into hys kyngdome Mardonius is vanquished in Beotia Them istocles hath the pro rogatiue for his prowesse Athens is buylded agayn the Lacedemo nians make warre vppon the Persians Pausanias is condemned of treason Xerxes proclaymeth open warre agayn agaynst Grece he is ouercomme by Cymo duke of Athenes bothe on sea and land and returneth into his kyngdome The conteyntes of the thyrd Boke XErxes and his sonnes are slayne by the treason of Artabanus Artaxâ—…xes reuengeth the death of his father The Lacedemonians and Thatheniens fall at varians Lycurgus maketh lawes willyngly vannisheth hymself the Lacedemonians make warre vppon the Messeniens the Partheniens place themselfs at Tarent in Italy Messene rebelleth and is subdued warre is renued betwene the Lacedemonians and Thatheniens the Lacedemonians breake the truce the notable demeanor of Pericles truce is taken agayn and broken by the Lacedemonians The conteyntes of the fowerth Boke THe description of Sycill with the wonders therof â—…olus taketh vppon him the crowne of the same after whome euery eytie hath his Tyrrant among whome Anaxilaus contendeth agaynst thothers crueltie with Iustice and Equitie The men of Rhegium are cruelly dispossessed of their Cytie by their con â—…ederates The Cathanenses and Syracusans fall at debate the Athentens ayde the Catanenses truce is taken broken by the Syracusans Ahatheniens succor the Catanenses agayne 〈◊〉 rescoweth Syracuse vanquisheth the Atheniens bothe by sea and by lande and vtterlie destroyeth bothe their men and shyppes The contyentes of the fyft Boke ALâ—…ibiades willyngly bannisheth himself and compelleth the kyng of Lacedemon to warre vpon ThathenieÌ„s the which Darius kyng of Persia furthereth also 〈◊〉 causeth the cyties oâ—… Asia to reuolte from Thathentens the Lacede monians lye in wayt to kyll him he escapeth by the admonition of the wyfe of kyng Agis and flyeth to 〈◊〉 kyng Darius lyeuetenaunt in Lydia whome he withdraweth from the Lacedemonians the Ambassadors of Athens come vnto him he is reuoked into his countrie and made admirall he ouercommeth the Lacedemonians and is ioyfully receyued of his Cytizens he receyueth a losse by ouâ—…rsyght and bannisheth himself agayn 〈◊〉 are brought to vtter distresse Conon their Captayn flyeth to Cyprus the cytie is yelded vp to the Lacedemonians thyrty Tyrants haue the gouernaunce therof Darius kynge of Persia dyeth Dionyse the yonger is expulsed oute of Sycill Alâ—…biades is burned in hys lodgyng 〈◊〉 expulseth the xxx 〈◊〉 tenne others are placâ—…d in their stead â–ª Pauianias kyng of Lacedeuion commaun deth them out of the cytie and gyueth peace to the Atheniens the Tyraunâ—…s makyng warre agaynste Athenes are taken and put to death Artaxerxes sucâ—…edeth hys father Darius in y â— Persian kingdome Cyrus rebelieth agaynst his brothâ—…r Aâ—…xerxes and is slain the Grekâ—… that came to his ayde returne into their countrye vnvanquished The contentes of the syxte Booke THe Lacedemonians couet Th empyre of Asia â—…nes is displaced of his office of Lieuetenauntship Conon of Athenes is made Admyrall of the Persian flete the Lacedemonians send for ayde into Egypte 〈◊〉 is sent agaynst Conon Conon ouercommeth Lysander vppon the sea Athens is set at lybertie agayn Epamynondas ouercommeth the â—…a cedemonians and sleath Lysander Agesyiaus wresteth the victory from the Thebanes the Atheniens sende Iphicrates with an host to chayd of the Thebans y e Lacedemonians are broght to 〈◊〉 dispayre Conon is receyued with great ioye of his cytizens Athenes is repayred Aâ—…axerxes proclaymeth a generall peace through all Grece and setteth all the cyties at lybertie he maketh warre against Egypt Rome is taken by the Frenchmen warre ryseth betwene the Lacedemonians and Arcadians and is ceased of their owne accord Epamynondas Duke of Thebes inuaded Lacedemon and is repulsed by the olde menne Agesylaus encountereth with hym Epaminondas is slayne with whome the prowesse of the Grekes decayeth The conteintes of the seuenth Boke HE entreateth of 〈◊〉 and of the kynges thereof â—…ranus followyng a herd of goates wynneth the cyâ—…ie Edyssa he turneth the name therof maketh it the head of Macedone and subdueth diuers kyngs after him 〈◊〉 Perdicas and prophecieth of his posteritie Argeus taketh his place and 〈◊〉 the crown to his son Europâ—… the Macedones ouercome the Illyrians 〈◊〉 succedeth whose son Alexander kylleth the Persian Ambassadors sent by Darius of whome mencion is made in the fyrst and seconde bokes Bubares marryeth Alexanders syster Amynthas succedeth Alexander the mother kylleth her owne children Philyp is brought vp at Thebes and afterward he is crowned kyng he vanquisheth his borderâ—…rs conquereth the â—…ens maryeth Olympias the mother of great Alexander winneth Methone The contentes of the eyght Boke THe Lacedemonians Phocenses are condemned in a great sum of mony the Phocenses robbe the Temple of Delphos Philip is chosen Captayn generall agaynste them and vanquisheth them the which beyng doone he spoyleth the Thebanes whome he came to defend he stealeth the kyngdome of Cappadocia destroeth Olynthe in Thrace inâ—…th the goldmynes in Chessaâ—… the syluet â—…es in Thrace spoyleth the two kyngs of Thrace of their kyngdome maketh peace with Chateâ—…ens geueth sâ—…le aunswers to Chaâ—… of Grece breaketh premis with the Phocenses remoueth whole nacions and Cyties from countrie to countrie sâ—…th the Dardamerans dâ—…seth Arymba kyng of Eâ—…yre geuyng the kyngdo me to Alexander the brother of his 〈◊〉 Olympsas The contentes of the nynethe Boke PHâ—… besiegeth Constantinople duryng the which he wiâ—… neth many cyties â—…f Chersonesus feighteth vnprosperously agaynst the Tryballes he maketh warre to the â—…niens wynneth the Soueranity of Grece executeth strâ—…ghte Iustice vppon the Thebanes somoneth a Parlament at Cormthe prepateth for warre astaynst the Persians is sâ—…ayne by Pausâ—…ras at his daughters maâ—…ge The description of his nature and condicions with a comparison betwene him and his sonne Alexander The contentes of the tenthe Boke THe natural affection of Artaxerxes Mnemon toward his sonne Darius his treason against his father y â— punishmeÌ„t of Darius his fyfty brothers the cruelty of Ochus the prowesse of Codoman for the which he is created kyng by the name of Daius The conteyntes of the eleuenth Boke THe disquietnesse of the Macedones after the death of Phylype the whiche Alexander appeaseth Alexander putteth his kynsfelke to death suppressed rebellioÌ„s goeth forward with the warres that his father purposed againste the Persians â–ª pardoneth the Atheniens 〈◊〉 Thebes entereth into Asia vanâ—… 〈◊〉 ouercommeth diuers of his Lieuetenantes goeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cytie 〈◊〉 and vntyeth the knot of the wayne a digression to thaâ—…yres and the kynges of Phrygia Alexander maketh haste to Châ—…us in Cilicia is reâ—…ered of a daungerous disease ouercommeth Darius agayne taketh the mother wyfe and daughters of Darius prysoners maryeth one of his prisoners called Barsiue sendeth Parmenio to inuade the â—…ersian flete and other of his noble 〈◊〉 to receyue the Cyties of Asia maketh abdolominus a kyng of a Gardiner winneth the 〈◊〉 Cyrus perforce goeth to
to receiue and kepe men that came out of other countreyes before that garmentes were inuented to defende the bodye from heate or colde or that the faultes of the places were eased with remedies founde out by cunnynge and practise Egypte was alwayes so temperate that neyther the could in the wynther nor the heate of the sonne in the sommer greued the inhabitauntes therof the soyle of the ground so fruiteful that there is no lande vnder the sonne that bringeth mo thynges necessary and meete for mannes vse And that therefore of ryght men ought to be bred fyrste there where with moste ease they myght be best brought vp On thother side the Scithians denyed that the temperatenesse of the ayre made any thing to the proofe of antiquity forasmuche as nature as soone as it had geuen to eche countrey of heate or colde as much as seemed good forthewith also engendred liuing creatures able to endure in those places and thereunto sundrye sortes of trees and fruites in theyr kyndes accordyng as the estate of the countrey required And looke howe much the weather was harder in Scithia then in Egypt so much were the Scithians harder of body and of nature than the Egiptians But if the world which is nowe deuided in partes were sometyme al one whether water at the first beginning ouerwhelmed all the earthe or els fyre possessed all thynges whereof also the worlde it selfe was made the Scithians in both of theym must nedes be the auncienter For if fyre fyrst possessed all the whyche by litle and litle beyng quenched gaue place to the earthe no parte was sooner separated from the fyre by the coldenesse of the winter then the North insomuch that at thys presente daye there is no parte that feeleth more excessine colde where as Egipt and all the East wer a longer season ere they coulde come to anye temperatnesse whyche well appeareth by theÌ„ euen yet in that the vnmeasurable heate of the sonne skorcheth them at this day But yf so be it that all the worlde were sometime drowned with the sea vndoubted it must nedes folow that the higher that any place is the sooner it must be discouered forasmuche as the waters withdrawe theymselues from thence into the lower groundes and there remaine a great while And the soner that any place was dryed vp the sonner it began to engender liuing creatures Furthermore Scithia is so much bigger than al other countreyes that al the riuers that spryng there do fall into the sea Maeotis and from thence into the sea of Pontus and so into the Aegiptian sea But as for Aegipte it selfe which beinge by the costes and charges of so many kynges so manye hundred yeares with so huge and stronge dammes and bankes agaynste the vyolence of the waters renning thereinto strengthened and fortifyed cut and deuided with so many diches and trenches to th entent that the waters beyng in the one receyued might by the other be kept of from going any further could nathe rather be inhabited except the riuer Nilus were excluded can not seeme to be auncienter than all other countreyes but rather what for the great costes that the kynges haue bestowed therupon and what for the gret heapes of mudde that the riuer Nilus leaues behynde hym may seme the last inhabited of all countreyes The EgiptiaÌ„s beyng vanquished by these argumentes y â— Scithians were euer counted most auÌ„cient Scithia stretcheth into the East and is enclosed on th one side with Pontus on thother sid with the mountains Rhiphael on the backe with Asia and the riuer Tanais it is very long and very wyde The people of that countrey haue no boundes betwene man and man For they occupy no tillage neyther haue they anye house or home to resorte to or any certayne dwellyng place As they feede and graze theyr catell wanderyng through the desertes and wylde forestes they carrye theyr wyues and children with them in wagons and chariotes couered wyth hides to kepe out the wynde and weather the which they occupye instede of houses They vse 〈◊〉 and equyte of a naturall â—…ysposycyon and not for feare of anye lawe No offence is counted so heynous among theym as stealynge For consyderynge they haue no houses nor anye place of safegarde and that all theyr ryches consisteth in cattell what shoulde they haue in safetye if it were lawefull for them to steale Golde and syluer they do asmuch despyse as other nacions do couet and desyre it They lyne by Milke and Honny they know not what to dâ—… with woll nor howe to make them selues garmentes therof And although they be vexed wit continuall colde yet haue they nothyng to clothe them selues with but the skynnes of wilde beastes and of myce This temperance causeth them to be so vpryght in theyr lyuing and is an occasion that they couet not other mens goodes For where as ryches be there also is couetousnesse I woulde to God that all other men could vfe the lyke temperance and abstinent froÌ„ other mens goodes Certes then shoulde there not bee so much warre and manslaughter of so longe continuaunce as there is in all landes Neyther shoulde there dye moe of the sworde than of naturall destynye It ys a wonderfull thyng that they shoulde haue that thing gâ—…uen them of nature which the Grekes by thenstructions of their wise meÌ„ and the preceptes of their Philosophers so longe time together conld neuer attayne vnto and that the fyne ciuile maners of the Grekes should be to no pupose at all in comparison of the rude and barbarous Scithians So much more profited in these the ignoraunce of vice than in the other the knowledge of vertue Thryse the Scithians gat the em pire of Asye they them selues remayning all the while eyther vntouched or at the least vnsubdewed of any for reyne power Thei put Darius king of Persia to shameful flight and draue him out of theyr countrey The slewe Cyrus and all his armye After the same forte they vtterlye destroyed zopyron one of great Alexaunders chiefetaynes with al his hoste As for the warres of the Romaynes they hearde of them but they neuer felt them Within a whyle they founded thempires of the Parthians Bactrians people geuen to endure labour and â—…out men of warre of strength of bo dye wonderfull desiring not to win the thiug they thought they could not kepe and in their conquestes seking nothing but honour The first y â— euer offred warre vnto the Scithians was Uexores king of Egipt who sent his ambassadors before to offer them peace condicionally that thay woulde become his bassalles and liege meÌ„ But the ScithtaÌ„s being aduertised before by their neighboures of the kynges commyng aunswered the ambassadours in this wise We can not but maruayle that the ruler of so welthy a people wyll so foolishely moue warre agaynst beggars whyche thynge was rather to haue bene mistrusted on his parte consideringe that the ende of warre is
doubtfull and no rewarde though he wanne the victory but apparant losse if he were ouercome Wherfore let him not thinke that the ScythiaÌ„s will wayte for his comming hyther seyng there is in their enemye so much worthe the fetchinge and goynge for but they will with all their hartes go and mete him As they had sayde so did they in dede When the king vnderstoode that they made towardes him with suche spede he fled for feare and leauing behynde him his hoste and all hys furniture for the warres he fearefullye retyred into his kyngedome The Scithians coulde not pursue him into Egipt because of the fennes As they retourned from thence they conquered al Asia and put them to a litle tribute rather in token of their conquest than in reward of their victorye Fyftene yeares they taryed in pacifieng and setting a staye in the countreye From whence they were called home by the importunat requestes of their wiues whiche sent them worde that if they hyed theym â—…ot home the sooner they would lye with their 〈◊〉 to haue fruite by them and not suffer the 〈◊〉 of the Scithâ—…s to decay throughe their default Thus was Asia tributary to them by y â— space of 1500 yeres Ninus kyng of Thassirians made an end of paying thys trybute But in the meane tyme amonge the Scithians tâ—…o yong gentlemen of the bloud royall named Plinos and Scolopythus being through debate among the noble meâ—… driuen out of their couÌ„trey led with theÌ„ a great noumber of youth and setled them selues in the borders of Cappadocia about the riuer Thermodoon and kept al the fieldes about the citie Themiscira There many yeares together being wont to robbe their neyghboures at the last the people prfuily conspired together and sette vpon theym vnwares and by a trayne slewe them eueryechone The wiues of these men perceyuing that besides their banyshement they were also made widowes armed theym selues and defended theyr borders first by standing in their owne defence and afterward by making warre vnto others Moreouer they had no mind to marry any more with their neyghbours calling it a bondage and not maryage A singular example for all ages to looke vpon They encreased theyr common wealth withoute men and defended theym selues euen in despyght of men And to thentente some of them should not thinke them selues in better case then the rest they killed their husbands that were left aliue at home Furthermore in reuengement of the deathes of their husbandes they destroyed theyr neyghbours also Thâ—…n hauing by warre gotten peace and tranquilitie they sente for theyr neyghbours and companied with them If any male children werâ—… borne they were killed The women chyldren were brought vp not in ydlenesse â–ª nor to spinning and carding but in feates of armes ridinge of horses and huntinge as the custome is to bringe vp men And forbycausâ—… theyr shooting and throwing of dartes should not be hindered theyr righte pappes were seared of while they were children whereupon they were named Bamazons They had two queenes the one called Marthâ—… the other Lampedo the which deuiding their hoste in two partes and growinge to great welth and richesse made warre by turnes the one cir cumspectely defending the countrey at home while the other made warre abrode as theyr turnes came about And oâ—… th entent to be the more renowmed in all their enterprises affaires they proclaymed theym selues the doughters of Mars Wherfore hauing conquered the greater parte oâ—… Europe they subdewed also manye cities of Asia Where hauing builded Ephesus and diuers other cities parte of theyr armie being sent home with a great bootye the rest whych taried styll to defend thempyreof Asia were by a sodaynâ—… â—…ssault of the barbarous people with their queene Marthesia all slayne In whose roome secceded in th empyre her daughter Orithia Who besydes her singular actiuitie in feates of warre was as a myrrour to all women for preseruyng of her maydenhed â–ª and virginitye while she lyued Through the prowesse of her the honour and renowne of the Amazones was so greatly auaunced that the kyng for whose pleasure Hercules atchieued xii daungerous aduentures commaunded him as a thing impossible to fetch him the armour of the Queene of Amazonie Hercules therfore accompanyed with many of the yong lordes and noble meÌ„ of Greece arriuing with nyne galleyes assayled them vnwares At the same tyme the kyngdome of Thamazones was gouerned by two of the foure systers atiope and Orithia Of the whiche Orithia was makyng warre in forreyne countreyes by reason whereof there was but a slender company about the queene Antyope when Hercules arryued at the shore of Amazonye bycause there was no suche thyng mistrusted nor any enemye thought vpon Wherefore it came to passe that those fewe beyng raysed with the sodayne alarme armed theym selues and gaue theyr enemies an easie victorie For many wer slayne and many taken amonge whom were two of Antiopes sisters Mâ—…alyppe taken by Hercules Hippolite by Theseus Theseus maried his prisoner of whom he begate Hippolitus But Hercules after the victory restored Menalâ—…ppe to her sister and for her raunsome tooke the queenes armoure And so hauyng accomplyshed his charge retourned to the kyng Orithia hauyng knowledge that warre was made agaynst her systers and that the prynce of Athens had ledde awaye one of them perforce exhorteth her companye to bee reuenged affirmyng that all their conquestes in Poâ—…us and Asia were to no purpose if they should take suche a foyle at the handes of the Greekes as to suffer not so muche the warres as the rauishementes of Thatheniens And thereupon she sent for succour vnto Sagillus kyng oâ—… Scithia Alledging that she her people wer by discent Scithians borne declaringe furthermore the losse of their husbandes whereby they were constrayned to take armoure vpoÌ„ them and what was the cause of the warres whyche they nowe tooke in hande sayeng that through theyr prowesse they had brought to passe that the Scithians myghte seme to haue as valiaunt women as men The kyng beyng moued with the honour of his house sente to her ayde hys sonne Penaxagoras with a greatbande of horsemen But before the battell beyng by meanes of dissention sodaynly fallen betwene them forsaken of their succoures and so lefte destitute of thelpe and ayde of them the Atheniens put them to the worser Neuerthelesse the campe of the Scythians was a refuge vnto theym â—…y whose helpe they retourned into their countrey vntouched of other nacions After Orithia Penthesilea obtayned the soueraynetye Who lefte behynde her a noble remembraunce of her worthie actes in that famous assemble of valiaunt men in the defence of the Troianes against the Greekes Finally Penthesilea beyng slayne and her armye wasted those sewe that remayned with muche a doe scarcely defendyng them selues agaynste theyr neyghbours continued vnto the tyme of great Alexander Whose Queene Minothea otherwyse called Thalestris after she had obteined the
company of Alexander by the space of xiiii dayes to thentente to haue yssue by hym retourned into her kyngdome and within a whole after de ceased with whom the name of the Amazones vtterly decayed The Scithians in their thyrd viage into Asia when they had bene a seuen yeares from their wy◅es and chyldren were welcomed home with warre by theyr owne seruauntes For theyr wyues beyng weryed wyth longe tarieng for theyr husbandes supposynge that they were not so long deteyned with warres but rather all slayne maryed themselues to theyr slaues whom theyr maysters had lefte ◅t home to looke to their cattell The whyche hearynge o◅ their masters returne with conquest met them in order of battell well appoynted and harnessed to kepe them out of their country as if they had bene straungers The Scithians perceiuing that by battell they lost as much as they won aduised them selues to vse another kinde of fight remembring that they hadde not to doo with their ennemies but with their slaues who ought to be ouercom not by the law of armes but by the law of masters against whom it was more mete to bring whippes into the field then weapons and laying a side swordes euery man to furnishe him selfe with rods and whips and suche other kind of stuffe wher of slaues and bondmen are wont to be afraid This counsell was well alowed and therfore euery man being furnished as was before appoynted whē they aproched to their enemies sodenly they shoke their whippes at them wherwith they so amased them that whome they coulde not ouercome by battell they ouercame with fear of beating made them run away not like enemies ouercome by battell but like runnagate slaues As many of them as were taken were hanged vp The women also that knew them selues gilty of the matter partly by wepon partly by hanging wilfully dispatched them selues After this the Scithians liued in peace vntill the time of Lanthine their kinge to whome Darius king of Persie as is before mentioned because he woulde not geue him his Daughter in mariage made warre and with seuen hundred thousand men in armor entring into Scithia when he saw his enemies would not come and geue him battel fearing that if the bridge ouer the riuer of Danow shuld chaunce to be broken he shuld be enclosed From retourning home againe fearfully retired ouer the water with the los of four skore and x. M. mē The which neuerthelesse was counted as no losse for the exceding great nombre of mē that he had in his host Afterward he conquered Asia and Macedonie and vanquished the Iomans vpon the sea Finally vnderstanding that the Atheniens had aided the Ionians against him he tourned the whole brunt of the warre vpon them Now forasmuche as we be come to the warres of the Atheniens whiche were done in such wise not only as a mā could not well haue hoped for But also farre otherwise then a man wold almost beleue them to haue bene done And forasmuche as the dedes of the Atheniens were greater in effecte then coulde haue beene wished before they came to passe I thincke it conuenient to speake sōwhat euen of their originall beginning because they did not encrease from a base and vile be ginning to the highest estate that could be like as al other nations haue done For they alone may make their vaūt as wel of their verye first beginninge as of their good successe and increasement For it was not straungers nor a sort of raskals gathered here there together that foūded that city but they were bred in the same soyle where they inhabite and the place of their dwellinge is the place of their beginning They first taught the vse of Woll Oyle and wine And wheras men in times paste were wonte to liue by eating of Acorns they taught how to plow y ◠groūd and to sow corn And certenly as for lerning eloquens and all ciuill pollicy and order of gouernaunce may worthelye take Athens for their Temple Before the time of Dencalion they had a king called Cecrops who according to the re port of all the auncient fables hadde two faces because he fyrst ioyned man and woman together in marriage After him succeded Crands whose daughter Atthis gaue the name vnto the country Next him raigned Amphitrion which first consecrated the City to Minerua and called it by the name of Athens In his time a floud of water drowned the grea ter part of Grece only such eskaped as coulde recouer the tops of the mountaines or elsse such as could get ships and sail vnto Dencalion king of Thessalie Who by reson therof is reported to haue repaired made mankind Afterward by order of succession the kingdō descended to Ericthens vnder whom the sowing of corn was found out at Elensis by Tripto lemus In reward of the whiche deede the nighte sacrifices wer i◅tituted in the honor of Ceres aegeus also the father of Theseus raigned in Athens from whome Medea being diuorsed because her sonne in law Theseus was mangrowne departed to Col◅hos with her sonne medus whom she had by aegeus After aegeus Theseus enioyed the kingdō and next to him his sonne Demophoon which aided the Grekes against the Troyans Ther was betwene thatheniens the Doriēs an old grudge displeasure the which the Dorienses entending to reuenge by battel asked coūsel of the Oracles Answer was made that they shuld haue the vpper hād so they killed not the kinge of Athens When they came into the field great charge was geuen to all the Souldiers in anye wise not to hurt the king At the same time king of Athēs was Cadrus who hauing vnderstāding both of thanswer of Appollo of the charge that was geuen among his ennemies laid a side his robes princely apparell and in a ragged cote with a bundle of vineshreds in his necke entred into his ennemies campe There in a throng that stode about him he was slain by a souldier whom he of pretensed purpose had wounded with a hoke that he had in his hād The Dorienses when they knew it was the kinge that laye there slain departed without any stroke striking By this meanes the Atheniens through the prowesse of their captain yelding him self to death for the safegarde of his countrye were deliuered from warre After Codrus was neuer king more in Athēs the which was attributed to his high renown and remembrans of his name The gouernans of the common welth was appoynted to yerely officers But the Citye at that time had no lawes because that hitherto the commaundement of their kinges was accompted as a law Therfore was chosen one Solon a man of meruailous vprightnesse which should as it were make a new citye by his lawes Who vsed suche an indifferency and bare hym self so euen betwene the people and the Senate where as if he made any thīg for
died in the preparation therof leauinge many sonnes behinde him wherof some were begotten before he was king and other some in the time of his raigne Of the whyche Artobazanes the eldest claimed the Crowne by prerogatiue of hys age alledginge that by order of lawe by order of birthe by order of nature and by custome of all Countryes he oughte to haue it Xerxes replied and sayde that their controuersye was not as concerninge the order of their birthe but as concernyng the nobilitye and worthinesse of theyr byrthe For hee graunted that Artobazanes was in deede the first that was borne vnto Darius but Darius was then a priuate person and that he him selfe was the firste that was borne to Darius being king Wherfore his brothers that were borne durynge the time his father was a subiect might lawfully claime suche priuate inheritaunce as Darius then had but not the kingdom which apperteined to him being the first whome his father begat in his kingdoÌ„ This also made for his purpose in that artobazanes was borne a priuate person not only by the fathers side but also by the mothers side and also 〈◊〉 his graundfathers side by the mother Wherâ—… he himself had a Queene to his mother and he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his father but king and he hadde a kinge 〈◊〉 his grauâ—…father by the mother namelye kinge Cyrus who was not an inheritor but the first founder of that greate Empyre And therfore if theyr father had left them 〈◊〉 like right to the 〈◊〉 yet notwithstande in consideration of his Mother and hys graundfather he oughte to be preferred They putte thys controuersy quietly and gently with a good will to the discretion of their vncle Artapheâ—… as to a housholde iudge who discussing the matter at home preferred Xerxes And this contention betwene them was so brotherly that neither he that had the vpper hand vaunted him self neyther he that was ouercome was sorye for the matter And euen in the chiefest time of all their strife they sente giftes and presentes one to another aud merely banketted together wythout mistrust of treason or deceit and the matter was ended wythout dayes men or without reprochful wordes betwixt them So muche more modestly could brothers in those daies deuide the greatest kingdomes then they can nowe deuide a small inheritaunce Xerxes therefore by the space of fiue yeares together made preparatyon for the warres whiche his father had begon against the Grekes The which thing when Demeratus kinge of the Lacedemonians who at that time beinge banished his Countrye liued in king Xerxes Courte vnderstode being more frendlye to his countrye after his banishment then to the kyng for all his benefites to the entente they shoulde not be oppressed with sodaine warre wrate all thinges in tables of wode to the Magistrates of Sparta and couered the letters ouer with ware least that ether the wryting without a couer might bewray it self or the newe ware disclose hys deuise WheÌ„ they wer finished he toke theÌ„ to a trnsty seruaÌ„t commaunding him to deliuer to the magistrats of the Spartanes When they were brought to Lacedemon the matter hong long in question what it shoulde meane because they saw no wryting again they thought the tables were not sent for nothing the closer the thinge was so muche they iudged it to be of greater importaunce Whiles the menne with sondrye opâ—…nions slacke in the matter the Syster of Lâ—…oindas the kynge founde out the intent and meanynge of the wryter The ware therfore being skraped of it appeared was wrought against them By this time had Xerxes armed seuen hundred thousand of his owne kingdome and hired thre hundred thousand Mercenaries So that it hath not without good cause bene reported that his army dronke the riuers dry and that al Grece was skarse able to receiue his hooste It is also said that he had ten hundred thousand shippes To this huge host wan ted a mete Captaine For if ye haue respect vnto the king ye may praise his riches but not his good guidans or know ledge requisite in a Captain of which there was so greate aboundaunce in his realme that when riuers were not able to finde his huge multitude drinke yet had he treasure more then could be spent He would be sure to be the laste that shoulde come to encounter and the firste that shoulde run away In danger he was fearful out of daunger proud and ful of bosting Finally before he should come to the triall of battell he gloried so much in his owne strength that as if he had beene euen a Lord ouer nature and had beene able to rule it at his pleasure he broughte mountaynes to plaine ground and filled vp the valleis made bridges ouer the sea and cut through the main land to make nerer way for his shippes to passe Whose comming into Grece as it was terrible so his departure was as shameful and dishonorable For when that Leonides kinge of the Sartanes wyth four thousand men had taken the strengthe of Thermopyle Xerxes in disdaine of his small noumber commaunded that none shoulde assaile them but they whose kinsfolke were slain at the battel of Marathon the which while they soughte to reuenge the deathes of their frends wer the beginning of the slaughter that ensued In their places succeded stil mo and mo to the great encrease of their owne slaughter Three daies the Persians fought there to their greate anguish displesure and sorow The fourth daye when it was tolde Leonides that twentye thousande of his ennemies had taken the toppe of the hill then he began to exhort his partakers to depart and to reserue them selues till some better time might come wherin they might do seruice to their country for he hys Spartanes wold staÌ„d to thadueÌ„ture of fortune saying that he set not so much by his life as by his country that the resi due ought to be spared for the defice of Grece wheÌ„ the kin ges plesure was published the rest departed all sauing the Lacedemonians which taried stil with him In the beginning of this war whé counsel was asked of apollo at Delphos answer was geueÌ„ that either the king of thes partanes must be slain or els the city be destroid And therfore wheÌ„ the king Leonides shuld go forth to the war he had so encoraged his souldiers that euery man went with a willing hart to dye with their maister He tooke the straites for this purpose that with his small noÌ„ber he might either win with more honor or die with les domage to the coÌ„moÌ„ welth wherfore when he had dismissed his partakers he exhorted the Spar tanes to remeÌ„ber theÌ„ selues that how so euer they fought they must be slaine warning them to take hede that they gaue no cause to baue it reported of them hereafter that their harts serued them better to tary then to fight saying that it was not for theÌ„ to stand stil til their enemies should enclose
