v augustus_n 1548._o an._n d._n 1548._o this_o be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o race_n of_o vladislaus_n jagellon_n henry_n of_o valois_n 1574._o an._n d._n 1574._o he_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o french_a and_o four_o month_n after_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n retire_v private_o from_o poland_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n ix_o who_o he_o succeed_v in_o france_n stephen_n bathori_n prince_n of_o transilvania_n 1576._o an._n d._n 1576._o a_o wise_a brave_a and_o victorious_a prince_n his_o virtue_n be_v celebrate_v at_o his_o death_n in_o the_o follow_a elegy_n in_o
templo_fw-la plusquam_fw-la sacerdos_n in_o republica_a plusquam_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o sententia_fw-la dicenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la senator_n in_o judicio_fw-la plusquam_fw-la jurisconsultus_fw-la in_o exercitu_fw-la plusquam_fw-la imperator_fw-la in_o acie_n plusquam_fw-la miles_n in_o adversis_fw-la perferendis_fw-la injuriisque_fw-la condonandis_fw-la plusquam_fw-la vir._n in_o publica_fw-la libertate_fw-la tuenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la civis_fw-la in_o pater_fw-la colenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la amicus_fw-la in_o convictu_fw-la plusquam_fw-la familiaris_fw-la in_o venatione_n ferisque_fw-la domandis_fw-la plusquam_fw-la leo._n in_o tota_fw-la reliqua_fw-la vita_fw-la plusquam_fw-la philosophus_fw-la sigismond_n iii_o 1587._o an._n d._n 1587._o the_o son_n of_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n by_o catherine_n daughter_n to_o sigismond_n i._o have_v renounce_v the_o protestant_a religion_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n he_o order_v maximilian_n archduke_n of_o austria_n who_o the_o crown-general_n zamoski_n have_v defeat_v to_o be_v bind_v with_o golden-fetter_n and_o carry_v to_o zamosch_n where_o he_o keep_v he_o prisoner_n two_o year_n vladislaus_n vi_o or_o iu_o the_o son_n and_o successor_n of_o sigismond_n he_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o encounter_v a_o army_n of_o 200000_o muscovite_n with_o 50000_o man_n and_o rout_v they_o entire_o after_o this_o memorable_a and_o important_a victory_n he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o moscow_n and_o return_v in_o triumph_n to_o warsaw_n with_o two_o czar_n the_o patriarch_n the_o crown_n and_o 500_o wagon_n load_v with_o rich_a spoil_n he_o defeat_v the_o grand_a signior_n osman_n and_o pursue_v he_o almost_o as_o far_o as_o constantinople_n afterward_o he_o be_v so_o animate_v with_o a_o imprudent_a zeal_n for_o the_o propagate_a of_o religion_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n to_o the_o holy-land_n and_o die_v for_o grief_n because_o the_o polander_n refuse_v to_o raise_v subsidy_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o prosecute_v that_o design_n after_o his_o death_n the_o kingdom_n be_v harass_v by_o the_o cossack_n who_o be_v principal_o incense_v against_o the_o jew_n and_o jesuit_n john_n casimit_n who_o be_v former_o a_o jesuit_n and_o a_o cardinal_n be_v elect_v king_n after_o his_o brother_n vladislaus_n and_o obtain_v a_o dispensation_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o marry_v his_o widow_n he_o defeat_v the_o cossack_n in_o a_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a battle_n near_o beresteczko_n in_o russia_n have_v by_o this_o victory_n curb_v that_o factious_a people_n and_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o begin_v to_o indulge_v himself_o in_o his_o pleasure_n he_o banish_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n after_o he_o have_v debauch_v his_o wife_n and_o that_o injure_v officer_n return_v to_o sweden_n persuade_v that_o prince_n to_o invade_v poland_n which_o he_o do_v with_o so_o great_a success_n that_o casimir_n be_v entire_o dispossess_v but_o he_o be_v afterward_o recall_v even_o by_o those_o who_o join_v with_o his_o enemy_n and_o after_o several_a battle_n oblige_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n at_o last_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o his_o queen_n that_o he_o may_v make_v way_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n to_o succeed_v he_o he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o retire_v to_o france_n where_o he_o be_v make_v abbot_n of_o st._n germane_a michael_n after_o casimir_n abdication_n several_a intrigue_n be_v make_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n newburg_n and_o york_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n who_o stand_v candidate_n for_o the_o crown_n at_o that_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n profess_v the_o protestant_a religion_n but_o when_o that_o be_v object_v against_o he_o by_o the_o nobility_n a_o certain_a jesuit_n who_o be_v employ_v to_o manage_v his_o interest_n declare_v open_o before_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n that_o he_o be_v a_o roman-catholick_n at_o last_o contrary_a to_o all_o expectation_n the_o election_n be_v determine_v in_o favour_n of_o michael_n coributh_n wisnowieczki_n who_o be_v descend_v of_o the_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n this_o prince_n die_v at_o warsaw_n about_o a_o year_n after_o his_o coronation_n and_o it_o be_v common_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v poison_v by_o a_o certain_a priest_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o general_n sobieski_n afterward_o choose_a king_n come_v to_o see_v he_o in_o his_o coffin_n the_o nose_n of_o the_o decease_a prince_n begin_v to_o bleed_v assoon_o as_o he_o enter_v the_o room_n john_n sobieski_n this_o prince_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o very_a noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n he_o be_v the_o young_a son_n of_o sobieski_n castellan_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o daughter_n of_o stanislas_n zolkiewski_n great_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v make_v great_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n august_n 24._o 1665_o great_a general_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o 1667_o and_o great_a master_n of_o the_o king_n household_n palatin_a of_o cracow_n etc._n etc._n he_o retake_v 60_o city_n from_o the_o rebel_n cossack_n in_o vkrania_n in_o 1667._o he_o defend_v podhais_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o two_o year_n after_o take_v from_o they_o and_o the_o cossack_n the_o whole_a palatinate_n of_o braclaw_n in_o lower_n podolia_fw-la in_o 1673._o he_o obtain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n over_o the_o turk_n at_o choczim_n on_o the_o niester_n where_o 8000_o janissary_n and_o 20000_o spahis_n be_v kill_v he_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n may_v 10_o 1674_o and_o make_v two_o campaign_n against_o the_o turk_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v but_o that_o which_o will_v for_o ever_o perpetuate_v the_o honour_n of_o his_o memory_n be_v that_o glorious_a and_o important_a action_n which_o he_o perform_v in_o 1683_o when_o he_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o vienna_n the_o follow_a panegyrical_a character_n of_o that_o prince_n be_v make_v upon_o that_o occasion_n joanni_fw-it iii_o dominatione_fw-la polonico_n lithuanico_n liberatione_n austriaco_n pannonico_n profligatione_fw-la ottomanico_fw-la thracio_n religione_fw-la christianissimo_fw-la pielate_fw-la catholico_fw-la zelo_fw-la apostolico_fw-la inter_fw-la deuce_n pugnacissimo_fw-la inter_fw-la reges_fw-la sapientissimo_fw-la inter_fw-la imperatores_fw-la augustissimo_fw-la cui_fw-la gloria_fw-la militaris_fw-la regna_fw-la peperit_fw-la clementia_n stabilivit_fw-la virtus_fw-la perennavit_fw-la qui_fw-la raro_fw-la pietatis_fw-la &_o constantiae_fw-la exemplo_fw-la propria_fw-la deserens_fw-la aliena_fw-la defendens_fw-la docuit_fw-la quo_fw-la pacto_fw-la sacra_fw-la foederis_fw-la jura_fw-la jungantur_fw-la custodiantur_fw-la &_o compleantur_fw-la ottomani_fw-la be_fw-mi lunam_fw-la fulgentissimo_fw-la crucis_fw-la vexillo_fw-la eternam_fw-la eclypsim_fw-la minitantem_fw-la adeo_fw-la prosper_v feliciterque_fw-la finibus_fw-la extirpavit_fw-la ut_fw-la unum_fw-la idemque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la venisse_fw-la vidisse_fw-la &_o vicisse_fw-la igitur_fw-la inter_fw-la innumeros_fw-la christiani_n orbis_n plausus_fw-la inter_fw-la vindicatam_fw-la religionis_fw-la &_o imperii_fw-la laetitiam_fw-la inter_fw-la cruentae_fw-la lunae_fw-la extrema_fw-la deliquia_fw-la agnoscant_fw-la praesentes_fw-la credant_fw-la posteri_fw-la non_fw-la tantum_fw-la enascenti_fw-la evangelio_n quo_fw-la propagaretur_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o adulto_fw-la ne_fw-la profligaretur_fw-la vtrobique_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la missum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la hominem_fw-la cui_fw-la nomen_fw-la erat_fw-la joannes_n he_o marry_v the_o lady_n mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o marquis_n