Christiern kyng of DeÌ„marke doth enterprise to inuade Swedia This Christiern ful fraighted with ambicion as it should seme naturally enclined to mischiefe began immediatly after hys fathers death wyth haught mynde to make ciuil warres and first he enterprised to inuade Swecia But when he perceiued them to be of suche great myght that as long as there was no domesticall discencion nor vnnaturall hatred betwene them they could wel defend their country nerehand also subdue their enemy abroade He practised to get that by polecy whych he could not get by force and therfore he went about to kyndle contencion and to sowe sedicion amonge the Swedian confederates Fyrst he procured to this treason Gostaue the Metrapolitan Byshop of Vpsalien Who by the instigacion of Christiern did not onely condiscend agree therunto hym selfe but also alured a great nomber more to ioyne wyth hym Gostaue the Byshop of Vpsalien goâ—th about to betrayâ— his country whych were fully determined and certainly apoynted the yere of Christ .1517 to betray and delyuer theyr country to kyng Christiern But as soone as thys treason was related perfectly knowen to the seconde Steno generall Gouernour of Swecia he presentlye perswaded and exhorted the Byshoppe to leaue of hys euyl begun enterprise friendly chargeing hym to remeÌ„ber the end before the beginning and not to take that in hand Friendlye admonicioÌ„ which should be the destruction of his natiue and natural country also purchase to hym selfe an euerlasting infamy But the bishop coÌ„temning this fauorable admonicion dyd with a stedfast mynde continue in hys trayterous entent now seing hys diuelish doinges to be bewrayed The byshop besieged in the castel of Stech he fled for refuge to the Castell of Stech where in he was by Stenoes soldiours besieged Christiern kyng of Denmarke hearyng of the daunger that Gostaue was in lyke a faythful confederat did leuy an army for his deliuery trusting by hys power to set the bishop at liberty also by his might to vanquish the country Christiern ouercoÌ„med and dryuen out of Sweâ—â—â— But he beyng driuen backe ouerthrowen by the Swecians was compelled to forsake the rescue of Gostaue and to returne with the losse of a great nomber of hys men into Denmarke The Byshop vnderstaÌ„dyng of the vnfortunate successe of hys companion beyng voyde of al hope vtterly in dispayâ—e of al ayd dyd fayne a repentaunce Gostaue faiâ—â—th a repeÌ„â—aunâ—â— and â—oth yelde was contented symplye to yelde hym selfe onely the siege to be raised It was agred vpon the Byshop thus deliuered because he would seme to be perfect sory for hys offence he left hys ecclesiastical dignity priuately lyued of hys own patrimony Now Christiern seing the head chiefe instrument of hys confederacye to be vnarmed whereby the rest that wer of no such auctority as the Bishop might the easslyer be dismeÌ„bred he began to execute his malicious enterprise with open force Christiern the seconde tyme bothe inuade swecia Stockholm desieged gathering together a huge myghty army dyd leade them into Swecia fullye bent wyth his monstrous power to ouer ruâ— the country to subdue the people with cruel seruitude He incamped round about Stockholme makyng hys fyrste attempt wyth theyr chiefe principal Citye But the Swecian soldiours laced hym his army in so straight that they could get neyther victuel for theÌ„ selues The extrem hunger of the Danes nor forage for theyr horse whych caused hys hoste to peryshe wyth extreme hunger In thys miserable estate they remayned almost two monethes plaged wyth al euyls discommodities that myght be and returne into Denmarke they coulde not the wyndes were so aduers agaynst them Christiern practiseth his deliuery by craft Fleyng therfore to hys old priuy mischiefes he practised the deliuery of hym his by craft from those extremities wherein they were wrapped For beyng thus wyth the sharpe gredy plague of famin ouecoÌ„med he desired truse an end of the wars Steno Gouernour of Swecia wyth glad mynde condiscended agreed to the peace A treaty oâ— peace The noble dede of Steno He also considering the horryble penury of his aduersaries did vpon a valiant pityful mynde send in to the campe of the Danes a nomber of Biefes wyth other victuel wherby the paynful hunger of hys enemies was relieued Christiern faining a great fauour to Steno fraudulently semyng to be muche beholdyng vnto hym for thys good turne of hys dyd send into the City requestyng hym friendly to come into hys tent speake with him Steno was voyde of discâ—yght The which Steno who ment all truth had done if the Senate of Stockholm had not stayed him For he was so noble of mynde that