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A12458	Advertisements for the unexperienced planters of New-England, or any where. Or, The path-way to experience to erect a plantation With the yearely proceedings of this country in fishing and planting, since the yeare 1614. to the yeare 1630. and their present estate. Also how to prevent the greatest inconveniences, by their proceedings in Virginia, and other plantations, by approved examples. With the countries armes, a description of the coast, harbours, habitations, land-markes, latitude and longitude: with the map, allowed by our royall King Charles. By Captaine Iohn Smith, sometimes governour of Virginia, and admirall of Nevv-England.	Smith, John, 1580-1631.; Pass, Simon van de, 1595?-1647, engraver.	1631 (1631)	STC 22787; ESTC S121885	31,468	55

among the natives till he had learned their language then he perswaded them to become Christians shewing them a Testament some parts thereof expounding so well as he could but they so much derided him that he told them hee feared his God would destroy them whereat the King assembled all his people about a hill himselfe with the Christian standing on the top demanded if his God had so many people and able to kill all those He answered yes and surely would and bring in strangers to possesse their land but so long they mocked him and his God that not long after such a sicknesse came that of five or six hundred about the Massachusets there remained but thirty on whom their neighbours fell and slew twenty eight the two remaining fled the Country till the English came then they returned and surrendred their Countrey and title to the English if this be not true in every particular excuse me I pray you for I am not the Author but it is most certaine there was an exceeding great plague amongst them for where I have seene two or three hundred within three yeares after remained scarce thirty but what disease it was the Salvages knew not till the English told them never having seene nor heard of the like before CHAP. 4. Our right to those Countries true reasons for plantations rare examples MAny good religious devout men have made it a great question as a matter in conscience by what warrant they might goe to possesse those Countries which are none of theirs but the poore Salvages Which poore curiosity will answer it selfe for God did make the world to be inhabited with mankind and to have his name knowne to all Nations and from generation to generation as the people increased they dispersed themselves into such Countries as they found most convenient And here in Florida Virginia New-England and Cannada is more land than all the people in Christendome can manure and yet more to spare than all the natives of those Countries can use and culturate And shall we here keepe such a coyle for land and as such great rents and rates when there is so much of the world uninhabited and as much more in other places and as good or rather better than any wee possesse were it manured and used accordingly If this be not a reason sufficient to such tender consciences for a copper kettle and a few toyes as beads and hatchets they will fell you a whole Countrey and for a small matter their houses and the ground they dwell upon but those of the Massachusets have resigned theirs freely Now the reasons for plantations are many Adam and Eve did first begin this innocent worke to plant the earth to remaine to posterity but not without labour trouble and industry Noah and his family began againe the second plantation and their seed as it still increased hath still planted new Countries and one Country another and so the world to that estate it is but not without much hazard travell mortalities discontents and many disasters had those worthy Fathers and their memorable off-spring not beene more diligent for us now in those ages than wee are to plant that yet unplanted for after-livers Had the seed of Abraham our Saviour Christ Jesus and his Apostles exposed themselves to no more dangers to plant the Gospell wee so much professe than we even we our selves had at this present beene as Salvages and as miserable as the most barbarous Salvage yet uncivilized The Hebrewes Lacedemonians the Goths Grecians Romans and the rest what was it they would not undertake to inlarge their Territories inrich their subjects and resist their enemies Those that were the founders of those great Monarchies and their vertues were no silvered idle golden Pharisies but industrious honest hearted Publicans they regarded more provisions and necessaries for their people than jewels ease and delight for themselves riches was their servants not their masters they ruled as fathers not as tyrants their people as children not as slaves there was no disaster could discourage them and let none thinke they incountered not with all manner of incumbrances and what hath ever beene the worke of the best great Princes of the world but planting of Countries and civilizing barbarous and inhumane Nations to civility and humanity whose eternall actions fils our histories with more honour than those that have wasted and consumed them by warres Lastly the Portugals and Spaniards that first began plantations in this unknowne world of America till within this 140. yeares whose everlasting actions before our eyes will testifie our idlenesse and ingratitude to all posterity and neglect of our duty and religion wee owe our God our King and Countrey and want of charity to those poore Salvages whose Countries we challenge use and possesse except wee be but made to mar what our forefathers made or but only tell what they did or esteeme our selves too good to take the like paines where there is so much reason liberty and action offers it selfe having as much power and meanes as others why should English men despaire and not doe so much as any Was it vertue