truth_n in_o it_o be_v ingenious_o and_o worthy_o start_v by_o he_o that_o first_o publish_v it_o and_o much_o good_a have_v accrue_v to_o the_o kingdom_n by_o our_o lawmaker_n noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n resent_v it_o yet_o if_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o scrutiny_n whereby_o to_o reduce_v it_o into_o practice_n and_o the_o many_o accident_n that_o may_v accrue_v be_v serious_o weigh_v it_o will_v appear_v too_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a as_o to_o our_o general_a trade_n and_o in_o reference_n to_o particular_a trade_n fallible_a and_o erroneous_a that_o it_o will_v not_o hold_v as_o to_o foreign_a trade_n in_o general_n appear_v 1._o from_o the_o difficulty_n and_o impossibility_n of_o take_v a_o true_a account_n as_o well_o of_o the_o quantity_n as_o of_o the_o value_n of_o commodity_n export_v and_o import_v the_o general_a rule_n for_o this_o have_v be_v the_o custom-house-book_n but_o that_o they_o can_v be_v in_o any_o measure_n certain_a will_v easy_o be_v grant_v for_o 1._o as_o to_o the_o quantity_n if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o many_o fine_a commodity_n of_o small_a bulk_n and_o great_a value_n as_o point_n lace_n ribbon_n fine_a lennen_n silk_n jewel_n etc._n etc._n be_v import_v by_o stealth_n &_o that_o also_o in_o many_o out-port_n and_o creek_n of_o england_n &_o wales_n commodity_n of_o bulk_n be_v both_o import_v and_o export_v oftentime_o by_o indirect_a mean_n that_o never_o be_v register_v beside_o also_o of_o what_o be_v enter_v there_o may_v be_v though_o not_o considerable_a in_o london_n yet_o in_o other_o part_n much_o difference_n in_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n 2._o as_o to_o the_o value_n how_o shall_v the_o compute_v be_v make_v see_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o no_o kind_n proportinable_a our_o own_o commodity_n be_v some_o rate_v very_o low_a as_o drapery_n silk-ware_n haberdashery_n and_o all_o manufacture_n of_o iron_n other_o high_a as_o lead_v and_o tin_n and_o fish_n in_o english_a ship_n nothing_o and_o for_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v the_o rate_n be_v yet_o more_o unequal_a so_o that_o the_o value_v rate_v for_o the_o custom_n can_v be_v a_o due_a measure_n beside_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v by_o english_a ship_n shall_v be_v value_v only_o at_o their_o first_o cost_n and_o charges_n aboard_o and_o those_o by_o foreign_a ship_n with_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o homeward_o freight_n 2._o from_o the_o many_o accident_n that_o fall_v out_o in_o trade_n without_o the_o true_a knowledge_n whereof_o a_o right_a balance_n can_v be_v make_v as_o 1._o accident_n that_o diminish_v the_o stock_n send_v out_o as_o loss_n at_o sea_n bad_a market_n bankrupt_a also_o confiscation_n seizure_n and_o arrest_n which_o fall_v out_o often_o on_o several_a occasion_n now_o if_o by_o any_o of_o these_o or_o such_o like_a the_o original_a stock_n come_v to_o be_v impair_v and_o lessen_v the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n import_v in_o return_n may_v be_v far_o less_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n export_v and_o yet_o may_v be_v the_o full_a product_n and_o so_o the_o nation_n no_o gainer_n though_o the_o export_n be_v more_o in_o value_n then_o the_o import_v 2._o accident_n whereby_o the_o stock_n send_v out_o come_v to_o be_v extraordinary_o advance_v in_o sale_n abroad_o from_o whence_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o commodity_n import_v in_o return_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o a_o much_o great_a value_n than_o the_o commodity_n export_v and_o yet_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o real_a produce_v of_o they_o and_o so_o the_o nation_n no_o loser_n but_o a_o gainer_n thereby_o although_o the_o import_v exceed_v the_o export_n and_o if_o the_o aforecited_a instance_n suffice_v not_o to_o prove_v the_o uncertainty_n in_o some_o case_n of_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n the_o follow_a example_n of_o ireland_n virginia_n and_o barbadoes_n be_v so_o pregnant_a to_o this_o case_n as_o i_o think_v will_v convince_v any_o man_n for_o those_o three_o country_n do_v without_o doubt_n export_n annual_o asleep_o far_o great_a value_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o their_o native_a growth_n and_o product_n then_o be_v import_v to_o they_o from_o hence_o or_o from_o any_o foreign_a country_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o such_o great_a gainer_n but_o continue_v poor_a the_o true_a reason_n whereof_o as_o to_o ireland_n be_v give_v by_o the_o most_o ingenious_a author_n of_o that_o treatise_n of_o tax_n and_o contribution_n page_n 27._o where_o he_o say_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o estate_n both_o real_a and_o personal_a in_o ireland_n be_v own_v by_o absentees_n and_o such_o as_o draw_v over_o the_o profit_v raise_v out_o of_o ireland_n refund_v nothing_o so_o as_o ireland_n export_v more_o than_o it_o import_v do_v yet_o grow_v poor_a to_o a_o paradox_n here_o let_v i_o glance_v at_o my_o old_a theme_n and_o desire_v the_o reader_n to_o consider_v serious_o whether_o it_o may_v not_o improper_o be_v say_v of_o all_o kingdom_n and_o country_n where_o the_o interest_n of_o money_n run_v high_a than_o their_o neighbour_n that_o a_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n be_v own_v by_o absentees_n and_o consequent_o they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v keep_v poor_a whether_o their_o importation_n or_o their_o exportation_n exceed_v this_o likewise_o resolve_v a_o question_n that_o be_v once_o put_v to_o i_o by_o a_o honourable_a person_n concern_v the_o county_n of_o cornwell_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o tin_n and_o pilchard_n which_o annual_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v send_v forth_o from_o their_o two_o mine_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n yet_o that_o country_n still_o remain_v in_o a_o poor_a condition_n the_o reason_n whereof_o to_o i_o seem_v clear_o to_o be_v because_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n employ_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a great_a trade_n be_v take_v up_o at_o interest_n and_o consequent_o own_v by_o londoner_n and_o other_o absentee_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o this_o be_v not_o yet_o the_o case_n of_o england_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o demonstration_n that_o the_o notion_n of_o take_v the_o balance_n this_o way_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o in_o all_o place_n and_o under_o all_o circumstance_n without_o exception_n true_a &_o good_a for_o in_o case_n the_o trade_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v carry_v on_o by_o absentees_n than_o the_o supposition_n upon_o which_o this_o notion_n be_v ground_v viz._n that_o when_o the_o export_n over_o balance_n the_o import_v the_o surplusage_n be_v return_v into_o england_n in_o bulloin_n will_v prove_v a_o mistake_n and_o the_o contrary_n will_v be_v true_a viz._n that_o the_o surplusage_n will_v be_v convey_v into_o foreign_a part_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o residence_n of_o such_o absentee_n 2._o the_o second_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o illustrate_v be_v that_o this_o rule_n bare_o consider_v be_v fallible_a and_o erroneous_a as_o to_o particular_a and_o distinct_a trade_n this_o will_v appear_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o a_o true_a measure_n of_o any_o particular_a trade_n as_o to_o the_o profit_n or_o loss_n of_o the_o nation_n thereby_o can_v be_v take_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o such_o trade_n in_o itself_o single_o but_o as_o it_o stand_v in_o reference_n and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o general_a trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o place_n to_o which_o little_a of_o our_o english_a manufacture_n be_v export_v and_o yet_o the_o commodity_n we_o have_v from_o thence_o may_v be_v so_o necessary_a to_o the_o carry_v on_o our_o trade_n in_o general_n or_o some_o other_o particular_a trade_n that_o without_o they_o the_o nation_n will_v great_o decline_v and_o decay_v in_o trade_n now_o in_o this_o case_n if_o we_o shall_v measure_v such_o a_o particular_a trade_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a notion_n of_o the_o balance_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o import_v abundant_o exceed_v the_o export_n and_o so_o be_v ready_a to_o conclude_v against_o such_o a_o trade_n as_o destructive_a whereas_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v in_o truth_n be_v a_o very_a necessary_a beneficial_a trade_n and_o to_o the_o very_a great_a advantage_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o for_o instance_n the_o trade_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n the_o import_v from_o whence_o be_v certain_o many_o time_n the_o value_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n export_v thither_o and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o trade_n be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o kingdom_n not_o only_o because_o it_o give_v or_o will_v give_v employment_n to_o two_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o sail_n of_o english_a ship_n if_o we_o do_v a_o little_a mend_v our_o act_n of_o navigation_n but_o principal_o because_o the_o commodity_n import_v from_o thence_o as_o timber_n pitch_n deal_v and_o tar_n be_v of_o such_o necessary_a use_n in_o
kingdom_n thereby_o than_o the_o dutch_a do_v by_o that_o and_o that_o in_o consequence_n thereof_o all_o plantation_n of_o other_o nation_n must_v in_o a_o few_o year_n sink_v to_o little_a or_o nothing_o x._o that_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o england_n that_o new_a find_v land_n shall_v remain_v unplanted_a than_o that_o colony_n shall_v be_v send_v or_o permit_v to_o go_v thither_o to_o inhabit_v under_o a_o governor_n law_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v before_o discourse_v of_o plantation_n in_o general_a most_o of_o the_o english_a be_v in_o their_o nature_n much_o a_o like_a except_o this_o of_o newfoundland_n and_o that_o of_o new-england_n which_o i_o intend_v next_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o advantage_n newfoundland_n have_v bring_v to_o this_o kingdom_n be_v only_o by_o the_o fishery_n there_o and_o of_o what_o vast_a concernment_n that_o be_v be_v well_o know_v to_o most_o gentleman_n and_o merchant_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o especial_o this_o trade_n be_v drive_v it_o be_v well_o know_v upon_o undeniable_a poof_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o english_a employ_v 250._o sail_v of_o ship_n small_a and_o great_a in_o fish_v upon_o that_o coast_n and_o it_o be_v now_o too_o apparent_a that_o we_o do_v not_o so_o employ_v from_o all_o part_n above_o eighty_o sail_n of_o ship_n it_o be_v likewise_o general_o know_v and_o confess_v that_o when_o we_o employ_v so_o many_o ship_n in_o that_o trade_n the_o current_a price_n of_o our_o fish_n in_o that_o country_n be_v communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la seventeen_o rial_n which_o be_v eight_o shilling_n six_o penny_n per_fw-la qunital_a and_o that_o since_o as_o we_o have_v lessen_v in_o that_o trade_n the_o french_a have_v increase_v in_o it_o and_o that_o we_o have_v annual_o proceed_v to_o raise_v our_o fish_n from_o seventeen_o rial_n to_o twenty_o four_o rial_n or_o twelve_o shilling_n communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la as_o it_o now_o sell_v in_o the_o country_n this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o england_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o trade_n it_o be_v certain_o worth_a the_o enquiery_a one_a how_o we_o come_v to_o decay_v in_o that_o trade_n two_o what_o mean_n may_v be_v use_v to_o recover_v our_o ancient_a greatness_n in_o that_o trade_n or_o aâ—_n lest_o to_o prevent_v our_o further_a diminution_n therein_o the_o decay_n of_o that_o trade_n i_o attribute_v first_o and_o principal_o to_o the_o grow_a liberty_n which_o be_v every_o year_n more_o and_o more_o use_v in_o romish_a country_n as_o well_o as_o other_o of_o eat_v flesh_n in_o lent_n and_o on_o fish-day_n 2._o to_o a_o late_a abuse_n creep_v into_o that_o trade_n which_o have_v much_o abate_v the_o expense_n within_o these_o twenty_o year_n of_o that_o commodity_n of_o send_v over_o private_a boat-keeper_n which_o have_v much_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o the_o fishing-ship_n 3._o to_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o french_a fishery_n of_o placentia_n and_o other_o port_n on_o the_o backside_n of_o newfoundland_n 4._o to_o the_o several_a war_n we_o have_v have_v at_o sea_n within_o these_o twenty_o year_n which_o have_v much_o empoverish_v the_o merchant_n of_o our_o western_a part_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o carry_v on_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o trade_n at_o bottumry_n viz._n money_n take_v upon_o adventure_n of_o the_o ship_n at_o twenty_o per_fw-la cent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 2._o what_o mean_n may_v be_v use_v to_o recover_v our_o ancient_a greatness_n in_o that_o trade_n or_o at_o least_o to_o prevent_v our_o far_a diminution_n therein_o for_o this_o two_o contrary_a way_n have_v be_v propound_v 1._o to_o send_v a_o governor_n to_o reside_v there_o and_o to_o encourage_v people_n to_o inhabit_v there_o as_o well_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n against_o invasion_n as_o to_o manage_v the_o fishery_n there_o by_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o place_n this_o have_v often_o be_v propound_v by_o the_o planter_n and_o some_o merchant_n of_o london_n 2._o the_o second_o way_n propound_v and_o which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o former_a be_v by_o the_o west-country_n merchant_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o fishing-ship_n and_o that_o be_v to_o have_v no_o governor_n nor_o inhabitant_n permit_v to_o reside_v at_o newfoundland_n nor_o any_o passenger_n or_o private_a boat-keeper_n suffer_v to_o fish_n at_o newfoundland_n this_o latter_a way_n propound_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o my_o proposition_n and_o if_o it_o can_v be_v effect_v i_o be_o persuade_v will_v revive_v the_o decay_a english-fishing-trade_n at_o newfoundland_n and_o be_v otherwise_o great_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o for_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o because_o most_o of_o the_o provision_n the_o planter_n which_o be_v settle_v at_o newfoundland_n do_v make_v use_n of_o viz._n bread_n beef_n pork_n butter_n cheese_n clothes_n and_o irish-bengal_n cloth_n linen_n and_o woollen_a ireish-stocking_n as_o also_o net_n hook_n and_o line_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v supply_v with_o from_o new-england_n and_o ireland_n and_o with_o wine_n oil_n and_o linen_n by_o the_o sâ—lt_n ship_n from_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o consequence_n whereof_o the_o labour_n as_o well_o as_o the_o feed_v and_o clothe_v of_o so_o many_o man_n be_v lose_v to_o england_n 2._o the_o planter_n settle_v there_o be_v most_o loose_a vagrant_a people_n and_o without_o order_n and_o government_n do_v keep_v dissolute_a house_n which_o have_v debauch_a seaman_n and_o divert_v they_o from_o their_o laborious_a and_o industrious_a call_v whereas_o before_o there_o be_v settlement_n there_o the_o seaman_n have_v no_o other_o resort_n during_o the_o fish_n season_n be_v the_o time_n of_o their_o abode_n in_o that_o country_n but_o to_o their_o ship_n which_o afford_v they_o convenient_a food_n and_o repose_n without_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o excess_n 3_o if_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o all_o trade_n nation_n principal_o to_o encourage_v navigation_n and_o to_o promote_v especial_o those_o trade_n which_o employ_v most_o ship_n than_o which_o nothing_o be_v more_o true_a nor_o more_o regard_v by_o the_o wise_a dutch_a then_o certain_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o england_n to_o discountenance_v and_o abate_v the_o number_n of_o planter_n at_o newfoundland_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v increase_v it_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n happen_v to_o we_o in_o relation_n to_o that_o country_n as_o it_o have_v to_o the_o fishery_n at_o new-england_n which_o many_o year_n since_o be_v manage_v by_o english_a ship_n from_o the_o western_a port_n but_o as_o plantation_n there_o increase_v fall_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a employment_n of_o people_n settle_v there_o and_o nothing_o of_o that_o trade_n leave_v the_o poor_a old_a englishman_n but_o the_o liberty_n of_o carry_v now_o and_o then_o by_o courtesy_n or_o purchase_n a_o ship_n load_v of_o fish_n to_o bilvoa_n when_o their_o own_o nâ—w-english_a ship_n be_v better_a employ_v or_o not_o at_o leisure_n to_o do_v it_o 4._o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o before_o there_o be_v boat-keeper_n or_o planter_n at_o newfoundland_n fish_n be_v sell_v cheap_a than_o now_o it_o be_v by_o about_o 40_o per_fw-la cent_z and_o consequent_o more_o vent_v the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o the_o boat-keeper_n and_o planter_n be_v general_o at_o first_o able_a fisherman_n and_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n can_v doubtless_o afford_v their_o fish_n cheap_a than_o the_o fish_n ship_n from_o old_a england_n so_o doubtless_o they_o do_v at_o first_o as_o well_o at_o new-england_n as_o at_o newfoundland_n until_o they_o have_v beat_v the_o english_a ship_n out_o of_o the_o trade_n after_o which_o be_v free_v from_o that_o competition_n they_o become_v lazy_a as_o to_o that_o laborious_a employment_n have_v mean_n otherwise_o to_o live_v and_o employ_v themselves_o and_o thereupon_o enhance_a the_o price_n of_o their_o fish_n to_o such_o a_o excess_n as_o in_o effect_n prove_v the_o give_v away_o of_o that_o trade_n to_o the_o french_a who_o by_o our_o aforesaid_a impolitic_a management_n of_o that_o trade_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v able_a to_o under-sell_a we_o at_o all_o market_n abroad_o and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o those_o that_o can_v sell_v cheap_a will_v have_v the_o trade_n 5._o this_o kingdom_n be_v a_o island_n it_o be_v our_o interest_n as_o well_o for_o our_o preservation_n as_o our_o profit_n not_o only_o to_o have_v many_o seaman_n but_o to_o have_v they_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v within_o call_v in_o a_o time_n of_o danger_n now_o the_o fish_n ship_n go_v out_o in_o march_n and_o return_v home_o for_o england_n in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n yearly_o and_o there_o be_v employ_v in_o that_o trade_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o ship_n which_o may_v carry_v about_o ten_o thousand_o seaman_n fisherman_n and_o shore_n man_n as_o they_o usual_o call_v the_o
offend_v with_o i_o i_o dare_v undertake_v that_o this_o will_v never_o spoil_v but_o mend_v their_o marriage_n beside_o the_o great_a good_n it_o will_v bring_v to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o their_o posterity_n after_o they_o whether_o they_o prove_v to_o be_v nobleman_n gentleman_n or_o merchant_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v in_o several_a place_n of_o my_o ensue_a treatise_n refer_v to_o some_o tract_n i_o former_o publish_v upon_o this_o subject_n which_o be_v now_o whole_o out_o of_o print_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o re-print_n and_o annex_v unto_o this_o which_o at_o first_o i_o intend_v not_o some_o there_o be_v who_o will_v grant_v that_o abatement_n of_o interest_n if_o it_o can_v be_v effect_v will_v procure_v to_o the_o nation_n all_o the_o good_a that_o i_o allege_v it_o will_v bring_v with_o it_o but_o say_v it_o be_v not_o practicable_a or_o at_o least_o not_o now_o 1._o a_o needless_a scruple_n and_o contradictory_n to_o experience_n for_o first_o a_o law_n have_v abate_v interest_n in_o england_n three_o time_n within_o these_o few_o year_n already_o and_o what_o shall_v hinder_v its_o effect_n now_o more_o than_o former_o 2._o if_o a_o law_n will_v not_o do_v it_o why_o do_v the_o usurer_n raise_v such_o a_o dust_n and_o engage_v so_o many_o friend_n to_o oppose_v the_o pass_n of_o a_o act_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o true_a reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v that_o a_o law_n will_v certain_o do_v it_o as_o it_o have_v do_v already_o though_o they_o will_v persuade_v other_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o it_o be_v doubt_v we_o have_v not_o money_n enough_o in_o england_n beside_o what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n as_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o riches_n in_o general_a i_o shall_v here_o give_v some_o further_a reason_n of_o probability_n which_o be_v the_o best_a that_o can_v be_v expect_v in_o this_o case_n to_o prove_v that_o we_o have_v now_o much_o more_o money_n in_o england_n then_o we_o have_v twenty_o year_n past_a notwithstanding_o the_o seem_a scarcity_n at_o present_a if_o i_o shall_v look_v further_o back_o then_o twenty_o year_n the_o argument_n will_v be_v strong_a on_o my_o side_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n great_a and_o more_o perspicuous_a but_o i_o shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o that_o time_n which_o be_v within_o most_o man_n memory_n 1._o we_o give_v general_o now_o one_o three_o more_o money_n with_o apprentice_n than_o we_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a 2._o notwithstanding_o the_o decay_n and_o loss_n of_o sundry_a trade_n and_o manufacture_n yet_o in_o the_o gross_a we_o ship_n off_o now_o one_o three_o part_n more_o of_o the_o manufacture_n as_o also_o lead_v and_o tin_n than_o we_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a which_o be_v a_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o a_o proof_n of_o our_o increase_n of_o money_n if_o any_o doubt_v this_o if_o they_o please_v to_o consult_v mr_n diâ—kins_n surveyor_n of_o his_o majesty_n custom_n who_o be_v the_o best_a able_a i_o know_v live_v and_o have_v take_v the_o most_o pain_n in_o these_o calculation_n he_o may_v be_v satisfactory_o resolve_v 3._o house_n new_o build_v in_o london_n yield_v twice_o the_o rent_n they_o do_v before_o the_o fire_n and_o house_n general_o immediate_o before_o the_o fire_n yield_v about_o one_o four_o part_n more_o rent_n than_o they_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a 4._o the_o speedy_a and_o costly_a building_n of_o london_n be_v a_o convince_a and_o to_o stranger_n a_o amaze_a argument_n of_o the_o plenty_n and_o late_o increase_v of_o money_n in_o england_n 5._o we_o have_v now_o more_o than_o double_a the_o quantity_n of_o merchant_n ship_n we_o have_v twenty_o year_n past_a 6._o the_o course_n of_o our_o trade_n from_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o money_n be_v strange_o alter_v within_o these_o twenty_o year_n most_o payment_n from_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n be_v now_o make_v with_o ready_a money_n whereas_o former_o the_o course_n of_o our_o general_a trade_n run_v at_o three_o six_o nine_o twelve_o and_o eighteen_o month_n time_n but_o if_o this_o case_n be_v so_o clear_a some_o may_v ask_v i_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n complain_v so_o much_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n especial_o in_o the_o country_n my_o answer_n to_o this_o query_n be_v viz._n 1._o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o frailty_n and_o corruption_n of_o (null)_o nature_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o present_a and_o commend_v the_o time_n past_a so_o say_v they_o of_o old_a the_o former_a day_n be_v better_a than_o these_o and_o i_o can_v say_v in_o truth_n upon_o my_o own_o memory_n that_o man_n do_v complain_v as_o much_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n ever_o since_o i_o know_v the_o world_n as_o they_o do_v now_o nay_o the_o very_a same_o person_n that_o now_o complain_v of_o this_o and_o commend_v that_o time_n 2._o and_o more_o particular_o this_o complaint_n proceed_v from_o many_o man_n find_n themselves_o uneasy_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o religion_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n when_o they_o be_v discontent_v at_o one_o thing_n to_o complain_v of_o all_o and_o principal_o to_o utter_v their_o discontent_n and_o complaint_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o popular_a those_o that_o hate_v a_o man_n for_o some_o one_o cause_n will_v seldom_o allow_v of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a in_o he_o and_o some_o that_o be_v angry_a with_o one_o person_n or_o thing_n will_v find_v fault_n with_o other_o that_o give_v they_o no_o offence_n like_o peevish_a person_n that_o meet_v discontent_n abroad_o come_v home_n quarrel_n with_o their_o wife_n child_n servant_n etc._n etc._n 3._o and_o more_o especial_o this_o complaint_n in_o the_o country_n proceed_v from_o the_o late_a practice_n of_o bring_v up_o the_o tax-money_n in_o wagon_n to_o london_n which_o do_v doubtless_o cause_v a_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o the_o country_n 4._o and_o principal_o this_o seem_a scarcity_n of_o money_n proceed_v from_o the_o trade_n of_o banker_a which_o obstruct_v circulation_n advance_v usury_n and_o render_v it_o so_o easy_a that_o most_o man_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v make_v up_o a_o sum_n of_o 50_o l._n or_o a_o 100_o l._n send_v it_o into_o the_o goldsmith_n which_o do_v and_o will_v occasion_v while_o it_o last_v that_o fatal_a press_a necessity_n for_o money_n so_o visible_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o to_o prince_n and_o people_n from_o what_o have_v be_v last_o say_v it_o appear_v the_o matter_n in_o england_n be_v prepare_v for_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n which_o as_o sir_n henry_n blunt_n a_o honourable_a member_n of_o his_o majesty_n council_n of_o trade_n well_o say_v before_o the_o lord_n at_o the_o debate_n be_v the_o unum_n magnum_n towards_o the_o prosperity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v a_o generative_a good_a and_o will_v bring_v many_o other_o good_a thing_n with_o it_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o two_o or_o three_o request_n to_o the_o reader_n 1._o that_o he_o will_v read_v and_o consider_v what_o he_o read_v with_o a_o entire_a love_n to_o his_o country_n void_a of_o private_a interest_n and_o former_a ill_a ground_a impression_n receive_v into_o his_o mind_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o this_o principle_n 2._o that_o he_o will_v read_v all_o mind_v the_o matter_n not_o the_o stile_n before_o he_o make_v a_o judgement_n 3._o that_o in_o all_o his_o meditation_n upon_o these_o principle_n he_o will_v wary_o distinguish_v between_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v always_o parallel_n that_o frequent_o they_o run_v counter_a one_o to_o the_o other_o although_o most_o man_n by_o their_o education_n and_o business_n have_v fix_v their_o eye_n and_o aim_v whole_o upon_o the_o former_a do_v usual_o confound_v these_o two_o in_o their_o thought_n and_o discourse_n of_o trade_n or_o else_o mistake_v the_o former_a for_o the_o latter_a from_o which_o false_a measure_n have_v proceed_v many_o vulgar_a error_n in_o trade_n some_o whereof_o by_o reason_n of_o man_n frequent_a mistake_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v become_v almost_o proverbial_a and_o often_o hear_v out_o of_o the_o mouth_n not_o only_o of_o the_o common_a people_n but_o of_o man_n that_o may_v know_v better_o if_o they_o will_v due_o consider_v the_o aforesaid_a distinction_n some_o of_o the_o say_v common_a proverbial_a error_n be_v viz._n 1._o vulgar_a error_n we_o have_v too_o many_o merchant_n already_o 2._o the_o stock_n of_o england_n be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n 3._o no_o man_n shall_v exercise_v two_o calling_n 4._o especial_o no_o shopkeeper_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o merchant_n 5._o luxury_n and_o some_o excess_n may_v be_v
