mother_n thus_o compose_v the_o difference_n ferdinand_n the_o usurper_n of_o castilia_n over_o blanch_n and_o st_n lewis_n be_v father_n of_o alphonsus_n the_o x._o king_n of_o castilia_n and_o leon_n against_o who_o st_n lewis_n have_v a_o action_n for_o castilia_n one_o of_o the_o two_o kingdom_n marry_v his_o daughter_n blanch_n granddaughter_n of_o blanch_n the_o inheritrice_n of_o castilia_n a_o 1267._o with_o ferdinand_n surname_v de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n elder_a son_n to_o that_o alphonsus_n the_o x._o by_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o s._n lewis_n yield_v all_o his_o right_n over_o castilia_n to_o his_o daughter_n blanch_n and_o her_o child_n after_o she_o upon_o which_o condition_n perform_v france_n lose_v her_o claim_n upon_o that_o kingdom_n but_o that_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n die_v before_o his_o father_n alphonsus_n and_o his_o young_a brother_n sanchez_n usurp_v the_o crown_n deprive_v his_o nephew_n son_n to_o ferdinand_n 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in_o france_n and_o marry_v beatrix_n natural_a daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n the_o ix_o king_n of_o castilia_n who_o give_v she_o for_o her_o portion_n the_o kingdom_n of_o algarba_n because_o his_o first_o wife_n be_v live_v that_o 2_o marriage_n be_v account_v unlawful_a yea_o alphonsus_n be_v excommunicate_v for_o it_o by_o pope_n alexander_n the_o iv_o and_o hate_v by_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o mahaut_n come_v into_o spain_n make_v a_o heavy_a complaint_n against_o he_o who_o be_v so_o harden_v in_o that_o sin_n that_o he_o protest_v that_o if_o a_o hundred_o wife_n will_v have_v he_o he_o will_v marry_v they_o all_o yet_o be_v a_o great_a warrior_n and_o a_o wise_a and_o prosperous_a king_n he_o maintain_v himself_o by_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o mahaut_n be_v dead_a the_o bishop_n of_o portugal_n obtain_v his_o absolution_n of_o urban_n the_o iv_o and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o that_o second_o marriage_n
the_o meek_a a_o 843._o when_o the_o river_n of_o scaldis_n be_v set_v as_o a_o limit_n of_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o lothary_a the_o emperor_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o charles_n le_fw-fr chauve_n on_o the_o other_o that_o country_n remain_v within_o the_o partage_n of_o the_o last_o who_o be_v king_n of_o france_n and_o contain_v a_o great_a extent_n of_o land_n beyond_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n near_o the_o river_n of_o scaldis_n and_o lis_n butt_v upon_o the_o ocean_n and_o because_o all_o that_o country_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o make_v it_o be_v call_v sylva_n carbonaria_n charlemain_n about_o the_o year_n 771._o place_v there_o a_o governor_n who_o he_o call_v the_o great_a forester_n of_o flanders_n so_o also_o be_v his_o successor_n call_v and_o be_v not_o very_o considerable_a the_o first_o that_o erect_v this_o country_n into_o a_o county_n be_v charles_n le_fw-fr chauve_n a_o 850._o or_o thereabouts_o the_o first_o count_n be_v baldwin_n surname_v 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prisoner_n nor_o any_o way_n oblige_v he_o 2._o the_o session_n make_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n be_v invalid_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o do_v by_o a_o man_n keep_v in_o prison_n 3._o that_o session_n make_v at_o madrid_n and_o in_o other_o treaty_n be_v null_a by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o france_n which_o prohibit_v the_o alienation_n of_o the_o sovereign_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n especial_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n general_n who_o never_o ratify_v all_o those_o treaty_n and_o in_o effect_n the_o parliament_n by_o their_o sentence_n the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o vote_n and_o all_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a by_o their_o discourse_n have_v condemn_v those_o treaty_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o fleming_n and_o artesians_n be_v account_v regnicolae_fw-la and_o have_v no_o need_n of_o letter_n of_o naturalisation_n chap._n iu_o war_n agreement_n treaty_n between_o the_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n about_o their_o pretence_n from_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n to_o that_o of_o veruins_n we_o have_v see_v how_o by_o the_o history_n and_o by_o reason_n the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n will_v ground_v their_o several_a pretence_n as_o the_o difference_n between_o private_a person_n beget_v suit_n in_o law_n which_o end_n in_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o court_n so_o the_o jealousy_n between_o these_o two_o great_a house_n have_v beget_v war_n which_o have_v end_v in_o treaty_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o war_n have_v begin_v afresh_o after_o these_o war_n have_v be_v many_o especial_o since_o the_o promotion_n of_o charles_n the_o v._o to_o the_o empire_n a_o 1519._o for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o without_o contradiction_n have_v the_o precedence_n before_o all_o christian_a monarch_n be_v grieve_v to_o see_v a_o count_n of_o flanders_n and_o a_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n
a_o view_n of_o the_o difference_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o which_o be_v show_v the_o present_a posture_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o europe_n english_v by_o a_o person_n of_o honour_n london_n print_v for_o h._n herringman_n and_o sell_v by_o jos_n knight_n and_o far._n saunders_n at_o the_o blue_a anchor_n in_o the_o lower-walk_a of_o the_o new-exchange_n 1684._o a_o character_n of_o this_o worke._n this_o be_v the_o map_n of_o the_o present_a interess_n of_o prince_n the_o quintessence_n of_o the_o history_n of_o five_o or_o six_o age_n and_o of_o as_o many_o kingdom_n the_o state-resolve_a of_o a_o deep_a and_o consummate_a politician_n perfect_v by_o the_o peruse_n of_o many_o volume_n of_o history_n and_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o many_o year_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o these_o be_v private_a note_n of_o some_o great_a statesman_n gather_v for_o readiness_n in_o his_o public_a employment_n and_o that_o they_o be_v publish_v without_o his_o name_n make_v i_o suspect_v that_o they_o come_v out_o without_o his_o leave_n howsoever_o this_o be_v a_o treasure_n for_o all_o that_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o world_n and_o penetrate_v into_o the_o infide_v of_o business_n a_o help_n of_o memory_n for_o they_o that_o have_v read_v many_o history_n and_o a_o ease_n of_o labour_n for_o such_o as_o want_v leisure_n to_o read_v they_o the_o true_a case_n of_o the_o business_n which_o be_v at_o this_o time_n between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n preface_n the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o important_a of_o christendom_n and_o such_o as_o draw_v to_o their_o motion_n all_o the_o other_o crown_n between_o these_o two_o house_n there_o have_v be_v many_o war_n alteration_n treaty_n truce_n and_o peace_n since_o the_o rise_n of_o that_o of_o austria_n of_o which_o we_o may_v assign_v the_o beginning_n at_o the_o marriage_n of_o maximilian_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n 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catalonia_n portugal_n navarra_n naples_n milan_n etc._n etc._n also_o what_o claim_v the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v to_o burgundy_n britain_n provence_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v those_o disputable_a right_n which_o have_v beget_v so_o many_o division_n and_o war_n between_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o unreconcilable_a hatred_n between_o the_o nation_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n the_o business_n shall_v be_v present_v which_o pass_v between_o the_o two_o kingdom_n from_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n in_o the_o year_n 1435._o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n in_o 1598._o war_n battle_n treaty_n truce_n and_o peace_n the_o five_o shall_v relate_v all_o that_o past_a from_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n till_o now_o chap._n i._n the_o prince_n that_o govern_v europe_n paragraphe_n i._n europe_n the_o least_o of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o world_n know_v to_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n and_o the_o most_o northerly_a but_o the_o most_o populous_a and_o that_o within_o which_o 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now_o the_o black_a sea_n or_o mar_n major_a high_a it_o be_v bound_v by_o meotides_n paludes_n and_o the_o river_n tanais_n now_o don_n remount_v to_o its_o spring_n and_o thenceforward_o a_o line_n be_v imagine_v draw_v to_o the_o north_n butt_v either_o at_o the_o golph_n of_o st._n nicholas_n or_o some_o such_o other_o place_n thereabouts_o in_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o moscovia_n country_n for_o that_o northern_a tract_n unknown_a to_o ancient_a geographer_n be_v yet_o so_o little_o know_v that_o the_o limit_n of_o europe_n that_o way_n can_v never_o be_v well_o assign_v on_o all_o the_o east-side_n europe_n neighbour_v upon_o the_o great_a asia_n and_o be_v occidental_a to_o it_o on_o the_o north-side_n ancient_a geograhper_n have_v set_v no_o limit_n to_o europe_n but_o have_v comprehend_v these_o northern_a extremity_n either_o under_o the_o name_n of_o hyperborean_a hill_n although_o there_o be_v no_o hill_n in_o that_o tract_n or_o under_o the_o name_n of_o mare_n glaciale_a or_o the_o freeze_a sea_n which_o we_o may_v take_v from_o the_o golph_n of_o st._n nicolas_n or_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n unto_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v about_o norway_n and_o finmarch_n and_o so_o towards_o the_o isle_n of_o freezland_n and_o island_n on_o that_o side_n europe_n butt_v upon_o the_o pole_n and_o be_v not_o near_o any_o considerable_a land_n some_o few_o land_n only_o ill_o inhabit_v as_o nova_n zembla_n and_o niewland_n on_o the_o westside_n europe_n have_v the_o great_a ocean_n from_o the_o isle_n of_o freesland_n and_o is-land_n to_o the_o cap_n of_o st._n vincent_n which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o portugal_n and_o that_o ocean_n take_v divers_a name_n according_a to_o the_o divers_a country_n that_o it_o touch_v as_o the_o britannique_a land_n norway_n denmark_n germany_n holland_n zealand_n flanders_n the_o straight_a of_o calais_n the_o coast_n of_o normandy_n britain_n poitou_n saintonge_n guienne_n the_o golph_n of_o bayonne_n the_o coast_n of_o biscay_n gallicia_n portugal_n algerke_n to_o the_o cap_n st._n vincent_n these_o be_v the_o limit_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o four_o wall_n which_o enclose_v all_o that_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o europe_n the_o length_n whereof_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o cap_n st._n vincent_n to_o the_o golph_n s_o nicholas_n or_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n which_o be_v two_o thousand_o french_a common_a league_n or_o as_o far_o northward_n as_o one_o will_n the_o breadth_n from_o morea_n towards_o the_o isle_n cythera_n to_o the_o north_n towards_o finmarch_n and_o lapland_n which_o be_v twelve_o of_o fifteen_o hundred_o league_n a_o more_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o topography_n of_o each_o country_n be_v not_o for_o this_o place_n here_o only_o we_o will_v enumerate_v the_o state_n contain_v within_o that_o extent_n and_o that_o but_o in_o the_o great_a as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o understand_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o europe_n of_o christendom_n at_o least_o we_o shall_v be_v begin_v that_o enumeration_n by_o the_o west_n and_o from_o thence_o pass_v to_o the_o east_n we_o shall_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o there_o end_n paragraphe_n ii_o the_o first_o prince_n on_o the_o west_n of_o europe_n be_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n beside_o that_o which_o he_o have_v in_o africa_n and_o in_o the_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n beside_o a_o number_n infinite_a of_o land_n cap_n &_o havens_n from_o the_o isle_n azore_n to_o the_o cap_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o from_o that_o cap_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o moluke_n and_o philippine_n land_n 1._o that_o which_o he_o hold_v in_o europe_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o peninsula_n enclose_v within_o the_o ocean_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n under_o several_a name_n of_o