in those Heros to provide that doth maintaine us and basenesse in us to doe the like for others to come Surely no then seeing wee are not borne for our selves but each to helpe other and our abilities are much alike at the howre of our birth and minute of our death seeing our good deeds or bad by faith in Christs merits is all wee have to carry our soules to heaven or hell Seeing honour is our lives ambition and our ambition after death to have an honourable memory of our life and seeing by no meanes wee would be abated of the dignitie and glorie of our predecessors let us imitate their vertues to be worthily their successors or at least not hinder if not further them that would and doe their utmost and best endevour CHAP. 5. My first voyage to new England my returne and profit TO begin with the originals of the voyages to those coasts I referre you to my generall history for New-England by the most of them was esteemed a most barren rocky desart Notwithstanding at the sole charge of some Merchants of London and my selfe 1614. within eight weekes sayling I arrived at Mo●ahigan an I le in America in 43. degrees 39. minutes of Northerly latitude Had the fishing for Whale proved as we expected I had stayed in the Country but we found the plots wee had so false and the seasons for fishing and trade by the unskilfulnesse of our Pylot so much mistaken I was contented having taken by hookes and lines with fifteene or eighteene men at most more than 60000. Cod in lesse than a moneth whilest my selfe with eight others of them might best be spared by an houre glasse of three moneths ranging the coast in a small boat got for trifles eleven hundred Bever skins beside Otters and Martins all amounting to the

value of fifteene hundred pound and arrived in England with all my men in health in six or seven moneths But Northward the French returned this yeare to France five and twenty thousand bevers and good furres whilest we were contending about Patents and Commissions with such fearefull incredulity that more dazeled our eyes than opened them In this voyage I tooke the description of the coast as well by map as writing and called it New-England but malicious mindes amongst Sailers and others drowned that name with the eccho of Nusconcus Canaday and Penaquid till at my humble sute our most gracious King Charles then Prince of Wales was pleased to confirme it by that title and did change the barbarous names of their principall Harbours and habitations for such English that posterity may say King Charles was their Godfather and in my opinion it should seeme an unmannerly presumption in any that doth alter them without his leave My second voyage was to beginne a Plantation and to doe what else I could but by extreme tempests that bore neare all my Masts by the boord being more than two hundred leagues at Sea was forced to returne to Plimoth with a Jury-Mast The third was intercepted by English and French Pyrats by my trecherous company that betrayed me to them who ran away with my Ship and all that I had such enemies the Sailers were to a Plantation and the greatest losse being mine did easily excuse themselves to the Merchants in England that still provided to follow the fishing much difference there was betwixt the Londoners and the Westerlings to ingrosse it who now would adventure thousands that when I went first would not adventure a groat yet there went foure or five good Ships but what by their dissention and the Turkes men of warre that tooke the best of them in the Straits they scarce saved themselves this yeare At my returne from France I did my best to have united them but that had beene more than a worke for Hercules so violent is the folly of greedy covetousnesse CHAP. 6. A description of the Coast Harbours Habitations Land-marks Latitude Longitude with the map THis Country wee now speake of lyeth betwixt 41. and 44½ the very meane for heat and cold betwixt the Equinoctiall and 〈◊〉 North Pole in which I have founded about five and twenty very good Harbors in many whereof is Ancorage for five hundred good ships of any burthen in some of them for a thousand and more than three hundred Iles overgrowne with good timber or divers sorts of other woods in most of them in their seasons plenty of wilde fruits Fish and Fowle and pure springs of most excellent water pleasantly distilling from their rockie foundations The principall habitations I was at North-ward was Pennobscot who are in warres with the Terentines their next Northerly neighbours Southerly up the Rivers and along the Coast wee found Mecadacut Segocket Pemmaquid Nusconcus Sagadahock Satquin Aumughcawgen and Kenabeca to those belong the Countries and people of Segot igo Pauhuntanuck Pocopassum Taughtanakagnet Wabigganus Nassaque Masherosqueck Wawrtgwick Moshoquen Waccogo Pasharanack c. To those are alied in confederacy the Countries of Aucocisco Accominticus Passataquak Augawoam and Naemkeck all these for any thing I could perceive differ little in language or any thing though most of them be Sagamos and Lords of themselves yet they hold the Bashabes of Pennobscot the chiefe and greatest amongst them The next is Mattahunt Totant Massachuset Paconekick then Cape Cod by which is Pawmet the Iles Nawset and Capawuck neere which are the shoules of Rocks and sands that stretch themselves into the maine Sea twenty leagues and very dangerous betwixt the degrees of 40. and 41. Now beyond Cape Cod the land extendeth it selfe Southward to Virginia Florida the West-Indies the Amazons and Brasele to the straits of Magelanus two and fifty degrees Southward beyond the Line all those great Countries differing as they are in distance North or South from the Equinoctiall in temper heat cold Woods Fruits Fishes Beasts Birds the increase and decrease of the night and day to six moneths day and six moneths night Some say many of