he thoughte no disceite could lurke in a Princes brest But the Auncientes of the City consideryng their wealth decay to remain in hys parson would not suffer him vpon so slender an entreaty to depart out of the towne The Dane therfore perceiuyng this euyl to be spyed or at the least frustrate The Dane deniseth yet another misâ—hiefe dyd yet denise a nother mischief declaring how he would come into the City among theÌ„ if he might haue pledges for his safe returne Steno being therto throughlye perswaded dyd appoynt certaine yong noble Gentlemen to be his warrauntes Among whom was the most valiant Gostaue Erichson Father to the noble Eric Gostaue Erichson father to Eric nowe kyng of Swedia to sent for a pledge to Christiern who caryed hym prysouer into DeÌ„marke now Kyng of Swecia He wyth the rest coÌ„mitting them selues to the fidelity of the Danes entred into theyr Campe from whence they were caried to their shyps and there contrary to the expectacion of Steno were bound in Irons The king thus falselying his fayth dyd not according to his princely promise come into the city but waying his anckers hoysing vp hys sayles made speede with hys pray into Denmarke The Swecians not without iust cause did greatly enuy the infidelitie of the Danes Christiern returnes into DeÌ„mark and also deplored lamented for the losse of these noble meÌ„ Who were by the fraudulent dealynges of Christern cleane against the lawe of armes forceablye made not pledges as appointmeÌ„t was but prisoners as the Dane would After this flight Christiern the space of .iiii. yere was quiet strengthning his power with men enrytching his cofers with money remaining still in this destable purpose diuelish entent at tyme conuenient to scourge Swecia with some greater plage Vnto which furious madnes Nature had borne hym will had framed him Fortune had apointed him Leuying therefore a great army did once more inuade Swecia Christiern doth the third time inuade Swecia Leuying therefore a great army did once more inuade Swecia Steno remembring the Irregal part of Christiern with an ireful minde of reuenge did wyth great expedicioÌ„ make haste to
by Eric a man of wyt excellent of toung eloquent of handes ready valiaunt who vanquished Alric and raygned kynge after hym Thys was the same tyme that Christe descended from heauen tooke vpon hym our mortal nature At 〈◊〉 tyme Christ descended oute of heauen Haldan the sonne of Eric succeeded hys father in the kyndome of Swecia who was slayne and hys sonne Siward as heyre to his father possest the crown Then Eric the sonne of Siwardes doughter and the sonne of Froto kyng of Denmarke dyd both step in for the kyngdome Betwene 2. stooles the â—â—â—le goeth 〈…〉 ground but they ended theyr raygne by mutual battell Haldane the second did get into the Regall seate a man onely geuen to the warres regarding neither the maryage of wyfe nor the gettyng of chyldren esteming more the field conquest then the bed victory rather delighting in the bloudy dedes of Mars then in the pleasaunt pastimes of Venus not wythstandyng he apoynted who should weare the crowne after hym which was Vngulnus He dyed left both Swecia and Denmarke vnder the gouernment of his sonne Siwald After whom Reignold and after Reignold Aluer one of the noblest men in Swecia successiuely raygned kynges Then Ingus the eldest of Aluers three sonnes dyd lawfullye succede hys father The kyngdome deuided betwen thee bretbreÌ„ But he deuidyng the Realme wyth hys brethren Olaue and Ingellus did onely reserue to him selfe the general decree of al lawes He was slayne with his brother Olaue in the Denmarke warres Ingellus by the victors consent enioyed the whole kingdome Ringus beyng yet but a chylde dyd raygne after hys father Ingellus and after hym Gotare who was slayne in battell agaynste the Danes whereby the crowne of Swecia came to Iarmeric kyng of Denmarke Thys was aboute the yeare of Christe 380. at what tyme the Gothes that longe before were gone oute of Swecia and Gothia made great spoyle and wonderfully troubled the Romaynes both in Italye Spayne and Fraunce The Gothes which continually remained in theyr countrye dyd vnit and knyt them selues to the Swecians bothe in lawes and maners and euer synce haue bene subiectes to the Kynges of Swecia ¶ Who were Kynges of Swecia after Charles the great SInce the yearely histories and actes of Swecia from Iameric to Fro is vnknowen to me I am compelled to let slyp and ouer leape that tyme. Fro was kyng of Swecia when Lodowic the sonne of Charles the great Fro kyngs of Swedia was slayns by the wemen of Norway dyd syt in the Imperial seat of Rome Thys fro was slayne by the wemen of