now_o cardinal_n do_v arquien_v and_o widow_n of_o prince_n zamoiski_n he_o die_v june_n 17._o 1696_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o a_o apoplexy_n after_o a_o long_a indisposition_n some_o remark_n upon_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n as_o to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n in_o poland_n that_o whereas_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v the_o keeper_n preserver_n and_o defendor_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n now_o for_o fear_n of_o a_o change_n in_o the_o government_n as_o have_v happen_v in_o france_n denmark_n swedeland_n and_o italy_n where_o the_o nobility_n have_v be_v corrupt_v and_o bribe_v with_o honour_n and_o other_o reward_n by_o the_o king_n have_v by_o degree_n remit_v from_o time_n to_o time_n some_o of_o their_o right_n and_o immunity_n ill_o at_o last_o they_o have_v fool_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o freedom_n into_o a_o slavish_a dependence_n on_o the_o court_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n warn_v by_o those_o example_n to_o avoid_v such_o a_o fate_n have_v make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n must_v be_v nemine_fw-la contradicente_fw-la a_o instance_n of_o this_o may_v be_v give_v in_o the_o election_n of_o king_n vladislaus_n the_o four_o a_o most_o warlike_a prince_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o commonwealth_n with_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nobility_n except_v only_o one_o deputy_n who_o make_v a_o solemn_a protestation_n against_o the_o vote_n of_o all_o the_o diet_n yet_o the_o say_a prince_n can_v not_o be_v crown_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o
the_o say_a deputy_n who_o be_v ask_v why_o he_o thus_o dissent_v answer_v that_o he_o do_v it_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n may_v be_v safe_a and_o lodge_v within_o his_o power_n though_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v corrupt_v have_v say_v this_o and_o cause_v his_o protestation_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o record_n and_o archive_v of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o present_o consent_v with_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o election_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o four_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v endow_v with_o so_o many_o privilege_n and_o the_o deputy_n have_v always_o a_o free_a vote_n the_o aristocratical_a state_n of_o poland_n can_v well_o be_v change_v by_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n into_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n for_o whosoever_o offer_v to_o do_v this_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o be_v perjure_a and_o no_o more_o a_o king_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o late_a king_n john_n the_o three_o oath_n in_o harnoc_n beside_o the_o nobility_n use_v immediate_o to_o complain_v in_o the_o open_a senate_n of_o the_o tyranny_n of_o those_o that_o attempt_v such_o innovation_n as_o do_v a_o certain_a deputy_n out_o of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n king_n stephen_n bathori_n after_o many_o victory_n which_o he_o gain_v and_o several_a province_n with_o which_o he_o enlarge_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n begin_v at_o last_o to_o endeavour_v to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a monarch_n of_o poland_n whereupon_o this_o deputy_n express_v himself_o in_o a_o speech_n with_o so_o much_o freedom_n boldness_n and_o vehemence_n that_o the_o king_n ambitious_a and_o passionate_a in_o his_o nature_n not_o be_v able_a to_o let_v the_o deputy_n run_v on_o any_o long_a upon_o that_o topic_n interrupt_v he_o in_o these_o word_n hold_v your_o tongue_n you_o rascal_n to_o which_o the_o deputy_n make_v answer_n i_o be_o no_o rascal_n but_o a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n a_o elector_n of_o king_n and_o a_o deposer_n of_o tyrant_n whereupon_o the_o king_n say_v to_o he_o if_o i_o be_v not_o a_o king_n and_o the_o deputy_n answer_v if_o you_o be_v not_o by_o which_o imperfect_a reply_v the_o deputy_n hint_v to_o the_o king_n that_o he_o do_v not_o want_v courage_n to_o engage_v with_o he_o hand_n to_o hand_n for_o liberty_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v check_v by_o his_o respect_n for_o the_o majesty_n of_o king_n the_o king_n afterward_o have_v bury_v all_o his_o resentment_n advance_v he_o to_o the_o high_a dignity_n nor_o do_v he_o believe_v that_o this_o have_v any_o way_n lessen_v his_o majesty_n on_o the_o contrary_a he_o always_o esteem_v he_o one_o of_o the_o best_a patriot_n and_o lover_n of_o his_o country_n if_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n aim_n at_o arbitrary_a government_n or_o act_n contrary_a to_o the_o religion_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n he_o be_v immediate_o depose_v or_o force_v to_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n the_o form_n which_o king_n casimire_n use_v in_o his_o abdication_n be_v as_o follow_v we_o make_v know_v and_o declare_v to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o be_v sensible_a of_o our_o weakness_n which_o grow_v daily_o upon_o we_o with_o our_o age_n we_o be_v unable_a any_o long_o to_o bear_v up_o under_o the_o burden_n of_o so_o great_a weight_n as_o the_o government_n of_o this_o state_n be_v wherefore_o we_o voluntary_o and_o of_o our_o own_o accord_n have_v resolve_v upon_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n that_o we_o wight_n spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o our_o decline_a life_n quiet_o and_o in_o private_a and_o in_o prepare_v for_o a_o better_a life_n that_o never_o end_v for_o this_o reason_n have_v call_v a_o full_a senate_n at_o warsaw_n on_o the_o twelve_o of_o june_n in_o this_o paesent_a year_n we_o open_v our_o mind_n to_o our_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n who_o be_v strike_v with_o the_o greatness_n and_o novelty_n of_o the_o affair_n and_o reverence_v the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n and_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n to_o all_o the_o kingdom_n we_o according_o appoint_v a_o general_n diet_n of_o all_o the_o order_n of_o our_o kingdom_n to_o be_v hold_v on_o the_o six_o and_o twenty_o day_n of_o august_n and_o at_o the_o first_o open_v of_o the_o diet_n make_v know_v our_o intention_n of_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n we_o have_v have_v experience_n of_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o our_o loyal_a citizen_n and_o subject_n who_o bear_v a_o grateful_a memory_n of_o the_o desert_n and_o good_a action_n of_o our_o most_o serene_a predecessor_n and_o pay_v a_o deference_n to_o the_o great_a care_n trouble_n and_o danger_n i_o undergo_v for_o twenty_o year_n together_o in_o various_a turn_v of_o fortune_n in_o so_o many_o camp_n and_o in_o so_o many_o diet_n endeavour_v by_o importunate_a entreaty_n and_o earnest_a request_n to_o keep_v we_o upon_o the_o throne_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o we_o constant_o persist_v in_o our_o resolution_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o we_o shall_v make_v our_o abdication_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o polish_v crown_n in_o a_o real_a and_o solemn_a manner_n upon_o mature_a and_o serious_a deliberation_n and_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o order_n of_o the_o state_n we_o be_v in_o full_a sowndness_n of_o body_n and_o mind_n do_v free_o and_o without_o constraint_n abdicate_v from_o this_o time_n and_o for_o ever_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o principality_n thereunto_o annex_v we_o restore_v in_o full_a form_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o marshal_n and_o of_o the_o state_n our_o regal_a dignity_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o of_o ancient_n right_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n we_o absolve_v all_o the_o state_n and_o order_n and_o every_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n take_v to_o we_o and_o we_o release_v they_o from_o the_o obligation_n of_o homage_n and_o fealty_n the_o duke_n of_o prussia_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v we_o only_o we_o declare_v free_a from_o all_o obligation_n due_a to_o we_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o contract_n make_v for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o prussia_n and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o right_n of_o fealty_n for_o bitovia_n and_o lawenburgh_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o kureland_n we_o likewise_o declare_v free_v from_o homage_n and_o all_o other_o obligation_n whatsoever_o the_o authentic_a and_o original_a grant_n of_o our_o election_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o we_o restore_v cancel_v and_o annul_v without_o pretend_v to_o claim_v any_o or_o the_o least_o right_o of_o sovereignty_n to_o ourselves_o or_o any_o of_o our_o