those Nations are so brute they have no Religion wherein surely they may be deceived for myself I never saw nor heard of any Nation in the world which had not Religion Deare Bowes and Arrowes Those in New-England I take it beleeve much alike as those in Virginia of many divine Powers yet of one above all the rest as the Southerly Virginians call their chiefe God Kewassa and that we now inhabit Okae but all their Kings Werowances The M●ssichusots call their great God Kichtan and their Kings Sachemes and that we suppose their Devill they call Habamouk The Pennobscots their God Tantum their Kings Sagamos About those Countries are abundance of severall Nations and languages but much alike in their simple curiosities living and workemanship except the wilde estate of their chiefe Kings c. Of whose particular miserable magnificence yet most happy in this that they never trouble themselves with such variety of Apparell Drinkes Viands Sawses Perfumes Preservatives and nicities as we yet live as long and much more healthfull and hardy also the deities of their chiefest Gods Priests Conjurers Religion Temples Triumphs Physicke and Chirurgeric their births educations duty of their women exercise for their men how they make all their Instruments and Engines to cut downe Trees make their Cloaths Boats Lines Nets Fish-hooks Weres and Traps Mats Houses Pots Platters Morters Bowes Arrowes Targets Swords Clubs Jewels and Hatchets Their severall sorts of Woods Serpents Beasts Fish Fowle Roots Berries Fruits Stones and Clay Their best trade what is most fit to trade with them With the particulars of the charge of a fishing voyage and all the necessaries belonging to it their best countries to vent it for their best returnes also the particulars for every private man or family that goeth to plant and the best seasons to goe or returne thence with the particular description of the Salvages Habitations Harbours and Land markes their Latitude Longitude or severall distance with their old names and the new by the Map augmented Lastly the power of their Kings obedience of their subjects Lawes executions planting their Fields Huntings Fishings the manner of their warres and treacheries yet knowne and in generall their lives and conversation and how to bridle their brute barbarous and salvage dispositions of all these particulars you may reade at large in the generall History of Virginia New-England and the Summer Iles with many more such strange actions and accidents that to an ordinary capacity might rather seeme miracles than wonders possibly to bee effected which though they are but wound up as bottoms of fine silke which with a good needle might be flourished into a far larger worke yet the Images of great things are best discerned contracted into smaller glasses CHAP. 7. New Englands yearely trials the

ADVERTISEMENTS For the unexperienced Planters of New England or any where OR The Path-way to experience to erect a PLANTATION With the yearely proceedings of this Country in Fishing and Planting since the yeare 1614. to the yeare 1630. and their present estate Also how to prevent the greatest inconveniences by their proceedings in Virginia and other Plantations by approved examples With the Countries Armes a description of the Coast Harbours Habitations Land-markes Latitude and Longitude with the Map allowed by our Royall King CHARLES By Captaine IOHN SMITH sometimes Governour of VIROINIA and Admirall of NEVV-ENGLAND LONDON Printed by IOHN HAVILAND and are to be sold by ROBERT MILBOVRNE at the Grey-hound in Pauls Church-yard 1631. GENS IN COGNITA MIHI SERVIET To the Most Reverend Father in God GEORGE Lord Arch-Bishop of CANTERBVRIE his Grace Primate and Metrapolitan of all ENGLAND AND The Right Reverend Father in God SAMVEL Lord Arch-Bishop of YORKE his Grace Primate and Metrapolitan of ENGLAND MY most Gracious Good Lords I desire to leave testimony to the world how highly I honour as well the Miter as the Lance therefore where my last Booke presented three most honourable Earles with a subject of Warre and received from them favourable acceptance the worke I now prosecute concerning the Plantation of New-England for the increase of Gods Church converting Salvages and enlarging the Kings Dominions prostrates it selfe humbly to your Graces who as you are in the name of Prelacy to this Kingdome so you are to mee in goodnesse both Fathers and Protectors unexpectedly God long preserve your Gracious lives and continue favour Vnto both your Graces most devoted servant IOHN SMITH To the Reader HONEST READER APelles by the proportion of a foot could make the whole proportion of a man were hee now living he might goe to schools for now are thousands can by opinion proportion Kingdomes Cities and Lordships that never durst adventure to see them Malignancy I expect from those have lived 10. or 12. yeares in those actions and returne as wise as they went claiming time and experience for their tutor that can neither shift Sun nor Moone nor say their Compasse yet will tell you of more than all the world betwixt the Exchange Pauls and Westminster so it be newes it matters not what that will passe currant when truth must be stayed with an army of conceits that can make or marre any thing and tell as well what all England is by seeing but Milford haven as what Apelles was by the picture of his great too Now because examples give a quicker impression than arguments I have writ this discourse to satisfie understanding wisdome and honesty and not such as can doe nothing but finde fault with that they neither know nor can amend So I rest Your friend Iohn Smith The Sea Marke Aloofe aloofe and come no neare the dangers doe appeare Which if my ruine had not beene you had not seene I onely lie upon this shelfe to be a marke to all which on the same might fall That none may perish but my selfe If in or outward