souldiers on suche a courage that taking more thought for their burial theÌ„ for their liues euery manne put aboute his righte arme a bracelet wherin was grauen his owne name and the name of his father to the entent that if they had so ill fortune as to be all slaine in the battel and that by continuaunce of time their bodies shuld rotte oute of fashion by the markes of their bracelets they might be knowen and buried When the kinges sawe the hoste so minded they caused the matter to be showed to their ennemies The Messenians wer therwith nothing abashed but rather made more earnest Therfore they mette with suche courage that there hathe not lightlye a bloudier battell beene harde of Neuerthelesse at the laste the Lacedemonians gotte the vpper hande In processe of time the Messenians made insurrection the third time In the whiche amonge other the Lacedemonians sent for aid to the Atheniens Whom they hauinge in distruste made an excuse that as at that time they shoulde not neade to trouble them and so sâ—…nte them home agayne The Atheniens takinge thys matter in displeasure fetched from Delos to Athens the mony whiche was there laide by all Grece for the maintenaunce of the warres against the Persians leaste if the Lacedemonians shoulde breake the league they might take it as a botye or as their own gotten good But the Lacedemonians could not be in quiet For beinge entangled in the warres wyth the Messenians they waged the Peloponnesians to make warre against the Atheniens The Atheniens wer as then able to raise but a small power by reason they had sente a nauy of ships into Egipt Wherfore in a battel vppon the Sea they were vanquished with small a doo Wythin a while after when their flete was come home beynge encreased both in noumber of shippes and in strength of men they rered the warre a new And at that time the Lacedemonians leauinge the Messenians tourned them selues against the Atheniens long time the victory hong in doubtful balance sometime the one winninge and sometime the other At the last they departed of euen hande The Lacedemonians being called againe to the warres of Messenia because they wer loth that the Atheniens should be idle hauing nothing to do in the meane while couenanted with the Thebanes to restore to them the kingdoÌ„ of 〈◊〉 whych was taken from them in the time of the Persian warres vpon condition that they should make warre to the Atheniens So mad were the Lacedemonians that being all ready entangled in two warres at ones they passed not to take the third in hand and only to stirre vp ennemies to the Atheniens The Atheniens therfore to withstand the great tempestes of warre that were like shortlye to ensue chose two captaines Pericles a man of tried vertue and Sophocles a wryter of tragedies the whiche with two sondry armies wasted the territories of the Spartanes and subdued manye cities of Achaia to thempire of Athens The Lacedemonians being all together discouraged with these misfortunes tooke a truce for xxx yeres But their priuy grudge coulde not suffer them to abide so long in reast Therfore ere xv yeares were fullye accomplished they brake the truce and in despite of God and man inuaded the borders of Athens And because they wold not seme so greatly to haue sought the pray as the encounter they bad them battell But the Atheniens by the counsel of their captain Pericles delaid the reuengment of this wastinge their countrye vntyll more conuenient time and occasion thinckinge it but a follye to trouble them selues as then consideringe they mighte ere long after be reuenged more to their profit and les to their displesure Within a few daies after they embarked them selues or euer the Lacedemonians wist therof wasted forraged al the couÌ„try of Sparta caried away a great deale more theÌ„ before they had lost So that in comparison of the domages the reuengement was much greater theÌ„ the displesure This viage of Pericles was counted very honorable but much more honorable was the despising of his patrimony inheritans For whe the Spartanes wasted the country of Athens spoiled all other mennes landes they left his vntouched hoping either to bring him in daunger throughe enuy or elsse in a slaunder vppon presumption of treason The which thing Pericles foreseing before haÌ„d told the people how it wold come to passe to auoide the brunt of enuy he gaue the lands for a gift to the common wâ—…ale And so by that meanes the thing whervpon mooste hurte and daunger was wrought against him turned most of all to his renown and honor Wiâ—…hin a fewe daies after there was a battel fought vpon the sea in the which the Lacedemonians beinge vanquished fled And from that time foreward they ceased not to slea and kil one another bothe by sea and by land as fortune enclined or bare fauor to anye of the sides Finally being wearied with so many domages losses theâ—… toke a truce for fifty yeres the which they kept no lenger then fixe yeres For the truce which they hadde taken in their owne name they brake vnder couloure and pretence of aiding their fellowes as thoughe they shoulde lesse haue committed periurye in fightinge in the maintenaunce of the quarel of their complices then in making open warre After this the warre was remoued into Sicil but or euer I entreat therof I wil wryte somewhat of the situation of the Iland The fourth Booke MEn say that Sicil cleued somtime vnto Italye and that it was as it were rent from the body by violence of the vpper sea which withal the force of his waues coÌ„meth thither The earth of it selfe is fine and brittle so holowe with holes pipes in the grounde that in manner it liâ—…s wide open to euery blast of wind And besides that the nature of the soyle is suche that of it self it engendreth and nourisheth fire For the molde within is after a brimstonâ—… and rosen by meanes wherof it commeth to passe that the winde striuing with the fire in the innermost parte of the earth ofteÌ„times and in many places casteth out somtimes flakes of fire soÌ„times vapors and somtimes smoke thervp on also groweth the fire of the mountain Aetna continuinge so many C. yeres And when ther is any great wind in the forsaid holes great heapes of sand arâ—… cast out of theÌ„ The next promontory ouer against Italy is Rhegium so called be cause the Grekes in their language do term thinges brokeÌ„ of by that name It is no meruel though in olde time there went many fables tales of this place in the which are coÌ„ueyed so many straunge things First formest there is no narow sea in all the world so raginge as it not onlye by the swiftnesse of the waues but also by the violent meting of the tides so that it is terrible not only to theÌ„ that try it
of battel Conon also forasmuch as it was the first tyme that he shuld encounter with the hoste of his ennemy toke great pain care in ordring apoynting of his men thys contention was not all only among the captaines but also euen among the common Souldioures For the Captaine hym selfe Conon was not so carefull of the Persians as of his own country desirous that in likewise as in theyr aduersitye he hadde beene the cause that the Atheniens loste all their dominion and Empire euen so now to be the raiser and setter vp of the same again by conquest to recouer his countrye whiche by beinge vanquished he hadde loste the whyche shoulde redownde so muche the more to hys honoure in that he should not haue the Atheniens his couÌ„trimen to fighte vnder him but the power of a forrayne prince so that the peril and daunger of the losse shoulde be the kinges and the gaine and reward of the victory should be his Countries In which his doing he should attaine to honoure after a nother sorte and in manner cleane contrary then other that had bene Captaines in his countrye before times For wheras they defended the country by vanquishinge the Persians he shoulde restore it to her former estate by makinge the Persians conquerors On the other side Lysander beside that he was neare of kin to Agesilans he was also an earnest folower of his vertuous endeuouring by all meanes possible not to steppe a side from his noble examples and from the brightnesse of his renowne and glorye but so to behaue him selfe that the Empire gotten in so many battels and in so many C. yeres mighte not be ouerthrowne through his default in the turning of a hand The kinges and all the Souldioures also were in the lyke perplexity not so greatly disquieted for the kepynge of the richesse that they them selues had all readye gotten as for fear least the Atheniens should recouer their owne again But the sorer that the battel was the more glorious was the victory of Conon The Lacedemonians being put to the worse tooke them to flight and their garrisons were led away to Athens The people were restored to their former estate and their bondage taken awaye from them manye cities also were recouered to their Empire This was vnto the Atheniens a beginning of the recouery of their auncient preheminens and vnto the Lacedemonians an ende of reteining that they had For as though that wyth theyr Empire they had loste their prowesse also their neighbors began to haue them in disdaine First of all therfore the 〈◊〉 wyth help of the Atheniens rered warre agaynste them The whyche citye oute of innumerable encreasementes Through the prowesse of their Duke Epaminondas began to aspire to the Empire of al Grece There was therfore betwene them a battel on the land in the which the Lacedemonians had like successe as in the encounter vpon the Sea against Conon In the same conflict Lysander who was Captain the same time that the Lacedemonians subdued the Atheniens was slaine Pansanias also a nother of the Captaines of the Lacedemonians beinge appeached of treason fledde into exile The 〈◊〉 therfore hauinge gotten the vppe â–ª hande led theyr whole host to the city of Lacedemon thincking easly to haue won it because they were abondoned of al their aiders and com fortors The which thing the Lacedemonians fearing sent for their king Agesilaus whiche atcheued many great enterprises in Asia home to the defence of his Countrye For after time that Lysander was slain they had none other cap tain in whome they durst put their truste and confidence Neuerthelesse because it was long ere Agesilaus came they raised a power and went to mete their enemy But nether their courages nor their streÌ„gth was able to stand against them of whome they had beene put to the worse so latelye before and therfore at the first encounter they wer put to flight As the hoste of his country men was thus discomfited and in maner vtterly destroyed Agesilaus the king cam sodainly vpon them Who with his freshe souldioures hardened in many viages and encounters before with little a do wrested the victory out of his enemies hand How be it he him selfe was sore wounded When newes therof came to Athens the Atheniens fearing leaste if the Lacedemonians should get the vpper hande againe they shoulde be brought to their olde estate of seruitude and bondage raised an host and sent it to the aid of the Beotians by Iphicrates a yong â—…ripling not aboue xxi yeres old but of wonderfull towardnesse The prowesse of this yong man was maruelous and farre aboue his yeres For amongst all the noble and valiaunt Dukes and captains that the Atheniâ—…ns had before him there was neuer none either of greater likelihode or of more ripe towardnes theÌ„ he was In whose person wer plaÌ„ted not only the feats of cheualry which ought to be an expert graund captain but also knowledge belonging to a perfect orator Conon also hearing of the return of Agesilaus out of Asia returned himself likewise from theÌ„ce to wast the country of Lacedemon And so the 〈◊〉 being enclosed on euery side rouÌ„d about with fear of the war that continually rong in their eares wer brought to vtter despair But Conon when he had forraged the fields of his enemies made toward Athes wher being welcomed with great ioy of his country men yet notwithstanding he toke more sorow to se how his country had bene burned defaced by the Lacedemonians then plesure of the recouery of the same after so long a time Therfore such things as wer burnt down he builded a new of the spoiles of the Lacedemonians at the charges of the army of the Persians and such things as wer defaced he repaired again Suche was the desteny of AtheÌ„s that being before burned by the Persians it was repaired with the boties of the Persians and being now defaced by the Lacedemonians it was repaired with the spoiles of the Lacedemonians also euen cleane contrary to haue them now their felowes which theÌ„ were their enemies to haue them now their vttermost ennemies with whom they were then knit in most straightest bonds of league and frendship While these thinges were a doing Artaxerxes kinge of Persia sente ambassadoures into Grece commaunding all parties to cease from war who so enterprised to the coÌ„trary shuld be taken as his enemy He restored vnto the cities their liberty and all that was their own The which thing he did not so muche in regard of the continual labours daily battels of the cities for the hatred malice they bare one to another as least while he were occupied about his warres in Egipt the whyche he moued for sending aid to the Lacedemonians agaynst hys lieuetenaunts his hoste should be deteined in Grece The Grekes therfore being weried with so many battels were content to obey withal their harts
booty falling into their mouthes vnhoped for th one thinking to succede him in his Empire the other to possesse his richesse and moueables Ther wer in the tresory an hundred thousande talentes besides the yerely custom and tribute which amounted to CCC thousand But it was not for nothinge that the noble men of Alexander loked for the kingdome For they were euery one of them of that prowesse representing suche a maiesty therwithall that ye would haue thought them to haue beene kinges euerychone For they were all men of suche beauty and fauour so tall and goodly personages and of so great strength and wisdome that he that had not knowen them would not haue thought they hadde bene all of one country but rather chosen out of all the whole world And surely neither Macedone nor any other coūtry before that time did florish with suche a nomber of noble m◅n whom first of all Philip and afterward Alexander with suche aduisement selected and picked oute that they seemed not so muche to haue bene chosen to attend vppon him and serue him in the warres as to succede in him in his kingdome Who can then meruel that the world was subdued by such men of seruice seing the army of Macedone was gouerned by so many not Captaines but kinges who neuer shoulde haue found their matches if they had not fallen at contention betwene them selues And Macedone should haue had many Alexanders for one if fortune vpon enuy of their owne puissaunce had not armed them one to destroy another But after the time that Alexander was deade they assembled together into one place neither alltogether mery nor out of fear one of another No lesse mistrustinge the men of warre whose liberty was now more large and fauor vncertaine And amonge them selues the equalitye encreased theyr discord no man so farre exceding the rest of his peres that any of them would vouchsafe to submit himself vnto hym Therfore they assembled in the palace all in harnesse to set an order and staye in matters for the tyme. Perdicas thoughte it good to abide the deliueraunce of Roxanes the which had now gone viii monethes with child by Alexander and wold be redy shortly to lie downe and if she brought forth a sonne to substitute him in his fathers stead Meleager replying thervnto said it was not meete to delaye their determination vpon her doubtfull deliueraunce nor to tary for a king that was vnborne sith they mighte take suche as were borne all ready For if they desired to haue a childe to their kinge there was at Pergamus Alexanders sonne by Arsine called Hercules or if they had rather haue a younge man there was in the campe arideus the brother and companion of Alexander one that was welbeloued of all men not onlye for hys owne sake but also for his father king Philippes sake But as for Ro◅nes for as much as she was a Persian it was not lawfull for the Macedones to take them kinges of theyr bloud whose Empire they had subuerted the which thing he said was no part of Alexanders thoughte for he made no mention at all thereof at his deathe Ptolomy refused to haue arideus made king not only for his mothers basenesse for he was begotten of a concubine named Laryssa but also for his continuall sicknesse whiche was greater then could well be abiden in that case least he shoulde beare the name and another all the sway Wherfore it wer better for them to chuse certayn of those whiche for their prowesse and vertues were next vnto the king to rule the prouinces and to take charge of y ◠warres rather then vnder the coloure of a kinge to be at the commaundement of vnworthy persons At length by the consent of them all the sentence of Perdicas tooke place It was thought good to tary for the deliueraunce of Roxanes and if she had a manchilde it was determined that Leonatus Perdicas Craterus ◅tipater shuld be protectours and forth with the rest toke their othe to be obedient to those protectors When the horsmen had done the like the fotemen disdaining that they wer made preuy to no part of their doings proclaimed Arideus the brother of Alexander kynge and chose him a garde of his own kinred geuing him the name of his father king Phillip The which thinges when they were told to the horsmen they sent to appease their wrath two ambassadoures of the noble men Attalus and Melenger who seking preheminence by flatteringe of the comminalty condescended to the souldioures by and by the tumulte increased when it ones had gotten a heade and counsell Then of purpose to destroy the men of armes they armed them selues and rushed into the palace The mē of armes vnderstanding what peril they stode in fearfully conueied them selues out of the city and pitched theyr campe in the fieldes wherat the fotemen also began to be dismaid Neyther did the hatred of the noble men cease Attalus sente to kil Perdicas captain of the aduerse parte Unto whom being armed when they that were sent to strike him durste not approche althoughe of his owne courage he prouoked them thervnto Perdicas was of such boldnesse that of his owne free wil he went to the fotemen and assembling thē together laide to their charge what a heinous matter they attempted willing them to haue respecte againste whome they toke wepon in hande alledginge that they were not Persians but Macedones nor enemies but their own coūtrymen yea many of them their kinsmen or at least wyse for the most part their cōpanions in armes and partakers of their perils Wherfore they should make a goodly show to their ennemies that they might reioyce to see them kill one another by whose puissaunce they lamented them selues to be ouercome and to see them do sacrifice with their own blud to the ghostes of them that they had slain When Perdicas had with his singuler eloquence debated theese matters to the full he moued the footemen in suche wise that by a common consent he was chosen captaine general of them all Then the horsmen also beinge broughte to attonement consented to take Arideus for king reseruing a part of the kingdōe for the sonne of Alexander if any shuld be borne This did they layinge the bodye of Alerander amongst them to th entent that his maiesty mighte be as a witnesse of their decrees and ordinaunces These thynges being thus set at a stay Antipater was made regent of Ma cedone and Grece Craterus was appoynted to be hyghe tresurer The charge of the campe the hoste and matters of warfare wer committed to Meleager and Perdicas and Arideus himself was assigned to conuey Alexanders corse to the temple of Hammon Then Perdicas beinge sore displeased with the authors of the sedition sodenlye withoute knowledge of his fellow cōmaunded the next day a serche should be made in the campe for the death of the kinge When he had set all the hoste
fear least if his counsel should be alowed he should be more in fauor with the king the any of them Antiochus misliked not so muche the counsell as the author therof leaste the glory of the victory should redound to Hannibal and not to him Thus throughe assentation and flatterye all was marde and nothing was done by counsell or reason The king all the winter time geuinge himselfe to riot and pastime was euery day making of new marriages On the contrarye part attilius the Romaine Consull who was sent to these warres withal diligence prepared men and armor withal other munitions artillery and habilimentes for the war confirmed and strengthened the cityes y â— were in confederacy allured such as wer neuters and in conclusion according as either part laid before hande for their furniture so did they spede in the war In the fyrste encounter when the king saw his men geue back he did not releue them with freshe succors but offred hymselfe captain of such as first ran away and lefte his campe replenished withall richesse to his enemy When he had eskaped by flight into asia while the Romaines were occupied in gathering the spoyl he began to repent him that he had reiected Hanniballes counsel and there vppon taking him into fauoure againe he sayde he woulde doo all thinges by his aduisemente In the meane season it was told him that Liuius 〈◊〉 a Romaine captaine appoynted admirall of the sea by the Senate was comming towardes him with foure 〈◊〉 shippes of war the whiche tidinges put him in good comforte to receuer his misfortune Therfore he determined to encounter with him by the way before that the Cities which as yet held their aliance with him were reuolted to the Romains hoping to abolish the dishonor of the 〈◊〉 takeÌ„ in Grece by a new victory And thervppon Hanniball was sent to the sea with the kinges flete But neither were the men of asia able to matche the Romaines nor theyr shippes of lyke force as were the Romaine galleis whose 〈◊〉 were armed with brasse Yet notwithstading the slaughter was the lesse by meanes of the pollicy of the captain The fame of the victorye was not yet reported at Rome and therfore the city stayed the creating of their consuls But who was better to be made captaine againste Hannibal then the brother of affricanus seing it was the peculier worke of the Scipions to vanquish the Carthaginenses Lucius Scipio was created consull and hys brother affricanus was geuen him to be his lieuetenaunt to th entent Antiochus should vnderstande that they had as muche confidence in theyr conquerour Scipio as he had in his vanquished Hanniball As the Scipios were conueying ouer their hooste into asia woorde was broughte them that the warre in bothe places was all redye broughte paste the worste and so they founde antiochus vanquished in battel on the land and Hannibal ouercome vp on the sea At theyr firste arriuall antiochus sent his ambassadoures vnto them for peace sendinge moreouer by them as a peculiare presente vnto affricanus hys sonne whome the kynge hadde taken passynge ouer in a little barke But affricanus aunswered that there was greate difference betwene benefites done to any one person priuatelye and the benefites that were done to the publyke weale of a whole country and that the person of a father was one thinge and the person of a common weale was another whiche ought in dede to be preferred not oâ—…lye before children but also before the very life it self wherfore he thancked the king withall his harte for his honorable present promising to requite his bâ—…unteous liberalitye by some good tourne that lay in his owne pryuate power to doo But as touchinge warre and peace he answered that he coulde shewe him no fauour neither that he woulde doo more or lesse then was of right meete and requiâ—…ite to the behoufe of his country For he neuer entreated for the raunsominge of his sonne nor suffered the Senate to go about it but as appertained to his honour he said alwaies he would recouer him by force of armes After this were articles of peace propounded the conteÌ„t wherof was that he shoulde departe out of asia suffring the Romaines to enioy it peaceablye delyuer them theyr prisonners and runnagates withall theyr shippes and make 〈◊〉 of all charges and expenses that the Romaynes had beene put to in those warres Antiochus hauing intelligence therof answered that he was not as yet so vtterly vanquished that he should suffer himselfe to be spoyled of his kingdome saying that it was the next way to prouoke him to warre rather then to allure hym to peace In the meane time that the warre was in preparing on bothe sides The Romaines enteringe into Asia came to Troy wher was great reioycement betwene the 〈◊〉 and the Romaines the Troianes declarynge how Eneas and thother captaines came from them and the Romaines vauntiâ—…ge them selues to be descended of them And there was as great reioycement betwene both partes as there is wont to be at the meting of the pareÌ„ts and their children after longe beinge a sonder It dyd the Troianes good that their linage hauinge conquered the west and subdued Affricke did now chalenge thempire of Asia also as their auncient inheritaunce and the rightful possession of their forefathers saying it was good fortune to Troy that it was destroyed considering howe luckelye it had risen againe On the other side the Romaines had an vnmeasurable desire to see the houses of their auncestry and the places wher theyr forefathers were bred and borne with the Temples and Images of theyr Goddes When the Romaines were departed from Troy kynge Emnenes met them with a nomber of men to aid them And ere it was long after a fielde was foughte againste Antiochus in the whiche when as a legion of the righte wing of the Romaine â–ª battel being put out of aray fled to the campe with more shame then daunger Marcus Aemylius marshal of the hoste being left behinde for the defence of the campe commaunded his souldiours to arme them selues and to go out of the trenche and wyth theyr swordes drawen to manace suche as fled awaye sayinge they should die for it euerychone if they retourned not into the battel againe and that they should find their owne campe hotter for them then the battel of their enuemies The legion being astonied at so great daunger accompanied with their felowes that stopped them of their flight returned into the field and there making a great slaughter vpon their enemies were the beginning of the victory There were of the enemies fifty thousand slain and a ri M. taken prisoners Yet notwithstanding when Antiochus desired peace nothing was added to the former articles For Affricanus saide it was not the custome of the Romains to be discouraged for a losse nor to be proud by reason of prosperity The cities that they had taken they deuided among theyr
he fled to Alexandria to Ptolomye hys yonger brother with whome he parted his kingdom and so they sente ambassadoures ioyntlye together to the Senate of Rome requestinge healpe by the ryghte of the league in the whiche they were bounde in alyauns wyth them The Senate being moued at the sute of the brethreÌ„ ther vpon sent Pub. Popilius ambassadour to Antiochus to wil him to abstaine from Egipt or if he were all ready entered to voide thence When he had founde hym in Egypt and that the kynge offered to kysse him for at suche time as Antiochus lay in hostage at Rome among others he had Popilius iu great estimation and reuerence Popilius willed him to let cease all priuate frendship vntill he hadde executed the commaundemente of his countrye or while matters concerning his country were in hand and there withall drawinge forthe the decre of the senate and deliueringe it vnto him when hee sawe him pause at the matter askinge leisure to consulte theron wyth his frendes there Popilius with a wand that he had in his hand 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 circle aboute him willynge hym to call hys frendes to counsell to him and not to set foote ouâ—…e of the place beforâ—… he had geuen the Senate a direct aunswere whether he would haue peace or warrâ—… with the Romaines This rigorousnesse so â—…uche abated the kinges courage that he made aunswer he was contente to be ruled by the Senate Antiochus after his return into his kingdome deceased â–ª leauinge his heire a 〈◊〉 babe Whome the realme assigned to the gouernaunce of certayne Protectoures Here vppon his vncle Demetrius who laye in hostage at Rome hearinge of the â—…eath of his brother anâ—…iochus went vnto the Senate sayinge that he came thither for an hostage duringe his brothers life after whose decease he knewe not for whome he should lye any longer in hostage Wherfore he ought of right to be discharged that he myght go and chalenge the kingdome the which as by the vniuersall lawe of all nations it appertayned â—…o his elder brother so now of reason it was due to hym because he was of more yâ—…res of discretion then the babe When he perceiued the Senate would not licence hym to goo in as muche as they were perswaded in their owne iudgementes that the kingdome should remayn in more safetye and quietnesse in the childes hande then in hys vnder pretence of riâ—…ing a hunting he stale to Dâ—…ia and there with a fewe of his retinue that were preuye to hys doinges he priuelye tooke shipping Assone as he was ariued in Syria he was receiued with greate ioye and fauoure of all men and the Protectours killing their ward did put him in possessyon of the kinâ—…dom The same time almoste Pruâ—…as kyng of Bythinia wente about secreatly to kill his owne sonne 〈◊〉 for none other occasion but onlye to anaunce hys yonger sonnes that he had begotten vpon his seconde wife whiche laye in hostage at Rome But the matter was be wrayed to the yonge man by them that should haue doone the deede and they counsailed him that for as muche as hys father by his cruelty hadde prouoked hym thereto he shoulde preuente the conspiracye and tourne the mischiefe vppon the deuysers heade It was no harde matter to perswade hym Therfore assone as he was by theyr enticemente entered into hys fathers realme he proclaymed himselfe kynge Prusias beinge deposed from hys owne sonne from hys royal estate to the degree of a priuate personne was forsaken euen of his owne seruauntes And as he laye hidden in a secreat place his sonne as cruelly slue him as he had wicked lye commaunded hys sonne to be put to death before The. xxxv Boke DEmetrius the vsurper of the kingdome of Syria supposinge it to bee a daungerous matter if vpon his new aduauncemente he shoulde geue hym selfe to idlenesse determined to enlarge the borders of his kingdome and to augmente his richesse by subduing his neighbors Wherevppon for displeasure he bare to Ariarathes kyng of Cappadocia for refusing his sister in mariage he main tained againste him his brother Holofernes who beynge wrongfully driuen out of the realme resorted to hym for succoure and for ioy that he had so honest a title to make warre he purposed to sette him in possession of the kyngdome againe But Holofernes beinge of a cankered and malitious nature entering in league with the Antiochiens being at that time offended with Demetrius tooke counsell how to depriue him of his kyngdome that went aboute to restore him into hys kingdome Demetrius hauinge knowledge there of spared his life because ariarathes shoulde not bee deliuered from the feare of hys brothers warre Neuerthelesse he caused him to be apprehended and put him in prisone in the citye Seleucia Yet notwithstanding the antiochiens were not so discouraged by the detection of their conspiracye that they woulde cease from their rebellion Therefore by the helpe of Ptolomye king of Egipt attalus king of asia and ariarathes kyng of Cappadocia all the whiche Demetrius hadde by hys warres stirred againste him they suborned one Prompalus a man of the basest sorte to chalenge the kyngdom by force of armes as thoughe it had bene hys by right of inheritaunce and to the entent there should want nothyng to spite Demetrius withall they proclaimed hym by the name of Aleâ—…ander and reported him to be the sonne of Antiochus So sore hatred was Demetrius amongste all men that by an vniuersal consent they not only gaue his aduersarye the power of a kinge but also attributed vnto him nobility of birth and lignage Alexander therfore by meanes of this wonderfull exchaunge of thinges forgetting his owne old villainage beinge accompanied wyth the power almoste of all the whole Caste made warre againste Demetrius whome he vanquished and depryued bothe of life and kingdome Howe be it Demetrius wanted no courage to withstand the brunt of the warres For at the first encounter he put his enemy to flight and wheÌ„ the king renued the battel againe he slue many thousand of theyr men in the field and yet at the last being of an inuincible courage he was slaine fighting most valiantlye among the thickest of his enemies In the beginninge of the warres Demetrius had committed to the charge of his hoste of Guydus in Lycia his two sonnes and a great summe of golde to the entent they should be bothe oute of â—…operdye of the warre and also if it shoulde so happen be preserued to reuenge theyr fathers death The elder of them named Demeâ—…rius being past childes age hearyng of the riotous demeanor of Alexander who for the ioye he had in his richesse vnhoped for and in the ornamentes of a nother mannes felicity kept himself like a cowardlye carpet knight at home in his palaice among a company of concubines and brothels by the helpe of the Caudiens assailed him carelesse as he was and fearing no hostility at all The Antiochiens also to make
