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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16711	A briefe and true relation of the discouerie of the north part of Virginia being a most pleasant, fruitfull and commodious soile: made this present yeere 1602, by Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold, Captaine Bartholowmew [sic] Gilbert, and diuers other gentlemen their associats, by the permission of the honourable knight, Sir Walter Ralegh, &c. Written by M. Iohn Brereton one of the voyage. Whereunto is annexed a treatise, of M. Edward Hayes, conteining important inducements for the planting in those parts, and finding a passage that way to the South sea, and China.	Brereton, John, 1572-ca. 1619.; Hayes, Edward, fl. 1602.	1602 (1602)	STC 3611; ESTC S122400	31,034	49

rich regions of the East world in fiue moneths or thereabouts euen so the goods being carried ouer vnto the North side ships may come thither from England to fetch the same goods and returne by a voyage of foure or fiue moneths vsually So as in euery foure moneths may be returned into England the greatest riches of Cathay China Iapan and the rest which will be Spices Drugges Muske Pearle Stones Gold Siluer Silks Clothes of gold all maner of precious things which shall recompense the time and labour of their transportation and carriage if it were as farre and dangerous as the Moores trade is from Fess and Marocco ouer the burning and moueable sands in which they perish many times and suffer commonly great distresses vnto the riuer called Niger in Africa and from thence vp the said riuer manie hundred miles afterwards ouer-land againe vnto the riuer Nilus and so vnto Cairo in Egypt from whence they returne the way they came Or if it were a voyage so farre as our merchants haue made into Persia euen to Ormus by the way of the North through Russia into the Caspian sea and so foorth with paiment of many tolles But this passage ouer and thorow the continent of America as the same shall be alwaies vnder temperate and habitable climats and a pleasant passage after it hath béene a little frequented euen so it must fall out much shorter than it séemeth by false description of that continent which doth not extend so farre into the West as by later nauigations is found and described in more exquisit charts Besides that the sea extends it selfe into the land very farre in many places on the South side whereby our accesse vnto the South ocean shall be by so much the shorter FINIS Inducements to the liking of the voyage intended towards Virginia in 40. and 42. degrees of latitude written 1585. by M. Richard Hakluyt the elder sometime student of the Middle Temple THe glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels 2 The increase of the force of the Christians 3 The possibilitie of the inlarging of the dominions of the Quéenes most excellent Maiestie and consequently of her honour reuenues and of her power by this enterprise 4 An ample vent in time to come of the Woollen clothes of England especially those of the coursest sorts to the maintenance of our poore that els sterue or become burdensome to the realme and vent also of sundry our commodities vpon the tract of that firme land and possibly in other regions from the Northerne side of that maine 5 A great possibilitie of further discoueries of other regions from the North part of the same land by sea and of vnspeakable honor and benefit that may rise vpon the same by the trades to ensue in Iapan China and Cathay c. 6 By returne thence this realme shall receiue by reason of the situation of the climate and by reason of the excellent soile Oade Oile Wines Hops Salt and most or all the commodities that we receiue from the best parts of Europe and we shall receiue the same better cheape than now we receiue them as we may vse the matter 7 Receiuing the same thence the nauie the humane strength of this realme our merchants and their goods shal not be subiect to arrest of ancient enemies doubtfull friends as of late yéeres they haue béene 8 If our nation do not make any conquest there but only vse trafficke and change of commodities yet by meane the countrey is not very mightie but diuided into pety kingdoms they shall not dare to offer vs any great annoy but such as we may easily reuenge with sufficient chastisement to the vnarmed people there 9 Whatsoeuer commodities we receiue by the Stéelyard merchants or by our owne merchants from Eastland be it Flaxe Hempe Pitch Tarre Masts Clap-boord Wainscot or such like the like good may we receiue from the North and Northeast part of that countrey néere vnto Cape Briton in returne for our course Woollen clothes Flanels and Rugges fit for those colder regions 10 The passage to and fro is thorow the maine Ocean sea so as we are not in danger of any enemies coast 11 In the voyage we are not to crosse the burnt Zone nor to passe thorow frozen seas encombred with ice and fogs but in temperate climate at all times of the yéere and it requireth not as the East Indie voiage doth the taking in of water in diuers places by reason that it is to be sailed in fiue or six wéeks and