you be bound doe not forget to sound Neglect of that was cause of this to steare amisse The Seas were calme the wind was faire that made me so secure that now I must indure All weathers be they soule or faire The Winters cold the Summers heat alternatively beat Upon my bruised sides that ●ue because too true That no releefe can ever come But why should I despaire being promised so faire That there shall be a day of Dome The Contents CHAP. 1. WHat people they are that begin this plantation the bane of Virginia strange misprisions of wise men CHAP. 2. Needlesse custome effect of flattery cause of misery factions carelesse government the dissolving the Company and Patent CHAP. 3. A great comfort to new England it is no Iland a strange plague CHAP. 4. Our right to those Countries true reasons for plantations rare examples CHAP. 5. My first voyage to new England my returne and profit CHAP. 6. A description of the Coast Harbours Habitations Land-marks Latitude Longitude with the map CHAP. 7. New Englands yearely trials the planting new Plimoth supprisals prevented their wonderful industry and fishing CHAP. 8. Extremity next despaire Gods great mercy their estate they make good salt an unknowne rich myne CHAP. 9. Notes worth observation miserablenesse no good husbandry CHAP. 10. The mistaking of Patents strange effects incouragements for servants CHAP. 11. The planting Bastable or Salem and Charlton a description of the Massachusets CHAP. 12. Extraordinary meanes for building many caveats increase of corne how to spoyle the woods for any thing their healths CHAP. 13. Their great supplies present estate and accidents advantage CHAP. 14. Ecclesiasticall government in Virginia authority from the Arch Bishop their beginning at Bastable now called Salem CHAP. 15. The true modell of a plantation tenure increase of trade true examples necessity of expert Souldiers the names of all the first discoverers for plantations and their actions what is requisite to be in the Governour of a plantation the expedition of Queene Elizabeths Sea Captaines SIGISMVNDVS BATHORI D G DVX TRANSILVANIE WAL NONONONONONON ADVERTISEMENTS OR The Path-way to Experience to erect a Plantation CHAP. 1. What people they are that beginne this plantation the haue of Virginia strange misprisions of wisemen THe Warres in Europe Asia and Affrica taught me how to subdue the wilde Salvages in Virginia and New-England in America which now after many a stormy blast of ignorant contradictors projectors and undertakers both they and I have beene so tossed and tortured into so many extremities as despaire was the next wee both expected till it pleased God now at last to stirre up some good mindes that I hope will produce glory to God honour to his Majesty and profit to his Kingdomes although all our Plantations have beene so foyled and abused their best good willers have beene for the most part discouraged and their good intents disgraced as the generall History of them will at large truly relate you Pardon me if I offend in loving that I have cherished truly by the losse of my prime fortunes meanes and youth If it over-glad me to see Industry her selfe adventure now to make use of my aged endevours not by such I hope as rumour doth report a many of discontented Brownists Anabaptists Papists Puritans Separatists and such factions Humorists for no such they will suffer among them if knowne as many of the chiefe of them have assured mee and the much conferences I have had with many of them doth considently perswade me to writethus much in their behalfe I meane not the Brownists of Leyden and Amsterdam at New-Plimoth who although by accident ignorance and wilfulnesse have indured with a wonderfull patience many losses and extremities yet they subsist and prosper so well not any of them will abandon the Country but to the utmost of their powers increase their numbers But of those which

they saw our miseries and all things so cleane contrary to the report in England yet must I provide as well for them as for my selfe CHAP. 2. Needlesse custome effect of flatterr cause of misery factions carelesse government the dissolving the Company and Patent THis the Mariners and Saylers did ever all they could to conceale who had alwayes both good fare and good pay for the most part and part out of our owne purses never caring how long they stayed upon their voyage daily feasting before our faces when wee lived upon a little corne and water and not halfe enough of that the most of which we had from amongst the Salvages Now although there be Deere in the woods Fish in the rivers and Fowles in abundance in their seasons yet the woods are so wide the rivers so broad and the beasts so wild and wee so unskilfull to catch them wee little troubled them nor they us for all this our letters that still signified unto them the plaine truth would not be beleeved because they required such things as was most necessary but their opinion was otherwayes for they desired but to packe over so many as they could saying necessity would make them get victuals for themselves as for good labourers they were more usefull here in England but they found it otherwayes the charge was all one to send a workman as a roarer whose clamors to appease we had much adoe to get fish and corne to maintaine them from one supply till another came with more loyterers without victuals still to make us worse and worse for the most of them would rather starve than worke yet had it not beene for some few that were Gentlemen both by birth industry and discretion we could not possibly have subsisted Many did urge I might have forced them to it having authority that extended so farre as death but I say having neither meat drinke lodging pay nor hope of any thing or preferment and seeing the Merchants onely did what they listed with all they wrought for I know not what punishment could