Norway And Herot chosen kyng in hys place which left the succession to Sorle whom Regner kyng of Denmarke ouercame in battell whereby the crowne came to Biorne the eldest sonne of Regner who after the trauel of a few yeares in Swecia gaue place to Fortune For Vnichsert the second sonne of Regner was chosen kyng for hys brother And after hym Eric the thirde sonne of Regner was apoynted to raygne in Swecia But Often a man nobly borne of the bloud royall of Swecia did oppres and ouerthrow Eric and tooke the gouernement and rule of hys natiue countrye into hys own handes Now the brethren of Eric both to reuenge his death and also to get their old regiment did so trouble and vexe the kyngdome of Osten that they brought the crowne to Sturbiorne Kynge Biorns sonne wyth whom Fortune dalyed but a whyle for he was lykewise ouercoÌ„med and driuen out of Swecia Olaue the first kyng that professed Christe iâ— Swedia was christâ—ned Iames the yeare of Christ 〈◊〉 by Eric sonne to Olaue cousin to Regner This man enioyed the crown wythout any let trouble or daunger who left the kyngdome to his sonne Olaue which quietly possest the same and was the first among the SweciaÌ„ kyngs that openly professed Christ He receyued the holye sacrament of Baptisme and was named Iames. There were manye in Swecia that longe before hys time did secretly professe the faith and tooke vpon them the holye order of Anscharius Thys was the yeare of Christ 1000 at such time as holy Hary was Emperour of Rome After Iames his brother Emonde borne of a harlot a Christian onely in name dyd succede to the crowne a man in marcial affaires nothing fortunate He left the kyngdome to Stinkell a very good Prince better worthy of the place then his predecessor for the Christian religion dyd greatlye increase in hys tyme. He pulde downe banished the Idolatry that the Vpsalieus did vse whereby he much honoured his country wan him selfe a fame perpeiuallye He also appointed the same place to be their Metrapolitane City About the yeare of Christ 1100. he yelded to nature her due What two â—riueth for the third eniâ—yâ—th after whose deathe twoo Erics not wythout great slaughter effucion of noble bloude contended for the crowne But Halsten sonne of kyng Stinkell vpon the vnlucky end of both these Erics who perished in battel as lawful heire possest the kyngdome from whence he was by rebellion driuen out agayne Animander chosen kyng in hys place Who for hys crueltye to religion with in a lytle while after was compeld to treade the steps of hys predecessor Aquine elected kyng in hys roume Then Magnus the sonne of Nicholas kyng of Denmarke by the helpe of the Gothes whych were wearye wyth their often chaunge in Swecia was made kyng The Gothâ—â— deuided â—â—om the â—wedians The Gothes deuiding them selues once more from the body of Swecia and gaping for an alteracion dyd trust that the Imperiall Crowne shoulde chaunce to hym whom they would assigne it to The Swecians beyng valiant of mynde would not beare so great an iniurye that their old auncient custome of chosyng their prince should be by any astred Wherfore they determined that their king should be elected and appointed at their pleasure They aduaunsed to the crowne one of their owne countrey and not onely not regarded but also despired the kyng which the Gothes had made The Gothes stubburnly and rebelliously resisting the decree and sentence of the Swecians dyd make ciuyll warres agaynst their newe kyng whom they dyd ouercome And because they would haue Magnus to raigne which was of the Gothes election they made the Imperiall seate voyde of a Ruler The Swecians anoyding domestical discencion internal hatred did condiscend and agre wyth the Gothes not by compulsion The Swedians sâ—the of ciuyll waâ—ris but by request that Magnus shoulde be kyng After whose death they generallye exalted Swercone to the kyngdome Who left a sonne named Charles that quietlye peaceably succeded his father al the tyme of Waldimar kyng of Denmarke to whose doughter he was maried After Charles reigned Eric who quietlye passed hys lyfe with the Danes was about the tyme of Christe 1249. Whose fate fortune beyng at an ende they made great variaunce discord with the kyng