answer_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a question_n wherein_o want_n of_o charity_n be_v assign_v for_o another_o cause_n why_o the_o poor_a be_v now_o so_o much_o neglect_v i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o scandalous_a ungrounded_a accusation_n of_o our_o contemporary_n except_o in_o relation_n to_o building_n of_o church_n which_o i_o confess_v this_o generation_n be_v not_o so_o prophense_o to_o as_o former_a have_v be_v for_o most_o that_o i_o converss_n with_o be_v not_o so_o much_o trouble_v to_o part_n with_o their_o money_n as_o how_o to_o place_v it_o that_o it_o may_v do_v good_a and_o not_o hurt_v to_o the_o kingdom_n for_o if_o they_o give_v to_o the_o beggar_n in_o the_o street_n or_o at_o their_o door_n they_o fear_v they_o may_v do_v hurt_v by_o encourage_v that_o lazy_a unprofitable_a kind_n of_o life_n and_o if_o they_o give_v more_o than_o their_o proportion_n in_o their_o respective_a parish_n that_o they_o say_v be_v but_o give_v to_o the_o rich_a for_o the_o poor_a be_v not_o set_v on_o work_n thereby_o nor_o have_v the_o more_o give_v they_o but_o only_o their_o rich_a neighbour_n pay_v the_o less_o and_o for_o what_o be_v give_v in_o church_n to_o the_o visit_v poor_a and_o to_o such_o as_o be_v impoverish_v by_o the_o fire_n we_o have_v hear_v of_o so_o many_o and_o great_a abuse_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o charity_n that_o most_o man_n be_v under_o sad_a discouragement_n in_o relation_n thereunto_o i_o write_v not_o this_o to_o divert_v any_o man_n from_o work_n of_o charity_n of_o any_o kind_n he_o that_o give_v to_o any_o in_o want_n do_v well_o but_o he_o that_o give_v to_o employ_v and_o educate_v the_o poor_a so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o useful_a to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o my_o judgement_n do_v better_a and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n not_o to_o leave_v man_n at_o a_o loss_n how_o to_o dispose_v of_o what_o god_n shall_v incline_v their_o heart_n to_o give_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o poor_a i_o think_v it_o not_o impertinent_a to_o propose_v the_o hospital_n of_o this_o city_n and_o poor_a labour_a people_n that_o have_v many_o child_n and_o make_v a_o hard_a shift_n to_o sustain_v they_o by_o their_o industry_n whereof_o there_o be_v multitude_n in_o the_o out_o part_n of_o this_o city_n as_o the_o best_a object_n of_o charity_n at_o present_a but_o to_o return_v to_o my_o purpose_n viz._n to_o prove_v that_o the_o want_n of_o charity_n likewise_o that_o be_v now_o and_o always_o have_v be_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o poor_a proceed_v from_o a_o defect_n in_o our_o law_n ask_v any_o charitable_a mind_a man_n as_o he_o go_v along_o the_o street_n of_o london_n view_v the_o poor_a viz._n boy_n girl_n man_n and_o woman_n of_o all_o age_n and_o many_o in_o good_a health_n etc._n etc._n why_o he_o and_o other_o do_v not_o take_v care_n for_o the_o set_v those_o poor_a creature_n to_o work_n will_v he_o not_o ready_o answer_v that_o he_o wish_v hearty_o it_o can_v be_v do_v though_o it_o cost_v he_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o estate_n but_o he_o be_v but_o one_o man_n and_o can_v do_v nothing_o towards_o it_o give_v they_o money_n as_o have_v bâ—en_o say_v be_v but_o to_o bring_v â—hem_fw-mi into_o a_o like_n and_o continuance_n in_o that_o way_n the_o second_o question_n than_o be_v question_v 2._o wherein_o lie_v the_o defect_n of_o our_o present_a law_n relate_v to_o the_o poor_a i_o answer_v that_o there_o may_v be_v many_o but_o i_o shall_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o one_o only_a which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v fundamental_a and_o which_o until_o alter_v the_o poor_a in_o england_n can_v never_o be_v well_o provide_v for_o or_o employ_v and_o that_o when_o the_o say_v fundamental_a error_n be_v well_o amend_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a they_o shall_v lack_v either_o work_n or_o maintenance_n the_o say_v radical_a error_n i_o esteem_v to_o be_v the_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o care_n of_o every_o parish_n to_o maintain_v their_o own_o poor_a only_o upon_o which_o follow_v the_o shift_a off_o send_v or_o whip_v back_o the_o poor_a wanderer_n to_o the_o place_n of_o their_o birth_n or_o laâ—t_n abide_v the_o practice_n whereof_o i_o have_v see_v many_o year_n in_o london_n to_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o ever_o it_o will_v which_o be_v just_o nothing_o of_o good_a to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n or_o the_o poor_a thereof_o though_o it_o be_v sometime_o by_o accident_n to_o some_o of_o they_o a_o punishment_n without_o effect_n i_o say_v without_o effect_n because_o it_o reform_v not_o the_o party_n nor_o despose_v the_o mind_n of_o other_o to_o obedience_n which_o be_v the_o true_a end_n of_o all_o punishment_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o poor_a idle_a person_n that_o will_v not_o work_v or_o that_o no_o body_n will_v employ_v in_o the_o country_n come_v up_o to_o london_n to_o set_v up_o the_o trade_n of_o beg_v such_o a_o person_n probable_o may_v beg_v up_o and_o down_o the_o street_n seven_o year_n it_o may_v be_v seven_o and_o twenty_o before_o any_o body_n ask_v why_o she_o do_v so_o and_o if_o at_o length_n she_o have_v the_o ill_a hap_n in_o some_o parish_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o more_o vigilant_a beadle_n then_o one_o of_o twenty_o of_o they_o be_v all_o he_o do_v be_v but_o to_o lead_v she_o the_o length_n of_o five_o or_o six_o house_n into_o another_o parish_n and_o then_o conclude_v as_o his_o master_n the_o parishioner_n do_v that_o he_o have_v do_v the_o part_n of_o a_o most_o diligent_a officer_n but_o suppose_v he_o shall_v yet_o go_v further_o to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o line_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o perfect_a execution_n of_o his_o office_n that_o be_v suppose_v he_o shall_v carry_v this_o poor_a wretch_n to_o a_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o he_o shall_v order_v the_o delinquent_n to_o be_v whip_v and_o send_v from_o parish_n to_o parish_n to_o the_o place_n of_o her_o birth_n or_o last_o abide_v which_o not_o one_o justice_n of_o twenty_o through_o pity_n or_o other_o cause_n will_v do_v even_o this_o be_v a_o great_a charge_n upon_o the_o country_n and_o yet_o the_o business_n of_o the_o nation_n itself_o whole_o undo_v â—_o for_o no_o soon_o do_v the_o delinquent_n arrive_v at_o the_o place_n assign_v but_o for_o shame_n or_o idleness_n she_o present_o desert_n it_o and_o wander_v direct_o back_o or_o some_o other_o way_n hope_v for_o better_a fortune_n whilst_o the_o parish_n to_o which_o she_o be_v send_v know_v she_o a_o lazy_a and_o perhaps_o a_o worse_o quality_v person_n be_v as_o willing_a to_o be_v rid_v of_o she_o as_o she_o be_v to_o be_v go_v from_o thence_o if_o it_o be_v here_o retort_v upon_o i_o that_o by_o my_o own_o confession_n much_o of_o this_o mischief_n happen_v by_o the_o non_fw-la or_o ill_a execution_n of_o the_o law_n i_o say_v better_a execution_n than_o you_o have_v see_v you_o must_v not_o expect_v and_o there_o be_v never_o a_o good_a law_n make_v that_o be_v not_o well_o execute_v the_o fault_n of_o the_o law_n cause_v a_o failure_n of_o execution_n iâ—_n be_v natural_a to_o all_o man_n to_o use_v the_o remedy_n next_o at_o hand_n and_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o shift_v the_o evil_a from_o their_o own_o door_n which_o in_o regard_n they_o can_v so_o easy_o do_v by_o threaten_v or_o thrust_v a_o poor_a body_n out_o of_o the_o verge_n of_o their_o own_o parish_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a and_o vain_a to_o hopâ—_n that_o ever_o it_o will_v be_v otherwise_o for_o the_o law_n against_o inmate_n and_o empower_v the_o parishioner_n to_o take_v security_n before_o they_o suffer_v any_o poor_a person_n to_o inhabit_v among_o they_o it_o may_v be_v they_o be_v prudent_a constitution_n at_o the_o time_n they_o be_v make_v and_o before_o england_n be_v a_o place_n of_o trade_n and_o may_v be_v so_o still_o in_o some_o country_n but_o i_o be_o sure_a in_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o trade_n they_o be_v altogether_o improper_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o city_n and_o trade_n town_n abroad_o the_o riches_n of_o a_o city_n as_o of_o a_o nation_n consist_v in_o the_o multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n and_o if_o so_o you_o must_v allow_v inmate_n or_o have_v a_o city_n of_o cottage_n and_o if_o a_o right_a course_n be_v take_v for_o the_o sustentation_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o set_v they_o on_o work_n you_o need_v invent_v no_o stratagem_n to_o keep_v they_o out_o but_o rather_o to_o bring_v they_o in_o for_o the_o resort_n of_o poor_a to_o a_o city_n or_o nation_n well_o manage_v be_v in_o effect_n the_o conflux_n of_o riches_n to_o that_o city_n or_o nation_n and_o therefore_o the_o subtle_a dutch_a receive_v and_o relieve_v or_o employ_v all_o that_o come_v to_o they_o not_o inquire_v
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ajacent_a have_v increase_v to_o almost_o double_a within_o this_o sixty_o year_n and_o that_o city_n have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o a_o index_n of_o the_o whole_a i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o although_o london_n have_v so_o increase_v other_o part_n have_v as_o much_o diminish_v whereof_o some_o be_v name_v before_o but_o if_o to_o answer_v the_o diminution_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o some_o particular_a place_n it_o be_v consider_v how_o other_o be_v increase_v viz_o yarmouth_n hull_n scarbrough_n and_o other_o port_n in_o the_o north_n as_o also_o liverpoole_n westchester_n and_o bristol_n portsmouth_n lime_n and_o plymouth_n and_o withal_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v what_o great_a improvement_n have_v be_v make_v these_o last_o sixty_o year_n upon_o break_v up_o and_o enclose_v of_o waste_v forest_n and_o park_n and_o drain_n of_o the_o fen_n and_o all_o those_o place_n inhabit_v and_o furnish_v with_o husbandry_n etc._n etc._n then_o i_o think_v it_o will_v appear_v 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calling_n and_o as_o true_a to_o the_o present_a government_n as_o any_o church_n of_o england_n man_n whatsoever_o i_o say_v admit_v all_o that_o and_o i_o can_v upon_o this_o occasion_n forbear_v to_o say_v what_o i_o have_v often_o declare_v that_o i_o do_v believe_v that_o the_o protestant_a dissenter_n be_v to_o a_o man_n throughout_o england_n true_a to_o that_o government_n which_o the_o divine_a providence_n have_v most_o merciful_o &_o miraculous_o set_v over_o we_o yet_o you_o be_v private_a subject_n and_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o your_o own_o conscience_n you_o be_v not_o to_o disturb_v the_o present_a government_n settle_v by_o your_o lawful_a legislator_n but_o must_v allow_v they_o your_o governor_n the_o liberty_n of_o their_o conscience_n in_o settle_v the_o national_a church_n or_o you_o be_v unjust_a in_o the_o sight_n of_o god_n and_o man_n when_o you_o be_v call_v to_o the_o parliament_n than_o you_o will_v have_v the_o freedom_n of_o declare_v your_o opinion_n 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consequent_o he_o reckon_v they_o two_o trade_n among_o other_o lose_v in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n so_o great_a a_o mistake_n that_o i_o dare_v affirm_v and_o appeal_v to_o the_o record_n of_o the_o customhouse_n book_n for_o a_o judgement_n in_o this_o case_n that_o those_o two_o trade_n as_o to_o our_o native_a exportation_n be_v more_o than_o treeble_v within_o less_o than_o 30._o year_n page_n 21._o he_o say_v that_o if_o wage_n etc._n etc._n be_v as_o cheap_a and_o usury_n as_o low_a with_o we_o as_o in_o holland_n yet_o if_o our_o merchant_n live_v at_o so_o great_a a_o rate_n as_o now_o they_o do_v how_o be_v it_o possible_a we_o shall_v thrive_v on_o as_o easy_a gain_n as_o those_o who_o spend_v so_o much_o less_o and_o trade_n so_o much_o more_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n will_v engage_v our_o merchant_n to_o spend_v less_o and_o trade_n more_o than_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n for_o the_o subdue_a of_o interest_n will_v bring_v in_o 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which_o be_v a_o trick_n have_v be_v try_v so_o often_o in_o spain_n till_o it_o have_v leave_v they_o more_o black_a money_n as_o they_o call_v it_o then_o white_a or_o yellow_a notwithstanding_o their_o silver_n mine_n in_o peru_n and_o mexico_n and_o that_o their_o law_n make_v it_o death_n to_o export_v gold_n or_o silver_n this_o conceit_n i_o have_v know_v three_o time_n experience_v likewise_o in_o portugal_n within_o this_o 24_o or_o 25_o year_n at_o first_o the_o piece_n of_o 8_o rial_n go_v at_o 400_o ries_z after_z that_o be_v bring_v to_o 480_o after_o that_o to_o 520_o and_o now_o to_o 600_o ries_z and_o yet_o still_o we_o bring_v their_o money_n from_o they_o as_o heretofore_o and_o sell_v our_o commodity_n to_o they_o for_o as_o much_o silver_n as_o ever_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a suppose_v for_o example_n a_o hat_n that_o be_v usual_o sell_v to_o they_o for_o 4_o piece_n of_o 8_o when_o the_o piece_n of_o 8_o be_v at_o 400_o ries_z we_o then_o sell_v such_o a_o 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little_a as_o not_o to_o know_v that_o he_o that_o will_v faithful_o serve_v his_o country_n must_v be_v content_a to_o pass_v through_o good_a report_n and_o evil_a report_n neither_o regard_n i_o which_o i_o meet_v with_o truth_n i_o be_o sure_a at_o last_o will_v vindicate_v itself_o and_o be_v find_v by_o my_o countryman_n yet_o before_o i_o conclude_v this_o preface_n i_o must_v needs_o take_v notice_n of_o one_o thing_n to_o be_v wonder_v at_o viz._n that_o some_o have_v the_o confidence_n public_o to_o assert_v before_o the_o lord_n when_o this_o controversy_n be_v debate_v before_o their_o lordship_n that_o when_o interest_n be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-la cenâ—_n land_n be_v sell_v at_o 20_o year_n purchase_n a_o strange_a presumptuous_a and_o incredible_a assertion_n against_o
record_n against_o experience_n and_o against_o reason_n to_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o their_o lordship_n will_v be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o full_a confutation_n out_o of_o their_o own_o memorial_n before_o this_o be_v make_v public_a and_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o will_v any_o man_n believe_v that_o our_o father_n be_v so_o stupid_a as_o to_o lay_v out_o their_o money_n in_o land_n not_o to_o see_v it_o again_o in_o twenty_o year_n when_o at_o single_a interest_n at_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n they_o may_v double_v their_o money_n in_o 10_o year_n at_o interest_n upon_o interest_n in_o seven_o year_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o person_n of_o very_a great_a honour_n that_o this_o gentleman_n himself_o in_o his_o private_a discourse_n confess_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n but_o he_o question_n whether_o it_o will_v increase_v trade_n certain_o a_o needless_a scruple_n to_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v deliberate_o consider_v the_o inseparable_a affinity_n that_o be_v in_o all_o nation_n and_o at_o all_o time_n between_o land_n and_o trade_n which_o be_v twin_n and_o have_v always_o and_o ever_o will_v wax_v and_o wane_n together_o it_o can_v be_v ill_o with_o trade_n but_o land_n will_v fall_v nor_o ill_a with_o land_n but_o trade_n will_v feel_v it_o but_o in_o regard_n this_o gentleman_n be_v so_o miserable_o mistake_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n which_o he_o reckon_v as_o lose_v i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v useful_a to_o inform_v he_o and_o other_o better_a what_o trade_n be_v real_o lose_v and_o inquire_v how_o we_o come_v to_o loose_v they_o and_o what_o trade_n we_o still_o retain_v and_o why_o and_o of_o both_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v because_o i_o have_v say_v something_o of_o they_o in_o the_o follow_a treatise_n of_o trade_n lose_v 1._o the_o russia_n trade_n where_o the_o dutch_a have_v last_o year_n 22_o sail_n of_o great_a ship_n and_o the_o english_a but_o one_o whereas_o former_o we_o have_v more_o of_o that_o trade_n then_o the_o dutch._n 2._o the_o green-land_n trade_n where_o the_o dutch_a and_o hamburger_n have_v yearly_a at_o least_o 4_o or_o 500_o sail_n of_o ship_n and_o the_o english_a but_o one_o the_o last_o year_n and_o none_o the_o former_a 3._o the_o great_a trade_n of_o salt_n from_o st_n vual_v in_o portugal_n and_o from_o france_n with_o salt_n wine_n and_o brandy_n to_o the_o eastland_n 4._o all_o that_o vast_a and_o notorious_a trade_n of_o fish_v for_o white-herring_n upon_o our_o own_o coast._n 5._o the_o east-country_n trade_n in_o which_o we_o have_v not_o half_a so_o much_o to_o do_v as_o we_o have_v former_o and_o the_o dutch_a ten_o time_n more_o than_o they_o have_v in_o time_n past_a 6._o a_o very_a great_a part_n of_o our_o trade_n for_o spanish-wooll_n from_o bilvao_n these_o trade_n and_o some_o more_o i_o can_v name_v the_o dutch_a interest_n of_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o narrow_a limit_v company_n in_o england_n have_v beat_v we_o out_o of_o 7._o the_o east-india_n trade_n for_o nutmeg_n clove_n and_o mace_n a_o extraordinary_a profitable_a trade_n the_o dutch_a arm_n and_o sleight_n have_v beat_v we_o out_o of_o but_o their_o low_a interest_n give_v strength_n to_o their_o arm_n and_o acuteness_n to_o their_o invention_n 8._o their_o great_a trade_n for_o china_n and_o japan_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o share_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o their_o low_a interest_n those_o trade_n not_o be_v to_o be_v obtain_v but_o by_o a_o long_a process_n and_o great_a disburstment_n destitute_a of_o present_a but_o with_o expectation_n of_o future_a gain_n which_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n can_v bear_v 9_o the_o trade_n of_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n two_o of_o our_o own_o kingdom_n the_o dutch_a have_v bereave_v we_o of_o and_o in_o effect_n whole_o engross_v to_o themselves_o which_o their_o low_a interest_n have_v be_v the_o principal_a engine_n though_o i_o know_v other_o accident_n have_v contribute_v thereunto_o whereof_o more_o hereafter_o 10._o the_o trade_n for_o norway_n be_v in_o great_a part_n lose_v to_o the_o dane_n holstener_n etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n of_o some_o clause_n in_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n whereof_o more_o in_o due_a place_n 11._o a_o very_a great_a part_n of_o the_o french_a trade_n for_o exportation_n be_v lose_v by_o reason_n of_o great_a imposition_n lay_v there_o upon_o our_o drapery_n 12._o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o plate-trade_n from_o cadiz_n be_v lose_v to_o the_o dutch_a who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o lowness_n of_o their_o interest_n can_v afford_v to_o let_v their_o stock_n lie_v beforehand_o at_o civil_a and_o cadiz_n against_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o spanish_a flota_n who_o sometime_o be_v expect_v 3_o 6_o 9_o and_o 12_o month_n before_o they_o come_v especial_o since_o the_o late_a interruption_n that_o our_o jamaica_n caper_n have_v give_v they_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o engross_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o silver_n whereas_o we_o in_o regard_n our_o stock_n run_v at_o a_o high_a interest_n can_v so_o well_o afford_v to_o keep_v they_o so_o long_o dead_a it_o be_v true_a the_o english_a have_v yet_o a_o share_n in_o this_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o after_o recite_v natural_a advantage_n viz._n woollen-manufacture_n tin_n lead_v fish_n etc._n etc._n inseparable_o annex_v by_o god_n providence_n to_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v true_a likewise_o that_o the_o peace_n at_o munster_n have_v much_o further_v the_o dutch_a in_o that_o affair_n but_o as_o true_a it_o be_v that_o their_o low_a interest_n have_v enable_v they_o to_o make_v a_o much_o great_a improvement_n and_o advantage_n in_o trade_n by_o that_o peace_n than_o ever_o they_o can_v otherwise_o have_v do_v 13._o the_o trade_n of_o surranham_n since_o the_o dutch_a get_v possession_n of_o that_o country_n in_o the_o late_a war_n be_v so_o total_o lose_v to_o the_o english_a that_o we_o have_v now_o no_o more_o commerce_n with_o that_o country_n than_o we_o shall_v have_v if_o it_o be_v sink_v in_o the_o sea_n so_o severe_a and_o exact_a be_v the_o hollander_n in_o keep_v the_o trade_n of_o their_o own_o plantation_n entire_o to_o their_o own_o people_n 14._o the_o trade_n of_o maenad_n or_o new-york_n we_o shall_v have_v gain_v instead_o of_o the_o former_a since_o we_o get_v possession_n of_o that_o place_n in_o the_o late_a war_n if_o the_o dutch_a have_v not_o be_v connive_v at_o therein_o at_o first_o which_o now_o i_o hope_v they_o be_v not_o for_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v to_o the_o entire_a loss_n of_o that_o trade_n to_o england_n but_o great_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o english_a trade_n to_o virginia_n because_o the_o dutch_a under_o pretence_n of_o trade_n to_o and_o from_o new-york_n carry_v great_a quantity_n of_o virginia_n tobacco_n direct_o for_o holland_n 15._o the_o english_a trade_n to_o guiny_n i_o fear_n be_v much_o decline_v by_o reason_n that_o company_n have_v meet_v with_o discouragement_n from_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_n note_v that_o most_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a trade_n be_v the_o great_a trade_n in_o the_o world_n for_o the_o employment_n of_o ship_n and_o seaman_n 2_o dly_z that_o no_o trade_n deserve_v so_o much_o care_n to_o procrue_v and_o preserve_v and_o encouragement_n to_o prosecute_v as_o those_o that_o employ_v the_o most_o ship_n although_o the_o commoditity_n transport_v be_v of_o small_a value_n in_o themselves_o for_o first_o they_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o profitable_a for_o beside_o the_o gain_n accrue_v by_o the_o good_n the_o freight_n which_o be_v in_o such_o trade_n often_o more_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o good_n be_v all_o profit_n to_o the_o nation_n beside_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o a_o great_a access_n of_o power_n hand_n as_o well_o as_o money_n many_o ship_n and_o seaman_n be_v just_o the_o repute_a strength_n and_o safety_n of_o england_n i_o can_v mention_v more_o trade_n that_o we_o have_v lose_v and_o be_v in_o the_o highway_n to_o loose_v but_o i_o shall_v forbear_v at_o present_a for_o fear_v this_o porch_n shall_v prove_v too_o big_a as_o also_o for_o other_o reason_n the_o trade_n we_o yet_o retain_v be_v one_a for_o fish_n the_o trade_n of_o red-herring_n at_o yarmouth_n pilchard_n in_o the_o west-country_n and_o codfish_n in_o newfoundland_n and_o new-england_n two_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o turkey_n italian_n spanish_a and_o portugal_n trade_n our_o trade_n to_o and_o from_o our_o own_o plantation_n viz._n virginia_n barbadoes_n new-england_n jamaica_n and_o the_o leeward_n island_n if_o any_o shall_v here_o ask_v i_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o dutch_a low_a interest_n have_v not_o casher_v we_o of_o these_o trade_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a i_o shall_v answer_v first_o general_o and_o
