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country_n king_n pay_v tribute_n 1,677 5 10.1706 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A35240 The natural history of the principality of Wales in three parts ... together with the natural and artificial rarities and wonders in the several counties of that principality / by R.B. R. B., 1632?-1725? 1695 (1695) Wing C7339; ESTC R23794 124,814 195

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than_o as_o a_o captive_a to_o be_v gaze_v upon_o neither_o will_v you_o have_v disdain_v to_o have_v accept_v the_o term_n of_o peace_n that_o i_o shall_v have_v offer_v be_v a_o man_n of_o royal_a descent_n and_o a_o commander_n of_o many_o warlike_a nation_n but_o though_o the_o cloud_n have_v darken_v my_o present_a fortune_n yet_o have_v the_o heaven_n and_o nature_n bestow_v that_o upon_o i_o in_o birth_n and_o mind_n which_o none_o can_v vanquish_v or_o deprive_v i_o of_o i_o plain_o perceive_v that_o you_o make_v other_o man_n misery_n the_o subject_n and_o matter_n of_o your_o triumph_n and_o in_o this_o my_o calamity_n as_o in_o a_o mirror_n you_o now_o contemplate_v your_o own_o glory_n yet_o remember_v that_o i_o be_v a_o prince_n furnish_v with_o strength_n of_o man_n and_o habiliment_n of_o war_n and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o such_o wonder_n i_o be_o now_o deprive_v of_o they_o all_o since_o daily_a experience_n show_v that_o the_o event_n of_o war_n be_v uncertain_a and_o 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it_o who_o there_o fall_v in_o love_n with_o rowena_n the_o daughter_n or_o niece_n of_o hengist_n upon_o which_o match_n hengist_n grow_v more_o bold_a contrive_v to_o make_v the_o island_n his_o inheritance_n and_o thereupon_o send_v for_o fresh_a force_n who_o at_o their_o arrival_n cause_v several_a quarrel_n among_o the_o native_n dispossess_v the_o people_n of_o their_o estate_n every_o commander_n reckon_v that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n his_o own_o where_o they_o can_v over-match_n the_o britain_n where_o they_o command_v as_o absolute_o as_o prince_n whereby_o the_o country_n be_v burden_v with_o seven_o king_n at_o once_o each_o of_o they_o have_v sovereign_a command_n within_o his_o own_o limit_n though_o still_o one_o seem_v to_o be_v supreme_a over_o all_o the_o rest_n this_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o saxon_n heptarchy_n or_o seven_o kingdom_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v that_o of_o kent_n only_o govern_v by_o hengist_n and_o his_o successor_n for_o three_o 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hundred_o and_o two_o year_n 7._o the_o last_o kingdom_n be_v that_o of_o the_o east-angle_n contain_v the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n which_o last_v three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o three_o year_n yet_o during_o the_o time_n of_o this_o heptarchy_n many_o of_o the_o british_a prince_n valiant_o defend_v their_o lawful_a inheritance_n and_o with_o great_a courage_n endeavour_v to_o prevent_v the_o saxon_a yoke_n from_o be_v impose_v upon_o their_o neck_n among_o who_o be_v vortimer_n the_o son_n of_o vortigern_n aforemention_v for_o vortigern_n after_o sixteen_o year_n reign_n depose_v from_o the_o government_n for_o his_o kindness_n to_o the_o saxon_n his_o son_n vortimer_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o present_o engage_v against_o the_o saxon_n gain_v so_o much_o in_o four_o famous_a victory_n over_o they_o that_o they_o be_v almost_o extirpate_v he_o erect_v a_o monument_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o thenta_n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o saxon_n be_v overthrow_v which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v the_o stowers_n wherein_o he_o command_v his_o body_n to_o be_v bury_v that_o the_o saxon_n may_v be_v terrify_v with_o the_o sight_n thereof_o he_o restore_v the_o christian_a religion_n then_o much_o decay_v and_o rebuilt_a the_o church_n destroy_v by_o the_o pagan_a saxon_n rowena_n procure_v his_o death_n by_o poison_n after_o which_o his_o father_n vorfigern_n be_v reestablish_v in_o the_o government_n but_o be_v oppress_v by_o