the_o duchy_n of_o montferrat_n sometime_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o paleologi_fw-la be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n there_o stand_v cazal_n of_o st._n vaast_n the_o so_o much_o dispute_v place_n the_o small_a commonwealth_n of_o luca_n in_o toscana_n between_o the_o two_o state_n of_o florence_n and_o genoa_n beside_o these_o two_o estate_n be_v attribute_v to_o italy_n though_o far_o from_o it_o the_o one_o be_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o ragousa_n in_o slavonia_n upon_o the_o golph_n in_o old_a time_n call_v epidaurus_n it_o be_v sovereign_a yet_o pay_v to_o the_o turk_n her_o next_o neighbour_n a_o tribute_n of_o fifteen_o thousand_o sequin_n yearly_a the_o other_o estate_n be_v malta_n with_o the_o next_o island_n goza_n possess_v by_o the_o religion_n of_o saint_n john_n of_o jerusalem_n but_o that_o prince_n have_v but_o the_o shade_n of_o a_o sovereign_n be_v as_o for_o his_o person_n a_o religious_a depend_v of_o the_o pope_n and_o punishable_a by_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o island_n of_o malta_n acknowleding_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n as_o a_o dependence_n of_o sicily_n in_o all_o these_o state_n of_o italy_n there_o be_v no_o exercise_n of_o any_o religion_n but_o the_o roman_a although_o all_o these_o prince_n will_v be_v acknowledge_v sovereign_a there_o be_v none_o proper_o so_o but_o the_o pope_n the_o venetian_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n all_o the_o other_o be_v either_o imperial_a land_n as_o mantua_n milan_n montferrat_n piedmont_n modena_n mirandula_n florence_n or_o depend_v of_o the_o pope_n as_o naples_n sicily_n parma_n and_o placentia_n paragraphe_n vi._n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o golph_n of_o venice_n eastward_o lie_v greece_n possess_v by_o the_o turk_n who_o hold_v all_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o name_n of_o peloponnesus_n achaea_n epirus_n macedonia_n thracia_n with_o the_o great_a city_n of_o constantinople_n near_o to_o the_o river_n of_o danubius_n and_o above_o the_o mountain_n of_o thracia_n he_o hold_v bulgaria_n and_o servia_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a misiae_fw-la bossena_n great_a part_n of_o hungary_n as_o far_o as_o grand_fw-mi or_o strigonium_n near_o the_o town_n of_o commorra_n and_o part_n of_o slavonia_n and_o dalmatia_n by_o those_o more_o occidental_a country_n he_o touch_v the_o land_n of_o the_o venetian_n and_o the_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n beyond_o danubius_n he_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o three_o vaivode_n or_o prince_n of_o transylvania_n moldavia_n and_o walachia_n the_o turk_n hold_v also_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n from_o candia_n to_o pontus_n euxinus_n beyond_o the_o mouth_n of_o danubius_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o pont_n euxin_n he_o hold_v as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n tyrus_n or_o niestra_n and_o high_o in_o taurica_n chersonesus_n the_o town_n of_o cafa_o in_o old_a time_n theodosia_n his_o dominion_n on_o that_o side_n butt_v upon_o the_o river_n tanais_n where_o his_o frontier_n be_v the_o town_n of_o assou_n take_v about_o ten_o year_n ago_o upon_o the_o muscovite_n in_o all_o that_o tract_n though_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o mahometan_a religion_n govern_v most_o part_n of_o his_o people_n profess_v the_o religion_n of_o christ_n under_o he_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n yet_o thereare_v many_o of_o the_o roman_a religion_n in_o hungary_n bossena_n and_o servia_n transylvania_n be_v protestant_n paragraphe_n vii_o above_o pont_n euxin_n towards_o meotides_n paludes_n there_o be_v a_o great_a extent_n of_o country_n border_v upon_o podolia_n and_o muscovia_n and_o within_o that_o sea_n be_v that_o peninsula_n sometime_o call_v taurica_n chersonesus_n now_o precops_n all_o that_o tract_n be_v call_v tartary_n precopensis_n or_o the_o crim_n tartar_n or_o about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o a_o herd_n for_o army_n of_o tartar_n invade_v that_o country_n it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o considerable_a state_n of_o europe_n possess_v by_o a_o mahometan_a prince_n name_v cantemiro_n it_o border_v upon_o the_o turk_n towards_o pont_n euxin_n and_o be_v in_o league_n with_o they_o westward_o it_o join_v with_o poland_n northwards_o with_o muscovia_n and_o have_v war_n almost_o continual_o with_o these_o two_o nation_n paragraphe_n viii_o beyond_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n there_o be_v a_o river_n call_v danambra_n in_o old_a time_n borysthenes_n which_o sever_v sarmatia_n now_o call_v poland_n from_o the_o old_a scythia_n europea_n which_o comprehend_v that_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n between_o borysthenes_n and_o tanais_n and_o northward_o ward_v unto_o the_o freeze_a sea_n this_o be_v that_o great_a estate_n of_o muscovia_n denominate_v from_o the_o capital_a city_n mosko_n the_o prince_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o moscovia_n beside_o that_o part_n of_o enrope_n stretch_v his_o dominion_n very_o far_o into_o great_a asia_n he_o that_o reign_v when_o the_o author_n write_v this_o book_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1644._o be_v michael_n fedorowitz_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1612._o in_o the_o confusion_n of_o civil_a war_n after_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o antitient_a royal_a family_n that_o people_n be_v christian_n but_o of_o the_o rude_a sort_n acknowledge_v the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n westward_o they_o join_v with_o poland_n southward_o with_o the_o crim_n tartar_n and_o with_o each_o of_o they_o have_v always_o some_o war_n paragraphe_n ix_o all_o the_o country_n from_o the_o river_n of_o odera_n in_o germany_n or_o at_o least_o from_o the_o river_n of_o vistula_n or_o weissell_n as_o far_o as_o borysthenes_n and_o northward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o point_n of_o the_o baltique_a sea_n above_o livonia_n all_o that_o country_n i_o say_v call_v ancient_o sarmatia_n contain_v now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n consist_v of_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a poland_n russia_n alba_fw-la the_o country_n of_o the_o cossacks_n podolia_n and_o other_o province_n with_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lituania_n near_o borysthenes_n that_o state_n of_o poland_n who_o capital_a city_n be_v cracovia_n join_v southward_o with_o the_o land_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o hungary_n sâ—_n much_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o with_o transylvania_n and_o moldavia_n east_n ward_v it_o join_v with_o the_o tartar_n and_o moscovitâ—_n the_o court_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v of_o the_o romaâ—_n religion_n hitherto_o what_o it_o will_v be_v hereafter_o the_o success_n of_o the_o present_a war_n will_v show_v that_o state_n tolerate_v all_o sort_n of_o religion_n livonia_n or_o liefland_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v account_v as_o a_o appurtenance_n of_o poland_n yet_o because_o three_o estate_n meet_v there_o poland_n oâ—_n the_o south_n muscovia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n and_o sweden_n on_o the_o west_n it_o be_v all_o way_n dispute_v between_o these_o three_o crown_n and_o be_v thâ—_n occasion_n of_o great_a war_n which_o be_v appease_v in_o some_o part_n by_o the_o peace_n between_o polanâ—_n and_o sweden_n an._n 1635._o but_o new_o revive_v paragraphe_n x._o by_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n that_o mediterranean_a sea_n of_o the_o north_n be_v form_v which_o be_v call_v the_o baltique_a sea_n there_o the_o dominion_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n be_v seat_v two_o considerable_a state_n the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n comprehend_v great_a part_n of_o the_o ancient_a gotthia_n the_o towâ—_n and_o duchy_n of_o stockholm_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o finland_n and_o northward_o botnia_n scrifinia_n and_o other_o unknown_a country_n the_o present_a king_n be_v carolus_n gustavus_n by_o the_o session_n of_o hiâ—_n cousin_n german_n christina_n daughter_n to_o the_o famous_a gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o sweden_n be_v lutheran_n yet_o in_o the_o north_n there_o â—s_v some_o remnant_n of_o the_o ancient_a idolatry_n of_o pagan_n the_o other_o state_n be_v that_o of_o denmark_n compose_v of_o the_o hanse_v teutonique_a call_v ancient_o cimbrica-chersonesus_n which_o be_v a_o corner_n of_o great_a germany_n contain_v the_o duchy_n of_o holstein_n juitland_n and_o schleswick_n a_o second_o part_n of_o that_o estate_n lie_v in_o land_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o zealand_n where_o coppenhagen_n be_v seat_v â—he_v capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o part_n be_v in_o the_o peninsula_n of_o the_o baltique_a sea_n â—nd_v herein_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n and_o finmarch_n to_o that_o state_n also_o belong_v the_o land_n of_o friesland_n and_o island_n far_o in_o the_o north._n they_o be_v all_o lutheran_n the_o strength_n and_o wealth_n of_o that_o kingdom_n lie_v in_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o sund_n which_o make_v it_o considerable_a to_o all_o that_o traffic_n to_o or_o from_o the_o baltique_a sea_n paragraphe_n xi_o from_o thence_o sail_v westward_o one_o come_v â—o_o the_o great_a brittanique_a land_n of_o which_o we_o â—hat_n inhabit_v they_o know_v more_o than_o this_o author_n and_o therefore_o leave_v that_o little_a