then_o particular_o 1._o general_o i_o say_v the_o dutch_a low_a interest_n have_v miserable_o lessen_v we_o in_o all_o trade_n of_o the_o world_n not_o secure_v to_o we_o by_o law_n or_o by_o some_o natural_a advantage_n which_o over-ballanceth_a the_o disproportion_n of_o our_o interest_n of_o money_n which_o disproportion_n i_o take_v to_o be_v 3_o per_fw-la cent_n 2._o particular_o the_o red-herring_n trade_n we_o retain_v by_o reason_n of_o two_o natural_a advantage_n one_o be_v the_o fish_n for_o that_o purpose_n must_v be_v bring_v fresh_a on_o shore_n and_o that_o the_o dutch_a can_v do_v with_o they_o because_o the_o herring_n swim_v on_o our_o coast_n and_o consequent_o at_o too_o great_a a_o distance_n from_o they_o the_o other_o be_v those_o herring_n must_v be_v smoke_v with_o wood_n which_o can_v be_v do_v on_o any_o reasonable_a term_n but_o in_o a_o woody_a country_n such_o as_o england_n be_v and_o holland_n be_v not_o these_o advantage_n that_o god_n have_v give_v our_o land_n do_v counterpoise_v and_o overpoize_v the_o disproportion_n of_o interest_n viz._n 3_o per_fw-la cent_z otherwise_o we_o may_v say_v farewell_o red-herring_n as_o well_o as_o white_a the_o pilchard_n on_o the_o west-coast_n likewise_o come_v to_o our_o shore_n and_o must_v be_v cure_v and_o press_v upon_o the_o land_n which_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o dutch_a to_o do_v the_o newfoundland_n fish_v be_v manage_v by_o west-country-man_n who_o port_n be_v proper_o situate_v for_o that_o country_n and_o the_o country_n itself_o be_v his_o majesty_n so_o the_o dutch_a can_v have_v no_o foot_n there_o if_o they_o can_v 3_o per_fw-la cent_z will_v soon_o send_v we_o home_o to_o keep_v sheep_n as_o to_o the_o turkey_n italian_n spanish_a and_o portugal_n trade_n though_o our_o vent_n for_o fine_a cloth_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o stuff_n be_v decline_v yet_o we_o retain_v a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o those_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o natural_a and_o some_o artificial_a or_o legal_a advantage_n which_o preponderate_v 3_o per_fw-la cent_n such_o as_o these_o 1_o st_o the_o wool_n of_o which_o our_o middling_a and_o coarse_a clothes_n be_v make_v of_o be_v our_o own_o and_o consequent_o cheap_a to_o we_o then_o the_o dutch_a can_v steal_v it_o from_o we_o pay_v freight_n commission_n bribe_n and_o cozenage_n and_o sometime_o arm_a guard_n to_o force_v it_o off_o 2_o dly_z our_o fuel_n and_o victual_n be_v cheap_a in_o remote_a part_n from_o london_n and_o consequent_o our_o manufacturer_n can_v and_o do_v work_v cheap_a than_o the_o dutch_a whatever_o mr_n manley_n erroneous_o affirm_v 3_o dly_z the_o red-herring_n pilchard_n newfoundland_n and_o new-england_n fishery_n by_o which_o we_o carry_v on_o much_o of_o those_o trade_n be_v inseparable_o annex_v to_o this_o kingdom_n as_o before_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o by_o the_o bounty_n of_o god_n almighty_n not_o by_o our_o own_o wisdom_n or_o industry_n 4_o thly_a our_o lead_n and_o tin_n by_o which_o we_o carry_v on_o much_o of_o those_o trade_n be_v native_n with_o we_o 5_o thly_a our_o country_n consume_v within_o itself_o more_o of_o spanish_a wine_n and_o fruit_n zant_n curran_n and_o levant_n oil_n than_o any_o country_n in_o europe_n 6_o thly_a which_o be_v a_o artificial_a advantage_n and_o due_a to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o contriver_n our_o act_n of_o navigation_n compel_v we_o or_o at_o least_o will_v do_v if_o it_o be_v just_o administer_v to_o import_v none_o of_o those_o good_n but_o from_o the_o proper_a port_n of_o their_o imbarkation_n and_o by_o english_a ship_n only_o the_o trade_n to_o and_o from_o all_o our_o own_o plantation_n be_v likewise_o secure_v to_o we_o by_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n or_o will_v be_v if_o that_o act_n be_v true_o execute_v and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o that_o you_o shall_v see_v forty_o dutch_a ship_n at_o our_o own_o plantation_n for_o one_o english_a to_o conclude_v this_o paragraph_n the_o dutch_a low_a interest_n through_o our_o own_o supineness_n have_v rob_v we_o total_o of_o all_o trade_n not_o inseparable_o annex_v to_o this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o benevolence_n of_o divine_a providence_n and_o our_o act_n of_o navigation_n which_o though_o it_o have_v some_o thing_n in_o it_o want_a amendment_n deserve_v to_o be_v call_v our_o charta_fw-la maritima_n insomuch_o as_o with_o shame_n to_o ourselves_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v of_o we_o as_o we_o proverbial_o say_v to_o careless_a person_n they_o have_v lose_v all_o that_o be_v loose_a when_o i_o think_v of_o these_o thing_n i_o can_v but_o wonder_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v english_a man_n who_o want_v not_o bread_n to_o eat_v or_o clothes_n to_o wear_v shall_v be_v yet_o so_o unkind_a and_o hard-hearted_a to_o their_o country_n as_o strenuous_o to_o endeavour_v for_o private_a end_n the_o deprive_v she_o of_o so_o great_a a_o good_a as_o will_v be_v the_o abatement_n of_o our_o interest_n to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z by_o a_o law_n i_o have_v late_o see_v a_o treatise_n write_v about_o thirty_o year_n since_o by_o lewis_n roberts_n merchant_n wherein_o he_o high_o exaggerate_v and_o with_o great_a reason_n the_o wonderful_a advantage_n the_o dutch_a have_v by_o the_o lowness_n of_o their_o custom_n but_o see_v a_o exact_a imitation_n in_o that_o respect_n be_v not_o consistant_fw-la with_o our_o affair_n at_o present_a though_o much_o to_o be_v desire_v in_o due_a time_n i_o insist_v not_o thereupon_o but_o think_v it_o necessary_a by_o the_o way_n to_o make_v this_o true_a animadversion_n viz._n that_o 2_o per_fw-la cent._n extraordinary_a in_o interest_n be_v worse_a than_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n extraordinary_a in_o custom_n because_o custom_n run_v only_o upon_o our_o good_n import_v or_o export_v and_o that_o but_o once_o for_o all_o whereas_o interest_n run_v as_o well_o upon_o our_o ship_n as_o good_n and_o must_v be_v yearly_o pay_v on_o both_o so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v in_o be_v and_o the_o ship_n in_o many_o bulkey_n trade_n and_o such_o as_o be_v national_o most_o profitable_a be_v of_o four_o time_n the_o value_n of_o the_o good_n that_o old_a objection_n about_o widow_n and_o orphan_n i_o have_v i_o think_v full_o answer_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n but_o because_o i_o yet_o sometime_o meet_v with_o it_o i_o shall_v say_v a_o word_n more_o to_o it_o here_o viz._n 1._o widow_n and_o orphan_n be_v not_o one_o to_o twenty_o of_o the_o whole_a people_n and_o it_o be_v the_o wisdom_n of_o lawmaker_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o majority_n of_o people_n though_o a_o minor_a part_n shall_v a_o little_a suffer_v 2._o of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n not_o one_o in_o forty_o will_v suffer_v by_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n for_o these_o reason_n viz._n 1_o st_o of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n nine_o of_o ten_o in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v very_o little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o leave_v they_o by_o their_o decease_a relation_n and_o all_o such_o will_v have_v a_o advantage_n by_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n because_o such_o abatement_n will_v increase_v trade_n and_o in_o consequence_n occasion_v more_o employment_n for_o such_o necessitous_a person_n 2_o dly_z many_o widow_n and_o orphan_n have_v jointure_n annuity_n coppy-holds_a and_o other_o land_n leave_v they_o as_o well_o as_o money_n and_o all_o such_o will_v be_v gainer_n by_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n 3_o dly_z for_o all_o london_n orphan_n the_o city_n give_v not_o now_o above_o 5_o and_o to_o some_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n interest_n so_o the_o loss_n to_o such_o be_v not_o worth_a speak_v of_o 4_o thly_a many_o executor_n be_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o allow_v orphan_n no_o interest_n and_o yet_o justify_v themselves_o by_o law_n to_o such_o orphan_n it_o will_v be_v all_o one_o what_o the_o legal_a rate_n of_o interest_n be_v 5_o thly_a when_o the_o law_n for_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v past_a many_o more_o parent_n will_v leave_v their_o child_n annuity_n and_o estate_n run_v in_o trade_n as_o they_o do_v in_o holland_n and_o italy_n whereby_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v become_v profitable_a not_o prejudicial_a to_o they_o and_o for_o the_o few_o that_o at_o first_o may_v happen_v to_o suffer_v whereof_o the_o number_n will_v be_v very_o small_a and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v name_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v a_o easy_a mean_n within_o their_o own_o power_n to_o prevent_v their_o be_v one_o farthing_n the_o worse_a for_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n it_o be_v but_o wear_v a_o lawn-whisk_n instead_o of_o a_o point_n de_fw-fr venice_n and_o for_o the_o mean_a sort_n a_o serge_n pettycoat_n instead_o of_o a_o silk_n one_o and_o a_o plain_a pair_n of_o shoe_n instead_o of_o lace_a one_o and_o that_o the_o lady_n may_v not_o be_v
to_o impose_v upon_o his_o country_n and_o now_o that_o our_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n as_o the_o same_o worthy_a author_n do_v wise_o foresee_v i_o appeal_v to_o the_o judgement_n and_o experience_n of_o my_o country_n man_n whether_o the_o genuine_a price_n of_o our_o land_n in_o england_n now_o will_v not_o be_v 20_o year_n purchase_v be_v it_o not_o for_o accidental_a pressure_n under_o which_o it_o labour_v at_o present_a such_o as_o these_o 1._o our_o late_a great_a land_n tax_n 2._o and_o principal_o the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n mention_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o that_o country_n now_o supply_v foreign_a market_n as_o well_o as_o our_o own_o plantation_n in_o america_n with_o beef_n pork_n hides_n tallow_n bread_n beer_n wool_n and_o corn_n at_o cheap_a rate_n than_o we_o can_v afford_v to_o the_o beat_v we_o out_o of_o those_o trade_n whereas_o former_o viz._n present_o after_o the_o late_a irish_a war_n many_o man_n get_v good_a estate_n by_o transport_v english_a cattle_n thither_o and_o that_o the_o improvement_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o principal_a cause_n why_o our_o land_n in_o purchase_n rise_v not_o as_o natural_o they_o shall_v with_o the_o fall_n of_o our_o interest_n appear_v evident_o from_o the_o effect_n the_o fall_n of_o interest_n have_v have_v upon_o house_n in_o london_n where_o the_o growth_n of_o ireland_n can_v have_v no_o such_o destructive_a influence_n which_o have_v be_v so_o considerable_a that_o whosoever_o will_v please_v to_o inform_v themselves_o by_o old_a scrivener_n or_o ancient_a deed_n shall_v find_v that_o a_o house_n in_o london_n about_o fifty_o year_n past_a that_o will_v sell_v but_o for_o 300_o l._n at_o most_o will_v ready_o sell_v within_o a_o short_a time_n afâ—er_o interest_n be_v bring_v to_o 8_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o 5_o or_o 600_o l._n and_o the_o same_o house_n to_o be_v sell_v sometime_o after_o interest_n be_v bring_v to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n viz._n before_o and_o after_o the_o late_a dutch_a war_n will_v have_v yield_v without_o scruple_n 1000_o or_o 1200_o l._n the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n have_v have_v a_o double_a effect_n upon_o house_n by_o increase_a trade_n and_o consequent_o raise_v rent_n as_o well_o as_o increase_n the_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v 3._o a_o three_o reason_n why_o land_n do_v not_o at_o present_a bear_v a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o shall_v natural_o be_v twenty_o year_n be_v the_o late_a plague_n which_o do_v much_o depopulate_v this_o kingdom_n 4._o the_o late_a fire_n in_o london_n which_o have_v engage_v man_n in_o building_n in_o the_o city_n who_o otherwise_o will_v have_v be_v purchase_v in_o the_o country_n 5._o the_o unusual_a plenty_n of_o corn_n which_o have_v be_v for_o these_o three_o or_o four_o year_n pass_v in_o most_o part_n of_o christendom_n the_o like_a whereof_o have_v be_v seldom_o know_v it_o happen_v most_o common_o that_o when_o one_o country_n have_v have_v great_a plenty_n other_o have_v have_v great_a scarcity_n 6._o the_o rack_a up_o of_o rent_n in_o the_o year_n 1651._o and_o 1652._o which_o be_v present_o after_o the_o last_o abatement_n of_o interest_n a_o seven_o accidental_a reason_n why_o land_n do_v not_o sell_v at_o present_a at_o the_o rate_n it_o natural_o shall_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o legal_a interest_n be_v that_o innovate_v practice_n of_o banker_n in_o london_n which_o have_v more_o effect_n attend_v it_o then_o most_o i_o converse_v with_o have_v yet_o observe_v but_o i_o shall_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o only_a which_o be_v to_o my_o present_a purpose_n viz._n the_o gentleman_n that_o be_v banker_n have_v a_o large_a interest_n from_o his_o majesty_n for_o what_o they_o advance_v upon_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n can_v afford_v to_o give_v the_o full_a legal_a interest_n to_o all_o person_n that_o put_v money_n into_o their_o hand_n though_o for_o never_o so_o short_a or_o long_o a_o time_n which_o make_v the_o trade_n of_o usury_n so_o easy_a and_o hitherto_o safe_a that_o few_o after_o have_v find_v the_o sweetness_n of_o this_o lazy_a way_n of_o improvement_n be_v by_o continuance_n and_o success_n grow_v to_o fancy_n themselves_o secure_a in_o it_o can_v be_v lead_v there_o be_v neither_o ease_n nor_o profit_n to_o invite_v they_o to_o lay_v out_o their_o money_n in_o land_n though_o at_o 15_o year_n purchase_v whereas_o before_o this_o way_n of_o private_a banker_a come_n up_o man_n that_o have_v money_n be_v force_v ofttimes_o to_o let_v it_o lie_v dead_a by_o they_o until_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o security_n to_o their_o mind_n and_o if_o the_o like_a necessity_n be_v now_o of_o money_n lie_v dead_a the_o loss_n of_o use_n for_o the_o dead_a time_n be_v deduct_v from_o the_o profit_n of_o 6_o l._n per_fw-la cent_z communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la will_v in_o effect_n take_v off_o 1_o l._n per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o the_o profit_n of_o usury_n and_o consequent_o incline_v man_n more_o to_o purchase_v land_n in_o regard_n the_o difference_n between_o usury_n and_o purchase_n will_v not_o in_o point_n of_o profit_n be_v so_o great_a as_o now_o it_o be_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o cashcire_v have_v in_o my_o opinion_n clear_o better_v the_o usurer_n trade_n 1_o or_o 2_o per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o that_o this_o way_n of_o leave_v money_n with_o goldsmith_n have_v have_v the_o aforesaid_a effect_n seem_v evident_a to_o i_o from_o the_o scarcity_n it_o make_v of_o money_n in_o the_o country_n for_o the_o trade_n of_o banker_n be_v only_o in_o london_n do_v very_o much_o drain_v the_o ready_a money_n from_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o second_o point_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o it_o will_v advance_v the_o rent_n of_o farm_n to_o prove_v that_o it_o do_v so_o in_o fact_n depend_v on_o memory_n and_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o and_o most_o other_o i_o converse_v with_o do_v perfect_o remember_v that_o rent_n do_v general_o rise_v after_o the_o late_a abatement_n of_o interest_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1651._o and_o 1652._o the_o reason_n why_o they_o do_v so_o be_v from_o the_o encouragement_n which_o that_o abatement_n of_o interest_n give_v to_o landlord_n and_o tenant_n to_o improve_v by_o draining_n marling_n lime_a etc._n etc._n excellent_o make_v out_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a two_o worthy_a author_n so_o that_o i_o do_v i_o think_v with_o good_a reason_n conclude_v that_o the_o present_a fall_n of_o rent_n be_v not_o natural_a but_o accidental_a and_o to_o be_v ascribe_v principal_o to_o the_o foregoing_a reason_n give_v for_o the_o present_a abatement_n of_o land_n in_o purchase_n and_o especial_o to_o the_o late_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n the_o three_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v increase_v the_o bulk_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o i_o do_v thus_o by_o evidence_n of_o fact_n it_o have_v be_v so_o in_o england_n the_o increase_n of_o our_o trade_n have_v always_o follow_v the_o abatement_n of_o our_o interest_n by_o law_n i_o say_v not_o precede_v but_o follow_v it_o and_o the_o cause_n do_v always_o go_v before_o the_o effect_n which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v evident_o demonstrate_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n if_o any_o doubt_n of_o this_o and_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v the_o custom-house_n book_n they_o may_v soon_o be_v resolve_v 2._o by_o authority_n not_o only_o of_o that_o ancient_a gentleman_n sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n in_o his_o second_o treatise_n and_o therein_o of_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o court_n in_o a_o edict_n there_o recite_v but_o likewise_o of_o a_o parliament_n of_o england_n king_n lord_n &_o commons_o in_o the_o act_n for_o reduce_v it_o to_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z in_o the_o preamble_n whereof_o be_v these_o word_n viz._n forasmuch_o as_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 10_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o former_a time_n have_v be_v find_v by_o notable_a experience_n beneficial_a to_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o good_a husbandry_n with_o many_o other_o considerable_a advantage_n to_o this_o nation_n especial_o the_o reduce_n of_o it_o to_o a_o near_a proportion_n with_o foreign_a state_n with_o who_o we_o traffic_n and_o whereas_o in_o fresh_a memory_n the_o like_a fall_n from_o 8_o to_o 6_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o a_o late_a constant_a practice_n have_v find_v the_o like_a success_n to_o the_o general_a contentment_n of_o this_o nation_n as_o be_v visible_a by_o several_a improvement_n etc._n etc._n 3._o by_o necessary_a consequence_n when_o interest_n be_v abate_v they_o who_o call_v in_o their_o money_n must_v either_o buy_v land_n or_o trade_n with_o it_o if_o they_o buy_v land_n the_o many_o
as_o it_o be_v call_v as_o in_o former_a day_n when_o our_o great_a expense_n be_v upon_o our_o belly_n the_o most_o destructive_a consumption_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o nation_n and_o tend_v only_o to_o nourish_v idleness_n luxury_n and_o beggary_n whereas_o that_o other_o kind_n of_o expense_n which_o follow_v trade_n encourage_v labour_n art_n and_o invention_n to_o which_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o add_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n conjoynt_v with_o excise_n upon_o our_o home_n consumption_n if_o the_o late_a can_v be_v hit_v upon_o without_o disturbance_n to_o trade_n or_o danger_n of_o continuation_n be_v two_o of_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a and_o effectual_a sumptuary_n law_n that_o ever_o be_v establish_v in_o any_o nation_n and_o most_o necessitating_a and_o engage_v any_o people_n to_o thriftiness_n the_o high_a road_n to_o riches_n as_o well_o for_o nation_n as_o private_a family_n the_o frugal_a italian_n of_o old_a and_o the_o provident_a dutch_a of_o latter_a time_n i_o think_v have_v give_v the_o world_n a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o this_o theorim_n and_o if_o any_o shall_v tell_v i_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o people_n to_o be_v thrifty_a i_o answer_v all_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v alike_o it_o be_v only_a law_n custom_n and_o education_n that_o differ_v man_n their_o nature_n and_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o all_o people_n in_o the_o world_n proceed_v from_o their_o law_n the_o french_a peasantry_n be_v a_o slavish_a cowardly_a people_n because_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n have_v make_v they_o slave_n the_o french_a gentry_n a_o noble_a valiant_a people_n because_o free_a by_o law_n birth_n and_o education_n in_o england_n we_o be_v all_o free_a subject_n by_o our_o law_n and_o therefore_o our_o people_n prove_v general_o courageous_a the_o dutch_a and_o italian_n be_v both_o frugal_a nation_n though_o their_o climate_n and_o government_n differ_v as_o much_o as_o any_o because_o the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n incline_v they_o to_o thriftiness_n other_o nation_n i_o can_v name_v be_v general_o vain_a &_o prodigal_a not_o by_o nature_n nor_o for_o want_v of_o a_o good_a country_n but_o because_o their_o law_n etc._n etc._n dispose_v they_o so_o to_o be_v the_o six_o proof_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v that_o it_o employ_v the_o poor_a which_o be_v a_o ne-necessary_a consequence_n likewise_o of_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n in_o city_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n in_o the_o country_n which_o be_v well_o and_o true_o demonstrate_v from_o experience_n by_o the_o elder_a and_o young_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n to_o who_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n i_o must_v refer_v the_o reader_n seven_o it_o increase_v the_o people_n of_o a_o nation_n this_o also_o necessary_o follow_v the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n not_o that_o it_o cause_v marry_v man_n to_o get_v more_o child_n but_o 1_o st_o a_o trade_a country_n afford_v comfortable_a subsistance_n to_o more_o family_n than_o a_o country_n destitute_a of_o trade_n be_v the_o reason_n that_o many_o do_v marry_v who_o otherwise_o must_v be_v force_v to_o live_v single_a which_o may_v be_v one_o reason_n why_o few_o people_n of_o either_o sex_n be_v to_o be_v see_v unmarried_a in_o holland_n at_o 25_o year_n of_o age_n then_o may_v be_v find_v in_o england_n at_o 40_o year_n old_a 2_o dly_z where_o there_o be_v much_o employment_n and_o good_a pay_n if_o we_o want_v hand_n of_o our_o own_o we_o shall_v draw_v they_o from_o other_o as_o have_v be_v say_v 3_o dly_z we_o shall_v keep_v our_o own_o people_n at_o home_n which_o otherwise_o for_o want_n of_o employment_n will_v be_v force_v to_o leave_v we_o and_o serve_v other_o nation_n as_o too_o many_o of_o our_o seaman_n shipwrights_a and_o other_o have_v do_v 4_o thly_a our_o land_n and_o trade_n be_v improve_v will_v render_v we_o capable_a not_o only_o of_o employ_v but_o feed_v a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o people_n as_o be_v manifest_a in_o that_o instance_n of_o the_o land_n of_o palestine_n and_o if_o these_o will_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o abate_v interest_n than_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o doubt_n that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o kingdom_n for_o quicquid_fw-la efficit_fw-la tale_n est_fw-la magis_fw-la tale_n now_o to_o answer_v his_o four_o recite_v reason_n viz._n first_o he_o say_v if_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o riches_n no_o country_n will_v be_v poor_a all_o desire_a riches_n rather_o than_o poverty_n and_o all_o have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o state_n their_o interest_n as_o low_a as_o they_o please_v by_o law_n i_o answer_v first_o whatever_o nation_n do_v it_o gradual_o for_o so_o it_o must_v be_v do_v as_o it_o have_v be_v hitherto_o in_o england_n 2_o per_fw-la