to his expectacion he dyd wyth muche speede and lyttle gayne returne into Denmarke At length the Portes townes adioyning to the sea made this concord agrement betwene Eric and Engel bert Eric shuld be king on this coÌ„dicion A kyng vpoÌ„ condicions that no Danes but Swecians should beare office in their holdes their Cities shoulde keepe their olde liberties and their marchauntes their accustomed fraunches The kyng beyng resident in the country should receiue hys whole reuenewe and beyng absent but the one halfe These thynges agreed vpon he saild into Denmarke where the Danes takynge example of the Swecians prescribed certayne rules and orders which they would haue compelled their kyng to folow wherby much trouble happened in their country He therwithall wonderfully offended 〈◊〉 forsâ—oke hys kyngdome did gather together as much treasure as he might And swearing neuer more to medle wyth the troublesome state of a kyng dyd sayle into Prussia After whom Christopher Prince of Palatine Duke of Bauar consin to Eries sister was generallye chosen by the chiefe Rulers of the three kingdomes Whereby they thought to haue prouided a great tranquilitie and quietnes to their Marchauntes This man altered nothyng in Swecia tyl such tyme as not contented with his owne prosperitye he began to enuy their countrye And then he heaped vp al the treasure of the kingdome as wel that which was gathered of many yeres before as his own and sent it away by the sea After whose death the Swecians would ioyne their kingdome no more with the Danes The Swecians refuse to be knyt wyth the Danes but with a muche better wyl dyd chuse to their kyng Charles Canutus one of their owne a worthy Ientleman nobly borne of the old auncient bloud of the kinges of Gothea and Swecia He scant had finished .vii. yeares in his raigne when he began to ware very greuous couetous in all thinges Peruers counsel bredeâ—â— contemple to the Prince altring his noble nature from vpright Iustice to seuere cruel punishment accounting his wyl in eche decree to be a law which caused hys faythfull louyng subiectes to reuolt and turne from hym When he perceiued that they sweld so agaynst hym suche thinges as he had before his election he gathered together and placing the treasure of the crowne in a sure hold imbarked him selfe and went to Gedamus When the kyng was crosse saild and wanting nothing for hys departure but onely waying of Ancker one of his noble men demaunded of hym it he had not left something a shore vndone This is not sounde in Mounster but ye shall reâ—deâ—â— in the history of the Bâ—thes whych he would haue executed To whom the Kyng with a great sygh answered Yes verelye I haue neglected longe tyme synce the executyng of thee and thy lyke which yf I had then done I had nowe quietlye remayned in the common wealth Then Christiern whom the Danes and Norwayse had elected for their Kyng was called into the kingdom to be crowned whereby the thre kyngly titles did ioyne agayne in one Not long after the Swecians did moue iust rebellion agaynst kyng Christiern because he kepte not promise with them nor did not wisely obserue those thinges he had taken in hand The kyng therfore the .7 yeare of his raygne the yeare of Christ .1469 dyd enter with cruel battel into the couÌ„try of Swecia wher as the inhabitantes being knit together did easely resist him Notwithstanding thys repulse he had .2 Castels in the Country that wonderfully vexed troubled the Swecians Afterwarde the Kyng entryng agayne wyth an army into Swecia could doo no good for hym selfe nor damage to his enemye for the strayghte passage of the mountaynes In the meane season Charles Canutus that was Kyng of Swecia dyed in whose place they chose Steno one of theyr worthy Captaynes The Swecians chuse Steno to be gouernour to whoÌ„ thef giue the auctoâ—iâ—ye of a kynge but not the name to whom they gaue the authority of a Kyng but not the name He myght call commaund all the Swecian Princes and Rulers to anye affayres about the Realme suche one whom the Germaynes name a Marshal the FrenchmeÌ„ a Constable the Romaynes a Mayster of the Horse In great reuerence and estimacion was thy Steno among the Swecians For they accounted hym as well worthy of the crowne as any of his predecessors which they not seldom tymes offered hym wyth the name of a Kyng but he continually refused it Iohn the sonne of Christiern â—ohn kyng of DeÌ„mark 〈◊〉 gape for the crowne 〈◊〉 â—â—ecia beyng placed successor in both the kingdomes of Demnarke Norway dyd also gape for the crowne of Swecia Whose expectacion they lykewise had satisfied if he would haue bene bound as the rest of his predecessors were to the obseruances of al their old lawes and customes whych he refused vnles he myght haue it wyth the franke auctority of a Prince Many yeares passed whilst the affayres of Swecia remayned in thys state and chiefe lye because theyr protector was of such Iustice that the people had no desyre to a Kyng Now Iohn the sonne of Christiern gatheryng together an excedyng great and myghty army â—ohn kyng of DeÌ„mark dothe vanquysh Swecia did lead