warre ought to be made or no but whether it ought to be doone to their owne behofe or to the behofe of the Romaynes For the warres were begonne betwene him and them from the time that they toke from him in his nonage the lesser Phrygâ—…a with they had gyuen vnto his father in reward for aydyng them in the battell agaynste Aristonicus the which countrie Seleucus Callenicus also had gyuen in dourie with his daughter to his great graundfa ther Mythridates what should a man say to that they coÌ„maunded him to depart oute of Paphlagonia was it not an other kynde of defyaunce The whiche realme fell to his father not by force of armes nor by conquest but by adoption and Legacie of laste will and testament but by the death of the rightfull kynges and so consequenlie by lawefull inheritaunce wheras neuerthelesse all his hum ble obedience to their bitter decrees coulde not one whit mitigate them but rather was an occasion that they bare themselfes more cruellie agaynst him for what submission could they deuise but he vsed it towardes them dyd be not let go Phrygia and Paphlagonia dyd he not with drawe his sonne out of Cappadocia which he had conque red and therefore was his by the lawe of armes and yet his conquest was taken out of his hande by them which â—…aue nothyng of their owne but that whiche they holde by the sworde dyd he not for their pleasure kyll Creston kyng of Bythinia agaynste whome the Senate had proclaymed warre and yet notwithstandyng what so euer Gordius or Tygranes hath done was imputed altogyther to hym Moreouer in despight of him the Senate had of their owne voluntarie will set Cappadocia at lyberty which thyng they themselfes had taken from other Nacions Afterwarde when the people of Cappadoria thankyng theÌ„ for their lybertie sued to haue Gordius to theyr kyng it might not be grauÌ„ted and that for none other occasion but bycause he was counted his frende Nicomedes at their commaundement made warre vppon hym and bycause he coulde not be reuenged vppon hym as he woulde they themselfes had taken the matter in hande Wherevppon partly grew thoccasion of his warres with them namely because he woulde not sytte styll lyke a cowarde and suffer that dauncyng Damoselles sonne Nycomedes to teare him in peces at his pleasur For it was not the faultes of kinges that they were offended with or sought to redresse but with their power and Maiestic 〈◊〉 they sought to suppresse The which cautel and pol licy they dyd not vse agaynst him onely but agaynst all other kynges After the same maner his graundtfather Pharnar by right of kynred appoynted as heyre and suâ—… cessor to Eumenes kyng of Pergamus and agayne Eumenes himself in whose shyppes they were fyrst brought ouer into Asia by the help of whose men of warre more then by theyr owne puissaunce Fyrst they conquered the greate Antiochus and the FrenchmeÌ„ in Asia and anone after kyng Perses in Macedone they vttered as an ennemie forbiddyng him to come within Italye and whiche they thought they myght not doe to hym for shame made warre vppon his sonne Aristonicus There was neuer none that deserued more at their hande or that had done more for them theÌ„ Massinissa kyng of Numidie To him they imputed the ouercommyng of Hannyball him they thanked for the takyng of Syphax to him they imputed the destroying of Carthage him they registred among the two Affricanes as the thyrd preseruer of their Cytie and yet with the same mans nephew they euen this other day had made warre in Affricke so deadlye cruell that after they had vanquished him they coulde not fynde in theiâ—… harts for their graundfathers sake to pardoÌ„ him but that they emprysoned him and led him through the Cytie in maner of Triumphe and made him a gazyng stock to all the world Thus had they made a lawe to themselues to beare continuall hatred agaynste all kynges verelie bycause they had such kynges themselfes whome they may be ashamed to heare spoken of that is to say eyther shepe herdes of Thaborigines or soothsayers of the Sabynes or outlawes of Corynthe or els which is the honorablest name that euer was among them proued men and as they themselues reporte suche founders as a wolfe gaue sucke to which may well be in that all the ofspryng of that people haue wolues hartes vnsaciable of blood gredie of Dominion and raueners of riches whereas hymself for his owne person yf comparison should be made be twene him and theÌ„ as touchyng nobilitie was of a more famous lynage then that ragged heape of rascalles for he dyd fetch his pedegre on the fathers syde from Cyrus and Darius the fyrste founders of the Monarchie of the Persians and on the mothers syde from greate Alexander froÌ„ Nicanor and Selencus the fyrst founders of them pyre of Macedone or if he should compare his people with theirs he sayd he was ruler of those Nacions whiche not only are able to match the Romayne Empyre but had also withstood the Empyre of Macedone For there was none of the nacions of whome he was Ruler that had ben subdued vnder forreyne Princes or that euer submitted themselfes to anie kyng but if he were of their owne countrie chose whether they would name Cappadocia or Paphlagonia agayn Pontus or Bythinia Armenia the greater or Armenia the lesse of the which countries ney ther Alexander euen he that conquered all Asia nor any of his successors or posterity euer touched anie as for Scithia there were neuer but two kynges before hym name lie Darius and Philyppe that durst so much as enter into it who being not able to make anie conquest had much a doe to wynde himself oute agayne with their lyues froÌ„ whence he had a great parte of his strength agaynste the Romaynis wherfore he had more cause to be afrayed and mistrustfull when he entred into the warres of Pontus at suche tyme as he hymself was but a yonge nouice and a fresh water souldiour Nor the Scythians besydes that they be well harnessed and well harted they are also fen sed eyther with desertes and wast groundes or els with colde whiche bydde the souldiour loke for greate trauell and perill among the which distresses there was not almoste any hope of rewarde to be gotten of the waÌ„dering enemie hauyng not onely no mony but also not so much as a house to hyde his head in But nowe he was entered into a farre other kynde of warrefare For neyther was the ayre more temperate in all the worlde then in Asia nor the soyle more fertyle nor more plentie of fayre and pleasaunt Cyties so that they should spend a great parte of the â—…yme not as in warfare but as in feastyng and it was to be doubted whether the warre shoulde be more easie or profytable whether they woulde aduenture vppon the ryches of the kyngdome of Attalus nexte vnto them or vppon Lydia and Ionia so greatly renoumed for their
enâ—…rapped by a pollicy and slayn In his roume was sent his sonne in lawe Hasdrubal who also was slayn by a seruaunt of a Spanyard in reuengement of his Maisters death Han niball the sonne of Hamilcar greater theÌ„ thei both succeded in the Capitainship For he surmountyng the actes of them bothe conquered all Spayne And then makyng war agaynst the RomaÌ„s vexed Italy with sundry slaughters by the space of syâ—… yeres togither Whereas in the meane season the Romayns sendyng the Scipios into Spayne fyrst draue the Carthaginenses out of the countrie afterward had sorâ—… warres with the Spanyardes themselfes Neuerthelesse the countries of Spayn could neuer be brought vnder the â—…oke of bondage vntil that Cesar Augustus hauyng conquered the whole worlde came agaynste them with his victorious army brought those Barbarous and cruel people to a more ciuill trade of liuyng by order of lawe and substituted a Lieuetenaunte ouer them lyke as was done in all other Prouynces of Th empyre FINIS Princâ—…s first elected for vertues sake The begynnyng of the Monarchie of Assiria desyre of honour the first cause of warre The inuention of magicke and Aâ—â—ronomy An example of a pollityke wâ—â—an Vertue ouercometh enuy The buylding of Babilon Semiramis slayne of her owne sonne Sardanapalus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are the 〈◊〉 cay of the grâ—…test kyng domes Th empyre of the Medes beginneth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of his 〈◊〉 â–ª Her 〈◊〉 was 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 That God will haue saued can not 〈◊〉 lost 〈◊〉 â—…ayth it was borne dead Cyrus is cho sen kyng aâ—…ong childreÌ„ The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 â—…ous cruelty 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Displeasure wisely 〈◊〉 bled The letter of Harpagus vnto Cyrus â—…unning 〈◊〉 ueyaunce of 〈◊〉 letter The pollicye of Cyrus to cause the Persians to rebell Cyrus rebelleth The crueltye reuenged Necessitye geueth hart Force and wysdom 〈◊〉 to â—…tune The 〈◊〉 of Cyrus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cresus is ta ken prisoner The magnitycence of Cyrus The Lydiâ—… rebell and are â—…bdued The reward of rebellion The foolyshe loue and demeanour of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—…eth Candaules and maketh hius selâ—…kyng A manly women His name was Spargapises Ignorauncâ—… pernicious in a Captayns The inuincible courage of Thomiris The grâ—…at â—…aughter of the Persians The death of Cyrus Cambyses succedeth â—…own wyll haue no pere 〈◊〉 ca not continew â—…ong The great treason of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oropastâ—…reigneth in stead of 〈◊〉 The treason is mistrusteâ—… The treason commeth to lyght Counsell 〈◊〉 not be kept long in a multitude Necessitie geâ—… courage The zeale â—…obryas Gobryas to his countrey Th end of vsâ—…pe authori tyâ—… A singuâ—…ar ex ample of modesty in great estaâ—…es The pollicie of a horseâ—… Daâ—… 〈◊〉 made kyng bâ—… the neying 〈◊〉 a horse Daâ—…ius â—…keth to wyfe the daughteâ—… of Cyrus named Aâ—…ossa The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—…opyrus to hys kyng and to hys countrâ—… â—…pirus deâ—…lluereth Babilon to the kyng Contentioâ—… as concerninâ—… antiquitie The tempâ—… tenesse of Egypt and the â—…uitfulnesse thâ—…eof â–ª The replication of the 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of Scithia the customeâ—… and manerâ—… of the 〈◊〉 â—…ns called 〈◊〉 The power and force of nature Asia tributatye to the â—…cithians Theyr fortunate successe The nature of the Parthians and Bactrians Who fyrst made warre vpon the Scithians The Scithâ—…ans are reuoked out of Asia by 〈◊〉 wyuce In this place he greâ—…ly exreth Example of fortitude in women The kingdome of the Amazones The customs of the Amazones The queenes of Amazone The buylding of Ephe â—…us â—… myrâ—… of virginityâ—… and prowesse 〈◊〉 sedeth Hercules for the Queene of amazonies armour Hercules exchaungeth Menalyppe for y â— queâ—…nes armour Orithia sendeth for ayde to the king of Scithia She is â—…orsaken of her 〈◊〉 cour and ouer come of the Atheniens Penthesileâ—… The decay of â—…hamazones He retorneth to the storyes of the Stithians The stratageme of the Scithians against theyr bondâ—…en Here ended the first bokâ—… The shameful retire of Darâ—…us out of Scithia He conquereth the lesser Asia and Mâ—… cedonie A â—…igression to the acts of the â—…henieÌ„s The noblenes antiqui ty of Athens Of what things the aâ—…henieÌ„s wer the first inueÌ„ ters The first ordainer of mariage among the heathen The â—…loud of Dencalion Sowinge of corn â—…ueÌ„ted The succession of the kinges of AtheÌ„s an ex ample of greate loue toward the natiue couÌ„try The alteratâ—…on of gouernment in athens The commeÌ„dat ion and do ings of solon The pollicye of Solon Deceit tourned vpon the workers hed An example of a craftye â—… suttle decâ—… uer Diocles slain for rape A constant and inuicible stomacke He returneth to the historye of Darius The noble en terprise of Milciades The courage of the Atheniens and me co wardise of the Persians Fortune helpeth the coura gious The praise of Themistocles The commendation of Cynegirus The slaughter of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The vengans of God vppon tyraunts and traâ—…oures The death oâ—… Darius A brotherly conteÌ„â—…n for the kingdom xerxes succe deth Darius in his kingdoÌ„ The â—…oue of Demaratus to his couÌ„try The hnge host of xerxes His richesse and want of good gouer naunce The loue of Leonidas towarde hys country The noble prowesse of Lconida and the SpartaÌ„es A â—…olitique prouisy on of themistocles Man 〈◊〉 power against God Xerxes burneth Thespâ—… and 〈◊〉 and Athens Thanâ—…wer of the 〈◊〉 Themistocles interpre teth the same The deuise of Themistocles to make his confederates abyde 〈◊〉 cowardise of Xerxes The valiantnes of arte mysia The Persians are discoÌ„fyted on the sea The couonseâ—… of Mardonius â—…cles sendeth againe to 〈◊〉 erxes 〈◊〉 flyeth for fear A worthy ex ample of the ficklenesse of fortune and of the frailnes of mans estate The afflictions of the Persian host Mardonius wâ—…th Oâ—…hus A battel betweene Mar doâ—…s and the grekes Excesse of richesse The swift nes of â—…ame The wise 〈◊〉 menor of Theâ—…o cles Themistocles cometh vnto Lacedeâ—…n The Spartanes make war againste the Persians Pâ—…ius worketh treson against his country Aristides preuenteth hys trâ—… Pansaâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyno is made graund 〈◊〉 tain against the Pâ—… The naturaâ—… loue of 〈◊〉 to his faâ—… â–ª Xerxes 〈◊〉 Xerxes is 〈◊〉 by hys own subiect The cautele and treson of Artabanus The treason disclosed Treson politiquely reuen ged The discorde of the grâ—…kes amonge them sâ—…lues Rightuousnâ—…s is to be preferred before akingdoÌ„ The notable lawes of Lâ—…curgus The bringing vp of children The mariage of maidens Reâ—…erence vnto old age The deuise of Licurgus to make hys lawes eternall Licurgus vâ—… nisheth hym self to do hys couÌ„try good The waâ—…a of the Spartanes against the Meâ—…ans The original of the Partheniens Phalanthus The Parthe niens seke theÌ„ a newe dwelling place They place them selues in Italye The loue of Phalanthus toward his country Phaâ—…anthus is honoured for a God The Messeniens are subdued afterward doo rebell Tirteus bringâ—…th the spartanes in despaire The force of Poetrye The courage of the Messenians Occasyon of war betwene the
the temple of Haâ—…o in Egypt â–ª buyldeth the cytie Alexandria receyueth letters twyse from Darius and replyeth to thesame mourneth for the death of Darius wyse 〈◊〉 the thyrd letter from 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 thereunto 〈◊〉 Darius and 〈◊〉 the Monarchie of the 〈◊〉 with th empyre of Asia rewardeth his souldiers and fyndeth â—…eadyng riches in the cytie 〈◊〉 Da rius is bounde by his â—…wne 〈◊〉 found by a souldier half dead and sore wounded 〈◊〉 whome he 〈◊〉 his mynde and dyeth and Alexander causeth him to be 〈◊〉 accordyng to his estate The conteyntes of the twelueth Boke ALexander buryeth his souldiours sumptuously Agis kyng of 〈◊〉 maketh insurreccion in Grece and is 〈◊〉 â–ª Alâ—…xander kyng of Epyre warreth in Italy is 〈◊〉 to death â—…yron with his hoste is slayn by the Scythâ—…s Alexanders souldiours beyng in Parthia desyre to returne home he subdueth Hyrcanie and the mardes Thalestris Quene of â—…hamazones companyeth with Alexander he vsurpeth the maners of the Persians frequenteth feastyng licenceth his souldiers to mary their prysoners outrageth agaynst his noble menne conquereth the people that inhabite the foote of Cancasus in the which tyme Bessus that kylled Darius is brought bounde vnto him whome he deliuereth to be punished to Oxatres the brother of Darius he buyldeth Alexandria vppon Tanais kylleth Clytus at the table falleth in great dispayre for the same receyueth countries by composicion putteth Calisthenes and other noble men to death gyueth his souldiers syluer Bucklars entereth into Inde where a Quene called Cleophis yeldyng herself and her kyngdome vnto him recepueth it agayne at his hande ouercommeth kyng Porus. buyldeth two cyties subdueth fowâ—… Nacions is desyred by his souldieurs agayne to return home vanquisheth the Euâ—…ytes â—…ceyueth by coÌ„posicion the Gessones Asybanes conquereth the Ambres SycaÌ„bres is sore wounded in the citie of y â— Dpydrakes preserueth his host from poysoned woundes by thadmonishment of a dreame buyâ—…deth a Cytie in the mouthe of the ryuer Indus returneth to Babylon putteth the Lieuetenauntes of diuers countries to deathe punisheth a 〈◊〉 among his souldiers mourneth for the death of 〈◊〉 on enterteyneth thambassadours of Carthage Spayne Fraunce c. is poysoned by Antipater comforteth his souldiers makyng 〈◊〉 tumult for his death deliuereth his ryng to Perdiccas and dyeâ—… The contentes of the thirtenth Boke THe mother of Darius dyeth for sorrowe Aridens is made kyng th empyre is dâ—…utded among the noblemen of Alexander Thatheniens and Aâ—…tolians dryue â—…ntypater oute of Grece Perdiccas makeâ—…h warre agaynst 〈◊〉 kyng of Cappadocia the noblemen of Macedone fal at varians among themselfs the foundacion of the cytie 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 Perdiccas is hated for his pryâ—… and Eumenes wynneth two fieldes â–ª The contentes of the fourtenth Boke EUmenes preuenteth the policies of his enemies he is beseged by Aâ—…tigonus rescowed by Antipater resorteth to the Aâ—…gyraspides for succor is ouer come by Antigonus and is betrayed by his owne souldiers Cassander is made Regent of Grece the Lacedemonians enclose their Cytie with a wal Eurydice and Arideus are slayne at the commaundement of Olympias Cassander lykewyse putteth Olympias to death and â—…prysoneth the sonne of Alexander The conteyntes of the xv Boke THe Conquerours fall at debate for partyng of the pray the Abderties are dryuen out of their countrey with frogges myce Cassander putâ—…eth the sonnes of Alexander to death Ptolomy is vanquished on the sea by Demetrius Alexanders Lieuetenauntes proclay me theâ—…es kynges Lysymachus taketh part with Cassander agaynst Antigonus a discourse of the doynges of the sayde Lysimachus the wonderfull 〈◊〉 of Seleucuâ—… with his par takyng agaynst Antigonus and his conquestes in the East Sandrocotte deliuâ—…th the Indians from the subiection of Macedone and oppressed them with Tyrannie himself â–ª Antigonus is slayne his son Demetrius put to flight the Conquerors â—…al at barâ—…ans agayne among themselues and Cassander dyeth The conteyntes of the. xvi Boke â–ª THabominable murder of Antipater the sonne of 〈◊〉 for the which his brother Alexander proclayâ—…th warre agaynste him Demetrius slayeth Alexander and vsurpeth his part of Macedone Lysimachus yeldâ—…h vnto him the porcion of Antipater also Ptolomy Lysimachus Seleucus Pyrrhus yoine themselfes in league agaynst Demetrius Pyrrhus dryueth Demetrius oute of Macedone Lysimachus putteth his son in law Antipater to death in whome the house of Cassander is extincted Demetrius yeld â–ª th himself prisoner to Seleucus Ptolomy dieth debate falleth betweÌ„ Lysimachus Pyrâ—… he expulsâ—…th Pyrthus out of Macedone â–ª the buyldyng of the Cytie Heraciea in Ponâ—…us the gâ—…es of the Heracleans their courâ—…e towarde their enemies their miserable oppression by tyrannie the bolde enterpryse of Chion and Leonides and the death of them The conteyntes of the. xvii Boke THe horrible Earthquake in Hellesponte and Chersonesus the crueltie of Lysimachus to his owne children by thinstigacion of their â—…tepmother Arsyrice the last warre betwene the succâ—…ssoro of Alexander wherein 〈◊〉 is slayn by Seleucus who also within a while after is slayne by Ptolomy the kynges brother of Egypt Pyrrhus aydâ—…th the â—…tynes agaynst the Romaynes a discourse of the Realme of Epyre with a declaracion of thactes of the kynges thereof The contentes of the. xviii Booke PYrrhus 〈◊〉 the Romayns Mage Duke of Carthagbryngeâ—…h ayd to them and is sent home agayne the Romayues take a truce with Pyrrhus the whiche is â—…ynged by Appius Claudius â–ª Pyrâ—…us takâ—…th vppon him the kyngdome of Syâ—…l the foundacion of Sydon and Tyre with a declaracion of thâ—…re Histories Dydo buyldeth Carthage and sleath herself The Carthaginenses 〈◊〉 abhominable kynde of sacrifice they suâ—…er losse by warre and pâ—…ens Macheus Duke of Carthage 〈◊〉 hys owne 〈◊〉 winneth Carthage is accused of treason and 〈◊〉 put to death The conteyntes of the. 〈◊〉 Boke MAgo Duke of Carthage dyeth his sonnes Hasorâ—…ball Hamilcar succede the Carthaginenses are ouercome by the 〈◊〉 â–ª fres and pay the rent for their cytie sâ—…ill they make warre in Sardynia and Sycill themessage of the Ambassadours of Darius to the Earthaginenses the Afres are compelled to releace the rent â–ª the army of Hamilco perisheâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pescilent influence of the star res the remnant whereof he bryngeth home and kylleth hymself The contents of the. xx Booke DEnnys the elder dryueth the Carthagineâ—…ses out of Sycill and maketh warre in Italy a declaracion of the fondacion of the cyties in Italy the warres betwene the 〈◊〉 and the Locrenses the lyfe doctrine and death of Pythagoras Dennys is ouercomme by the Croteniens and concludeth a league with the Frenchemen the doynges of the Frenchemen in Italy Dennys re turneth into Sycill agaynste the 〈◊〉 and is slayn by his owne men The contentes of the. xxi Boke THe yonger Dennys exercyseth all kynde Tyranny is expulsed the realme exercyseth moste vnspeakable tyranny at Locres in Italy â–ª is dryuen from thence and taketh Syracuse Hanno goeth about to oppresse the coÌ„mon weale of Carthage is â—…rayed twyse and put to death Dennys deposeth
of her empyre but rather broughte her in greater admiration of all menne that she beynge a woman had surmounted in prowesse not only women but also men She buylded Babilon and enclosed it with a wall of brycke enterlayed with sand and Bytamen which is a kynd of slymye mortar yssuyng out of the ground in diuers places of that countrye Many other noble enterprises this Queene atchieued For beyng not content to maynteyne the state of th empyre and boundes of the same as her husbande lefte it vnto her she subdued Aethyop thereunto And besides that she made warre vpon Indie whereunto there was neuer any that durst geue the aduenture sauyng she onely and great Alexander At the last vnnaturallye desyryng to company with her owne sonne she was by him slayne whē she had reygned xlii yeares after the death of her husbande Ninus Her sonne Ninus beyng contented with the countreyes wonne by his parentes layeng asyde all Chiualrye and knighthoode as though he had chaunged nature with his mother was seldome seene of men but spente hys tyme among a sorte of women His posterity also followynge his example gaue aunswere to the people to ambassadours by messengers The Empyre of Thassirians whyche afterward were called Syrians continued 1300. yeres The last kyng that reigned amonge theym was Sardanapalus a man more vicious than any woman Unto whose presence Arbactus whom he had made lyeuetenaunt ouer the Medes beyng by long suyte had much intreataunce hardly at length admitted which thing was neuer graunted to any man be fore found him amonge a sorte of concubines spinning purple on a rocke in womans apparayle passyng all the womē there in softenesse of body and nycenesse of countenaunce and weyeng out to eche of them theyr taske At the whiche light Arbactus disdayning that so manye men shuld be subiect to such a woman and that so many valiaunte knyghtes and men of warre should be slaues to a woman went forth and tolde his peres what he had sene sayeng he coulde not fynde in his hart to serue and obey such a one as had rather be a woman then a man Whereupon the Lordes confedered them selues together and had him battell Who hearing thereof not like a man entendyng to defend his kyngdome but as women are wont to do for feare of death first sought a corner to hyde his head and soone after with a few and out of aray he came into the felde where beynge vanquished he retired into his pallace there makyng a great bonefire cast him selfe and all his ryches thereinto plainge the man in this only poynt After this Arbactus the worker of his confusion which before was lieutenaunte ouer y e Medes was instituted made kyng And he translated the empire frō the Assirians to the Medes In processe of tyme after many kynges by order of descent the kyngdom came vnto Astyage This man hauing done issue sauing one onely daughter dreamed that he sawe spryng out of her priuye members a vine whose braunches shadowed all Asia The interpretours of dreames and wonders beyng asked theyr iudgement and aduice in the matter made aunswere that hys daughter shoulde brynge hym fothe a nephewe whose greatnesse was by his vision declared before and that by him be should he deposed from his kingdome The kyng being not a litle abash◅d with this interpretacion maryed hys doughter neyther to a Noble man nor to one of his owne countrey least the nobilitie of the parētes should aduaunce encourage his nephewe to take much vpon him but vnto a man of meane estate and liuing of the countrey of Persia which in those ◅ayes was reputed as a base countreye and of no regard or estimation Neuerthelesse beyng not by this acte quite dispatched of the feare of this dreame he sent for his doughter beyng great with childe that as soone as she were deliuered he myght see the babe kylled ▪ Assoone as the childe was borne it was deliuered to be ◅layne vnto Harpagus one of y e kinges priuye counsaile Harpagus fearing that if after the decease of the kyng because he had no yssue male to succede him the kingdome should descend vnto his doughter she would reuenge the death of her chylde vpon him being a subiecte which she could not do vpon her father ▪ deliuered the childe to the kinges herman commaū ding him to cast it away By chaunce the verye same tyme the herdman him selfe had a sonne newlye borne Whose wife hearing of the casting away of the kynges childe earnestly besought her husbande to fetche the childe vnto her that she myght see hym The shepeherd ouercome with the earnest intreataunce of his owne wife returned into the wood where he founde a bytche geuing the childe sucke and defending it frō foules and wilde beastes Then beyng moued with pitie to see the bytche so naturall and pitifull he tooke vp the childe bare it home to his cottage the bitche folowing him egerlye all the waye Assoone as the woman tooke the babe in her armes he smiled and played with her as though he had knowen her and there appeared in him such a chearfulnesse as it were a certayne smiling and flattering countenaunce that she desyred the shepeherd herhusbande to cast awaye his owne childe and suffer her to bryng vp that in the sted of it such was the good fortune of the childe or els the hope that she of hym conceyued And so the destinye of the two children beyng chaūged the kinges nephewe was brought vp for the shepeherdes sonne and the shepeherdes sonne was cast away for the kynges nephewe the nources name was afterward called Sparcon bicause the Persiās do cal a bytche so in theyr language The childe beyng broughte vp amonge the shepeherdes was named Cyrus And in the meane tyme beyng chosen kynge amonge children as they were a playeng when in sporte he whypped suche as wer stubbourne agaynst him the parentes of the children made thereof a great complaynt to the kyng sayeng it stoode not with their honour that their children should be beaten like slaues of the kynges bondman The kyng sendynge for ◅he chylde demaunded of hym whye he dyd so He aunswered without any chaungyng of countenaunce at all for the mat ter that he had done as it became a kynge to do The kyng maruayling at his audacitye came in remembraunce of his dreame and the interpretacion thereof and so when bothe the countenaunce of the chylde and also his lykenesse vnto him selfe the time of his castyng away and the examinaciō of the shepeherd agreed in one he acknowledged him to be his nephewe And for bycause he thoughte him selfe dispatched of his dreame in as much as the childe had played the kyng among the shepeherdes the cruell hart that he bare toward the child was clerely thereby relented But to his frende Harpagus he became so deadly an enemy for sauing of his nephewe that to reuenge his
euerye man his weapon vnder his gowne went strayt to the pallaice where hauing slayne suche as withstoode theym they came to the place where the wyse men were who shewed well that they wanted no courage to defend them selues For they drewe their weapons and slew two of the conspiracye Neuerthelesse the other being mo in noumber caâ—…ght hold of them Of the whych Gobryas hauing one of the wyse meÌ„ fast in his armes perceiuing y â— his fellowes stayed their handes for doubt of stryking him through in stead of the wise maÌ„ bycause the matter was done in a darke place bad theÌ„ thrust theyr swordes into the wise man thoughe yt wer through his body Yet notwithstaÌ„ding his fortune was such that the wyse man was slayne and be escaped vnhurt The wysemen beyng thus slayne the noble men atteyned great honour renowne for recouering of the kyngdome but much more honoure did they atteyne in that wheÌ„ they were in controuersie for the kyngdome they could agree amonge theym selues For both in prowesse and eâ—…ate they were so equall that it shoulde haue bene a hard matter for the people to haue sayde whych of them was worthyest Therefore they inuentâ—…d a way among them selues wher by to commit the determinacion of theyr matter to God and good Fortune They agreed amonge them selues that at the tyme appoynted euery one of them shoulde come before the palace on horsabacke by the breake of the daye and be whose horse neyed first before the rising of the sonne shuld be kyng For the Persians beleue that ther is no god but the sonne and that horses are vnto hym hallowed There was among the conspiratours oâ—… Darius thesone of Histaspis that fayne would haue had the kyngdome if he had wyst howe to come by it To whom beyng sad and care full for the matter his horsekeper sayd sir if nothynge may hinder you but that be of good cheare and take no thought at aâ—… for the matter the day shal be yours Thereupon thâ—… night before the day appoynted he broughte hys maysters horse into the same place and there put him to a Mare thin kyng that for desire of the Mare the thinge woulde come to passe as afterward it did in dede The next morning euâ—…ry one of theym beyng come at the howre appoynted Darius horse knowyng the place of courage to the mare forthwith neyed alowde and the residewe beyng slowe first of all the company gaue his mayster a token of god lucke The rest of the lordes were of suche modestye that as soone as they heard the tooken of good lucke by and by they lept of theyr horses and saluted Darius by the name of king Al the peo ple also folowing the iudgement of the princes appoynted and tooke him for their kyng And so the kyngedome of the Persians recouered by the prowesse of seuen of the noblest men of al the realme was in the turning of a hand brought into one mannes hande agayne A manne woulde scarce be leue that suche great estates should ende so weyghty matter with suche reuerence and loue one to another Consideryng that they spared not their liues to wresse it out of the wyse mens handes Although to say the truth besides man hoode personage fauour and prowesse meete and worthy so great a kyngdome Darius was also neare of aliaunce vn to the auncient kynges of Persia. Therfore in the beginning of his reygne he tooke in mariage wyth great solemnitie and royaltie the doughter of kyng Cirus to th entent it might seme that the kyngdome was not so much bâ—…tow ed vpon a straunger as rather reduced and brought againe into the familie of Cirus Within a while after when the Assyrians had rebelled and taken the citie of Babilon the kyng being in a great rage by cause he could not deuise how to recouer the towne agayn one of them that helped to slea the wise men named zopyrus caused his body to be piteouslye torne al ouer with whipping at home at his owne house and his nose lippes and eares to be cutte of and in the same plyghte sodainelye came into the kynges preseuce whyche thought of nothyng lesse than suche a matter Darius beynge amased and demâ—…undinge who hadde so shamefullye mangled hym and vppon what occasyon he informed â—…ym secreatelye for what purpose he hadde done it and after â—…e hadde suffycyentlye and thorowelye establyshed hys purpose and taught the kyng how he would do he fled like a rennagate vnto BabiloÌ„ There he shewed the people his forne skinne and maymed face making exclamacion of the kinges crueltye through whoÌ„ he lost his parte of the kyngdome not by prowesse and manhoode but by lucke not by the iudgement of men but by the neyenge of a horse he couÌ„ sayled them to take warning by theyr frendes howe to beware of their foes he exhorted theym not to truste more to their walles than to their weapons and that they woulde geue him leaue to reuenge his displeasure vpon the kynge in their behalfe nowe while his anger was freshe in hys re membraunce He was well knowen among them all to be a noble man and a man of much prowesse and as for his cre dite they doubted not at all as whereof they thoughte hys woundes and wrongfull maymes to be a sufficient pledge and wytnesse Therefore by a common consent they made him a captayne who with a small band of souldiers twyse or thrise put to flyght the Persià s geuing way for the nones At the last being put in trust with the whole armye he betrayed it to the kyng and brought the cytie againe vnder his obeysance After this the kyng made warre agaynst the Scithians of the whych we will entreat in the next booke folyowing THE SCEOND BOOKE of Iustine EOr asmuche as we be come to the rehersall of the actes of the Scithians whyche were both great and honourable I htynke it good to entreate euen of theyr very originall begynnyâ—…g For their first begynnyng was no lesse famous than was the whole processe of their Empire neyther were the more renowmed through the chiualrye of theyr menne then through the prowesse of their women For where as their men were the founders of the Parthians and Bactrians theyr women founded the kyngdom of the Amazons so that yf a man consider and wey indifferently the doynges of the men and the doynges of the women together he shall not be able to iudge whether of them were worthier of renowne and honour The Scithian nacion hath euer bene counted of gretest antiquitye Aowbeit betwene theym and the Egiptians hath bene great strife a longe time as concernynge the auncientnesse of them both The Egiptians alledging that in the first begynnyng of thinges whereas some countreyes dyd so borne through the feruente heat of the Sonne and othersome to fryse through the excessiuenesse of the could that not onely they were not able to engender men but also not able
