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country_n	great_a	king_n	subdue_v	1,395	5	9.5973	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20476	The explanation. of the true and lavvful right and tytle, of the most excellent prince, Anthonie the first of that name King of Portugall, concering his warres, againste Phillip King of Castile, and against his subiectes and adherentes, for the recouerie of his kingdome. Together vvith a briefe historye of all that hath passed aboute that matter, vntill the yeare of our Lord. 1583. Translated into English and conferred with the French and Latine copies. By the commanundement and order of the superiors.; Explanatio veri ac legitimi juris, quo serenissimus Lusitaniae Rex Antonius eius nominis primis nititur. English	António, Prior of Crato, 1531-1595.; Hollyband, Claudius, 16th cent.	1585 (1585)	STC 689; ESTC S100205	44,552	60

thirde wyfe of the same Emanuell was Eleonour sister to the Emperor Charles the fifte by whome he had two children to wit Charles who dyed in his infancie and Marye who also deceased and was neuer marryed When the sayde Emanuell was deceased Iohn the thyrde of that name his eldest sonne succeeded him in the kingdome as is aforesayde who by Katherine his wife had manye children the whiche dyed all in their infancyes except Prince John and Marye The whiche Marye marryed Phillip nowe King and then prince of Castile and dyed before her sayde husbande came to his Crowne leauing one onelye sonne whose name was Charles Whome as the fame thereof is constante his father King Phillip commaunded to bee put to death in pryson When Prynce Iohn came to the age of sixteene yeere hee married Jane the daughter of the sayde Emperour Charles and dyed aboute one yeare after leaving his wife greate with childe who in the sixte monethe after the death of her husbande brought foorth a sonne whose name was Sebastian whiche yong Prince when hee came to aboute the age of foure yeares succeeded in the kingdome by and after the death of the sayde Iohn the thirde his Graundfather by the fathers side Now when King Sebastian was come to the age of foure and twentye yeares vppon the intreatye and solicitation of Mulei Mahumet Kinge as hee pretended of Fez and Marrocos who by Mulei Maluco his brother was expelled and driuen out of his kingdome the sayde King Sebastian at the last determined to passe into Affryca with a greate and puissant Armye to restore this Mulei Mahumet to his kingdome And for the better accomplishmente thereof hee prayed his vncle King Phillip of Castile to voutchsafe some ayde vnto him in that beehalfe The King of Castile graunting this petition promised to ayde him with fiftye Gallyes well appointed and furnished and foure thousand armed souldyours King Sebastian trusting thereunto with all care and dilligence prepared his armye wherewith in the monthe of Iune 1578. hee departed from Lisbone and came to a porte of Castile neere the streighte of Gibraltare called el puerto de Sancta Maria where hee stayed certayne dayes for the Gallyes and menne whiche the Kinge of Castile had promised to sende vnto him But the Kinge of Castile vnder pretence that the greate Turke prepared an Armye for that yeare not onelye denyed to performe his promise but also that is farre woorse caused a proclamation to bee made and published thorowoute all Spayne subiecte to his Iurisdiction whereby all his subiectes were commaunded vppon greate pennalties that none of them shoulde accompanye Kinge Sebastian in that Voyage whereof certaynelye there can no other coniecture bee gathered sauing onely that the king of Castile by his vnmesurable ambition insatiable desire to haue dominion neither coueted nor hoped for any other thing then onely that the yong prince king Sebastian his nephew for want of sufficient force should be ouerthrown and come to destruction in the same Iourney so as thereupon the said king of Castile might by that meane haue oportunity to ioyne the kingdome of Portugall to his kingdome of Castile as it came to passe Neuerthelesse the saide king Sebastian being a prince of greate magnanimitie when hee had all thinges in a readinesse and employed infinite expences vpon the furnishing of this armie whiche was aboue a thousand Saile determined to pursue his voyage and ariued in Affrica and there landed all his armie amounting to about fifteene thousand fighting men Thereupon in the end hee came into a plaine fielde whiche beareth the name of Alcazar where the fift day of August in the same yeare was fought a great and terrible battaile betweene him and the enemie wherein the said yong king Sebastian was not onelye ouercome but also slaine in the field together with Mulei Mahumet whose parte he tooke at what time neyther did Mulei Maluco the king that fought against them escape For he in the time of the battaile being sicke and wearye of sitting his horse was remoued into his horselitter and there dyed during the battaile A battaile certainlye worthie to be had in remembraunce for in the same dyed three