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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
country_n	horse_n	red_a	white_a	1,820	5	11.1643	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A49545	Plain and full instructions to raise all sorts of fruit-trees that prosper in England in that method and order, that everything must be done in, to give all the advantage, may be, to every tree as it is rising from its seed, till it come to its full growth : together with all necessary directions about those several ways of making plantations, either of wall-fruit, or dwarf-trees in gardens, or large standard-trees in orchards or fields : touching which last, because it's so vast in improvement of land, all the profitable and practical ways are here directed to with all exactness : and in the last place the best directions are given for making liquors of the several sorts of fruit / by T. Langford.	Langford, T.	1681 (1681)	Wing L388; ESTC R13964	68,292	176

are sitter for a wall than to be Planted of Standards the Winter will keep till May and is a very choice Pear The Bury de Roy Violet Dove Great-Musk Amadote Rousellet Messier-Jaen Great-Soveraign Blood Windsor Green-field Dionier Great-Burgamot Virgalous Pear Double-flower'd keeps till May not fit to eat till March These do well planted against a wall If you have not wall-room enough such as grow with small twigs or almost any graffed on Quince-stocks may be kept Dwarfs The Winter and Summer Burgamots may also make Dwarfs Meat Pears for Standard-trees in common Orchards are such as follow both for Summer and Winter Fruit. The Hill Primating White and Red Geneting Green-Chissel Pearl Soveraign Orange Katharine Anthony Sugar Pimp Berry Popering Deadmans Scarlet Prick Royal Nonsuch Kings Ladies-buttock Muscat Oak Virgin Ice Gascoin-Burgamot Winter Popering Little Dagobert Great Kair ville Long Burgamot Pear With divers others each Country affording variety The Slipper and the Lewis Pears are good to dry In Fields you may set Baking Pears and Perry-Pears For Baking The Norwich Black Worcester Quince-pear Bishops Arundel Bell Painted Pear Also Wardens of several sorts very good For Perry The Red and White Horse Pear There are also divers other wild or Choake Pears whereof the red-coloured yield the strongest liquors The Bosbery and Bare-land Pears are by much the best I have known or heard of and the Tree of the first of these two kinds groweth to that bigness that it will bear fruit to make one two or three Hogsheads of Perry in one year I could tell you several stories to set forth its excellence when it 's two or three years old The tree will prosper on almost any base Land Of Apples Sect. 9. Apples are seldom planted against a wall A man had best furnish himself with the choicest of these following for Table-fruit by making them Dwarfs in his Garden or larger Trees in a secure Orchard being tempting Fruit and some of them early ripe The Juniting Flax King Margaret or Magdalen Golden Russeting Spice Summer Queening Go no further Royal Golden Pippen Good-Huswife Giant Pomewater Summer Pearmain Bellaboon Apple There are also some of special account in their respective Countries The Stocken Apple in Herefordshire Darling in Cheshire Golden Rennating in Hartfordshire c. Angels-bit in Worcestershire Kirton Pippen in some part of Northamptonshire Harvy-Apple in Cambridgshire These next following are good Winter Apples or such as may be planted in Orchards The Winter-Pearmain Winter-Queening Quince-Apple Nonsuch John-Apple Leather-coat Winter-reed Golden Doucet Lones Pearmain Westbury Pome-Roy Lording hath little Core July-Flower Pear-Apple Apple The Flower of Kent Parsly Winter-Chesnut Maligar Red-fennel Short-tart Russeting Apple There are divers kinds of Pippens I have heard of eighteen several sorts those of them I know are so good I can scarcely tell which to prefer There are also several sorts of Renatings very choice good Apples 〈…〉 of Winter A●pl●s In Planting Winter-fruit the best course is to Plant several Trees of some few of the best kinds after you have found what sort prosper in your soil best for many sorts will be troublesome in the gathering and keeping them severally when you have done Long lasting and fair Apples will adorn your Table and yield most prosit Of Cyder-fruit For Cyder-fruit the Redstrake and Brombery-Crab have the general preheminence the last of which is not ready for grinding till almost Christmas The Gennet Moil was once accounted the best and still many Gentlemen that are Cyder-Masters prefer it and preserve it for their own drinking The white and red Must-Apples make a Cyder very good to be drunk about Christmas next