he should be compelled to desyre peace at their handes But Themistocles fearing least his enemies being stopped of their passage should tourn theyr despair into hardines and seing none other remedy make them selues way with their swordes told them that there were enemies ynough and to many all ready in Grece the nomber wherof ought not to be encreased by keping them against their wils ◅ut when he perceiued his counsel pre uailed not be sent the same seruaunt againe vnto Xerxes aduertising him of their entent purpose and willing hym to get him away with spede if he entended to eskape The king being striken in fear with this message deliuered his souldiers to be conueied home by their captains he with a few went toward abydos wher finding the bridge broken with the tēpests of the winter he feried ouer fearfully in a fishers bote It was a thing worth the beholding and as in consideration and valewing of mannes ◅ckle welth prosperity a thing to be wondred at to beholde him now lurking in a litle boat whome lately before skarse all the Sea was able to receiue and to se him destitute of all attendās seruice whose army by reson of the huge multitude therof was euen a burden to the earth Neither had the army whom he had assigned to captains any luckier or more for tunate iournying by land For besides their daily trauell as surely there is no rest to such as be in fear they were al so afflicted with hunger Furthermore the ◅ant of victels brought vpon them the pestilence by meanes wherof they died so thicke that the waies were couered with their dead carkasses in so muche that the beastes and foules allured with desire of pray followed the hoste In the meane tyme Mardonius toke Olynthus in Grece by assault Also he entreted with the Atheniens to sue to the kinge for peace and frendship promising to build vp their city which he hadde burnt larger and fairer then euer it was before When he saw they wold not sel their liberty for any worldly good he set on fire that which they had begō to build again from thence he passed with his army into Bo◅ thither folowed also the host of the Grekes which was a hundred M. men there was a battel fought But the chaunging of the captain chaunged not the kinges fortune For Mardonius being ouercōe eskaped with a few as it wer out of shipwrak His ◅entes replenished withall kinde of richesse after the princeliest sort that could be wer taken riffled Whervp on first of al among the Grekes when they had parted the gold of the Parsians among them grew excesse and riot By chaunce the same day that Mardonius host was destroyed there was another battell fought vpon the sea against the Persians in Asia hard by the mountaine Mycale Ther before the encounter as the two fleetes stoode in order of battaile one againste another a fame came vnto bothe the armies that the Greekes had gotten the vpper hande and vtterly slaine all Mardonius host So great was the swiftnesse of fame that the battel being foughte in Boetia in the mornynge by noone tidinges was broughte of the victorye into Asia ouer so many seas and ouer so muche grounde in so short a moment of time When the warres were fynished and that consultation was had how euery Citye shoulde be rewarded by iudgement of them all the Atheniens were demed to haue don mooste valiantlye Amonge the Captaines also Themistocles was by the verdite of all the Cities iudged chefe and soueraigne to the great renowne of his countrye The Atheniens therfore beinge increased as well in richesse as in honor began to builde their City new oute of the grounde When the Lacedemonians heard how they had enlarged the walles of their Citye and sette them further out then they were before they beganne to haue them in a gelowsye wiselye forecastinge what they were like to growe vnto hauinge ones made their Citye stronge and defensyble whiche by the decaye of their Citye had gotten so much as they hadde Wherefore they sent Ambassadoures admonishynge them not to buylde Fortresses for theyr ennemyes and holdes for the Warres that were lyke to ensue hereafter Themistocles perceiuing them to grudge and to repine at the raising of his city thinking that it stode him in hand to beware that he did nothing vnaduisedly answeared the ambassadors that there shuld certain go with them to La◅mon fully authorised to entreat and conclude with thē as concerning that matter So when he had dispatched the ambassadours of Sparta he exhorted his Citezens to make spede in their work and he him selfe within a while after went of ambassade In the which iourny what by faining him self sicke and what by putting fault in the slacknesse of suche as were in commission with him without whome he saide he was able to doo nothing by vertue of his commissyon he draue of still from day to day and all to th entent that they might haue leisure to furnish their woorke During which time it was reported at Lacedemon that the woorke went f◅r warde a pace at Athens Wherevpon they sente Ambassadoures agayne to see if it were so or no. Then Themistocles by a Seruaunte of hys sente a letter to the hyghe Magystrates of Athens willing them to hold the Spartane ambassadours in safe keping as pledges least otherwise then wel might be doon or committed against him at Lacedemon Then he wēt boldly before the Lacedemonians declaring that Athens was now throughly fortified and that it was able to withstand the force of enemies not only by the sword but also by the strengthe of their walles and if they entreated him otherwise then wel for the matter their ambassadors were kept as pledges for the same purpose at Athens Then he gaue them a great rebuke in that they soughte to make them selues strong and to obtain seueraignty not by their own power but by the weaknesse of their fellowes So beinge dismissed in manner triumphing ouer the Lacedemonians he was ioyfully receiued o◅ his own Citezens After thys the Spartanes least their strength shuld decay through idlenesse and to reuenge them selues vppon the Persians whyche twise before hadde made warre vpon the Grekes of theyr owne accord in◅aded the borders of their Empire They chose for captaine bothe of their owne army and of the army of the adherents one Pansanias who beinge not content with the Captainship but coueting in stede therof to make him self king of all Grece priuely conspired with Xerxes In reward wherof he should haue the kinges daughter in mariage and because the king should haue the more confidens in him he sent home the prisoners skot free without raunsome Moreouer he wrote vnto Xerxes that what messengers so euer he sent vnto him he shoulde putte them to death to the entent their purpose should not by talk be bewrayed But Aristides the
encounter in Wher being twise put to the wors at the third encounter he slue Lamachus put â—…is ennemies to flight and raised the siege But when gylippus perceiued that the Atheniens remoued from the lande to battell on the Sea he sent for the nauye of Lacedemon to aide him the which thing being knowen at Athens they also to supplye the rowme of the captaine that was slain sent Demosthenes and 〈◊〉 with a newe furniture of souldiers The Xeloponesians also by a common decree of all the Cityes â–ª sente great aid to the Syracusanes and all the power that either parte coulde make was sent thither as thoughe the warre had bene remoued oute of Grece into Sicilie Therfore at the first encounter vpon the Sea the Atheniens wer vanquished their tentes also with all their Treasure priuate and common were taken Besides al these mischeues wheÌ„ they were ouercome vpon the lande also then Demosthenes began to counsel them to depart out of Sicilie betimes before their matters which all ready were in great hasarde were not yet all together brought to vtter despaire Saying it was not good to peâ—…uer and lenger in the warre so vnluckely begone and that there was sorer and perchance more vnfortunate warre towarde at home in theyr owne countrye for the defence and withstandinge wherof That furniture of the City ought to be reserued Nicias whether it were for shame of his ill successe or for feare of his owne Citizens disapoynted of that they loked for or that hys destenye compelled him there vnto made all the meanes he might to abide still Whervpon eftsones was renued the warre by sea and for all the stormes of their former misfortune yet they toke courage to encounter againe But throughe the vnskilfulnesse of their captaines that set vppon the Siracusanes keping them selues in the straights they were lightly ouercome The captain 〈◊〉 fighting very valiantly in the foreward was the first that was slaine The xxx shippes wherof he hadde the charge were set on fire Demosthenes and Nicias beinge also vanquished did set their men a lande supposing by that waye the better to eskape The hundred and xxx shippes whiche they lefte behinde them Gylippus inuaded and afterward pursuing them as they fled some he slue and some he tooke prisoners Demosthenes when he had loste his armye deliuered hym selfe from bondage by wilfull sleing of him self with his sword But Nicias hauyng not the hart to doo by him selfe as dyd Demosthenes dishonourably encreased the slaughter of his men by yelding him self vnto shamefull captiuity The fifthe Booke VUhile the Atheniens warred in Sicilie by the space of ii yeares with more gredinesse then successe in the meane season Alcibiades the stirrer and chieftaine therof in his absence was accused at Athens to haue published the misteryes of Ceres and the night sacrifices done in her honoure whiche are by no meanes so highly solempnized as by silence And being sent for from the warres to aunswer to hys complainte whether his conscience gaue him to be giltye or that he could not abide such a reproche to his honor he made no woordes but went as a banished man to Elis. Afterward when he vnderstoode that he was not onlye condempned but also accursed by the priestes of all the orders of religion he wente to Lacedemon and there perswaded the king to warre vppon the Atheniens nowe auexed and troubled with their misaduentures in Sicilie Immediatly whervppon all the kingdomes of Grece gathered them selues together as it had ben to quench some common fire so great hatred hadde the Atheniens gotten through their vnmeasurable desire of bearing rule Darius also the king of Persians remembring the hatred that hys father and graundfather bare to this City entred in leage with the Lacedemonians by Tyssaphernes lieuetenaunte of Lydia and promised to bear the charges of the warre This was the pretence of entraunce in leage with the Grekes but in verye deede he doubted least when the Lacedemonians had ouercome the Atheniens they would set vppon him What wonder is it then if the estate of Athens were so flourishinge since that to oppresse that one Citye all the power of the whole East bent them selues together Yet notwithstandinge they were not as cowardes ouercome wythout great bloudshed but fightinge to the vttermost and some whiles also getting the vpper hand they were at lengthe rather by vnstablenesse of fortune consumed then by plain force vanquished In the beginning of the warre not so muche but euen their owne fellowes forsooke them as it is daily sene that wheras fortune semeth to fauor thither also do mennes harts encline Alcibiades also furthered this warre that was moued againste his countrye with all the power he might not like a common souldier but like a puissaunt captain For taking with him x. shippes he sailed into Asia and there by the authoritye of his name compelled the Cities that were tributary vnto the Atheniens to tourne to the Lacedemonians For they knew wel that he was a man of great power in his owne countrye and they thought he was not the lesse by reason of his banishmente supposing him not to muche to be taken from the Atheniens as to be deliuered for a captain to the Lacedemonians and so they set his winninges against his losses But amoÌ„g the Lacedemonians Alcibiades greate prowesse and â—…aliantnesse wan him more enuy then thank Therfore when the Princes laid wait secreatly to kill him by treason as an ennemye to their glory and renowne Alcibiades hauynge knowledge therof by the wife of king agis with whome he had committed aduoutry fled to Tissaphernes kinge Darius lieuetenaunt with whome through his curtesy and lowly behauior he quickly wound him self in For he was then in the florishing time of his youth and for his beautye personage and eloquence amonge all the Atheniens was none like vnto him But he was better in winning frendshippe then in keepinge because that euer at the firste vnder the faire shadowe of eloquence were cloked his euill manners and conditions Therfore he perswaded Tissafernes that he should not alow to muche wages and viand to the fleete of the Lacedemonians and that the Ionians ought to be called to part of the charges for whose libertye when they payed tribute to the Atheniens this warre was first begonne Moreouer that the Lacedemonians oughte not to haue to much helpe consideringe he prepared for another mannes victory and not for his owne wherfore the warre ought so farre forthe to be maintained that it be not broken vp for want of things necessary For as long as the Grekes were thus at debate amoÌ„g them selues the king of Persia shuld alwaies be an indifferent iudge bothe of peace and warre at his owne pleasure And he should ouercome them wyth their owne power whome he could not ouercome with all the power he was able to make of his owne And assone as the warre were
ended whiche waye so euer the gole went he should be compelled to haue warre with the conquerors Wherfore it wer good to suffer the Grekes to busy them selues in wasting their own country to the entent they haue no leisure to inuade forain countries To the performance wherof either parte oughte to be maintained in strength able to match his aduersari and the weaker to be aided with new succors For it was not to be thought that the Lacedemonians would be in rest if they might get the vpper hand considering they had professed and proclaimed them selues all redy the defenders of the liberty of Grece This Oration liked Tissaphemes very well whervppon he allowed them not so liberall expenses neither sent he forth all the kings flete least he shuld either geue them the victorye oute of hande or elsse constraine them to breake vp the warres In the meane season Alcibiades did thus muche for his country men that when the Atheniens sente their ambassadors vnto him he promised to get them the kinges fauor if so be it that the administration of the common welth wer remoued from the people and put into the senatours handes Hopinge there by that if the Citye agreed well he shoulde be chosen captaine of the warre by their common assent or els if there arose any variaunce betwene the two estates he shoulde be called to the ayd of the one part But the Atheniens seinge the daunger of the warre that they were wrapped in had more respect of their safegarde then of their honoure Therfore with the good wil of the people the gouernance of the common wealth was put into the hands of the senators The which because that through a certain pride natu rallye engraffed in that estate they dealed with the people â—…om what cruelly euery man taking vpon him to be a lord the souldioures called home the banished alcibiades made him admirall of the Sea Whervppon immediatly he sent woord to Athens that he woulde incontinently come thither with an host of menne and take the gouernment out of the CCCC Senatoures handes whether they woulde or no onlesse they surrendred it vp of their owne accorde before he came The greate menne of the City being sore froâ—…hled with this message first attempted to betraye the Towne to the Lacedemonians whiche thing being not able to bringe to passe they willinglye forsoke their Countrye and became as banished men alcibiades therfore hauinge deliuered hys countrye from inwarde sedition furnished his ships wyth all diligence possible and so proceded into warfare against the Lacedemonians Nowe Mindarus and 〈◊〉 the Captaines of the Lacedemonians with their shippes furnished likewise awaited his comminge The battell being soughte the victorye fell to the Atheniens In thys conflicte the greater parte of the armye and almooste all the captains of their enemies wer slain and lxxx shippes takeÌ„ Within a fewe daies after the Lacedemonians remouing from the Sea vnto the lande were eftsones in another encounter put to the worse The which discomfiture beynge greatly afflicted and discouraged they sued for peace The which was letted to be graunted through their mean es had aduaÌ„tage and gain by the warres In the mean season the Carthaginenses made war in Sicil by reason wherof the Siracusanes wer fain to call home their succors to defeÌ„d their own The LacedemoniaÌ„s being therby destitute of al aid comforte Alcibiades with his victorious nauye wasted and spoiled the coaste of Asia foughte battels in diuers places and euery wher getting the victorye recouered the Cityes whiche were tourned from the Atheniens and diuers he won of newe and subdued them to the dominion of the Atheniens also And so hauinge recouered his auncient renowne and honor in battel on the sea with thencrese and augmentation therof by his conquestes on the land he returned to Athens to the great reioycement of all his Citezens In all these battels were taken of their enemies two C. shippes and a great pray To beholde this triumphante retourne of the army all the people came out of the Citye by heapes praising highlye all the souldioures but in espetially wondring at Alcibiades On him all the City gased on him they earnestlye fastned their eies as thoughe they could neuer haue seene inough of him him they behelde as one sent from heauen and as it wer the victory it self they praised his noble actes done for his countrye no lesse extolling the thinges which he did against the same in the time of his banishment makinge his excuse them selues as that he did them in his anger and prouoked there vnto It is a meruelous thing to see that there should be in one manne suche power and valure as to be the onlye cause of the ouerthrowe of so mighty a kingdome and of the settinge vp of the same againe victory euer folowing that side that he tooke and that fortune should so wonderfully alwaies encline that way that he went Wherfore they honored hym not as a man but as a God they striued with them selues whether they had banished him more spitefullye or called him home again more honourablye They broughte theyr Goddes with them for ioy to welcom him home by which not long before they had accursed hym And whome of late they had forbidden all mannes help now and if they could they would haue set him in heauen Recompensing the despite with honour his harmes and losses with giftes and rewardes and his curses with blessings There was no wordes among them of the battels that he loste in Sicil but of the victories that he woâ—…e in Grece There was no speaking of the shippes that he hadde lost but of the shippes that he had taken The Syracusanes were forgotten and there was no talke but of his conquestes in Ionia and Hellespont Thus was Alcibiades neuer meanely hated nor meanely honoured and exalted of his country men While theese thinges were a doing amonge the Lacedemonians Lysander was made Captaine generall of the warres bothe by sea and by land and in steade of Tissaphernes Darius kinge of Persians hadde made his sonne Cyrus lieuetenant of Ionia and Lydia who aided the Lacedemonians in such wise both with men and mony that they doub ted not to recouer their former estate Beinge therfore thus encreased in strength and hearing that Alcibiades was gon into Asia with a nauye of a C. shippes whiles he was there wasting and spoiling the country which was grown riche by reason there had bene no warre of a long time be fore and toke no hede to his souldioures but suffred them for couetousnesse of booties to disperse them selues where they lifted as thoughe there had bene no treason to be feared they sodenlye came vppon them and assailed them ere they could gather them selues together And they made suche a slaughter amonge them as they were skatred that the Atheniens toke more losse and hurt in that one battel then they had done to their ennemies in all the
the conquerors Then they began the slaughter of the citizens at aicibiades least vnder pretens of restoring their liberty he might inuade the coÌ„mon wealth again For hauing intelligens that he was goyng towarde Art axeâ—…xes kinge of Persia they sent certaine after hym in post to cut him of by the way by whom he was ouertakeÌ„ But because they coulde not kill him openlye they set fyre on his chamber where he slept and burnte him vp quicke The tirauntes being deliuered oute of feare of this reuenger of his country with their slaughter extorcion and rauishmentes made euen a spoile of the miserable and wretched outcastes that were left in the City the whiche theyr doinge when they vnderstoode to displease one of their fellowes whose name was Tbemeranes to the terror of all the reast they put him to death Whervpon glad was he that might get himself out of the city insomuche that all Grece was ful of banished men of Athens and yet euen that one only reâ—…uge and comfort was taken from the poore wretches For the Lacedemonians had geuen straight charge commaundemeÌ„t that no city shuld be so bold as to receiue or harbrough the banished men of Athens Neuerthelesse they withdrew them selues al vnto Argos Thebes wheras they not only liued out of daÌ„ger During the time of their exile but also receiued hope of recouering their Country Ther was among the banished men one Thrasibulus a stout man one that came of a noble house who thinckinge that a man was bound to aduenture for his country sake thoughe it were to his own peril and ieoperdy of his life assem bled a company of his banished country men and toke the castle Phyle in the territory of Athens And he wanted not the fauour and helpe of certaine Cities that had pitye and compassion of their miserable estate and cruell handlynge For Ismenias the prince of the Thebanes although he could not aide them openlye with the power of his countrye yet notwithstanding he helped them with suche goodes as he had of his owne And Lysias an Orator of Syracuse being at the same time also a banished man sent CCCCC Souldioures well furnished at his owne proper â—…ostes and charges to the aid of the country of all eloquens therfore anon after was a sharpe encounter But forasmuchas the one part fought earnestly for the recouery of their country and the other parte negligently as they that 〈◊〉 for the 〈◊〉 of other mennes tiâ—… the 〈◊〉 were put to the worse and retiring into the City which they had in manner wasted and made desolate with their murderinges 〈◊〉 extortion and sacked it This done hauing all the Atheniens in a gelouly of treson they 〈◊〉 them euery one to remoue out of the city dwel in tharmes of the waâ—… that wer woken down defending their superiority doâ—…ions with souldiours â—…aunts Afterward they went about to corrupt 〈◊〉 promising to make him 〈◊〉 partaker of their Empire which thing wheÌ„ they could not bring to effect they sent for aid to the Lacedemonians at whose comming they made a new encounter In the whiche Critios and Hyppomaâ—…us the cruellest 〈◊〉 of them all were 〈◊〉 The residue also being vanquished when their army wherof the most part wer Atheniens fled toward the city 〈◊〉 callinge to them as loud as â—…e could cry demaunded why they should flie from him hauing obtained the victorye and not rather helpe him as the defendor and reuenger of the libertye of them all bidding them remember that his souldiours wer their owne neighboures and Citizens and not their ennemies And that he had not taken wepon in hande to thenâ—… to take anything from them being vanquished but to the entent to restore theÌ„ such things as haue ben taken froÌ„ them by others professing that he made war agaynste the 〈◊〉 and not against the city Moreouer he put them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 affinitye betwene them of their lawes of their rites ceremonies common amongst them of the felowship and coÌ„pany that had bene betwixt them in so many battels in times paste beseching them to haue pity vppon their banished countrye men And if they could finde in their hartes to â—…eare the yoke of bondage so paciently them selues he besought them to restore him his country and he would set them at liberty again He dyd so much with this perswasion that when tharmy was retur ned into the city they coÌ„maunded the xxx tirants to depart vnto Elâ—…sis and in their stead they substituted others to goâ—… the 〈◊〉 welth Who nothing abashed at the ensaÌ„ple of their predecessors fell to the same cruelty that they had exercised While these thinges wer a doing word was brought to Lacedemon that the Atheniens were very destrous of warre the which to represse they sent their kyng Pansanias who hauing compassion vpon the banished peo ple restored the wretched citizens to their country agains 〈◊〉 the x. tirants to remoue out of the City vnto Elensis to the reâ—…due of their company Peace being by this meanes established within a few daies after the Tirans disdaining as much the restitution of the banished citizens as their own deposinges banishment as though a nother mannes liberty â—…ad ben their bondage made war against the 〈◊〉 But as they came forth to commu 〈◊〉 as though they wold haue taken vpon them their preheminency souerainty again they wer by a policye taken 〈◊〉 a sacrifice for peace The people whiche they had coÌ„maunded out of the city wer called in again And so the city which was dispersed into diuers members was at length brought into one body corporation againe And to th entent no dissention might grow vpon things past they wer al sworn to forget and bury vnder fote all old debate grudge In the meane while the Thebanes and the Corinthians sent ambassadors to the Lacedemonians demauÌ„dyng their portion of the praise and botles taken in the warres wherof they had helped for their part to bear out the charges dangers Hauing denial of their requestes they dyd not immediatly proclaim open war against the Lacedemo nians but they conceiued suche an inwarde displeasure in their harts that it might wel be vnderstand that they mened no lesse to make war wheÌ„ they saw their time About the same time almost died Darius kyng of Persia leauing behinde him his two sonnes Artaxerxes and Câ—…rus He bequethed by his last wil vnto Artaxerxes the kingdom and vnto Cyrus the rities wherof he was that time ruler But Cyrus thought his father did him wronge in that bequest and therfore he coÌ„spired priuely against his brother 〈◊〉 hauing knowledge therof set for him and not regarding his counter fait pretence of innocencye nor hys fained excuses as that he was not priuy to the conspiracye bound him in fetters of gold and woulde haue put hym to deathe had not his mother letted him Cyrus
therfore being set at large prepared not warre as now anye more secreatly but openlye nor by dissimulation but by open de◅aunce and raised a great power bothe of his owne and of his frendes and complices as manye as he coulde hire for mony or for fauoure The Lacedemonians remembrynge that by his meanes they were greatly aided in their warres wyth the Atheniens like men ignorant against whom the war◅e was raised determined to sende aide vnto Cyrus when occasion shuld require seking bothe for thank◅ at Cyrus hand and also for pardon at Artaxerxes hande if he should get the victory in as muche as they had attempted nothing against him openlye But in the battell suche was their chance that the two brothers meting together encountred th one with thother wheras Artaxerxes was wounded by Cyrus but by the swiftnesse of hys horse he was deliuered from daunger and has brother Cyrus was ouerthrowen by the kings band and so slain And so Artax erxes getting the victory obtained the spoil of his brothers warre and his armye also In that battell there were x. M. Grekes that came to the aide of Cyrus the whyche in the winge wher they stede gate the vpper hand and after the death of Cyrus could neither be ouercome of so greate an host perforce nor yet be entrapped or taken by policy ◅ut in their retourne homewarde throughe so manye wylde and sauage nations so long a iourny defended them selues by their manhode and prowesse euen vnto the borders of their country The syxthe Booke THe Lacedemonians as the nature of man is the more they haue the more they couet not content that their power by conqueringe the Atheniens and annexinge their power to their owne was now doubled began to deuise how to attain thempire of all Asia the most parte wherof was vnder the dominyon of the Persians Therfore Dercillides being appoynted lieue tenant generall for these Warres when he sawe that he must haue to doo against two of Artaxerxes lieuetenauntes Pharnabazus and Tyssaphernes which had about them in a redinesse the whole power of the mightiest Countries in all the world he thoughte it good to make peace with the one of them The meeter for his purpose seemed Tyssaphernes a man bothe of more experience and actiuity then the other and also better furnished with the souldioures that belonged sometime to kinge Cyrus After communication had agrement was made vpon certain conditions that he shuld not intermeddle him selfe with the warres Pharnabazus being herewith agreued complained therof to the king their master declaring how he withstoode not the Lacedemonians by force when they entred into Asia but nourished thē there at the kinges charges and that he bargained wyth them to delaye the warres whiche they tooke in hande as though the domage therof should not equally redounde to the displeasure of the whole Empire He said it was an vnsemely thing that the warre was not gone through wythall but bought of and that the enemy was hired of for mony and not rather driuen away by dint of sword When he had by this complaint brought the king in displesure wyth Tyssaphernes he exhorted him to make his Admirall of the sea in steade of Tyssaphernes Conon of Athens who synce the the time he had in battel lost his countrye liued in exile at Cyprus For though the Atheniens were bereft of power and richesse yet notwithstanding their experience in ordering and guiding a nauy remaineth still vnto them And if one were to be chosen amonge them all there was not a better then Conon Herevpon he hadde deliuered vnto him CCCCC talentes with commission to make Conon admirall of the kings flete The Lacedemonians hauing intelligence hereof sent an ambassade to the king of Egipt requi ring him to send Hercymones to their aid with a noumber of ships Who sent them a C. galeis and DC bushels of corn Other of their confederates also sent them greate succors But vnto this great army and against so great a captaine there wanted a mete gouernor Therfore when as the con federates of the Lacedemonians demaūded to their graūd captain agesilaus at that time kinge of the Lacedemonians The Lacedemonians debated the matter a greate while whether they might make him lieuetenant general or no by reson of the aunswer of the Oracle at Delphos the effect wherof was that their Empire shoulde come to an ende at suche time as the royall estate halted for agesilaus was lame of one foote At the lengthe they determined that it were better for their king to hault in his goinge then the kyngdome to hault for want of a meete gouernoure When Agesilaus was sent into Asia with a great host of men I can not thinke that euer any couple of Captaines were so well matched together as they two wer For both in yeares in prowesse in counsel ▪ in wisdome and in pollicy they wer in maner all one and in honor for their enterprises they wer both a like And althoughe fortune had made them equall in all thinges yet she preserued eche of them vnconquered of other Greate was the furniture of them bothe to the warres and great were both their attempts enterprises But the souldiers of Conon raised a mutiny against him because the kinges lieuetenaunts before time had ben wont to abridge and defraud them of their wages Demaunding their duties so much the earnestlier in that they toke vpon them to serue in so greate warres vnder so noble a chiefetaine Conon therfore hauing long time sued in vayne to the kinge by his letters at the lengthe went vnto him him self Whose presence and speache he mighte not be suffered to come vnto because he would not worshippe him after the manner of the Persians Neuerthelesse he entreated wyth him by messengers lamenting that the warres of so rich a prince as he was shuld be forslowed for want of mony and that hauing as puissaunt an armye as his enemies had ◅e shuld be ouercome in richesse wherof he had more aboundans then they that he shuld be found weak in that kind of strēgth wherin he far exceded thē Wherfore he demaū ded to haue the disbursing of the mony him selfe because it wold be very pernitius hurtful to put the doing therof in to many mens hāds When he had obtaind the tresure he returned to his flete immediatly set his matters abroch Many things he aduētred valiātlye many thinges he at cheued luckely He wasted his enemies landes won their townes cities as a tempest bare down al things before him With which his doings the Lace being a fraid determined to cal home agesilaus out of Asia to the defence of his own coūtry In the mean seson Lisāder whom Agesilaus at his setting forth had substituted his vicegerent to defende the coūtry at home ▪ collecting a great nauy rigged furnished it withal the power he could purposing to try the fortune