be greater than that they indured which miseries caused us alwaies to be in factions the most part striving by any meanes to abandon the Country and I with my party to prevent them and cause them stay But indeed the cause of our factions was bred here in England and grew to that maturity among themselves that spoyled all as all the Kingdome and other Nations can too well testifie Yet in the yeare 1622. there were about seven or eight thousand English as hath beene said so well trained secure and well furnished as they reported and conceited These simple Salvages their bosome friends I so much oppressed had laid their plot how to cut all their throats in a morning and upon the 22. of March so innocently attempted it they slew three hundred forty seven set their houses on fire slew their cattell and brought them to that distraction confusion within lesse than a yeare there were not many more than two thousand remaining the which losse to repaire the company did what they could till they had consumed all their stocke as is said then they broke not making any account nor giving satisfaction to the Lords Planters Adventurers nor any whose noble intents had referred the managing of this intricate businesse to a few that lost not by it so that his Majesty recalled their Commission and by more just cause then they perswaded King Iames to call in ours which were the first beginners without our knowledge or consent disposing of us and all our indevours at their pleasures CHAP. 3. A great comfort to new England it is no Iland a strange plague NOtwithstanding since they have beene left in a manner as it were to themselves they have increased their numbers to foure or five thousand and neere as many cattell with plenty of Goats abundance of Swine Poultry and Come that as they report they have sufficient and to spare to entertaine three or foure hundred people which is much better than to have many people more than provision Now having glutted the world with their too much over-abounding Tabacco Reason or necessity or both will cause them I hope learne in time better to fortifie themselves and make better use of the trials of their grosse commodities that I have propounded and at the first sent over and were it not a lamentable dishonour so goodly a Countrey after so much cost losse and trouble should now in this estate not bee regarded and supplied And to those of New-England may it not be a great comfort to have so neare a neighbour of their owne Nation that may furnish them with their spare cattell swine poultry and other roots and fruits much better than from England But I feare the seed of envy and the rust of covetousnesse doth grow too fast for some would have all men advance Virginia to the ruine of New-England and others the losse of Virginia to sustaine New-England which God of his mercy forbid for at first it was intended by that most memorable Judge Sir Iohn Popham then Lord chiefe Justice of England and the Lords of his Majesties Privy Councel with divers others that two Colonies should be planted as now they be for the better strengthening each other against all occurrences the which to performe shal ever be in my hearty prayers to Almighty God to increase and continue that mutuall love betwixt them for ever By this you may perceive somewhat what unexpected inconveniences are incident to a plantation especially in such a multitude of voluntary contributers superfluity of officers and unexperienced Commissioners But it is not so as yet with those for New-England for they will neither beleeve nor use such officers in that they are overseers of their owne estates and so well bred in labour and good husbandry as any in England where as few as I say was sent me to Virginia but these were naught here and worse there Now when these shall have laid the foundations and provided meanes beforehand they may entertain all the poore artificers and laborers in England and their families which are burthensome to their Parishes and Countries where they live upon almes and benevolence for want of worke which if they would but pay for their transportation they should never be troubled with them more for there is vast land enough for all the people in England Scotland and Ireland and it seemes God hath provided this Country for our Nation destroying the natives by the plague it not touching one Englishman though many traded and were conversant amongst them for they had three plagues in three yeares successively neere two hundred miles along the Sea coast that in some places there scarce remained five of a hundred and as they report thus it began A fishing ship being cast away upon the coast two of the men escaped on shore one of them died the other lived

plantations and my selfe how oft up how oft downe sometimes neere despaire and ere long flourishing how many scandals and Spanolized English have sought to disgrace them bring them to ruine or at least hinder them all they could how many have shaven and couzened both them and me and their most honourable supporters and well-willers cannot but conceive Gods infinite mercy both to them and me Having beene a slave to the Turks prisoner amongst the most barbarous Salvages after my deliverance commonly discovering and ranging those large rivers and unknowne Nations with such a handfull of ignorant companions that the wiser sort often gave mee for lost alwayes in mutinies wants and miseries blowne up with gunpowder A long time prisoner among the French Pyrats from whom escaping in a little boat by my selfe and adrift all such a stormy winter night when their ships were split more than an hundred thousand pound lost wee had taken at sea and most of them drownd upon the I le of Ree not farre from whence I was driven on shore in my little boat c. And many a score of the worst of winter moneths lived in the fields yet to have lived neere 