heir_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o principality_n thereunto_o annex_v by_o which_o abdication_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n right_o and_o lawful_o make_v and_o ratify_v by_o these_o present_n it_o shall_v be_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n primate_n of_o poland_n and_o chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a and_o to_o perform_v all_o that_o of_o right_n and_o custom_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v empower_v to_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o poland_n and_o we_o further_o promise_v that_o we_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hinder_v it_o from_o be_v a_o very_a free_a election_n that_o we_o will_v not_o promote_v the_o interest_n of_o any_o candidate_n and_o that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n we_o will_v remove_v and_o abide_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o election_n in_o testimony_n and_o confirmation_n thereof_o we_o have_v command_v these_o our_o letter_n patent_n to_o be_v publish_v under_o the_o royal_a seal_n date_v at_o warsaw_n at_o the_o general_n diet_n of_o the_o kingdom_n sept._n 16._o this_o solemn_a abdication_n make_v by_o king_n casimire_n be_v afterward_o publish_a by_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o insert_v here_o that_o so_o the_o abdication_n and_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o king_n james_n ii_o publish_a by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n may_v not_o seem_v a_o novelty_n and_o it_o be_v as_o follow_v we_o the_o senate_n and_o officer_n both_o of_o church_n and_o state_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o both_o country_n be_v assemble_v in_o the_o diet_n do_v manifest_a and_o declare_v that_o after_o the_o example_n of_o our_o predecessor_n
who_o esteem_v nothing_o more_o decent_a nothing_o more_o worthy_a to_o be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n than_o the_o respect_n they_o pay_v their_o prince_n and_o have_v hand_v down_o to_o we_o the_o esteem_n they_o have_v for_o they_o we_o have_v always_o use_v our_o endeavour_n to_o maintain_v and_o increase_v the_o good_a will_n and_o reputation_n of_o our_o prince_n to_o the_o vigorous_a maintenance_n whereof_o not_o only_o our_o honourable_a emulation_n of_o our_o ancestor_n virtue_n not_o only_o the_o obligation_n and_o gratitude_n we_o owe_v to_o the_o royal_a race_n of_o jagello_n which_o for_o almost_o three_o hundred_o year_n together_o have_v govern_v we_o so_o auspicious_o do_v excite_v we_o but_o the_o extraordinary_a endowment_n of_o his_o present_a majesty_n who_o have_v govern_v our_o state_n with_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o reputation_n as_o his_o great_a predecessor_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n attract_v both_o our_o veneration_n and_o admiration_n he_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o undertake_v noble_a design_n to_o endure_v the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o cold_a of_o winter_n to_o be_v vigilant_a in_o campain_n to_o suffer_v hunger_n and_o thirst_n to_o lie_v on_o the_o cold_a ground_n to_o spend_v sleepless_a night_n and_o as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v necessity_n or_o occasion_n hazard_v his_o own_o life_n for_o his_o subject_n safety_n he_o be_v famous_a in_o the_o art_n both_o of_o peace_n and_o war_n and_o gain_v a_o especial_a esteem_n for_o his_o clemency_n whereupon_o we_o interpose_v the_o weighty_a authority_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a senate_n the_o humble_a request_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o both_o country_n the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o whole_a republic_n and_o the_o desire_n of_o several_a prince_n last_o we_o object_v to_o he_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o tie_v of_o his_o oath_n but_o when_o all_o these_o motive_n can_v not_o prevail_v nor_o alter_v the_o unshaken_a mind_n of_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n from_o his_o thought_n of_o eternity_n we_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o yield_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o our_o fate_n and_o no_o long_o to_o attempt_v to_o remove_v his_o majesty_n from_o his-resolution_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n have_v issue_v forth_o his_o letter_n patent_n which_o we_o have_v design_v for_o a_o pledge_n of_o our_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a fidelity_n and_o have_v add_v another_o more_o particular_a one_o whereby_o he_o release_v we_o and_o all_o his_o subject_n from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o from_o all_o other_o obligation_n we_o likewise_o on_o our_o part_n by_o these_o our_o letter_n patent_n do_v release_v his_o majesty_n from_o the_o oath_n make_v by_o his_o deputy_n as_o well_o before_o his_o coronation_n in_o the_o church_n of_o warsaw_n as_o afterward_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o cracow_n and_o we_o disannul_v it_o to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n provide_v that_o our_o right_n and_o privilege_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v preserve_v and_o that_o this_o act_n may_v not_o prejudice_v a_o free_a election_n our_o law_n and_o liberty_n nor_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o precedent_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o premise_n we_o have_v affix_v our_o hand_n date_v at_o warsaw_n sept._n 16._o an._n dom._n 1668._o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o majesty_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n be_v adjust_v to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o people_n and_o all_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n together_o with_o the_o king_n be_v keep_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o equity_n so_o that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o king_n shall_v fail_v in_o his_o duty_n and_o aim_v at_o the_o invade_v of_o the_o property_n of_o his_o subject_n he_o be_v immediate_o check_v therein_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n who_o be_v swear_v to_o do_v it_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n dedepend_v on_o the_o grave_a advice_n of_o his_o senate_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o senators_z and_o all_o the_o knight_n reverence_n love_n and_o honour_n his_o sacred_a majesty_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o lay_v down_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n for_o his_o benefit_n and_o preservation_n a_o account_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o socinianism_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o sect_n poland_n be_v at_o first_o convert_v by_o s._n adalbert_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n from_o paganism_n to_o christianity_n and_o have_v continue_v steadfast_a ever_o since_o for_o almost_o seven_o hundred_o year_n in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n it_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o romish_a principle_n by_o he_o and_o have_v always_o pay_v a_o very_a great_a respect_n to_o the_o holy_a see_v and_o endeavour_v to_o excel_v all_o other_o in_o their_o zeal_n for_o its_o interest_n at_o present_a since_o the_o extirpation_n of_o the_o hussit_n berengarian_o picard_n anabaptist_n arian_n tritheist_n photian_n ebionite_n reactitorian_n and_o a_o world_n of_o such_o like_a heresy_n and_o last_o of_o the_o socinian_o who_o by_o the_o countenance_n of_o some_o nobleman_n and_o the_o toleration_n once_o allow_v have_v swarm_v in_o poland_n the_o roman_a religion_n chief_o prevail_v in_o that_o country_n the_o king_n indeed_o promise_v upon_o oath_n before_o his_o coronation_n to_o protect_v the_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n the_o greek_n likewise_o and_o the_o jew_n have_v the_o same_o toleration_n there_o which_o they_o have_v in_o many_o other_o country_n and_o as_o the_o case_n now_o stand_v that_o old_a proverb_n which_o say_v whoever_o have_v lose_v his_o religion_n may_v find_v it_o in_o poland_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v no_o long_o true_a of_o that_o kingdom_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o a_o clear_a account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o how_o they_o creep_v in_o and_o how_o they_o be_v at_o last_o throw_v out_o can_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o author_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v it_o you_o as_o brief_o and_o orderly_o as_o i_o can_v this_o pernicious_a heresy_n of_o socinianism_n which_o by_o christian_n ought_v to_o be_v detest_v above_o all_o other_o which_o do_v not_o strike_v at_o any_o particular_a article_n but_o shake_v and_o almost_o overthrow_v the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o our_o religion_n come_v out_o of_o italy_n 1546._o in_o the_o year_n 1546._o and_o begin_v at_o first_o in_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n at_o vincenza_n