cent_z being_n enough_o to_o abate_v at_o one_o time_n will_v find_v those_o effect_n i_o have_v mention_v but_o it_o be_v a_o work_n of_o age_n and_o can_v be_v do_v at_o once_o for_o nec_fw-la natura_fw-la aut_fw-la lex_fw-la operantur_fw-la per_fw-la saltum_fw-la second_o it_o be_v great_a imprudence_n to_o imagine_v that_o any_o country_n understand_v their_o true_a interest_n so_o well_o as_o by_o degree_n to_o abate_v use-money_n will_v not_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o wisdom_n be_v lead_v to_o the_o institute_n of_o many_o other_o good_a law_n for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o trade_n as_o our_o parliament_n have_v still_o proceed_v to_o do_v as_o interest_n have_v be_v abate_v his_o second_o reason_n be_v that_o if_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v not_o the_o effect_n of_o riches_n in_o holland_n they_o may_v take_v as_o much_o vse-money_n as_o they_o can_v get_v there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o it_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v former_o law_n in_o holland_n that_o reduce_v interest_n to_o 8_o and_o 6_o and_o afterward_o to_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o since_o in_o the_o year_n 1655._o to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z the_o placart_n for_o which_o i_o have_v see_v and_o have_v be_v tell_v and_o do_v believe_v they_o have_v since_o reduce_v it_o by_o placart_n to_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z as_o to_o their_o cantor_n and_o all_o public_a receipt_n which_o in_o holland_n be_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n as_o if_o they_o have_v make_v a_o general_a law_n for_o it_o because_o the_o most_o of_o their_o receipt_n and_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o and_o out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a public_a office_n or_o else_o into_o and_o out_o of_o their_o bank_n for_o which_o no_o use-money_n be_v allow_v which_o several_a gradual_a and_o successful_a abatement_n of_o interest_n do_v occasion_v their_o riches_n at_o first_o and_o bring_v their_o people_n to_o that_o consistency_n of_o wealth_n that_o they_o have_v since_o wrought_v themselves_o into_o such_o a_o abundance_n that_o there_o be_v more_o lender_n now_o than_a borrower_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v with_o we_o in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o the_o next_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v make_v by_o law_n which_o i_o have_v good_a reason_n to_o conclude_v not_o only_o from_o the_o visible_a operation_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o place_n but_o from_o fact_n and_o experience_n in_o this_o very_a case_n be_v certain_a that_o the_o goldsmith_n in_o london_n can_v have_v what_o money_n they_o will_v upon_o their_o servant_n note_n only_o at_o 4_o l._n and_o 4_o l._n 10_o s._n per_fw-la cent_z before_o the_o late_a emergency_n of_o state_n which_o i_o can_v demonstrate_v have_v very_o much_o obstruct_v the_o natural_a fall_n of_o interest_n with_o we_o something_o more_o i_o have_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o this_o in_o the_o addition_n to_o my_o former_a treatise_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v likewise_o for_o a_o answer_n to_o his_o three_o reason_n four_o he_o say_v that_o which_o i_o must_v prove_v to_o make_v good_a my_o assertion_n be_v that_o any_o country_n in_o the_o world_n from_o a_o poor_a and_o low_a condition_n while_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v make_v rich_a by_o bring_v it_o to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z by_o a_o law_n i_o answer_v if_o the_o instance_n of_o holland_n and_o italy_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v he_o in_o this_o point_n yet_o that_o have_v prove_v which_o he_o can_v deny_v that_o our_o own_o kingdom_n have_v be_v enrich_v consequent_o constant_o and_o proportionable_o to_o and_o after_o our_o several_a abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o law_n from_o a_o unlimited_a rate_n to_o 10_o from_z 10_o to_z â—_o and_z from_z 8_o to_z 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z i_o think_v it_o may_v rational_o be_v conclude_v that_o another_o abatement_n of_o interest_n in_o england_n will_v cause_v a_o further_a increase_n of_o
riches_n as_o it_o have_v do_v in_o holland_n from_o italy_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o gain_v a_o certain_a account_n of_o their_o legal_a interest_n but_o be_o advise_v that_o no_o take_n of_o use-money_n be_v allow_v by_o their_o pontificial_a law_n the_o interest_n now_o take_v there_o which_o be_v general_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v do_v only_o by_o dispensation_n of_o pope_n paul_n the_o five_o and_o that_o notwithstanding_o no_o man_n can_v recover_v interest_n of_o money_n there_o if_o the_o party_n who_o shall_v pay_v it_o can_v prove_v he_o have_v not_o gain_v the_o value_n of_o the_o interest_n demand_v now_o let_v the_o reader_n judge_n whether_o that_o practice_n of_o holland_n and_o this_o of_o italy_n where_o the_o romish_a churchman_n have_v so_o great_a power_n who_o be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n and_o may_v by_o their_o auricular_a confessor_n of_o all_o offence_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o law_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o money_n in_o those_o country_n be_v pontificial_a do_v not_o amount_v in_o effect_n to_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n in_o england_n but_o to_o deal_v more_o ingenuous_o with_o my_o opposer_n than_o he_o have_v do_v with_o i_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o that_o much_o riches_n will_v occasion_v in_o any_o kingdom_n a_o low_a rate_n of_o interest_n and_o yet_o that_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o riches_n for_o if_o trade_n be_v that_o which_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n and_o lower_v of_o interest_n advance_v trade_n which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v then_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n or_o more_o proper_o restrain_v of_o usury_n which_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o all_o other_o wise_a and_o rich_a people_n in_o the_o world_n do_v always_o drive_v at_o be_v doubtless_o a_o primary_n and_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o nation_n it_o be_v not_o improper_a to_o say_v nor_o absurd_a to_o conceive_v that_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v both_o a_o cause_n and_o a_o effect_n peace_n beget_v plenty_n and_o plenty_n may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o preserve_v peace_n fear_n beget_v hatred_n and_o hatred_n fear_v the_o diligent_a hand_n make_v rich_a and_o riches_n make_v man_n diligent_a so_o true_a be_v the_o proverb_n crescit_fw-la amor_fw-la nummi_fw-la quantum_fw-la ipsa_fw-la pecunia_fw-la erescit_fw-la love_n we_o say_v beget_v love_n the_o fertility_n of_o a_o country_n may_v cause_v the_o increase_n of_o people_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o people_n may_v cause_v the_o further_o and_o great_a fertility_n of_o a_o country_n liberty_n and_o property_n conduce_v to_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o any_o country_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o emprovement_n conduce_v to_o the_o procure_n as_o well_o as_o secure_n of_o liberty_n and_o property_n strength_n and_o health_n conduce_v to_o a_o good_a digestion_n and_o a_o good_a digestion_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o health_n and_o increase_n of_o strength_n and_o as_o a_o person_n of_o very_a great_a honour_n pertinent_o instance_a at_o a_o late_a debate_n upon_o this_o question_n a_o egg_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o hen_n and_o a_o hen_n the_o cause_n of_o a_o egg._n the_o incomparable_a lord_n bacon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o say_v pag._n 245_o of_o that_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n that_o his_o fortune_n work_v upon_o his_o nature_n &_o his_o nature_n upon_o his_o fortune_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o nation_n the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n cause_v a_o increase_n of_o wealth_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o wealth_n may_v cause_v a_o further_a abatement_n of_o interest_n but_o that_o be_v best_a do_v by_o the_o midwifery_n of_o good_a law_n which_o be_v what_o i_o plead_v for_o the_o corrupt_a nature_n of_o man_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o decline_v to_o vice_n then_o incline_v to_o virtue_n folio_n 15._o he_o affirm_v land_n be_v not_o rise_v in_o purchase_n nor_o rent_n improve_v since_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n that_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o to_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o gentleman_n who_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o land_n be_v the_o best_a judge_n of_o this_o case_n only_o i_o will_v entreat_v they_o not_o to_o depend_v upon_o their_o memory_n alone_o but_o to_o command_v particular_a account_n to_o be_v give_v they_o what_o sum_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v give_v 40_o or_o 50_o year_n pass_v for_o any_o entire_a farm_n or_o manor_n they_o now_o know_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o will_v find_v that_o most_o of_o they_o will_v yield_v double_a the_o say_a sum_n of_o money_n now_o notwithstanding_o the_o present_a great_a pressure_n that_o land_n lie_v under_o which_o ought_v mature_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o when_o this_o judgement_n be_v make_v i_o rather_o desire_v the_o enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o gross_a sum_n of_o money_n pay_v than_o the_o year_n purchase_v as_o be_v less_o fallible_a because_o many_o farm_n have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n so_o rack_v up_o in_o rent_n that_o it_o may_v be_v they_o will_v not_o yield_v more_o year_n purchase_v now_o according_a to_o the_o present_a rent_n than_o they_o will_v many_o year_n past_a and_o yet_o may_v yield_v double_a the_o money_n they_o be_v then_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o because_o the_o rent_n be_v much_o less_o then_o fol._n 15._o he_o impertinent_o quarrel_n at_o my_o instance_n of_o ireland_n say_v i_o quote_v it_o sometime_o to_o prove_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o low_a interest_n pag._n 8._o and_o sometime_o the_o mischief_n of_o high_a interest_n pag._n 9_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o unfriendly_a way_n of_o prevaricate_a for_o pag._n 8._o i_o mention_v the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n only_o as_o a_o accidental_a cause_n why_o our_o rent_n at_o that_o present_a fell_a and_o in_o this_o it_o appear_v i_o be_v not_o much_o mistake_v for_o within_o a_o few_o month_n after_o i_o first_o write_v that_o treatise_n the_o parliament_n take_v notice_n of_o it_o pag._n 9_o i_o mention_v that_o place_n among_o other_o that_o pay_v a_o high_a interest_n and_o be_v consequent_o very_o poor_a if_o there_o be_v any_o contradiction_n in_o this_o let_v the_o reader_n judge_n pag._n 16._o the_o gentleman_n puzle_v himself_o about_o find_v mistake_v in_o my_o calculation_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o merchant_n estate_n but_o discover_v none_o but_o his_o own_o so_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n further_o about_o that_o all_o merchant_n grant_v i_o as_o much_o as_o i_o design_v by_o it_o though_o some_o of_o they_o have_v not_o or_o care_v not_o to_o observe_v the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n to_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a cause_n thereof_o fol._n 17._o because_o he_o can_v answer_v that_o large_a and_o pregnant_a instance_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o low_a interest_n which_o i_o give_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o sugar-baker_n of_o london_n and_o those_o of_o holland_n which_o be_v but_o one_o of_o a_o hundred_o which_o i_o can_v have_v mention_v he_o endeavour_v to_o set_v up_o another_o of_o a_o contrary_a effect_n which_o be_v a_o weak_a ridiculous_a instance_n and_o nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n for_o that_o commodity_n that_o i_o mention_v viz._n sugar_n be_v a_o solid_a bulky_a commodity_n always_o in_o fashion_n not_o consequent_a to_o humour_n as_o be_v that_o of_o silk-stocking_n 1000_o l._n worth_n whereof_o may_v be_v with_o less_o charge_n carry_v to_o italy_n than_o 30_o l._n worth_n of_o barbadoes_n sugar_n can_v be_v send_v to_o holland_n beside_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o of_o late_o send_v silk-stocking_n thither_o be_v accidental_a not_o natural_a only_o happen_v by_o mean_n of_o a_o engine_n wâ—_n have_v to_o weave_v they_o whereof_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o the_o use_n in_o italy_n beside_o wear_v thing_n be_v more_o esteem_v through_o fancy_n then_o judgement_n the_o italian_n may_v have_v the_o same_o vanity_n which_o be_v too_o much_o among_o we_o to_o esteem_v that_o which_o be_v none_o of_o their_o own_o make_n as_o we_o do_v french_a ribond_n and_o the_o frenchman_n english_a one_o beside_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o say_v we_o bring_v the_o silk_n we_o make_v they_o of_o from_o italy_n for_o the_o silk_n of_o which_o we_o make_v that_o commodity_n be_v turkey_n not_o italian_n silk_n fol._n 18._o the_o gentleman_n begin_v to_o be_v kind_a and_o find_v i_o out_o of_o the_o way_n pretend_v to_o set_v i_o right_n viz._n to_o instruct_v i_o as_o first_o what_o will_v bring_v down_o interest_n one_a multitude_n of_o people_n two_o a_o full_a trade_n three_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n i_o answer_v that_o i_o have_v i_o think_v prove_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v effect_v the_o two_o former_a
the_o more_o in_o regard_n of_o our_o present_a difference_n in_o religion_n but_o i_o shall_v answer_v it_o as_o well_o as_o i_o can_v in_o general_n i_o say_v they_o must_v be_v such_o as_o the_o people_n must_v have_v ample_a satisfaction_n in_o or_o else_o the_o whole_a design_n will_v be_v lose_v for_o iâ—_n the_o universality_n of_o the_o people_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o person_n they_o will_v never_o part_v with_o their_o money_n but_o if_o they_o be_v well_o satisfy_v therein_o they_o will_v be_v miraculous_o charitable_a quest._n 5._o this_o beget_v a_o five_o question_n viz._n what_o sort_n of_o man_n the_o people_n will_v be_v most_o satisfy_v in_o i_o answer_v i_o think_v in_o none_o so_o well_o as_o such_o only_a as_o a_o common_a hall_n of_o the_o livery-man_n of_o london_n shall_v make_v choice_n of_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o experience_n of_o many_o age_n that_o the_o several_a corporation_n in_o london_n be_v the_o best_a administrator_n of_o what_o be_v leave_v to_o charitable_a use_v that_o have_v ever_o be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v manifest_a in_o the_o regular_a just_a and_o prudent_a management_n of_o the_o hospital_n of_o london_n and_o be_v wise_o observe_v by_o doctor_n colleâ—_n dean_n of_o st_n paul_n that_o prudent_a ecclesiastic_a when_o he_o leave_v the_o government_n of_o that_o school_n and_o other_o great_a revenue_n assign_v by_o he_o for_o charitable_a uses_n unto_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o mercer_n company_n object_n but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o country-gentleman_n who_o have_v power_n in_o place_n of_o their_o residence_n and_o pay_v out_o of_o their_o large_a estate_n considerable_a sum_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o poor_a within_o the_o afore-limited_n precinct_n may_v be_v just_o offend_v if_o they_o likewise_o have_v not_o a_o share_n in_o the_o distribution_n of_o what_o shall_v be_v raise_v to_o that_o purpose_n answ._n i_o answer_v the_o force_n of_o this_o objection_n may_v be_v much_o take_v off_o if_o the_o city_n be_v oblige_v to_o choose_v but_o a_o certain_a number_n out_o of_o the_o city_n as_o suppose_v seventy_o for_o london_n ten_o out_o of_o southwark_n for_o that_o burrow_n twenty_o for_o westminster_n this_o will_v best_a satisfy_v the_o people_n &_o i_o think_v do_v the_o work_n but_o if_o it_o be_v think_v too_o much_o for_o the_o city_n to_o have_v the_o choice_n of_o any_o more_o than_o their_o own_o seventy_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o their_o quarter-session_n may_v nominate_v and_o appoint_v their_o own_o number_n of_o person_n to_o assist_v for_o their_o respective_a jurisdiction_n and_o so_o to_o supply_v the_o vacancy_n in_o case_n of_o death_n etc._n etc._n but_o all_o must_v be_v conjunctive_a but_o one_o body_n politic_a or_o the_o work_n will_v never_o be_v do_v quest._n 6._o the_o six_o question_n be_v what_o will_v be_v the_o advantage_n to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n and_o to_o the_o poor_a in_o particular_a that_o will_v accrue_v by_o such_o a_o society_n of_o man_n more_o than_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o law_n at_o present_a i_o answer_v innumerable_a and_o unspeakable_a be_v the_o benefit_n to_o this_o kingdom_n that_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o consultation_n and_o debate_n of_o such_o a_o wise_a and_o honest_a council_n who_o be_v man_n so_o elect_v as_o aforesaid_a will_v certain_o conscionable_o study_v and_o labour_n to_o discharge_v their_o trust_n in_o this_o service_n of_o god_n their_o king_n and_o country_n one_a the_o poor_a of_o what_o quality_n soever_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v meet_v with_o will_v be_v immediate_o relieve_v or_o set_v on_o work_n where_o they_o be_v find_v without_o hurry_v they_o from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o torture_v their_o body_n to_o no_o purpose_n 2._o charitable-minded-man_n will_v know_v certain_o where_o to_o dispose_v of_o their_o charity_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v employ_v to_o right_a purpose_n 3._o housekeeper_n will_v be_v free_v from_o the_o intolerable_a encumbrance_n of_o beggar_n at_o their_o door_n 4._o the_o plantation_n will_v be_v regular_o supply_v with_o servant_n and_o those_o that_o be_v senâ—_n thither_o well_o provide_v for_o 5._o the_o say_a assembly_n will_v doubtless_o appoint_v some_o of_o their_o own_o member_n to_o visit_v and_o relieve_v such_o as_o be_v sick_a as_o often_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v occasion_n together_o with_o poor_a labour_a family_n both_o in_o city_n and_o suburb_n 6._o poor_a child_n will_v be_v instruct_v in_o learning_n and_o art_n and_o thereby_o render_v serviceable_a to_o their_o country_n and_o many_o other_o worthy_a act_n do_v for_o public_a good_a by_o the_o joint_a delibaration_n of_o so_o many_o prudent_a and_o pious_a man_n assist_v with_o such_o a_o power_n and_o purse_n more_o than_o can_v be_v fore-seen_a or_o express_v by_o a_o private_a person_n quest._n 7._o the_o seven_o question_n may_v be_v what_o shall_v all_o the_o poor_a of_o these_o city_n and_o country_n be_v very_o numerous_a be_v employ_v about_o this_o question_n will_v be_v answer_v best_a by_o the_o say_a assembly_n themselves_o when_o they_o have_v meet_v and_o consult_v together_o who_o can_v be_v presume_v defficient_a of_o invention_n to_o set_v all_o the_o poor_a on_o work_n especial_o since_o they_o may_v easy_o have_v admirable_a precedent_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o holland_n in_o this_o particular_a and_o have_v already_o very_o good_a one_o of_o their_o own_o in_o the_o order_n of_o their_o hospital_n of_o christ-church_n and_o bridewell_n in_o london_n the_o girl_n may_v he_o employ_v in_o mend_v the_o clothes_n of_o of_o the_o age_a in_o spin_v card_v and_o other_o linen_n manufactureâ—_n and_o many_o in_o sow_v linen_n for_o the_o exchange_n on_o any_o housekeeper_n that_o will_v put_v out_o linen_n to_o the_o matron_n that_o have_v the_o government_n of_o they_o the_o boy_n in_o pick_v okam_n make_v piâ—s_n rasp_a wood_n make_v hang_n or_o any_o other_o manufacture_n of_o any_o kind_n which_o whether_o it_o turn_v to_o present_a profit_n or_o not_o be_v not_o much_o material_a the_o great_a business_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v first_o but_o to_o keep_v the_o poor_a from_o beg_v and_o starve_v and_o enure_v such_o as_o be_v able_a to_o labour_n and_o discipline_n that_o they_o may_v be_v hereafter_o useful_a member_n to_o the_o kingdom_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o say_v the_o wise_a man_n live_v solitary_o can_v propose_v or_o imagine_v such_o excellent_a way_n and_o method_n as_o will_v be_v invent_v by_o the_o unite_a wisdom_n of_o so_o grave_a a_o assembly_n the_o sit_v of_o the_o say_a assembly_n i_o humble_o conceive_v aught_o to_o be_v de_fw-fr die_v in_o diem_fw-la the_o quorum_fw-la not_o more_o than_o thirteen_o whether_o they_o shall_v yearly_o monthly_o or_o weekly_a choose_v a_o precedent_n how_o they_o shall_v distribute_v themselves_o into_o the_o several_a quarter_n of_o the_o communication_n what_o treasurer_n and_o other_o officer_n to_o employ_v and_o where_o and_o how_o many_o will_v best_o be_v determine_v by_o themselves_o and_o that_o without_o difficulty_n because_o many_o that_o will_v probable_o be_v member_n of_o the_o say_a assembly_n have_v already_o have_v large_a experience_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o hospital_n of_o london_n the_o manner_n of_o election_n of_o the_o say_a father_n of_o the_o poor_a i_o humble_o suppose_v can_v possible_o be_v better_a contrive_v then_o after_o the_o same_o way_n which_o the_o east-india-company_n choose_v their_o committee_n which_o will_v prevent_v the_o confusion_n irregularity_n and_o incertitude_n that_o may_v attend_v the_o election_n of_o voice_n or_o hold_v up_o of_o hand_n especial_o because_o the_o person_n to_o be_v elect_v at_o one_o time_n will_v be_v very_o many_o the_o say_a manner_n propose_v be_v every_o elector_n viz._n every_o livery-man_n to_o bring_v to_o guild-hall_n at_o the_o appoint_a day_n for_o election_n a_o list_n of_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o person_n such_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a that_o be_v to_o be_v elect_v and_o deliver_v the_o same_o open_o unto_o such_o person_n as_o the_o lord_n mayor_n aldermen_z and_o common-council-man_n shall_v appoint_v to_o make_v the_o scrutiney_a which_o person_n so_o entrust_v with_o the_o say_v scrutiney_n seven_o or_o ten_o day_n after_o as_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a at_o another_o common_a hall_n may_v declare_v who_o be_v the_o person_n elect_v by_o the_o majority_n of_o vote_n if_o it_o be_v here_o object_v to_o the_o whole_a purpose_n of_o this_o treatise_n that_o this_o work_n may_v as_o well_o be_v do_v in_o distinct_a parish_n if_o all_o parish_n be_v oblige_v to_o build_v work-house_n and_o employ_v their_o poor_a therein_o as_o dorchester_n and_o some_o other_o have_v do_v with_o good_a success_n i_o answer_v that_o such_o attempt_n have_v be_v make_v in_o many_o place_n