by the shortnesse the merchant may yéerely make two returnes a factory once being erected there a matter in trade of great moment 12 In this trade by the way in our passe to and fro we haue in tempests and other haps all the ports of Ireland to our aid and no néere coast or any enemy 13 By this ordinary trade we may annoy the enemies to Ireland and succour the Quéenes Maiesties friends there and in time we may from Virginia yéeld them whatsoeuer commoditie they now receiue from the Spaniard and so the Spaniards shall want the ordinary victual that heertofore they receiued yéerely from thence and so they shall not continue trade nor fall so aptly in practise against this gouernment as now by their trade thither they may 14 We shall as it is thought enioy in this voyage either some small Islands to settle on or some one place or other on the firme land to fortifie for the saftie of our ships our men and our goods the like whereof we haue not in any forren place of our trafficke in which respect we may be in degrée of more safetie and more quiet 15 The great plentie of Buffe hides and of many other sundry kinds of hides there now presently to be had the trade of Whale and Seale fishing and of diuers other fishings in the great riuers great bayes and seas there shall presently defray the charge in good part or in all of the first enterprise and so we shall be in better case than our men were in Russia where many yéeres were spent and great summes of money consumed before gaine was sound 16 The great broad riuers of that maine that we are to enter into so many leagues nauigable or portable into the maine land lying so long a tract with so excellent and so fertile a soile on both sides doe séeme to promise all things that the life of man doth require and whatsoeuer men may wish that are to plant vpon the same or to trafficke in the same 17 And whatsoeuer notable commoditie the soile within or without doth yéeld in so long a tract that is to be carried out from thence to England the same riuers so great and déepe do yéeld no small benefit for the sure safe easie and cheape cariage of the same to shipboord be it of great bulke or of great weight 18 And in like sort whatsoeuer commoditie of England the Inland people there

shall néed the same riuers doe worke the like effect in benefit for the incariage of the same aptly easily and cheaply 19 If we finde the countrey populous and desirous to expel vs and iniuriously to offend vs that séeke but iust and lawfull trafficke then by reason that we are lords of nauigation and they not so we are the better able to defend our selues by reason of those great riuers to annoy them in many places 20 Where there be many petie kings or lords planted on the riuers sides and by all likelihood mainteine the frontiers of their seuerall territories by warres we may by the aide of this riuer ioine with this king héere or with that king there at our pleasure and may so with a few men be reuenged of any wrong offered by any of them or may if we will procéed with extremitie conquer fortifie and plant in soiles most swéet most pleasant most strong and most fertile and in the end bring them all in subiection and to ciuilitie 21 The knowen abundance of Fresh fish in the riuers and the knowen plentie of Fish on the sea coast there may assure vs of sufficient victuall in spight of the people if we will vse salt and industrie 22 The knowen plentie and varietie of Flesh of diuers kinds of beasts at land there may séeme to say to vs that we may cheaply victuall our nauies to England for our returnes which benefit euery where is not found of merchants 23 The practise of the people of the East Indies when the Portugals came thither first was to cut from the Portugals their lading of Spice and heereby they thought to ouerthrow their purposed trade If these people shall practise the like by not suffering vs to haue any commoditie of theirs without conquest which requireth some time yet may we mainteine our first voyage thither till our purpose come to effect by the sea-fishing on the coasts there and by dragging for pearles which are said to be on those parts and by returne of those commodities the charges in part shall be defraied which is a matter of consideration in enterprises of charge 24 If this realme shall abound too too much with youth in the mines there of Golde as that of Chisca and Saguenay of Siluer Copper Yron c. may be an imployment to the benefit of this realme in tilling of the rich soile there for graine and in planting of Uines there for Wine or dressing of those Uines which grow there naturally in great abundance Oliues for Oile Orenge trées Limons Figs and Almonds for fruit Oad Saffron and Madder for Diers Hoppes for Brewers Hempe Flaxe and in many such other things by imploiment of the soile our people void of sufficient trades may be honestly imploied that els may become hurtfull at home 25 The nauigating of the seas in the voyage and of the great riuers there will bréed many Mariners for seruice and mainteine much nauigation 26 The number of raw Hides there of diuers kindes of beasts if we shall possesse some Island