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in_o golden_a letter_n upon_o a_o table_n fasten_v to_o the_o wall_n near_o to_o the_o altar_n of_o the_o church_n in_o that_o city_n and_o lest_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v want_v in_o our_o testimonial_a for_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o transcriber_n behold_v a_o confirmation_n ivnderwritten_v do_v testify_v this_o description_n whole_o to_o agree_v with_o the_o observation_n of_o his_o most_o serene_a majesty_n write_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n torneo_n june_n 15._o 1694._o john_n hoghusen_n certain_o a_o monument_n fit_a for_o posterity_n to_o admire_v and_o to_o propose_v to_o themselves_o the_o sedulity_n care_n vigilance_n and_o incredible_a endure_v of_o toil_n of_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n for_o who_o be_v intent_n and_o expose_v to_o mighty_a not_o to_o say_v royal_a fatigue_n can_v endure_v to_o descend_v to_o
atque_fw-la objice_fw-la terris_fw-la aeternumque_fw-la gelu_fw-la cimmeriumque_fw-la chaos_n haec_fw-la lege_fw-la quae_fw-la narrat_fw-la bilbergius_n be_v quoque_fw-la tantae_fw-la spectator_n lucis_fw-la rege_fw-la jubente_fw-la fuit_fw-la cognosces_fw-la quanto_fw-la fulgore_fw-la hic_fw-la ferveat_fw-la aestas_fw-la quantaque_fw-la naturae_fw-la munera_fw-la mitis_fw-la alat_fw-la cognosces_fw-la quam_fw-la pura_fw-la fluat_fw-la qua_fw-la vescimur_fw-la aura_fw-fr quam_fw-la fit_a quod_fw-la colimus_fw-la non_fw-la sibi_fw-la segne_n solum_fw-la ut_fw-la nulli_fw-la faveat_fw-la titan_n impensius_fw-la orae_fw-la majores_fw-la nusquam_fw-la ducat_n ut_fw-la ille_fw-la moras_fw-la hibernae_fw-la noctes_fw-la tolerentur_fw-la &_o aspera_fw-la brumae_fw-la omnia_fw-la nam_fw-la redimit_fw-la solstitiale_fw-la jubar_fw-la the_o content_n chap._n 1._o the_o observation_n of_o his_o most_o serene_a royal_a majesty_n page_n 1._o chap._n 2._o a_o account_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n page_n 19_o chap._n 3._o diurnal_a and_o nocturnal_a observation_n of_o the_o sun_n page_n 38_o chap._n 4._o the_o doctrine_n of_o refraction_n page_n 52_o chap._n 5._o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n page_n 75_o chap._n 6._o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n observe_v in_o our_o return_n page_n 83_o chap._n 7._o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n variation_n of_o the_o needle_n and_o difference_n of_o refraction_n under_o the_o role_n and_o aequator_fw-la page_n 96_o a_o voyage_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n etc._n etc._n chap._n i._n the_o observation_n of_o his_o most_o serene_a royal_a majesty_n in_o the_o ancient_n and_o learned_a age_n when_o it_o be_v the_o great_a strife_n among_o man_n that_o eternity_n shall_v accompany_v the_o glory_n of_o art_n and_o science_n they_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o height_n of_o learning_n for_o the_o roman_n emulate_v the_o greek_n the_o greek_n the_o egyptian_n and_o both_o of_o they_o the_o chaldaean_n but_o they_o all_o both_o imitate_v those_o who_o go_v before_o they_o and_o be_v example_n to_o such_o as_o do_v follow_v only_a epicurus_n glory_v that_o he_o have_v no_o master_n and_o that_o he_o make_v the_o way_n for_o himself_o unto_o truth_n but_o that_o be_v the_o happiness_n of_o few_o people_n and_o rare_o fall_v out_o in_o our_o time_n we_o think_v it_o be_v excellent_a well_o for_o we_o if_o we_o commendable_o follow_v nor_o do_v we_o wonder_v that_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v hide_v deep_o shall_v be_v slow_o discover_v for_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o present_a age_n that_o man_n avoid_v difficulty_n and_o treat_v light_a matter_n with_o a_o slight_a hand_n and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o very_a many_o thing_n which_o they_o think_v