following the season of making Cyder The Tree is of quick and large growth a good bearer and twelve or fourteen Bushel or Strikes of them will make a Hogshead of Cyder The Winter Queening is not commonly used for Cyder yet it yields a strong and vinous Liquor but so dry a fruit that near twenty four Bushels will go to make one Hogshead The fruit must not be ground till very late in the year The Golden Pippen is said to make an admirable and restaurative Cyder Pippens and Pearmains mixt are much used and Pippens alone make a strong and wholesome Liquor Of planting several kinds Some are apt to object That since one or two kinds of Fruit may be had very good for Cyder what occasion is there to Plant of so many sorts For answer They will find it advantageous to have several sorts of Fruit for Cyder if they consider 1. One sort of Fruit-trees may and do bear one year when another fails 2. Cyder made of some kinds will be ready to drink sooner than of others and thereby you may have it successively ready for your use The Must-Cyder may be clear a month after making The Gennet Moil a quarter of a year after The Redstrake near half a year after though it 's much improved by longer keeping 3. You may make your Cyder with more ease the Fruits you make it of ripening one after another 4. Though some Fruit yield not so good Cyder as others yet the Trees may be quicker of growth bear more plentifully and last longer than those that yield better And the Palates of men being various some like one sort and some another and so all may be pleased 5. Some Fruit-trees agree with the Soil and Climate better than others which you will not be able to know till you have made trial of several Of Quinces Sect. 10. Of Quinces there are some sorts though not many somewhat different from each other The Portugal-Apple and Pear-Quince are held to be the best and are the largest The Barbary Quince is good but smaller The Lions and Brunswick are also good Fruit. The English is the most stony Of Walnuts Sect. 11. There are several sorts of Walnuts some being larger others thinner shell'd than the common but differing so little one from another that Men have not much minded giving them names The largest sort is usually called the French Walnut Of Chesnuts The best Chesnuts among us are those that come from beyond Sea but of those that grow with us some are larger than others without any difference worth observation Of Filbeards There are two sorts of Filbeards distinguisht by the colour of the skin of their kernels the one being red and the other white There is another sort call'd the Filbeard of Constantinople the leaves and fruit of which are bigger than either of the former And there is besides these an excellent large plump Nut that hath a very good kernel the best of which have a very thin shell Of Figs. Sect. 12. Figs are a Fruit that agree with English Palates and Soils much alike there being few that affect them Among the several sorts of them there are two of chiefest note among us The great Blew Fig which is most common and the Dwarf blew Fig

the last Section and fix them together accordingly Bind it close and clay it If it grow at a years end cut off the top of the Stock at the graffed place slope-wise and clay it Some done thus grow well and I have used it successfully but suffer not the top of the Stock much to overgrow the Cyen the first year before it 's cut quite off There is another way of this kind I have known used and is easier done than the former that is to slit the bark of the Stock in the form of a great T and loosning it with the point of a Knife and then clapping in a Cyen prepared as hath been said before but without the slit for Lipping bind and clay it This can be used only when the Bark will part from the Stock In the Cleft Sect. 5. The next way is that which is called Graffing in the Cleft and is very ancient and still used by common-Planters and it 's thus performed Cut off the head of the Stock even and smooth cleave it with a strong Knife or Chissel hereafter described when I speak of Pruning big Trees let the slit run near two inches deep let it be as near the middle of the Stock as you can but not in the pith or heart have in readiness a stick of hard Wood near a foot long at one end made like a wedg when you have taken out the Cleaver put the wedg into the slit and open it so wide as to put in the Cyen when it 's prepar'd Which is by cutting it down slope on each side about an inch in length beginning at the joint but leaving it much thinner on that side that goeth into the Stock than the other that is outward that side must be outward that will cause it to lean rather outward than inward you may let it