which_o he_o â—aith_v of_o they_o paragraphe_n xii_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o west_n we_o meâ—â—_n with_o the_o most_o considerable_a piece_n of_o europâ—_n which_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o germany_n the_o empiâ—â—_n begin_v by_o julius_n caesar_n but_o found_v by_o augustus_n possess_v all_o the_o know_a country_n of_o thâ—_n west_n but_o be_v great_o diminish_v about_o thâ—_n year_n of_o our_o lord_n 400._o for_o then_o by_o the_o incuâ—sions_n of_o the_o goth_n ostrogoth_n alans_n hunâ—_n herule_v vandal_n frankes_n and_o other_o manâ—_n state_n be_v found_v and_o final_o the_o empire_n cease_v in_o the_o west_n altogether_o in_o thâ—_n year_n 445._o by_o the_o death_n of_o augustulus_n and_o thâ—_n whole_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n be_v divide_v in_o many_o state_n in_o the_o year_n 800._o the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n begin_v afresh_o in_o the_o person_n of_o charlemaigne_n whâ—_n under_o that_o name_n possess_v all_o the_o gaul_n paâ—â—_n of_o spain_n almost_o all_o italy_n the_o great_a germâ—nie_n hungary_n slavonia_n part_n of_o poland_n anâ—_n denmark_n and_o other_o northern_a country_n but_o his_o posterity_n have_v degenerate_v thâ—_n empire_n go_v from_o his_o family_n about_o the_o yeâ—â—_n 912._o and_o after_o a_o long_a dispute_n about_o it_o between_o the_o italian_a and_o german_a prince_n otâ—â—_n duke_n of_o saxony_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o iâ—_n and_o from_o that_o time_n that_o which_o remain_v the_o empire_n have_v continue_v in_o the_o hand_n german_a prince_n that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o empire_n at_o this_o day_n have_v more_o shadow_n than_o substance_n i_o call_v a_o shadow_n all_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o emperor_n out_o of_o germany_n which_o be_v wear_v out_o with_o age_n and_o lose_v or_o remain_v with_o small_a vigour_n as_o â—he_v pretence_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n and_o the_o low-countries_n savoy_n franche_n county_n besancon_n and_o the_o like_a in_o germany_n he_o have_v some_o real_a and_o effective_a power_n germany_n at_o this_o time_n comprehend_v all_o that_o country_n between_o the_o border_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n on_o the_o east_n the_o baltique_a sea_n and_o denmark_n on_o the_o north_n the_o germanic_a sea_n and_o france_n on_o the_o west_n and_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n and_o the_o alps_n on_o the_o south_n neither_o be_v the_o emperor_n absolute_a every_o where_n or_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o large_a space_n for_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o circle_n or_o great_a province_n which_o have_v a_o proper_a right_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o to_o look_v to_o their_o own_o business_n and_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o general_a diet_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o circle_n there_o be_v many_o free_a city_n and_o many_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastical_a prince_n the_o chief_a be_v the_o seven_o electour_n three_o ecclesiastical_a the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n collen_n and_o treve_n four_o secular_a the_o count_n palatine_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o the_o marquesse_n of_o brandenhurg_n and_o next_o to_o these_o the_o duke_n of_o banteres_n the_o duke_n of_o wirtenberg_n luneburg_n mechelburg_n brunswicâ—_n the_o landgrave_n of_o hesse_n and_o many_o other_o buâ—_n above_o all_o these_o house_n that_o of_o austria_n be_v considerable_a of_o which_o we_o must_v speak_v in_o the_o neâ—â—_n chapter_n for_o beside_o the_o title_n of_o emperouâ—_n by_o election_n now_o continue_v in_o their_o family_n for_o many_o descent_n they_o possess_v their_o ancient_a patrimony_n austria_n stiria_n carinthia_n carnia_n tirolis_n elzas_n they_o hold_v also_o bohemia_n anâ—_n that_o little_a part_n of_o hungary_n which_o remain_v unto_o the_o christian_n all_o germany_n be_v divideâ—_n between_o papist_n lutheran_n and_o calvinists_n these_o three_o and_o the_o mahometan_a and_o the_o greeâ—_n religion_n be_v the_o principal_a religion_n knowâ—_n in_o europe_n chap._n ii_o by_o what_o degree_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v come_v to_o those_o great_a estate_n which_o iâ—_n possess_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o among_o the_o christian_a prince_n the_o two_o most_o considerable_a family_n be_v those_o of_o france_n and_o austria_n and_o although_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o house_n of_o france_n have_v all_o the_o prerogative_n of_o antiquity_n nobility_n and_o glory_n above_o the_o other_o yet_o that_o of_o austria_n be_v more_o powerful_a for_o extent_n of_o land_n and_o multitude_n of_o people_n and_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o more_o eminent_a quality_n which_o be_v the_o empire_n but_o because_o they_o hold_v it_o only_o by_o election_n they_o have_v that_o pre-eminence_n but_o for_o a_o time_n so_o that_o the_o family_n of_o austria_n from_o a_o sovereign_n may_v become_v a_o subject_a which_o can_v never_o happen_v to_o the_o sovereign_n by_o succession_n but_o by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n now_o because_o these_o two_o family_n draw_v to_o their_o motion_n the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o christian_a western_a world_n and_o that_o since_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v take_v a_o stupendous_a growth_n it_o will_v be_v to_o good_a purpose_n to_o examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n her_o birth_n progress_n and_o greatness_n for_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o france_n which_o be_v a_o ground_a monarchy_n of_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n stand_v but_o it_o be_v but_o of_o late_a that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n dare_v claim_v equality_n with_o the_o house_n of_o france_n paragraphe_n i._n yet_o so_o much_o we_o will_v say_v of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n 1._o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v erect_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o the_o year_n 419._o pharamont_n be_v elect_v king_n by_o the_o frankes_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n in_o the_o country_n of_o sicambria_n which_o be_v guelderland_n uretcht_v friesland_n and_o other_o country_n thereabouts_o but_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o son_n clodion_n the_o chevelu_n pass_v ever_o into_o france_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o we_o read_v but_o send_v forth_o their_o army_n to_o conquer_v it_o merovee_n the_o three_o king_n be_v the_o first_o that_o come_v to_o paris_n and_o take_v it_o and_o settle_a himself_o with_o the_o frankes_n in_o gaul_n from_o he_o be_v the_o first_o race_n of_o french_a king_n denominate_v and_o call_v the_o race_n of_o the_o merovingian_o 2._o clovis_n the_o five_o king_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 500_o and_o bring_v the_o french_a state_n to_o great_a splendour_n by_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o roman_n near_a soissons_fw-fr laon_n and_o reins_o by_o the_o conquest_n of_o gaul_n aquitanique_n and_o by_o the_o defeat_n of_o alaric_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o goth_n the_o son_n of_o that_o clovis_n about_o the_o year_n 527._o conquer_v the_o state_n of_o the_o burgundians_n or_o bourgognon_n so_o that_o race_n of_o the_o merovingian_o about_o the_o year_n of_o 530._o be_v possess_v of_o all_o the_o gaul_n yet_o divide_v into_o tetrarchy_n by_o the_o child_n of_o clovis_n and_o again_o by_o their_o descent_n that_o race_n with_o the_o gaul_n hold_v great_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o have_v do_v great_a service_n to_o the_o church_n and_o protect_v desolate_a pope_n goâ—_n from_o they_o the_o name_n of_o most_o christian_n &_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o church_n when_o that_o title_n be_v give_v they_o we_o can_v precise_o tell_v yet_o saint_n gregory_n who_o live_v in_o the_o year_n 600._o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v as_o eminent_a above_o other_o king_n as_o every_o king_n be_v above_o his_o subject_n that_o first_o race_n keep_v long_o the_o fierceness_n of_o german-barbarousnesse_n and_o about_o the_o year_n 650._o after_o the_o death_n of_o dagobert_n they_o degenerate_v to_o idleness_n and_o so_o continue_v for_o a_o hundred_o year_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o mayres_z of_o the_o palace_n to_o encroach_v upon_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n among_o who_o charles_n martel_n be_v most_o eminent_a who_o have_v defeat_v the_o sarrasin_n near_o tours_n and_o kill_v three_o hundred_o threescore_o and_o six_o thousand_o man_n and_o relieve_v the_o pope_n against_o the_o lombard_n raise_v much_o the_o honour_n of_o france_n and_o his_o own_o but_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o first_o royal_a line_n which_o end_v in_o the_o degradation_n of_o the_o unfortunate_a chilperic_n in_o the_o year_n 752._o have_v subsist_v 333_o year_n 5._o the_o second_o race_n much_o more_o illustrious_a than_o the_o first_o begin_v in_o the_o person_n of_o pippin_n son_n to_o that_o charles_n martel_n a_o valorous_a &_o fortunate_a prince_n devout_o addict_v to_o the_o roman_a see_n he_o receive_v pope_n stephen_n the_o first_o into_o france_n and_o put_v down_o adolphus_n king_n
their_o estate_n lewis_n maintain_v himself_o against_o his_o fulmination_n both_o by_o a_o assembly_n of_o his_o prelate_n at_o tours_n who_o clear_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o king_n conscience_n as_o his_o history_n speak_v and_o especial_o by_o arm_n whereby_o he_o repress_v all_o the_o invader_n of_o his_o state_n and_o put_v they_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o but_o john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n and_o catherine_n of_o navarra_n be_v expel_v from_o their_o state_n by_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_a who_o make_v a_o show_n to_o pass_v into_o guienne_n to_o join_v with_o the_o english_a and_o seize_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o papal_a interdict_v sudden_o turn_v upon_o navarra_n and_o take_v it_o an._n 1512._o both_o because_o john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n be_v unite_v with_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v a_o rebel_n against_o the_o church_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o english_a with_o who_o ferdinand_n have_v alliance_n also_o because_o the_o spaniard_n hold_v that_o there_o be_v a_o tacit_n agreement_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n not_o to_o suffer_v that_o any_o of_o the_o spanish_a crown_n shall_v fall_v into_o foreign_a hand_n or_o into_o house_n not_o sovereign_a as_o those_o of_o foix_n and_o albret_n as_o the_o reason_n and_o pretence_n of_o that_o invasion_n be_v leight_n and_o groundless_a the_o french_a stand_n to_o their_o right_n to_o this_o day_n against_o that_o manifest_a invasion_n and_o hinder_v the_o prescription_n by_o arm_n treaty_n and_o protestation_n paragraphe_n iu._n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n cassan_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n with_o more_o zeal_n than_o judgement_n will_v ground_v those_o right_n upon_o conquest_n 800._o year_n old_a and_o ancient_a expedition_n of_o the_o french_a king_n into_o spain_n where_o they_o take_v some_o town_n of_o navarra_n arragon_n and_o catalonia_n not_o consider_v the_o many_o change_n of_o succession_n in_o so_o many_o year_n the_o conquest_n of_o catalonia_n and_o arragon_n by_o charlemain_n give_v to_o the_o french_a no_o more_o right_a there_o in_o these_o time_n than_o those_o of_o caesar_n in_o france_n to_o the_o now_o emperor_n the_o right_n of_o the_o french_a over_o arragon_n catalonia_n &_o roussillon_n which_o have_v some_o ground_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n the_o first_o be_v how_o charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o saint_n lewis_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o two_o sicily_n against_o the_o child_n of_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o ii_o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v marry_v constance_n daughter_n to_o manfred_n bastard_n of_o frederick_n claim_v that_o kingdom_n from_o his_o wife_n make_v those_o bloody_a sicilian_a vesper_n an._n 1281._o a_o action_n which_o do_v incense_v the_o whole_a christendom_n against_o that_o peter_n well_o surname_v the_o cruel_a pope_n martin_n the_o iv_o especial_o a_o frenchman_n by_o birth_n and_o affection_n who_o excommunicate_v peter_n and_o put_v his_o kingdom_n in_o interdict_v not_o only_o by_o the_o general_a maxim_n of_o the_o pope_n that_o in_o certain_a case_n they_o have_v power_n over_o the_o temporal_n of_o king_n but_o because_o arragon_n have_v