there or settle on the firme may presently imploy many of our idle people in diuers seuerall dressings of the same and so we may returne them to the people that can not dresse them so well or into this realm where the same are good merchandize or to Flanders c. which present gaine at the first raiseth great incouragement presently to the enterprise 27 Since great waste Woods be there of Oake Cedar Pine Wall-nuts and sundry other sorts many of our waste people may be imployed in making of Ships Hoies Busses and Boats and to making of Rozen Pitch and Tarre the trées naturall for the same being certeinly knowen to be néere Cape Briton and the Bay of Menan and in many other places there about 28 If mines of white or gray marble Iet or other rich stone be found there our idle people may be imployed in the mines of the same and in preparing the same to shape and so shaped they may be caried into this realm as good balast for our ships and after serue for noble buildings 29 Sugar-canes may be planted aswell as they are now in the South of Spaine and besides the imploiment of our idle people we may receiue the commodity cheaper and not inrich infidels or our doubtful friends of whom now we receiue that commoditie 30 The daily great increase of Woolles in Spaine and the like in the West Indies and the great imploiment of the same into Cloth in both places may mooue vs to endeuour for vent of our Cloth new discoueries of peopled regions where hope of sale may arise otherwise in short time many inconueniences may possibly ensue 31 This land that we purpose to direct our course to lying in part in the 40 degree of latitude being in like heat as Lisbone in Portugall doth and in the more Southerly part as the most Southerly coast of Spaine doth may by our diligence yeeld vnto vs besides Wines and Oiles and Sugars Orenges Limons Figs Resings Almonds Pomegranates Rice Raw-silks such as come from Granada and diuers commodities for Diers as Anile and Cochenillio and sundry other colours and materials Moreouer we shall not onely receiue many precious commodities besides from thence but also shal in time finde ample vent of the labour of our poore people at home by sale of Hats Bonets Kniues Fish-hooks Copper kettles Beads Looking-glasses Bugles a thousand kinds of other wrought wares that in short time may be brought in vse among the people of that countrey to the great reliefe of the multitude of our poore people and to the woonderfull enriching of this realme And in time such league entercourse may arise betwéene our Stapling seats there and other ports of our Northern America and of the Islands of the same that incredible things and by few as yet dreamed of may spéedily follow tending to the impeachment of our mightie enemies and to the common good of this noble gouernment The ends of this voyage are these 1. To plant Christian religion 2. To trafficke 3. To conquer Or to doe all thrée TO plant Christian religion without conquest will bée hard Trafficke easily followeth conquest conquest is not easie Trafficke without conquest séemeth possible and not vneasie What is to be done is the question If the people be content to liue naked and to content themselues with few things of méere necessity then trafficke is not So then in vaine séemeth our voyage vnlesse this nature may be altered as by conquest and other good meanes it may be but not on a sudden The like whereof appeared in the East Indies vpon the Portugals seating there If the people in the Inland be clothed and desire to liue in the abundance of all such things as Europe doth and haue at home all the same in plentie yet we can not haue trafficke with them by meane they want not any thing that we can yéeld them Admit that they haue desire to your

euery where shew great likelihood of Minerals A very rich mine of Copper is found whereof I haue séene proofe and the place described Not farre from which there is great hope also of a Siluer mine There be faire quarries of stone of beautifull colours for buildings The ground bringeth forth without industrie Pease Roses Grapes Hempe besides other plants fruits herbs and flowers whose pleasant view and delectable smelles doe demonstrate sufficiently the fertility and swéetnesse of that soile and aire Beasts of many kindes some of the bignesse of an Oxe whose hides make good buffe Déere both red and of other sorts in aboundance Luzerns Marterns Sables Beauers Beares Otters Wolues Foxes and Squirrels which to the Northward are blacke and accounted very rich furres Fowles both of the water and land infinit store and varietie Hawks both short and long winged Partriges in abundance which are verie great and easily taken Birds great and small some like vnto our Blacke-birds others like Canarie-birds And many as well birds as other creatures strange and differing from ours of Europe Fish namely Cods which as we encline more vnto the South are more large and vendible for England and France then the Newland fish Whales and Seales in great abundances Oiles of them are rich commodities for England whereof we now make Soape besides many other vses Item Tunneys Anchoues Bonits