to_o my_o knowledge_n with_o very_o good_a intent_n and_o strenuons_a endeavour_n but_o all_o that_o ever_o i_o hear_v of_o prove_v vain_a and_o ineffectual_a as_o i_o fear_v will_n that_o of_o clerken-well_a except_o that_o single_a instance_n of_o the_o town_n of_o dorchester_n which_o yet_o signify_v nothing_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n because_o all_o other_o place_n can_v do_v the_o like_a nor_o do_v the_o town_n of_o dorchester_n entertain_v any_o but_o their_o own_o poor_a only_o and_o whip_v away_o all_o other_o whereas_o that_o which_o i_o design_n be_v to_o propose_v such_o a_o foundation_n as_o shall_v be_v large_a wise_a honest_a and_o rich_a enough_o to_o maintain_v and_o employ_v all_o poor_a that_o come_v within_o the_o pale_a of_o their_o communication_n without_o inquire_v where_o they_o be_v bear_v or_o last_o inhabit_a which_o i_o dare_v affirm_v with_o humility_n that_o nothing_o but_o a_o national_a or_o at_o least_o such_o a_o provincial_a purse_n can_v so_o well_o do_v nor_o any_o person_n in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o such_o only_a as_o shall_v be_v pick_v out_o by_o popular_a election_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_v viz._n that_o in_o my_o opinion_n three_o fourth_n at_o least_o of_o the_o stock_n must_v issue_v from_o the_o charity_n of_o the_o people_n as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v to_o a_o great_a proportion_n if_o they_o be_v satisfy_v in_o the_o manager_n thereof_o but_o if_o otherwise_o not_o the_o forty_o i_o may_v say_v not_o the_o hundred_o part_n i_o propose_v the_o majority_n of_o the_o say_a father_n of_o the_o poor_a to_o be_v citizen_n though_o i_o be_o none_o myself_o because_o i_o think_v a_o great_a share_n of_o the_o money_n to_o be_v employ_v must_v and_o will_v come_v from_o they_o if_o ever_o the_o work_n be_v well_o do_v as_o also_o because_o their_o habitation_n be_v near_a the_o centre_n of_o their_o business_n and_o they_o best_o acquaint_v with_o all_o affair_n of_o this_o nature_n by_o their_o experience_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o hospital_n earnest_o to_o desire_v and_o endeavour_v that_o the_o poor_a of_o england_n shall_v be_v better_o provide_v for_o and_o employ_v be_v a_o work_n that_o be_v much_o study_v by_o my_o decease_a father_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o be_v as_o ready_a to_o confess_v as_o any_o shall_v be_v to_o charge_v i_o with_o disability_n to_o propose_v a_o model_n of_o law_n for_o this_o great_a affair_n yet_o i_o hope_v the_o more_o ingenuous_a will_v pardon_v i_o for_o endeavour_v to_o give_v aim_n towards_o it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o much_o my_o duty_n which_o in_o this_o particular_a i_o shall_v be_v careful_a to_o perform_v though_o i_o may_v be_v too_o remise_v in_o other_o as_o shall_v appear_v by_o more_o visible_a and_o apparent_a demonstration_n if_o ever_o this_o design_n or_o any_o other_o that_o be_v like_a to_o effect_v what_o be_v desire_v succeed_v now_o i_o have_v adventure_v thus_o far_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o publish_v my_o thought_n and_o observation_n concern_v some_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v relation_n to_o trade_n which_o i_o do_v without_o any_o purpose_n or_o design_n save_v only_o to_o give_v occasion_n to_o my_o countryman_n to_o be_v discourse_v and_o meditate_v upon_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v a_o tendancy_n to_o public_a good_a from_o whence_o though_o my_o suggestion_n shall_v be_v mistake_n probable_o some_o good_a effect_n may_v ensue_v and_o therefore_o the_o ingenuous_a i_o know_v though_o they_o may_v differ_v from_o i_o will_v not_o blame_v i_o for_o the_o attempt_n chap._n iii_o concern_v company_n of_o merchant_n have_v of_o merchant_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n viz._n company_n in_o joint_a stock_n such_o as_o the_o east-india-company_n the_o morea-company_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o turkey-company_n and_o the_o greenland-company_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o muscovia-company_n the_o other_o sort_n be_v company_n who_o trade_v not_o by_o a_o joint_a stock_n but_o only_o be_v under_o a_o government_n and_o regulation_n such_o be_v the_o hambrough-company_n the_o turkey-company_n the_o eastland-company_n the_o muscovia-company_n it_o have_v for_o many_o year_n be_v a_o moot_v case_n whether_o any_o encorporate_n of_o merchant_n be_v for_o public_a good_a or_o not_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o for_o country_n with_o which_o his_o majesty_n have_v no_o allieance_n nor_o can_v have_v any_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o distance_n or_o barbarity_n or_o non-communication_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n etc._n etc._n where_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o maintain_v force_n and_o fort_n such_o as_o east-india_n and_o guinia_n company_n of_o merchant_n be_v absolute_a necessary_a 2._o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o too_o trade_n ought_v for_o public_a good_a to_o be_v manage_v â—y_a joint_a stock_n 3._o it_o be_v questionable_a to_o i_o whether_o any_o other_o company_n of_o merchant_n be_v for_o public_a good_a or_o hurt_n 4._o i_o conclude_v however_o that_o all_o restriction_n of_o trade_n be_v naught_o and_o consequent_o that_o no_o company_n whatsoever_o whether_o they_o trade_n in_o a_o joint_a stock_n or_o under_o regulation_n can_v be_v for_o public_a good_a except_o it_o may_v be_v easy_a for_o all_o or_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n to_o be_v admit_v into_o all_o or_o any_o of_o the_o say_a company_n at_o any_o time_n for_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a fine_a and_o that_o if_o the_o fine_a exceed_v 20_o l._n include_v all_o charge_n of_o admission_n it_o be_v too_o much_o and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o the_o dutch_a who_o thrive_v best_a by_o trade_n and_o have_v the_o sure_a rule_n to_o thrive_v by_o admit_v not_o only_o any_o of_o their_o own_o people_n but_o even_o jew_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o alien_n to_o be_v free_a of_o any_o of_o their_o society_n of_o merchant_n or_o any_o of_o their_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a 2._o nothing_o in_o the_o world_n can_v enable_v we_o to_o cope_v with_o the_o dutch_a in_o any_o trade_n but_o increase_v of_o hand_n and_o stock_n which_o a_o general_a admission_n will_v do_v many_o hand_n and_o much_o stock_n be_v as_o necessary_a to_o the_o prosperity_n of_o any_o trade_n as_o man_n and_o money_n to_o warfare_n 3._o there_o be_v no_o pretence_n of_o any_o good_a to_o the_o nation_n by_o company_n but_o only_a order_n and_o regulation_n of_o trade_n and_o if_o that_o be_v preserve_v which_o the_o admission_n of_o all_o that_o will_v come_v in_o and_o submit_v to_o the_o regulation_n will_v not_o prejudice_v all_o the_o good_a to_o the_o nation_n that_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o by_o company_n be_v obtain_v 4._o the_o eastland_n beside_o our_o native_a commodity_n spend_v great_a quantity_n of_o italian_a spanish_a portugal_n and_o french_a commodity_n viz._n oil_n wine_n fruit_n sugar_n succad_n shoomack_n etc._n etc._n now_o in_o regard_n our_o east-country_n merchant_n of_o england_n be_v few_o compare_v with_o the_o dutch_a and_o intend_v principal_o that_o one_o trade_n out_o and_o home_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o so_o conversant_a in_o the_o aforesaid_a commodity_n nor_o forward_o to_o adventure_v upon_o they_o and_o see_v that_o by_o the_o company_n charter_n our_o italian_a spanish_a portugal_n and_o french_a merchant_n who_o understand_v those_o commodity_n perfect_o well_o be_v exclude_v those_o trade_n or_o at_o least_o if_o the_o company_n will_v give_v they_o leave_v to_o send_v out_o those_o good_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o return_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o dutch_a must_v supply_v denmark_n sweeden_n and_o all_o part_n of_o the_o baltique_a with_o most_o of_o those_o commodity_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o fact_n 5._o the_o dutch_a who_o have_v no_o eastland-company_n yet_o have_v ten_o time_n the_o trade_n to_o the_o eastern_a part_n as_o we_o have_v and_o for_o italy_n spain_n and_o portugal_n where_o we_o have_v no_o company_n we_o have_v yet_o leave_v full_a as_o much_o if_o not_o more_o trade_n than_o the_o dutch._n and_o for_o russia_n and_o greenland_n where_o we_o have_v company_n and_o i_o think_v establish_v by_o act_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n our_o trade_n be_v in_o effect_n whole_o lose_v while_o the_o dutch_a have_v without_o company_n increase_a they_o to_o above_o forty_o time_n the_o the_o bulk_n of_o what_o the_o residue_n of_o we_o now_o be_v from_o whence_o may_v be_v infer_v 1._o that_o restrain_v limit_v company_n be_v not_o alone_o sufficient_a to_o preserve_v and_o increase_v a_o trade_n 2._o that_o limit_v company_n though_o establish_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n may_v loâ—se_v a_o trade_n 3._o that_o trade_n may_v be_v carry_v on_o to_o any_o part_n of_o christendom_n and_o increase_v without_o company_n 4._o
or_o 400_o ship_n load_v of_o timber_n and_o other_o wooden_a commodity_n 4_o thly_a the_o sweede_n will_v have_v a_o apparent_a benefit_n by_o it_o by_o turn_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o stream_n of_o our_o trade_n for_o those_o commodity_n to_o gottenborrow_n and_o divers_a other_o part_n of_o sweeden_n that_o be_v late_o open_v and_o now_o open_v where_o very_o large_a quantity_n of_o timber_n mast_n and_o board_n likewise_o may_v be_v have_v though_o some_o small_a matter_n dear_a than_o in_o norway_n beside_o if_o the_o sweede_n shall_v expect_v no_o advantage_n but_o rather_o loss_n by_o such_o amendment_n of_o our_o own_o law_n they_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o be_v angry_a because_o they_o have_v late_o make_v so_o many_o law_n for_o encouragement_n of_o their_o own_o ship_n and_o navigation_n and_o consequent_o discouragement_n of_o we_o that_o do_v in_o effect_n amount_v to_o a_o prohibition_n of_o the_o english_a from_o send_v their_o own_o manufacture_n to_o sweeden_n in_o english_a ship_n insomuch_o that_o the_o english_a merchant_n when_o sweedish_a ship_n do_v not_o present_a be_v force_v many_o time_n to_o send_v their_o good_n to_o elsâ—nore_n to_o lie_v there_o till_o a_o sweedish_a ship_n come_v by_o to_o put_v they_o aboard_o of_o and_o pay_v their_o factoridge_n and_o other_o charge_n because_o if_o they_o shall_v send_v they_o on_o english_a ship_n the_o duty_n be_v so_o high_a in_o sweeden_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o they_o to_o make_v their_o first_o cost_n of_o they_o 5_o thly_a the_o easterlin_n or_o hans-town_n though_o they_o be_v exclude_v this_o trade_n for_o england_n with_o their_o ship_n whereof_o they_o have_v little_a the_o great_a share_n be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o dane_n will_v be_v gainer_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o trade_n with_o they_o for_o board_n timber_n spruce_n deal_v etc._n etc._n at_o dantzick_n quinsborough_n and_o other_o place_n which_o will_v be_v very_o considerable_a in_o case_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n shall_v impose_v any_o considerable_a extraordinary_a tribute_n on_o our_o ship_n which_o bring_v i_o to_o the_o three_o objection_n object_n 3._o if_o this_o be_v do_v will_v not_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n lay_v a_o great_a imposition_n upon_o all_o our_o ship_n that_o trade_n into_o his_o dominion_n and_o also_o upon_o our_o drapery_n and_o other_o native_a english_a commodity_n i_o answer_v that_o whatever_o that_o king_n may_v do_v at_o first_o i_o be_o persuade_v after_o he_o have_v consider_v of_o it_o he_o will_v be_v moderate_a in_o his_o imposition_n because_o he_o can_v hurt_v none_o but_o himself_o by_o make_v they_o great_a for_o as_o to_o drapery_n and_o other_o english_a good_n his_o country_n spend_v none_o worth_a speak_v of_o and_o that_o charge_v with_o about_o 30_o or_o 40_o per_fw-la cent_z custom_n already_o nine_o ten_o of_o all_o the_o timber_n and_o board_n we_o fetch_v from_o thence_o be_v in_o my_o opinion_n purchase_v with_o ready_a dollar_n send_v from_o england_n and_o holland_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v by_o a_o great_a imposition_n total_o discourage_v we_o from_o trade_v with_o his_o people_n we_o shall_v lay_v out_o that_o money_n with_o the_o sweede_n hamburger_n danzicker_n and_o other_o where_o we_o may_v have_v sufficient_a supply_n while_o the_o dane_n will_v be_v exceed_o burden_a with_o the_o lie_v of_o their_o good_n upon_o their_o hand_n there_o be_v in_o norway_n great_a quantity_n of_o good_n viz._n the_o course_n hemlock_n timber_n common_o bring_v from_o larwick_n tunsberry_n sandyford_n oskestrand_n hollumstrand_n and_o many_o other_o part_n which_o no_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n trade_v with_o they_o for_o or_o will_v buy_v or_o use_v but_o the_o english_a only_o chap._n v._o concern_v transferrance_n of_o debt_n the_o great_a advantage_n that_o will_v accrue_v to_o this_o kingdom_n by_o a_o law_n for_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n from_o one_o person_n to_o another_o be_v sufficient_o understand_v by_o most_o man_n especial_o by_o merchant_n the_o difficulty_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v so_o much_o in_o make_v of_o a_o law_n to_o this_o purpose_n as_o reduce_v it_o to_o practice_n because_o we_o have_v be_v so_o long_o accustom_v to_o buy_v and_o sell_v good_n by_o verbal_a contract_n only_o that_o rich_a and_o great_a man_n for_o some_o time_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v it_o a_o diminution_n of_o their_o reputation_n to_o have_v bill_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n demand_v of_o they_o for_o good_n buy_v and_o mean_a man_n will_v fear_v the_o lose_n of_o their_o customer_n by_o insist_v upon_o have_v such_o bill_n for_o what_o they_o sell_v which_o inconveniency_n probable_o may_v be_v avoid_v and_o the_o good_a hope_v for_o full_o attain_v if_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n native_a and_o foreign_a body_n politic_a and_o corporate_a be_v or_o inhabit_v within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o dominion_n of_o wales_n who_o from_o and_o after_o the_o day_n of_o shall_v buy_v and_o receive_v any_o ware_n good_n and_o merchandise_n from_o any_o other_o shall_v immediate_o on_o receipt_n thereof_o in_o case_n ready_a money_n be_v not_o pay_v for_o the_o same_o give_v unto_o he_o or_o they_o of_o who_o such_o good_n ware_n and_o merchandise_n shall_v be_v buy_v or_o to_o he_o and_o their_o use_n a_o bill_n or_o write_v obligatory_a under_o the_o hand_n or_o seal_n of_o he_o or_o they_o so_o buy_v the_o same_o which_o shall_v mention_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o say_a good_n and_o the_o neat_a sum_n of_o money_n with_o the_o time_n or_o time_n of_o payment_n agree_v upon_o 2._o that_o all_o person_n etc._n etc._n may_v transfer_v the_o say_a bill_n under_o their_o hand_n to_o any_o other_o by_o a_o short_a assignation_n on_o the_o back_n side_n 3._o that_o every_o such_o assignee_n may_v re-assign_a toties_fw-la quoties_fw-la 4._o after_o such_o assignment_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o assignor_n to_o make_v void_a release_v or_o discharge_v the_o debt_n 5._o no_o debt_n after_o assignment_n to_o be_v liable_a to_o any_o attachment_n execution_n statute_n or_o commission_n of_o bankrupt_a or_o other_o demand_n as_o the_o estate_n of_o he_o or_o they_o that_o assign_v the_o same_o 6._o that_o each_o assignment_n shall_v absolute_o vest_n the_o property_n into_o the_o assignee_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n 7._o that_o such_o assignment_n be_v receive_v and_o receipt_n or_o discharge_v give_v for_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v deem_v good_a payment_n 8._o that_o all_o good_n sell_v above_o the_o value_n of_o 10_o l._n after_o the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o which_o no_o such_o bill_n or_o write_v obligatory_a shall_v be_v give_v or_o tender_v as_o aforesaid_a to_o the_o seller_n or_o seller_n thereof_o or_o to_o he_o or_o their_o use_n shall_v be_v deem_v and_o construe_v to_o all_o intent_n and_o purposeâ—_n in_o the_o law_n as_o if_o the_o same_o have_v be_v contract_v for_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n any_o concession_n or_o verbal_a agreement_n between_o the_o say_a party_n to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o this_o clause_n i_o hope_v may_v be_v effectual_a to_o initiate_v we_o to_o a_o practice_n and_o observance_n of_o such_o a_o law_n 6._o that_o the_o first_o assignment_n of_o any_o such_o bill_n or_o bill_n of_o debt_n be_v to_o this_o or_o the_o like_a ffect_n i_o a._n b._n do_v engage_v and_o attest_v that_o the_o debt_n within_o mention_v be_v a_o true_a debt_n and_o no_o part_n of_o it_o pay_v to_o i_o or_o to_o my_o use_n or_o discharge_v by_o i_o and_o i_o do_v hereby_o assign_v over_o the_o same_o to_o c._n d._n for_o his_o own_o account_n 10._o and_o that_o the_o second_o and_o all_o other_o after_o assignation_n upon_o any_o such_o bill_n shall_v be_v to_o this_o or_o the_o like_a effect_n viz._n i_o a._n b._n do_v attest_v that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o within-mentioned_n debt_n be_v pay_v to_o i_o or_o my_o use_n or_o discharge_v by_o i_o and_o i_o do_v hereby_o transfer_v the_o same_o to_o c._n d._n the_o objection_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o to_o the_o make_v such_o a_o law_n be_v viz._n object_n 1._o this_o will_v be_v repugnant_a to_o our_o common_a law_n and_o some_o statute_n viz._n maintenance_n champarty_n bankrupt_a etc._n etc._n 1._o i_o answer_v not_o so_o repugnant_a as_o at_o first_o view_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o though_o by_o our_o law_n at_o present_a bond_n and_o bill_n can_v be_v assign_v mortgage_n which_o be_v but_o another_o kind_n of_o security_n for_o money_n lend_v may_v be_v assign_v 2._o if_o any_o law_n at_o present_a be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n and_o if_o the_o make_n of_o such_o a_o new_a law_n will_v effectual_o increase_v
the_o useful_a stock_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o least_o one_o three_o part_n and_o great_o â—ase_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n as_o i_o humble_o conceive_v this_o will_v do_v i_o hope_v none_o will_v deny_v but_o it_o may_v consist_v with_o the_o wisdom_n of_o parliament_n to_o create_v new_a law_n 3._o most_o of_o our_o statute_n be_v make_v in_o time_n before_o we_o understand_v trade_n in_o england_n and_o the_o same_o policy_n and_o law_n that_o be_v good_a then_o and_o may_v yet_o be_v good_a for_o a_o country_n destitute_a of_o commerce_n may_v not_o be_v so_o fit_a for_o we_o now_o nor_o for_o any_o nation_n so_o abound_v with_o trade_n as_o england_n do_v at_o present_a object_n 2._o may_v not_o this_o occasion_n many_o cheat_n and_o law_n suit_v answ._n 1._o i_o answer_v no_o experience_n manifest_v the_o contrary_a not_o only_o in_o other_o kingdom_n and_o country_n abroad_o where_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n be_v in_o use_n but_o even_o in_o our_o own_o where_o we_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v the_o experience_n of_o endorsement_n on_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o in_o this_o present_a age_n of_o the_o pass_n of_o goldsmith_n note_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o which_o two_o practice_n be_v very_o like_a to_o the_o design_a way_n of_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n and_o yet_o no_o considerable_a cheat_n or_o inconvenience_n have_v arisen_a thereby_o answ._n 2._o no_o man_n can_v be_v cheat_v except_o it_o be_v with_o his_o own_o consent_n and_o we_o common_o say_v caveat_n emptor_n no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v force_v to_o accept_v another_o bill_n that_o himself_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o no_o man_n will_v accept_v of_o another_o man_n bill_n except_o he_o know_v he_o or_o until_o he_o have_v use_v mean_n to_o satisfy_v himself_o concern_v he_o no_o more_o than_o he_o will_v sell_v his_o good_n to_o a_o stranger_n unless_o he_o have_v some_o reason_n to_o believe_v he_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v he_o object_n 3._o will_v not_o such_o a_o law_n as_o this_o be_v very_o troublesome_a especial_o in_o fair_n and_o market_n and_o also_o to_o gentleman_n and_o lady_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v force_v for_o all_o good_n they_o buy_v above_o the_o value_n of_o 10_o l._n to_o give_v bill_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n i_o answer_v this_o law_n will_v not_o at_o all_o incomode_fw-fr gentleman_n as_o to_o what_o they_o buy_v in_o shop_n etc._n etc._n neither_o those_o that_o converse_v in_o fair_n and_o market_n for_o that_o which_o gentleman_n buy_v in_o shop_n etc._n etc._n and_o other_o in_o fair_n etc._n etc._n they_o either_o pay_v or_o promise_v ready_a money_n or_o else_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o time_n or_o payment_n which_o the_o law_n understand_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o promise_n of_o present_a pay_n so_o that_o if_o they_o give_v no_o bill_n there_o be_v no_o penalty_n attend_v the_o neglect_n or_o refusal_n but_o only_o that_o the_o contract_n between_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n shall_v be_v presume_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v as_o if_o it_o be_v make_v for_o ready_a money_n chap._n vi_o concern_v a_o court_n merchant_n i_o have_v conceive_v great_a hope_n from_o the_o late_a most_o prudent_a and_o charitable_a institution_n of_o that_o judicature_n for_o determination_n of_o difference_n touch_v house_n burn_v by_o the_o late_a fire_n in_o london_n that_o this_o kingdom_n will_v at_o length_n be_v bless_v with_o a_o happy_a method_n for_o the_o speedy_a easy_a and_o cheap_a decide_n of_o difference_n between_o merchant_n master_n of_o ship_n and_o seaman_n etc._n etc._n by_o some_o court_n or_o court_n of_o merchant_n like_o those_o which_o be_v establish_v in_o most_o of_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n in_o france_n holland_n and_o other_o place_n the_o want_n whereof_o in_o england_n be_v and_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o great_a bar_n to_o the_o progress_n and_o grandeur_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o merchant_n happen_v to_o have_v difference_n with_o master_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n upon_o charter-party_n or_o account_n beyond_o sea_n etc._n etc._n the_o suit_n be_v common_o first_o commence_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n where_o after_o tedious_a attendance_n and_o vast_a expense_n probable_o just_a before_o the_o cause_n shall_v come_v to_o determination_n it_o be_v either_o remove_v into_o the_o deligate_n where_o it_o may_v hang_v in_o suspense_n until_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n have_v empty_a purse_n and_o grey_a head_n or_o else_o because_o most_o contract_n for_o martain_n affair_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o most_o accident_n happen_v in_o some_o river_n or_o harbour_n here_o or_o beyond_o sea_n be_v not_o in_o alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr the_o defendant_n bring_v his_o writ_n of_o prohibition_n and_o remove_v the_o cause_n into_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o king's-bench_n where_o after_o great_a expense_n of_o time_n and_o money_n it_o be_v well_o if_o we_o can_v make_v our_o own_o council_n be_v common_a lawyer_n understand_v one_o half_a of_o our_o case_n we_o be_v among_o they_o as_o in_o a_o foreign_a country_n our_o language_n strange_a to_o they_o and_o they_o as_o strange_a to_o we_o after_o all_o no_o attestation_n of_o foreign_a notary_n nor_o other_o public_a instrument_n from_o beyond_o sea_n be_v evidence_n at_o law_n and_o the_o account_n depend_v consist_v perhaps_o of_o a_o hundred_o or_o more_o several_a article_n which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o issue_n at_o law_n the_o cause_n must_v come_v into_o the_o chancery_n where_o after_o many_o year_n tedious_a travel_n to_o westminster_n with_o black_a box_n and_o green_a bag_n when_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n have_v tire_v their_o body_n distract_v their_o mind_n and_o consume_v their_o estate_n the_o cause_n if_o ever_o it_o be_v end_v be_v common_o by_o order_n of_o that_o court_n refer_v to_o merchant_n end_v miserable_o where_o it_o may_v have_v have_v at_o first_o a_o happy_a issue_n if_o it_o have_v begin_v right_o from_o whence_o follow_v these_o national_a inconvenience_n 1._o it_o be_v a_o vast_a expense_n to_o the_o person_n concern_v 2._o it_o take_v off_o man_n from_o follow_v their_o calling_n to_o the_o public_a loss_n as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a damage_n of_o the_o concern_v that_o time_n be_v lose_v to_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v spend_v in_o law-suit_n 3._o it_o make_v man_n after_o they_o have_v once_o attain_v indifferent_a estate_n to_o leave_v trading_n and_o for_o ease_n to_o turn_v country-gentleman_n whereas_o great_a and_o experience_a man_n be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o must_v mate_v the_o dutch_a in_o trade_n if_o ever_o we_o do_v it_o 4._o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o prodigality_n idleness_n and_o injustice_n of_o many_o of_o our_o master_n of_o ship_n in_o england_n and_o consequent_o a_o wonderful_a bar_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o our_o english_a navigation_n who_o know_v that_o their_o owner_n can_v legal_o eject_v they_o especial_o if_o the_o master_n have_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n himself_o but_o that_o remedy_n to_o the_o owner_n will_v be_v worse_o than_o the_o disease_n which_o occasion_n master_n to_o presume_v to_o do_v those_o thing_n and_o be_v guilty_a of_o such_o neglect_v as_o natural_o they_o will_v not_o if_o they_o stand_v more_o upon_o their_o good_a behaviour_n i_o can_v say_v much_o more_o of_o the_o damage_n this_o nation_n sustain_v by_o the_o want_n of_o a_o law-merchant_n but_o that_o be_v so_o evident_a to_o all_o man_n experience_n that_o i_o shall_v not_o long_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o proceed_v humble_o to_o propose_v some_o particular_n which_o be_v due_o consider_v may_v peradventure_o by_o wise_a head_n be_v improve_v towards_o the_o cure_n of_o this_o evil_a viz._n 1._o that_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v erect_v within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n a_o stand_a court-merchant_n to_o consist_v of_o twelve_o able_a merchant_n such_o as_o shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o livery_n man_n of_o the_o say_a city_n in_o their_o common_a hall_n at_o the_o time_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n herein_o after_o limit_v and_o appoint_v 2._o that_o the_o say_v twelve_o person_n so_o to_o be_v elect_v or_o any_o three_o or_o more_o of_o they_o sit_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n and_o not_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v account_v judiciary_n merchant_n and_o authorize_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o difference_n and_o demand_n whatsoever_o which_o have_v arisen_a and_o be_v not_o hitherto_o determine_v or_o may_v any_o way_n arise_v between_o merchant_n tradesman_n artificer_n master_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n seaman_n boat-man_n and_o freighter_n of_o ship_n or_o any_o other_o person_n have_v relation_n to_o merchandize_v trade_n or_o ship_n for_o or_o concern_v any_o