kinges together in one daye as in lyke manner there were slaine in the same aboue sixe hundred of the cheefest of the Lordes and gentlemen of the kingdome of Portugall besides the common souldiers the most wherof were slaine in the battaile and the rest taken prisoners amongst whiche number Don Anthonio of whome this booke specially treateth was one of the Captiues Further there be certaine persons who affirme that after the death of the sayde king Maluco there was found in his pocket a letter written vnto him from king Phillip wherein he assured king Maluco that king Sebastian nephew of the saide king Phillip shounde haue no ayde at his handes whereby may be perceaued agreat vnfaithfullnes of king Phillip against his owne blood Now when as by the death of king Sebastian the linage of king Iohn the third his grandfather by the fathers side was vtterly extinct it must follow of necessity if collateral succession take place in this behalfe that recourse must be had to the linage of the said Lodowike as seconde sonne of the aforenamed king Emanuell Whiche Lodowike as is afore aleaged had one onelye sonne called Don Anthonio who therefore his lawfull byrthe presupsupposed was the onelye lawfull and rightfull successor of the kingdome But it fell so out that while he in the said discomfiture of Affrica was taken prisoner and there remained captiue howbeit vnknowne of the enemie as it was alwaies before that tyme vnknowne yea and that also to Don Anthonio himselfe that hee was the legittimate sonne of the said Lodowike Henry the Cardinall his vncle the fift issue male of King Emanuell was preferred to the kingdom being then a very old man within a little while after by a wonderfull meane or rather by the prouidence of God the sayd Don Anthonio about forty daies after the losse of the battaile was deliuered out of captiuitie and returned into Portugall where he was with great ioy receaued not onely by King Henry but also by all the nobilitie and principall gentlemen of the countrey and most chiefly and principally by the common people For hee was beloued of all men as well in respect of his noble and excellent disposition of mynde as for the singular and rare vertues of his sayde Father Lodowike which most cleerely shined in him Within a fewe dayes after Don Anthonio was arriued at Lysbone the metropolitan Citie of the kingdome he was aduertised by one of his father Lodwikes ancient seruantes who was a man of good callinge and approued integritie that his father Lodowicke as is afore mencioned in this treatise was secretlye married to the said Iolenta And howe there were diuerse credible witnesses yet liuinge that could testifie the trouthe therof And besides that dyuerse men of good credit calling had expressed and declared

hauing promise kept with him as that contrariwise hee was presentlye by the King of Castiles commaundement bannished into Affrica for the space of ten yeares there to serue against the Moores because hee had withstoode the Duke of Alua a whole daye and yeilded not the Castle at the firste somonce but after by composition whereas hee had beefore promised and written that immediatelye vpon the Dukes comming he would yeilde vp the Castle Wherefore hee purchased the name of a Traytor without reaping anye commoditye thereby as it often happeneth to traytors When this Castle was thus yeilded whereby the free passage of Gallyes and Shippes to Lisbon was greatelye hindered The Duke of Alua remooued his campe to the subburbes of the Cyty of Lisbon where King Anthony then remayned in the subburbes called Alcantara with his Armye consisting of aboute sixe thousande footemen and eyghte hundered horsemen of his owne kingdome the greatest parte thereof beeing smallye experienced in feates of armes Wherefore althoughe it seemed not sufficiente to resiste so puissaunte an armye as the Duke of Alua brought yet King Anthonie more regarding the common wealth and lybertye of his Countrey then the safetie and preseruation of his owne person determined to hazarde the battayle rather then lightlye and ignominiouslye to yielde himselfe and his people into thandes of the Tyrants hoping for the lyke good successe that in tyme paste Kinge Iohn the first of that name had who with sixe thousande Portugalles in a verye lyke quarrell ouercame Iohn Kinge of Castile the firste also of that name with his Armye of thirtie and two thousande men in a battayle foughte beetweene them neere the village of Algiba Rotta But after certaine skirmishes wherein two-thousand Castillians were slaine it fortuned the same day that the said king Don Anthonio thought to haue ioyned battell with the king of Castiles power which was the xxiiii day of August earely in the morning many of them that were with him seeing thenemie approch beganne to flye whereof certaine went to thenemies specially the horsemen a great part whereof as afterwardes manifestly appeared were corrupted by the king of Castile besides there was great want of gunpowder in King Anthonies campe for at that time by the default and