This yere was notable not only because peace was so sodenlye made throughe all Grece but also because the same time the Citye of Rome was taken by the frenchmen But the Lacedemonians being now at rest lying in await for aduaÌ„tage â—…spying the Arcadians from home surprised their castle put a garrison of their owne men therin The Arcadians therfore with the helpe of the Thebaâ—…es came into the field well armed and in good aray to recouer that that they had lost by the sword In the which conflict Archidamus captain of the Lacedemonians was wounded who seing his men beaten downe as vanquished demaunded by an heralt to haue the deade bodies of such as were slain to th entent he might bury them For this is a token amoÌ„g the Grekes of geuing the victory with the which confession the Thebanes being contented blew to the retreit pursued no further with a few daies after neither party atteÌ„pting any displesure when a man wold haue thought they had ben at a truce as it were by a secret consent and agrement amoÌ„g them selues while the Lacedemonians wer busied in other warres against their neighbors the Thebanes vnder the conduicte leading of their captain Epaminondas purposed to haue won their citie ere they wer aware of it Where vpon in the beginning of the night they setforth as closelye as they coulde deuise toward Lacedemon But yet they coulde not take them vnwares For thold men other persoÌ„s vnmeâ—…e for the wars by reson of their yeres hauing vnderstaÌ„ding ofthapproche of their enemies armed theÌ„ selues met them in the very entrance of the gates against xv M. souldiers not aboue a C. old forgrown men put theÌ„ selues to thencounter So much corage strength doth the present sight of a mannes country houshold geue a man so much doth â—…he preseÌ„ce of things geue men 〈◊〉 stomackes theÌ„ the remeÌ„braÌ„ce of theÌ„ being away For when theysaw within what â—… for what they stode at defence they determined either to win 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 die A few old men therfore helde them playe whome ere the next morning all the youth they had was not able to withstand In that battell two of the captains of their enemies were slain In the meane while word was brought that agesilaus was come where vppon the Thebanes retired and it was not longe after but they encountred againe For the yong men of Lacedemon being incensed with the prowesse and valiaÌ„t demenor of the old men could not be with held but that they would nedes try the matter immediatlye in open field when as the victory was all ready the Thebanes And Epaminondas whiles he executed the dutye and office not only of a stout captain but also of a valiaunt souldiour was greuously wounded The which thing being hard of the one party was so striken in feare and the other partye for ioy was so amazed that bothe parties as it were by a peaceable consent departed the field Within a fewe daies after Epaminondas deceased with whom the strength of the common welth decayed For in like manner as if ye break of the edge of a wepon the rest of it is able to doo no great harme euen so this Duke being dead who was as it were the edge of the common wealthe of Thebes the strengthe therof was appalled and in manner dulled in so much that they semed not so muche to haue lost him as altogether to haue died with him For neither before this Dukes time atcheued they any notable conquest nor afterwarde deserued to be spoken of for any famous attempt by them accom plished but only for the slaughters that were made of theÌ„ So that it appereth manifestly that the glory and renown of his country did bothe spring vp with him and die wyth him And a manne is not able to iudge whether he were a better captain and souldiour or a better man of his liuing For alwaies he sought preheminence to his countrye rather then to him self and he was suche a sparer of monye that be wanted wherwith to bury him according to his estate And he was euen as couetous of praise as of monye For authority and offices wer laid vpon him euen vtterly against his wil. And he behaued him self in such wise in his authority that he semed not to receiue but rather to geue honor to the same Furthermore he was so studious of lerning so instructed in the knowledge of philosophy that it was a woÌ„der to se how a maÌ„ bred brought vp in lerning shuld come by such sight experience in feats of war Neither did his death dissent from this his trade of liuing For being brought into his tent half dead when he was come to him self again had receiued his speache he demaunded this one thing of such as stode about him whether his ene mies had taken his shield from him when he was felled or no when he vnderstode it was saued he commaunded it to be broughte to him as the partaker of all his trauels and glory he kissed it Then he enquired again which parte had won the field and hearing that the Thebanes had gotteÌ„ it he said all was wel and so as it wer reioysing for his couÌ„tries sake he gaue vp the ghoste By the deathe of this man the prowesse of the Atheniens also decayed For after the time that he was once gon whose fotesteps they wer wont to fo low now geuing the selues all together to slouth idlenes they lashed out the common reuenues not vpon ships and men of warre as they had don in times past but in feastful daies and holy daies in making preparation for pagiants enterludes gathering theÌ„ selues together into the theaters to behold the famous stage players Poets visitinge oftner the stage then the campe setting more by versifiers and oratoures then by Captaines Then the common tresure wherwith men of war and mariners wer wont to be maintained began to be deuided amonge the people of the city By meanes wherof it came to passe that whyle the Greekes gaue them selues to idlenesse The name of the Macedones which before time was â—…ile and obscure sproÌ„g vp and grew to great honour that Philip who was kept iii. yeres as an hostage at Thebes being enstructed in all feates of armes and cheualry by 〈◊〉 and the Peloâ—… after his returne into his country laid the kingdoÌ„ of Macedony as a yoke of bondage vpon the neckes bothe of Grece and of â—…sia The seuenth Booke MAcedonie in auncient time was called â—…inathia after the name of emathio king of the couÌ„try who was the firste that gaue anye notable profe of his prowesse in those parts As this country encreased slowly by little and little so the boundes therof were very narowe The inhabitauntes were called Pclascians and the Country it self Bcotia But afterwarde throughe the prowesse of the kinges and industry of the people first by subduinge theyr
neighbors and shortly after other forrain people nations thempire therof was dilated euen to the vttermooste borders of the East In the region of Peonic whiche nowe is a portion of 〈◊〉 raigned by report 〈◊〉 the father of astriopeus whose name we here spoken of in the battel of Troy among the chiefest and moste â—…aliaunt defendours of the Citye And on the one side of Hellespont in Europe raigned a kig called Europe Caranâ—… also with a great multitude of Grekes being commaunded by thaunswer of the Oracle to seeke an habitation in Macedony when he came into emathia following a heard of Goats that â—…ed out of the shour of rain entred wan the â—…eld of edissa ere the meÌ„ of the town perceiued his coÌ„ming by reson of the greatnesse of the storm whervpon calling to minde the answer of the Oracle by which he was commaunded to seke a kingdome wher gotes should be his guides he appoynted it to be the seat of his kingdom And euer after he obserued deuoutlyâ—… that whether so euer he led any hoste he woulde haue the same gotes before his standerde to the entent that as they wer thautors of his kingdom so might they be also as leaders in all his enterprises And in remembraunce of thys benefit he chaunged the name of edyssa and called it 〈◊〉 the people therof 〈◊〉 Afterward when he had expulsed Midas for he also held a parte of Macedonie diuers other kings in the stead of theÌ„ all he succeded alone â—…irst of al gathering knitting together soÌ„dry sorts of people made as it wer one entire body of Macedonie laid a strong fouÌ„datioÌ„ for his kingdom hereafter to grow vpon After him raigned Perdicas whose life was notable the warnings at his last departure which wer as thanswer of an oracle worthy to be remebred For when he drue toward his end by reason of age he shewed his sonne Argeuâ—… the place in the which he wold be buried willing not only his owne body but also all the bodies of theÌ„ that shuld succede him in the kingdoÌ„ to be buried in the same place prophecying before that as long as the bones of his posterity were buried there so long the kingdoÌ„ shuld coÌ„tinue in his line family And vpon this superstition it is beleued that his ofspringe failed in great Alexander because he chauÌ„ged the place of burial argeus hauing gouerned the kingdoÌ„ with iustice and loue of his people left to succede him his soÌ„ne Philip who being surprised by hasty death substituted his heir Europe a very babe But the Macedones wer at continuall debate strife with the Thracians Illyrians by whose warres as by daily exercise being hardened they grew so famous redouted in feats of armes that all their neighbours were afraid of theÌ„ The Illirians therfore despising thinfancy of the yong king assailed the Macedones with battel who be ing put to the worse brougbt forth their king in his cradel set him before the battel beginning the field new againe as thoughe they had bene vanquished before vpon none other occasion but because they wanted y â— good luck of their king in the battell thincking to get the vpper hand and it were for none other cause elsse then that vpon this superstition they had perswaded them selues they shoulde win Moreouer they had pity compassion of the infant whome it was none other like but they should make a captine of a king if they should happen to be ouercome In the meane season Darius king of Perfia beinge put to shamefull flighte and driuen oute of Sâ—…ythia because he wold not seme to be dishonored euery wher by his losses in the warres sent 〈◊〉 with part of his army to subduâ—… Thrace thother kingdoms of that climat among the which for the slender regard estimation therof he should take Macedonie for one who shortly executing his masters coÌ„maundement sent ambassadors to Amyntas king of Macedonie demaunding hostages for performance of the peace that shuld be concluded betwene theÌ„ But thaÌ„bassadors be ing gently enterteined as they began to be somwhat ouer come with drink desired Amyntas that forasmuch as he had made them such a suÌ„ptuous feast he wold also grauÌ„t them the rights duties of familiarity that is to say that theyr sonnes their wiues their daughters mighte come kepe them coÌ„pany at the banket for it was counted amonge the Persians as a sure token pledge of hospitality frendlye entertainment Who comming in to bear them company the Persians began to daly with more wantonly then was semely conuenient Wher vpon AlexaÌ„der the son of amino tas desired his father to haue respect to his age grauity to withdraw himselfe from the banket promising to fynde meanes to delay the dalians of his quests wel inough wheÌ„ â—…yntas was gone Alexander called out the women one by one as though it had ben to dresse attire theÌ„ more gorgeously so to bring them in again In whose sted he dressed in womens apparel he sent yong men commauÌ„ding them to represse the waÌ„tonnes of thambassadors with their we pons that they caried vnder their garmeÌ„ts The which being done al thambassadors killed Mogabyzus knowing nothing hereof when he saw his ambassadors returned not a gaine sent thither Bubares with a parte of his hoste as to a war so easy so mean as that he disdained to troble himself therwith least men should speke dishonor of him for fighting against so base vile a kinde of people But 〈◊〉 be fore the battel being taken in loue with Amintas daughter leauing of the warres solempniled the marriage laying a side all rancor and emnity ioyned him self in aliaunce with his enemy After the departure of Bubares out of Macedone the kinge Amyntas deceased Unto whose sonne successor Alexander this affinity of Bubares did great ple sure For by meanes therof he not onlye liued in peace all the time of Darius but also grew in greate fauor wyth Xerxes In so muche that when like a tempest he inuaded all Grece he gaue him the seniory royalty of al the couÌ„tries betwene the mountaines of Olympus and Hemus Yet notwithstanding he enlarged his kingdom as much by his own prowes as by the liberality of the Persians At leÌ„gth by order of succession the kingdom of Macedone cam vnto Amyntas the sonne of his brother Menelaus This man al so was notable for his actiuity and endowed with al royall and warlike qualities He begate of his wife Eurydice thre sonnes AlexaÌ„der Perdicas and Philip the father of great Alexander and a daâ—…ghter named Euryone And of a nother wife called Cygea he engendred Archilaus Aridens 〈◊〉 who had sore warres first with the Illyrians and after wyth the Olyntâ—…ans But he had ben cut short by the treson of his wife Eurydice who concluding priuely a mariage wyth her sonne
punishment therfore For the youth of the City being put to the sword ther remained none but a sorte of women and children and olde folke which as they were feble so were they able to doo no harme the which notwithstanding had bene so vexed with rauishmēts and other displesures and reproches that they neuer felt thing so bitter to them in all their liues Wherfore he made intercession not for his Citezens wherof ther were so few left but for the innocent soyle of his countrye and for the towne it self which had brought vp and engendred not only men but also Goddes Moreouer he alledged a priuate superstition to entreat the king withal how that Hercules was borne among them from whome the house of the A◅acides do fetch their petigry and howe that hys father Philip passed his childhode at Thebes beseching him to spare that City whiche honoured some of his auncestors that were borne among them as Gods and had sene some other of them that were brought vp among them ryse to the royall estate of kinges But the wrathe was greater then that any entretaunce could preuaile The Citye therfore was rased the landes d◅uided among the conquerors the prisoners sold vnder a garland whose price was set not to the aduauntage of the biers but according to the hatred of thenemies The Atheniens thought it a miserable sight and therfore they opened their gates for the refuge of such as eskaped by flying contrary to the kinges prohibition The which doing Alexander toke so greuously that at the seconde time when their ambassadors came to entreate for peace again he remitted their offence vpon condition they shuld yeld into his hands their captains and orators vpon trust of whom they did so often rebell The Atheniens being redy to fulfil his commaundement because they wold not be constrained to haue warre with him the matter was brought to this issue that they should kepe still theyr orators and banishe their captaines who incontinently taking their way to Darius did not a litle encrease y ◠strength of the Persians When ◅e shuld setforth toward y ◠warres in Persia he put to death all his mother in lawes kinsmē whom Philip had aduaunced to great promotions made rulers of coūtries neither spared he such of his own kinred as semed mete to bear rule least any occasion of rebellyon shuld remain in Macedone while he was making warre a far of Such kings also as wer tributaries y ◠wer of any wis dom and pollicy he toke with him to the warres leauing y ◠old men to gouern his kingdō at home Then when he had gotten his men of war together he fraighted his ships and embarked his host Out of y ◠which beholding Asia a far of he was wonderfully enflamed in his corage made xii altares to the Gods as a vowe for prosperous successe in hys warres All thinheritans y ◠he had in Macedone Europe he parted among his frends saying y ◠Asia was inough for himself Before y ◠any sail departed fro the shore he slue sacrifices making his prayer for victorye by battell as by the which he was left to be the reuenger of Grece so oftētimes before assailed of the Persians whose monarch had cōtinued now long inough was come to his perfect ripenesse therfore it was high time for other to take the roum that could serue the turne better Neither was his army of lesse courage then the king him self For they al forgetting their wiues children and y ◠they shuld make war far frō home made as sure accōpt of the gold of the Persians and of the richesse of the whole East as if it had ben their owne al redy thinking nothinge of the daungers of the warre but of the great richesse Assone as they were come to land Alexander first of all threw a dart as it wer into his ennemyes land and in his armor lept out of his ship in maner of dansing and so killed his sacrifices praying the goddes y ◠those countrics might willinglye receiue him as their kynge In the same place also he did obsequies at the tombes of them that were slain at the battel of Troy Then soughte he for his enemy straightly charging his Souldioures that they made no wast in the country of Asia saying it was but reson to spare that that was their own and y ◠they ought not to make hauock of those things that they came to possesse In his army wer two and xxx thousand foote men iiii ◅ and v. C. horsemen and a C. foure skore and two ships It is to be doubted whether it were more to be wondred at that with so small a handfull of men he conquered y ◠who le world or that he durste ones geue thenterprise to attempt it considering that to so dangerous a warfare he chose not lusty yong men and such as wer in the flour of youthe but old worn souldiers and such wherof many by reson of their yeres wer priueledged exempted from the wars whiche had serued vnder his father and vnder his vncles so that a man would haue thought he had not picked out souldiers but rather masters of cheualry ◅oreouer none hadde the leading of any band that was not lx yeares old So that if ye had beheld the chief officers of his campe ye wold haue said ◅e had sene the senate of some auncient cōmon welth Therfore there was no man that thought of rūning away but of getting the victory nor there was not anye that put his trust in his legges but in his armes On the other side Darius king of Persia trusting in hys own strength wold do nothing by pollicy affirming that it was not beseminge for him and his to deuise with them selues to steal the victory nor yet to keepe his ennemy out of the borders of hys kingdom but rather to receiue him into the bowels of hys realme thincking it should be more to his honor to expulse ◅im perforce then not to suffer him to enter The firste encounter therfore was in the plaines of adrast In the hoste of the Persians were DC M. fightinge men the which being vanquished as muche by the pollicye of Alexander as by the puissaunce of the Macedones tourned their backes and fled Great therfore was the slaughter of the Persians Of Alexanders hoste wer slain ix footemen and a C. and xx horsmen Whome the king the more to encourage the residue of his souldioures sumptuously buried and set vp their Images on horsback on their tombes and gaue great fraunchises and priuiledges to their kinsfolke After this victory the more parte of Asia fel vnto hym He fought many battels also with the lieutenants of Darius whome ◅e now vanquished not so muche by force as with the terror of his name While these thinges were a doing in the meane time Alexander was informed by the confessyon of a prisoner that Alexander of Lyncestes the
sonne in law of antipater whome he had left his vicegerent in Macedone went about to worke treson against him For which cause fearing that if he should put him to death there wold rise summe commotion in Macedone he put hym in safekeping This doone he marched towarde the citye Gordis the which is situate betwene the greater and the lesser Phrygia The desire that Alexander had to get this city into his possession was not so muche for the spoyle of it as for because he hard say that in that City in the temple of Jupiter was the yoke of Gordius waine the knot wherof whosoeuer could vndoo should be king of all Asia as the auncient Oracles had prophesyed The occasion and originall hereof was this As one Gordius was going to plough in the country with Oxen that he had hired birdes of all sorts began to flie about him Whervppon as he went to aske counsell of the Southsayers of the city therby in the gate he mette with a maid of excellent beautye and demaundynge of her what Southsayer he were best to goo to When she heard thoccasion wherfore he woulde aske counsell beinge seene her selfe in the science by thenstruction of her Father and mother she answered that it meaned he should be a kinge and there vpon offred her selfe to be his partaker bothe of wedlock and of the kingdom y â— was behighted He thought himself happy to haue suche a faire offer at the first entrye of his kingdome After the marriage the Phrygians fell at discord among them selues And when they asked counsell of the Oracle how they mighte bringe it to an end answer was made that they could not end their controuersies with out the healpe of a king Demaunding again as touchinge the person of their king what manner of man he should be commaundement was geuen them to marke whom they saw first after their returne ridinge into the temple of Iupiter in a cart and to take him for their king The first man that they met was this gordius where vppon immediatlye they saluted him by the name of king The cart whâ—…rin he rode when the kingdome was laid vppon him he set in the temple of Iupiter and consecrated it for an offeringe as kinges are wont to doo at their coronation After this man raigned his sonne Midas who being traded vp by Orpheus in manye superstitious Ceremonies filled all the realme full of sectes of religion by the whyche he liued more in safegarde all his life then by his chiualry Alexander therfore hauinge taken the Towne when he came into the temple of Iupiter immediatlye enquired for the yoke of the Waine the whiche being broughte before him when he sawe he coulde not finde the end of the thonges that wer bidden within the wrethes constraining the Oracle to the vttermooste he cutte the wrethes a sonder with a sworde and so when he had losed the wreathes he found the endes of the knottes wythin the braides As he was a doing this tidinges was broughte him that Darius approched with a great hoast of men Whervpon fearyng to be enclosed within the straightes he passed the mountaine Taurus with all spede possible in the whiche haste he ran CCCCC furlonges When he came to Tarsus beinge muche delighted wyth the plesantnes of the riuer Cydnus which runneth through the mids of the city he cast of his harnesse and full of duste and â—…wet as he was threw him self naked into the cold wa ter wherwithall suche a nomnesse and stifnesse by and by strake through all his finewes that he lost his speche in so much that men thought he should not only neuer recouer it but also loked he shuld haue died presently Onlye there was one of his Phisitians named Philip which wold take vpon him to warrant to make him whole again And yet the same Phisition was had in great mistrust by reason of the letters sent the daye before oute of Cappadocia from Parmenio Who knowing nothing of Alexanders mischaunce wrote vnto him to beware of Philip the Phisition for he was corrupted by Darius for a great summe of mony Yet notwithstanding he thought it more for his safegard to coÌ„mit himself to the phisition though he more then halfe suspected him of treason then to abide the daunger of his disease wherof ther was no way but death Therfore be toke the drinke that the Phisition had made him and deliuered him the letter and as he drank he beheld his face stedfastly to se what countenance he wold make at the reding of it When he sawe him vnabashed he was glad of it and the iiii day after recouered his healthe Darius therfore wyth CCC M. fotemen and a C. M. horsmen proceded into battel This huge nomber of his enemies somwhat moued Alexander when he beheld howe fewe in respect he had hym self But then again he called to minde what great enterprises he had atcheued how mighty countries he had sub dued with that smal nomber Wherfore when hope had ex pulsed fear he thought it daungerous to delay the battell And to th entent his men shuld not be discoraged he rode a bout from band to band with sondry orations spake vnto eche kinde of people He encoraged the Illirians 〈◊〉 with promesse of richesse and substance The Grecians he set on fire with putting theÌ„ in mind of their batels in time past of the continual hatred that they had with the Persi sians The Macedones he admonished of Europe by theÌ„ all redy coÌ„quered of Asia now chalenged bosting of theÌ„ that there wer not y â— like men of power strength as they wer in al y â— world Of al which their trauels this battell should be y â— final end to their high renown estimatioÌ„ As he had said these words he coÌ„mauÌ„ded his battels to staÌ„d stil again to th entent y e by this pausing they might enure theÌ„ selues to behold y â— huge noÌ„ber of their enemies with opeÌ„ eies Da rius also was not behinde the haÌ„d in ordring of his battels For wheras it beloÌ„ged to the duty of his captains to haue don it he weÌ„t himself in proper person froÌ„ rank to raÌ„k exhorting theÌ„ al to play the men putting the in remeÌ„braÌ„ce of thanciet renown of the PersiaÌ„s of the perpetual possession of thempire geuen theÌ„ by the gods immortal This don both tharmies with great corage buckled together In the which battell both kings wer wouÌ„ded the victory huÌ„g in doutful balaÌ„ce so loÌ„g vntil Darius forsoke the field Then ensued the slaughter of y â— Persians ther were slain of fotemeÌ„ lx one M. of horsmen x. M. and xl M. wer taken prysoners Of the Macedones wer killed a C. xxx fotemen a C. l. horsmen In the teÌ„ts of the Persians was fouÌ„d much gold other riches AmoÌ„g others wer takeÌ„ prisoners Dari us mother his wife which also was his sister and ii of hys daughters WhoÌ„ when
countries all readye after a sort embrasinge in theyr mindes their wiues and children Alexander sommoned his souldiers together perswading with them that al those battels were to no effect that were paste if the barbarous nations of the East should eskape vntouched for he desired not Darius body but his kingdome and all suche ought to be pursued as forsoke their obedience to the kingdome When he had by this oration quickned the mindes of hys souldioures a new he subdued Hyrcanie and the Mede◅ In y ◠same countrye met him Thalestris otherwise named Mynoshaea the Quene of the Amazones with CCC M. womē whiche had come a xxv daies iourny through the sauage countries and through the middes of her ennemies of purpose so haue issue by Alexander The sight comming of whom was wondered at both for the straūge attire of the womē and also for the request that they made to companye wyth Alexander his men For this occasion wer xxx dais spent in idlenesse whē she thought her self with child she depar ted home again After this Alexander as though he hadde had made himself subiect to their lawes customes whom he had vanquished tok◅ vpon him thattire and diademe of the kings of Persia which thing was neuer known amōg the kings of Macedone before that time And because they shuld not disdain him y ◠more for doing these things alone to th entent he might counterfet the Persians aswell in excesse of apparel as in excesse of fare he also commaūded hys frends to wear lōg robes of cloth of gold of skarlet More ouer he spent the nights in daliance among the kings cōcubines which wer women of most excellent beuty eft with one and eft with another as their turnes came about And for fear least through wāt of delitious fare he shuld not be able to hold with his venerus daliāces pastimes he made sumptuous feasts bankets and thervnto deuised princely showes pageants quite forgetting y ◠by suche meanes riches are wont to be consumed wasted not gottē or preserued Upon this his doing arose a great grudge through al the camp y ◠he held so sore degenerate frō his father Philip y ◠in manner he disdained ones to heare his country named shuld take vpon him the maners customes of the Persians whō for such maners customs he had subdued But for because he would not seme to haue yelded him self to the vices of them whōe he had subdued by battell alone he gaue his souldiers licens if any of thē wer delited with the cōpany of their prisoners to mary them to their wiues thinking that they would haue lesse minde of home if they had in their tents as it were an image or representation of their houshold gods dwelling places also that thei wold make les accōpt of their trauel in y e warres for the delite plesure they had in their wiues Besides this he thought y ◠Macedone should not nede to be spent so muche in sendyng forth soldiers to supply the nomber of them that wer slam If the yong nouices might succede the old and expert souldiers their fathers learning to playe the men of war euen in the same trenche that they were born in And that they should proue the bolder and hardier if they were not onlye trained vp to the Warres but also broughte vp from the shel in the camp The which custome remained also among the successors of Alexander Therfore there was a stipend appoynted to finde the Children with all and when they came to mannes estate they had apparel of house and harnesse geuen them and the fathers had wages alowed thē according to the nomber of their sonnes If any of their fathers died or were slain the Orphanes neuerthelesse toke their fathers wages whose childhode amonge so many viages was euen a very warfare For being from their tender yeares endured and hardened with continuall trauell and pearils they made the host inuincible accompting the campe for noone other then their countrye nor the battell for anye other then their assured victorye The people that were thus begotten were called Epigones Afterwarde when he had conquered the Parthians he made ruler ◅uer them one of the mooste noble men of all Persia named Andragoras from whome the kings of Parthia did afterward descend In the mean seson Alexander began to outrage with his own men not like a king but like an enemy In especially it displeased him that some of them tolde him and rebuked him for breaking the customes of his offences the ancient father Parmenio next vnto the king in estate and dignity with his sonne Ph◅otas after inquisition had vpon them were bothe put to death Whervppon al the campe began to be on a rore bewailinge the mischaunce of the innocent old man and his sonne not letting sometime to saye that it was not for them to loke for any better The whiche thinges when they came to Alexanders eare fearing that if the brute hereof should be blowen into Macedone the glory of his conquests should be distained with the spot of cruelty he made as thoughe he were minded to send certain of his frends into Macedone to beare hōme tidings of his conquests exhorting his souldiers to wryte to their frends for it wold be long or they had the like occasion again because they should make warre further of The whiche being doone he caused the packets of letters to be brought priuely vnto him by the whiche vnderstanding euerye mannes iudgement of him he put all those together into one band that had any ill opinion of him entending either to consume them by battel or els to distribute them in to new townes that he purposed to build in the vttermoste partes of the world Then he subdued the Dracans the Euergets the Parimans the paropamissadanes the Hydaspians and the other kindes of people that inhabite the fote of Caneasus In the meane time was broughte vnto him faste bounde Bassus one of Darius frendes who had not only betraied the king his master but also slain him Whom in reuengement of his traiterous act he deliuered to Darius brother to punish him as he thought good accompting not Darius so much his enemy as the frend of Darius that had slayne his own master And to th entent he might leaue his name behinde him in those countries he builded a City vpon the riuer Tanais and named it Alexandria the wall whereof beinge vi miles in compasse he finished within xvii daies remouinge into it the people of iii. other cities that Cyrus had builded Amonge the Segdians and Bactrians also he builded xii cities destributing into thē all such as he knew to be seditious personnes in his hoste These thynges thus brought to passe vpon a certain solempne holye day he bad hys frendes to a feast wher after the time they had taken in their cuppes mention being made