by_o forty_o men._n two_o of_o they_o julius_n trevisanus_n and_o franciscus_n ruigo_n be_v take_v and_o strangle_v at_o venice_n the_o rest_n to_o avoid_v the_o same_o fate_n leave_v italy_n and_o dwell_v in_o turkey_n poland_n transilvania_n suitzerland_n and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o a_o toleration_n of_o religion_n be_v allow_v the_o first_o who_o spread_v the_o error_n of_o this_o heresy_n in_o poland_n be_v a_o certain_a dutchman_n name_v spicillus_n alius_fw-la fricius_n a_o disciple_n of_o erasmus_n and_o well_o skilled_a in_o hebrew_a greek_a and_o latin_a under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1546._o he_o come_v to_o cracow_n where_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n he_o be_v treat_v very_o noble_o as_o a_o stranger_n by_o the_o mayor_n of_o the_o city_n at_o this_o treat_n there_o be_v several_a nobleman_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n andreas_n modrevius_n the_o king_n secretary_n this_o man_n upon_o start_v several_a doubt_n concern_v the_o ever_o bless_a trinity_n be_v the_o first_o that_o follow_v the_o dutchman_n in_o his_o error_n who_o by_o the_o secretary_n mean_v induce_v the_o king_n himself_o to_o be_v his_o disciple_n the_o king_n be_v thus_o wrought_v upon_o by_o his_o secretary_n the_o dutchman_n be_v soon_o follow_v by_o laelius_n socinus_n who_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o italy_n abscond_v at_o zurich_n where_o when_o he_o once_o hear_v how_o successful_o the_o dutchman_n have_v spread_v his_o heresy_n in_o poland_n he_o immediate_o take_v along_o with_o he_o alicatus_n parata_fw-la and_o ochinus_n three_o of_o his_o associate_n and_o come_v to_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1551._o he_o be_v introduce_v into_o the_o king_n court_n by_o the_o secretary_n where_o he_o infuse_v his_o error_n into_o lismaninus_n queen_n bona_n confessor_n and_o many_o other_o courtier_n many_o nobleman_n and_o senator_n of_o all_o order_n be_v corrupt_v by_o these_o man_n and_z at_o last_o they_o draw_v into_o their_o party_n james_n sieninski_n palatine_n of_o podolia_n and_o lord_n of_o racovia_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n he_o turn_v from_o calvinism_n to_o socinianism_n and_o build_v a_o printing-house_n and_o a_o academy_n at_o racovia_n for_o the_o use_v of_o this_o sect._n this_o town_n be_v very_o pleasant_a for_o the_o temperature_n of_o its_o air_n for_o the_o sweetness_n of_o its_o situation_n for_o the_o lake_n fountain_n grove_n walk_n and_o
lithuanian_n consent_v that_o the_o lesser_a poland_n shall_v appoint_v the_o marshal_n and_o the_o choice_n fall_v upon_o mounseur_fw-fr omienisky_a lieutenant_n colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o next_o day_n this_o dispute_n be_v over_o news_n come_v that_o the_o army_n have_v confederated_a themselves_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n for_o the_o king_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v have_v not_o take_v care_n to_o pay_v the_o force_n a_o vast_a sum_n be_v due_a to_o they_o for_o their_o arrear_n they_o choose_v a_o officer_n called_z baronowsky_n for_o their_o general_n and_o promise_v to_o remain_v unite_v till_o they_o have_v receive_v satisfaction_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o resolve_v to_o raise_v contribution_n for_o their_o subsistance_n this_o news_n put_v the_o diet_n in_o great_a consternation_n and_o likely_o contribute_v to_o the_o resolution_n they_o take_v the_o same_o day_n which_o be_v to_o lay_v aside_o all_o objection_n against_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o deputy_n with_o this_o proviso_n that_o none_o shall_v have_v a_o voice_n in_o the_o diet_n till_o they_o have_v free_o satisfy_v the_o assembly_n about_o the_o reason_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v against_o they_o they_o repair_v afterward_o in_o great_a ceremony_n unto_o the_o senator_n hall_n and_o the_o marshal_n make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n set_v forth_o the_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o the_o king_n death_n return_v thanks_o to_o his_o eminency_n for_o his_o great_a care_n of_o the_o public_a and_o declare_v that_o the_o deputy_n be_v ready_a to_o concur_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n to_o all_o the_o proposal_n that_o shall_v be_v make_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o nation_n the_o primate_n return_v a_o answer_n suitable_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o time_n and_o propose_v several_a point_n to_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n by_o the_o assembly_n 1._o a_o association_n of_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o security_n of_o it_o 2._o to_o draw_v up_o law_n and_o condition_n to_o which_o the_o future_a king_n shall_v be_v oblige_v and_o to_o publish_v they_o that_o all_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n may_v be_v inform_v thereof_o 3._o to_o find_v and_o apply_v a_o proper_a remedy_n to_o the_o faction_n quarrel_n and_o animosity_n which_o have_v be_v so_o prevalent_a under_o the_o precede_a government_n and_o prevent_v the_o like_a for_o the_o future_a 4._o to_o provide_v for_o the_o speedy_a payment_n of_o the_o army_n as_o the_o only_a way_n to_o prevent_v mutiny_n and_o sedition_n among_o the_o soldier_n and_o for_o carry_v a_o vigorous_a war_n against_o the_o turk_n 5._o to_o repair_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o artillery_n which_o be_v in_o a_o very_a bad_a condition_n 6._o to_o settle_v a_o sort_n of_o money_n that_o may_v be_v current_a all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n proceed_v from_o the_o diversity_n of_o coin_n 7._o and_o last_o that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n may_v be_v defer_v for_o some_o time_n nothing_o material_a be_v transact_v since_o that_o day_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n that_o there_o happen_v a_o violent_a dispute_n in_o the_o assembly_n whether_o the_o queen_n shall_v not_o be_v desire_v to_o remove_v out_o of_o warsaw_n for_o though_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o provincial_a diet_n have_v resolve_v not_o to_o suffer_v the_o royal_a family_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o general_a diet_n be_v to_o assemble_v and_o that_o prince_n james_n in_o compliance_n with_o their_o resolution_n have_v already_o leave_v that_o city_n yet_o the_o queen_n will_v not_o conform_v herself_o to_o their_o desire_n notwithstanding_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o cardinal_n the_o bishop_n of_o posnania_n and_o the_o palatine_a of_o plosko_fw-mi which_o put_v the_o diet_n in_o a_o great_a heat_n some_o take_v that_o pretence_n to_o leave_v the_o assembly_n at_o last_o her_o majesty_n be_v persuade_v to_o yield_v unto_o their_o desire_n and_o leave_v actual_o warsaw_n on_o the_o 18_o of_o september_n and_o go_v for_o dantzick_n this_o calm_v somewhat_o the_o diet_n but_o a_o dispute_n between_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n and_o the_o marcsehal_n of_o the_o deputy_n be_v like_a to_o break_v up_o the_o diet_n however_o it_o be_v agree_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o association_n which_o be_v draw_v up_o by_o a_o domestic_a of_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n and_o read_v by_o he_o to_o the_o state_n no_o body_n make_v any_o objection_n to_o the_o first_o article_n but_o when_o he_o come_v to_o mention_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n bid_v he_o stop_v and_o lay_v before_o the_o assembly_n in_o a_o very_a pathetic_a speech_n the_o injury_n and_o affront_v he_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n desire_v the_o cardinal_n regent_n that_o he_o may_v have_v satisfaction_n give_v he_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n make_v likewise_o great_a complaint_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o culm_n for_o have_v publish_a libel_n against_o he_o to_o blemish_v his_o reputation_n the_o cardinal_n answer_v they_o that_o as_o the_o spiritual_a state_n can_v not_o judge_v the_o temporal_a neither_o can_v the_o secular_a give_v law_n to_o the_o ecclesiastic_a and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o pope_n to_o punish_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o bishop_n which_o be_v agree_v to_o on_o both_o side_n this_o point_n be_v thus_o over_o the_o act_n of_o association_n be_v read_v on_o but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o point_n of_o reconciliation_n between_o those_o who_o be_v christian_n yet_o do_v not_o agree_v in_o some_o matter_n of_o religion_n one_o of_o the_o deputy_n make_v some_o exception_n and_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o thing_n shall_v remain_v as_o to_o that_o point_n as_o they_o have_v do_v during_o the_o interregnum_n of_o casimir_n and_o michael_n the_o dispute_n about_o fix_v the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n be_v more_o considerable_a many_o of_o the_o deputy_n insist_v