the_o saxon_n and_o pursue_v by_o aurelius_n he_o flee_v into_o wales_n where_o in_o a_o castle_n which_o he_o build_v by_o merlin_n direction_n in_o the_o mountain_n he_o with_o his_o daughter_n who_o he_o have_v take_v to_o wife_n be_v burn_v to_o ash_n aurelius_n ambrotius_n be_v likewise_o very_o successful_a against_o the_o saxon_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v stonehenge_n near_o salisbury_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o massacre_n of_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o british_a nobility_n who_o be_v there_o slay_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o saxon_n uter_n pendragon_n who_o succeed_v he_o be_v no_o less_o fortunate_a he_o be_v name_v pendragon_n either_o because_o at_o his_o birth_n there_o appear_v a_o fiery_a comet_n like_o a_o dragon_n head_n or_o from_o his_o royal_a banner_n wherein_o be_v the_o picture_n of_o a_o dragon_n with_o a_o golden_a head_n he_o die_v of_o poison_n put_v into_o a_o well_o wherein_o he_o use_v to_o drink_v arthur_n his_o son_n and_o successor_n win_v twelve_o battle_n against_o the_o saxon_n and_o chase_v colgern_n their_o captain_n from_o his_o camp_n in_o northumberland_n to_o york_n from_o whence_o he_o escape_v into_o germany_n the_o relic_n of_o arthur_n round_a table_n be_v to_o this_o time_n show_v in_o winchester_n with_o the_o twenty_o four_o seat_n after_o he_o reign_v constantine_n aurelius_n conantus_n vortiporus_n malgo_n canonus_fw-la and_o careticus_fw-la this_o last_o king_n raise_v a_o civil_a war_n among_o his_o own_o subject_n the_o britain_n which_o make_v they_o forsake_v he_o and_o leave_v he_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o saxon_n who_o pursue_v he_o he_o flee_v to_o cirencester_n in_o berkshire_n for_o safety_n but_o his_o enemy_n take_v several_a sparrow_n fasten_v fire_n to_o their_o foot_n and_o let_v they_o fly_v into_o the_o city_n who_o light_v upon_o straw_n and_o thatch_a house_n burn_v the_o city_n to_o the_o ground_n but_o careticus_fw-la escape_v and_o flee_v for_o security_n to_o the_o mountain_n of_o wales_n where_o he_o die_v after_o twenty_o four_o year_n civil_a dissension_n cadwan_n be_v make_v king_n during_o these_o trouble_n austin_n the_o monk_n who_o be_v send_v hither_o by_o pope_n gregory_n to_o convert_v the_o britain_n carry_v himself_n very_o insolent_o at_o a_o meeting_n with_o the_o british_a bishop_n at_o a_o place_n thence_o name_v augustine_n oak_n in_o worcestershire_n they_o can_v come_v to_o no_o agreement_n whereupon_o it_o be_v think_v austin_n contrive_v this_o cruel_a revenge_n cadwallo_n be_v victorious_a over_o the_o saxon_n slay_v edwin_n king_n of_o northumberland_n and_o his_o son_n osfride_n in_o a_o bloody_a battle_n he_o die_v in_o peace_n say_v the_o british_a writer_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o st._n martin_n church_n in_o london_n his_o statue_n on_o horseback_n in_o brass_n be_v set_v upon_o ludgate_n for_o a_o terror_n to_o the_o saxon_n cadwalloder_n the_o son_n of_o cadwallo_n fight_v manful_o against_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o distraction_n among_o his_o nobility_n much_o hinder_v his_o proceed_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o dreadful_a famine_n in_o his_o reigh_n so_o that_o the_o common_a people_n reckon_v root_n and_o herb_n to_o be_v dainty_a food_n this_o be_v follow_v by_o a_o woeful_a mortality_n which_o be_v so_o rage_v and_o sudden_a that_o great_a number_n of_o people_n be_v surprise_v by_o death_n while_o they_o be_v eat_v drink_v walk_v and_o speak_v these_o calamity_n last_v near_o eleven_o year_n so_o that_o the_o country_n be_v almost_o depopulate_v the_o king_n and_o his_o british_a peer_n be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o land_n who_o go_v to_o his_o cousin_n alan_n king_n of_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n the_o saxon_n take_v advantage_n of_o these_o severe_a misery_n lamentable_o oppress_v the_o wretched_a britain_n to_o who_o aid_n cadwallader_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o cousin_n alan_n do_v once_o design_n to_o return_v but_o be_v divert_v by_o a_o dream_n which_o he_o have_v he_o go_v on_o