be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n a_o fee_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n so_o the_o pope_n deal_v with_o that_o perfidious_a king_n as_o sovereign_n of_o arragon_n to_o that_o purpose_n he_o send_v a_o legate_n into_o france_n which_o offer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n to_o king_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n for_o his_o son_n charles_n count_n of_o valois_n whereupon_o philip_n assemble_v the_o state_n general_n at_o paris_n accept_v the_o pope_n gift_n and_o undertake_v the_o war_n against_o peter_n take_v arragon_n gatalonia_n &_o valentia_n and_o invest_v his_o son_n charles_n with_o these_o kingdom_n pay_v five_o hundred_o liver_n yearly_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o these_o conquest_n king_n philip_n as_o he_o return_v into_o france_n dye_v at_o perpignan_n and_o the_o french_a soon_o after_o lose_v all_o that_o country_n yet_o their_o right_n if_o they_o have_v any_o by_o the_o donation_n of_o the_o pope_n remain_v as_o good_a as_o before_o but_o the_o spaniard_n contradict_v that_o right_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a confusion_n about_o that_o quarrel_n a_o marriage_n be_v make_v between_o that_o charles_n de_fw-fr valois_n pretend_v king_n of_o arragon_n and_z margaret_z daughter_n to_o charles_n the_o two_o king_n of_o naples_n to_o which_o margaret_n the_o county_n of_o anjou_n and_o maine_n be_v give_v for_o her_o portion_n which_o have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o charles_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n and_o by_o he_o unite_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n with_o this_o proviso_n that_o though_o margaret_n shall_v die_v without_o issue_n charles_n shall_v possess_v these_o county_n yield_v all_o his_o right_n and_o claim_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n which_o charles_n do_v and_o so_o that_o great_a difference_n be_v end_v the_o second_o head_n whence_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a upon_o arragon_n do_v arise_v regard_v the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n the_o second_o son_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n be_v lewis_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o anjou_n a_o prince_n well_o know_v in_o history_n as_o he_o that_o be_v make_v regent_n of_o france_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o charles_n the_o vi_o and_o after_o invest_v with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o first_o a_o right_n which_o he_o prosecute_v and_o perish_v in_o the_o prosecution_n but_o he_o leave_v the_o title_n to_o his_o child_n his_o son_n lewis_n the_o two_o marry_v yoland_n daughter_n to_o john_n the_o i._o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o of_o yoland_n of_o bar_n his_o wife_n the_o elder_a sister_n of_o that_o yoland_n wife_n to_o lewis_n the_o two_o of_o anjou_n which_o be_v jane_n countess_n of_o foix_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n and_o no_o child_n remain_v of_o john_n of_o arragon_n but_o that_o yoland_n duchess_n of_o anjou_n she_o be_v the_o undoubted_a heir_n of_o that_o state_n but_o her_o uucle_n martin_n duke_n of_o montblant_n seize_v upon_o it_o lewis_n send_v the_o bishop_n of_o couserans_n to_o represent_v his_o right_n and_o when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o martin_n he_o will_v dispute_v his_o right_n by_o the_o sword_n he_o be_v persuade_v to_o put_v the_o business_n to_o a_o arbitrement_n for_o the_o peer_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n have_v choose_v arbitrator_n to_o umpire_n the_o business_n between_o lewis_n and_o martin_n and_o examine_v the_o claim_n of_o other_o pretender_n and_o though_o the_o umpire_n be_v almost_o all_o arragones_n they_o will_v not_o pronounce_v any_o thing_n so_o that_o quarrel_n remain_v undecided_a and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o two_o martins_n father_n and_o son_n the_o arbitration_n be_v renew_v nine_o arbitrator_n defer_v the_o kingdom_n to_o ferdinand_n brother_n to_o henry_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o castilia_n that_o sentence_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o antipope_n benedict_n the_o xiii_o who_o be_v forsake_v almost_o by_o all_o the_o world_n have_v take_v sanctuary_n in_o arragon_n against_o the_o nullity_n of_o that_o sentence_n the_o child_n of_o yoland_n lewis_n the_o iii_o of_o anjou_n and_o rené_fw-fr do_v protest_v yea_o the_o child_n of_o rené_fw-fr make_v war_n in_o arragon_n to_o recover_v it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o of_o france_n but_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o forsake_v all_o and_o arragon_n remain_v with_o the_o usurper_n unto_o this_o day_n yet_o i_o see_v not_o that_o the_o french_a urge_v much_o that_o claim_n be_v somewhat_o too_o old_a to_o be_v now_o revive_v paragraphe_n v._o of_o catalonia_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o catalonia_n which_o be_v a_o great_a province_n of_o spain_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o valentia_n arragon_n and_o roussillon_n it_o be_v both_o before_o the_o roman_n and_o under_o they_o part_n of_o hispania_n tarraconensis_n as_o arragon_n and_o other_o country_n near_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n since_o which_o time_n be_v conquer_v by_o the_o gotth_n and_o alans_n together_o it_o be_v call_v by_o they_o gottalania_n which_o name_n be_v since_o corrupt_v to_o catalaunia_n it_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o gotth_n till_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o saracen_n a_o 713._o who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o as_o of_o most_o part_n of_o spain_n but_o charlemain_n take_v it_o from_o they_o and_o all_o the_o country_n near_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o expelling_a zaron_n the_o moor_n out_o of_o barcelona_n and_o put_v a_o french_a garrison_n in_o it_o not_o long_o after_o he_o
give_v it_o to_o bernard_n who_o be_v the_o first_o count_n of_o catalonia_n and_o be_v a_o powerful_a and_o considerable_a man_n in_o the_o court_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a and_o the_o count_n of_o that_o province_n who_o then_o be_v but_o goverour_n be_v a_o long_a time_n ordinary_a courtier_n and_o attendant_n of_o the_o french_a king_n but_o by_o the_o idleness_n of_o the_o last_o descent_n of_o charlemain_n the_o governor_n of_o province_n and_o of_o this_o among_o the_o rest_n make_v themselves_o master_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o three_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n the_o family_n that_o rule_v in_o catalonia_n be_v that_o of_o the_o beringer_n and_o that_o county_n be_v always_o separate_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n till_o the_o year_n 1131_o when_o don_n alphonso_n king_n of_o arragon_n surname_v the_o bellador_n because_o he_o fight_v twenty_o two_o battle_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n the_o people_n of_o arragon_n take_v ramires_n out_o of_o the_o gloister_n of_o st._n pontius_n of_o tomieres_n where_o he_o have_v live_v forty_o year_n a_o monk_n because_o he_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a blood_n and_o son_n to_o sanchez_n ramires_n king_n of_o arragon_n he_o be_v marry_v by_o a_o dispensation_n of_o anaclet_n the_o two_o pope_n or_o rather_o antipope_n and_o have_v a_o daughter_n name_v petronilla_n marry_v to_o raymond_n berenger_n count_n of_o catalonia_n so_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n be_v unite_v and_o never_o separate_v since_o james_n king_n of_o arragon_n an_z 1320._o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o land_n make_v the_o law_n of_o union_n of_o the_o three_o province_n arragon_n valentia_n and_o catalonia_n not_o to_o be_v possess_v separately_z any_o more_o together_o with_o that_o law_n catalonia_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n that_o she_o shall_v have_v her_o force_n and_o privilege_n apart_o and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n who_o take_v only_o the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o catalonia_n shall_v oblige_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o observe_v that_o condition_n this_o precaution_n of_o the_o catalans_n have_v justify_v their_o late_a revolt_n which_o the_o most_o conscionable_a among_o they_o have_v yield_v unto_o acknowledge_v that_o their_o king_n have_v violate_v that_o treaty_n it_o be_v a_o constant_a truth_n that_o all_o that_o time_n from_o the_o conquest_n of_o charlemain_n catalonia_n be_v a_o fee_n depend_v from_o france_n charlemain_n make_v the_o first_o count_n of_o it_o who_o be_v his_o courtier_n the_o first_o upon_o who_o it_o be_v settle_v as_o a_o french_a fee_n be_v geoffrey_n le_fw-fr velu_n invest_v by_o charles_n le_fw-fr gros_n a_o 885._o and_o bera_n count_n of_o catalonia_n be_v accuse_v of_o felony_n before_o lewis_n le_fw-fr begue_n offer_v to_o purge_v himself_o by_o a_o duel_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o be_v overcome_v he_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o fee_n and_o another_o invest_v with_o it_o all_o that_o time_n also_o all_o the_o public_a act_n of_o notary_n in_o catalonia_n be_v do_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n which_o be_v a_o undoubted_a mark_n of_o supremacy_n and_o all_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n count_n of_o catalonia_n do_v homage_n for_o it_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n till_o the_o year_n 1181._o and_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o philip_n the_o conqueror_n when_o alphonsus_n king_n of_o arragon_n call_v a_o council_n at_o tarracona_n a_o town_n of_o catalonia_n where_o under_o colour_n of_o conscience_n and_o respect_n to_o religion_n he_o cause_v a_o order_n to_o be_v make_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o the_o year_n of_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v no_o more_o be_v put_v in_o the_o deed_n and_o contract_n of_o catalonia_n but_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o same_o king_n have_v neglect_v that_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o right_o be_v lose_v under_o philip_n auguste_fw-la lewis_n the_o viii_o and_o st_n lewis_n the_o claim_n only_o remain_v in_o which_o consideration_n likely_a the_o prince_n of_o arragon_n be_v educate_v in_o the_o court_n of_o france_n one_o of_o they_o be_v james_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o st._n lewis_n and_o have_v be_v educate_v with_o philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n who_o be_v come_v to_o visit_v that_o king_n and_o have_v give_v he_o his_o sister_n isabel_n to_o wife_n the_o spartard_n say_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o match_n and_o the_o session_n which_o james_n make_v to_o philip_n of_o the_o town_n of_o monpellier_n and_o of_o some_o other_o land_n which_o he_o possess_v in_o langue_n doc_fw-fr the_o say_a king_n philip_n quit_v all_o his_o right_n of_o supremacy_n over_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n that_o treaty_n be_v a_o 1270_o by_o which_o the_o spaniard_n conceive_v that_o they_o have_v shake_v the_o yoke_n of_o french_a sovereignty_n but_o whether_o that_o treaty_n be_v valid_a or_o no_o either_o for_o the_o fact_n or_o the_o right_n that_o session_n be_v above_o 380_o year_n old_a it_o seem_v authentical_a and_o the_o french_a have_v give_v over_o that_o claim_n but_o they_o have_v another_o of_o latter_a date_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o massacre_n make_v in_o the_o siclian_a vesper_n a_o 1281._o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n count_n of_o catalonia_n be_v excommunicate_v &_o his_o land_n put_v in_o interdict_v and_o give_v to_o philiple_a hardy_n by_o martin_n the_o iv_o pope_n or_o