desire_v those_o gentleman_n pardon_n from_o who_o i_o may_v differ_v in_o opinion_n have_v this_o to_o say_v for_o myself_o that_o i_o do_v it_o not_o rash_o this_o be_v a_o business_n that_o i_o have_v many_o year_n consider_v of_o and_o that_o not_o solitary_o but_o upon_o converse_n with_o the_o most_o skilful_a man_n in_o our_o several_a english_a woollen_a manufacture_n 1._o then_o i_o say_v those_o three_o forementioned_a particular_n which_o will_v natural_o keep_v our_o wool_n at_o home_n will_v as_o natural_o increase_v our_o woollen-manufacture_n 2._o negative_o i_o think_v that_o very_o few_o of_o our_o law_n now_o in_o force_n to_o this_o purpose_n though_o our_o statute-book_n be_v replenish_v with_o many_o have_v any_o tendency_n thereunto_o nor_o any_o thing_n i_o have_v yet_o see_v in_o print_n for_o 1_o st_o all_z our_o law_n relate_v to_o the_o aulnegeor_n duty_n every_o body_n know_v signify_v nothing_o to_o the_o increase_n or_o well-making_a our_o manufacture_n but_o be_v rather_o chargeable_a and_o prejudicial_a 2_o dly_z all_o our_o law_n that_o oblige_v our_o people_n to_o the_o make_n of_o strong_a substantial_a and_o as_o we_o call_v it_o loyal_a cloth_n of_o a_o certain_a length_n breadth_n and_o weight_n if_o they_o be_v due_o put_v in_o execution_n will_v in_o my_o opinion_n do_v more_o hurt_n than_o good_a because_o the_o humour_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o world_n change_n and_o at_o sometime_o in_o some_o place_n as_o now_o in_o most_o slight_a cheap_a light_a cloth_n will_v sell_v more_o plentiful_o and_o better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v heavy_a strong_a and_o true_a wrought_v and_o if_o we_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o world_n we_o must_v imitate_v the_o dutch_a who_o make_v the_o worst_a as_o well_o as_o the_o best_a of_o all_o manufacture_n that_o we_o may_v be_v in_o a_o capacity_n of_o serve_v all_o market_n and_o all_o humour_n 3_o dly_z i_o conclude_v all_o our_o law_n limit_v the_o number_n of_o loom_n number_v or_o kind_n of_o servant_n and_o time_n of_o work_v to_o be_v certain_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o clothing_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n though_o they_o be_v advantageous_a to_o some_o particular_a man_n or_o place_n who_o first_o procure_v those_o law_n of_o restriction_n and_o limitation_n 4_o thly_a i_o think_v all_o those_o law_n be_v prejudicial_a that_o prohibit_v a_o weaver_n from_o be_v a_o full_a tucker_n or_o dyar_n or_o a_o full_a or_o tucker_n from_o keep_v a_o loom_n 5_o thly_a i_o conculde_v that_o stretch_n of_o cloth_n by_o tentor_n though_o it_o be_v sometime_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o cloth_n be_v yet_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n and_o that_o the_o excess_n of_o strain_v can_v be_v certain_o limit_v by_o any_o law_n but_o must_v be_v lâ—ft_v to_o the_o seller_n or_o exporter_n discretion_n who_o best_o know_v what_o will_v please_v his_o customer_n beyond_o the_o sea_n beside_o if_o we_o shall_v whole_o prohibit_v strain_v of_o cloth_n the_o dutch_a as_o they_o have_v often_o do_v will_v buy_v our_o unstrain_a cloth_n and_o carry_v it_o into_o holland_n and_o there_o strain_v it_o to_o six_o or_o seven_o yard_n per_fw-la piece_n more_o in_o length_n and_o make_v it_o look_v a_o little_a better_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o after_o that_o carry_v it_o abroad_o to_o turkey_n and_o other_o market_n and_o there_o beat_v we_o out_o of_o trade_n with_o our_o own_o weapon_n but_o some_o may_v then_o ask_v i_o whether_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n to_o leave_v all_o man_n at_o liberty_n to_o make_v what_o cloth_n and_o sâ—uffs_n they_o please_v how_o they_o will_v where_o and_o when_o they_o will_v of_o any_o length_n or_o size_n i_o answer_v yes_o certain_o in_o my_o judgement_n it_o will_v be_v so_o except_o such_o species_n only_o as_o his_o majesty_n &_o the_o parliament_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v staple_n as_o suppose_v colchester_n bayeâ—_n perpetuanoes_n cheanye_n and_o some_o other_o sort_n of_o norwich_n stuff_v to_o be_v allow_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o public_a seal_n by_o which_o to_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v here_o and_o beyond_o sea_n as_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o public_a faith_n of_o england_n and_o wherever_o such_o seal_n be_v allow_v or_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v affix_v to_o any_o commodity_n i_o will_v desire_v the_o commodity_n shall_v be_v exact_o make_v according_a to_o the_o institution_n and_o always_o keep_v to_o its_o certain_a length_n breadth_n and_o goodness_n but_o in_o case_n any_o shall_v make_v of_o the_o say_a commodity_n worse_a than_o the_o institution_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v most_o for_o the_o public_a advantage_n to_o impose_v no_o penalty_n upon_o they_o but_o only_o deny_v they_o the_o benefit_n and_o reputation_n of_o the_o public_a seal_n to_o such_o bay_n or_o stuff_n as_o shall_v be_v so_o insufficient_a which_o in_o my_o opinion_n will_v be_v punishment_n 〈…〉_o those_o that_o shall_v make_v worse_o than_o thâ—_n standard_n and_o advantage_n enough_o to_o those_o that_o shall_v keep_v to_o it_o 2._o for_o all_o cloth_n and_o stuff_v not_o be_v make_v staples_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n that_o the_o maker_n do_v weave_v in_o their_o mark_n and_o affix_v their_o own_o seal_n contain_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o piece_n as_o have_v be_v provide_v in_o some_o statute_n and_o that_o no_o maker_n under_o severe_a penalty_n shall_v use_v another_o mark_n or_o seal_n with_o such_o penalty_n to_o every_o marker_n or_o seller_n who_o cloth_n or_o stuff_n shall_v not_o contain_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n set_v upon_o the_o seal_n as_o his_o majesty_n and_o the_o parliament_n shall_v think_v sit_v 3._o if_o the_o maker_n of_o all_o stuff_n whatsoever_o for_o exportation_n whether_o sâ—aples_n or_o not_o which_o be_v common_o sell_v by_o the_o piece_n and_o not_o by_o the_o yard_n or_o ell_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v they_o no_o short_a than_o ancient_o they_o have_v be_v make_v the_o particular_a length_n of_o each_o sort_n whereof_o may_v be_v provide_v for_o and_o express_v in_o the_o act_n this_o good_a effect_n will_v follow_v upon_o it_o viz._n at_o all_o foreign_a market_n where_o we_o pay_v a_o great_a custom_n by_o the_o piece_n according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n currant_n in_o the_o several_a country_n we_o shall_v pay_v but_o the_o same_o custom_n abroad_o for_o a_o piece_n of_o full_a length_n which_o now_o we_o do_v for_o one_o that_o iâ—_n short_a notwithstanding_o i_o conceive_v it_o will_v be_v expedient_a to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o maker_n discretion_n to_o make_v their_o piece_n as_o much_o long_a as_o they_o please_v chap._n ix_o concern_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n that_o the_o greatness_n of_o this_o kingdom_n depend_v upon_o foreign_a trade_n be_v acknowledge_v and_o therefore_o the_o interest_n of_o trade_n not_o unbecoming_a person_n of_o the_o high_a rank_n and_o of_o this_o study_n as_o well_o as_o other_o it_o may_v be_v say_v there_o be_v a_o infinite_a in_o it_o none_o though_o of_o the_o large_a intelect_v and_o experience_n be_v able_a to_o fathom_v its_o utmost_a depth_n among_o other_o thing_n relate_v to_o trade_n their_o have_v be_v much_o discourse_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n the_o right_a understanding_n whereof_o may_v be_v of_o singular_a use_n and_o serve_v as_o a_o compass_n to_o steer_v by_o in_o the_o contemplation_n and_o propagation_n of_o trade_n for_o public_a advantage_n the_o balance_n of_o trade_n be_v common_o understand_v two_o way_n 1._o general_o something_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v know_v whether_o this_o kingdom_n gain_v or_o lose_v by_o foreign_a trade_n 2._o particular_o something_o whereby_o we_o may_v know_v by_o what_o trade_n this_o kingdom_n gain_v and_o by_o what_o trade_n it_o lose_v for_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v the_o most_o general_a receive_v opinion_n and_o that_o not_o ill_o ground_v that_o this_o balance_n be_v to_o be_v take_v by_o a_o strict_a scrutiny_n of_o what_o proportion_n the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n export_v out_o of_o this_o kingdom_n bear_v to_o those_o import_v and_o if_o the_o export_n exceed_v the_o import_v it_o be_v conclude_v the_o nation_n get_v by_o the_o general_a course_n of_o its_o trade_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o over-plush_n be_v import_v in_o bulloin_n and_o so_o add_v to_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v take_v for_o the_o measure_n and_o standard_n of_o riches_n 2._o this_o rule_n be_v not_o only_o common_o apply_v to_o the_o general_a course_n of_o foreign_a trade_n but_o to_o particular_a trade_n to_o and_o from_o this_o nation_n to_o any_o other_o now_o although_o this_o notion_n have_v much_o of_o
order_n to_o the_o building_n and_o supply_v our_o ship_n that_o without_o they_o other_o trade_n can_v not_o be_v carry_v on_o it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v by_o the_o honourable_a east-india_n company_n but_o they_o import_v much_o more_o good_n into_o england_n than_o they_o export_v &_o that_o to_o purchase_v the_o same_o they_o carry_v out_o quantity_n of_o gold_n &_o silver_n annual_o yet_o no_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o world_n will_v affirm_v that_o england_n lose_v by_o that_o trade_n the_o dutch_a with_o good_a reason_n esteem_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o east-indies_n more_o profitable_a to_o they_o than_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o america_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o if_o the_o english_a company_n be_v vest_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n with_o so_o much_o authority_n as_o the_o dutch_a have_v and_o thereby_o encourage_v to_o drive_v as_o full_a a_o trade_n thither_o as_o the_o dutch_a do_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v so_o not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o private_a gain_n of_o the_o member_n of_o that_o company_n as_o the_o public_a profit_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o general_a however_o as_o it_o be_v it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o beneficial_a trade_n this_o nation_n drive_v at_o present_a for_o 1_o st_o that_o trade_n constant_o employ_v twenty_o five_o to_o thirty_o sail_n of_o the_o most_o warlike_a ship_n in_o england_n with_o sixty_o to_o a_o hundred_o man_n in_o each_o ship_n and_o may_v in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n more_o employ_v a_o great_a number_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o carry_v on_o that_o trade_n that_o company_n have_v late_o unconstrained_a give_v considerable_a encouragement_n for_o the_o build_n of_o great_a ship_n which_o have_v have_v good_a effect_n 2_o dly_z it_o supply_v the_o nation_n constant_o and_o full_o with_o that_o in_o this_o age_n necessary_a material_a of_o salt-petre_n 3_o dly_z it_o employ_v the_o nation_n for_o its_o consumption_n with_o pepper_n indigo_n calico_n and_o several_a useful_a drug_n near_o the_o value_n of_o 150000_o l._n to_o 180000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 4_o thly_a it_o furnish_v we_o with_o pepper_n cowrye_n long-cloth_n and_o other_o calico_n and_o paint_a stuff_n proper_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o turkey_n italy_n spain_n france_n and_o guiny_n to_o the_o amount_v of_o 2_o or_o 300000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la most_o of_o which_o trade_n we_o can_v not_o carry_v on_o with_o any_o considerable_a advantage_n but_o for_o those_o supply_n and_o these_o good_n export_v do_v produce_v in_o foreign_a part_n to_o be_v return_v to_o england_n six_o time_n the_o treasure_n in_o specie_fw-la that_o the_o company_n export_v from_o hence_o now_o if_o not_o only_o the_o aforesaid_a advantage_n be_v serious_o consider_v but_o also_o what_o detriment_n the_o nation_n will_v sustain_v if_o we_o be_v deprive_v of_o those_o supply_n both_o in_o point_n of_o strength_n and_o warlike_a provision_n in_o regard_n of_o ship_n and_o salt-petre_n but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o furtherance_n it_o give_v to_o many_o other_o trade_n beforementioned_a it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o this_o trade_n though_o its_o import_v exceed_v its_o export_n be_v the_o most_o advantageous_a trade_n to_o england_n and_o deserve_v all_o encouragement_n for_o be_v we_o to_o buy_v all_o our_o pepper_n and_o calico_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o dutch_a they_o will_v raise_v our_o pepper_n which_o now_o stand_v the_o nation_n but_o about_o 3_o d._n per_fw-la pound_n in_o india_n to_o or_o near_o the_o proportion_n which_o they_o have_v advance_v on_o nutmeg_n clove_n and_o mace_n which_o cost_v the_o dutch_a not_o much_o more_o per_fw-mi pound_n in_o india_n than_o pepper_n since_o they_o engross_v the_o trade_n for_o those_o commodity_n and_o the_o use_n of_o callico_n in_o england_n will_v be_v supply_v by_o foreign_a linen_n at_o great_a price_n so_o that_o what_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o this_o nation_n be_v consumption_n will_v in_o probability_n cost_v they_o above_o 400000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la more_o than_o now_o it_o do_v and_o our_o foreign_a trade_n for_o italy_n guiny_n etc._n etc._n will_v in_o part_n decay_n for_o want_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a supply_n there_o be_v another_o notion_n concern_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n which_o i_o think_v not_o impertinent_a here_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o viz._n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o way_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o nation_n get_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o general_a by_o its_o foregoing_a trade_n be_v to_o take_v a_o inspection_n into_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n be_v general_o above_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n or_o par_fw-fr of_o the_o coin_n of_o foreign_a country_n we_o not_o only_o lose_v by_o such_o exchange_n but_o the_o same_o be_v a_o demonstration_n that_o we_o lose_v by_o the_o general_a course_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n and_o that_o we_o require_v more_o supply_n of_o commodity_n from_o abroad_o than_o our_o export_n in_o good_n do_v serve_v to_o purchase_v and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o when_o once_o the_o exchange_n come_v to_o be_v 5_o or_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z above_o the_o true_a value_n of_o foreign_a money_n our_o treasure_n will_v be_v carry_v out_o whatever_o law_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o prevent_v it_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o the_o exchange_n be_v general_o below_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o foreign_a coin_n it_o be_v a_o evidence_n that_o our_o export_n do_v in_o value_n exceed_v what_o we_o require_v from_o abroad_o and_o so_o if_o the_o exchange_n come_v to_o be_v 5_o or_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z below_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o foreign_a coin_n return_n will_v be_v make_v for_o england_n in_o the_o coin_n of_o foreign_a country_n now_o that_o there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o truth_n in_o this_o notion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v and_o that_o the_o diligent_a observance_n and_o consideration_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n may_v be_v of_o use_n and_o very_o necessary_a in_o many_o respect_n and_o be_v a_o very_a ingenivous_a study_n for_o any_o that_o will_v dive_v into_o the_o mystery_n of_o trade_n yet_o because_o this_o be_v likewise_o subject_a to_o vary_v on_o many_o accident_n of_o emergency_n of_o state_n and_o war_n etc._n etc._n &_o because_o there_o be_v no_o settle_a course_n of_o exchange_n but_o to_o and_o from_o france_n holland_n flanders_n hambrough_n venice_n legorn_v &_o genoa_n and_o that_o there_o be_v many_o other_o great_a and_o eminent_a trade_n beside_o what_o be_v drive_v to_o those_o country_n this_o can_v afford_v a_o true_a and_o satisfactory_a solution_n to_o the_o present_a question_n thus_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o these_o notion_n touch_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n though_o they_o be_v in_o their_o kind_n useful_a notion_n be_v in_o some_o case_n fallible_a and_o uncertain_a if_o any_o shall_v ask_v how_o shall_v we_o then_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v of_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n i_o answer_v first_o the_o best_a and_o most_o certain_a discovery_n to_o my_o apprehension_n be_v to_o be_v make_v fâ—om_o the_o increase_n or_o diminution_n of_o our_o â—rade_n and_o ship_n in_o general_a for_o if_o our_o trade_n and_o ship_n diminish_v whatever_o profit_n particular_a man_n may_v make_v the_o nation_n undoubted_o lose_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o our_o trade_n and_o ship_n increase_v how_o small_a or_o low_o soever_o the_o profit_n be_v to_o private_a man_n it_o be_v a_o infallible_a indication_n that_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n thrive_v for_o i_o dare_v affirm_v and_o that_o catagorical_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n wherever_o trade_n be_v great_a and_o continue_v so_o and_o grow_v daily_o more_o great_a and_o increase_v in_o ship_n and_o that_o for_o a_o succession_n not_o of_o a_o few_o year_n but_o of_o age_n that_o trade_n must_v be_v national_o profitable_a as_o a_o town_n where_o only_o a_o fair_a be_v keep_v if_o every_o year_n the_o number_n of_o people_n and_o commodity_n do_v augment_v that_o town_n however_o the_o market_n be_v will_v gain_v whereas_o if_o there_o come_v still_o few_o and_o few_o peâ—ple_n and_o commodity_n that_o place_n will_v decline_v and_o decay_v discourse_v once_o with_o a_o noble_a lord_n concern_v this_o measure_n or_o method_n of_o know_v the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n or_o more_o plain_o our_o general_a national_a gain_v or_o loss_n by_o trade_n his_o lordship_n be_v please_v to_o oppose_v by_o ask_v two_o very_o proper_a question_n viz._n quest._n 1._o be_v there_o not_o a_o great_a similitude_n between_o the_o affair_n of_o a_o private_a person_n and_o of_o a_o nation_n the_o former_a be_v but_o a_o little_a family_n and_o the_o latter_a a_o great_a family_n i_o
answer_v yes_o certain_o there_o be_v quest._n 2._o his_o lordship_n second_o question_n be_v may_v not_o a_o private_a merchant_n be_v or_o seem_v to_o be_v owner_n of_o much_o ship_n drive_v a_o great_a trade_n receive_v and_o send_v out_o many_o good_n and_o yet_o decline_v and_o grow_v poor_a notwithstanding_o all_o his_o tumble_a and_o bussel_v i_o answer_v yes_o certain_o he_o may_v but_o this_o will_v soon_o appear_v either_o while_o he_o live_v or_o at_o his_o death_n and_o his_o great_a trade_n will_v come_v to_o be_v but_o a_o small_a one_o or_o none_o at_o all_o but_o that_o man_n who_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n and_o be_v owner_n or_o employer_n of_o much_o ship_n and_o do_v all_o his_o day_n continue_v and_o increase_v in_o trade_n and_o ship_n and_o his_o son_n or_o successor_n after_o he_o and_o after_o he_o his_o grand_a son_n etc._n etc._n this_o will_v be_v a_o indisputable_a evidence_n that_o that_o person_n or_o family_n do_v thrive_v by_o their_o trade_n for_o if_o they_o have_v not_o thrive_v their_o trade_n will_v not_o have_v long_o continue_v muchless_a increase_v this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o nation_n and_o this_o through_o god_n goodness_n be_v the_o case_n of_o england_n as_o bad_a as_o we_o be_v at_o present_a the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v as_o evident_a as_o the_o first_o for_o where_o a_o great_a trade_n be_v drive_v especial_o where_o much_o ship_n be_v employ_v whatever_o become_v of_o the_o poor_a merchant_n that_o drive_v the_o trade_n multitude_n of_o people_n will_v be_v certain_a gainer_n as_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o officer_n of_o custom_n beside_o shipwright_n butcher_n brewer_n baker_n rope-maker_n porter_n seaman_n manufacturer_n carman_n lighter-man_n and_o all_o other_o artificer_n and_o people_n that_o depend_v on_o trade_n and_o ship_n which_o indeed_o more_o or_o less_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n do_v but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v again_o if_o this_o increase_n of_o trade_n depend_v upon_o and_o proceed_v from_o our_o ordinary_a importation_n for_o which_o our_o ready_a money_n go_v out_o it_o will_v impoverish_v we_o i_o answer_v in_o some_o case_n it_o may_v be_v so_o and_o in_o some_o case_n as_o i_o have_v already_o demonstrate_v it_o may_v be_v otherwise_o but_o that_o will_v best_o be_v know_v by_o the_o effect_n for_o if_o we_o be_v impoverish_v our_o general_a trade_n and_o our_o ship_n will_v necessary_o and_o visible_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o and_o must_v rational_o and_o unavoidable_o do_v so_o for_o that_o be_v impoverish_v we_o shall_v lose_v our_o tool_n our_o stock_n to_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o our_o trade_n in_o the_o gross_a bulk_n of_o it_o though_o we_o may_v decline_v in_o some_o do_v still_o increase_v especial_o our_o ship_n for_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o year_n it_o be_v infallible_a proof_n of_o our_o thrive_a by_o our_o trade_n and_o that_o we_o be_v still_o get_v more_o tool_n more_o stock_n to_o trade_v with_o some_o there_o be_v will_v limit_v this_o discovery_n to_o the_o increase_n and_o dimunition_n of_o our_o coin_n and_o bulloin_v but_o because_o that_o be_v more_o secret_a and_o indiscernible_a it_o can_v i_o conceive_v afford_v so_o clear_a a_o demonstration_n as_o the_o other_o if_o any_o at_o all_o for_o that_o money_n seem_v to_o vulgar_a observer_n most_o plentiful_a when_o there_o be_v least_o occasion_n for_o it_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a more_o scarce_o as_o the_o occasion_n for_o the_o employment_n thereof_o be_v more_o numerous_a and_o advantageous_a according_a to_o which_o we_o shall_v seem_v to_o have_v most_o money_n when_o we_o have_v the_o least_o trade_n and_o yet_o then_o certain_o the_o nation_n get_v least_o this_o be_v apparent_a to_o those_o that_o will_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o east-india-company_n have_v a_o great_a sale_n to_o make_v than_o money_n be_v general_o find_v to_o be_v scarce_o in_o london_n not_o that_o be_v so_o in_o reality_n more_o than_o at_o other_o time_n but_o because_o that_o extraordinary_a occasion_n engage_v man_n to_o employ_v quantity_n which_o they_o provide_v and_o lay_v aside_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o a_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n make_v money_n seem_v scarce_o because_o every_o man_n then_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v make_v up_o a_o small_a sum_n send_v it_o into_o the_o goldsmith_n whereof_o more_o be_v say_v before_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o discourse_n i_o answer_v that_o though_o the_o study_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o last_o mention_v respect_n be_v a_o study_n very_o ingenious_a and_o commendable_a yet_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n the_o enquiry_n whether_o we_o get_v or_o lose_v do_v not_o so_o much_o deserve_v our_o great_a pain_n and_o care_n as_o how_o we_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o get_v the_o former_a be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o in_o order_n to_o the_o latter_a and_o this_o therefore_o lead_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o other_o balance_n of_o trade_n as_o most_o useful_a and_o necessary_a viz._n what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o england_n to_o improve_v the_o trade_n thereof_o to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o equalise_v or_o overbalance_n our_o neighbour_n in_o our_o national_a profit_n by_o our_o foreign_a trade_n i_o answer_v this_o be_v a_o large_a and_o extensive_a question_n and_o require_v to_o resolve_v it_o the_o great_a skill_n and_o experience_n both_o in_o affair_n of_o state_n and_o trade_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v only_o make_v a_o essay_n towards_o it_o which_o the_o whole_a discourse_n foregoing_a be_v and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v accept_v of_o my_o good_a affection_n to_o my_o country_n herein_o though_o he_o meet_v not_o with_o that_o full_a satisfaction_n he_o may_v expect_v and_o wish_v foâ—_n the_o method_n i_o propose_v for_o the_o further_o answer_v of_o this_o great_a question_n be_v follow_v my_o own_o principle_n that_o if_o trade_n be_v great_a and_o much_o english_a ship_n employ_v it_o will_v be_v good_a for_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n whatever_o it_o may_v be_v for_o private_a merchant_n first_o to_o lay_v down_o some_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o trade_n in_o england_n and_o then_o some_o way_n of_o reduce_v those_o general_a rule_n into_o use_n and_o practice_n the_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o trade_n be_v not_o many_o 1._o increase_v hand_n in_o trade_n 2._o increase_v stock_n in_o trade_n 3._o make_v trade_n easy_a and_o ncessary_a i._n e._n make_v it_o our_o interest_n to_o trade_n 4._o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o 1._o to_o increase_v hand_n in_o trade_n the_o follow_a particular_n will_v much_o contribute_v one_a a_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n beforementioned_a 2._o some_o enlargement_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o society_n of_o merchant_n as_o before-limitted_n 3._o a_o more_o easy_a and_o free_a admission_n of_o inhabitant_n merchant_n and_o artificer_n to_o be_v burgher_n of_o our_o city_n and_o bourough_n 4._o not_o to_o hinder_v any_o man_n from_o keep_v as_o many_o servant_n as_o he_o can_v nor_o loom_n working-tool_n etc._n etc._n 5._o to_o abate_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n as_o aforesaid_a 6._o some_o relaxation_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n will_v keep_v our_o own_o people_n at_o home_n and_o invite_v other_o to_o we_o and_o consequent_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o our_o hand_n in_o trade_n 7._o employ_v educate_v and_o relieve_v the_o poor_a so_o as_o they_o may_v neither_o be_v idle_a nor_o perish_v for_o want_n or_o leave_v the_o land_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o misery_n 8._o give_v such_o honour_n and_o perferment_n to_o merchant_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o their_o experience_n &_o education_n have_v fit_v they_o for_o will_v doubtless_o increase_v their_o number_n te_fw-la increase_v our_o stock_n in_o trade_n 1._o all_o the_o six_o foregoing_a particular_n will_v very_o much_o contribute_v especial_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n because_o bring_v in_o of_o more_o stock_n for_o that_o the_o person_n engage_v in_o trade_n must_v necessary_o bring_v in_o their_o stock_n with_o they_o if_o they_o have_v any_o and_o for_o artiâ—icers_n that_o have_v none_o their_o labour_n in_o consequence_n will_v generate_v stock_n to_o the_o nation_n and_o increase_v that_o we_o have_v already_o 2._o a_o law_n for_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n as_o beforementioned_a will_v much_o and_o speedy_o augment_v our_o useful_a stock_n 3._o the_o restrain_v of_o the_o trade_n of_o our_o own_o plantation_n whole_o to_o england_n and_o prevent_v all_o kind_n of_o abuse_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o act_n of_o trade_n and_o navigation_n will_v tend_v much_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o stock_n in_o trade_n 4._o the_o secure_n