pilgrimage_n to_o rome_n and_o according_a to_o the_o superstition_n of_o that_o age_n he_o there_o turn_v monk_n where_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v with_o who_o die_v all_o the_o hope_n of_o the_o britain_n he_o be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o british_a blood_n whereby_o the_o saxon_n become_v sovereign_a lord_n and_o master_n of_o this_o island_n and_o thus_o be_v this_o unhappy_a country_n a_o second_o time_n conquer_v by_o stranger_n which_o happen_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 689._o the_o britain_n be_v thus_o out_v of_o their_o country_n by_o the_o conquer_a saxon_n retire_v beyond_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o therein_o fortify_v themselves_o which_o country_n thereupon_o come_v to_o be_v call_v wales_n and_o the_o people_n walsh_n or_o welshman_n not_o that_o the_o word_n walsh_n signify_v in_o the_o saxon_a language_n a_o foreigner_n or_o alien_n for_o how_o can_v they_o be_v call_v alien_n in_o their_o native_a country_n but_o wales_n and_o walish_n from_o gall_n or_o gallish_a by_o change_v g_o into_o w_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o saxon_n the_o britain_n be_v descend_v of_o the_o gaul_n keep_v their_o own_o name_n still_o though_o somewhat_o alter_v in_o the_o letter_n as_o be_v say_v before_o and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o french_a call_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n by_o the_o name_n of_o le_fw-fr prince_n le_fw-fr gall_n at_o first_o their_o chief_n be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o wales_n and_o
be_v these_o that_o follow_v 1._o idwallo_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 688._o call_v iror_n the_o son_n of_o alan_n 2._o roderick_n 3._o conan_n 4._o mervyn_n 5._o roderick_n surname_v the_o great_a who_o leave_v wales_n between_o his_o three_o son_n allot_v unto_o each_o his_o part_n the_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o north-wales_n south-wales_n and_o powys-land_n which_o have_v their_o several_a lord_n and_o prince_n north-wales_n fall_v to_o the_o share_n of_o amarawd_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderick_n mawr_z or_o the_o great_a the_o last_o king_n thereof_o with_o a_o superiority_n of_o power_n over_o both_o the_o rest_n who_o be_v but_o homager_n to_o this_o it_o contain_v the_o county_n of_o merion_v part_n of_o denbigh_n flint_n carnarvan_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v the_o more_o mountainous_a part_n and_o of_o difficult_a access_n consequent_o preserve_v their_o liberty_n long_o and_o do_v still_o keep_v their_o language_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a aberfraw_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n be_v the_o prince_n palace_n who_o be_v thence_o sometimer_n call_v king_n of_o aberfraw_n south-wales_n in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o country_n fall_v to_o cadel_n the_o second_o son_n comprehend_v the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n pembroke_n carmarthen_n cardigan_n and_o part_n of_o brecknock_n which_o though_o the_o rich●●_n and_o most_o fruitful_a part_n of_o wales_n yet_o pembrok●_n and_o brecknock_n have_v their_o several_a king_n there_o remain_v only_a cardigan_n and_o carmarthen_n under_o the_o immediate_a subjection_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o south-wales_n who_o principal_a seat_n be_v at_o dynefar_n or_o dynevor_n castle_n not_o far_o from_o carmarthen_n who_o thence_o be_v call_v by_o their_o subject_n the_o king_n of_o dynevor_n powys-land_n be_v bestow_v by_o roderick_n upon_o his_o young_a son_n mervyn_n contain_v the_o county_n of_o montgomery_n and_o radnor_n with_o part_n of_o denbigh_n brecknock_n merion_v and_o shropshire_n his_o chief_a palace_n be_v matraval_n in_o montgomeryshire_n from_o whence_o the_o prince_n thereof_o be_v so_o call_v this_o country_n continue_v in_o the_o line_n of_o mervyn_n a_o long_a time_n together_o but_o much_o afflict_a and_o dismember_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o cast_v a_o greedy_a eye_n upon_o it_o the_o last_o that_o hold_v it_o entire_a be_v meredith_n who_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o