that_o the_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o republic_n require_v a_o speedy_a choice_n but_o the_o other_o party_n be_v sway_v by_o a_o private_a interest_n be_v strong_a and_o upon_o a_o fair_a pretence_n the_o election_n be_v defer_v to_o the_o 15_o of_o may_n 1697_o and_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o the_o open_a field_n by_o all_o the_o nobility_n summon_v together_o as_o at_o the_o election_n of_o michael_n wieznowisky_n and_o that_o whoever_o shall_v propose_v a_o native_a of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o enemy_n of_o his_o country_n this_o be_v conclude_v and_o the_o act_n of_o association_n draw_v up_o the_o deputy_n meet_v again_o upon_o the_o first_o of_o october_n and_o some_o of_o they_o demand_v that_o the_o say_a act_n may_v be_v read_v again_o but_o this_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n say_v that_o a_o second_o read_n will_v only_o create_v new_a cavil_n and_o so_o sign_v it_o immediate_o with_o most_o of_o the_o deputy_n and_o the_o rest_n do_v the_o like_a afterward_o that_o association_n contain_v many_o article_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v the_o follow_v 1._o we_o will_v keep_v ourselves_o firm_o to_o the_o roman_a religion_n and_o will_v not_o elect_a any_o one_o for_o king_n who_o shall_v not_o make_v profession_n of_o the_o same_o religion_n 2._o we_o will_v prevent_v as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v all_o division_n and_o misunderstanding_n which_o may_v grow_v among_o the_o member_n of_o the_o republic_n nor_o will_v we_o enter_v into_o any_o secret_a practice_n against_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o election_n or_o which_o tend_v to_o the_o advance_v any_o one_o to_o the_o throne_n or_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o king_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v free_o elect_v by_o free_a voice_n and_o by_o unanimous_a consent_n and_o have_v the_o general_n approbation_n on_o the_o contrary_a we_o will_v look_v upon_o as_o enemy_n to_o this_o country_n all_o those_o who_o shall_v acknowledge_v for_o king_n any_o person_n who_o have_v not_o be_v choose_v after_o the_o say_a manner_n 3._o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n shall_v not_o proclaim_v any_o one_o for_o king_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o demand_v of_o the_o deputy_n three_o time_n one_o after_o another_o whether_o they_o be_v content_a with_o his_o election_n 4._o though_o there_o may_v be_v in_o the_o republic_n a_o person_n capable_a to_o wear_v the_o crown_n with_o honour_n nevertheless_o to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o the_o advancement_n of_o a_o native_a of_o poland_n to_o the_o throne_n the_o deputy_n of_o the_o lesser_a diet_n shall_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o instruction_n in_o reference_n
to_o this_o particular_a point_n that_o every_o native_a of_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v exclude_v from_o the_o crown_n therefore_o the_o state_n engage_v themselves_o by_o this_o association_n to_o look_v upon_o every_o native_a of_o this_o country_n who_o shall_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a enemy_n and_o likewise_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o king_n 5._o if_o any_o foreign_a potentate_n or_o grandee_n of_o poland_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o advance_v any_o one_o to_o the_o throne_n by_o foul_a or_o unlawful_a mean_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o their_o country_n the_o state_n shall_v unite_v themselves_o from_o this_o time_n forward_o against_o all_o such_o potentate_n and_o promise_v joint_o to_o venture_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o liberty_n 6._o we_o will_v preserve_v a_o inviolable_a peace_n with_o those_o who_o profess_v a_o religion_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o every_o one_o shall_v be_v maintain_v in_o their_o right_n and_o privilege_n except_o the_o quaker_n and_o mennonites_n 7._o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n be_v fix_v from_o the_o 15_o of_o may_n to_o the_o 26_o of_o june_n inclusive_o 8._o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n shall_v be_v remit_v to_o the_o diet_n for_o the_o election_n 9_o the_o usual_a place_n appoint_v for_o the_o election_n between_o warsaw_n and_o woba_n shall_v be_v fortify_v according_a to_o custom_n there_o shall_v be_v erect_v a_o building_n for_o the_o deputy_n and_o all_o requisite_a preparation_n take_v for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o person_n either_o go_v in_o or_o come_v out_o 10._o whereas_o the_o army_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n for_o want_v of_o pay_n and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o their_o association_n shall_v be_v break_v we_o not_o only_o promise_v they_o a_o speedy_a payment_n but_o authorize_v the_o particular_a diet_n to_o find_v out_o necessary_a fund_n for_o that_o purpose_n 11._o because_o the_o new_a regulation_n draw_v up_o for_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o artillery_n be_v not_o sufficient_a the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n shall_v supply_v what_o be_v want_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o establishment_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o 12._o the_o cardinal_n shall_v during_o his_o regency_n choose_v for_o his_o counsellor_n some_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n last_o deputy_n shall_v be_v choose_v to_o appoint_v good_a winter_n quarter_n to_o such_o of_o the_o soldier_n as_o shall_v give_v obedience_n to_o the_o crown_n general_n and_o to_o pay_v they_o what_o be_v their_o due_a to_o reckon_v with_o the_o army_n and_o regulate_v all_o affair_n which_o concern_v the_o salt-mine_n deputy_n be_v immediate_o send_v to_o the_o army_n to_o endeavour_v to_o break_v the_o union_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o count_n jablonowsky_n mareshal_n of_o the_o crown_n they_o offer_v to_o pay_v their_o arrear_n provide_v they_o will_v disunite_v themselves_o but_o they_o return_v answer_n that_o though_o they_o shall_v receive_v full_a satisfaction_n upon_o their_o demand_n they_o will_v not_o break_v off_o their_o confederacy_n before_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n whereupon_o the_o treaty_n break_v off_o and_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n retire_v to_o leopold_n where_o they_o make_v a_o solemn_a protestation_n against_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o army_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o primate_n be_v print_v and_o disperse_v into_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o let_v they_o see_v they_o have_v leave_v no_o stone_n unturned_a to_o bring_v the_o rebel_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o republic_n the_o cardinal_n hold_v a_o great_a council_n upon_o this_o subject_a where_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o quarter_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o any_o troop_n but_o those_o who_o remain_v faithful_a under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o crown_n general_n and_o then_o if_o the_o confederated_a troop_n offer_v to_o take_v up_o their_o quarter_n near_o leopold_n or_o elsewhere_o they_o shall_v be_v drive_v out_o by_o force_n this_o resolution_n do_v not_o discourage_v the_o confederated_a army_n they_o give_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o their_o new_a general_n baronowsky_n who_o cause_v a_o new_a standard_n to_o be_v make_v like_o that_o of_o the_o crown_n general_n have_v paint_v upon_o it_o two_o griffin_n hold_v two_o scimitter_n in_o their_o claw_n with_o these_o word_n pro_fw-la patria_fw-la under_o one_o of_o they_o and_o pro_fw-la exercitu_fw-la under_o the_o other_o the_o tartar_n be_v get_v together_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 30000_o man_n introduce_v a_o great_a convoy_n of_o provision_n into_o caminieck_n and_o have_v notice_n of_o the_o confusion_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n make_v a_o invasion_n into_o volhinia_n carry_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n into_o slavery_n but_o the_o confederate_a troop_n have_v pursue_v they_o charge_v they_o with_o so_o much_o vigour_n that_o they_o rout_v they_o and_o retake_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o booty_n and_o of_o the_o poor_a people_n design_v for_o captivity_n the_o lithuanian_n have_v confederate_v themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o pole_n and_o have_v refuse_v the_o same_o offer_n which_o exasperate_v prince_n sapieha_n their_o general_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o he_o undertake_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o duty_n by_o force_n but_o the_o confederate_n defend_v themselves_o with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o prince_n sapieha_n be_v force_v to_o return_v with_o considerable_a loss_n this_o disgrace_n put_v he_o