to_o his_o son_n count_n of_o valois_n but_o that_o right_a be_v the_o same_o as_o the_o right_n which_o the_o french_a claim_n or_o do_v claim_v upon_o arragon_n of_o which_o we_o speak_v late_o we_o will_v not_o here_o repeat_v so_o the_o french_a right_n over_o catalonia_n be_v reduce_v to_o these_o two_o nead_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o conquest_n of_o charlemain_n the_o estabish_n of_o count_n and_o governor_n in_o the_o same_o the_o homage_n do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n the_o year_n of_o their_o reign_n ascribe_v in_o their_o deed_n both_o private_a and_o public_a the_o other_o be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v pretend_v upon_o arragon_n of_o both_o the_o french_a make_v no_o great_a account_n only_o because_o of_o late_a year_n catalonia_n have_v shake_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o castilia_n and_o have_v give_v themselves_o to_o the_o french_a it_o may_v be_v dispute_v whether_o the_o french_a king_n may_v use_v any_o of_o these_o old_a stale_a title_n or_o whether_o he_o must_v ground_v the_o justice_n of_o his_o possession_n upon_o the_o donation_n which_o the_o catalan_o have_v make_v to_o he_o hold_v themselves_o free_a from_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o spaniard_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o infraction_n of_o their_o privilege_n certain_o in_o all_o particular_a treaty_n the_o unobservation_n of_o the_o condition_n free_v the_o party_n from_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o as_o for_o sovereignty_n and_o the_o mutual_a obligation_n of_o king_n and_o subject_n many_o will_v reason_v otherwise_o say_v that_o although_o the_o obligation_n be_v mutual_a as_o for_o the_o conscience_n yet_o as_o for_o the_o retrocession_n and_o the_o penalty_n attend_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o obligation_n it_o do_v not_o reach_v to_o king_n who_o action_n be_v not_o censurable_a by_o the_o people_n not_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o contract_n which_o be_v mutual_a and_o reciprocal_a but_o for_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o consequence_n which_o may_v authorise_v revolt_n other_o also_o will_v say_v that_o a_o country_n give_v herself_o to_o a_o prince_n what_o privilege_n soever_o the_o people_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o by_o contract_n they_o be_v all_o lose_v when_o they_o enter_v into_o subjection_n which_o by_o its_o nature_n make_v a_o man_n subject_n to_o another_o man_n without_o any_o exception_n when_o the_o public_a good_a be_v concern_v &_o that_o those_o privilege_n by_o that_o subjection_n pass_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o mere_a liberty_n and_o concession_n of_o prince_n which_o they_o may_v stretch_v diminish_v and_o overthrow_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n certain_o in_o all_o these_o contention_n between_o the_o people_n and_o the_o sovereign_a passion_n and_o interest_n bear_v a_o great_a sway_n &_o make_v conscience_n plead_v on_o both_o side_n but_o any_o reason_n will_v pass_v when_o there_o be_v strength_n to_o back_o it_o paragraphe_n vi_o of_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o sardinia_n that_o little_a country_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o pyrenees_n and_o near_o the_o golph_n of_o leon_n be_v ancient_o part_v of_o languedoc_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n pass_v through_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o change_n it_o be_v for_o a_o great_a while_n part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o bezier_n and_o duchy_n of_o narbon_n then_o it_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o particular_a count_n which_o fail_v the_o country_n fall_v to_o
the_o count_n of_o catalonia_n how_o and_o in_o what_o time_n precise_o i_o find_v not_o only_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o st_n lewis_n alphonsus_n his_o brother_n count_n of_o toulouse_n and_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v in_o suit_n about_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n st_o lewis_n be_v choose_v umpire_n as_o bear_v himself_o for_o sovereign_n of_o both_o who_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v their_o judge_n and_o he_o do_v adjudge_v it_o to_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n against_o his_o own_o brother_n it_o seem_v that_o holy_a king_n acknowledge_v the_o justice_n of_o their_o possession_n for_o as_o that_o county_n be_v unite_v with_o that_o of_o barcelonia_n it_o be_v hold_v also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n since_o the_o union_n of_o these_o with_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n it_o run_v the_o same_o fortune_n with_o arragon_n and_o be_v conquer_v by_o philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o interdict_v of_o pope_n martin_n the_o iv_o philip_n die_v at_o perpignan_n and_o soon_o after_o all_o be_v lose_v and_o quite_v by_o charles_n de_fw-fr valois_n his_o second_o son_n but_o of_o that_o right_n &_o all_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n upon_o roussillon_n as_o upon_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n the_o french_a themselves_o make_v no_o great_a account_n but_o upon_o roussillon_n the_o french_a have_v a_o title_n altogether_o singular_a john_n king_n of_o arragon_n that_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o of_o france_n be_v in_o war_n with_o his_o subject_n of_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n as_o maintainer_n of_o his_o son_n charles_n prince_z of_o vienna_n and_o the_o true_a heir_n of_o navarra_n against_o he_o and_o find_v his_o subject_n too_o hard_o for_o he_o as_o assisted_z by_o henry_n king_n of_o castilia_n desire_v lewis_n the_o xi_o to_o assist_v he_o which_o he_o do_v with_o great_a might_n have_v send_v he_o a_o good_a army_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o charles_n d'_fw-fr armagnao_n duke_n of_o nemours_n who_o confirm_v the_o crown_n to_o john_n and_o compose_v the_o difference_n between_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n at_o which_o time_n john_n engage_v the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o the_o town_n of_o perpignan_n unto_o lewis_n the_o xi_o for_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n which_o he_o borrow_v of_o he_o lewis_n notwithstanding_o many_o treachery_n and_o attempt_n of_o the_o arrogenese_n maintain_v himself_o in_o that_o country_n and_z charles_n the_o viii_o his_o son_n after_o he_o until_o the_o design_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1492._o that_o charles_n the_o viii_o begin_v the_o enterprise_n of_o naples_n and_o fear_v lest_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n son_n to_z that_o john_n will_v assist_v the_o house_n of_o naples_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o that_o of_o arragon_n or_o shall_v enter_v into_o france_n in_o his_o absence_n he_o return_v unto_o he_o that_o county_n of_o roussillon_n gratis_o not_o 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side_n of_o the_o two_o river_n remain_v with_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n the_o part_n beyond_o they_o with_o the_o island_n of_o sicily_n remain_v with_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n not_o long_o after_o the_o saracen_n invade_v italy_n the_o height_n of_o their_o fury_n be_v about_o the_o year_n 850._o and_o in_o the_o part_n about_o sicily_n and_o sicily_n itself_o where_o they_o settle_v themselves_o and_o for_o many_o age_n those_o country_n be_v the_o sad_a stage_n where_o the_o latin_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o greek_n on_o the_o other_o and_o the_o saracen_n enemy_n to_o both_o act_v a_o bloody_a tragedy_n 2._o about_o the_o year_n 1000_o forty_o norman_a gentleman_n return_v from_o the_o pilgrimage_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n give_v a_o powerful_a assistance_n to_o the_o christian_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n against_o the_o saracen_n and_o be_v return_v home_o undertake_v not_o long_o after_o a_o expedition_n to_o naples_n with_o more_o might_n 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the_o year_n 1262._o 3._o by_o the_o fall_n out_o of_o all_o these_o prince_n with_o the_o pope_n great_a confusion_n happen_v in_o italy_n the_o pope_n innocent_a the_o iv_o weary_a of_o the_o german_a race_n present_v the_o kingdom_n to_o saint_n lewis_n for_o his_o brother_n charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n and_o provence_n who_o be_v repute_v a_o great_a warrior_n and_o two_o year_n after_o vrban_n the_o iv_o invest_v they_o with_o it_o an._n 1264._o that_o country_n which_o he_o hold_v from_o the_o church_n contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o great_a i_o will_v of_o sicily_n and_o be_v call_v sicilia_n ultra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la farum_fw-la because_o of_o the_o far_a or_o straight_o of_o messina_n which_o separate_v the_o i_o will_v from_o the_o continent_n but_o that_o country_n be_v so_o give_v he_o by_o the_o pope_n that_o he_o be_v first_o to_o conquer_v it_o before_o he_o can_v
make_v governor_n instead_o of_o lude_n he_o deliver_v it_o base_o to_o the_o spaniard_n for_o which_o he_o be_v degrade_v of_o nobility_n with_o this_o the_o french_a lose_v all_o navarra_n and_o never_o come_v into_o it_o since_o for_o milan_n francis_n have_v give_v the_o government_n of_o it_o to_o the_o constable_n charles_n de_fw-fr bourbon_n he_o remove_v he_o and_o give_v it_o to_o lautree_n of_o the_o house_n of_o foix_n a_o great_a captain_n in_o the_o field_n but_o a_o ill_a politician_n in_o a_o state_n he_o so_o misuse_v the_o people_n of_o milan_n both_o by_o himself_o and_o by_o his_o brother_n the_o marshal_n de_fw-fr lescun_fw-fr and_o together_o be_v so_o ill_o assist_v with_o money_n from_o the_o court_n that_o the_o emperor_n have_v a_o easy_a entry_n into_o the_o country_n milan_n be_v take_v and_o plunder_v by_o the_o league_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o french_a expel_v out_o of_o the_o duchy_n at_o which_o they_o say_v that_o the_o pope_n die_v for_o joy_n a_o 1621._o soon_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o la_fw-fr bicoque_fw-la be_v fight_v which_o the_o freneh_n lose_v by_o the_o stubborness_n of_o the_o swisser_n lautree_n be_v return_v into_o france_n the_o admiral_n de_fw-fr bonnivet_n be_v send_v to_o milan_n where_o he_o do_v no_o better_o and_o be_v force_v to_o forsake_v all_o in_o that_o retreat_n chevalier_n bayard_n be_v kill_v a_o 1523._o these_o prosperity_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v much_o help_v by_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o constable_n of_o bourbon_n 1522_o who_o be_v incense_v by_o the_o little_a account_n that_o francis_n make_v of_o he_o the_o encroach_a of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o bonivet_n upon_o his_o office_n of_o constable_n by_o the_o king_n favour_n the_o hatred_n of_o lovise_v the_o king_n mother_n and_o the_o chancellor_n du_fw-fr prat_n against_o he_o and_o the_o small_a justice_n which_o he_o expect_v in_o a_o suit_n which_o concern_v almost_o his_o whole_a estate_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o emperor_n party_n he_o help_v he_o to_o conquer_v milan_n and_o to_o give_v the_o chase_n to_o the_o admiral_n of_o bonivet_n pass_v into_o provence_n with_o the_o imperial_a army_n besiege_v marseille_n where_o he_o be_v repulse_v by_o renso_n de_fw-fr cera_n a_o roman_a baron_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr chabot_n that_o keep_v it_o for_o the_o king_n he_o repass_v the_o alps_n and_o the_o king_n after_o he_o who_o come_v to_o milan_n recover_v present_o the_o whole_a duchy_n pavia_n only_o accept_v while_o francis_n be_v besiege_v pavia_n defend_v