two_o son_n madoc_n and_o griffith_n of_o which_o madock_n die_v at_o winchester_n in_o 1160._o and_o griffith_n be_v by_o king_n henry_n i._o create_v lord_n powy_n the_o residue_n of_o powys-land_n which_o pertain_v to_o madock_n depend_v still_o upon_o the_o fortune_n of_o north-wales_n in_o these_o several_a division_n be_v different_a king_n and_o prince_n who_o long_o struggle_v with_o the_o saxon_n for_o their_o liberty_n but_o because_o we_o find_v very_o little_a mention_n of_o their_o action_n in_o our_o chronicle_n i_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o history_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n and_o afterward_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o action_n of_o some_o of_o the_o welsh_a king_n and_o prince_n till_o that_o principality_n be_v whole_o subdue_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o saxon_n according_a to_o the_o common_a fate_n of_o conqueror_n after_o they_o have_v subdue_v their_o enemy_n disagree_v among_o themselves_o and_o several_a of_o their_o prince_n encroach_v upon_o the_o territory_n of_o each_o other_o and_o so_o become_v petty_a monarch_n of_o some_o part_n of_o britain_n these_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v ●ourteen_o in_o number_n till_o at_o last_o egbert_n the_o eighteen_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n get_v command_n over_o all_o the_o seven_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o so_o become_v sole_a monarch_n of_o england_n which_o none_o of_o his_o predecessor_n before_o ever_o obtain_v he_o have_v war_n fourteen_o year_n with_o the_o cornish_a and_o welsh_a and_o take_v west-ch_a their_o chief_a hold_n from_o they_o make_v a_o strict_a law_n against_o any_o welcoman_n that_o shall_v pass_v over_o offa_n dike_n or_o set_v one_o foot_n within_o his_o english_a dominion_n he_o slay_v bernulf_n king_n of_o mercis_fw-la in_o battle_n and_o drive_v the_o king_n of_o kent_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n the_o east_n angle_n and_o east_n saxon_n submit_v to_o he_o and_o likewise_o the_o south_n saxon_n whereupon_o he_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v absolute_a monarch_n at_o winchester_n and_o this_o monarchy_n continue_v in_o the_o saxon_n till_o the_o dane_n first_o get_v and_o then_o lose_v it_o again_o and_o the_o saxon_n issue_n fail_v upon_o their_o next_o entrance_n it_o than_o fall_v to_o the_o norman_n as_o by_o the_o sequel_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o egbert_n the_o dane_n with_o thirty_o three_o ship_n land_v in_o england_n to_o who_o he_o give_v battle_n but_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o the_o day_n lose_v two_o of_o his_o chief_a 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and_o to_o keep_v the_o welsh_a in_o obedience_n which_o project_n answer_v his_o expectation_n for_o say_v giraldus_n they_o be_v a_o colony_n of_o stout_a man_n enure_v to_o the_o war_n and_o likewise_o clothier_n and_o husbandman_n as_o time_n and_o place_n require_v and_o most_o loyal_o devote_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n whereby_o they_o keep_v the_o country_n in_o subjection_n for_o some_o time_n yet_o 1114._o griffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n make_v inroad_n upon_o the_o land_n of_o gilbert_n strangbow_n hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o other_o english_a gentleman_n and_o so_o incense_v the_o king_n by_o these_o outrage_n that_o in_o a_o rage_n he_o vow_v he_o will_v not_o leave_v one_o alive_a in_o north_n or_o south_n wales_n and_o go_v thither_o in_o person_n divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o part_n to_o catch_v if_o possible_a these_o nimble_a combatant_n who_o at_o his_o approach_n 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talaeth_n talaeth_n that_o be_v fine_a fine_a which_o be_v thus_o occasion_v when_o roderick_n divide_v wales_n betwixt_o his_o three_o son_n he_o order_v that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v wear_v upon_o his_o bonnet_n or_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n of_o gold_n set_v with_o jewel_n call_v in_o british_a talaeth_n and_o they_o from_o thence_o be_v name_v ytritrwysoc_n talaelteioc_n the_o three_o crown_a prince_n it_o be_v now_o apply_v to_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o head_n attire_n in_o child_n yea_o the_o english_a call_v the_o top_n of_o she_o cap_n or_o hat_n the_o crown_n they_o have_v a_o proverb_n but_o arthur_n and_o troth_n fu_o that_o be_v arthur_n be_v not_o but_o whilst_o he_o be_v it_o be_v honourable_a for_o old_a man_n if_o they_o can_v say_v we_o have_v be_v brave_a fellow_n they_o have_v another_o proverb_n ne_o thorre_v arthur_n nawd_v gwraig_a that_o be_v king_n arthur_z do_v never_o violate_v the_o