upon_o negociation_n and_o have_v gain_v mounseur_fw-fr crispin_n vayvode_n of_o witepsc_n one_o of_o the_o chief_n of_o the_o army_n the_o rest_n follow_v his_o example_n and_o the_o lithuanian_a army_n return_v to_o their_o duty_n upon_o the_o follow_a condition_n 1._o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o perpetual_a amnesty_n for_o all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v to_o that_o very_a instant_n 2._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v forthwith_o pay_v they_o the_o one_o half_a of_o their_o arrear_n due_a from_o the_o republic_n out_o of_o his_o own_o revenue_n 3._o that_o the_o general_n shall_v promise_n upon_o his_o honour_n not_o to_o molest_v any_o one_o of_o the_o fraternity_n from_o the_o high_a officer_n to_o the_o mean_a soldier_n 4._o that_o on_o their_o side_n they_o shall_v engage_v by_o a_o authentic_a write_n immediate_o to_o quit_v the_o confederacy_n into_o which_o they_o be_v enter_v 5._o and_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o grand_a marshal_n and_o obey_v his_o order_n 6._o and_o last_o that_o for_o the_o future_a they_o shall_v never_o enter_v into_o any_o other_o confederacy_n this_o treaty_n be_v execute_v on_o the_o 27_o of_o november_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n make_v their_o submission_n to_o prince_n sapieha_n this_o reunion_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n weaken_v very_a much_o the_o confederated_a troop_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o hearken_v to_o some_o new_a term_n that_o be_v offer_v they_o sometime_o after_o and_o to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o their_o former_a general_n as_o it_o will_v be_v hereafter_o mention_v all_o the_o world_n be_v surprise_v at_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o few_o will_v have_v think_v that_o the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o their_o affair_n absolute_o require_v a_o king_n a_o private_a interest_n will_v have_v prevail_v so_o far_o upon_o they_o as_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o defer_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n to_o sobiesky_n till_o may_n next_o the_o pole_n may_v say_v what_o they_o please_v to_o justify_v this_o resolution_n all_o their_o reason_n be_v but_o a_o thin_a varnish_n over_o a_o private_a sordid_a interest_n which_o rule_v they_o for_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o this_o delay_n be_v only_o to_o give_v time_n to_o many_o prince_n to_o put_v in_o for_o their_o crown_n and_o make_v a_o interest_n with_o they_o to_o obtain_v it_o which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o squandr_v away_o among_o they_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n this_o consideration_n move_v sometime_o ago_o a_o grave_a senator_n to_o propose_v in_o the_o diet_n to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o cardinal_n who_o choose_v always_o a_o old_a pope_n and_o to_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o very_a eloquent_a speech_n the_o advantage_n that_o the_o nobility_n will_v receive_v from_o frequent_a election_n but_o he_o be_v answer_v that_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o politic_n for_o no_o old_a man_n will_v spend_v such_o sum_n of_o money_n he_o have_v speak_v of_o and_o therefore_o his_o project_n be_v impracticable_a the_o inconvenience_n of_o election_n and_o interregnum_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v likely_a the_o pole_n will_v have_v long_o ago_o make_v the_o crown_n hereditary_n in_o one_o family_n under_o a_o very_a limited_a power_n be_v it_o not_o
our_o tongue_n and_o all_o we_o have_v in_o the_o world_n our_o republic_n now_o your_o own_o who_o fame_n be_v so_o far_o spread_v venerate_v love_v your_o person_n with_o a_o entire_a affection_n and_o desire_v your_o presence_n as_o one_o who_o she_o have_v choose_v for_o her_o king_n or_o rather_o as_o one_o who_o god_n himself_o have_v choose_v and_o who_o we_o as_o frankly_n and_o free_o receive_v what_o we_o have_v do_v not_o in_o the_o dark_a but_o in_o the_o view_n of_o heaven_n this_o day_n we_o here_o confirm_v by_o these_o letter_n we_o invite_v your_o majesty_n after_o your_o have_v be_v proclaim_v not_o by_o tumultuous_a faction_n nor_o by_o the_o fury_n of_o inconsiderate_a rashness_n or_o that_o we_o have_v put_v our_o crown_n to_o sale_n but_o by_o the_o unbiased_a wish_n and_o desire_n of_o the_o people_n who_o invite_v your_o majesty_n with_o a_o profound_a sincerity_n of_o heart_n and_o at_o ardency_n of_o desire_n not_o to_o be_v express_v come_v then_o bless_a prince_n since_o god_n have_v so_o decree_v it_o since_o poland_n so_o earnest_o desire_v it_o since_o rome_n rejoice_v at_o it_o since_o germany_n approve_v the_o choice_n since_o europe_n applaud_v it_o since_o all_o the_o world_n the_o barbarian_n only_o except_v send_v up_o their_o loud_a acclamation_n to_o heaven_n in_o testimony_n of_o their_o content_n christendom_n be_v prepare_v for_o your_o majesty_n immortal_a renown_n asia_n her_o spoil_n and_o poland_n a_o crown_n environ_v with_o laurel_n may_v all_o your_o undertake_n prosper_v appear_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o we_o and_o reign_v over_o we_o and_o as_o for_o myself_o in_o particular_a how_o happy_a be_o i_o upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o my_o country_n and_o at_o the_o head_n of_o this_o noble_a embassy_n to_o give_v your_o majesty_n the_o same_o suffrage_n which_o i_o have_v give_v you_o before_o in_o the_o field_n of_o mars_n how_o happy_a be_o i_o to_o have_v be_v choose_v to_o bring_v you_o the_o tiding_n of_o your_o be_v proclaim_v it_o be_v so_o great_a a_o honour_n for_o a_o noble_a polonian_a that_o he_o can_v not_o wish_v a_o great_a now_o then_o after_o we_o have_v thus_o congratulate_v your_o majesty_n we_o will_v return_v and_o spread_v the_o report_n of_o your_o fame_n among_o our_o brethren_n we_o will_v bless_v ourselves_o for_o what_o we_o have_v see_v we_o will_v publish_v what_o you_o be_v and_o how_o great_a our_o hope_n in_o so_o illustrious_a a_o prince_n last_o we_o will_v declare_v your_o glory_n among_o the_o nation_n and_o all_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o your_o majesty_n this_o speech_n be_v full_a of_o very_o high_a compliment_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v a_o prince_n endow_v with_o several_a good_a qualification_n yet_o i_o dare_v say_v all_o the_o accomplishment_n attribute_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o polish_v ambassador_n do_v very_o seldom_o meet_v together_o in_o a_o prince_n so_o young_a as_o his_o electoral_a highness_n therefore_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v that_o the_o pole_n think_v fit_a to_o make_v use_n of_o these_o insinuate_a flattery_n to_o inform_v their_o new_a prince_n what_o sort_n of_o king_n they_o desire_v what_o sort_n a_o prince_n they_o expect_v he_o shall_v be_v and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o can_v wish_v he_o will_v deport_v himself_o among_o they_o if_o this_o be_v their_o meaning_n i_o must_v excuse_v their_o flatery_a and_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v the_o best_a use_n that_o can_v be_v make_v of_o it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o party_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n concert_v measure_n how_o to_o support_v their_o election_n and_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n send_v a_o letter_n to_o the_o elector_n to_o compliment_v he_o out_o of_o the_o throne_n but_o the_o letter_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n without_o mention_v king_n elect_a of_o poland_n it_o be_v send_v back_o without_o be_v open_v the_o design_n of_o that_o letter_n be_v to_o represent_v to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n have_v be_v unanimous_o choose_v by_o the_o nobility_n whereas_o his_o election_n be_v only_o support_v by_o some_o few_o man_n and_o therefore_o they_o hope_v from_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o electoral_a highness_n that_o he_o will_v not_o trouble_v their_o free_a election_n they_o protest_v to_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n for_o his_o heroical_a virtue_n but_o that_o it_o be_v never_o their_o intention_n to_o burden_v his_o serenity_n with_o the_o public_a government_n of_o their_o kingdom_n whilst_o he_o be_v so_o glorious_o employ_v against_o the_o common_a enemy_n this_o artifice_n have_v not_o succeed_v as_o they_o expect_v they_o make_v a_o protestation_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o july_n against_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o the_o party_n of_o saxony_n but_o by_o name_n against_o stanislaus_n jablonousky_n castelan_n and_o felix_n potosky_n polatine_n of_o cracavia_n grand_a general_n and_o inferior_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n joseph_n sluska_n castellan_n of_o vilna_n inferior_n general_n of_o lithuania_n stamstaus_n dabsky_n bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o