Salmons Lobsters Oisters hauing Pearle and infinit other sorts of fish which are more plentifull vpon those Northwest coasts of America than in any parts of the knowen world Salt is reported to be found there which els may be made there to serue sufficiently for all fishing So as the commodities there to be raised both of the sea and land after that we haue planted our people skilfull and industrious will be Fish Whale and Seale oiles Soape ashes and Soape Tarre and Pitch Rosen and Turpentine Masts Timber and boords of Cedars Firres and Pines Hempe Flaxe Cables and Ropes Saile-clothes Grapes and Raisens and Wines Corne Rape-séeds oiles Hides Skinnes Furres Dies and Colours for painting Pearle Mettals and other Minerals These commodities before rehearsed albeit for the most part they be grosse yet are the same profitable for the State of England specially aswell in regard of the vse of such commodities as for the imploiment also of our people and ships the want whereof doth decay our townes and ports of England and causeth the realme to swarme full with poore and idle people These commodities in like sort are of great vse and estimation in all the South and Westerne countreys of Europe namely Italie France and Spaine for the which all nations that haue béene accustomed to repaire vnto the Newfound-land for the commoditie of fish and oiles alone will henceforward forsake the Newfound-land and trade with vs when once we haue planted people in those parts by whose industrie shall be prouided for all commers both fish and oiles and many commodities besides of good importance value Then will the Spaniards and Portugals bring vnto vs in exchange of such commodites before mentioned Wines Swéet oiles Fruits Spices Sugars Silks Gold and Siluer or whatsoeuer that Europe yéeldeth to supply our necessities and to increase our delights For which Spanish commodities and other sorts likewise our merchants of England will bring vnto vs againe Cloth Cattell for our store and bréed and euery thing els that we shall néed or that England shall haply exchange for such commodities By this intercourse our habitations will be made a Staple of all vendible commodities of the world and a meanes to vent a very great quantitie of our English cloth into all the cold regions of America extended very farre This intercourse also will be soone drawen together by this reason That néere adioining vpon the same coasts of New-found-land is the greatest fishing of the world whether doe yéerely repaire about 400 sailes of ships for no other commoditie than Fish and Whale-oiles Then forasmuch as merchants ar diligent inquisitours after gaines they will soone remooue their trade from Newfound-land vnto vs néere at hand for so great increase of gaine as they shall make by trading with vs. For whereas the voyage vnto the Newfound-land is into a more cold and intemperate place not to be traded nor frequented at all times nor fortified for securitie of the ships and goods oft spoiled by pirats or men of warre the charges great for salt double manning and double victualling their ships in regard that the labor is great and the time long before their lading can be made readie they cary outwards no commodities for fraight and after sixe moneths voyage their returne is made but of Fish and Oiles Contrariwise by trading with vs at our intended place the course shal be in a maner as short into a more temperate and healthfull climat at all times of the yéere to be traded harbors fortified to secure ships and goods charges abridged of salt victualling and manning ships double because lading shall be prouided vnto their hands at a more easie rate than themselues could make it They shall carry fraight also outward to make exchange with vs and so get profit both waies and then euery foure moneths they may make a voyage and returne of both fish and oiles and many other commodities of good worth These reasons aduisedly waighed shall make our enterprise appeare easie and the most profitable of the world for our nation to vndertake The reasons we chiefly relie vpon are these namely 1 Those lands which we intend to inhabit shall minister vnto our people the subiect and matter of many notable commodities 2 England shall affoord vs people both men women and children aboue 10000 which may very happily be spared from hence to worke those commodities there 3 Newfound-land shall minister shipping to carrie away all our commodities and to bring others vnto vs againe for our supplie Now two of these reasons are already effected vnto our hands that is to say The place where we shall finde rich commodities and ships to vent them It remaineth onely for our parts to carrie and transport people with their prouisions from England where the miserie and necessitie of manie crie out for such helpe and reliefe This considered no nation of Christendom is so fit for this action as England by reason of our superfluous people as I may tearme them and of our long domesticall peace And after that we be once 200 men strong victualled and fortified we can not be remooued by as many thousands For besides that we haue séene both in France and the Low-countreys where 200 men well fortified and victualled haue kept out the forces both of the French Spanish kings euen within their owne kingdomes it shall be also a matter of great difficulty to transport an army ouer the Ocean with victuals and munition and afterwards to abide long siege abroad against