them into Swecia Where after many bloudy battels he conquered the Country Not long after when the Kyng was busyed about the determinacions and apoyntmentes of hys doynges ther rose a rumir among the people how easely they myght recouer theyr liberty The kyng beyng so busely occupyed aboute the establyshyng of his own estate But he perceiuyng theyr murmuryng myndes dyd leaue hys wyfe wyth a Garyson in the Castel of Stockholme priuely departed out of the Country The Quene thus left the Swecians did besiege the Castel â—â—â—ng ThoÌ„s 〈◊〉 is alâ—â—â—st â— yere 〈◊〉 Nâ—nste wherein she was at lengthe by the extremity of famyne hungar she yelded and went to the Monastery of saynt Brydget from whence she was after the space almost of two yeares delyuered by Raymond Legat of Rome In the meane tyme kyng Iohn dyd leny a huge army to cary into Swecia where he hauyng many friendes whych sent hym word eyther to bryng fifty thousand men or els his trauel should be in vayne Notwithstandinge he attempted thys warre Fyfty thousand Danes go into swecia and preuayle not wherein he litle preuayled hauing his sonne Christiern a soldiour wyth hym After the trauel of a smal tyme in these doutful doynges he dyed and lefte Christiern hys sonne in hys place ¶ The tragicall hystorye and tiranicall doynges of the second Christiern king of Denmarke CHristiern the second king of DeÌ„marke son to Iohn dyd plainly demoÌ„strate in his youth where vnto he would be chiefely addicted in his age For beyng a soldiour vnder his Father in the Swecian warres he vsed hym selfe verye fierce and cruel in peace at home double deceitfull
fled into Scondia He also besieged Stockholme wherein there was no men left Prince Goâ—â—â—ue besâ—â—â—â—â—h Stoâ—kâ—oâ—â— but onely the Garison of Christiern The wynnyng of thys City was very daungerons to be attempted by assault the place the situacion artificiall strength of the towne resistyng them Notwithstanding the vertue myght and polecy of the Captayn was such that they forceably wan it by assault dyd enter into it The City thus taken the valiaunt Prince Gostaue dyd prudently consider that al thinges was at a good point the warres in euery place ended the whole Realme voyde of theyr enemyes to be at quiet therefore he did very honorably worthely reward his soldiours The wars ended Gostaue magnificentlye rewardeth his Soldiours euery one with ample large gyftes according to his good seruice This done he opened the seas agayne made safe and sure nauigacion for all Saylers ¶ The most noble magnificent and vertuous Prince Gostaue the onely deliuerer of his Country from al cruel bondage vyle seruitude and misery is worthely elected Kyng FOr the great goodnes that the most valiant By Prince Gostaues vertue he liâ—ected hys Country victorious triumphaunt Gostaue Erichson dyd by incredible trauayle wyth great trouble of mynde and paynfull labour of body bryng to hys country and because he valiantly had reuenged the cruel wronges and horrible iniuries where in his Country men were most miserably wrapped The Rulers of the kyngdome that yet remayned whose happy lyues had not tasted the terrible torments vehement furies of Christiern Gostaue is crowned Kynge of Swedland Gothlande Fynland He is kyng by successioÌ„ 〈◊〉 election By right he is horne to the crowne and al the whole countries of Swecia Gothland with one voyce one consent both by right deserte dyd crowne hym kyng And generally wyth glad mindes ioyfull hartes they gaue him the Imperial sword as one whose noble actes had worthely merited both by succession election the regal place of his predecessors By ryght he was lawfull kyng no lesse nobly borne in birth then valiaunt magnificent in dede Of no baser bloud then his haught attemptes witnessed Of no meaner parentage then hys honorable doinges declared of no lower race then his princely vertues shewed By desertâ— be boughtâ— the crowne By desert he dearelye bought the kyngdome For he deliuered them from the most bitter bondage vyle thraldome of theyr cruel enemyes he assured their lyues from those that wold haue murdred them He restored their auncient fame from those that had disfamed them He liberted their Cities The pleasures he did to his country from those that had disfrauÌ„ched them He garded their goods from those that would haue spoyled them and finallye he saued them from domestical peril and also defended them from outward daunger This prudent Prince by his wysdome power polecy with an inuincible mynde for the reuenge restoring of his Country Nature made hym his vertues cald hym fortune plâ—â—ed hym in â—â—e râ—gall estate passed through a thousand perils sometymes on