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that_o his_o patron_n be_v fall_n be_v his_o great_a guilt_n and_o encourage_v his_o enemy_n against_o he_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o q._n marry_o he_o be_v send_v for_o and_o examine_v about_o his_o faith_n by_o gardiner_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n who_o tell_v he_o that_o the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n have_v alter_v religion_n and_o therefore_o require_v he_o to_o embrace_v the_o same_o to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o he_o have_v take_v a_o oath_n never_o to_o consent_v or_o agree_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n shall_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n in_o this_o realm_n at_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n call_v he_o knave_n and_o forward_a fellow_n and_o so_o return_v he_o to_o prison_n again_o he_o be_v afterward_o examine_v before_o henry_n morgan_n pretend_v bishop_n of_o st._n david_n who_o require_v he_o to_o subscribe_v to_o several_a article_n he_o absolute_o refuse_v it_o or_o to_o recent_a any_o thing_n whereupon_o the_o sentence_n of_o degradation_n be_v 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the_o title_n of_o baron_n to_o henry_n lord_n herbert_n pembrokeshire_n be_v bound_v by_o carnarthen_n on_o the_o east_n and_o cardigan_n shire_n on_o the_o north-east_n on_o all_o side_n else_o it_o be_v surround_v by_o the_o sea_n in_o length_n 26._o in_o breadth_n 20._o and_o in_o circumference_n 93_o miles_n it_o be_v ancient_o people_v by_o the_o dimetree_n as_o well_o as_o cardigan_n and_o carmarthen-shire_n part_n of_o this_o county_n be_v after_o inhabit_v by_o the_o fleming_n send_v thither_o by_o king_n henry_n i._n who_o lose_v their_o country_n by_o the_o break_n in_o of_o the_o sea_n whereby_o a_o great_a part_n of_o flanders_n be_v drown_v and_o who_o posterity_n continue_v there_o to_o this_o day_n and_o speak_v so_o good_a english_a that_o their_o division_n be_v call_v little_a england_n beyond_o wales_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o shire_n be_v corn_n cattle_n sea-fish_n and_o fowl_n and_o in_o the_o day_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la they_o have_v wine_n for_o 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britain_n who_o courageous_o defend_v his_o country_n from_o the_o saxon_n 8._o charles_n the_o great_a k._n of_o france_n and_o emperor_n of_o germany_n 9_o godfrey_n of_o bullen_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n be_v a_o account_n of_o their_o glorious_a life_n worthy_a action_n renown_a victory_n and_o death_n illustrate_v with_o poem_n and_o the_o picture_n of_o each_o worthy_a by_o r._n b._n price_n one_o shilling_n 15._o female_a excellency_n or_o the_o lady_n glory_n illustrate_v in_o the_o worthy_a life_n and_o memorable_a action_n of_o nine_o famous_a woman_n renown_v either_o for_o virtue_n or_o valour_n in_o several_a age_n as_o 1._o deborah_n the_o prophetess_n 2._o the_o valiant_a judith_n 3._o q._n esther_n 4._o the_o virtuous_a susannah_n 5._o the_o chaste_a lucretia_n 6._o boadicia_n q._n of_o britain_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n with_o the_o original_a inhabitant_n of_o britain_n of_o danus_n and_o his_o fifty_o daughter_n who_o murder_v their_o husband_n in_o one_o 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to_o penitent_n with_o the_o die_a thought_n of_o several_a famous_a man_n concern_v a_o future_a state_n pr._n 1_o s._n 17._o unparalleled_a rarity_n or_o the_o mathchless_a action_n and_o