vs fortified within where the very elements and famine shall fight for vs though we should lie still and defend onely The Saluages neither in this attempt shall hurt vs they being simple naked and vnarmed destitute of edge-tooles or weapons whereby they are vnable either to defend thēselues or to offend vs neither is it our intent to prouoke but to cherrish and win them vnto Christianitie by faire meanes yet not to trust them too far but to prouide against all accidents Then to conclude as we of all other nations are most fit for a discouery and planting in remote places euen so vnder the heauens there is no place to be found so conuenient for such a purpose by reason of the temperature commodities apt site for trade repaire thither already of so many ships which in any other frequented countrey can not be procured in a mans age nor with expense of halfe a million So as the onely difficultie now is in our first preparation to transport some few people at the beginning the charges whereof shall be defraied by our first returne of fish and some commodities of Sassafras Hides Skinnes and Furres which we shall also haue by trading with the Saluages The proofe of which commodities shall incourage our merchants to venter largely in the next The supplie shall easily and continually be sent by ships which yéerely goe from hence vnto the Newfound-land and vs and the intercourse exchange we shall haue with all nations repairing thither shall store vs with aboundance of all things for our necessities and delightes Which reasons if they had béene foreséene of them that planted in the South part of Virginia which is a place destitute of good harbours and farre from all trade no doubt but if they had settled neerer vnto this frequented trade in the Newfound-land they had by this time béene a flourishing State and plentifull in all things who also might then haue made way into the bowels of that large continent where assuredly we shall discouer very goodly and rich kingdomes and cities It may also séeme a matter of great consequence for the good and securitie of England that out of these Northerly regions we shall be able to furnish this realme of all maner of prouisions for our nauies namely Pitch Rosen Cables Ropes Masts and such like which shall be made within those her Maiesties owne dominions by her owne subiects and brought hither thorow the Ocean frée from restraint of any other prince whereby the customes and charges bestowed by our merchants to the inriching of forren Estates shall be lessened and turned to the benefit of her Highnesse and her deputies in those parts which also shall deliuer our merchants from many troubles molestations which they now vnwillingly indure in our East trades and shall make vs the lesse to doubt the malice of those States whom now we may not offend lest we should be intercepted of the same prouisions to the weakening of our nauie the most roiall defence of this noble realme Of a conuenient passage and trade into the South Sea vnder temperate regions part by riuers and some part ouer land in the continent of America Neither vpon the discoueries of Iaques Noel who hauing passed beyond the thrée Saults where Iaques Carrier left to discouer finding the riuer of S. Laurence passable on the other side or branch and afterwards vnderstood of the inhabitants that the same riuer did lead into a mighty lake which at the entrance was fresh but beyond was bitter or salt the end whereof was vnknowen Omitting therefore these hopes I will ground my opinion vpon reason and nature which will not faile For this we know alreadie that great riuers haue béene discouered a thousand English miles into that continent of America namely that of S. Laurence or Canada But not regarding miles more or lesse most assuredly that and other knowen riuers there doe descend from the highest parts or mountaines or middle of that continent into our North sea And like as those mountains doe cast from them streames into our North seas euen so the like they doe into the South sea which is on the backe of that continent For all mountaines haue their descents toward the seas about them which are the lowest places and proper mansions of water and waters which are contained in the mountaines as it were in cisternes descending naturally doe alwaies resort vnto the seas inuironing those lands for example From the Alps confining Germanie France and Italie the mighty riuer Danubie doth take his course East and dischargeth into the Pontique sea the Rhine North and falleth into the Germane sea the Rhosne West and goeth into the Mediterran sea the Po South is emptied into the Adriatick or gulfe of Venice other instances may be produced to like effect in Africk yea at home amongst the mountaines in England Seeing then in nature this can not be denied and