have a shoulder on one side or both or either all these ways are used but shouldering takes up more time and makes the Cyen weaker and so apter by any chance to be broke off Then with your Knife cut away any Jags or roughness or blackness that remains after cleaving on each side of the cleft within and so put in either one or two Cyens according as your Stock is in bigness place them so as the passage of the sap betwixt the bark and wood both of the Stock and Cyen may meet all along the cleft as near as you can draw then forth your wedg and if the Stock be a big strong Stock and do pinch the Graffs drive a little wedg of dry wood into the slit but not so as to let the Cyens loose or for such strong stocks cut the Graffs as thick on that side that goes into the Stock as on the outside which will prevent the Stocks hurting the sappy part and bark of the Cyen Many cleave big Stocks crosswise again and put in two more Cyens but cleaving hurts the Stock so much that you had better if you will have more than two Cyens in one Stock Graff the other two in the bark according to the second way of Graffing forecasting one of them to be on the West-side the Stock By approach Sect. 6. There is another way called Graffing by Approach Ablactation or Enarching which is by having a Stock or Stocks grow so near another Tree whose Fruit you would propagate that the stock and the branch of that Tree may be joyned together in the manner following Cut the side of the Branch and of the Stock where they will meet about three inches in length till you come near the pith of each and fit them both together that the passages of the sap may joyn in which posture bind and clay them Assoon as you find the Cyen and Stock to be well cemented together cut off the head of the Stock about four inches above the binding and in March following cut off the stub you left of the Stock and also the Cyen underneath close to the Graffed place that it may subsist by the Stock only It 's also used to be done by cutting off the head of the Stock at first and sloping half off about two inches long and joining the Cyen thereunto being cut accordingly See the Figure This manner of Graffing is unnecessary and scarcely practicable in the Fruit-Trees chiefly intended in this Book but for Oranges Lemmons Pomgranats Vines Jessamins and such like shrubs it may be practis'd Also it 's said that Trees of different kinds will sooner take this way than otherwise Among all these sorts of Graffing the second way for Apples and the first for all other Fruit-trees are to be preferr'd before all the rest The Figures with these directions I hope will make all easie to any mans understanding CHAP. VII Observations concerning Graffing Size of Stocks SECT 1. If the Plants that you removed out of your Seed-plot into the Nursery and such Stocks for Stone-fruit in the Seed-plot as you intend to Graff be half an inch over in thickness where they are to be Graffed or little more it 's enough It 's best not to have them above an inch in the diameter both that you may lose no time and that the Stock may be easier covered by the Cyen Choice of Cyens Sect. 2. In providing Cyens or Graffs of Pears Plums and Cherries you must observe to cut them in ●●nuary or the very beginning of February having respect to the forwardness or backwardness of the Spring and the warmth or coldness of the Country you live in but you must be sure to cut them before the buds have any speck of white appear upon them Cyens for Apple-trees will seldom be too forward any time before the beginning of March Choose strong and well grown Cyens that grow at the top or outside of a Tree that bears well and good fruit of its kind and cut not off the tops of the Cyens till you Graff them for so they will keep the better I have always found a shoot or branch of the year next foregoing to thrive best and though in Graffing old Trees in Hereford-shire some commend and use Cyens of two or three years growth yet those are seldom found to have convenient buds to put forth at and oftentimes have blossoming buds on them and make not so good a growth neither have they so good a joynt to Graff at as those of the last year When you get them you had best cut off at least a hands breadth of that which grew the year before with them besides the last years shoot for so they will keep the better and you must use about an inch of that old wood in every Cyen when you Graff it Sect. 3. Time In January or February as you find the weather grow warm the wind not being North or North-East you may Graff Plums Cherries and Pears but not Apples till the bark of the Stocks will rise or peel from the wood which is seldom before the middle of March