the rough ragged rockes of the Danes tiranny sometimes almost swaloed vp with the deuouring sandes of enuy before he could attayne to the royall typ of his apointed estate For the which Nature at the first had made him vertue had cald him fortune had in the end brought him Now al those that wylled wel to their Country preferring honorable concord before ciuill discencion regarding publicke vtilitye more then common spoile The description of hopâ— losts ouerthrowers of Common wealthes and vnlesse it were suche that were enemyes to rest quietnes foes to the good friendes to the euyll greedy catchers of other mens lyuinges prodigal wasters of their own sowers of sedicion reapers of disceÌ„cion styrrers and mouers to al stryfe mischiefe as no common welth is cleare without some of them excepte these hop lostes not one but greatly dyd reioyce made their humble prayers to God They pray for the continuance of hys raygne That his Maiesty might long raygne among theÌ„ at home with euerlasting peace and tranquislity abroade against hys their enemies with great conquest victorye chiefly that his princely person myght be sure in both Wyshing hys lyfe so to shyne in prudent vertue that he myght be a myrrour lyuely example to al mighty Kynges rulers whereby he should for euer be worthely saluted wyth the swift thundring truÌ„pe of fame reported for the best happiest After this triumphant maner the noble king Gostaue receiued the crowne of Swetheland Gothland Finland With what pâ—â—â—â—â—ce Gostâ—ue â—uâ—eâ—d his country Which Regimentes he did gouerne by such politik wisdome and princelye prouidence that ioyning wyth hys regal auctority great and laudable vertues he euer mayntayned and norished aboue al thynges peace loue and concord â—â—s sâ—diâ—ion â—â—â—â—â—ly pâ—â—â—â—â—â— Not withstanding the Sucalandes a few yeres past dyd a lytle trouble vexe the country Which sedicion was by his prudent wysedome so prouided for and by hys diligent industry so pecified that they floryshed wyth happy peace desired trâ—nquisity The ioyneth godly wyse 〈◊〉 learned 〈◊〉 to hym To the confirmyng and luculently estably Kyng whereof was chosen certayne men both godly wyse and worthye whose graue counsels the Kyng dyd cal to his kyngdome wyth great loue and fauour Namely George Norman George nor maÌ„ Oliuer Holmens and Oliuer HolmeÌ„s both singulerly wel learned The first for hys noble giftes of the mynde wherein he dyd excel and also for his godly knowledge in the scriptures he was made Tutor and Scolemaister to the most princely and valiant Eric now Kyng of Swecia George Nor man Tutor to pâ—ince Eric â—owe king of swedia and to Duke Iohn his brethee to Duke Iohn hys Brother And moreouer for hys great experience and excellency of wyt was elected one of King Gostaues priuy counsel The other named Oliuer HolmeÌ„s besyde lys sincere and perfecte vnderstandyng of the sacred scriptures and also his knowledge of other notable histories was an expert and rethoricall Preacher These two wyth others their lyke dyd the King chose to be the principall members of hys kyngdome Gostaue did prosper with gloryoâ—s fame Whose raigne could not by any meanes decay but prosper with glorious fame hauyng suche graue Counsellers to enstruct hys doynges and preparyng suche instrumentes for the maintenaunce of hys regal estate What expectacion was to be looked for in those tender and youthfull yeares of the most noble Eric that yet were vnperfect not onely hys princely and vertuous redynes which as then by report began to bud out but also the good education and learned enstruction of his Tutor Occasion why there was good greet hope of the noble Prince Eâ—â—â— he beyng endued and brought vp in lyke condicion and lyke inclinacion wyth hym myght brynge thys doubt
¶ The Description of Swedland Gotland and Finland the auncient estate of theyr Kynges the moste horrible and incredible tiranny of the second Christiern kyng of Denmarke agaynst the Swecians the poleticke attaynyng to the Crowne of Gostaue wyth hys prudent prouidyng for the same Collected and gathered out of sundry laten Aucthors but chieflye out of Sebastian Mounster By George North. ¶ Set forth accordyng to the order in the Quenes Maiesties Iniunction ¶ Imprinted at London by Iohn Awdely dwelling in litle Britaine Streete by great S. Bartelmewes Anno .1561 The .28 of October ¶ To the ryght woorshypfull and hys synguler good Mayster Mayster Thomas Steuckley Esquire hys obedidient seruaunt George North wysheth prosperous health wyth encrease of muche worship AL auÌ„cient Historiographers my singuler good Mayster for theyr difficult trauayl merite most hye laud whose famous