by experience elsewhere is found to be so I will shew how a trade may be disposed more commodiously into the South sea thorow these temperate and habitable regions than by the frozen Zones in the supposed passages of Northwest or Northeast where if the very moment be omitted of the time to passe then are we like to be frozen in the seas or forced to Winter in extreame cold and darkenesse like vnto hell or in the midst of Summer we shal be in perill to haue our ships ouerwhelmed or crusht in pieces by hideous and fearefull mountaines of yce floting vpon those seas Therefore foure Staple-places must be erected when the most short and passable way is found that is to say two vpon the North side at the head and fall of the riuer and two others on the South side at the head and fall also of that other riuer Prouided that ships may passe vp those riuers vnto the Staples so farre as the same be nauigable into the land and afterwards that boats with flat bottomes may also passe so high and néere the heads of the riuers vnto the Staples as possibly they can euen with lesse than two foot water which can not then be far from the heads as in the riuer of Chagre That necke or space of land betwéene the two heads of the said riuers if it be 100 leagues which is not like the commodities from the North and from the South sea brought thither may wel be carried ouer the same vpon horses mules or beasts of that countrey apt to labour as the elke or buffel or by the aid of many Saluages accustomed to burdens who shall stead vs greatly in these affaires It is moreouer to be considered that all these countreys do yéeld so farre as is knowen Cedars Pines Firre trées and Oaks to build mast and yeard ships wherefore we may not doubt but that ships may be builded on the South sea Then as ships on the South side may goe and returne to and from Cathay China and other most

hurtfull than those of Spaine There are in Florida many Beares Lions Stags Roe-bucks Wild-cats and Conies There be many Wild-hennes as bigge as Peacocks small Partridges like those of Africa Cranes Ducks Rolas Black-birds and Sparrowes There be certeine Blacke birds bigger than Sparrowes and lesser than Stares There be Sore-hauks Faulcons Gosse-hauks and all fowles of pray that are in Spaine The Indians are well proportioned Those of the plaine countreys are taller of stature and better proportioned than those of the mountaines Those of the Inland are better furnished with corne and wealth of the countrey than those of the sea coast The countrey on the sea coast toward the gulfe of Mexico is barren and poore and the people more warrelike The coast beareth from Puerto del Spirito Santo vnto Apalache and from Apalache to Rio de Palmas almost from East to West from Rio de Palmas vnto Noua Hispania it runneth from North to South It is a gentle coast but it hath many sholds and banks or shelues of sand A Note of such commodities as are found in Florida next adioining vnto the South part of Virginia taken out of the description of the said countrey written by Mounsieur Rene Laudonniere who inhabited there two Sommers and one winter THe countrey of Florida is flat and diuided with diuers riuers and therefore moist and is sandy towards the sea-shore There groweth in those parts great quantitie of Pyne trées which haue no kernels in the apples that they beare Their woods are full of Oakes Walnut trées blacke Cherrie trées Mulberie trées Lentiskes which yéeld Masticke and Chestnut trées which are more wilde than those of France There is great store of Cedars Cypresses Baies Palme trées Grapes There is there a kinde of Medlars the fruit whereof is better then that of France and bigger There are also Plumme trées which beare very faire fruit but such as is not very good There are Raspesses and a little bery which we call among vs Blues which are very good to eat There grow in that countrey a kinde of Rootes which they call in their language Hazes whereof in necessitie they make bread There is also the trée called Esquine which I take to be the Sassafras which is very good against the pocks and other contagious diseases The Beasts best knowen in this countrey are Stagges Roes Deere Goates Leopards Ownces Lucernes diuers sorts of Woolues wilde Dogges Hares Connies and a certeine kinde of beast that differeth little from the Lion of Africke The Fowles are Turkie Cocks Partridges Perrots Pigeons Ringdoues Turtles Blacke birds Crowes Tarcels Faulcons Leonards Herons Cranes Storkes wilde Géese Mallards Cormorants Herneshawes white red blacke and gray and an infinit sort of all wildfoule There is such aboundance of Crocodiles that oftentimes in swimming men are assailed by them Of serpents there are many sorts There is found among the Sauages good quantitie of Gold and Siluer which is gotten out of the ships that are lost vpon the coast Neuerthelesse they say that in the mountains of Apalatcy there are mines of Copper which I thinke to be Gold There is also in this countrey great store of Graines and Herbes whereof might be made excellent good dies and paintings of all kinde of colours They sowe their Maiz or Corne twice