several_a other_o who_o they_o charge_v with_o a_o design_n to_o overturn_v the_o state_n which_o as_o they_o say_v appear_v by_o their_o open_o protect_v the_o promoter_n of_o the_o confederacy_n of_o the_o army_n their_o delay_v the_o choice_n of_o a_o marshal_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o last_o by_o elect_v against_o the_o law_n observe_v in_o election_n a_o lutheran_n for_o king_n notwithstanding_o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n have_v be_v lawful_o and_o free_o elect_v and_o proclaim_v by_o the_o primate_n they_o protest_v also_o against_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o they_o presume_v to_o draw_v up_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v swear_v to_o by_o a_o calvinist_n ambassador_n the_o sacrament_n be_v clandestin_o expose_v this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o their_o protestation_n but_o though_o they_o be_v so_o positive_a in_o their_o accusation_n the_o other_o party_n as_o we_o have_v see_v pretend_v to_o have_v do_v nothing_o against_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a charge_n the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n with_o irregular_a proceed_n which_o after_o all_o be_v certain_o true_a the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n go_v the_o 26_o of_o july_n from_o tarnowit_n to_o picari_fw-la where_o he_o go_v to_o church_n with_o the_o ambassador_n be_v receive_v and_o complimented_a at_o the_o church_n door_n by_o monsieur_n crispin_n bishop_n of_o samogitia_n and_o brother_n to_o the_o lithuanian_a ambassador_n who_o carry_v the_o king_n elect_v to_o the_o place_n that_o be_v prepare_v for_o he_o near_o the_o altar_n there_o the_o king_n make_v a_o new_a profession_n of_o faith_n and_o receive_v the_o communion_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o bishop_n after_o the_o mass_n he_o swear_v to_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la and_o then_o te_fw-la deum_n be_v sing_v which_o be_v attend_v with_o the_o loud_a acclamation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o other_o demonstration_n of_o joy_n the_o next_o day_n his_o majesty_n treat_v the_o polish_v ambassador_n the_o bishop_n of_o passau_n and_o several_a other_o lord_n in_o a_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n where_o he_o make_v the_o follow_a speech_n to_o the_o nobility_n assemble_v to_o congratulate_v he_o my_o dear_a and_o good_a friend_n you_o have_v choose_v i_o to_o be_v your_o king_n you_o be_v come_v to_o offer_v i_o the_o crown_n and_o you_o have_v bring_v i_o hither_o i_o be_o come_v and_o have_v quit_v my_o territory_n and_o my_o country_n for_o your_o sake_n not_o to_o be_v a_o burden_n to_o you_o but_o to_o bring_v abundance_n along_o with_o i_o my_o wealth_n my_o force_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o i_o to_o augment_v as_o much_o as_o in_o i_o lie_v the_o glory_n and_o honour_n of_o your_o nation_n by_o fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o 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fire_v of_o the_o artillery_n of_o the_o place_n and_o with_o three_o salvo_n of_o all_o the_o saxon_a force_n encamp_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o cracow_n the_o next_o day_n his_o majesty_n be_v clothe_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n go_v in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n and_o be_v set_a upon_o a_o throne_n erect_v before_o the_o house_n the_o magistrate_n come_v to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n of_o their_o town_n in_o a_o silver_n dish_n the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o king_n name_n assure_v they_o of_o his_o maiesty_n clemency_n and_o affection_n and_o read_v with_o a_o audible_a voice_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o they_o take_v kneel_v after_o which_o they_o present_v according_a to_o custom_n a_o purse_n full_a of_o ducat_n to_o his_o majesty_n who_o be_v please_v to_o confer_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o some_o of_o they_o all_o the_o people_n be_v about_o the_o throne_n a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v the_o office_n of_o treasurer_n scatter_v some_o money_n among_o they_o which_o liberality_n be_v proclaim_v by_o great_a acclamation_n of_o joy_n and_o long_o live_v friderick_n augustus_n our_o king_n the_o diet_n which_o be_v call_v some_o time_n before_o meet_v at_o cracow_n according_a to_o custom_n and_o at_o their_o first_o meeting_n some_o of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o french_a faction_n make_v some_o reflection_n on_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o senator_n who_o have_v advisd_v the_o hasten_v of_o the_o king_n coronation_n which_o as_o they_o say_v aught_o to_o have_v be_v defer_v till_o the_o great_a dispute_n concern_v the_o crown_n be_v accommodate_v to_o which_o they_o say_v the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n be_v incline_v but_o they_o be_v silence_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o will_v not_o hear_v such_o discourse_n the_o contest_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o marshal_n go_v so_o far_o that_o the_o sabres_fw-es be_v draw_v but_o at_o last_o the_o matter_n be_v compose_v and_o the_o starost_n minsky_n of_o lithuania_n be_v choose_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o september_n and_o so_o the_o diet_n go_v on_o upon_o public_a business_n some_o day_n after_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n hold_v a_o great_a council_n of_o war_n wherein_o it_o be_v resolve_v to_o send_v a_o detachment_n of_o his_o force_n towards_o dantzick_n to_o prevent_v the_o prince_n of_o conty_n land_v and_o another_o to_o warsaw_n to_o secure_v the_o place_n and_o disperse_v the_o rebel_n which_o be_v according_o do_v the_o king_n in_o end_v to_o repair_v in_o few_o way_n to_o warsaw_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n but_o the_o primate_n have_v receive_v advice_n of_o his_o majesty_n coronation_n and_o of_o his_o design_n to_o march_v to_o warsaw_n cause_v the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n with_o all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v embark_v on_o the_o vistula_n for_o jarreslow_v design_v to_o retire_v himself_o with_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o party_n to_o lowitz_n a_o strong_a place_n in_o a_o morass_n belong_v to_o his_o eminence_n which_o he_o do_v few_o day_n after_o the_o whole_a party_n be_v much_o surprise_v at_o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n coronation_n for_o they_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o saxon_n will_v have_v proceed_v to_o it_o because_o of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v mention_v however_o they_o be_v not_o dishearten_v and_o they_o summon_v the_o nobility_n of_o upper_a poland_n to_o meet_v at_o lenovi_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o castellan_n of_o calish_n in_o the_o low_a poland_n at_o zawickhorst_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o palatine_a of_o beâ—z_n but_o the_o rendezvous_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o prince_n sapieha_n who_o be_v to_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n till_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o be_v daily_o expect_v that_o prince_n set_v out_o form_n dunkirk_n the_o 6_o of_o 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think_v to_o have_v have_v their_o rendezvous_n in_o that_o place_n they_o have_v also_o buy_v several_a piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o ammunition_n but_o the_o magistrate_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o and_o forbid_v the_o inhabitant_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o sell_v any_o arm_n or_o ammunition_n to_o stranger_n the_o primate_n come_v incognito_o to_o confer_v with_o his_o highness_n with_o five_o or_o six_o other_o gentleman_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n think_v fit_a to_o send_v circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o to_o notify_v his_o coronation_n as_o to_o answer_v some_o calumny_n raise_v by_o his_o enemy_n the_o substance_n of_o those_o letter_n be_v that_o his_o majesty_n be_v by_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n elect_v and_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o be_v concern_v to_o find_v there_o shall_v be_v any_o person_n so_o much_o enemy_n of_o their_o country_n as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n that_o he_o understand_v they_o complain_v of_o his_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o bring_v force_n into_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o therein_o but_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o the_o troop_n he_o have_v with_o he_o be_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o person_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o unreasonable_a opposition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n he_o have_v use_v all_o endeavour_n to_o