treason of the said gouernours who as is afore declared had conueied a great quantitie of gunpowder into Castile there could not be found aboue two thousande pound weight of the saide powder in all the citie of Lisbon Vpon consideration of all these thinges King Anthonies most principall faithfull seruants counselled him to prouide in time for the safetie of his person for as long as it was safe there remained some hope of the recouerie of the libertie of the countrey which in case he were lost was vtterly vnrecouerable for euer Which aduise by his maiestie well weighed and considered hee determined with many of his noble men and others that were very faithfull vnto him to breake thorow a squadron of horsemen whereby thenemie supposed to haue cut away from him all possibilitie to escape away And thereupon without delay causing the Kings royall standard to march before him they all set spurres to their horses and so furiously assayle thenemies that straitghtwaies they droue them from their place and so with their weapons procured their passage Wherein King Anthonie himselfe receiued two great woundes in his head by staying and that not without effect to helpe Ferdinando Valeroso out of the handes of thenemies And although the King was greatly troubled and weakened by meanes of those woundes whereout the bloud ranne in great abundance downe his eyes and face yet more by Gods prouidence then by mans strength or industrie he escaped from the ennimies and yet not once but diuers times was driuen to breake thorowe the middest of them with foure or fiue horsemen that continually followed him of the which number was Fraunces of Portugall Erle of Vimioso the residue of those that holpe to make the saide passage being turned another waye carrying the Kings standarde before them Nowe when the kinge had passed through all the Cyty of Lisbone meeting his enemies in diuers places at last he came to the shoreside of the riuer of Tagus which runneth by thest end of the Cyty where he found Emanuell of Portugall Vncle to the saide Erle of Vimioso already imbarqued to fly to the City of Santaren Who assoone as he knew the King caused the Barque to be brought to the shore that his Maiestye might bee receaued thereinto and so passe awaye with the sayde Erle and others amongst whome was Simon Masquerennas deane of Ebora who came to the king at that very instante when he was ready to enter the Barque Nowe as the king was sayling vp the riuer in the saide barque towarde Santaren his Agent hauing followed the standard came presently by great chaunce to the same place where the king was taken into the barque and vnderstanding his Maiestie to be therin seeing the same a farre off and perceauing how certen of the king of Castiles galleys pursued the same verye neere discharging store of harquebush shot thereat he galloped after by the riuer side in all possible haste to ouertake the barque and beeing come righte against the same ceased not to make signes from the shore side that it shoulde come to lande in the place where he was and as it was comming towarde him hee caused two of them that were in his companye to alight their horses namely Anthonie de Sosa and Jerom de Sylua appointing the best horse to the Kinge and thother to therle of Vimioso and Emanuell of Portugall his vncle and taking Simon Masquerennas behind him vppon his owne horse In this maner they galloped away all as fast as they could through Oliue trees and other vnfrequented places till they were in some better safetie But scarsely was the King with thother three lords aforenamed landed when the barque was presently assayled and taken by one of the Gallyes so as the reste that remained behind coulde not come to shoare the greatest parte of thennimies leaping into the water where it was shallowe for the easier taking of the saide barque where they tooke many prisoners amongest whome the chiefest were Emmanuell de Castro and Anthonie Botado and other the Kings seruants When the duke of Alua was entred into Lisbon supposing Don Anthonio had hid himselfe there he made no great search after him in the fieldes In so much that while the souldiors were busie in spoyling the subburbes and search was made in the towne for him the King with them of his companye came firste to a Village three miles from Lisbon where after he had stayed a little to dresse his wounds he passed further from thence by vnfrequented waies and came that night to a house of pleasure a myle from Santaren belonging to Peter de Menezes one of his treasourers who ouertooke his maiesty in the waye flying also from thennemye in the company of the