they_o know_v not_o so_o much_o through_o weakness_n of_o judgement_n as_o laziness_n it_o be_v apparent_a almost_o to_o all_o man_n not_o only_o to_o philosopher_n but_o unlearned_a that_o the_o sun_n the_o moon_n and_o other_o star_n of_o this_o visible_a world_n keep_v the_o course_n which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o supreme_a deity_n order_v from_o the_o beginning_n and_o no_o body_n be_v so_o silly_a as_o not_o to_o understand_v that_o at_o set_a time_n they_o return_v to_o illuminate_v the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o earth_n sometime_o be_v torpid_a with_o the_o sharp_a cold_a and_o bind_v together_o with_o the_o hard_a frost_n and_o sometime_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n of_o the_o world_n be_v inflame_v with_o the_o burn_a heat_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o thereupon_o undergo_v its_o various_a vicissitude_n and_o experience_v join_v to_o reason_n do_v sufficient_o and_o too_o much_o confirm_v that_o no_o other_o cause_o can_v be_v assign_v of_o that_o matter_n than_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o sun_n its_o return_n and_o various_a situation_n but_o that_o some_o country_n shall_v burn_v with_o the_o continual_a heat_n of_o heaven_n and_o other_o grow_v hard_o with_o a_o perpetual_a cold_a and_o yet_o equal_o afford_v advantage_n to_o their_o inhabitant_n be_v that_o which_o many_o philosopher_n have_v call_v into_o question_n and_o be_v not_o at_o this_o day_n believe_v but_o by_o those_o who_o have_v find_v it_o by_o experience_n it_o will_v be_v a_o pleasant_a sight_n to_o behold_v the_o earth_n in_o a_o abridgement_n to_o view_v the_o situation_n of_o it_o its_o form_n and_o bound_n some_o part_n very_o well_o people_v whilst_o again_o some_o other_o be_v frequent_o void_a of_o inhabitant_n through_o the_o violence_n and_o extremity_n of_o cold_a or_o heat_n for_o there_o be_v many_o altogether_o as_o great_a stranger_n in_o their_o own_o as_o foreign_a country_n and_o if_o they_o know_v any_o thing_n by_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o yet_o they_o themselves_o be_v almost_o ignorant_a of_o the_o matter_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o very_o often_o they_o judge_v wrong_v of_o the_o condition_n both_o of_o their_o native_a and_o other_o country_n wherefore_o see_v it_o be_v now_o long_o since_o that_o it_o seem_v ill_o for_o man_n to_o be_v ignorant_a both_o of_o their_o own_o and_o outlandish_a climate_n by_o degree_n a_o certain_a desire_n seize_v upon_o noble_a soul_n by_o voyage_n and_o learned_a study_n to_o render_v this_o knowledge_n familiar_a to_o they_o without_o this_o culture_n of_o the_o mind_n no_o person_n can_v have_v easy_o and_o soon_o persuade_v we_o who_o live_v in_o the_o remote_a northern_a country_n that_o there_o be_v some_o people_n who_o have_v perpetual_o their_o day_n and_o night_n equal_a or_o these_o last_o that_o we_o shall_v undergo_v so_o different_a change_n to_o wit_n that_o we_o shall_v be_v sometime_o destine_v to_o a_o perpetual_a night_n and_o again_o under_o our_o sometime_o unset_a sun_n have_v no_o room_n leave_v we_o for_o darkness_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v rather_o cry_v out_o triste_fw-fr solum_fw-la sterilis_fw-la sine_fw-la fruge_fw-la sine_fw-la arbore_fw-la tellus_fw-la frigus_fw-la iners_fw-la illic_fw-la habitant_fw-la pallorque_fw-la tremorque_fw-la et_fw-la jejuna_fw-la fames_fw-la sad_a soil_n earth_n barren_a without_o fruit_n or_o tree_n cold_a paleness_n shiver_a do_v inhabit_v thou_o and_o meager_a hunger_n the_o industry_n of_o that_o italian_a be_v to_o be_v commend_v who_o not_o long_o since_o view_v our_o northern_a part_n with_o curious_a researche_n i_o be_o willing_a here_o to_o make_v use_n of_o his_o word_n out_o of_o his_o manuscript_n that_o by_o his_o example_n we_o may_v