by_o antonio_n de_fw-fr leva_n charles_n de_fw-fr bourbon_n bring_v troop_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o relieve_v it_o the_o battle_n of_o pavia_n be_v fight_v where_o the_o victory_n be_v already_o on_o the_o king_n side_n he_o will_v follow_v in_o person_n the_o enemy_n which_o be_v retire_v and_o have_v no_o soon_o overtake_v they_o but_o he_o be_v take_v by_o they_o an_z 1524._o upon_o saint_n mathias_n day_n francis_n have_v be_v keep_v a_o while_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o pissigitun_n be_v carry_v into_o spain_n and_o there_o keep_v prisoner_n his_o kingdom_n labour_v for_o his_o deliverance_n &_o for_o peace_n this_o bring_v forth_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n a_o 1525_o where_o gatinara_n chancellor_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr selva_n first_o precedent_n of_o paris_n who_o be_v the_o two_o learned_a among_o the_o deputy_n dispute_v at_o several_a time_n the_o right_n of_o their_o master_n selva_n claim_v naples_n navarra_n and_o the_o soverainties_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n gatinara_n claim_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n which_o the_o emperor_n then_o possess_v in_o the_o end_n the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n be_v make_v where_o among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v conclude_v febr._n 14.1525_o 1._o that_o within_o the_o 20._o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o june_n next_o the_o king_n will_v put_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n into_o the_o emperor_n hand_n with_o all_o the_o appurtenance_n and_o dependence_n thereof_o and_o all_o that_o he_o hold_v of_o the_o french_a county_n 2_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o that_o duchy_n and_o county_n and_o of_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n 3._o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v all_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n genoa_n ast_n douai_n l'_fw-mi isle_n tournay_n and_o hesdin_n 4._o that_o the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o power_n shall_v procure_v that_o henry_n d'_fw-fr albret_n forsake_v his_o claim_n to_o navarra_n in_o the_o emperor_n behalf_n or_o if_o henry_n refuse_v it_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o assist_v he_o with_o his_o force_n 5._o that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v likewise_o disclaim_v all_o his_o right_n to_o the_o county_n of_o ponthieu_n bullen_n and_o guines_n and_o to_o the_o town_n of_o montdidier_n roye_n peronne_n and_o other_o town_n and_o lordship_n of_o picardy_n paragraphe_n iv_o from_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n to_o that_o of_o cambray_n that_o period_n contain_v but_o four_o or_o five_o year_n in_o which_o many_o considerable_a thing_n do_v happen_v 1._o the_o king_n be_v deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n give_v his_o two_o son_n for_o hostage_n the_o dolphin_n francis_n and_z henry_n duke_n of_o orleans_n go_v to_o bayonne_n and_o bourdeaux_n stay_v at_o angoulesme_fw-fr and_o cognac_n accompany_v with_o charles_n de_fw-fr lanoy_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o treaty_n but_o that_o viceroy_n see_v in_o short_a time_n three_o action_n repugnant_a unto_o it_o 1._o the_o first_o that_o the_o king_n have_v cause_v the_o article_n to_o be_v read_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o state_n of_o his_o kingdom_n they_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o be_v unjust_a contrary_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o state_n and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o observe_v they_o although_o the_o king_n do_v protest_v of_o his_o willingness_n to_o see_v they_o observe_v two_o thing_n make_v these_o article_n unjust_a 1._o the_o right_a of_o nation_n whereby_o all_o treaty_n make_v by_o one_o keep_v in_o prison_n be_v account_v void_a as_o extort_a by_o violence_n 2._o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o state_n by_o which_o the_o king_n be_v always_o a_o minor_a as_o for_o the_o alienation_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n the_o second_o opposition_n to_o the_o treaty_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o naples_n be_v that_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n protest_v before_o the_o king_n that_o he_o can_v not_o alienate_v they_o without_o their_o consent_n and_o refuse_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n the_o three_o that_o he_o see_v a_o league_n make_v at_o cognac_n for_o the_o expelling_a of_o the_o emperor_n out_o of_o italy_n the_o emperor_n have_v make_v himself_o formidable_a to_o all_o prince_n to_o the_o italian_n especial_o and_o go_v about_o to_o divest_v francisco_n sforza_n from_o milan_n which_o he_o have_v confer_v upon_o he_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o pavia_n the_o pope_n clement_n the_o vii_o king_n francis_n the_o venetian_n the_o swisser_n the_o florentine_n make_v a_o league_n which_o be_v call_v the_o sacred_a league_n to_o deliver_v italy_n from_o oppression_n without_o name_v the_o emperor_n who_o also_o in_o a_o scorn_n be_v invite_v to_o make_v one_o in_o it_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v restore_v the_o two_o son_n of_o france_n suffer_v the_o duke_n sforza_n to_o live_v in_o peace_n and_o give_v over_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o milan_n by_o that_o league_n the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v with_o common_a charge_n and_o because_o the_o italian_a prince_n may_v be_v afraid_a of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o french_a in_o italy_n no_o less_o then_o of_o that_o of_o the_o emperor_n king_n francis_n be_v to_o renounce_v his_o right_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n in_o favour_n of_o sforza_n for_o a_o pension_n which_o shall_v be_v arbitrate_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o venetian_n not_o under_o fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n that_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n shall_v remain_v to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o genoa_n under_o the_o government_n of_o antonio_n d'_fw-fr adornat_fw-la with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n if_o he_o will_v subscribe_v to_o that_o league_n the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o pope_n hand_n he_o pay_v for_o it_o sixty_o thousand_o ducat_n of_o yearly_a pension_n that_o league_n be_v publish_v and_o proclaim_v at_o cognac_n in_o presence_n of_o lanoy_n to_o who_o the_o king_n make_v excuse_n for_o the_o inexecution_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n show_v how_o he_o be_v disable_v and_o declare_v minor_a by_o the_o state_n 3._o lanoy_n be_v return_v into_o spain_n
and_o spain_n intervene_v to_o make_v they_o friend_n and_o this_o be_v do_v without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o peace_n between_o the_o two_o state_n valteline_n be_v a_o valley_n seat_v between_o germany_n the_o venetian_n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n &_o the_o grison_n it_o be_v in_o old_a time_n a_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n or_o at_o least_o a_o appurtenance_n of_o the_o same_o and_o be_v engage_v to_o the_o grison_n by_o lewis_n the_o xii_o for_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n arrear_n due_a to_o they_o for_o their_o service_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o milan_n since_o which_o time_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o grison_n but_o the_o difference_n of_o religion_n intervening_a and_o the_o grison_n be_v turn_v protestant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n valtolina_n keep_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o religion_n of_o milan_n which_o make_v they_o desire_n to_o shake_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o grison_n and_o return_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o milan_n invite_v to_o it_o by_o the_o spaniard_n so_o that_o a_o 1619._o the_o great_a revolt_n begin_v and_o the_o valtolin_n expel_v the_o grison_n their_o master_n who_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o france_n by_o who_o they_o hold_v that_o country_n king_n lewis_n the_o xiii_o send_v mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr bassompierre_n into_o spain_n to_o philip_n the_o iv_o for_o philip_n the_o iii_o be_v late_o dead_a who_o grant_v according_a to_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n that_o all_o garrison_n of_o stranger_n shall_v depart_v out_o of_o valtolina_n and_o that_o order_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o catholic_a religion_n the_o duke_n of_o feria_n have_v refuse_v to_o execute_v that_o command_n and_o the_o valtolin_n unwilling_a to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o grison_n king_n lewis_n exhort_v the_o swisser_n and_o grison_n to_o maintain_v their_o right_n and_o send_v they_o a_o ambassador_n the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr coenure_n who_o he_o make_v afterward_o general_n of_o their_o army_n and_o marshal_n of_o france_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o marshal_n d'estree_fw-mi then_o do_v the_o french_a and_o the_o spaniard_n fight_n yet_o without_o break_v the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n because_o both_o act_v for_o their_o confederate_n pope_n vrban_n the_o viii_o have_v make_v himself_o depositary_a of_o the_o principal_a place_n of_o valtolina_n send_v his_o nephew_n cardinal_n barbarini_n into_o france_n a_o 1625._o who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o accommodation_n as_o pretend_v to_o deliver_v valtolina_n from_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o grison_n war_n begin_v in_o italy_n by_o the_o alliance_n make_v between_o the_o french_a and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n against_o genoa_n which_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o spaniard_n thus_o these_o quarrel_n upon_o the_o by_o come_v very_o near_o to_o a_o absolute_a rapture_n between_o the_o two_o nation_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n some_o spanish_a ship_n pass_v from_o barcelona_n to_o genoa_n and_o drive_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o marseille_n be_v arrest_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n of_o which_o the_o genoese_n complain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o council_n irritate_v with_o these_o war_n and_o with_o the_o take_n of_o many_o place_n about_o genoa_n give_v order_n that_o all_o french_a ship_n in_o the_o haven_n of_o spain_n shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o french_a traffic_a in_o spain_n seize_v upon_o the_o council_n of_o france_n to_o be_v even_o with_o they_o make_v two_o edict_n the_o one_o to_o forbid_v all_o traffic_n with_o spain_n the_o other_o to_o seize_v upon_o all_o ship_n of_o spain_n portugal_n naples_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o spanish_a dominion_n yet_o only_o by_o right_a of_o represall_n and_o for_o restitution_n of_o the_o good_n take_v from_o the_o french_a war_n continue_v in_o piedmont_n all_o that_o while_n till_o the_o winter_n of_o that_o year_n 1625_o when_o the_o army_n retire_v into_o garrison_n that_o winter_n du_n fâ—rgis_n the_o french_a emassadour_n in_o spain_n begin_v a_o treaty_n which_o be_v call_v the_o treaty_n of_o monson_n in_o arragon_n whereby_o without_o any_o commission_n from_o his_o master_n or_o his_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n the_o cardinal_n de_fw-fr richelieu_n as_o it_o be_v pretend_v he_o do_v great_o derogate_v to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o grison_n over_o valtolina_n make_v the_o valtolin_n well_o nigh_o soveraine_v take_v from_o the_o grison_n all_o power_n to_o