Bishop of Guardia The next day after his maiesties comming to this place he sent his Agent to Santaren to declare to the gouernour and Magistrates of the Towne how he was determined to come thither praying them to receaue and defend him in case thennemy pursued him thither Wherevpon the gouernour and Magistrates vppon notice of the Kinges comming went with a great companye of the Citizens to meet him halfe a myle without the Towne and there very humblye receaued him not without great lamentation for that which had happened at Lisbon the day before and so conducted him to the royall palace of the City offering all with one accorde to spende their liues and gooddes in his defence if he woulde staye there Bur for that the Towne was not verye strong nor conuenientlye furnished with a garrison munitions of warre and other necessaryes to abyde a siege he stayed there onely twoo dayes to heale his woundes and then tooke his iourney towarde Porto of Portugall a sea towne indifferent strong about fifty myles from Lisbon whither the Duke of Aluaes armye easely coulde not passe where the Kinge might haue conuenient place and oportunitie to repayre his armie and stay for ayde which he hoped for out of Fraunce or England In this iourney the king Don Anthonio was accompanyed by the Byshop of Guardia the Erle of Vimioso Emanuell de Sylua then gouernour of the sayde Citie of Santaren Peter de Meneses and his maiesties Agent beeing all of his priuie counsell with manye other Lordes Gentlemen and other persons of great worshippe and calling to the number of about twoo hundred horsemen and a thousande footemen And in the same by reason of his woundes became so weake and feeble that he coulde not abyde to sit his horse nor be carryed in his Litter but was dryuen to be borne vppon mens shoulders Then comming to the Towne of Montemaior not farre from Col●mbre his maiestie stayed there six daies to refresh himselfe and cure his woundes gathering men togeather in the meane space to aboute the number of eyghte thousande wherewith he martched to the Citye of Auero and was in all places as he passed through the countrey receaued and acknowledged as Kinge notwithstanding that the Kinge of Castile had alreadye subdued Lisbon the chiefe Cytye of the kingdome When the sayde Kinge Don Anthonio drewe neere to this Cytye of Auero hee sommoned thinhabitantes to take his parte and topen the gates of their Cytie vnto him according to their oathe Vppon refusall whereof on theire behalfe madehee gaue in charge to therle of Vimioso whome after that hee made Counstable of Portugall to doe his endeuour to take it by force giuing also the spoyle of the Cytye to the souldiours And thoughe it were well furnished with munitions of warre and other necessaries yet the greater parte of the Citizens refufed to make resistaunce againste Kynge Anthonies men insomuche that the Towne was taken easily by scaling the walles and otherwise and so brought vnder his obedience and sacked But yet vppon the taking of the same his maiestie gaue suche order that the soldiours exceeded not in their insolencie so that all thinges were soone in quietnesse his maiestie lodging there first in the monasterye of rhe dominican freres by the space of three dayes wente from-thence to a verye fayre large house pleasauntlye scituated vppon the riuer and beelonging to Francisco de Tauares a gentleman who a little before was gone to the king of Castile to sue for pardon bycause he had saluted and acknowledged king Anthonie for king When Kinge Anthony had caused certaine traytours in this Cyty to be executed by order of law he continued his iourney towarde the said towne of porto of Portugall lykewise sommoning the citizens of the same to acknowledge him for their king and to open the gates of their cyty vnto him In this towne was then gouernor Pantaleon de Sà brother of Frauncis de Sà one of the three gouernours which presentlye after Don Anthonie was chosen King fled to the king of Castile This gouernour being likewise wonne to the King of Castiles side was a meane with other of his complices that entrance into this towne was denyed to King Anthony his maiestie conceauing greate displeasure thereat assembled men from all partes thereaboutes to encrease his armie made al possible preparation to passe ouer the Ryuer and take the towne by force When all thinges necessary for the siege were in a readines as the king was marching with all his hoste against the town hauing in his campe about twelue thousand men and yet the most of them vnarmed the Citizens began presentlye to ryse in such a mutinie against Pantaleon the gouernour and his complyces who pretended to resist Don Anthonio and his men that the sayde gogouernor and his pertakers had much a doe to saue themselues by flight from the furye of the people whereby it came to passe that al the religious and clergy men of the towne camme foorth to meete the King beseeching his maiestie to pardon the Cytizens in that they had not yeilded the towne into his hands vpon the first sommonce according to their alleagence and the dutye of their oath Whereupon the King in thend was content of his naturall clemēcie to pardon their offence vpon condition they should compound with the souldiours to whome he had graunted the sacking of the towne By reason whereof the Citizens promised for the safegarde of the same from sacking to giue the souldioures a hundred thousande Duckets And so the Kinge at his entraunce into