confirm_v our_o own_o and_o invite_v other_o to_o do_v the_o like_a matter_n in_o questa_fw-la say_v he_o zona_fw-la glaciale_a boreale_n bisogna_fw-it ammirar_fw-it la_fw-it providenza_fw-it di_fw-it dio_fw-mi nel_fw-it vider_n il_fw-it sole_n che_fw-it per_fw-la sei_fw-it settimane_a resto_fw-la sober_a dell_n '_o orizonte_fw-fr formando_fw-la a_o questa_fw-la region_fw-la non_fw-la arco_fw-la ma_fw-fr corona_n e_fw-it cosi_fw-it la_fw-fr luna_fw-la e_o le_fw-fr stelle_n ma_fw-fr queste_n non_fw-fr apparono_fw-it per_fw-la hora_fw-la cedendo_fw-la all_o primo_fw-la luminare_fw-la e_fw-la campeggiono_fw-la poi_fw-it altretanto_fw-it tempo_fw-it circa_fw-la il_fw-it solstitio_fw-la hiemale_a cosi_fw-la loro_fw-la permettendo_fw-la quello_fw-it con_fw-mi la_fw-it sua_fw-la contenanza_fw-it pare_v in_o un_fw-fr certo_fw-la modo_fw-la che_fw-it siam_fw-it degno_fw-la di_fw-it non_fw-la minor_fw-la osservatione_fw-la e_fw-it maraviglia_fw-it in_o quest_n '_o effetto_n ill_a sole_a di_fw-it quello_fw-it che_fw-it sarebbe_fw-it se_fw-it si_fw-mi vedesse_n arrestar_n il_fw-fr svo_fw-la corso_fw-it come_fw-mi nel_fw-it tempo_fw-it di_fw-it josue_n overo_fw-la retrocedere_fw-la come_v in_o quello_fw-it d'_fw-fr ezechia_n insegnando_n s._n agostino_n nel_fw-it decimo_fw-la della_fw-it città _fw-la di_fw-it dio_fw-mi che_fw-mi quamvis_fw-la miracula_fw-la visibilium_fw-la naturarum_fw-la videndi_fw-la assiduitate_fw-la viluerint_fw-la tamen_fw-la cum_fw-la ea_fw-la semper_fw-la intuemur_fw-la inusitatissimis_fw-la rarissimisque_fw-la majora_fw-la sunt_fw-la vhe_fw-it se_fw-la all_o hora_fw-la fece_n il_fw-fr giorno_fw-la alcune_fw-fr hore_n più_fw-fr longè_fw-la dell_n '_o ordinario_fw-la che_fw-it lo_o so_o per_fw-la settimane_a e_fw-la mosi_fw-la si_fw-mi come_v ho_o detto_n onde_a pair_v che_fw-it di_fw-it questo_fw-la specialment_fw-it si_fw-la verifichi_fw-it il_fw-it detto_n del_fw-it salmo_n ordinatione_fw-la tua_fw-la perseverat_fw-la dies_fw-la so_o far_o he_o but_o our_o weakness_n not_o to_o say_v laziness_n cause_v this_o difficulty_n of_o believe_v in_o many_o who_o be_v very_o seldom_o persuade_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v true_a which_o our_o countryman_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n though_o of_o very_o good_a repute_n relate_v concern_v the_o various_a vicissitude_n of_o the_o year_n in_o distant_a place_n nothing_o certain_o be_v a_o great_a impediment_n to_o a_o right_a understanding_n than_o the_o prejudicate_a opinion_n of_o our_o infancy_n which_o have_v suck_v in_o with_o our_o mother_n milk_n and_o a_o ill_a education_n we_o can_v hardly_o at_o last_o lie_v aside_o in_o our_o old_a age_n for_o who_o do_v not_o that_o i_o may_v use_v this_o example_n persuade_v himself_o that_o he_o live_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o
be_v as_o yet_o not_o well_o beat_v wherein_o be_v toss_v by_o divers_a fortune_n at_o length_n we_o happy_o arrive_v at_o torneo_n on_o the_o 6_o of_o june_n have_v make_v a_o most_o hazardous_a voyage_n in_o sixteen_o day_n in_o chariot_n boat_n or_o on_o horse_n and_o afoot_n by_o turn_n the_o city_n torneo_n be_v situate_v by_o the_o river_n torneo_n rise_v in_o lapland_n a_o very_a pleasant_a place_n which_o the_o river_n make_v by_o part_v itself_o into_o two_o arm_n and_o join_v again_o where_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n from_o which_o island_n the_o citizen_n assert_v the_o city_n to_o have_v receive_v its_o name_n at_o the_o time_n of_o its_o building_n but_o it_o be_v found_v in_o this_o island_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n m_o dc_o xx._n when_o before_o it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o inhabitant_n who_o dwell_v some_o furlong_n from_o it_o to_o the_o south_n where_o there_o be_v still_o a_o old_a stone-church_n for_o they_o have_v a_o wooden_a one_o in_o that_o city_n