in armour in the field by the consente of them all he called certaine seditious personnes oute of euerye bande and caused them priuelye to be put to death The whiche done he returned againe and deuided the prouinces amonge the princes to the entent he myght send out of the way suche as wer his backe frendes and al so make them all to thinke that it was throughe hys goodnesse that they obtained suche authority First of all Egipt with a part of Affricke and Arabie fell by lot vnto Ptolomy whome Alexander for his manhode and valia◅tnesse had promoted from a raskall souldioure And to pntte him in his office was appoynted Cleomenes which builded Alexandria The next prouince adioyninge thervnto which was Syria was cōmitted to Laomedō of Mytilene Phylotas his son toke Cylicia Sclauonie Ouer the greater Media was made ruler Acr◅pat ouer the lesser Alcet the brother of Perdicas The country of Susa nie was assigned to Syno the greater Phrygia vnto Antigonus the son of Philip Learchus chaunced by lot vpon Lycia and Pamphylia Cassander vpon Caria and Menan der vpon Lydia Unto Leonatus happened the lesser Phri gia vnto Lysymachus Thrace the countries bordering vpon y ◠sea of Pontus Cappadocia with Paphlagonia wer geuen vnto Emnenes The marshalship of the campe fortuned to Seleuchus the sonne of Antiochus Cassander the sonne of Antipater was made captain of the kings garde In the further Bactria and in the countries of Indie the former lieuetenants wer cōmaunded to kepe their offices stil sauing that Taxilles had the gouernaunce of all y ◠lays betwene the two riuers of Hydaspes and Indus And that Phyton the son of Agenar was sent to haue the rule of the new townes that were builded in Indie Ariarches tooke vpon him the gouernment of the Parapomenians people that inhabite the vttermost parts of the mountain Cancasus Statener toke to gouern the Dracans and Argeans Amyntas the Bactrians Scythens obtained the Sogd◅ās Nicanor the Parthians Phillip the Hyrcanians Phrataphernes the Armenians Neoptolemus the Persians Pēcestes the Babylonians Arthius the Pelasgians and Archesilaus Mesapotamia This pertition like as it chaunced to euery one of them as his fatall charge so was it vnto ma nye of them the grounde and foundation of their encreasement and prosperity For ere it was any longe time after as though they hadde deuided kingdomes and not lieuetenauntships so being made kings of lieuetenaūts they not only got greate richesse to them selues but also lefte them to their posterity While these things were a doing in the Ea◅te the Atheniens and the Aetolians renued y ◠warres in Grece withall the power they wer able to make which they had all redy begon while Alexander was aliue The occasion of this warre was because that Alexander at hys retourne from Inde wrote his letters into Grece by the whiche all suche as were banished out of their natiue coun tries of what city so euer they were suche as were attainted of murder onlye excepted were restored to their countries againe The which being openly red in the presens of all Grece at the marte of Olympus caused much busines because that diuers of them were banished not by order of law but through discord and partaking of the princes fearing y ◠if they shuld be reuoked again they might bear grea ter sway autority in the common welth thē they Whervpon euen then many cities murmured saying opely that it wer mete to set them selues at liberty by the sword But the chefe doers and ringleaders in this quarell wer the Atheniens and the actolians Wherof assone as alexander had knowledge he enioyned his confederates to finde hym a thousande gallies to make warre withall in the West pur posing by the way to make a rhode againste athens and to destroy it vtterly The atheniens therfore hauinge raysed an army of thirty thousande souldiers two hūdred ships made warre with Antipater to whome the gouernmente of Grece fel by lot whom for as much as he durst not geue them battel in the field but kept himself within the walles of the city Hiraclea they besieged The very same time De mosthenes the orator of athens who beinge before banished his country for his offence in taking a bribe of Harpa lus that fled for fear of alexanders crueltye because he had moued the city to warre againste him by chaunce liued as an outlaw at Megara hearing that the atheniens had sent Hyperides of ambassade to moue the Pelopomiesians to take their part in these warres folowed him and with hys eloquens perswaded Sycion argos and Corinthe and all the other cities to ioyne them selues with the atheniens For the which his doing the Atheniens sent a ship for him and called him home out of exile In the meane season at the siege of Antipater Leosthenes captaine of the Atheniens was slaine wyth a Darte throwne at him from the wall as he passed by The which thinge gaue suche encouragemente to Antipater that he burste open his barriers and aduenture into the Trenche of his enemies Neuerthelesse he was fain to send his messengers to Leonatus for succour The Atheniens hearing that he was comminge towarde them with an hoste went to meete him in order of battell where amonge the horsemen he receiued so sore a wounde that he died for thwyth Antipater allbeit he sawe his reskowes put to flyghte yet notwithstanding he was gladde that Leonatus was dead For by meanes therof he was bothe rid of a backe frende and also encreased in strengthe by attaininge of his hoste Therfore assone as he had receiued his armye being nowe able to matche with his ennemies in plaine field they raised their siege and he departed into Macedone The Grekishe hoste also hauinge driuen the enemy oute of the borders of Grece went home euerye man to his owne citye In the meane while Perdicas making warre againste the innocent Ariarathes king of Cappadocia and gettinge the vpper hand in the field won nothing therby but woundes and pearils For his enemies retiring out of the battel into the city slue their wiues and children and set their houses and all that euer they had on fire Moreouer when they had throwen there into all theyr richesse they caste them selues also hedlong after them to the entent their enemy hauing gotten the victory shoulde enioy nothing of theirs more then the beholdyng of y ◠fire After this to th entent that to thestablishment of his strēgth he might get himself thautority of a king he entended to mary Cleopatra the sister of great Alexander and some time the wife of the other Alexander not without the con sent of her mother Olympias But first of al he coueted to surprise antipater vnder pretence of ioyninge aliaunce with him And therfore he pretended to desire his Daughter in mariage to th entent he might the more easly obtain a sup plement of yong souldiers oute of
〈◊〉 y â— fields of Heraclea lost hys ships y â— he left at rhode w t the greater part of his armye by force of a sodain teÌ„pest y â— put them al to wracke Therfore wheÌ„ he could not return by sea hauing lost his ships nor durst return by laÌ„d with so slender a coÌ„pany through so many sauage nations the Heracliens thinking it more honor to vse this occasion to shewing geÌ„tlenes then to re uengemeÌ„t furnished theÌ„ with victels safe condited theÌ„ home making accompt y â— the wasting oftheir couÌ„try was wel bestowed if they might therby win their enemies to be their frends AmoÌ„g many other euils they suffred also tirannye For when the common people vppon â—… wilfulnesse outragiously and importunately exacted to haue all dettes clerely released and the landes of the richmen par ted among them the matter hanging longe tyme in question in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and commâ—…n iudgemente place and after that of Epaminondas captain of Thebes againste the comminalty that were growen to such a welthines throughe ouer much ease and idlenesse But hauinge denyall at both their handes they wer faine to flie for succor to Clearche whome they them selues hadde banished before So great an ertremity did their calamities driue them vnto that whome they had erewhile forbidden his country eueÌ„ him were they faine to call againe to the defence of the same But Glearche beinge by his banishmente made more wicked then he was before and takinge the dissention of his country men as a mete accasion for him to vsurpe and make himself king firste of all commoned priuelye wyth Mythridates the ennemye of his Citezens and entringe in league with him compounded that when he were called againe into his country he should betray the citye to him and he to be made chiefe ruler of it for his laboure Yet afterward the treason that he hadde purposed agaynste hys country he turned vppon Mythridates him selfe For when he was retourned out of erile to be as an indiffereÌ„t iudge for the determination of ciuil controuersies the same time that he had appoynted to betray the town vnto Mythridates he toke him and his â—…rendes and for a great summe of mony let him go again And like as towards him he made him self of a frend a sodain enemy euen so of a defendour of thestate of the senate he sodainly became a protector of the comminalty and against the authors of his power preheminence by whome he had beene reuoked into hys country by whome he had bene placed in the toure of hys royalty he not onlye incensâ—…d the commons but also exercised all kind of most vnspeakeable tiranny and crueltye For he sommoned the people together and told them that he woulde not anye more assist the senators vsynge them selues so rigorously againste the comminaltye but that he would rather be a meane betwixt them if they continued in their accustomed tiranny and if they thought them selues able to make their party good against the crueltye of the senatoures he would depart with his men of warre and not entermedle himself in their ciuil discordes But if they distrusted their owne strength they should not wâ—…t his helpe for that that he was able to doo for them And therfore aduise them selues whether they were better to bid him goo his way or to tary as a partaker and supporter of the quarell of the commons The comminaltye being stirred with this talke made him their chiefe gouernour and so while they were offended at the authority of the senate they yelded them selues with their wiues and children in bondage vnder the subiâ—…ction of a Lordlye tiraunt Clearche therfore apprehended lx of the senatours for all the â—…est were fledde and cast them in prison The people reioysed to see the Senate destroyed and that in espetially by the captain of the Senatours and that contrary to all likelihode their help was turned to their vtter confusion Upon whom by threatning death to them all in generall he set the hier price For Clearche receiuing a great summe of mony of them as who should say he entended priuely to deliuer them from the peoples displeasure when he hadde robbed them of all theyr goodes he spoyled them also of their liues Afterward vnderstaÌ„ding that those that were fled hauing moued the cities of pity and compassion to helpe them prepared warre agaynste him he set their bondmen at libertye And to the entent there should want no kind of misery in those honourable houses and that he might make the slaues more faythfull to himself and more enemies to their masters he compel led the wiues and daughters of those noble men to marry with their slaues vppon paine of death if they refused so to do But those sorowfull weddinges were greuouser then sodain death to the honorable Ladies And therfore many of them before their mariage and many in the very time of their mariage killing first their new husbands slew them selues and by the vertue of their natural womanhode and shamefastnesse was a fielde soughte in the which the Tiranne gettinge the vpper hande drewe the senatoures as prisoners in manner of triumphe through the face of the city After his retourne into the citye some he cast in bonds some he racked and som he put to death and no place of the city was fre â—…rom the cruelnesse of the tiran With this outragiousnesse he became proude and with his crueltye â—…e became arrogante for throughe hys continuall good successe in prosperity he would somtime forget himself to be a man and sometime be wâ—…ulde call himself Iubiters sonne When he went abrode he wold haue an Eagle of gold borne before him as a token of his begetting He vsed to wear robes of purple and to goâ—… in buskens after the manner of kings in tragedies wyth a crown of gold vpon his headâ—… Moreouer to the entent to scorne the gods aswel in â—…ames as in counterfait gesture abhominable leasings he named his sonne Ceraunos Two noble yongmen called ChioÌ„ Leonides disdaining to se him do these things entending to set their country at liberty conspired to kil the Tiran These men wer the disciples of the Philosopher Plato who couetinge to bestow vpon their country the vertue vnto the whiche they were furthered by the moost perfect instructions of theyr master laid in an ambush fifty of their kinsmen whome they had gotâ—…en to be of their retinew They them selues counterfetting to be at defiaunce againste another made toward the Castie to the Tiran as to their king y e shuld decide theâ—…r controâ—…ersies and being ther admitted to his presence as they that were well knowen â—…hyles the tirant gaue autentiue eare to the fiâ—…st mannes tale the other stept within him and kild him But by reason theyr company was not quick inough in comming to their rescue they were slaine by the garde By meanes wherof it came to passe that the Tiran was slain but yet
the coun trye not deliuered For Satir the brother of Clearche after the same sort toke vpon him the tiranny aud the Heracleans many yeres after by degre of descent were vnder subiection of Tirannes ¶ The. xvii Booke ABout the same time well nie ther hapned a maruelous great earthquake in the countries of Hâ—…llespont and Chemesosus and the Citye Lylimachia being builded by Lyâ—…imachus not past a two and twenty yeres before was ouerthrowne the which wonder betookened horrible misfortune to Lysimachus and his ofspring with the decaye of his kingdome and the destruction of those countries that were vered therwyth And loke as was betokened therby so cam it to pas For within a short time after Lysimachus conceiuing a deadly hatred not only beyoÌ„d the course of a naturall father but also beyond all manhode and humanity against his sonne Agathocles whom he had proclaimed heir apparent of his kingdom by whom he had atcheued many battels prosperously by the mean and working of his stepmother Aâ—…syrice he poysoned This was the first sore of the mischief that was towards him this was the beginning of y â— ruin that hung â—…uer his head For after the murthering of his own sonne he fel to killinge of his noble men whome he executed for none other oâ—…fence then because they bewaâ—… led the death of his son By meanes wherof such as were chief officers in his campe reuolted by plumpes vnto Sâ—…leucus whom being of himself prone thervnto vpoÌ„disdaâ—… enuy at thother mannes glory they compelled to make war against Lysimacbus This was the last contention betwene them that had serued Alexander in the warres as it were a match reserued by fortune for exaÌ„ples sake Lysimachus was lxxiiii yeares olde and Seleueus â–ª lxxvii but in this age there was none of them both but he hadde a yong mannes â—…art and an iâ—…satiable desyre of dominion For when as they two alone held the whole worlde betwene them yet they thoughte them selues enclosed in a straight measuring the terme of their life not by the length of their yeres but by the boundes of their Empyre In that battell Lysimachus hauing loste before by dyuers chaunces xv children now dying manfully lastlye made himself the full and finall decaye of his owne house Seleucus reioysâ—…ng in so great a victory and that which he thought to be a greater matter then the victory that he onlye of Alexanders retinew remained and became conqueror of the conquerors bosted that it was not the work of maÌ„ but the very gift of God being vâ—…terly ignoraunte that it should not be long after ere he himself should become an example of the frailty of man For about vii moneths after by the pollicye of Ptolomy who had taken the syster of Lyâ—…machus in mariage he was surprised and slaâ—…ne and so with his life lost the kingdome of Macedone that he had taken from Lysimachus Ptolomy therfore being very diligent to curry fauour with the comminalty in remembraunce of his father Ptolomy the Great and for reuengâ—…g y â— death of Lysimachus fyrst of all determined to win the sonnes of Lysimachus vnto him and thervpoÌ„ made sute to their mother Arsinoe his sister to haue her to his wife promisinge to adopt the 〈◊〉 to th entent that when he had succeded in their roume what for reuerence to their mother or for the name of father they should not be so bolde as to attempt any thing agaynst him Moreouer he earnestlye sued by his letters to haue the fauor of his brother y e king of Egipt protestinge that he bare him no displeasure for takyng his fathers kingdome from him and y â— he woulde not any more sâ—…ke the thing at his brothers hand whiche he had with more honor gotten at the hand of his fathers enemy Furthermore he sought all the meanes he coulde deuise to winde him selfe into fauor with Emnâ—…nes and Antigonus the sonnes of Demetrius and with antiochus the soÌ„ne of Seleucus with the which he was like to â—…aue warre to â—…ntent he would not haue to do with iii. enemies at ones Nether omitted he Pâ—…rrhus king of Epyre as one that was like to be no small furtheraunce to what parte so euer he enclined himself who also coueting to set them all beside the sadle made fair countenaunce and set himselfe as it were to sale to them al. Therfore when as he was about to aid the Tarentines againste the Romaines he desyred of antigonus to lend him shippes to conuey ouer his armye of antiochus who was better furnished with rychesse then with men of warre he requested to borow a pece of mony of Ptolomy he demaunded to send to his ayd a crewe of the souldioures of Macedone But Ptolomy who by reason of his owne weaknesse was not able to bear with him long lent him fiue thousand footemen foure thousande horsemen and fifty Elephantes for no lenger time then ii yeres In consideration wherof taking the daughter of Ptolomy in mariage â–ª Pyrrhus left him for protectoure of hys kingdome But forasmuch as we fall in remembrance of Epyre I thinke good to entreat a little of the originall of the same First of all the Molosses raigned in that region Afterward Pyrrhus the sonne of achilles hauynge loste hys fathers kingdome by being absent at the battell of Troy reasted in the same countrye which after his name were first called Pyrrhides and after Epyrotes But Pyrrhus when he came into the Temple of Iupiter of Dodone to aske counsell rauished there anasa the nece of Hercules by whom afterward takinge her to wife he begate viii children Of the whiche some of theym beynge verye gentle and beutifull younge Ladies he marryed to the kynges that were his neighboures by meanes of whiche aliaunces he purchased great power and richesse And so leauyng the kingdome of the Chaonians with andromache the wife of Hector which in the diuision of the boty at the winnynge of Troye fel to his lot to be his wife vnto Helenus the sonne of king Priâ—…mus for his singuler knowledge in Prophecy within a while after by the treason of Orestes the sonne of Agamemnon he was slayne at Delphos euen before the aultare of the God After him succeded his sonne Pylates At lengthe by order of successyon the kingdom descended to Arymba Ouer whome because he was fatherlesse and that there were no moo alyue of that noble race but he of verye earnest desyre that the whole realme had to preserue him and bring him vp there wer certain protectoures appoynted by the common consent of the realm to haue the ouer syght and gouernance of hym Furthermore he was sente to Athens to schoole and looke howe muche he was better learned then hiâ—… predecessoures so much also was he better beloued amonge his subiectes For he was the fyrste that made lawes ordained a counsell appoynted yearely officers and established the estate of the common
weale And like as Pyrrhus fyrste gaue the people their dwelling so Arymba brought them first to the trade of ciuil ordinaunce and liuing This mannes sonne was Neoptolemus who did beget Olympias the mother of great Alexander and Alexander that after hys decease enioyed the kingdome of Cpyre and dyed in the warres of Italy among the Brutians After his departure his brother Aeacides succeaded in the kingdome who by wearying his subiectes with daily and continuall war againste the Macedones gate â—…uche a displesure among them that they banished him y e reaâ—…me leauing behinde him in the kingdome a childe of 〈◊〉 yeres old called Pyrrhus who being sought for also by the people to be put to death for y â— hatred they bare to his father was priuely conueyed awaye and borne into Illyria and deliuered vnto Beroe the wife of king Glaucia to be kept vp the which Beroe also was extract of the house of Aeacus There the kinge whether it were that he pityed hys misfortune or that he weâ—… allured with his childish flateringes did defend him a great while againste Cassander king of Macedone demaunding him with great threats that he would make sharpe warres vppon him onlesse he deliuered him and besides this protection of him he also adopted him to be his sonne With the which thinges the Cpyrotes being moued tourninge their hatred into compassyon called him into the realme againe beinge of the age of eleuen yeres appoynting protectoures to haue the ouersight and gouernment of him and his kingdom vntill he came to mannes estate Afterwarde when he was ones past childhode he sought manye battels he began to be counted of suche power wisdome and pollicye that men thoughte no man able to maintain the Tarentines against the Romaines but only him The. xviii Booke PIrrhus king of Epyre therfore when as the Tarentines had sent their ambassadors to him the second time and that the Samuits Lucanes who al so had then neade of aide againste the Romaines made earnest sute and request vnto him for succor not so much moued with the entretance of his suters as induced with hope to inuade the Empire of Italy promised to come with an armye Unto the whiche thing after that his minde was ones enclined the examples of his auncestoures draue him hedlonges forwardes to the entent he wold not seme inferior to his vncle Alexander who hadde defended the sayde Tarentines agaynste the Brutians or to be of lesse courage then great Alexander who hadde made warre so sarre from his owne countrye and subdued the East Where vppon leauinge his sonne Ptolomy of the age of xv yeres as regent of his kingdome he landed his armye in the hauen of Tarent leadynge with him hys two yonger sonnes Helen and Alexander to beare him company in his farre expedition Of whose arriuall the Romaine consull Valerius Leunius hearing making haste to encounter with him before the aides of his confederates were assembled broughte hys men into the field neither did the king although he had nothing so many men of warre as his ennemies detracte the encounter But where as the Romaines had gotten the vpper hand and were at the poynt to haue putte hym to flight he constrained them at the vglye shape of the Elephants first to stande as amased and by and by after to forsake the field and so the straunge monsters of Macedone sodainly vanquished them hauinge all readye gotten the victory Neuerthelesse he obtained not the victorye without much bloudshed For Pyrrhus himselfe was sore woun ded and a great part of his Souldioures slaine so that he gate by that victory more honoure then cause to reioyce Many cities following the fortune of this battell yelded them selues to pyrrhus Amongest others also the Locrines betraying the Romaine garrison reuolted to pyrrhus Of that pray Pyrrhus sent home two hundred Romaine souldioures scotfree to Rome to the entente that as the Romaines had knowen of his puissaunce so they might also knowe of his liberalitye Within a few daies after when the hostes of his confederates were come he foughte an other battell with the Romaines in the whiche the fortune was like vnto the former battell In the meane season Mago captaine of Carthage beynge sent to the ayd of the Romaines with a hundred and tweÌ„ty shyppes came before the Senate sayinge it greatlye greued the Carthaginenses that a foraine kynge shoulde be suffred to make warre in Italy For whiche consideration he was sent that for as much as they were assailed by a foraine ennemy they mighte be rescued by for raine succoures The Senate gaue the Carthaginenses hartye thankes and sent away their succoures againe But Mago accordinge to the nature of a man of affricke wythin a fewe dayes after as though he ment to procure peace for the 〈◊〉 went secreatly to pyrrbus entending to feele his minde and to learne what he purposed as concerning Sicill whether it was reported he was sent for For the Carthaginenses sent aid to the Romaines For noone other occasion but that Pyrrhus mighte haue so muche to doo with the Romaines in Italy that he myghte haue no leysure to passe into Sicill While theese thinges were in doing Fabritius Lucinus being sent ambassadoure from the Senate of Rome coÌ„cluded a peace with Pirrhus for the confirmation wherof Cyneas beinge sent from Pirrhus with great giftes and rewardes could finde no man that would ones open his doore to receiue a reward Another example like vnto this continency of the Romaines hapned almost the very same time For the Senate sent ambassadoures into Egipte to whome Ptelomy the kynge sent riche presentes the which they vtterly refused with in a day or twaine after they were bidden to supper and crownes of goulde sent them the which at that time they receiued for honour of the kinge and the next daye after they set them vpon the kinges Images Cyneas therfore when he had brought word howe the peace with the Romains was infringed by â—…ppius Claudius being demauÌ„ ded of Pyrrhus what maner of thiâ—…g Rome was he aunswered that it semed to him to be a City of kinges After this came vnto him the ambassadoures of the Sicilians rendering into his handes the right and 〈◊〉 of the whole Iland whiche was then vexed with the continuall warres of the Carthaginenses Therfore leauynge his sonne Alexander at Lorres and hauynge well manned the other Cities with strong garrisone he wasted ouer his army into Sicill And for as much as we be come to entreat of the Carthaginenses I must speake a 〈◊〉 as concerning theyr originall repeting somewhat what deper the dedes of the Tyrians whose chaunces also wer much to be lamented The nation of the Tyrians was founded by the Phenicians who being troubled with an earthquake forsaking their natiue soyle inhabited fyrst the lake of Assyria and anone after the neâ—…te â—…ea coaste buildinge in the same place a Citye whiche of the aboundaunce of Fyshe
they named Sydon For the Phenicians call a Fyshe Sydon Manye yeares after being subdued by the king of the Ascalonites they tooke shippinge and arrâ—…ued in the same place where they builded Tire which was done the yore before the destruction of Troye There they were oftentimes and diuersly assaâ—…ed with warres by the Persyans but euer they had the vpper hand But when theyr power was once wasted theyr bondmen aboundinge in multytude and noumber delt out â—…giouslye and cruellye wyth theym For they made a conspiracye amonge them selues and killed all the fre borne people with their maysters also and so hauynge the citye at wyll they entered possessyon in their maisters houses they inuaded the common weale they maried wiues and that whiche they theym selues neuer were they begatte free children There was one among so manye thousand slaues who being of a meke and honest nature for pity of the fortune of thold man his master and his yong sonne did not of beastly cruelty murther them but of mercyfull compassion and manhode saued them Wherefore when as he had hid them out of the waye as if they had beene slaine and that the bondmen consulting vpon the estate of the common weale thought it good to create theym a kinge of theyr owne corporation and him in especially to be the person as a man most acceptable to the Gods that first should see the sunne rising he declared the matter secreatly to his master Strato for y â— was his name where he lay hid in a corner Being by him sufficientlye instructed what to dod when they were all assembled into the field by midnight whiles all the reast stoode gapynge into the East he only alone looked aduisedly into the west At the 〈◊〉 all the resydue thoughte it a madnesse to looke for the rysinge of the Sunne into the West But assone as the day began to breake and the East beganne to glister vppon the hyghest toppes and pynnacles of the toures and temples of the Citye while all the other gased for to see the Globe of the Sunne he 〈◊〉 of all syewed vnto them all the brightnesse of the Sunne shynâ—…ge vpon the toppe of the Citye this seemed to be doone of a greater reason then was in a sâ—…aues heade Wherevppon they enqutred who gaue hym the counsell and be coâ—…essed as touching his master Then it was perceiued what difference there is betwene the wit of a slaue and the wit of a gentleman and that 〈◊〉 excell in maltce but not in wisdome Therefore the old man and his sonne were pardoned and forasmuche as they thoâ—…ght theym to be preserued by the deuine 〈◊〉 of God they created Strato kinge After whose decease the kingdome descended to his sonne and so forth to his posteritye This was a notable aâ—… of the slames and a terrâ—…le example to the whole worlde Wherfore Aleraâ—… he great when as a long time after he made warre in tâ—…e East as a reuenger of the common tranquillity hauing wonne theâ—… Citye perforce al of them that remained after the battel in remembraunce of the murther doone in olde time by their predecessours he crucified Only the kinred of Stâ—… he preserued vnuiolated and restored the kyngdome to hys of spryng makynge newe inhabitauntes that were free 〈◊〉 and vndefiled wyth the like offence in the Ilande to the 〈◊〉 that the seruile seede and slyppe being vtterly roted oute the ofspring of the Citye mighte be as it were planted of new again The Tyrians therfore being in this wyse by the meanes of Alexander newe founded throughe they owne sparing and trauell in getting grew stâ—…oÌ„g agayne wythin a short space Before the siaughter of the masters when they abounded 〈◊〉 in richesse and in noumber of menne they sent a company of youth into Affricke and â—…ded Utâ—…a when as in the meane while the kinge of Tire deceased ordayninge for his heires his sonne Pygmalion and his daughter Elisa a mayde of very excellent beauty But the people deliuered the kingdome to Pygmalion beinge a verye childe Elisa also was marryed to her vncle Sycheus the prieste of Hercules the whiche Rome is of greatest honoure next vnto the kynge Thys manne hadde greate richesse but no manne knewe wher they were and for feare of the kinge he had hidden hys golde not in houses but in the grounde The whiche thinge though men knew not of certaintye yet it was commonlye so reported with the whyche brute Pygmalion being incensed forgetting all bonde of nature and humanity without any respect of godlynesse killed his vncle being also his brother in lâ—…e 〈◊〉 dâ—…sting her brother a greate while after for doynge of thys wicked acte at the last dissemblinge her inwarde hatred and bearinge a faire countenaunce towardes hym for the tyme practised priuely to flye away and takinge into her companye certaine of the noble men whom she knew to beare like hatred to the kinge and to haue like desyre of flyinge away she came to her brother with a pollicye she fained that she would remoue out of her owne house and come dwell with him to the entent the sighte of her husbandes house should not continually renewe her sorowe and mourninge for him whiche she coueted to forget and to the entent the bitter remembraunce of him should not any more ware before her eies Pygmalion was wel contented to hear his sister say those words because he thought she wold bring her husband Sycheus gold with her But Elisa caused the kinges seruaunts that wer lent her to help to remoue her stuffe to goo into shippes and car â–ª her richesse with them in the shutting in of the euening and when she had them a good waye from the shore she compelled them to throwe certain bagges and cofers ful of sande into the sea making them beleue it was monye Then she her selfe weping with piteous veyce besought her husband Sycheus willingly to receiue his own richesse which he had lefte behinde him and that he woulde take them for an offeringe like as they had beene the cause of his death Which doone she turned her self to the kinges seruauntes â–ª sayinge the time was come that she herselfe should receiue the death that she so sore had longe before desired and that they should abide bitter tormentes and greuous punishmentes because they had made away the richesse of her husbande Sycheus for couetousnesse of the which the king committed murther that he myghte not haue them to satisfy his gredy appetite wythal WheÌ„ she hadde put them all in this feare they were contented to beare her company in her flighte and to goo awaye with her Moreouer a great nomber of the nobility beynge in readinesse for the same purpose set forth with her and so hauing made sacrifice againe vnto Hercules whose Priest Sycheus was they forsoke their countrye to get theÌ„ a new dwelling place The first lande that they arriued at was the Isle of Cyprus where as the priest of â—…piter wyth hys