37. yeares in the midst of wars pestilence and famine by which many an hundred thousand have died about mee and scarce five living of them went first with me to Virginia and see the fruits of my labours thus well begin to prosper Though I have but my labour for my paines have I not much reason both privately and publikely to acknowledge it and give God thankes whose omnipotent power onely delivered me to doe the utmost of my best to make his name knowne in those remote parts of the world and his loving mercy to such a miserable sinner Had my designes beene to have perswaded men to a mine of gold as I know many have done that knew no such matter though few doe conceive either the charge or paines in refining it nor the power nor care to defend it or some new invention to passe to the South sea or some strange plot to invade some strange Monastery or some chargeable Fleet to take some rich Charaques or letters of mart to rob some poore Merchant or honest fisher men what multitudes of both people and money would contend to be first imployed But in those noble indevours now how few unlesse it bee to begge them as Monopolies and those seldome seeke the common good but the commons goods as the 217. the 218. and the 219. pages in the generall history will shew But only those noble Gentlemen and their associates for whose better incouragements I have recollected those experienced memorandums as an Apologie against all calumniating detracters as well for my selfe as them Now since them called Brownists went some few before them also having my bookes and maps presumed they knew as much as they desired many other directers they had as wise as themselves but that was best that liked their owne conceits for indeed they would not be knowne to have any knowledge of any but themselves pretending onely Religion their governour and frugality their counsell when indeed it was onely their pride and singularity and contempt of authority because they could not be equals they would have no superiours in this fooles Paradise they so long used that good husbandry they have payed soundly in trying their owne follies who undertaking in small handfuls to make many plantations and to bee severall Lords and Kings of themselves most vanished to nothing to the great disparagement of the generall businesse therefore let them take heed that doe follow their example CHAP. 10. The mistaking of Patents strange effects incouragements for servants WHo would not thinke that all those certainties should not have made both me and this Country have prospered well by this but it fell out otherwayes for by the instigation of some whose policy had long watched their oportunity by the assurance of those profitable returnes procured new Letters Patents from King Iames drawing in many Noblemen and others to the number of twenty for Patentees dividing my map and that tract of land from the North Sea to the South Sea East and West which is supposed by most Cosmographers at least more than two thousand miles and from 41. degrees to 48. of Northerly latitude about 560. miles the bounds Virginia to the South the South Sea to the West Canada to the North and the maine Ocean to the East all this they divided in twenty parts for which they cast lots but no lot for me but Smiths Iles which are a many of barren rocks the most overgrowne with such shrubs and sharpe whins you can hardly passe them without either grasse or wood but three or foure short shrubby old Cedars Those Patentees procured a Proclamation that no ship should goe thither to fish but pay them for the publike as it was pretended five pound upon every thirty tuns of shipping neither trade with the natives cut downe wood throw their balast over boord nor plant without commission leave and content to the Lord of that division or Mannor some of which for some of them I beleeve will be tenantlesse this thousand yeare Thus whereas this Country as the contrivers of those projects should have planted it selfe of it selfe especially all the chiefe parts along the coast the first yeare as they have oft told me and chiefly by the fishing ships and some small helpe of their owne thinking men would be glad upon any termes to be admitted under their protections but it proved so contrary none would goe at all So for feare to make a contempt against the Proclamation it hath ever since beene little frequented to any purpose nor would they doe any thing but left it to it selfe Thus it lay againe in a manner vast till those noble Gentlemen thus voluntarily undertooke it whem I intreat to take this as a memorandum of my love to make your plantations so neere and great as you can for many hands make light worke whereas yet your small parties can doe nothing availeable nor stand too much upon the letting setting or selling those wild Countries nor impose too much upon the commonalty either by your maggazines which commonly eat out all poore mens labours nor any other too hard imposition for present gaine but let every man so it bee by order allotted him plant freely without limitation so much as hee can bee it by the halfes or otherwayes And at the end of five or six yeares or when you make a division for every acre he hath planted let him have twenty thirty forty or an hundred or as you finde hee hath extraordinarily deserved by it selfe to him and his heires for ever all his charges being defrayed to his lord or master and publike good In so doing a servant that will labour within foure or five yeares may live as well there as his master did here for where there is so much