and_o that_o curious_o build_v as_o general_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n not_o long_o rebuild_v this_o city_n trade_v chief_o with_o the_o finns_n and_o laplander_n who_o language_n the_o citizen_n understand_v well_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o likewise_o give_v they_o a_o visit_n with_o their_o ram_n deer_n and_o for_o the_o merchandise_n which_o they_o carry_v with_o they_o receive_v other_o from_o the_o laplander_n of_o equal_a value_n they_o have_v also_o no_o inconsiderable_a commerce_n with_o the_o moscovite_n who_o yearly_o sell_v their_o good_n to_o they_o and_o part_n with_o they_o at_o a_o very_a reasonable_a price_n since_o those_o which_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o city_n archangel_n lie_v they_o in_o less_o when_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o hollander_n be_v the_o great_a the_o same_o evening_n that_o we_o come_v to_o torneo_n we_o observe_v the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n note_v the_o time_n by_o the_o go_n of_o a_o most_o exact_a clock_n which_o show_v minute_n and_o second_o which_o i_o have_v for_o that_o use_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a count_n and_o royal_a senator_n nicolas_n gyldenstolp_v by_o this_o at_o 11_o h._n 15′_n 45″_n the_o sun_n be_v hide_v in_o a_o little_a cloud_n pass_v over_o it_o and_o appear_v that_o night_n no_o more_o to_o we_o on_o the_o seven_o of_o june_n we_o sound_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o two_o brass_n astrolabe_fw-la exact_o divide_v into_o deg._n and_o min._n one_o of_o which_o we_o will_v have_v to_o be_v loose_a and_o the_o other_o fix_v with_o the_o perpendicular_a by_o which_o the_o error_n which_o arise_v by_o the_o disposition_n may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o detect_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o take_v care_n that_o the_o very_a lest_o difference_n of_o they_o shall_v not_o escape_v we_o nor_o be_v any_o calculation_n make_v by_o we_o except_o the_o instrument_n agree_v most_o exact_o the_o same_o day_n in_o our_o first_o observation_n we_o find_v the_o great_a altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v 47°_n 48′_n on_o the_o 8_o day_n we_o find_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n to_o be_v 47°_n 49′_n the_o 9th_o day_n be_v cloudy_a on_o the_o 10_o it_o be_v 47°_n 50′_n from_o which_o repeat_v observation_n and_o another_o more_o make_v in_o the_o same_o place_n at_o our_o return_n on_o the_o 18_o of_o june_n when_o the_o sun_n meridian_n height_n have_v decrease_v to_o 47°_n 45′_n we_o gather_v by_o a_o astronomical_a calculation_n the_o true_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v consider_v and_o the_o just_a parallax_n add_v that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o that_o city_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o be_v lay_v down_o in_o some_o geographical_a table_n especial_o those_o of_o foreigner_n be_v but_o 65°_n 43′_n but_o no_o account_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v of_o the_o refraction_n in_o these_o observation_n the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v elevate_v beyond_o that_o degree_n where_o they_o cease_v we_o desire_v true_o to_o confirm_v these_o diurnal_a observation_n by_o the_o fix_a star_n because_o to_o those_o who_o observe_v by_o the_o circumpolar_n star_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n use_v to_o come_v out_o less_o and_o the_o winter_n and_o summer_n declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v otherwise_o equal_a the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o fix_a obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v grant_v but_o among_o the_o more_o northerly_a at_o several_a time_n be_v render_v inequal_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o