english_a cloth_n and_o from_o who_o territory_n we_o receive_v great_a quantity_n of_o currant_n purchase_v with_o our_o ready_a money_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o advantageous_a for_o england_n that_o that_o importation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o importation_n of_o wrought-glasse_n drinking-glass_n and_o other_o manufacture_n from_o thence_o shall_v be_v discourage_v it_o be_v suppose_v we_o can_v now_o make_v they_o as_o well_o ourselves_o in_o england_n the_o trade_n for_o cannary-wine_n i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o most_o pernicious_a trade_n to_o england_n because_o those_o island_n consume_v very_o little_a of_o our_o manufacture_n fish_n or_o other_o english_a commodity_n neither_o do_v they_o furnish_v we_o with_o any_o commodity_n to_o be_v further_o manufacture_v here_o or_o re-exported_n the_o wine_n we_o bring_v from_o thence_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n purchase_v with_o ready_a money_n so_o that_o to_o my_o apprehension_n something_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v to_o compel_v those_o islander_n to_o spend_v more_o of_o our_o english_a commodity_n and_o to_o sell_v their_o wine_n cheap_a which_o every_o year_n they_o advance_v in_o price_n or_o else_o to_o lessen_v the_o consumption_n of_o they_o in_o england_n i_o have_v in_o this_o last_o discourse_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n as_o well_o as_o in_o my_o former_a confine_v myself_o to_o write_v only_o general_a head_n and_o principle_n that_o relate_v unto_o trade_n in_o general_n not_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a trade_n because_o the_o several_a trade_n to_o several_a country_n may_v require_v distinct_a and_o particular_a consideration_n respect_v the_o time_n place_n competitor_n with_o we_o and_o other_o circumstance_n to_o find_v out_o wherein_o our_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n lie_v and_o how_o to_o improve_v the_o former_a and_o prevent_v the_o latter_a but_o as_o this_o will_v be_v too_o great_a a_o work_n for_o one_o man_n so_o i_o fear_v it_o will_v make_v this_o too_o great_a a_o book_n to_o be_v well_o read_v and_o consider_v but_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o treatise_n i_o have_v brief_o mention_v many_o particular_a trade_n that_o we_o have_v lose_v and_o be_v lose_v and_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o many_o trade_n that_o we_o yet_o retain_v and_o be_v increase_a and_o how_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v so_o which_o may_v give_v some_o light_n to_o a_o clear_a discovery_n and_o inspection_n into_o particular_a trade_n unto_o which_o ingenious_a man_n that_o have_v heart_n to_o serve_v their_o country_n in_o this_o so_o necessary_a work_n at_o this_o time_n may_v add_v and_o further_o improve_v by_o the_o advantage_n of_o ability_n to_o express_v their_o sentiment_n in_o a_o more_o intelligible_a and_o pausible_a style_n but_o when_o i_o and_o other_o have_v say_v all_o we_o can_v a_o low_a interest_n be_v as_o the_o soul_n to_o the_o body_n of_o trade_n it_o be_v the_o sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la to_o the_o prosperity_n and_o advancement_n to_o the_o land_n and_o trade_n of_o england_n chap._n x._o concern_v plantation_n the_o trade_n of_o our_o english_a plantation_n in_o america_n be_v now_o of_o as_o great_a bulk_n and_o employ_v as_o much_o ship_n as_o most_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o seem_v not_o unnecessary_a to_o discourse_n more_o at_o large_a concern_v the_o nature_n of_o â—lantations_n and_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a consequence_n of_o tâ—em_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o and_o other_o kingdom_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o some_o gentleman_n of_o no_o mean_a capacity_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o his_o majesty_n be_v plantation_n abroad_o have_v very_o much_o prejudice_v this_o kingdom_n by_o drain_n we_o of_o our_o people_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o which_o opinion_n they_o urge_v the_o example_n of_o spain_n which_o they_o say_v be_v almost_o ruin_v by_o the_o depopulation_n which_o the_o west-indies_n have_v occasion_v to_o the_o end_n therefore_o a_o more_o particular_a scrutiny_n may_v be_v make_v into_o this_o maâ—ter_n i_o shall_v humble_o offer_v my_o opinion_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n and_o then_o give_v those_o reason_n of_o probability_n which_o present_o occur_v to_o my_o memory_n in_o confirmation_n of_o each_o proposition_n 1._o first_o i_o agree_v that_o land_n though_o excellent_a without_o hand_n proportionable_a will_v not_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n 2._o that_o whatever_o tend_v to_o the_o depopulate_v of_o a_o kingdom_n tend_v to_o the_o impoverishment_n of_o it_o 3._o tâ—at_n most_o nation_n in_o the_o civilise_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rich_a or_o poor_a proportionable_o to_o the_o paucity_n or_o plenty_n of_o their_o people_n and_o not_o to_o the_o sterility_n or_o fruitfulness_n of_o their_o landâ—_n 4._o i_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o our_o people_n in_o england_n be_v in_o any_o considerable_a measure_n abate_v by_o reason_n of_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n but_o propose_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n 5._o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o we_o â—ad_v immediate_o before_o the_o late_a plague_n many_o more_o people_n in_o england_n then_o we_o have_v before_o the_o inhabit_v of_o virginia_n new-england_n barbadoe_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o american_n plantation_n 6._o that_o all_o colony_n or_o plantation_n do_v endamage_v their_o mother-kingdom_n whereof_o the_o trade_n of_o such_o plantation_n be_v not_o confine_v by_o severe_a law_n and_o good_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n to_o the_o mother-kingdom_n 7._o that_o the_o dutch_a will_v reap_v the_o great_a advantage_n by_o all_o colony_n issue_v from_o any_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n whereof_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o confine_v to_o the_o proper_a mother-kingdom_n 8._o that_o the_o dutch_a though_o they_o thrive_v so_o exceed_o in_o trade_n will_v in_o probability_n never_o endamage_v this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o plantation_n 9_o that_o neither_o the_o french_a spaniard_n nor_o portugeez_n be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v on_o that_o account_n not_o for_o the_o same_o but_o for_o other_o cause_n 10._o that_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o england_n that_o newfoundland_n shall_v remain_v vnplanted_a than_o that_o colony_n shall_v be_v send_v or_o permit_v to_o go_v thither_o to_o inhabit_v with_o a_o governor_n law_n etc._n etc._n 11._o that_o new-england_n be_v the_o most_o prejudicial_a plantation_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n i._o that_o land_n though_o in_o their_o nature_n excellent_o good_a without_o hand_n proportionable_a will_v not_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n this_o first_o proposition_n i_o suppose_v will_v ready_o be_v assent_v to_o by_o all_o judicious_a person_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v only_o allege_v matter_n of_o fact_n the_o land_n of_o palestine_n once_o the_o rich_a country_n in_o the_o universe_n since_o it_o come_v under_o the_o turk_n dominion_n and_o consequent_o unpeople_v be_v now_o become_v the_o poor_a andaluzia_n and_o granada_n former_o wonderful_a rich_a and_o full_a of_o good_a town_n since_o dis-peopled_n by_o the_o spaniard_n by_o expultion_n of_o the_o moor_n many_o of_o their_o town_n and_o brave_a country_n house_n be_v fall_v into_o rubbish_n and_o their_o whole_a country_n into_o miserable_a poverty_n though_o their_o land_n natural_o be_v prodigious_o fertile_a a_o hundred_o other_o instance_n of_o fact_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n ii_o whatever_o tend_v to_o the_o populate_v of_o a_o kingdom_n tend_v to_o the_o improvement_n of_o it_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v grant_v i_o suppose_v this_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v and_o of_o the_o mean_n viz._n good_a law_n whereby_o any_o kingdom_n may_v be_v populate_v and_o consequent_o enrich_v be_v in_o effect_n the_o substance_n and_o design_n of_o all_o my_o forego_n discourse_n to_o which_o for_o avoid_v repartition_n i_o must_v pray_v the_o reader_n be_v retrospection_n iii_o that_o most_o nation_n in_o the_o civilise_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rich_a or_o poor_a proportionable_a to_o the_o paucity_n or_o plenty_n of_o their_o people_n this_o three_o be_v a_o consequent_a of_o the_o two_o former_a proposition_n and_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v a_o witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o the_o seven_o unite_a province_n be_v certain_o the_o most_o populous_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o christendom_n and_o for_o their_o bigness_n undoubted_o the_o rich_a england_n for_o its_o bigness_n except_o our_o forest_n waste_v and_o commons_o which_o by_o our_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n be_v bare_v from_o improvement_n i_o hope_v be_v yet_o a_o more_o populous_a country_n than_o france_n and_o consequent_o rich_a i_o say_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o bigness_n itaâ—y_n in_o like_a proportion_n more_o populous_a than_o france_n and_o rich_a and_o france_n more_o populous_a and_o rich_a than_o spain_n etc._n etc._n iv_o i_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o our_o people_n in_o england_n be_v in_o any_o considerable_a
yet_o retain_v a_o sufficient_a number_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n and_o cultivate_v our_o land_n at_o home_n i_o answer_v first_o the_o bigness_n of_o army_n be_v not_o always_o a_o certain_a indication_n of_o the_o numerousness_n of_o a_o nation_n but_o sometime_o rather_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n and_o distrubation_n of_o the_o land_n as_o for_o instance_n where_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n be_v owner_n of_o the_o whole_a territory_n although_o the_o people_n be_v thin_a the_o army_n upon_o occasion_n may_v be_v very_o great_a as_o in_o east-india_n turkey_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n where_o taffelet_n be_v late_o say_v to_o have_v a_o army_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o or_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n although_o every_o body_n know_v that_o country_n have_v as_o great_a a_o scarcety_n of_o people_n as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n but_o since_o freeholders_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v in_o england_n &_o the_o servile_a tenor_n alter_v doubtless_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a as_o well_o as_o more_o chargeable_a to_o draw_v great_a number_n of_o man_n into_o foreign_a war_n 2._o since_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o new_a artillery_n of_o powder_n shoot_v and_o fire-arm_n in_o the_o world_n all_o war_n be_v become_v as_o much_o rather_o a_o expense_n of_o money_n as_o man_n and_o success_n attend_v those_o that_o can_v most_o &_o long_a spend_v money_n rather_o than_o man_n and_o consequent_o prince_n army_n in_o europe_n be_v become_v more_o proportionable_a to_o their_o purse_n then_o to_o the_o number_n of_o their_o people_n vi_o that_o all_o colony_n and_o foreign_a plantation_n do_v endamage_v their_o mother-kingdom_n whereof_o the_o trade_n of_o such_o plantation_n be_v noâ—_n confine_v to_o their_o say_a mother_n kingdom_n by_o good_a law_n and_o severe_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n 1._o the_o practice_n of_o all_o the_o government_n of_o europe_n witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n the_o dane_n keep_v the_o trade_n of_o izland_n to_o themselves_o the_o dutch_a surrenham_n and_o all_o their_o settlement_n in_o east-india_n the_o french_a st_n christopher_n and_o their_o other_o plantation_n in_o the_o west-indies_n the_o portugeeze_n brazil_n and_o all_o the_o coast_n thereof_o the_o spaniard_n all_o their_o vast_a terriories_fw-la upon_o the_o main_a in_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o many_o island_n there_o and_o our_o own_o law_n seem_v to_o design_n the_o like_a as_o to_o all_o our_o plantation_n in_o new-england_n virginia_n barbadoes_n etc._n etc._n although_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o arrive_v to_o a_o complete_a and_o effectual_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n 2._o plantation_n be_v at_o first_o furnish_v and_o afterward_o successive_o supply_v with_o people_n from_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n and_o people_n be_v riches_n that_o loss_n of_o people_n to_o the_o mother_n kingdom_n be_v it_o more_o or_o less_o be_v certain_o a_o damage_n except_o the_o employment_n of_o those_o people_n abroad_o do_v cause_n the_o employment_n of_o so_o many_o more_o at_o home_n in_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n and_o that_o can_v never_o be_v except_o the_o trade_n be_v restrain_v to_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n which_o will_v not_o be_v doubt_v by_o any_o that_o understand_v the_o next_o proposition_n viz._n vii_o that_o the_o dutch_a will_v reap_v the_o great_a advantage_n by_o all_o colony_n issue_v from_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n whereof_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o confine_v to_o their_o proper_a mother_n kingdom_n this_o proposition_n will_v ready_o be_v assent_v unto_o by_o any_o that_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o low_a interest_n and_o low_a custom_n where_o the_o market_n be_v free_a they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o have_v the_o trade_n that_o can_v sell_v the_o best_a pennyworth_n that_o buy_v dear_a and_o sell_v cheap_a which_o national_o speak_v none_o can_v do_v but_o those_o that_o money_n at_o the_o low_a rate_n of_o interest_n and_o pay_v the_o least_o custom_n which_o be_v the_o dutch_a and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o before_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n there_o go_v ten_o dutch_a ship_n to_o barbadoes_n for_o one_o english_a viii_o that_o the_o dutch_a though_o they_o thrive_v so_o exceed_o in_o trade_n will_v in_o probability_n never_o endamage_v this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o plantation_n 1._o in_o fact_n the_o dutch_a never_o do_v much_o thrive_v in_o plant_v for_o i_o do_v remember_v they_o have_v about_o twenty_o year_n past_a tabago_n a_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o west-indies_n apt_a for_o the_o production_n of_o sugar_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n that_o be_v propagate_v in_o barbadoes_n and_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v planter_n affirm_v better_o accommodate_v with_o river_n for_o water-mill_n which_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o grind_v of_o the_o cane_n this_o island_n be_v still_o in_o their_o possession_n and_o corasoa_n and_o some_o other_o and_o about_o sixteen_o or_o seventeen_o year_n past_a they_o be_v so_o eager_a upon_o the_o improvement_n of_o it_o that_o beside_o what_o they_o do_v in_o holland_n they_o set_v up_o bill_n upon_o the_o exchange_n in_o london_n proffer_v great_a privilege_n to_o any_o that_o will_v transport_v themselves_o thither_o notwithstanding_o all_o which_o to_o this_o day_n that_o island_n be_v not_o the_o ten_o part_n so_o well_o improve_v as_o jamaica_n have_v be_v by_o the_o english_a within_o these_o five_o year_n neither_o have_v the_o dutch_a at_o any_o other_o time_n or_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n make_v any_o improvement_n by_o plant_v what_o they_o do_v in_o the_o east-indies_n be_v only_o by_o war_n trade_n and_o building_n of_o fortify_v town_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n to_o secure_v the_o sole_a commerce_n of_o the_o place_n and_o with_o the_o people_n which_o they_o conquer_v not_o by_o clear_v break_v up_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o plant_v as_o the_o english_a have_v do_v this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n of_o fact_n to_o my_o present_a purpose_n 2._o the_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o proposition_n be_v from_o reason_n i_o have_v beforementioned_a the_o several_a accident_n and_o method_n by_o which_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n come_v to_o be_v people_v and_o emprove_v now_o the_o dutch_a be_v void_a of_o those_o accident_n be_v destitute_a of_o the_o occasion_n to_o emprove_v foreign_a plantation_n by_o dige_v and_o delve_v as_o the_o english_a have_v do_v for_o 1_o st_o in_o holland_n their_o interest_n and_o custom_n be_v low_a together_o with_o their_o other_o encouragement_n to_o trade_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n give_v employment_n to_o all_o their_o people_n bear_v and_o breed_v among_o they_o and_o also_o to_o multitude_n of_o foreigner_n 2._o their_o give_a liberty_n or_o at_o least_o connivance_n to_o all_o religion_n as_o well_o jew_n and_o roman-catholic_n or_o sectary_n give_v security_n to_o all_o their_o inhabitant_n at_o home_n and_o expel_v none_o nor_o put_v a_o necessity_n upon_o any_o to_o banish_v themselves_o upon_o that_o account_n 3._o their_o careful_a and_o wonderful_a provide_v for_o and_o employ_v their_o poor_a at_o home_n put_v all_o their_o people_n utter_o out_o of_o danger_n of_o starve_v or_o necessity_n of_o steal_v and_o consequent_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o hang_v i_o may_v add_v to_o this_o that_o they_o have_v not_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v any_o civil_a war_n among_o they_o and_o from_o the_o whole_a conclude_v that_o the_o dutch_a as_o they_o do_v never_o so_o they_o never_o can_v or_o will_v thrive_v by_o plant_v and_o that_o our_o english_a plantation_n abroad_o be_v a_o good_a effect_n proceed_v from_o many_o evil_a cause_n ix_o that_o neither_o the_o french_a spaniard_n or_o portugeeze_n be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v on_o the_o account_n of_o plant_v not_o for_o the_o same_o but_o for_o other_o reason_n that_o the_o french_a have_v have_v foot_v in_o the_o west-indies_n almost_o as_o long_a as_o the_o english_a be_v certain_a and_o that_o they_o have_v make_v no_o considerable_a progress_n in_o plant_v be_v as_o certain_a and_o find_v it_o so_o in_o fact_n i_o have_v be_v often_o exercise_v my_o thought_n about_o enquiry_n into_o the_o reason_n thereof_o which_o i_o attribute_v especial_o to_o two_o first_o because_o france_n be_v a_o absolute_a government_n have_v not_o until_o very_o late_o give_v any_o countenance_n or_o encouragement_n to_o navigation_n and_o trade_n second_o and_o principal_o because_o the_o french_a settlement_n in_o the_o west-indies_n have_v not_o be_v upon_o freeholders_n as_o the_o english_a be_v but_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o french_a west-india_n company_n which_o company_n be_v under_o the_o french_a king_n as_o lord_z proprietor_n of_o the_o place_n they_o settle_v