the towne was honorablye receaued by the Citizens whereupon his maiestie presently sent the Bishop of Guardia from thence with al speede to the next prouince called Entre dueroe Minho to encourage thinhabitans and gather men victuals for thaugmenting and prouision of his campe and so stayed certaine daies in the same towne expecting aide and gunpowder from Fraunce Nowe the Duke of Alua vnderstanding howe Kinge Anthony was come to Porto and there encresed his army feared least his Maiesty should receaue aide from Fraunce and therefore in all hast sente Sancho de Auila sometime gouernour of the Castle of Antwerp with two thousand horsemen and eyght thousand foote men Artillerie and all other munitions and necessarye prouision of warre to besiege the saide towne of Porto who ariued there about thirtie daies after King Don Anthonio came thither Nowe when the said King Don Anthonio was informed of thenimies comming he gaue order to all townes where they should passe to giue them free passage without resistaunce for that his maiestie coulde not defende them by reason he wanted horsemen and gunpowder and that the greatest part of his souldiors which serued him in the getting of Porto were retyred hoame to their owne houses When Sancho Dauila was come before the Towne of Porto hee stayed with his armie and planted his artillery vppon the farther side of the riuer of Dureto ouer against Porto from

declared how for his deliuery out of prison he had promised the King of Castile to assay by all manner of meanes to kill the said King Don Anthonie Or if he could not bring that to passe how at least he would finde the meane to procure certaine french companies or other strange souldiers ouer whome he hoped to be appointed captaine to rise against his maiesty at such time as hee should be readie to ioine battail or in hand to execute any like enterprise or else would do some such thing as should cast the person and campe of the said King Anthony into some notable danger wherein the very trueth is his meaning was to haue kept promise with the said King of Castile For it came to passe within a litle after when King Anthony was ouercome in a sea-battail at the Isle of S. Michael while the Marquisse of S. Crosse remained in the same Isle that the said Edward de Castro being with King Anthony in thislle of Tercera earnestlie perswaded the french companies which were there in garrison whome he had won to him by gifts and otherwise that the Portugalls went aboute to murther them all suddenlie shewing to them for proofe thereof a letter written by King Anthonies agente which though falselie he vouched to containe such matter and likewise made the portugalles on the contrariside beleeue howe they were in the like daunger at the Frenche mens handes When he had laid this foundation he went aboute to put the matter in execution and so handled the same that one day the Frenchmen first made them readie to set vpon the portugalles and slewe Anthony Baracho a gentleman of portugal But as eche party began to put themselues in armes it came to passe by the great dexteritie and wisedome of a portugall Captaine who in time smelled this treason that the matter proceeded no further but all was well pacified the Traitour apprehended Who vppon the falling out of the matter otherwise then he expected woulde presentlie haue retired into the saide Isle of S. Michaell to the Marquis of Sayncte Crosse in an Englishe ship which he had hired for that purpose for a great some of monie Thus the traitor being taken conuict of his treason aswel by his owne confession in the prison as openlie vpon the scaffold was at last beheaded Yet the saide king Don Antonie in remēbraunce and consideration of his former seruices would haue pardoned him had not the common people souldiers made great instance for the open punishment of so great dangerous a treason About the same time Sebastian Caruaillo another Portugal was executed in the said Isle of Tercera for enterprising to kil the said king Don Anthonio Also for the like cause a Castilian gentleman of thorder of the knightes of Malta was afterwardes executed in Fraunce Further for the like offence Iohn Francisco and John Rodrigues desosa were prisoners in France and vpon their conuiction were sent in captiuitie to the said Islande of Tercera a little before the taking thereof by means whereof they recouered their liberty contrary to their desarts But the saide Iohn Rodrigues had neuer escaped from execution in France had not the most excellēt princesse the Queene of England with whom he had beene king Anthonies Ambassadour made intercession for him Whosoeuer therefore shall rightlye consider all these daungers and greate inconueniencies whiche the saide King Don Anthonio hath endured and escaped may easilye iudge that all this came not to passe without gods peculier prouidence and diuine sufferance that some great matter of importance is hid thereunder namely a great hope is to be conceaued therof that almightie God will vse the sayd king Don Anthonio as a fit instrument