refuse_v the_o judge_n and_o that_o form_n of_o government_n which_o the_o valtolin_n will_v set_v up_o among_o themselves_o that_o treaty_n be_v disavow_v by_o king_n lewis_n and_o the_o cardinal_n who_o command_v the_o ambassador_n to_o reform_v it_o wherein_o so_o much_o tedious_a protraction_n be_v use_v that_o lewis_n be_v in_o the_o end_n constrain_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o valtolin_n and_o send_v they_o the_o duke_n of_o rohan_n who_o there_o continue_v the_o war_n even_o after_o the_o rapture_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o vincent_n the_o ii_o duke_n of_o mantua_n be_v dead_a charles_n duke_n of_o nevers_n the_o next_o heir_n male_a succeed_v but_o the_o emperor_n make_v some_o difficulty_n about_o it_o because_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o france_n and_o because_o he_o do_v not_o come_v personal_o to_o he_o to_o render_v his_o homage_n but_o beside_o his_o right_n of_o lapse_n for_o want_n of_o homage_n he_o set_v up_o the_o right_n of_o duke_n guastullo_n of_o the_o same_o house_n of_o mantua_n which_o yet_o appear_v at_o the_o first_o to_o be_v weak_a and_o of_o no_o force_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n renew_v his_o right_n to_o montserrat_n so_o the_o new_a duke_n of_o mantua_n see_v himself_o almost_o swallow_v up_o by_o the_o emperor_n the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n yea_o don_n gonzales_n de_fw-fr cordova_n besiege_v cazal_n the_o old_a apple_n of_o discord_n between_o the_o house_n of_o mantua_n and_o savoy_n king_n lewis_n resolve_v to_o maintain_v his_o subject_n and_o confederate_a send_v beuron_n and_o guron_n to_o defend_v cazal_n himself_o pass_v into_o italy_n force_v le_fw-fr pas_fw-fr de_fw-fr suze_fw-fr drive_v the_o spaniard_n from_o the_o siege_n of_o cazal_n and_o compel_v the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n to_o let_v the_o mantuan_a be_v in_o peace_n the_o protestant_n in_o france_n be_v in_o arm_n rochel_n besiege_v and_o their_o party_n bring_v low_a some_o say_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o rohan_n send_v clausel_n from_o montpellier_n to_o madrid_n to_o put_v the_o protestant_a party_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o history_n of_o dupleix_n set_v down_o the_o whole_a treaty_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o rohan_n whereby_o the_o spaniard_n promise_v to_o assist_v rohan_n with_o man_n and_o money_n but_o lewis_n return_v victorious_a out_o of_o italy_n sudden_o overcome_v the_o protestant_a party_n and_o force_v they_o to_o receive_v peace_n the_o spaniard_n think_v he_o may_v as_o lawful_o assist_v the_o protestant_n of_o france_n as_o the_o french_a assist_v those_o of_o holland_n whilst_o lewis_n be_v busy_a about_o the_o pacification_n of_o his_o own_o state_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n renew_v his_o pretence_n to_o montserrat_n the_o emperor_n send_v colalâ—o_o against_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n and_o the_o marquesse_n of_o spinola_n besiege_v cazal_n but_o in_o vain_a be_v well_o defend_v by_o toiras_n since_o marshal_v of_o france_n lewis_n repass_v into_o italy_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n the_o imperial_a army_n take_v mantua_n but_o all_o be_v pacify_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o queyras_n a_o 1631._o and_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n be_v settle_v in_o his_o estate_n in_o that_o year_n 1631._o marry_o the_o queen_n mother_n of_o france_n retire_v into_o flanders_n the_o next_o year_n 1632._o the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n her_o son_n do_v the_o like_a where_o get_v some_o dutch_a and_o german_a troop_n he_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o france_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1633._o he_o make_v a_o treaty_n with_o the_o spaniard_n to_o enter_v into_o france_n with_o a_o army_n all_o this_o without_o absolute_a rapture_n betwixt_o the_o two_o crown_n only_o the_o spaniard_n foment_v the_o division_n of_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o france_n gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sueden_n after_o a_o long_a war_n against_o poland_n come_v into_o germany_n a_o 1631._o for_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o meckelburg_n his_o kinsman_n into_o their_o estate_n out_o of_o which_o the_o emperor_n have_v expel_v they_o and_o to_o restore_v liberty_n to_o the_o city_n of_o germany_n lewis_n jealous_a of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o have_v cause_n enough_o to_o ressent_n the_o wrong_v offer_v to_o he_o
successive_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n this_o last_o be_v grandfather_n to_o philip_n the_o last_o duke_n who_o end_v the_o masuline_a line_n but_o that_o robert_n the_o ii_o have_v three_o daughter_n beside_o margaret_n wife_n to_o king_n lewis_n hutin_n whence_o come_v the_o house_n of_o navarra_n jane_n wife_n to_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n and_o mother_n to_o king_n john_n and_o mary_n wife_n to_o edward_n count_n of_o bar._n they_o say_v then_o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o philip_n the_o last_o duke_n king_n john_n take_v that_o duchy_n by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o mother_n jane_n which_o right_o he_o transport_v to_o his_o son_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o masculine_a apanage_n whereby_o they_o will_v have_v it_o evident_a that_o female_n may_v inherit_v it_o 8._o against_o that_o pretend_a right_o which_o be_v very_o much_o dispute_v in_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n the_o french_a have_v strong_a exception_n the_o first_o be_v that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n within_o which_o that_o gift_n be_v make_v no_o son_n of_o france_n have_v any_o great_a apanage_v but_o with_o that_o restriction_n against_o which_o whatsoever_o king_n john_n may_v have_v say_v or_o do_v and_o he_o be_v a_o very_a imprudent_a and_o rash_a man_n he_o can_v do_v no_o valuable_a deed_n to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o state_n or_o against_o the_o fundamental_a law_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v that_o since_o we_o see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o hugh_n the_o iv_o that_o female_n be_v exclude_v from_o that_o succession_n we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o john_n do_v not_o succeed_v by_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n but_o as_o king_n receive_v a_o apanage_n devolve_v unto_o he_o the_o three_o reason_n be_v that_o king_n john_n be_v not_o the_o next_o heir_n in_o blood_n for_o by_o proximity_n of_o blood_n the_o child_n of_o the_o elder_a daughter_n which_o be_v margaret_n wife_n to_o king_n lewis_n hutin_n shall_v have_v succeed_v not_o king_n john_n who_o be_v son_n to_o the_o second_o now_o that_o succession_n fall_v when_o that_o wicked_a man_n charles_n king_n of_o navarra_n grandchild_n to_o that_o margaret_n be_v in_o his_o strength_n who_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o life_n in_o that_o title_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v set_v it_o up_o for_o burgundy_n be_v better_a than_o all_o his_o navarra_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o yet_o that_o stir_a man_n do_v not_o stir_v that_o point_n or_o it_o be_v so_o slight_o that_o he_o leave_v off_o present_o but_o hot_o pursue_v a_o recompense_n for_o the_o county_n of_o champagne_n and_o brie_n which_o by_o right_n belong_v to_o his_o mother_n jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n hutin_n son_n to_o jane_n countess_n of_o champagne_n and_o brie_n queen_n of_o navarra_n wife_n to_o philip_n le_fw-fr bel._n by_o all_o this_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n be_v settle_v upon_o philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n his_o son_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o true_a masculine_a apanage_n paragraphe_n iu._n of_o the_o town_n of_o metz_n thoul_n and_o verdun_n by_o the_o partage_n so_o famous_a among_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a a_o 843._o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o that_o be_v beyond_o the_o river_n mosa_n towards_o germany_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o that_o which_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o that_o these_o three_o town_n remain_v imperial_a but_o mosa_n be_v the_o bind_v of_o these_o two_o state_n the_o empire_n and_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o a_o infinity_n of_o war_n usurpation_n and_o treaty_n that_o bind_v and_o other_o limit_n between_o the_o two_o state_n be_v often_o change_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o weakness_n and_o declination_n of_o the_o house_n of_o charlemain_n most_o part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o lordship_n of_o the_o empire_n do_v canton_n themselves_o and_o make_v themselves_o particular_a dominion_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o some_o remain_v free_a other_o be_v subject_v to_o especial_a lord_n some_o lay_v some_o ecclesiastical_a all_o these_o make_v up_o now_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o that_o nature_n be_v these_o three_o town_n metz_n thoul_n and_o verdun_n upon_o which_o the_o french_a king_n pretend_v no_o right_a till_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o ii_o an._n 1550._o the_o protestant_n of_o germany_n call_v henry_n the_o ii_o to_o their_o help_n against_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o v._o henry_n send_v they_o great_a auxiliary_a force_n by_o ann_n de_fw-fr montmorency_n constable_n of_o france_n who_o in_o his_o way_n seize_v upon_o thoul_n and_o verdun_n &_o put_v garrison_n into_o they_o to_o assure_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o french_a force_n into_o germany_n the_o government_n of_o thoul_n be_v give_v to_o monsieur_n d'esclavole_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o company_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n and_o charles_n cardinal_n of_o lorraine_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o lordship_n annex_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o verdun_n the_o king_n retain_v the_o sovereignty_n for_o himself_o which_o he_o think_v he_o can_v lawful_o do_v because_o the_o lord_n of_o it_o be_v his_o subject_n and_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o france_n and_o because_o the_o emperor_n be_v his_o declare_a enemy_n who_o estate_n he_o may_v invade_v in_o the_o same_o expedition_n the_o constable_n seize_v on_o the_o city_n of_o metz_n which_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o v._o besiege_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1551._o but_o in_o vain_a since_o which_o time_n the_o french_a have_v enjoy_v these_o three_o city_n yet_o find_v their_o right_n somewhat_o weak_a they_o use_v it_o at_o the_o first_o with_o great_a moderation_n call_v themselves_o only_a guardian_n and_o protector_n of_o the_o same_o till_o lewis_n the_o xiii_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v altogether_o incorporate_v with_o france_n and_o in_o they_o have_v establish_v a_o sovereign_a court_n of_o parliament_n indeed_o these_o three_o town_n have_v of_o long_a continuance_n be_v imperial_a and_o be_v get_v by_o subtlety_n upon_o pretence_n of_o the_o surety_n of_o the_o passage_n the_o right_a of_o the_o french_a king_n in_o they_o shall_v be_v much_o more_o disputable_a then_o in_o many_o other_o place_n as_o themselves_o have_v confess_v in_o many_o of_o their_o instruction_n for_o the_o general_a treaty_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o french_a that_o henry_n the_o ii_o take_v they_o as_o his_o enemy_n estate_n when_o he_o make_v war_n against_o the_o emperor_n that_o the_o emperor_n never_o