a yéere to wit in March and in Iune and all in one and the same soile The said Maiz from the time that it is sowed vnto the time that it is gathered is but thrée moneths in the ground They haue also faire Pumpions and very good Beanes They haue certeine kinds of oile wherewith they vse to annoint themselues A briefe extract of the merchantable commodities found in the South part of Virginia ann 1585. and 1586. Gathered out of the learned worke of master Thomas Herriot which was there remaining the space of eleuen moneths SIlke of Grasse or Grasse-silke the like whereof groweth in Persia whereof I haue séene good Grograine made Worme-silke Flaxe and Hempe Aslom Wapeih a kinde of earth so called by the naturall inhabitants very like to Terra Sigillata and by some of our Physitions found more effectuall Pitch Tarre Rozen and Turpentine there are those kinds of trées that yéeld them aboundantly and in great store Sassafras called by the inhabitants Wynauk of whose soueraigne and manifold vertues reade Monardes the Phisician of Siuile in his booke entituled in English The ioyfull newes from the West Indies Cedar Uines of two sorts Oile there are two sorts of Wall-nuts both holding oile Furthermore there are thrée seuerall kindes of Berries in the forme of Oake Acornes which also by the experience and vse of the inhabitants we finde to yéeld very good and swéete Oile There are also Beares which are commonly very fat and in some places there are many their fatnesse because it is so liquid may well be termed Oyle and hath many speciall vses Furres Ottars Marternes and Lucernes Déere skinnes Ciuet Cattes Iron Copper The foresaid Copper we also found by triall to hold Siluer Pearle One of our company a man of skill in such matters had gathered together from the Sauages aboue fiue thousand Swéet Gummes of diuers kinds and many other Apothecary drugs Dies of diuers kinds There is Shoemake well knowen and vsed in England for blacke the séed of an herbe called Wasebur little small rootes called Chappacor and the barke of a trée called by the inhabitants Tangomockonomindge which Dies are for diuers sorts of red Commodities in Virgina knowen to yeeld victuals PAgatowr or Mays which is their principall corne Okindgier called by vs Beanes Wickonzour called by vs Pease Macocquer called by vs Pompions Mellons Gourds An herbe which in Dutch is called Melden being a kinde of Orage c. An herbe in forme of a Marigold sixe foot in height taken to be Planta Solis Vppowoc or Tabacco of great estimation among the Sauages Rootes OPenauck a kinde of Rootes of round forme as bigge as Wall-nuts some farre greater Monardes calleth them Beades or Pater nostri of Sancta Helena and master Brereton Ground Nuts Okeepenank are Rootes of round shape found in dry grounds the inhabitants vse to boile and eat many of them Tsinaw a kinde of Roote much like vnto that which in England is called the China Roote brought from the East Indies Coscushaw a Roote taken to be that which the Spaniards in the West Indies doe call Cassauy Habascon a Roote of hot taste almost of the forme and bignesse of a Parsney Léekes differing little from ours in England Fruites CHestnuts there are in diuers places great store vsed diuers waies for food Walnuts there are two kinds and of them infinit store in many places where are very great woods for many miles together the third part of the trées are Walnut trées they vse them for meate and make a milke of them of verie pleasant taste and holesome Medlers a kinde of very good fruit they are as red as

cherries and very lushous swéet Mutaquesunnauk a kinde of pleasant fruit almost of the shape and bignesse of English Peares but they are of a perfect red colour as well within as without they grow on a plant whose leaues are very thicke and full of prickles as sharpe as néedles some which haue béene in Noua Hispania where they haue séene that kinde of red Die of excéeding great price which is called Cochenile to grow do describe his plant right like vnto this of Mutaquesunnauk howbeit the Cochenile is not the fruit but a graine found on the leaues of the plant and stricken off vpon sheetes and dried in the sunne Grapes there are of two sorts which I mentioned in the merchantable commodities Strawberies there are as good and as great as in any English garden such as we haue in England Mulberies Apple-crabbes Hurts or Hurtleberies Sacquenummener a kinde of berries almost like vnto Capers but somewhat greater which grow together in clusters vpon a plant or hearbe that is found in shollow waters being boiled eight or nine houres according to their kinde are very good meat and holsome otherwise if they be eaten they will make a man for the time franticke or extremely sicke A Réed which beareth a séed almost like vnto our Rie or Wheat and being boiled is good meat In our trauells in some places we found wilde Pease like vnto ours in England but that they were lesse which are also good meat A kind of Berry like vnto an Acorne of fiue sorts growing on seuerall kindes of trées the one sort is called Sagatemener the second Osamener the third Pummuckoner the inhabitants vse to