by_o their_o direct_a trade_n to_o and_o from_o old_a england_n our_o yearly_o exportation_n of_o english_a manufacture_n malt_n and_o other_o good_n from_o hence_o thither_o amount_v in_o my_o opinion_n to_o ten_o time_n the_o value_n of_o what_o be_v import_v from_o thence_o which_o calculation_n i_o do_v not_o make_v at_o randum_fw-la but_o upon_o mature_a consideration_n and_o peradventure_o upon_o as_o much_o experience_n in_o this_o very_a trade_n as_o any_o other_o person_n will_v pretend_v to_o and_o therefore_o when_o ever_o a_o reformation_n of_o our_o correspondency_n in_o trade_n with_o that_o people_n shall_v be_v think_v on_o it_o will_v in_o my_o poor_a judgement_n require_v great_a tenderness_n &_o very_o serious_a circumspection_n finis_fw-la a_o small_a treatise_n against_o usury_n to_o leave_v the_o proof_n of_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o usury_n to_o divine_n wherein_o a_o number_n as_o well_o protestant_n as_o papist_n have_v learned_o write_v here_o be_v only_o set_v down_o some_o argument_n to_o show_v how_o great_a the_o hurt_n be_v it_o do_v to_o this_o kingdom_n which_o have_v no_o gold_n nor_o silver_n mine_n but_o plenty_n of_o commodity_n and_o many_o and_o great_a advantage_n of_o trade_n to_o which_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n be_v a_o great_a prejudice_n and_o decay_v for_o proof_n how_o much_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n decay_v trade_n we_o see_v that_o general_o all_o merchant_n when_o they_o have_v get_v any_o great_a wealth_n leave_v trading_n and_o fall_v to_o usury_n the_o gain_n thereof_o be_v so_o easy_a certain_a and_o great_a whereas_o in_o other_o country_n where_o usury_n be_v at_o a_o low_a rate_n and_o thereby_o land_n dear_a to_o purchase_v they_o continue_v merchant_n from_o generation_n to_o generation_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o and_o the_o state_n neither_o be_v they_o rich_a tradesman_n only_o that_o give_v over_o trading_n but_o a_o number_n of_o beginner_n be_v undo_v or_o discourage_v by_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n their_o industry_n serve_v but_o to_o enrich_v other_o and_o beggar_n themselves_o we_o also_o see_v many_o trade_n themselves_o much_o decay_a because_o they_o will_v not_o afford_v so_o great_a a_o gain_n as_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereas_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v not_o high_o here_o then_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v still_o subsist_v and_o flourish_v and_o perhaps_o with_o as_o much_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a as_o those_o that_o do_v bring_v more_o to_o the_o private_a adventurer_n yet_o be_v not_o those_o the_o great_a hindrance_n the_o high_a rate_n of_o money_n bring_v to_o trade_n our_o great_a disadvantage_n be_v that_o other_o nation_n especial_o our_o industrious_a neighbour_n the_o dutch_a be_v therein_o wise_a than_o we_o for_o with_o they_o and_o so_o in_o most_o country_n with_o who_o we_o hold_v commerce_n there_o be_v not_o any_o use_n for_o money_n tolerate_v above_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereby_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n come_v to_o pass_v though_o they_o have_v no_o other_o advantage_n of_o industry_n and_o frugality_n that_o they_o must_v out-trade_n we_o for_o if_o they_o make_v return_v of_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_z they_o almost_o double_a the_o use_v allow_v and_o so_o make_v a_o very_a gainful_a trade_n but_o with_o we_o where_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o be_v so_o currant_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o if_o we_o make_v not_o above_o ten_o we_o be_v loser_n and_o consequent_o the_o same_o trade_n be_v with_o they_o and_o we_o equal_o good_a for_o the_o public_a be_v to_o the_o private_a adventurer_n lossful_a with_o we_o with_o they_o very_o gainful_a and_o where_o the_o good_a of_o public_a and_o private_a man_n go_v not_o together_o the_o public_a be_v seldom_o great_o advance_v and_o as_o they_o out-trade_n so_o they_o may_v afford_v to_o under-sell_a we_o in_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v equal_o natural_a to_o our_o and_o their_o land_n as_o to_o our_o great_a shame_n we_o see_v our_o neighbour_n the_o dutch_a do_v even_o in_o our_o own_o country_n for_o in_o most_o commodity_n the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o the_o stock_n employ_v in_o plant_v and_o manage_n of_o they_o make_v a_o great_a in_o many_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o price_n and_o consequent_o their_o stock_n with_o they_o be_v rate_v at_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o they_o may_v with_o great_a gain_n under-sell_a we_o our_o stock_n with_o we_o be_v rate_v at_o ten_o and_o as_o they_o may_v out-trade_n we_o and_o under-sell_a we_o so_o be_v all_o contribution_n to_o the_o war_n work_v of_o piety_n and_o glory_n of_o the_o state_n cheap_a to_o they_o then_o to_o we_o for_o the_o use_n for_o money_n go_v with_o we_o near_o double_a the_o rate_n it_o do_v in_o other_o country_n the_o give_v the_o same_o sum_n must_v needs_o be_v double_a the_o charge_n to_o we_o it_o be_v to_o they_o among_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o king_n with_o so_o much_o wisdom_n deliver_v to_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n he_o commit_v to_o their_o consideration_n the_o balance_a of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n wherein_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o great_a consequence_n than_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n which_o hold_v no_o proportion_n with_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n to_o our_o disadvantage_n as_o by_o experience_n we_o see_v and_o feel_v neither_o be_v the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n less_o hurtful_a to_o commerce_n within_o the_o land_n the_o gain_n by_o usury_n be_v so_o easy_a certain_a and_o extreme_a great_a as_o they_o be_v not_o only_a merchant_n and_o tradesman_n but_o landed-man_n farmer_n and_o man_n of_o profession_n that_o grow_v lazy_a in_o their_o profession_n and_o become_v usurer_n for_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v the_o measure_n by_o which_o all_o man_n trade_n purchase_v build_v plant_v or_o any_o other_o way_n bargain_n it_o have_v be_v the_o wisdom_n and_o care_n of_o former_a parliament_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o wood_n and_o timber_n for_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o available_a than_o the_o call_n down_o of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n for_o as_o the_o rate_n of_o money_n now_o go_v no_o man_n can_v let_v his_o timber_n stand_v nor_o his_o wood_n grow_v to_o such_o year_n growth_n as_o be_v best_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o it_o will_v be_v very_o lossfull_a to_o he_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o wood_n after_o they_o be_v worth_a forty_o or_o fifty_o shilling_n the_o acre_n grow_v fast_o at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o than_o the_o wood_n themselves_o do_v and_o for_o ship_n which_o be_v the_o strength_n and_o safety_n of_o thâ—s_n land_n i_o have_v hear_v divers_a merchant_n of_o good_a credit_n say_v that_o if_o they_o will_v build_v a_o ship_n and_o let_v it_o to_o any_o other_o to_o employ_v they_o can_v make_v of_o their_o money_n that_o way_n count_v all_o charge_n tear_n and_o wear_v above_o ten_o or_o twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o can_v be_v no_o gainful_a trade_n money_n itself_o go_v at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o but_o in_o the_o low-countries_n where_o money_n go_v at_o six_o the_o building_n of_o ship_n and_o hire_v they_o to_o other_o be_v a_o gainful_a trade_n and_o so_o the_o stock_n of_o rich_a man_n and_o the_o industry_n of_o beginner_n be_v well_o join_v for_o the_o public_a and_o yet_o that_o which_o be_v above_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o great_a sin_n against_o the_o land_n be_v that_o it_o make_v the_o land_n itself_o of_o small_a value_n near_a the_o rate_n of_o new-found_a land_n than_o of_o any_o other_o country_n where_o law_n government_n and_o peace_n have_v so_o long_o flourish_v for_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n make_v land_n sell_v so_o cheap_a and_o the_o cheap_a sale_n of_o land_n be_v the_o cause_n man_n seek_v no_o more_o by_o industry_n and_o cost_n to_o improve_v they_o and_o this_o be_v plain_a both_o by_o example_n and_o demonstration_n for_o we_o see_v in_o other_o country_n where_o the_o use_v of_o money_n be_v of_o a_o low_a rate_n land_n be_v general_o sell_v for_o thirty_o forty_o in_o some_o for_o fifty_o year_n purchase_v and_o we_o know_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o bargain_v that_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o use_n be_v not_o great_a here_o then_o in_o other_o country_n land_n be_v then_o as_o good_a a_o penny_n worth_a at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_v as_o they_o be_v now_o at_o sixteen_o for_o land_n be_v the_o best_a assurance_n and_o secure_a inheritance_n will_v still_o bear_v a_o rate_n above_o money_n now_o if_o land_n be_v at_o thirty_o year_n purchase_v or_o near_o it_o there_o be_v no_o so_o cheap_a purchase_n as_o the_o amendment_n of_o our_o own_o land_n for_o it_o will_v be_v much_o cheap_a to_o make_v one_o acre_n of_o land_n now_o worth_a five_o shilling_n by_o
the_o year_n to_o be_v worth_a ten_o shilling_n or_o be_v worth_a ten_o to_o be_v worth_a twenty_o shilling_n and_o so_o in_o proportion_n then_o to_o purchase_v a_o other_o acre_n worth_a five_o or_o ten_o shilling_n and_o in_o every_o acre_n thus_o purchase_v to_o the_o owner_n by_o the_o amendment_n of_o his_o own_o there_o be_v another_o purchase_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o it_o be_v the_o blessing_n of_o god_n to_o this_o land_n that_o there_o be_v few_o place_n of_o it_o to_o which_o he_o have_v not_o give_v mean_n by_o reasonable_a cost_n and_o industry_n great_o to_o amend_v it_o in_o many_o to_o double_a the_o value_n so_o as_o in_o time_n if_o for_o their_o own_o good_a man_n industry_n be_v compel_v that_o way_n the_o riches_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o land_n will_v near_o be_v double_v then_o will_v all_o the_o wet_a land_n in_o this_o kingdom_n soon_o be_v drain_v the_o barren_a land_n mend_v by_o marle_n sleech_n lime_n chalk_n sea-sand_n and_o other_o mean_n which_o for_o their_o profit_n man_n industry_n will_v find_v out_o we_o see_v with_o how_o great_a industry_n and_o charge_n our_o neighbour_n the_o dutch_a do_v drain_v and_o maintain_v their_o land_n against_o the_o sea_n which_o flow_v high_o above_o they_o than_o it_o do_v above_o the_o low_a part_n of_o our_o drown_a land_n i_o will_v admit_v a_o great_a deal_n to_o their_o industry_n but_o i_o shall_v very_o unwilling_o grant_v that_o they_o be_v so_o much_o more_o ingenuous_a and_o industrious_a than_o we_o as_o that_o all_o the_o odds_o be_v therein_o certain_o the_o main_a cause_n of_o it_o be_v that_o with_o we_o money_n be_v dear_a and_o land_n cheap_a with_o they_o land_n be_v dear_a and_o money_n cheap_a and_o consequent_o the_o improvement_n of_o their_o land_n at_o so_o great_a a_o charge_n with_o they_o be_v gainful_a to_o the_o owner_n which_o with_o we_o will_v be_v lossful_a for_o usury_n go_v at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o a_o man_n borrow_v five_o pound_n and_o bestow_v it_o on_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n the_o amendment_n stand_v he_o in_o ten_o shilling_n the_o year_n and_o be_v amend_v the_o land_n be_v not_o worth_a above_o fifteen_o year_n purchase_v but_o if_o the_o use_v of_o money_n go_v at_o no_o more_o with_o we_o then_o in_o other_o place_n than_o five_o pound_n bestow_v upon_o a_o acre_n of_o gound_o will_v stand_v a_o man_n but_o in_o five_o or_o six_o shilling_n a_o year_n and_o the_o acre_n of_o land_n so_o amend_v will_v be_v worth_a as_o have_v be_v show_v six_o and_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o year_n purchase_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o rate_n of_o use_v now_o go_v no_o man_n but_o where_o the_o land_n lie_v extraordinary_o happy_o for_o it_o can_v amend_v his_o land_n but_o to_o his_o own_o loss_n whereas_o if_o money_n be_v let_v as_o it_o be_v in_o other_o country_n he_o may_v bestow_v more_o than_o double_a so_o much_o as_o now_o he_o may_v and_o yet_o be_v a_o great_a gainer_n thereby_o and_o consequent_o as_o be_v before_o remember_v shall_v to_o his_o own_o benefit_n purchase_v land_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n neither_o will_v such_o purchase_n of_o land_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v the_o benefit_n to_o the_o land_a man_n only_o the_o benefit_n will_v be_v as_o much_o to_o the_o poor_a labourer_n of_o the_o land_n for_o now_o when_o corn_n and_o other_o fruit_n of_o the_o land_n which_o grow_v by_o labour_n be_v cheap_a the_o plough_n and_o mattock_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o hedge_n there_o be_v little_a work_n for_o poor_a man_n and_o that_o at_o a_o low_a rate_n whereas_o if_o the_o mendment_n of_o their_o own_o land_n be_v the_o cheap_a purchase_n to_o the_o owner_n if_o there_o be_v many_o more_o people_n than_o there_o be_v they_o shall_v more_o ready_o be_v set_v a_o work_n at_o better_a rate_n than_o they_o now_o be_v and_o none_o that_o have_v their_o health_n and_o limb_n can_v be_v poor_a but_o by_o their_o extreme_a laziness_n and_o as_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n do_v embase_v land_n so_o it_o be_v as_o great_a a_o hindrance_n to_o discovery_n plantation_n and_o all_o good_a undertake_n make_v it_o near_o double_a as_o chargeable_a to_o the_o adventurer_n money_n be_v at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o as_o it_o be_v in_o other_o country_n where_o the_o use_v of_o money_n be_v so_o much_o low_a now_o let_v we_o see_v by_o the_o contrary_a and_o conceive_v if_o usury_n be_v tolerate_v at_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o i_o fear_v many_o borrower_n all_o thing_n consider_v pay_v above_o ten_o what_o the_o condition_n of_o thing_n will_v then_o be_v and_o if_o it_o appear_v how_o desperate_a the_o hurt_n will_v be_v which_o that_o will_v bring_v it_o may_v at_o least_o upon_o good_a reason_n persuade_v we_o how_o great_a the_o good_a will_v be_v of_o call_v it_o down_o certain_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o trade_n will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n decay_n for_o few_o or_o none_o and_o reckon_v the_o hazard_n at_o nothing_o yield_v so_o great_a a_o gain_n as_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o all_o other_o nation_n may_v with_o so_o great_a gain_n out-trade_n and_o under-sell_a we_o that_o more_o than_o the_o earth_n will_v of_o herself_o bring_v forth_o we_o shall_v scarce_o raise_v any_o thing_n from_o it_o even_o for_o our_o own_o use_n within_o the_o land_n and_o land_n will_v be_v so_o much_o embase_v as_o man_n may_v afford_v without_o loss_n to_o themselves_o to_o carry_v the_o compost_n out_o of_o their_o close_n upon_o their_o next_o adjoin_v land_n to_o mend_v they_o so_o far_o shall_v we_o be_v from_o marling_n liming_n draining_n plant_v and_o any_o other_o work_v of_o cost_n or_o industry_n by_o which_o land_n be_v purchase_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o far_o from_o building_n make_v of_o havens_n discovery_n new_a plantation_n or_o any_o other_o action_n of_o virtue_n and_o glory_n to_o the_o state_n for_o private_a gain_n be_v the_o compass_n man_n general_o sail_v by_o and_o since_o we_o can_v without_o extraordinary_a diligence_n plant_v build_v drain_n or_o any_o other_o way_n amend_v our_o land_n but_o it_o will_v be_v dear_a to_o we_o than_o the_o purchase_n of_o other_o money_n be_v at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o money_n than_o shall_v go_v at_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o the_o charge_n of_o mend_v our_o land_n will_v be_v double_v and_o the_o land_n abase_v to_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n purchase_v and_o consequent_o all_o work_n of_o industry_n and_o charge_n for_o improve_n of_o land_n will_v be_v quite_o neglect_v and_o give_v over_o we_o shall_v only_o eat_v upon_o one_o another_o with_o usury_n have_v our_o commodity_n from_o other_o nation_n let_v the_o land_n grow_v barren_a and_o unmanured_a and_o the_o whole_a state_n in_o short_a time_n come_v to_o beggary_n against_o this_o perhaps_o may_v be_v object_v that_o before_o the_o 37_o of_o h._n 8._o there_o be_v no_o limitation_n of_o usury_n and_o how_o do_v we_o then_o to_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o in_o those_o time_n there_o be_v a_o strict_a band_n in_o that_o point_n upon_o man_n conscience_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o usurer_n be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o excommunicate_v person_n they_o can_v make_v no_o will_n nor_o be_v allow_v christian_a burial_n therefore_o let_v we_o for_o our_o forefather_n sake_n hope_v that_o the_o tie_n upon_o their_o conscience_n then_o be_v a_o great_a restraint_n of_o usury_n than_o the_o statute_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o be_v now_o i_o fear_v fornication_n be_v too_o frequent_a among_o we_o yet_o thanks_o be_v to_o god_n not_o so_o much_o use_v as_o where_o there_o be_v allowance_n of_o courtesan_n and_o stew_n the_o objection_n likely_a to_o be_v make_v against_o the_o call_n down_o of_o money_n be_v first_o that_o general_a objection_n of_o ignorance_n against_o all_o change_n be_v they_o never_o so_o necessary_a and_o apparent_o good_a that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o a_o long_a time_n and_o be_v well_o enough_o what_o will_v become_v of_o the_o alteration_n we_o can_v tell_v why_o then_o shall_v we_o make_v any_o change_n second_o that_o as_o in_o body_n natural_a so_o in_o politic_n great_a and_o sudden_a change_n be_v most_o common_o dangerous_a three_o that_o money_n will_v be_v sudden_o call_v in_o and_o so_o all_o borrower_n great_o prejudice_v four_o that_o money_n will_v be_v hard_a to_o come_v by_o and_o thereby_o commerce_v great_o hinder_v last_o that_o much_o money_n of_o foreigner_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n be_v bring_v over_o here_o to_o be_v manage_v at_o interest_n which_o will_v be_v carry_v away_o again_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n
shall_v be_v call_v down_o to_o the_o first_o that_o money_n have_v long_o go_v at_o ten_o and_o thing_n be_v well_o enough_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o long_o that_o the_o practice_n of_o usury_n have_v be_v so_o general_o use_v without_o any_o sense_n or_o scruple_n of_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o it_o for_o man_n conscience_n be_v harden_v to_o it_o with_o example_n and_o custom_n by_o degree_n and_o not_o upon_o the_o sudden_a and_o as_o the_o begin_n of_o many_o dangerous_a disease_n in_o healthful_a body_n so_o the_o beginning_n of_o many_o inconvenience_n in_o a_o state_n be_v not_o present_o feel_v with_o we_o after_o that_o with_o long_a civil_a war_n the_o land_n be_v half_o unpeople_v so_o as_o till_o of_o late_a year_n it_o come_v not_o to_o his_o full_a stock_n of_o people_n again_o there_o be_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o land_n to_o half_a the_o number_n of_o people_n the_o surplusage_n of_o our_o inland_n commodity_n must_v needs_o be_v so_o great_a that_o though_o trade_n be_v not_o equal_o balance_v with_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n we_o can_v not_o but_o grow_v rich_a beside_o france_n and_o the_o low-countries_n be_v for_o many_o year_n half_o lay_v waste_n with_o war_n and_o so_o do_v trade_n but_o little_a nor_o manage_v their_o own_o land_n to_o their_o best_a advantage_n whereby_o they_o do_v not_o only_o not_o take_v the_o trade_n &_o market_n from_o we_o which_o now_o they_o do_v but_o they_o themselves_o be_v feed_v and_o clothe_v by_o we_o and_o take_v our_o commodity_n from_o we_o at_o great_a high_a great_a rate_n whereas_o now_o we_o see_v the_o dutch_a do_v every_o where_o out-trade_n we_o and_o the_o french_a feed_v we_o with_o their_o corn_n even_o in_o plentiful_a year_n so_o as_o now_o our_o land_n be_v full_o stock_v with_o people_n our_o neighbour_n industrious_a and_o subtle_a in_o trade_n if_o we_o do_v not_o more_o equal_o balance_n trade_n and_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o we_o may_v afford_v the_o fruit_n of_o our_o land_n as_o cheap_a as_o other_o country_n afford_v the_o same_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n we_o must_v though_o we_o leave_v a_o number_n of_o our_o superfluity_n as_o god_n forbid_v but_o we_o shall_v in_o a_o short_a time_n grow_v poor_a and_o beggarly_n and_o in_o this_o condition_n ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o a_o little_a more_o time_n will_v as_o well_o serve_v to_o do_v it_o as_o if_o money_n be_v at_o twenty_o for_o as_o be_v before_o remember_v in_o most_o of_o the_o commodity_n the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o the_o stock_n employ_v in_o plant_v and_o manage_n of_o of_o they_o make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o price_n and_o consequent_o they_o may_v with_o great_a gain_n to_o themselves_o under-sell_a we_o our_o stock_n with_o we_o go_v at_o double_a the_o rate_n that_o they_o go_v with_o they_o and_o this_o we_o see_v and_o feel_v too_o well_o by_o experience_n at_o this_o present_a for_o have_v a_o great_a surplusage_n of_o corn_n we_o can_v find_v no_o vent_n for_o it_o the_o french_a with_o their_o own_o the_o dutch_a with_o the_o corn_n of_o poland_n every_o where_o supply_v the_o market_n at_o cheap_a rate_n than_o we_o can_v afford_v it_o and_o even_o our_o clothes_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v the_o golden_a mine_n in_o england_n i_o have_v hear_v many_o merchant_n say_v that_o except_o it_o be_v in_o some_o few_o of_o the_o fine_a sort_n of_o they_o which_o be_v a_o riches_n peculiar_a to_o this_o nation_n other_o country_n begin_v to_o make_v they_o of_o their_o own_o wool_n and_o by_o afford_v they_o cheap_a than_o we_o may_v so_o to_o take_v our_o market_n from_o we_o and_o this_o i_o hope_v may_v in_o part_n serve_v for_o answer_n to_o the_o next_o objection_n that_o all_o great_a and_o sudden_a change_n be_v common_o dangerous_a for_o that_o rule_n hold_v true_a where_o the_o body_n natural_a or_o politic_a be_v in_o perfect_a state_n of_o health_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o decline_a as_o i_o have_v some_o cause_n to_o fear_v there_o be_v or_o may_v soon_o be_v with_o we_o there_o to_o make_v no_o alteration_n be_v a_o certain_a way_n to_o ruin_n to_o the_o three_o that_o money_n will_v be_v sudden_o call_v in_o and_o so_o all_o borrower_n great_o prejudice_v for_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o clause_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o statute_n whensoever_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o all_o that_o have_v lend_v money_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o be_v now_o forbear_v and_o owe_v to_o take_v for_o such_o money_n so_o lend_v and_o owe_v during_o two_o year_n after_o this_o session_n of_o parliament_n such_o use_v as_o they_o may_v have_v do_v if_o this_o act_n have_v not_o be_v make_v whereby_o borrower_n shall_v be_v in_o less_o danger_n of_o sudden_a call_n in_o of_o their_o money_n then_o now_o they_o be_v for_o where_o the_o lender_n upon_o continuance_n of_o their_o old_a security_n may_v take_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o upon_o new_a security_n they_o may_v be_v content_a with_o less_o so_o the_o call_n in_o of_o their_o money_n will_v be_v to_o their_o own_o prejudice_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o borrower_n to_o who_o this_o give_v not_o sufficient_a satisfaction_n if_o such_o borrower_n have_v land_n of_o value_n to_o pay_v his_o debt_n the_o worst_a condition_n he_o can_v fear_v be_v to_o have_v at_o the_o least_o twenty_o year_n purchase_v for_o his_o land_n wherewith_o to_o clear_v his_o debt_n for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o land_n be_v the_o best_a security_n and_o secure_a inheritance_n will_v still_o bear_v a_o rate_n above_o money_n and_o so_o there_o be_v no_o use_n allow_v for_o money_n above_o the_o rate_n tolerate_v in_o other_o country_n land_n will_v as_o ready_o sell_v at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_v as_o it_o do_v now_o at_o twelve_o and_o i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o borrower_n that_o have_v land_n of_o value_n to_o pay_v his_o debt_n do_v doubt_n if_o he_o will_v now_o sell_v his_o land_n at_o ten_o year_n purchase_v he_o may_v soon_o be_v out_o of_o debt_n to_o the_o four_o objection_n that_o money_n will_v be_v hard_a to_o be_v borrow_v and_o so_o commerce_v hinder_v i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v true_a if_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n do_v increase_v money_n within_o this_o land_n but_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n do_v enrich_v only_o the_o usurer_n and_o impoverish_v the_o kingdom_n as_o have_v be_v show_v and_o it_o be_v the_o plenty_n of_o money_n within_o the_o land_n that_o make_v money_n easy_a to_o be_v borrow_v as_o we_o see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o other_o country_n where_o money_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v borrow_v than_o it_o be_v with_o we_o and_o yet_o the_o rate_n tolerate_v for_o use_n be_v little_o more_o than_o half_a so_o much_o it_o be_v the_o high_a rate_n of_o use_n that_o undo_v so_o many_o of_o the_o gentry_n of_o the_o land_n which_o make_v the_o number_n of_o borrower_n so_o great_a and_o the_o number_n of_o borrower_n must_v of_o necessity_n make_v money_n the_o hard_a to_o be_v borrow_v whereas_o if_o use_n for_o money_n be_v at_o a_o low_a rate_n land_n as_o have_v be_v show_v will_v be_v much_o quick_a to_o be_v sell_v and_o at_o dear_a rate_n and_o so_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n will_v soon_o be_v out_o of_o debt_n and_o consequent_o the_o few_o borrower_n and_o so_o to_o tradesman_n and_o merchant_n money_n easy_a to_o be_v have_v further_o let_v we_o consider_v if_o money_n be_v call_v down_o what_o usurer_n will_v do_v with_o their_o money_n they_o will_v not_o i_o suppose_v long_o be_v sullen_a and_o keep_v it_o a_o dead_a stock_n by_o they_o for_o that_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o safe_a way_n of_o keep_v it_o they_o must_v then_o either_o employ_v it_o in_o trade_n purchase_v land_n or_o lend_v for_o use_v at_o such_o rate_n as_o the_o law_n will_v tolerate_v if_o it_o quicken_v trade_n that_o be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v desire_v for_o that_o will_v enrich_v the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v money_n plentiful_a and_o yet_o need_v not_o any_o borrower_n fear_v that_o monâ—y_n will_v so_o be_v employ_v in_o trade_n as_o that_o there_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a of_o money_n to_o purchase_v land_n where_o the_o purchaser_n may_v have_v as_o much_o or_o near_o so_o much_o rend_v by_o the_o purchase_n of_o land_n as_o he_o can_v by_o put_v his_o money_n to_o use_v for_o a_o great_a number_n of_o gentleman_n and_o other_o in_o the_o country_n know_v not_o how_o to_o employ_v any_o stock_n in_o trade_n but_o with_o great_a uncertainty_n and_o less_o satisfaction_n to_o themselves_o than_o the_o let_v of_o their_o money_n at_o a_o low_a rate_n or_o