wife and children by the commaundement of the God offred himselfe to Elisa as a companion and partaker of all her fortune makinge a couenaunt with her that he and his posterity should for euermore enioy the honour of the priesthode The condition was accepted as a manifest token of good lucke It was the manner of the Cyâ—…ans to send their maidens before they shoulde be married to the seas side there to earne their mariage mony certain dais with the abuse of their bodies and to make offeringes to Venus for the preseruation of their chaâ—… all theyr lyues after Of these sort of women Elisa commaunded her meÌ„ to rauishe toureskore or there aboutes that wer virgins and to put them in the shippes to the entent her younge 〈◊〉 might haue wiâ—…es and the city â—…ase of issue While these thinges were a dooinge 〈◊〉 knowing of the flying away of his sister when as he went about to pursue her wickedly with battel he was hardly perswaded by the entretance of his mother the threatnings of the Gods to be in quiet To whoÌ„ the Prophets being enspired with the spirit of prophesy declared y â— he should not â—…skape vnpunished if he wente aboute to hinder the aduauncement of a City so fortunate as the like was skarse to be founde againe in all the world By meanes wherof they that sled had sufficient leysure and time to eskape 〈◊〉 Elisa therfore arriuinge in the coastes of Affricke moued to frendship the inhabitauntes of the place reioysinge at the comming and entercourse of marchaundise of straungers Afterward purchasing a piece of ground â–ª as muche as might be compassed about with an Oxe hide wherein she might refresh her company weary of their long iourney vntill she shoulde take her iourney again she caused the hide to beicut into long and slender 〈◊〉 by meanes where of she had a greater piece of grounde then she demaunded where vpon euer after the place was â–ª calleâ—… Byrsa Afterward by the 〈◊〉 of the neighbours of the places there aboutes which for couetousnesse of gain brought many things to sell to the strauÌ„gers and builded them houses to dwel among them at lengthe there was such a resort of men thither that it was euen as good as a city Moreouer the ambassadoures of Vtica brought pre sents to them as to their kinsfolke encouraging them to build a Citye in the selfe same place where they had purchased a dwelling the afres also were desirous to detayne the straungers still Wherfore by the good consent of all parties Carthage was builded paying a yerely rent for the ground that the city standeth vpon In the first foundation digginge was founde an Oxe heade the whiche was a signifycation that it shoulde be a verye frutefull and plentifull lande but that the Citye shoulde be alwayes labouring and alwayes in bondage Where vppon the Citye was remoued to another place There they founde a horse heade whiche signifyed that the people shoulde be warlicke and of greate power and so in that place they builded the Citye with good lucke Then shortlye after by the concourse of the Countryes there â—…boutes resorting thither for the good opinion they hadde of the newe citye it became a greate and populous towne At suche tyme as Carthage was mooste flouryshing in estate and richesse Hiarbas king of Mauritane callinge to him tenne of the Princes of the Afres commaunded them to fetche Elisa to be his wyfe anâ—… to tell â—…er that if she refused so to doo he woulde compell her by force The whiche message the ambassadoures beinge afrayde to doo to the Queene wente to woorke wyth her craftely after the nature â—…f Afres declaringe that theyr kynge demaunded some personne that could learne hym and his Afres more ciuill manners and trade of liuynge but he coulde fynde none that would vouchsafe to forsake his owne kinsfolke to go among suche barbarous people that liued after the manner of brute beastes Then beinge rebuked of the Quene that they woulde shonne anye harde kinde of liuinge for the saue garde of their Countrye for the whyche euen the very life it selfe oughte to be spent if neade shoulde so require they vttered the king their maisters commaundement saying that she must doo thâ—… selfe same thinges her selfe that she taughte others to doo if she desâ—…red the safetye of her Citye Beinge surprised by this 〈◊〉 after the time she had a great while together called vâ—…pon the name of her husbande Sycheus with manye teares and lamentable com plaint at the last she answered she would goâ—… whether as her owne destiny and the destiny of her 〈◊〉 called her Uppon this matter taking iii. monethes respit she caused a great fâ—…re to be made in the vttermost part of the city as it had bene to pacify the ghoste of her fyrst husbande and to doo sacrifice to hym before she shoulde marrye agayne Whâ—…re after the 〈◊〉 of manye beastes takynge a sword in her hand she went vp to the top of the 〈◊〉 that was set on 〈◊〉 and so loking toward the people she sayd she would go to her husband according to the kings commaundement and w th that word she thruste the sworde to her hart As longe as Carthage â–ª was vnuanquished she was worshipped for a Goddesse This Citye was builded threscore and twelue yeres before Rome whose puâ—…ssans as it was notable in the warres so in the time of peace the state was distroubled with sondry misfortunes and ciuil debate Furthermore when that amoÌ„g other mischeues they were sore vexed with the plague for the remedy therof they vsed a bloudy kinde of religion and abhominable â—…ickednesse For they offered men in sacrifyce and they killed vpon the aultares the innocent younglynges which age is wont to prouoke euen the enemy to pitye seking to paciâ—…y the Goddes with the bloude of them for whose life the Goddes are wont moost of all to be prayed vnto Therfore the Goddes being worthelye wrathe and turned from them for â—…o great w ckednesse wheÌ„ they had made warre a long time in Sicill to their vtter destruction and thervpon translated the warre into 〈◊〉 there hau ng lost the greater part of their hoste they wer vanquished in a sore fought battell For the which occasion they banished with the few that remained of his armye theyr captain Machaeus vnder whose guidance they had conqâ—…ered part of Sicill and 〈◊〉 manye greate aduentures against the afres The which thinge the men of warre taking in great displeasure sent ambassadours to carthage fyrst entreating for retourne into their countrye and for pardon of theyr vnfortunate warrefare and yet to tâ—…l theÌ„ neuerthelesse â–ª that if they might not obtaine 〈◊〉 â—…equest by entretaunce they would win it by the swordâ—… When the Ambassadoures could get nothinge neyther by fayre meanes nor by foule within a few daies after they toke shipping and came to the City all in 〈◊〉 There they protested before God and man that their
liberty all the bondmen that were of yeres mete for the warres and toke an othe of them and put them with the mooste part of his other souldiours into his ships thinking that forasmuche as he had made them all one in estate and degre there wold be strife among them who might behaue himself most manfully All the reast he left to the defence of his country This done the seuenth yere of his raigne hauinge in hys companye his two sonnes Archagathus and Heraclida noone of his souldioures knowinge whether he wold go he directed his course into Affrick wher as all his men supposed they shuld haue gon a forraging either into Italy or elsse into the Isle of Sardinia he neuer made them priuy where about he went vntill he had set his host a land in Affricke and then he tolde theym all what he was mineded to doo He shewed theym in what case Syracuse stode for the helpe wherof there remayned none other meane but to do to their enemy as he had don to them For warres wer to be haÌ„dled otherwise at home then abrode At home a man could haue none other help then his country is able to auorde him abrode the enemy myghte be vanquished by his owne power by reason the adherents and partakers being weary of their long continued Empire would commonlye faile them and looke for the helpe of forayne Princes And to the furtheraunce hereof the cities and castels of Affricke were not enuironed with walles nor situatein mountaines but set vpon the plaine ground in open and champion fieldes without any munition or defence all the whych for feare of being destroyed woulde easely be entreated to take theyr parte in the warre Wherfore the Carthaginenses should haue whotter warres at theyr owne dores out of Affrick then oute of Sicâ—…l and aide woulde assemble from all partes against that one city grâ—…ater in name then in power wher fore he should finde the strength there which he broughte not with him Moreouer the sodain fear of the Carthaginenses shoulde be no small furtheraunce to his victorye which being amazed at the wonderful audacitye of theyr enemies wold tremble and quake for feare Besydes this to thencrease of the same they should behold the burning of their villages the beatinge downe of theyr castles and holdes the sacking of the stoburne cities and finallye the besiegement of Carthage it selfe by all the which things they should well fele that they them selues laye as open to the warres of other men as other men lay open to the warres of them By the which meanes not only the Carthaginenses might be vanquished but also Sicill be sette at liberty For their ennemies woulde not lie styll at the siege there when they should hear that theyr owne were in ieoperdy Wherfore they could not haue deuised where to haue founde a more easy warfare nor a more ryche and 〈◊〉 praye For had they ones taken Carthage the conqueroures shoulde haue all Affricke and Sicill in reward for their labour And the glorye and renowne of so honourable a warfare shuld be so great as that it might neuer be forgâ—…tten while the world stands so that it shuld be said that they only hade beene the men whyche hadde turned the warre vpon their enemies heades which they could not out stand at home in theyr own country which of theyr owne accord had perased and pursued vpon theyr conqueroures and whiche had besieged the besiegeâ—…s of their citye Therfore they oughte all with valâ—…aunte and chearfull harts enterprise that â—…atre then the whiche there could a neither any greater rewarde be geuen them if they wan the victorye nor more honorable monument if they were ouercome With these and suche like enforcementes the harts of his souldiers were greatlye encoraged But the sight of a wonder that happened troubled theyr mindes because that as they sailed the Sunne was Eclipsed Of the which thing the kinge was as carefull to geue them a due reason as of the warre affirmynge that if it had hapned before theyr setting forth it might haue bene thought that the wonder had manased them that wer to set forth But now for as much as it chaunced after they wer com forthe it threatned them againste whome they wente Furthermore the Eclipsing of the naturall Planets dyd alwaies alter the present estate of thinges Wherefore there was none other thinge mente but that the estate of Carthage florishinge in welth and richesse and his estate oppressed with aduersitye muste suffer an alteration and exchaunge When he had thus comforted his souldiours by the consent of his army he set all his shippes on fire to th entent they might all knowe that seinge there was no helpe in running away they must either win or elsse dye Afterwarde when that they bare downe all that came in their way which way so euer they went settinge townes and castels on fyre Hanno captaine of Carthage met theÌ„ with thirty thousand Afres in the which encounter was slain of the Sicilians two and of the Carthaginenses iii. M and the captain him self through his victory the harts of the Sicilians were strengthened and the hartes of the Carthaginenses discouraged Agathocles hauing vanqui shed his enemies wan cities and holdes toke greate booties and prayes and slue many thousand of his enemies Then he pitched his campe about v. miles of from Carthage to th entent they might behold from the vâ—…ry wals of the city the losse of their dearest thinges with the wasting of their fieldes and the burning of theyr villages In the meane time there went a great brute ouer all Affricke of the ouerthrowe and slaughter of the Carthaginien army and of the cities that were won Wherat euery man was amased and wondered how so great an Empire should haue so sodain an ouerthrow in espetially by an enemy all ready vanquished This wonderment turned by little and little into disdaine of the Carthaginenses For ere it was long after not onlye Affricke but also the chefest cities there aboutes folowing this sodain alteration reuolted to Agathocles and aided hym both with victual and monye Besides these aduersities of the Carthaginenses to the augmentation of their miserable cala mities it hapned that their captain withal his army was vtterly destroyed in Sicil. For after the departure of Agathocles oute of Sicill the Carthaginenses became more siouthful and negligent in their siege at Syracuse which thing Antander the brother of king Agathocles espyinge issued out vpon them and sâ—…ue them vtterlye euerychone wherof sorowful tidinges were broughte to Carthage Therefore for as muche as the Carthaginenses had like misfortune abrode as at home here vpon not only the tributary cities but also the kings that were in league and amity with them waying freship by fortune and not by faithfulnesse reuolted from them Amonge others there was one Ophellas king of Cyrene who vpon a wycked hope gapinge for the dominion of all Affricke entered in
aduersitye whome the wilfull rage and rashnesse of Ptolomy their kyng had wel nie destroyed All men standinge thus in despaire â–ª 〈◊〉 one of the princes of Macedone perceiuing it auailed not to trust to praying only raised a noumber of lusty yong men and bothe asswaged the courages of the Frenche men then in theyr ruffe for theyr late victorye and defended Macedâ—…ne from wasting and destroying by the enemy In recompence of which his valiant dede wheras in any noble men sued to haue the kingdome of 〈◊〉 he being no noble man born was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 them all And at suche time as his men of warre 〈◊〉 hym king he compelled them to swere to him â–ª not by the name of king but by the name of captaine In the meane season Brennus captaine of that portion of the Frenche menne that bent them selues into Grecehearinge of the victorye of his countrye men whiche had vanquished the Macedones vnder the conducte of Belgius freatynge for anger that so fatte a booty and so laden with the spoyles of the East was so lightly forgone after they had gotten the vpper hand raised an hooâ—…t of a hundred and fiftye thousande footemen and fiftene thousand horsemen and inuaded Macedone again When Sosthenes sawe how they wasted the countrye and the villages he met them with his hoâ—…te of Macedones wel appoynted and in good order of battel But by reson they were few and their enemies manye they halfe discouraged and the other strong and lustye they were sone put to the worser Wherfore while the Macedones being beaten kept them selues within the walles of their cities Brennus lyke a conqueror against whome no man durst shewe hys heade to make resistence forraged all the fieldes of Macedone From thence as thoughe those boties and spoyles semed to base and simple in his eie he tourned hys mynde to the temples of the Goddes immortall malapertlye scoffynge that the Goddes were ryche and ought to depart liberally to men Thervppon immediatly he tooke his iourney toward Delphos setting more by the gaine of the gold that had bene offered to the Goddes then by their displesure whome he affirmed to haue no neade of richesse as they that are wont to bestow them vppon men The temple of Apollo at Delphos is situate in the mount Parnasus vp on a cliffe on euerye side fallinge stepe downe There the confluens of men whiche vpon trust and confidens in the maiesty of that God resorting thither from diuers places builded them houses in that rocke hath made a populous city And moreouer both the temple and the town are enclosed not with walles but with the stepenesse of y â— rocke neither are they defended with fortifications made by mannes hand but with fortifications growen by nature So that there is no man in the world able to say whether the strength of the place or the maiesty of the god be more to be wondered at The middle part of the rocke inwarde is in fashion like a Theatre By meanes where of when men make anye shoutinge or hallowinge or when anye trompet is blowen the sound beateth and reboundeth in suche wise vppon the stones from one to another that the Echo is hard double and treble and the noyse resoundeth farre louder and greater then it went forth The whyche thyng causeth the simple and ignorant folke to stande in more fear thincking it to be the presence of the godhead and oftentimes maketh them to stand wonderinge at it as if they were straught In this wineding of the rocke almost midway to the top of the hil there is a litle playn and in the same a depe hole into the grounde whiche serueth to geue Oracles Out of tâ—…e whiche a ceâ—…tayne colde breth driuen vp as it were in a certain winde ascendyng vpward stirreth the mindes of the Prophets into a madnesse and so hauing filled them with the spirit of the god compelleth them to geue answer to suche as come for couÌ„sel In the same place therfore there are to be sene many riche giftes of kings and peoples which by their cost and sumptuousnesse do well declare the thankfulnesse of such as receiued aunswers in performing of theyr vowes Wherfore when Brennus came within the view of the temple he was in doubte with him selfe a greate while whether he were better to attempt the matter forthwith or geue his souldiers that nightes respite to rest them and gather theyr strength to them Euridanus and Thessalonus who for couetousnesse of the pray had ioyned theym selues with him willed to cutte of all delaye while theyr enemies were vnprouided and no dout but theyr sodayne approche shoulde be a great terror vnto them Where as by geuinge theym that nightes respite theyr ennemyes should perchaunce get both courage and succoure and the wayes that nowe lay open mighte be stopped vp But the common souldiers of the frenchmen when as after longe penury and skarsity they then found a countrye replenyshed with wyne and all other kynde of victualles beynge as glad and ioyfull of the aboundaunce as of a victorye they dispersed them selues in the fields and leuyng theyr standerd ran abrode making hauocke of all thynges lyke conqueroures the whiche thinge was a meane that the Delphians had respite to lay for them selues For at such time as it was firste reported that the Frenchmen were comminge thither the husband men and men of the country were prohibited by the Greke oracles to conuey their corne and wines out of the villages The wholsome meaning of which commaundement was not vnderstanded before that the aboundaunce of wine and other victualles being cast as a stop in the frenche mennes waies the succoures of theyr neighboures had leisure to resorte thither together The Delphians therfore had manned strengthened the towne by the helpe of theyr neighboures or euer the french men who were as greadye of the wine as of a bootye coulde be called from the wine fatte to theyr standard Brenne had three skore and fiue thousande chosen footemen of the best in all his hoste wheras the Delphians and their aiders were in all but foure thousande fighting men In disdaine of whiche fâ—…al handful Bren to the entent to sharpen the mindes of his menne shewed theym all what a riche and plentifull praye they shoulde haue affirminge that the Images with the chariottes where of they might behold greate store a farre of were made all of massye golde wherefore the booty shoulde be better in the hande then it seemed to the eye The frenche men being by this vouching of their captain or rather by theyr owne beholding stirred vp and also wounded wyth the wine they had poured in the day before wythoute respecte of any danger ran 〈◊〉 to the encounter On the contrary part the Delphians putting more truste in God then in their owne strength resisted their ennemies euen with a contempt and what with stones and what wyth theyr wepons threw the
commyng of Tygranes Ariobarzanes conueying away all his stuffe gat him streight to Rome so by y â— meanes of Tygranes Cappadocia was again vnder y â— dominioÌ„ of Mithridates Thesame time died Nicomedes whose son named Nicomedes also was dryuen out of his kingdom bi Mithridates who resorted to Rome for succor vpoÌ„ whose huÌ„ble sute it was decreed by y e Senate y â— both be Ariobarzanes should be set in possessioÌ„ of their kyngdomes agayne For the perfourmaunce whereof Aquilius Manlius and Malthinius were sent to be Lieuetenauntes of the warre Mythridates hauyng knowledge hereof and enteÌ„dyng to make warre with the Romains alied himself with Tygranes And it was couenaunted betwixt them that Mythridates should haue for his parte the cyties and landes and Tygranes should haue for his share the men and cattell and whatsoeuâ—…r els was moueable After this Mithridates 〈◊〉 what a warre he had taken in hande sent out his Ambassadours some to the Cymbrians some to the Frenchegrekes some to the Sarmatians and some to the Bastarnes to request them of their ayde and help For all these Nations had he allured a good while before by shewyng them â—…endshyp and pleasure diuers wayes euer synce he fyrste purposed warre agaynst the Romayns Moreouer he raysed an host of men in Scythia and armed all the East agaynste the Romayns It was no great matter for hym therefore to ouercome Aquilius and Malthyne hauyng none but the men of Asia about them after the discomfiture of whome and of Nicomedes all the cyties were glad to seke his fauor There he found great plentie of gold and syluer laid vp in store by the kynges in tymes past and much furniture for the warres the which for as muche as they made greatlie to his furtherance he released the cyties all their dettes as well publike as priuate and exempted them frelie from all charges as well of the warres as of trybutes and taxes for fyue yeres space Then assembled he his souldiours before him and encouraged them with â—…iuers exhortacions to the warres of y e Romains otherwise cald the wars of Asia The copi of which Oracion I haue thought worthie to be put into this worde albeit I coâ—…et to be short in the same maner as PoÌ„peius â—…rogus hath indirectly set it forth because he fyndeth fault with â—…iuie Salust for putting Oracions in their works directly as they were spokeÌ„ so doyng exceded y â— bouÌ„ds of an history He said he would gladly haue wished that he might haue consulted vpon this poynt whether it wer better to haue warre or peace with the Romaines but nowe there was no remedy but to go through with the matter and not to feare them yea thoughe there were no hope of victorye at all For all men would draw their wepons vpon theues thoughe they were not able to defende them selues yet to reuenge theyr deathes But for as muche as he purposed not to debate whether it were mete to be in quiet considering they were not only ennemies in hart but also had encountered like enemies in open field he woulde fayne knowe by what meanes and vpon what hope they shuld maintaine the warres that they had begone Neuerthelesse he had good hope of the victorye if so be it they hadde good hartes That the Romaines might be ouercome his souldiers that vanquished Aquilius in Bythinia and Mal thinius in Cappadocia knewe as well as he But if hee thoughte the examples of other menne could moue them more then theyr owne triall and experiens â—…e harde saye that Pyrrhus king of Epyre hauyng no mo but fiue thou sand Macedones in his host vanquished the Romaines in thre pitched fieldes He heard saye that Hanniball by thâ—… space of xvi yeres abode in Italy like a conqueroure and â—…ad taken the city of Rome it selfe had not the preuy malice and enuy of his owne country men ben a greater hinderaunce to him then the power of the Romaynes He hard say that the Frenchmen inhabiting on the other side of the Alpes entered into Italye and there placed theym selues in moste of the welthiest cityes of all the countrye seisynge into theyr possession somewhat a larger piece of ground euery way then that which they had gotten in Asia for all it is counted so weake and cowardly Moreouer that the said French men hadde not onlye vanquished the Romaines but also taken their city in so muche that they left theÌ„no more in all the world but one hill from whens whence they were saine to remoue theyr ennemye not by battel but by raunsome The which Frenchemen whose name had alwaâ—…es ben so terrible to the Romaynes he had to strenghten him in his host For there was no differeÌ„ce betwene the Frenchmen that inhabit Asia and the Frenchmen that inhabit Italy but onely the distance of their dwellyngs asunder As for their originall their prowesse and their maner of feightyng was all one sauyng that these in Asia musâ—… nedes be of so much more pollicie and witte as they haue comme a wore longe and â—…edious youâ—…ney through Sclauany Thrace beyng a farre paynfuller matter to make themselues waye through those countries then to place themselues where they nowe inhabit Furthermore he heard say that Italy it selfe was neuer yet well pleased with Rome synce it was fyrst buylded but that continuallie froÌ„ yere to yere incessant warre had ben made by some for their libertie and by other sâ—…m for the right right of th empyre insomuch that by report manie cyties of Italie had vtterlie destroyed the Romain Armies by the sworde and some with a new kynde of reproche had compelled them shamefullye to crepe vnder a yoke And forbycause he should not seme to make long tarians in matters of old tyme euen the very same present all Italy was rysen to warre ioyntlie togyther with the marses not to demaund lybertie but Societie in Th empyre and in the Cytie itself Neyther was the Cytie oppressed more by the warres of their neighbours in Italie then by the partakyng of her owne noblemen at home so that the Ciuil warres were farre more dangerous then the forren warres of Italy besydes that the Cymbrians that vnmeasurable and moste fyltierable of sauage and vnmercifull rascalles were swarmed oute of Germanie and ouerwhelmed all Italy lyke a storm Of al the which forenamed nacions although the Romayns mighte perchaunce be able to withstande the brunt one after an other yet by all at once they must nedes be oppressed and that so sone that they should haue no leasur at al to think vppon his warres wherfore occasion ought to be taken when iâ—… was offered and good holde ought to be layed with spede vppon the iucreasment of their strength least yf they now sate still whiles thother were busie and had their handes full anone after they haue might haue more a doe with them when they were in quiet had nothyng els to dooe For it was not in question whether
kept more straightlie then he was before In processe of tyme when it was to be thought he would haue taryed for his chyldrens sake that he had by his wyfe accoÌ„panied with his foresayd frende he stale away agayn But euen with lyke infelicitie as before he was apprehended nere vnto the lymites of his owne kyngdome and beyng broughte backe agayn vnto the kyng was commaunded out of his presence in great displeasure Neuerthelesse beyng then also graunted his wyfe and children he was sente agayne into Hyrcanie his olde place of penaunce and was rewar ded with a payre of dyce of golde in exprobration of hys chyldishe lightnesse But this so gentle and fauorable demeanor of the Parthians towarde Demetrius proceded not of any mercie naturally engraffed in that nacion or in respect of Aliance and affynitie but bycause they coueted the kyngdome of Syria entending to vse Demetrius as an instrument agaynst his brother Antiochus accordyng as eyther the matter the tyme or the chaunce of warre should requyre Antiochus hearyng therof thoght it wysedome to preuent the warre and there vppon led his his host whiche he had hardened through manie viages and battelles agaynst his neyghboures agaynste the Parthians But he made preparacion as much for ryot as for warre For wheras he had eight hundred thousand men of warre there wer besydes thre hundred thousand others that followed the host of the which the moste part were Cokes bakers and mynstrels players of enterludes Surely of gold syluer ther was so great abundaÌ„ce that euen the coÌ„mon souldiers ware their hosen enbroydered with golde trode vnder their fete the metall for loue of which other people were wonte to fyght and kyll one another Moreouer all the furniture of kytchens wer of cleane syluer as though they had gone to banquetting and not to battell At Antiochus fyrste commyng manye kyngs of the East mette him yelded themselfes their kyngdomes vnto him vtterlie detestyng the pryde of the Parthians It was not long ere it came to thencounter Antiochus gettyng thupper hand in thre fought fieldes and thervppon winnyng Babylon by force began to be counted great By meanes whereof all countries reuolted so fast vnto him that the Parthians had nothyng left them more then the bare soyle of their owne Realme of Parthia Then Prahartes sent Demetrius into Syria with an host of Parthians to inuade the kyngdome to thintent that by that pollicie Antiochus might be enforced to withdrawe himself out of Parthia to the defence of his owne Realme In the meane whyle bycause he could not ouercom Antiochus by force he sought meanes to surprise him by pollicie Antiochus by reason he hadde such a multitude dispersed all his army into the Cyties duryng the wynter season the which thyng was his vtter vndâ—…yng For the Cyties felyng themselfes greued with victailyng of hiis hoste also with the iniurious demeanour of the souldiers reuolted agayn to the Parthians and on a day appointed for the nones all at one tyme by trayterous conspiracie set vppon the hoste as it was deuided among them seuerllie to th entent they shoulde not be able to rescowe one another when tydinges herof came to Antiochus he assembled suche as wyntered with him went to rescow them that were nerest But in his way he met with the kyng of Parthians against whome he fought more valiauntlie himself then dydde his hoste Notwithstandyng at the laste forasmuche his ennemies were of more force and courage his men for feare forsoke him and so he was slayne For whome Phrahartes made a royal herce dyd exequies after the maner of Prynces and moreouer beyng taken in loue with the daughter of Demetrius whome Antiochus had broght with him he toke her to wyfe Then it repented him that he had let go Demetrius he sent oute menne in post after him to fetche him backe But Demetrius dreadyng the same thyng before hand had made such spede that they founde him in his owne kyngdome so beyng frustrate of theire trauell expectation they returned to the kyng The. xxxix Boke AFter that Antiochus with all hs army was thus destroyed in Parthia his brother Demetrius beyng delyuered from captsuitie of the Parthians and restored to his kyngdome when as all Syria as yet mourned for the losse of the armye as though the warres that he and his brother made in Parthia in the whiche th one was taken prysoner and thother slayn had had prosperous successe he purposed to make warre in Egypt at the request of Cleopatra his wifes mother who promysed to gyue him the kyngdome of Egypte in recompence yf he would helpe to support her agaynste her brother But whyles he went about to get that that was another mans he lost his owne by meanes of a sodayne insurrection in Syria For first the Cytizens of An tioche throgh the instigacion of their Capitayne Tryfo 〈◊〉 the kynges pryde which by his conuersacion among the cruell Parthians was becomme intoierable and anone after the Apameniens with all the rest of the Cyties followyng their ensample toke occasion vpon the kynges absence and rebelled against him Ptolomy also kyng of Egypt against whome the sayd Demetrius made warre when he vnderstode that hys syster Cleopatra had shypped all hhr goods treasur and was sled into Syria to her daughter her 〈◊〉 in lawe Demetrius he suborned a certayn yong men of Egypte the son of Merchantman called Protarchus to chalenge the kyngdome of Syria by bâ—…ttell forging a pedegre as though Antiochus had adopted him into the blood royall And the Syrians cared not who were theyr kyng so they might be delyuered from the pryd of Demetrius So the yong man was proclaymed by the name of Alexander great succor was set to him oute of Egypt In the meane while the bodie of Antiochus slayne by the kyng of Parthia was sent into Syria in a coffyn of syluer to be buried the which was receyued with great reuerence by all the Cyties but chiefly by Alexander himselfe to th entent to make men oredyte the tale that he was adopted to be his heire The which his doyng wann him much fauor of the commonaltie all men thinkyng no lesse but that he ment good faith without dissimulacion in his sorowfull mournyng Demetrius beyng vanquished by Alexander and being enuyroned on all sydes with vnauoydable dauÌ„gers was at the last forsaken of his own wyfe childreÌ„ being therfore left desolate sauyng a fewe seruaunts as he was purposed to haue fled to the temple of Tyrus there to re gistre himself as a sanctuarieman yf percheunce the reue rence of the place might saue his lyfe when he went out to lande he was slayne by the commandement of the Ma ster of the shyppe The one of his sonnes whose name was Seleucus bycause he crowned himself kyng without his mothers conset was by her slayn Thother of his sonnes who for the greatnesse of his