gain_v they_o by_o fair_a mean_n but_o the_o same_o not_o have_v have_v the_o effect_n he_o hope_v for_o his_o majesty_n place_n his_o confidence_n in_o the_o protection_n of_o almighty_n god_n and_o do_v not_o doubt_n but_o they_o who_o choose_v he_o king_n will_v be_v careful_a to_o maintain_v their_o own_o honour_n and_o liberty_n immediate_o after_o the_o coronation_n the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v send_v to_o the_o army_n who_o have_v receive_v the_o arrear_n due_a to_o they_o declare_v they_o be_v ready_a to_o obey_v his_o majesty_n order_n the_o primate_n have_v send_v some_o deputy_n to_o engage_v they_o to_o come_v over_o to_o his_o party_n but_o he_o have_v be_v inform_v at_o lemberg_fw-mi of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o troop_n they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o venture_v to_o go_v to_o the_o camp_n for_o fear_v the_o general_n shall_v proceed_v against_o they_o as_o public_a enemy_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n 1697._o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n one_o may_v reasonable_o believe_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n will_v find_v himself_o disappoint_v his_o competitor_n have_v many_o great_a advantage_n over_o he_o for_o although_o one_o will_v suppose_v which_o be_v certain_o false_a that_o their_o party_n in_o the_o republic_n be_v equal_a yet_o the_o elector_n territory_n border_v upon_o poland_n and_o all_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n as_o sweden_n moscovy_n the_o emperor_n brandenburg_n etc._n etc._n have_v declare_v for_o he_o his_o party_n must_v needs_o prevail_v upon_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o rely_v upon_o but_o the_o supply_n from_o france_n which_o will_v be_v very_o uncertain_a consider_v the_o distance_n from_o france_n to_o poland_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o reader_n do_v perhaps_o expect_v that_o we_o shall_v inquire_v which_o of_o the_o two_o election_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o polish_v law_n or_o whether_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o which_o be_v neither_o improbable_a nor_o impossible_a but_o this_o inquity_n will_v
be_v useless_a for_o as_o thing_n be_v now_o dispose_v there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n that_o this_o affair_n will_v be_v decide_v by_o the_o law_n of_o equity_n however_o we_o may_v venture_v to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o irregularity_n in_o both_o election_n but_o much_o more_o in_o that_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o that_o the_o irregular_a proceed_n in_o the_o other_o be_v chief_o occasion_v by_o the_o partiality_n of_o the_o primate_n the_o french_a party_n exclaim_v very_o much_o against_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n for_o have_v proclaim_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n but_o whatever_o they_o may_v say_v this_o prelate_n be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o to_o that_o point_n it_o be_v true_a it_o belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n to_o proclaim_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o the_o election_n be_v unanimous_a for_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o primate_n alone_o to_o proclaim_v a_o king_n the_o election_n will_v never_o be_v free_a and_o he_o may_v at_o that_o rate_n proclaim_v who_o he_o shall_v please_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o forego_n account_n that_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v the_o majority_n of_o voice_n on_o his_o side_n and_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o justify_v their_o proceed_n see_v the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n ought_v to_o have_v submit_v money_n be_v the_o only_a soul_n that_o enlivens_fw-la the_o affair_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v more_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o inquire_v which_o of_o the_o two_o competitor_n can_v spare_v most_o money_n for_o let_v their_o right_n be_v what_o it_o will_v the_o first_o who_o want_v money_n will_v be_v in_o the_o wrong_n and_o lose_v the_o crown_n but_o the_o case_n be_v now_o different_a the_o elector_n be_v crown_v and_o have_v a_o good_a army_n of_o his_o own_o and_o needs_o not_o to_o rely_v entire_o on_o the_o fidelity_n of_o his_o party_n that_o prince_n be_v certain_o very_o rich_a but_o yet_o his_o purse_n bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o that_o of_o the_o french_a king_n who_o have_v already_o spend_v so_o much_o will_v neglect_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o set_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n upon_o the_o throne_n the_o winter_n draw_v nigh_o the_o baltic_a sea_n will_v be_v unnavigable_a and_o likely_a none_o of_o the_o german_a prince_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v to_o march_v a_o army_n into_o poland_n through_o their_o territory_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n have_v nothing_o to_o rely_v upon_o but_o his_o party_n which_o be_v very_o precarious_a for_o after_o all_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o pole_n will_v open_v their_o eye_n and_o consider_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o fear_v from_o france_n whereas_o they_o must_v expect_v a_o continual_a war_n with_o germany_n if_o this_o present_a king_n receive_v any_o disgrace_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v into_o his_o own_o country_n insomuch_o that_o although_o they_o shall_v beat_v he_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o controversy_n will_v not_o be_v at_o a_o end_n for_o his_o dominion_n border_v upon_o poland_n he_o may_v invade_v they_o at_o any_o time_n these_o reason_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o one_o will_v think_v they_o shall_v have_v already_o prevail_v upon_o the_o pole_n but_o their_o mercenary_a nobility_n be_v influence_v only_o by_o gold_n and_o do_v not_o care_n for_o the_o public_a good_a so_o long_o as_o they_o find_v their_o private_a interest_n in_o intestine_a division_n the_o court_n of_o rome_n who_o have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n keep_v now_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n but_o those_o refine_v politician_n will_v soon_o declare_v for_o one_o of_o the_o competitor_n and_o doubtless_o for_o the_o present_a king_n because_o of_o the_o great_a advantage_n they_o expect_v from_o the_o conversion_n of_o that_o prince_n to_o their_o religion_n which_o certain_o weaken_v much_o the_o protestant_n interest_n in_o germany_n the_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n in_o the_o road_n of_o dantzick_n without_o offer_v to_o go_v on_o shoar_n be_v a_o ill_a omen_n for_o his_o affair_n and_o see_v his_o party_n have_v resolve_v to_o give_v he_o only_o the_o title_n of_o protector_n of_o the_o religion_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o he_o will_v accept_v of_o it_o it_o be_v a_o tacit_fw-la confession_n that_o his_o election_n be_v illegal_a but_o if_o he_o do_v not_o scruple_n to_o take_v it_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o he_o will_v make_v himself_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o protector_n as_o oliver_n cromwell_n be_v and_o perhaps_o the_o historian_n of_o this_o age_n will_v say_v of_o he_o in_o case_n he_o succeed_v what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o successor_n of_o julius_n caesar_n augustus_n arma_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o antonium_n acceperat_fw-la in_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la vertit_fw-la and_o real_o i_o will_v not_o blame_v he_o for_o it_o for_o he_o must_v needs_o spend_v as_o much_o money_n as_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v worth_a and_o perhaps_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o but_o i_o must_v give_v over_o conjecture_n time_n will_v soon_o bring_v this_o great_a controversy_n to_o a_o end_n the_o reader_n must_v not_o expect_v here_o a_o character_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n this_o undertake_n be_v above_o my_o reach_n therefore_o i_o must_v break_v off_o my_o discourse_n after_o have_v observe_v that_o he_o be_v bear_v may_v 12_o 1670._o second_o son_n to_o john_n george_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o of_o anne_n sophia_n sister_n of_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n he_o have_v make_v several_a campaign_n on_o the_o rhine_n and_o flanders_n and_o after_o his_o brother_n death_n he_o command_v in_o chief_a the_o imperial_a army_n in_o hungary_n in_o the_o year_n 1695._o and_o 1696._o and_o have_v show_v on_o all_o occasion_n a_o extraordinary_a bravery_n he_o marry_v before_o he_o be_v elector_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o markgrave_n of_o bareith_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n his_o majesty_n be_v of_o a_o very_a strong_a constitution_n and_o perhaps_o the_o strong_a man_n alive_a finis_fw-la