to breake the great powre force of the King of Castile wherby through his excessiue and vnmeasurable ambition he would else in tract of tyme inuade not onely all christiandom but also al the rest of the worlde that vnder the faire colour of maintaining the Catholike Romish religion vnder pretence whereof he hath thus manye yeeres afflicted thinhabitantes of the lowe countreys otherwise a good and curteous people that in former tyme had alwayes bene good faithfull subiects to him his auncestors to thintent that vpon the subduing of thē according to his fātasie he might easily freely spred his armies ouer England Germany France other nations either for that they receiue or at least permit in their countries any other religiō thē only the catholike Romish religiō or els vnder some other kinde of pretence whatsoeuer This is the marke he shooteth at wil easily hitte except thother christian Princes before theuill creepe any further haue speciall regard to oppose thēselues to his power force by ayding the prouinces vnited of the lowe countreys nowe greately afflicted and also and that most specially the sayde Kinge Don Anthonio who with thayde of some reasonable nauie of ten or twelue thousande men furnished with victualles munition and other necessaries may in shorte tyme without anye greate difficultie recouer his kingdome Whereunto thincredible affection which the Portugalls beare alwayes to their King naturall prince together with thauncient hatred they haue alwaies borne to the Castilians their auncient ennemyes woulde serue for a greate furtherance As the lyke meane serued the prince of Oranges for a greate effect in the sayde lowe countreyes to mainetayne warres there so longe against the forces of the sayd Kinge of Castile Further if King Don Anthonio had recouered Portugall driuen away the castilians he might also easily in short time aswel reduce into his power and dominion the townes of Aphrica with the townes and countreys of the Easte Indies and Brasile where the garrisons consist all of naturall Portugalles as also take from the king of Castile his power by sea consisting chiefely of Portugal shippes Marriners Who without doubte for the naturall affection they beare towarde their Kinge and Countrey and the rather bicause their wiues children landes and goodes remaine in Portugall and for the naturall hatred they beare to the Castilians vnder whome they serue against their willes will easilye come and yeilde themselues to the sayde King Don Anthonie as wee haue seene the lyke example in the sayde lowe countreys when the wars began for the driuing away of the spanyardes Also it is to be noted how the people of Portugall beare a generall hatred against the king of Castile his Castilians not onely in respect of their auncient enmitye against the sayde Castilians but also and most principally for the greate iniuries and indignities which they haue suffered at their handes since the sayde King of Castile by force violence possessed their countrey Whereby all mens mindes are so bent and inflamed against him and his Castilians that their chiefe wishe and expectation is for the sayde kinge Don Anthonie by the ayde of some Princes to enter into Portugall with an armie not onely for their deliuery

places where he passed the people shewed themselues so ioyfull as the like thereof was neuer seene before at thelection or receiuing of any of the saide former Kings When he came to the Cathedrall Church he was there receiued with great honour and reuerence by all the Cleargie with the celebration of all ceremonies thereunto by custome appertaining and from thence was conduced to the Regall Pallace The next day the gouernours magistrates with the most noble and principal men of the citie together with the three estats of the realme caused the royall standard to be caried before them through all the principall streets of the citie crying aloud God saue king Anthonie grant him long life In thend they came all to the said Pallace where they swore him for King binding themselues to him by othe● whereof likewise publique actes were made Don Anthonio making protestation thereupon in the like sort that he had made at Santaren when hee was there chosen and sworne for king whereof also a publique act was made and enrolled as abouesaid Now when it came to the knowledge of the gouernours of the Realme then remaining at Setuball that Don Anthonio was chosen King the greater part of them withdrew themselues into Castile to wit Iohn Masquerennas Frauncis de Sa and Diego Lopez de Sosa thother two namely tharchbishop of Lisbone and John Tello de Meneses came within three myles of Lisbone and sent to King Anthonie beseeching him to voutchsafe to receaue them into his fauour which they easely obtained at his hands sith the one of them namely John Tello de Meneses had alwayes shewed himselfe to beare a good affection to the common wealth and tharchbishop had alwayes shewed himselfe a neutre where contrariwise thother three which were fled into Castile being wonne and corrupted by the