captayn general agaynst them who as he lay at siege before the cytie with a great host of the best men that could be chosen in all the countrie saw in his slepe the likenesse of a womaÌ„ with a grim terrible contenance which saide she was a Goddesse at her syght he was so astraught that of his own mynde vn requested he made peace with y â— Massiliens And making request y â— he might enter into their cytie to worship their Goddes when he came into the teÌ„ple of Minerua espiyng in the porches the ymage of the Goddesse whiche he had sene in his dreame he cryed out sodaynlie that is was eueÌ„ she y â— had feared him in the night it was she that câ—…maun ded him to raise his siege Wheruppon greatly reioysing with the Massyliens bycause he perceyued that the Goddes immortall had suche care and regarde ouer them he gaue the Goddesse a chayne of Golde for an offering and made abonde of frendshyp and amitie with the MassilieÌ„s to coÌ„tinue for euer After that they had thus gotteÌ„ peace and established quietnesse the Massilieu 〈◊〉 returnyng from Delphos whether they had ben to carie presents vnto Apollo heard say that the Citie of Rome was taken and burnt by the Frenchmen The which â—…dynges when they had brought home the Massiliens pro claymed an vniuersall mournyng as if it had ben for the deathe of some especiall frendes and gathered all their Golde togyther as well priuate as publike the whiche they sent to make vp the Summe that the Frenchmen demaunded of the Romaynes for their raunsome and for to graunt them peace In recompence of whiche good turne they were made free of the Citie of Rome and placed amonge the Senatoures at all showes and pageantes And Alyance was knytte with them to be contynuallye reputed as Romaynes In his laste Booke Trogus declareth that his Auncestours fetche their Pe tegrie from the Uolces that his Graundfather Trogus Pompeius in the warres againste Sertorius dyd saue the Citie to Eneus Pompeius that his vncle hadde the leadynge of the Horsemen vnder the said Pompey in the warre againste Mythridates and that his father also serued in the warres vnder C. Caesar in the roume of Secretarie Lieuetenaunt and keper of his Seale The xliiii Boke SPayne lyke as it is the vttermost bownd of Europe so shall it also be th end of this woorke Men in olde tyme called it Iberia after the Ryuer Iberus and afterwarde they called it Spayne after the name of Hispalus This Countrey lyeth betwene affrike and Fraunce and is enclosed with thocean Sea the mountaines Pyrenei Lyke as it is lesser then anye of bothe those landes so is it more fertile then them bothe For neyther is it scorched with the outrageous heat of the sonne as Affrike is nor infèsted with contynuall windes as Fraunce is But as it is mydde betwene them both so on th one syde through temperate heat and on thother through the moysture os pleasaunt shoures fallynge in due season it becoÌ„meth fertilie of all kynde of fruite and graine in so muche that if not onely suffiseth thinhabytants therof but also sendeth abundaunce of all thynges into Italye and euen vnto Rome it selfe For there coÌ„meth from thence not onely great plentie of Corne and graine but also of wine hoÌ„ny and Oyle Besydes that there is not onely the best yron and steele that can be but also many races of most swifte horses neyther are the coÌ„modities that growe aboue the ground to be praysed onely but also the plentyfull riche Mynes of Mettalles hydden deepe within the grounde Of Flaxe and Baste there is great store and as for Uermilion there is no lande hath more plentie of it In this land are running Ryâ—…ers not violently outragiously flo wing to do any harm but gently moisting the vineyards and cornefieldes and where they ebbe and flow with the Oceane very full of all kynde of fysâ—…hes wherof many al so are riche of gold whiche they carrye to their great coÌ„mendacion Onely by the rydge of the mouÌ„tains Pyrenei is it parted froÌ„ Fraunce being on all other partes besyde enuironed rownd about with the Sea The platte of the land is almost fouresquare sauing that the Sea beatyng on both sydes doth gather it somewhat narrower at the mountaynes Pyrenei Moreouer whereas the Mountaynes Pyrenei ronne it is in bredth syx hundred myles The aire is holsome throughe all Spayne and the winde so coole in a temperate that there ryseth no stynkynge miâ—…tes out of the lowe groundes and marisses to infect it Besydes this the continuall ayre of the saltwater rysyng from the Sea round about on all sydes perseth throughe the whole countrie the whiche beyng qualyfied with the open aire of the land do chiefly preserue al men in health The bodies of the men are readie to endure hunger and payne their myndes readie to abyde deathe They liue all very nigardly and hardly they couet rather war then peace If they want a foreyn enemie they will seke one at home Oftentymes haue they dyed vpon the racke for concealyng thinges put to them in secret So much dooe they esteme more their secresie theÌ„ their lyues the which may well be perceyued by the sufferance of that seruaunt in the warres of Carthage who hauyng reuenged the death of his Master in the mids of his torments laughed reioysed with a mery and gladsome countenance vanquished the crueltie of his tormentours The people of that contrie are excedyng swift of foote vnquiet of mynd and many of them set more by their horses and armour then by their owne blood They make not anye preparature for feastyng but onely vppon high solemne dayes to washe in warme water they lerned of the Romayns after the second warres with Carthage Duryng the con tinuance of so many hundred yeres they neuer had anye worthie captayne sauyng Uiriatus Who by the space of tenne yeres togither helde y e Romains at the staues end sometime to his gain sometime to his losse so much wer they of nature more like brute beastes then like men the which forenamed captayn they followed not as one chosen by the discretion of men but onely bycause he was pol litique connyng in auoidyng eschewyng of daungers Yet notwithstandyng he was of that vertuous behauior modestie that albeit he oftentmies vanquished the consuls with their armies yet after so greate enterprises atcheued he neither changed the fashioÌ„ of his armour neyther altered the fashion of his apparell nor brake he thor der of his dyet but loke in what sorte he began fyrste his warres in the same he continued to the last so that there was neuer a coÌ„mon souldier but semed welthier then the Captayn It is reported of diuers writers y e about the riuer Tagus in Portingal mares doe coÌ„ceiue w t the wind The which fable sprang fyrste of the frutefulnesse
thinge it is awonder to see howe sore men deceyue them selues whiles they imagine that the bare hystory is of it self able enough to enstruct the reader whereas in dede it doth no more but minister matter to learne vpon offeryng it selfe to all vses accordynge as the person is affectioned in lyke case as doth the feast For some we see haue none other delyght but only in the reading who sekyng no more but that only one delectation do loose all thother goodly and pleasaunte fruites thereof Such men gayne nothyng more by the readyng of an Historye than they that playe vpon a harpe or a lute to driue away the time as a man would saye to passe ouer the troublesomnesse of the tyme present shortlye after to enter into a greater and more troublesome conflycte wyth them selues For it is no pleasure that hath no respect vnto vertue Othersome the glyttering glosse of glory so much pricketh forward and which in other matters is vnstablenessof minde to no purpose transformeth that they thynke nothynge to great for theym nor nothynge to â—…arre aboue theyr reache quyte forgettyng that those gloryous examples are not set for theÌ„ by wryters for any other intent then that suche as reade them ensewynge vertue maye learnâ—… to condemne glory yf none be offered or if it accompany theÌ„ not to be proud and arrogant therfore And although that none but fooles â–ª will go about to aspire to the lyke glorye without the like vertue yet notwithstanding we see some which for none other cause but that they haue read the noble actes of others do thinke them selues hyghe wyse men and take muche vppon theym lyke vnto players of Tragedies whiche when they haue put of thapparell wherein they played the partes of moste noble personage do also counterfeyte them in countenance and behauiour There are also and those not a fewe whyche delyghte onelye in strannge thinges and wonders menne of vulgare and rude vnderstandynge who after the maner of thunskylfull people oftentimes make more of a mannes gaye cote than of the person him selfe and more of the outwarde shewe than of the worke So wonderfull a power hath an Historye to worke in the mindes of the Readers Nowe whereas it is the chiefest poynt that belongeth to an Historye to styrre vp the minde of man from slouthfulnesse and to fence it agaynste all daungers and that the strengthe of examples then the whych there is nothynge of greater force to perswade and disswade inespecially tendeth to that ende and purpose it commeth to passe through the carelesse securitye of men beleuing that other mennes perilles perteyne nothyng to them selues that such thinges as are most worthy of remembraunce are hearde and reade with deaffe and stopped eares Finallye there be whiche a man woulde not beleue that transgresse euen agaynst the very same parte that conteineth most graue and serious matters as though thinges should be wrytten not as they were done in dede but as they ought to haue bene done Therefore partely by meanes of that careles securitye and partlye by meanes of that surfet of rashe and vnaduised readynge it commeth to passe that euen as it were of corrupt humours a certayne corruptnesse of iudgemente and peruersenesse of opinion which ought to be most vpright and found as concerninge the life and an vnstedfaste and slipperye tradâ—… and tenor of lyuing is taken vp and that in likewyse as to inordinate persons their meate doth them no good euen in lyke casâ—… there commeth no profite at all to vs of our reading I thinke you maye now perceyue howe the maner of readyng Hystories and of looking vpon a mannes lyfe is well nye all one And the greatest difficultie is this I mean the peruersenesse of our owne iudgement which causeth vs to be driuen not that way that the examples oughte to beare greatest sway of them selues but that way that our mynde is moste enclined and bent vnto This is also another and of no lesse force than thother aforesayde that writeth do in such wise set forth things that they not only seke to be wel liked but also folowing as it were the taste of their owne mouthes lyke as they were forgers of it them selues geue theyr iudgement and verdite vppon matters extollynge some thynges with hygh commendacions as though they would haue all other men to like those thinges which they most fancied them selues The which thing yf so be it they dyd it without colour it were easier to consente or dissente therefro But nowe in lykewise as Cookes haue oftentymes more regard to the belly then to their maysters commoditie and profite euen so I would God that the wryters of Hystories for the most part sought not so muche to please and entice the Reader Therefore by two meanes are wee led awrye that is to saye by our owne iudgement and by the forespeakyng of the writers as by them that write not matters playnely and sincerely For an Historiographer is but an interpretour of thinges done with whose iudgemeÌ„t it there be any fault therein it standeth in like case as wheÌ„ a piece of wine that of it selfe beinge good pleasaunte and beawtifull doth eyther take an euill talent of the Caske or els is other wyse marred by minglyng some other thynge with yt the whiche is eyther a shamefull and intollerable 〈◊〉 or els a poynt of extreme folly and ignoraunce It ys to be sene by this one example what matter the iudgement of the wryter maketh A man of rawe aduisement that attributeth the bryngyng to passe of great matters to mannes pollicie although that by the determinacion of so many thinges he prove him selfe a lyar yet he casteth men into a great follye as whose knowledge do the beste they can beyng scarse able to wey and consider accordinglye the thinges that lye before theyr eyes theyr power and streÌ„gth not much excedyng the litle wormes because of one prosperous successe rashely taketh vppon it the rule of the whole world But such a man as is otherwyse enformed teaching that thinges are in deede put in execution by the pollicye of man but yet ruled and gouerned by the prouidence of God deliuereth men both from folly and also from another mischiefe as great as that whiche is supersticion By the resydue such as be good men whose study is altogether employed about matters apperteynyng to God oughte to knowe what difference there is betwene eche of theym and what theyr dutye is I geue this warning first of all for this purpose that forasmuch as I am of opinion that suche kinde of Authours are to be read and yt were for nothynge els but for the great aboundeunce of examples that they entreate of yong men should also thinke this howe circumpectelye and carefully they ought to be read consideryng how great fruytes or discommodities are in them propounded For it happeneth in lyke case to such as ymagine that in Hystorys may be read ouer lightly or the life to be passed ouer vnaduisedly without thexacte
obseruing and executyng of a mannes duetye as it doth to men of the countrey whyche in the sackyng of a citie come to the ryffling of some Apothecaries of Grocers shoppe plenteouslye furnyshed with al thynges belongyng to the crafte and beyng allured with the swetenesse of the confections and spices which they chaunce first to laye their handes on thynking all the residue to be of the same sorte do eate suppe deuour cramme in and lycke vp all that comes to hand in such wise that some fal sicke some runne madde some dye out of hand and euery one of them be maruaylouâ—…ye distempered so that all the armye laugh them to skorne for their labour For euen as the life is full of commodities and discommodities euen so is an hystorye which is the ymage and representacion of the life And the wysedome of the life consisteth onely in the vsage of the lyfe Farewell enioye these thinges to thy most furtheraunce and commoditye THE PREFACE OF THE MOST famous Historiographer Iustine vpon the Histories of Trogus Pompeius unto antoâ—…ye the Emperour WHereas many of the Romaines euen such as were of the state of Consuls had put thactes of the Romaynes in writing both in Greeke and also in other straunge language Trogus Pompeius a man of aunciente eloquence whether it were for desyre of lyke renowne and glory or for pleasure that he hadde in the varietie and straungenesse of the worke compiled as well the hystories of the Grekes as the Histories of al the whole world besides in the Lating touÌ„g to th entent that as our Chronicles are redde in Greeke so the Chronicles of the Greekes myght be red in our toung also Wherein he enterprysed a piece of worke of great payne both to bodye and mynde For seyng that many Authours which haue taken vpon them to put in writing the doinges of some one kynge or of some one peculiar kynd of people do thynke theym selues to haue taken a matter of great weyght in hand may we not wrothelye thynke Pompeius to haue bene as bolde as Hercules that durst aduenture vpon the whole world in whose bookes are conteyned the doinges of all ages of all Kynges of all nacions and of all contreyes And those thinges that the Greeke Chroniclers haue entreated vpoÌ„ disorderly as euery man thought moste conueniente for hym selfe all the same thynges hath Pompeius plaring them in theyr tymes and settyng them in due order compyled in Hystorye omittyng all such thinges as were not profytable to be spoken of Therfore of these xliiii volumes for so many dyd Pompeye set forth by leasure durynge the tyme that I was in the Cytie I drewe out all such thinges as I thought worthy to be knowen â—… leauing out such thinges the knowledge wherof could not haue delyghted nor yet were necessary for example I haue gathered as it were a little bundle of flowres to th eÌ„tent that such as haue learned Greeke might haue whereby to be admonyshed and they which haue not learned Greeke whereby to be instructed The whyche I haue dedicated vnto youre maiesty not so much to read as to peruse and correcte and also to th entent to geue an accâ—…unpte of spending my time whereof Cato willeth a due accompte to be made For it suffiseth me at this present yf your highenes do allow my doynges trusting hereafter that when the brunte of slaunderous enuye is ouerpaste they that come after me shall beare witnesse of my trauaile and paynes takynge Farewell ¶ The first Booke OF THABRIDGEMENT OF Histories taken out of the Hystorye of Trogus Pompeius by Iustine the Historiographer IN the first beginnyng of thinges the rule and gouernement of countreyes and nacions was in the handes of kynges Who were aduaunced to this hyghe estate and preheminence not through ambicion and fauour of the comminaltye but for their vertuous and modeste behauioure suffycientlye tryed and approued amongest good men There were no lawes to bynd men to their obedience but the commaundementes of Princes were in steade of lawes whose custome was rather to defend thaâ—… enlarge y â— borders of their kyngdomes And there was none that woulde vsurpe or take vpon him further than in his owne countreye where he was borne Ninus kyng of Thassirians did first alter and breake this olde and aunciâ—…t custome of the Gentiles through a straunge desyre of bearyng rule For he first made warre vpon his neyghbours and conquered the nacions whyche yesiknewe not howe to make resystence agaynste hym euen vnto the borders of Affricke There were before his tyme two auncient kynges Uexores kyng of Egypt and Tanais kyng of Scithia of the which th one made a voyage into Pontus and the other into Egypt But they made warre a farre of and not nere home not of purpose to enlarge theyr empyre but to wine honour and renowne of Chiualry to their subiectes and so beyng satisfyed with the victory they absteined from bearing rule But Ninus continually dilated his Empire by seizing into his possession such countreyes as he wonne By reason whereof hauing subdewed his neyghbours and ioyning theyr power vnto his and so goyng euer stronger and stronger to the next eche former victory beyng an occasion and furtheraunce to the next followyng he conquered all the Easter parte of the world The last fyeld that he fought was with zoroastres kyng of the Bactrians who is reported to haue first inueÌ„ted art Magicke and diligeÌ„tly to haue serched out the beginning of the world and the mouinge of the starres This zoroastres beyng slaine Ninius him selfe also dyed leauynge behinde him a sonne as then vnder age called Ninus by his wyfe Semiramis She durst neyther put the gouernement of the Empyre to the child beyng vnder yeares of discrescion nor yet her selfe take it vppon her openly Wisely foreseing and thinkinge with her selfe that so manye and so mightye nacions whych scarcelye by their good willes would obey a man would muche lesse abyde to be subiect to a woman Therefore where as she was Ninus wyfe she fayned her selfe to be his sonne and whereas she was a woman she fayned her selfe to be a boye And she myght well do it For they were both of a meane stature both of them spake small and in the â—…amentes and proporcion of bodye was lytle difference betwyxte them Wherefore she put on mannes apparayle and close hosen and on her head she ware a kynde of coyâ—…e called Tyara And for bycause folke shoulde not mistrust any thyng to be hidden vnder this newe found apparell she commaunded the people to be apparelled after the same sorte the whyche kynde of attyre all Thassirians haue euer vsed froÌ„ that day to thys Thus at the fyrste by counterfaytyng the kynde she was taken for a boye Afterward she atchieued manye noble enterprises by the greatnesse whereof when she thoughte she had ouercome enuye she confessed who she was and whoÌ„ she counterfeyted Neyther dyd this her doyng diminishe the honour and estimation
league with Agathocles by his ambassadoures and bad conditioned with him that when the Carthaginenses were ones ouercome Agathocles should take thempire of Sicil and he thempire of Affrick Therfore when Tphel las was come with a great host to aid him in the warres Agathocles entertaining him with fair words and counterfet curtesy very lowly and humbly because Ophellas had adopted him his sonne after they had manye times often dined and supped together he slewe him vnwares and entring vpon his armye in an other sore encounter vanquished the Carthaginenses nowe comminge to the fielde withal the power and furniture they were hable to make not without great slaughter and bludshed on both partes Through the discomfiture of this ouerthrow the Carthaginenses wer brought to such an after deale that if there had not risen a mutiny in Agathocles camp Bomilcar the captaine of the Carthaginenses had wyth hys army reuolted vnto him For the whiche offence the Carthagi nailed him vpon a crosse in the mids of the market place to th entent that the same place might be a monument and remembraÌ„ce of his punishment whiche had befâ—…re times bene an aduauncement of his honor But Bomilcar toke very stoutlye the cruelty of his country in so muche that from the toppe of the crosse as if it had beene from the iudgement seate he preched against the wickednesse of his citizens obiectynge to them somtime their vnrightfull entrapping of Hanno vpon malice and enuy falsely surmising that he went about to make himself king someitme the banishment of innocent Gysgo without cause why sometime theyr seacrete verdits against his vncle Hamilcar because he sought to make Agathocles their frende rather then theyr enemy WheÌ„ he had vttred these things with a loud voyce in a great audiens of people he gaue vp the ghost In the meane season Agathocles hauing put his enemies to the worse in Affricke deliuering the charge of his host to his sonne Archagathus returned himself with spede into Sicill thincking that all that euer he had doone in Aâ—…ricke was to no purpose if Syracuse were still beâ—…ieged For after that Hamilcar the sonne of Gâ—…go was slayne the Carthaginenses sent thither a new hoste of men Therfore assoone as Agathocles was come into Sicil all the cities hearing of his doings in Affâ—…icke yelded them selues to him who mighte yelde fasâ—…est by meanes wherof haâ—…ing driuen the Carthaginenses out of Sicill he toke vppon him as kingdome of all the whole Ilande When he came into Affrick again his souldiours welcomed him with a mutiny For his sonne had delayed y â— paiment of their wages vntill the comming of his father Wherfore he called them before him and entreted them with gentle words saying they ought not to demauÌ„d wa ges at his hand but to seke it at their ennemies hand for as the victory shuld extend to thâ—…m al so the pray shuld be common to them all in likewise Desiringe them to playe the men and take pain a litle while vntil the remnant of the warres wer dispatched considering they knew wel â—…nough y â— if Carthage were ones taken it were able to satisfy al their desires w t more then they could â—…ope for Ha uing thus appeased the vprour in his caÌ„pe within a fewe daies after he led his army to the camp of his ennemies There by setting vpon them vnaduisedly be lost the grea ter part of his army Being therfore retired into his caÌ„pe when he perceiued howe his souâ—…diers grudged maligued at him for aduenturing so rashly vâ—…aduisedlye fearing moreouer thold displesure for nonpaimeÌ„t oâ—… their wa ges â–ª in the dead of the night he fled out of the campe taking no mo with him but onlye his sonne Archagathus The which thing wheÌ„ his souldiers vnderstode they qua ked for fear as if they had bene taken prisoners by theyr enemies crying out that their king had now twise forsaken theÌ„ in the mids of their enemies and that he had left theÌ„ in danger of their liues whome he ought not to haue left vnburied As they would haue pursued the king they wer stopped by the Minidians and so returned into their caÌ„pâ—… hauing taken archagathus who had lost hys father by reason of the darknesse of the night agathocles in the same ships that he came in out of Sicil with suche as he had left in them to kepe them was transported vnto Syracuse a singuler example of wickednesse a kyng to be a forsaker of his own army and a father to be a betrayer of his own children In the meane time in affrike after the flying away of the king his souldiours falling to composition with their ennemies slue agathocles sonnes yelded theÌ„ selues to the Carthaginenses archagathus when he shuld be put to deth by arcesâ—…laus one that before time had bene his fathers frend asked him what he thought agathocles woulde doo to his children by whome he was made childelesse Then he answered it was inoughâ—… for him that he knewe they were a liue after the children of agathocles after this the Carthaginenies sent captains into Sicil to pursue the remnaunt of the war with whoÌ„e agathocles made peace vpon indifferent articles ¶ The. xxiii Booke AGathocles king of Sicil hauynge made peace with the Carthaginienses subdued certaine of the Cities whiche vppon truste of theyr owne strengthe rebelled agaynste him Here vpon as thoughe he had bene enclosed in a straight wythin the Ilande of the Empire where of at the first beginning he looked not for any part at all he passed in to Italye following the ensample of Dennis which subdued manye cities of Italy The first therfore whome he proclaimed his enemies were the Brutians whiche seemed to be bothe of mooste puissaunce and of most wealth and also rediest to do their neyghboures wrong For they had erpulsed many cities of the Greke discent out of Italye Furthermore they hadde also vâ—…nquished theâ—…r owne founders the Lucanes and made peace with them vppon equall conditions So cruell harted were they that they spared not euen theyr owne fyrste founders The Lucranes did bring vp theyr children after the same maneâ—… that the Lacedemonians are wont to doo For from the verye fyrst time they began to grow past childreÌ„ they wer kept in the country among shepherdes and grasiers wythout attendans or seruice without garmentes to put on theyr backes or bed to lie vpon to th entent y t from their tender yeres they might enure theÌ„ selues without help of y e city to away with hardnesse and sparinge Their meate was such as they could get by huntinge theyr drynke was eyther methe milcke or elsse faire water of the sprynge so were they hardened to endure the paynes of warrefare of this sort of people fifty at the first being wont to steal cattel out of their neighboures grounde and afterwarde growing to a greater noumber by the resort of such persons as were allured
to liue vppon the spoyle made the country so hot that no man almost durste stirre abroade Dennis therfore king of Sicil being in manner wearyed with the continuall complaintes of his confederates sent ouer syre hundred Afres to suppresse them whose castle by the treason of a woman called Brutia they won and there builded a city which was soone peopled by the confluens of the shepheardes resorting thither vpon hope of the new city and they called them selues Brutians after the name of the woman The firste warre that they had was with the Lucanes the authors of their begynninge With the which victory being encouraged and hauynge concluded an equall and indiâ—…erent peace with theÌ„ they conquered their other neighbours by the sword and they gat so great richesse and power within a while that they seemed pernitious and able to doo displeasure euen vnto kinges Finally A lerander king of Epire comminge into Italy with a great hoste to the aid of the Greke Cityes was wythall his army by them vtterly destroyed Wher vppon their cruelnesse being enflamed wyth contynuall successe of prosperity became terrible to their neighbors a long time after At the last Agathocles beinge called to help in hope to enlarge his kingdome passed out of Sicilie into Italy As he was comming toward them for fear of his puissaunce they sent their ambassadoures to hym requesting him of peace and frendship Whome Agathocles biddinge to supper to the entent they shoulde not see the shippinge of his armye appoynted to common wyth them the next day and so in the meane while toke shippe priuely and stale ouer from them But the ende of thys fraude was not to be reioâ—…sed at For within a few daies after he was constrained to retourne into Sicill by the force of a disease wherwith he was taken ouer all his body â–ª the pestilent humor spreding it self throughe euery sinew and ioynt as thaugh that euery member had ben at ciuil war one against another Of the whiche no hope of recouery appering there arose war betwene his sone and his nephew eche of them chalenging the kingdome as if he had bene dead all redy in the which his son was slain and his nephew vsurped the kingdom Agathocles therfore when he saw the grief of his disease the thought of his minde stil greuouser and greuouser eche encreasyng by the furtherance of the other being vtterly in despair caused his wife Theogen to take his two litle soÌ„nes that he hadde begotten of her withal his treasure housholde houshold stuffe and princelye furniture appertaining vnto him of which no king was better stored then he was and to saile into Egipte from whence he tooke her to hys wife for feare least his nephewe who had robbed hym of his kingdom shuld also play the enemy with them How be it his wife entreted him earnestly a great while that she mighte not be drawen from him in his sicknesse least her departure might be worthely likened to the murther done by his nephew and men might reporte that she had as cruelly abandoned her husbande as he had supplanted his graundfather saying that when she was marryed to him he toke her not to be his companion and partaker of prosperitye onlye but of all other fortune what so euer should happen Wherfore it should not greue her to loose her life so she mighte tarye with her husband to the laste gaspe and according to her duty as she was bouÌ„d of loue and womanhode to do see him honorably entred whyche thing were she ones gone no man would take vpon hym to do When the litle ones should goo away they embraced their father and held him aboute the necke wepynge and crying oute on the other side the wife as she that neuer loked to se her husband more had neuer done kissyng him And it was a lamentable thing to se how pitâ—…ouslye thold man wept the children bewailing the father ready to die and the father moning his banished children The one sorowing to leaue their sicke and diseased olde father all alone as desolate the other lamentinge to leaue hys sonnes in penury whom he had begotten to inherite his kingdome Moreouer all the palace range with the noyse of such as stode about weping and sorowing to se â—…o cruel a deuorce and departure At the lengthe the necessitye of their forced departing was the end of their wepyng and the death of the king ensued immediatly vpon the departure of the children While these thinges were a doinge the Carthaginenses hauing intelligence howe the world went in Sicil thincking good occasion to be geuen theÌ„ of recouering the whole Iland sailed thither with a greate power subdued manye cities The same time Pyrrhus made warre against the Romains who as is said before beinge desired to come to the ayde of the Sicilians when he came to Syracuse and hadde subdued many Cityes he was proclaimed king of Sicil like as he was of Epyre. In the prosperous successe of which things greatly reioysing he appoynted that his sonne Heleu should be king of Sicil as in the righte of his graundfather for he was begotten of king Agathocles daughter and his sonne Alexander should be king of Italy After this he foughte many prosperous battels with the Carthaginenses Wythin a while after there came ambassadors from his conâ—…ederates in Italy bringing him word that it was not possible to make resistens againste the Romaines but that they must nedes yeld onlesse he reseued them Being troubled with so doutful a daunger and not knowing what to do or which of them he might rescue fyrst he toke spedy aduice as concerning both For the one side the Carthaginises assailed him and on the other side the Romaines so that it semed a daungerous matter not to passe his army into Italy and yet more daungerous to lead his hoste 〈◊〉 of Sicil least the one should be lost for want of succoure or the other by withdrawing his helpe from them In this rage of daungers the sureâ—… hauen of all other counsels and aduises semed to be fyrst with al his power to try the matter in Sicil and then hauing vanquished y â— Carthaginenses to transport his victorious army into Italy Therfore all be it he gate the vpper hande in that battel yet notwithstanding for as muche as he went hys way out of Sicil he was accompted to run away as a vaÌ„quished person and therefore his alies and confederates reuolted from him By meanes wherof he lost the kyngdome as lightly as he came by it easly Furthermore finding no better successe in Italye then he had in Sicill be retired into Epire. The wonderfull chaunce of bothe is to be noted for ensample For euen as before throughe prosperous fortune all things flowing beyond his desire and expectation he had gotten the Empire of Italye and Sicill with so manye victories againste the Romaines so now when fortune had chaunged her copy as it were