make_v since_o any_o stipulation_n for_o the_o restitution_n of_o they_o in_o any_o treaty_n that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o empire_n on_o this_o side_n of_o rhine_n be_v so_o vanish_v and_o lose_v that_o the_o country_n seem_v now_o to_o be_v primum_fw-la occupanti_fw-la that_o holland_n also_o lorraine_n switzerland_n savoy_n french_fw-mi county_n daulphinée_n provence_n be_v imperial_a land_n and_o yet_o all_o these_o be_v slip_v from_o the_o empire_n by_o a_o prescription_n ground_v upon_o the_o weakness_n and_o neglect_n of_o the_o old_a sovereign_n also_o that_o the_o french_a king_n at_o the_o first_o declare_v themselves_o only_a protector_n and_o guardian_n of_o these_o town_n which_o if_o afterward_o they_o have_v incorporate_v to_o their_o state_n it_o be_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n see_v themselves_o desert_v and_o neglect_v by_o the_o empire_n final_o in_o that_o point_n the_o french_a think_v they_o may_v use_v the_o right_n of_o represal_n and_o that_o if_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n shall_v do_v they_o right_o about_o all_o their_o pretence_n there_o will_v be_v some_o reason_n why_o the_o emperor_n shall_v be_v content_v about_o these_o to_n paragraphe_n v._o of_o the_o town_n on_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n and_o other_o contain_v in_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o the_o last_o house_n of_o burgundy_n be_v philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n john_n philip_n le_fw-fr bon_fw-fr and_o charles_n john_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n a_o 1404._o cause_v great_a trouble_n in_o the_o state_n of_o france_n and_o cause_v his_o cousin_n german_n lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n to_o be_v slay_v an_z 1407._o whence_o spring_v those_o great_a division_n and_o war_n between_o those_o two_o house_n of_o which_o the_o history_n be_v full_a that_o john_n be_v slay_v at_o montereau_n foult-ronne_a by_o the_o command_n of_o charles_n the_o dolphin_n a_o 1419._o his_o son_n philip_n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr pursue_v with_o great_a power_n and_o eagerness_n the_o vengeance_n of_o that_o death_n make_v league_n with_o the_o english_a and_o distress_a very_o much_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n in_o the_o end_n see_v himself_o ill_o use_v by_o the_o english_a he_o grow_v weary_a of_o their_o
alliance_n and_o ashamed_a of_o the_o harm_n which_o he_o have_v do_v to_o his_o country_n be_v then_o content_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o king_n he_o meet_v with_o he_o at_o arras_n an._n 1435._o this_o be_v call_v the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n a_o fundamental_a piece_n of_o the_o history_n of_o that_o age_n and_o the_o follow_v by_o that_o treaty_n after_o that_o king_n charles_n the_o vii_o in_o as_o little_a dishonourable_a term_n as_o may_v be_v have_v ask_v pardon_n for_o the_o kill_n of_o duke_n john_n when_o he_o be_v dolphin_n they_o agree_v about_o many_o other_o article_n and_o the_o king_n give_v many_o piece_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o chief_a be_v these_o 1._o he_o transport_v to_o the_o duke_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n lawful_o beget_v the_o town_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o peronne_n roye_n mondidier_n to_o hold_v they_o by_o homage_n from_o the_o crown_n and_o in_o title_n of_o peerdom_n to_o depend_v of_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n of_o paris_n 2._o the_o county_n of_o artois_n be_v restore_v unto_o he_o on_o the_o same_o title_n with_o all_o the_o imposition_n amount_v to_o fourteeen_n thousand_o liver_n per_fw-la a_o but_o of_o the_o right_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o county_n of_o artois_n we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o 3._o he_o transport_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n the_o town_n of_o saint_n quintin_n corbi_n amiens_n abbeville_n dourlans_n saint_n riquier_n crevecoeur_n and_o all_o the_o other_o town_n castle_n and_o lordship_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n on_o both_o side_n together_o with_o the_o county_n of_o ponthien_n and_o other_o land_n adjacent_a to_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o land_n of_o the_o empire_n all_o these_o town_n castle_n and_o lordship_n redeemable_a with_o the_o sum_n of_o 400000_o crown_n upon_o that_o treaty_n all_o these_o town_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o all_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o vii_o nothing_o be_v alter_v in_o this_o agreement_n lewis_n the_o xi_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n an._n 1461._o who_o being_n unthankful_a and_o malicious_a although_o he_o have_v great_a obligation_n to_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n yet_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n he_o conceive_v a_o great_a aversion_n against_o charles_n count_n of_o charolois_n son_n and_o heir_n to_o philip_n le_fw-fr bon_fw-fr and_o will_v recover_v all_o those_o pawn_a lordship_n argue_v the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n of_o nullity_n and_o invalidity_n maintain_v that_o his_o father_n can_v not_o alienate_v so_o many_o piece_n belong_v to_o the_o state_n against_o the_o fundamental_a law_n to_o disengage_v these_o land_n he_o lay_v great_a imposition_n upon_o the_o people_n till_o he_o have_v raise_v the_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v bring_v to_o abbeville_n and_o deliver_v unto_o the_o duke_n who_o soon_o after_o deliver_v all_o those_o place_n unto_o he_o charles_n count_n of_o charolois_n take_v that_o so_o heavy_o that_o he_o almost_o die_v for_o sorrow_n and_o conceive_v a_o mortal_a hatred_n against_o the_o lord_n of_o crovi_n who_o he_o accuse_v to_o have_v advise_v his_o father_n to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o public_a good_a which_o have_v be_v carry_v with_o various_a success_n till_o the_o treaty_n of_o conflans_fw-la near_o paris_n 1465_o the_o four_o article_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v give_v again_o to_o the_o count_n of_o charolois_n all_o the_o town_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n late_o redeem_v with_o 400000._o crown_n to_o enjoy_v they_o all_o his_o life_n time_n and_o beside_o that_o shall_v give_v he_o the_o county_n of_o guines_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o this_o charles_n who_o be_v since_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n enjoy_v these_o land_n though_o not_o without_o war_n and_o division_n against_o lewis_n the_o xi_o final_o charles_n be_v dead_a before_o nancy_n an._n 1477._o lewis_n the_o xi_o do_v sudden_o invade_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n as_o a_o masculine_a apanage_n return_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o town_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n which_o the_o french_a have_v keep_v ever_o since_o neither_o can_v the_o house_n of_o austria_n pretend_v any_o just_a right_n to_o they_o as_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n both_o because_o charles_n the_o vii_o have_v not_o power_n to_o alienate_v these_o part_n of_o his_o state_n as_o his_o son_n lewis_n the_o xi_o allege_a and_o because_o all_o these_o town_n have_v be_v alienate_v upon_o condition_n of_o redemption_n with_o a_o certain_a sum_n which_o be_v pay_v by_o lewis_n the_o xi_o unto_o the_o duke_n philip._n and_o if_o they_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o count_n of_o charolois_n it_o be_v for_o his_o life_n only_o wherefore_o lewis_n do_v not_o seize_v upon_o they_o but_o after_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n at_o which_o time_n also_o he_o take_v arras_n of_o which_o we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o paragraphe_n vi_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o britain_n the_o right_a of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o britain_n have_v more_o ground_n than_o any_o of_o the_o former_a and_o give_v matter_n to_o many_o dispute_n especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n philip_n the_o ii_o represent_v the_o right_n of_o his_o daughter_n isabel_n both_o to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o especial_o to_o that_o duchy_n and_o when_o the_o duke_n of_o mercoeur_n who_o have_v canton_v himself_o in_o it_o find_v himself_o too_o weak_a to_o maintain_v his_o own_o pretence_n to_o it_o which_o be_v upon_o another_o ground_n threaten_v to_o give_v entrance_n to_o the_o spaniard_n into_o the_o duchy_n la_fw-fr guesle_n the_o king_n attorney_n general_n make_v a_o long_a speech_n to_o defend_v the_o king_n right_a of_o which_o the_o summary_n be_v this_o 1._o that_o francis_n the_o ii_o the_o last_o duke_n of_o britain_n die_v an._n 1488._o leave_v two_o daughter_n anna_n and_o isabel_n the_o second_o die_v young_a the_o elder_a anne_n have_v the_o whole_a succession_n and_o be_v marry_v first_o to_o charles_n the_o viii_o of_o france_n by_o who_o though_o she_o have_v many_o child_n none_o outlive_v the_o father_n who_o be_v dead_a she_o be_v marry_v with_o his_o successor_n lewis_n the_o xii_o by_o who_o she_o have_v two_o daughter_n claude_n marry_v to_o francis_n the_o i._o who_o by_o she_o have_v henry_n the_o two_o who_o be_v father_n to_o three_o king_n francis_n the_o ii_o charles_n the_o ix_o henry_n the_o iii_o and_o to_o francis_n duke_n of_o alencon_n all_o which_o leave_v no_o issue_n he_o be_v father_n also_o of_o elizabeth_n the_o three_o wife_n of_o philip_n the_o ii_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o by_o she_o have_v the_o infanta_n isabel_n wife_n to_o archiduke_n albert_n and_o princess_n of_o the_o low-countries_n die_v an._n 1633_o and_o catherine_n duchess_n of_o savoy_n 2._o by_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o iii_o all_o the_o masculine_a race_n of_o valois_n be_v extinct_a and_o the_o next_o heir_n of_o that_o house_n be_v infanta_n isabel_n daughter_z to_z elizabeth_z the_o elder_a sister_n of_o henry_n the_o iii_o so_o if_o there_o be_v any_o estate_n in_o that_o house_n inheritable_a by_o woman_n it_o belong_v to_o isabel_n without_o question_n philip_n the_o two_o deal_v for_o his_o daughter_n after_o he_o be_v once_o satisfy_v that_o his_o pretence_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n in_o her_o behalf_n be_v ridiculous_a ask_v that_o at_o least_o the_o duchy_n of_o britain_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o she_o as_o the_o estate_n which_o her_o great_a grandmother_n anne_n of_o britain_n have_v bring_v to_o lewis_n the_o xii_o a_o estate_n which_o often_o have_v pass_v to_o female_n say_v as_o it_o be_v true_a that_o she_o be_v the_o next_o in_o blood_n to_o these_o allegation_n these_o answer_n be_v give_v 1._o that_o the_o duchy_n of_o britain_n have_v be_v inserapable_o unite_v with_o the_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o come_n of_o henry_n the_o ii_o to_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o be_v a_o fundamental_a rule_n among_o the_o french_a that_o a_o king_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n unit_v unto_o the_o same_o all_o his_o estate_n both_o paternal_a and_o maternal_a 2._o beside_o that_o tacit_n and_o municipal_a right_n to_o which_o all_o contrary_a pretence_n must_v yield_v there_o be_v a_o express_a union_n make_v an._n 1532._o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o state_n general_n of_o britain_n by_o francis_n the_o i._o upon_o condition_n that_o the_o dolphin_n shall_v take_v the_o title_n of_o dolphin_n of_o viennois_n duke_n of_o britain_n which_o be_v then_o practise_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o dolphin_n francis_n but_o be_v since_o neglect_v that_o authentical_a union_n of_o britain_n with_o the_o crown_n can_v