humors Notwithstanding all this the noble Governour was no way disanimated neither repents him of his enterprise for all those mistakes but did order all things with that temperance and discretion and so releeved those that wanted with his owne provision that there is six or seven hundred remained with him and more than 1600. English in all the Country with three or foure hundred head of Cattell as for Corne they are very ignorant If upon the coast of America they doe not before the end of this October for toies furnish themselves with two or three thousand bushels of Indian Corne which is better than ours and in a short time cause the Salvages to doe them as good service as their owne men as I did in Virginia and yet neither use cruelty nor tyranny amongst them a consequence well worth putting in practice and till it be effected they will hardly doe well I know ignorance will say it is impossible but this impossible taske ever since the massacre in Virginia I have beene a suter to have undertaken but with 150. men to have got Corne fortified the Country and discovered them more land than they all yet know or have demonstrated but the Merchants common answer was necessity in time would force the Planters doe it themselves and rather thus husbandly to lose ten sheepe than be at the charge of a halfe penny worth of Tarre Who is it that knowes not what a small handfull of Spaniards in the West Indies subdued millions of the inhabitants so depopulating those Countries they conquered that they are glad to buy Negroes in Affrica at a great rate in Countries farre remote from them which although they bee as idle and as devilish people as any in the world yet they cause them quickly to bee their best servants notwithstanding there is for every foure or five naturall Spaniards two or three hundred Indians and Negros and in Virginia and New-England more English than Salvages that can assemble themselves to assault or hurt them and it is much better to helpe to plant a country than unplant it and then replant it but there Indians were in such multitudes the Spaniards had no other remedy and ours such a few and so dispersed it were nothing in a short time to bring them to labour and obedience It is strange to me that English men should not doe as much as any but upon every sleight affront in stead to amend it we make it worse notwithstanding the worst of all those rumours the better sort there are constant in their resolutions and so are the most of their best friends here and making provision to supply them many conceit they make a death here which is nothing so for they would spend more here than they transport thither One Ship this Summer with twenty cattell and forty or fifty passengers arived all well and the Ship at home againe in nine weekes another for all this exclamation of want is returned with 10000. Corfish and fourescore Kegs of Sturgion which they did take and save when the season was neare past and in the very heat of Summer yet as good as can be Since another ship is gone from Bristow and many more a providing to follow them with all speed Thus you may plainly see for all these rumours they are in no such distresse as is supposed as for their mischances misprisons or what accidents may befall them I hope none is so malicious as attribute the fault to the Country nor mee yet if some blame us not both it were more than a wonder for I am not ignorant that ignorance and too curious spectators make it a great part of their profession to censure however any mans actions who having lost the path to vertue will make most excellent shifts to mount up any way such incomparable connivenoy is in the Devils most punctuall cheaters they will hazard a joint but where God hath his Church they wil have a Chapel a mischiefe so hard to be prevented that I have thus plainly adventured to shew my affection through the weaknesse of my abilitie you may easily know them by their absolutenesse in opinions holding experience but the mother of fooles which indeed is the very ground of reason and he that contemnes her in those actions may finde occasion enough to use all the wit and wisdome hee hath to correct his owne solly that thinkes to finde amongst those salvages such Churches Palaces Monuments and Buildings as are in England CHAP. 14. Ecclesiasticall government in Virginia authority from the Arch Bishop their beginning at Bastable now called Salem NOw because I have spoke so much for the body give me leave to say somewhat of the soule and the rather because I have beene demanded by so many how we beganne to preach the Gospell in Virginia and by what authority what Churches we had our order of service and maintenance for our Ministers therefore I thinke it not amisse to satisfie their demands it being the mother of all our Plantations intreating pride to spare laughter to understand her simple beginning and proceedings When I went first to Virginia I well remember wee did hang an awning which is an old saile to three or foure trees to shadow us from the Sunne our walls were rales of wood our seats unhewed trees till we cut plankes our Pulpit a bar of wood nailed to two neighbouring trees in foule weather we shifted into an old rotten tent for we had few better and this came by the way of adventure for new this was our Church till wee built a homely thing like a barne set upon Cratchets covered with rafts sedge and earth so was also the walls the best of our houses of the like curiosity but the most part farre much worse workmanship that could neither well defend wind nor raine yet wee had daily Common Prayer morning and evening every Sunday two Sermons and every three moneths the holy Communion till our Minister died but our Prayers daily with an Homily on Sundaies we continued two or three yeares after till more Preachers came and surely God did most mercifully hearens till the continuall inundations of mistaking directions factions and numbers of unprovided Libertines neere consumed us all as the Israelites in the wildernesse Notwithstanding out of the relicks of our miseries time and experience had brought that Country to a great happinesse had they not so much doated on their Tabacco on whose fumish foundation there is small stability there being so many good commodities besides yet by it they have builded many pretty Villages faire houses and Chapels which are growne good Benefices of 120. pounds a yeare besides their owne mundall industry but Iames towne was 500. pounds a yeare as they say appointed by the Councell here allowed by the Councell there and confirmed by the Arch-bishop of Canterbury his Grace Primate and Metrapolitan of all England An. 1605. to master Richard Haeclutt Prebend of Westminister who by his