king of Castile with giftes and promises had alwayes openly mainteined his quarrell and yet in thende did pennance for their horrible treason For shortly after they dyed al for very griefe and melancholy that they had sold their countrey and could obtaine little or nothing of all that had bene promised vnto them on the behalfe of the king of Castile by his ambassadors Within certaine dayes after king Anthonie departed from the citie of Lisbon to Setuball where still remained the deputies of the townes with the high Chauncelour the principall Counsellours of the realme and many of the nobilitie By whome he was likewise created and sworne King with all solemnities thereunto conuenient Where the third time he made the like protestation that he had made afore in Santaren sending two of the said deputies from thence to the king of Castile with commission to declare vnto him that if he would desist from force of armes and submit his cause to the determination of the Iudges thereunto authorised that then he would doe the like and lay downe the name and dignitie of king And hauing first giuen order for the defence of a towne called Monte Maior which was in daunger to be besieged by the duke of Alua he returned from thence to the citie of Lisbon In the meane while the king of Castile howe much the more he was moued by Don Anthonio and others to commit his cause to be determined by way of iustice so much the more he endeuoured to get the kingdome by force making great offers notwithstanding to Don Anthonio in consideration that he shoulde yeeld vp the royal name and renounce his action to the kingdom But neuerthelesse Don Anthonio seeking the libertie of his countrey more then his owne benefit would neuer yeelde to accept any condicions howe great soeuer they were Now when Don Anthonio was come backe to Lisbon hee dispatched letters immediatly to all cities and townes of the kingdō and to the townes and castles of Aphrica and thylandes and firme lande subiect to the crowne of Portugall certifying them how he was chosen and sworne king and therefore required them all from thenceforward to take knowledge him for their king the like also was written to all the said townes Castles Islandes and firme land by the said gouernours and magistrates of the citie of Lisbon Immediatly vpon the deliuerie of these letters Don Anthonio was in all places acknowledged and proclaimed king in all solemnitie and that so greatly to the ioy and contentation of all thinhabitantes as is scant possible to bee beleeued In the meane space king Don Anthonio ceased not to prouide as farre as laye in his power for the defence of the saide Citye of Lisbone which is the chiefe Citye of the realme for that the Duke of Alua approched from daye to daye with a greate armye whiche hee brought by land sea amounting to about sixe and twenty thousand fighting men aswell horsemen as footemen all olde soldiors and well appointed the most parte of them comming by lande the rest by sea in fiftye gallyes and about as manye great shippes At laste these two armies comming by lande and sea mette and ioyned together at the towne of Setuball whiche was quickelye brought vnder the power of thennimie by reason it was neyther anye strong towne nor prouided of gunpowder whiche in greate plentye together with thartillerie and other munitions of warre had bene before that conueyed into Castile by the sayde gouernours vnder coloure of thexpedition whiche was pretended into Aphrica The Duke of Alua hauing thus taken this towne of Setuball caused the moste parte of the footemen to be imbarqued in the gallyes and the rest in the greate shippes wherewith he wente to the towne of Cascais standing by the Ocean sea seuen myles from Lisbon hauing in his company Anthonie de Castro lorde of the same towne who a little before yeilded him selfe to the sayd Duke Through this mans labour and industrie the Duke in fewe daies easilye got this towne into his handes where Diego de meneces a gentleman of a noble house was gouernour who after the yielding vp of the towne was beheaded by the Duke of Aluaes commaundement and one of the Captaynes called Henry Perera hanged vppon a gibette notwithstanding that eache of them had yeilded himselfe After the taking of this towne of Cascais the Duke of Alua remoued his campe to the strong castle of Saint Iohn within three myles of Lisbone wherein Iristan vaz de vegna was captayne a man verye notable in militarye experience hauing made greate tryall of his valiauncye in theast Indie and nowe when the sayde Duke by the space of one daye had beaten the Castle with great ordinaunce withoute doing it anye harme the nexte daye the sayde gouernour thoughe hee wanted neyther munition nor anye other necessaries yet after parle with the Duke of Alua yeilded the Castle into his handes vppon the Dukes promise that the King of Castile should yeilde vnto him a greate pencion yeerelye during his lyfe but euen as traitors by gods iuste iudgemente are commonly payde according to their desert so this man was so farre from