refraction_n but_o at_o that_o time_n the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o its_o continual_a presence_n save_v we_o that_o trouble_n the_o latitude_n of_o torneo_n be_v find_v we_o be_v solicitous_a to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a longitude_n of_o it_o but_o see_v that_o can_v not_o be_v astronomical_o obtain_v by_o any_o direct_a journey_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n we_o be_v force_v to_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o report_n of_o the_o land-surveyer_n who_o have_v so_o exact_o describe_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o way_n and_o the_o situation_n of_o all_o the_o country_n and_o county_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o most_o serene_a royal_a majesty_n and_o because_o among_o the_o several_a way_n of_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n especial_o at_o sea_n for_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n promise_v so_o great_a a_o reward_n to_o the_o finder_n of_o it_o all_o eye_n be_v intent_n upon_o this_o victory_n which_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o obtain_v i_o say_v among_o so_o many_o way_n no_o invention_n have_v yet_o appear_v more_o excellent_a than_o that_o which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o pendulum_n of_o which_o that_o noble_a hollander_n christianus_n con-stantine_a huygens_n be_v the_o inventor_n and_o author_n a_o person_n as_o well_o for_o his_o other_o famous_a work_n as_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o this_o most_o worthy_a of_o immortality_n and_o here_o it_o come_v into_o 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arrive_v at_o with_o so_o many_o wind_n and_o turn_n we_o do_v not_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o depart_v without_o a_o observation_n therefore_o stay_v there_o six_o day_n before_o the_o sky_n be_v as_o agreeable_a as_o we_o wish_v at_o last_o the_o grateful_a light_n shine_v forth_o on_o the_o 20_o of_o july_n by_o help_n of_o which_o we_o find_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o by_o it_o the_o place_n latitude_n to_o be_v 60°_n 32′_n and_o therefore_o perceive_v this_o city_n to_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o same_o latitude_n as_o gefle_n after_o that_o design_v to_o bring_v our_o journey_n to_o a_o end_n without_o any_o observation_n because_o of_o shower_n and_o storm_n we_o pass_v the_o several_a city_n of_o westmanland_n and_o hedenore_n so_o well_o know_v for_o its_o merchandise_n agriculture_n and_o fair_n and_o then_o afwestafor_n famous_a for_o copper_n mine_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o coin_v of_o money_n and_o then_o to_o soleburg_n a_o very_a noble_a 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most_o gracious_a monarch_n the_o next_o day_n be_v dismiss_v most_o favourable_o by_o his_o most_o serene_a royal_a majesty_n we_o hearty_o rejoice_v that_o we_o have_v obtain_v the_o height_n of_o our_o wish_n that_o our_o slight_a labour_n seem_v not_o to_o displease_v our_o most_o gracious_a master_n and_o now_o have_v dispatch_v this_o business_n every_o one_o go_v to_o his_o own_o home_n homer_n relate_v of_o his_o ulysses_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o who_o can_v believe_v that_o we_o traverse_v so_o many_o city_n in_o this_o journey_n and_o northerly_a waste_n part_n of_o sweden_n go_v no_o more_o than_o five_o mile_n beyond_o kongsor_n through_o holmia_n before_o we_o come_v to_o upsal_n we_o see_v beside_o the_o say_a city_n orebro_fw-la arboga_fw-la torshella_n strangnans_fw-la mariefred_n sodertelus_n and_o stockholm_n so_o that_o in_o all_o we_o pass_v through_o twenty_o four_o of_o they_o in_o a_o direct_a way_n chap._n vii_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n 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