renowned Captain Candish Sir Richard Luson Sir Iohn Hawkins Captaine Carlile and Sir Martin Furbisher c. and the most memorable and right honourable Earles Cumberland Essex Southampton and Nottingham that good L. Admirall with many hundreds of brave English Souldiers Captaines and Gentlemen that have taught the Hollanders to doe the like Those would never stand upon a demurre who should give the first blow when they see peace was onely but an empty name and no sure league but impuissance to doe hurt found it better to buy peace by warre than take it up at interest of those could better guide penknives than use swords and there is no misery worse than be conducted by a foole or commanded by a coward for who can indure to be assaulted by any see his men and selfe imbrued in their owne bloud for feare of a checke when it is so contrary to nature and necessity and yet as obedient to government and their Soveraigne as duty required Now your best plea is to stand upon your guard and provide to defend as they did offend especially at landing if you be forced to retire you have the advantage five for one in your retreat wherein there is more discipline than in a brave charge and though it seeme lesse in fortune it is as much in valour to defend as to get but it is more easie to defend than assault especially in woods where an enemy is ignorant Lastly remember as faction pride and security produces nothing but confusion miseric and dissolution so the contraries well practised will in short time make you happy and the most admired people of all our plantations for your time in the world Iohn Smith writ this with his owne hand FINIS Errata Page 3. The Company in England say 7. or 8. thousand the Counsell in Virginia say but 2200. or there abouts Errata COurteous Reader by reason of the false transcribeing of the Copy these faults are past which we desire you to mend with your Pen. In the Epistle to the Reader l. 9. for detractnesse read detractment in the Contents Chap. 7. l. 3. the Sants r. them Phesants page 1. l. 14. desirous r. desired p 2. l. 28. denied not r. denied it not p. 24. l. 25. the Sants r. them Phesants p. 26. l. 26. Cattanents r. Catavents p. 27. l. 16. with r. to which p. 28 against line 22. R. B. wants in the margin p. 32. l. 28. Almond r. Allom. p. 44. against line 7. R. B. wants in the margin p. 52. l. 22. accord r. action p. 54. in line 14 and 15. blot out Cutters to have made India Tobacco p. 55. l. 4. then for mine r. then mine for p. 61. l. 3. shaviva r. aleavina p. 66. l. 23. immitation r. initiation p. 67. l. 4. come r. am p. 71. against line 29. R. B. wants in the margin p. 72. l. 6. 7. 8. 9. for Neva disant ma main faict cest aennre On ma vertut cebel aennre ae par faict Mais dis ainsi dien par moy a faict Dieu est santheur dei peu de bien que je ' onre reade Ne va disant ma main a faict cest oeuure Ou ma vertu ce bel oeuure a par faict Mais dis ainsi dieu par moy l'our a faict Dieu est l'autheur du peu de bien que je'oure No Browaist nor Separatist admitted what they are that biginne this Plantation The bine of Virginia The differences betwixt my beginning in Virginia and the proceedings of my successors A strange mistake is wise men Thee effect of slavrry the 〈◊〉 of misery Take heed of factions bred in England The Massacre in Virginia How the company dissolved The abundance of victuals now in Virginia A great comfort for New England by Virginia The differences betwixt the beginning of Virginia and them of Salem A necessary consideration New-England is no Iland but the maine continent A strange plague among the Salvages By what right wee may possesse those Countries law fully True reasons for those plantations Rare examples of the Spaniards Portugals and the Ancients My first voyage to Notumbega now called New-England 1614. We got 1500. pound in six moneths 25000. Bevers sent to France My second and third voyage 1615. 1616. A description of the Country Vnder the Equinoctiall twelve houres day and twelve night Their Religion 1617. Eight ships to fish 1621. 1622. Seven and thirty saile to fish 1623. Five and forty saile to fish 1624. They make store of good salt An incredible rich mine Notes worthy observation Goods ill gotten ill spent Miserablenesse no good husbandry 1625. 1626. 1627. 1628. The effect of the last great Patent A Proclamation for New-England Memorandums for masters Incouragements for servants 1629. The planting Salem Their provisions for Salem The planting Salem and Charlton A description of the Massachusets Bay The master-peece of workmanship Extraordinary meanes for buildings Caveats for catt●ll How to spoyle the woods for pasture and corne A silly complaint of cold the reason and remedy Proviso●s for passengers and saylers at sea 1630. Their presnnt estate The fruits of counterfeits Note well Ecclesiasticall government in Virginia Their estates at this day Their order of teaching in Salem The miserable effects of faction in Religion The necessity of order and authority The effect of a Cittadell or 〈◊〉 t●ue modell of a Plantation The condition of trade and freedome The Spaniards glory Provisoes for exercise of armes A reference to the action of all our prime discoverers and plonters What is requisite to be in a Governour of a plantation The expeditions of Queene Elizabeths Sea-Captaines