dry them vpon hurdles like Malt in England when they vse them they first water them till they be soft and then being sod they make loues of bread of them of these thrée kindes also the inhabitants doe vse to make swéet oile The fourth sort is called Sapummener which being boiled or perched be like vnto rosted Chesnuts of this sort they make bread also The fift sort is called Mangummenauk the very Acorne of their kind of Oake being dried as the rest and after watered they boile them and their seruants and somtimes the chiefe themselues eate them with their fish and flesh Beasts DEere vp into the countrey very great and in some places great store Conies of a gray colour like vnto hares they make mantles of the furre or flue of their skinnes Saquenuckot and Maquowoc two kindes of small beasts greater then Conies which are very good meat Squirels which are of a gray colour we haue taken and eaten Beares which are of blacke colour They are good meat And being hunted they climbe vp into trées and are killed by the Saluages with their arrowes and sometimes by vs with our Caliuers The Lion is sometimes killed by the Saluages and eaten Woolues or Wooluish dogges I haue the names of eight and twenty sorts of beasts dispersed in the maine of which their are onely twelue kindes by vs as yet discouered Fowle TUrkie cocks and Turkie hennes Stock-doues and Partriges Cranes hernes and in Winter great store of Swannes and Géese There are also Parrots Falcons and Marlin haukes Of all sorts of foules I haue the names in the countrey language of fowrescore and sixe Fish STurgions Herrings Porpoises Troutes Rayes Old-wiues Mullets Plaice and very many other sorts of very excellent fish Seacrabs Oisters great small round long Muscles Scalops Periwincles and Creuises Seekanauk a kinde of crustie shell-fish which is good meate about a foot in bredth hauing a crusty taile many legges like a Crabbe and her eyes in her backe They are found in shallowes of water and sometimes on the shore Tortoises both of land and sea kinde they are very good meats and their egges also Certaine briefe testimonies touching sundry rich mines of Gold Siluer and Copper in part found and in part constantly heard of in North Florida and the Inland of the Maine of Virginia and other countreys there vnto on the North part neere adioining gathered out of the works all one excepted extant in print of such as were personall trauellers in those countries IN the second relation of Iaques Cartier the 12 chapter he reporteth that he vnderstood by Donnacona the king of the countrey and others that to the Southwest of Canada there are people clad with cloth as the French were very honest and many inhabited townes and that they haue great store of Gold and red Copper c. In the discouery of the Inland of Florida farre to the North begun by Fernando de Soto gouernour of Cuba in the yéere 1539. and to be séene in print in the hands of Master Richard Hackluyt The Indians in many places farre distant the one from the other gaue them often and certaine aduertisement that beyond the mountaines Northward there were mines of Gold at a place called by them Chisca and some shewed the maner which the Indians vsed in refining the same This place in mine opinion cannot be farre from the great riuer that falleth into the Southwest part of the Bay of Chesepioc The Indians enformed Mounsieur Rene Laudonniere in Florida that there were mines of red mettall which they call in their language Sieroa Pira in the muuntaines of Apalatcy which vpon triall made thereof by the French was found perfect Gold as appeareth Pagina 352. In the third volume of the English voiages and in the same relation there is very often mention of Siluer and excellent perfect and faire perles found by the french in those parts In the late discouerie of New Mexico made by Antonio de Espeio on the backe side of Virginia extant in Spanish and English in the third volume of the English voyages paginis 303. c. there is mention of rich Siluer mines and sometimes of Gold in aboundance eleuen or twelue times found as they trauelled Northward by men very skilfull in minerall matters which went in the voyage for that purpose The large description and chart of which voyage containing great numbers of townes and diuers great riuers discouered in that action made in Mexico by Francisco Xamuscado 1585 being intercepted afterward by the English at sea we haue in London to be shewed to such as shall haue occasion to make vse of the same The constant report of many of the Saluages to the worshipfull Master Ralfe Lane then gouernour of the English colonie in Virginia of the rich mine of Wassador or Gold at a place by them named Channis Temoatam twentie daies iourney ouerland from the Mangoaks set downe by himselfe at large in the first part of his relation of the said countrey of Virginia extant in the third volume of the English voyages pagina 258. is much to be regarded and considered by these that intend to prosecute this new enterprise of planting nere vnto those parts I could giue large information of the rich copper mine in the East side of the Bay of Menan within