woorkes reueleth to our memory the secrete doinges of tyme past and also bewrayeth to tyme present the vnknowen actes of oure Elders For although by the course of Nature their bodies are kylled yet lyueth theyr good or euyll deedes in the euerlastyng report of letters Amonge these none deserueth more praise nor worthy of more veneracion then the most noble writer Sebastian MouÌ„ster whose large labour greatlye surmounteth the doynges of any other Thys Mounster both compendiously briefely and yet eloquently and truly entreateth not onely of one hys own natural soyle but generally of al Nacions the situacion of their Countries the maners of theyr people wyth the ryghtes and vsages of their Princes In whose volume it was my fortune to reade the description of Swedlande Gothland Finland And findyng these Countries to be so large and fruitefull theyr Kynges so noble and auncient theyr people so mighty and valiaunt Consideryng the vertue of Princes to be a myrrour to looke on their vices a terrour to thynke on also for that swyft Fame hath published the reporte of these people vnto vs I thoughte meete to reduce the same hystorye into our vulgare tounge thoughe not so copiouslye and eloquentlye as any learned myght haue done The situacion and naturall lying of theyr great and large Countries the rytches fertillitye and fruitfulnes of the same wyth theyr noble notable Cities I haue briefly ouerpassed The old estate and auncient raygne of theyr Kinges with theyr diuers and sundrye alteracions sometyme by the Danes sometyme by the Norwayes and sometyme by deuision among them selues I haue in few words collected But the horrible and cruel tyranny of the second Christiern kyng of Denmarke against the Swecians and hys iust reward for the same the poleticke attaining of King Gostaue to the crowne hys triumphant Coronacion hys prudent gouernyng with the vertuous prouidyng for the education learned instruction of the moste noble Eric nowe Kyng of Swecia I haue most amply declared Gathering the report hereof out of sundry Autthors as Iohn Magnus Archbishoppe of Vpsalen Saxus Grammaticus and Sebastian Mounster whose authoritye I haue chieflye folowed Proferynge the same to your worshyp as the fruites of my trauail in your absence acknowledging herewithal the remembraunce of my seruiceable deuty and good wil to your Mastership whose large ample benefites I haue not seldome tymes receyued with your fauorable goodnes not onely to me but also to euerye one whose nede you knew to want your reliefe More what friend remaynes vnrecompenceâ—â— any friendshyp towardes you What stayed hand hath wythdrawen any gyft of yours from him who desyred it and whom you thought worthy to receiue it Besydes these your liberalities your own trauel in foreyne straungenacions wyth the perfect vnderstandyng almost natural speakyng of theyr languages importeth you to be as trym a Courtier as you are knowen to be a worthy Soldiour I woulde dilate your seueral vertues but I feare to incurre your displeasure thereby whose eares enuieth the hearing of your own praise whose tounge thundreth oute the good fame of others Also some sclaunderous SicophaÌ„ts would saye my pen dyd flowe rather wyth affection and flattery then wyth troth and veritye But to suche as neuer learned to speake wel I answer that besides the part of a Seruaunt I haue wayed more your inward natural inclinacion then your outwarde franke doynges althoughe they are sufficient wytnesses wyth me of thys my reporte Most humblye desiryng you to accept in good part thys my vnlearned labor that I haue vnder the defence of your goodnes putin publycke prynt whyche if it bee thankfully taken may encourage me hereafter to attempt larger workes whereby I truste as well to profyt my Countrye as to content my selfe Wyshinge the prosperous successe of Fortune to cal you to your harts desyre wyth the fruitfull continuaunce of helth betwene you and my Mystres whose goodnes both I and myne haue ofteÌ„ tymes aboundauntly tasted to whom I wysh lyke prosperitye Whose mynde is frayted wyth a nomber of sober vertues Your bounde Seruaunt as I haue euer semed George North. ¶ The description of the most florishyng Countrye of Gothia or Gotlande wyth the auncient raygne of theyr noble Princes THys woord Gotlande in the Germaine toung doth interpretat a good grouÌ„d of good land And amongst the Northeast Regions thys Countrye of the Gothes is most fertylit It is also to be prereâ—â—ed before the rest for the aboundaunt yeldyng or all maner of fruites and honye and chiefelye for that it hathe suche goodly pastures whereby their cattel are fed both great and fat The fruitefulnesse of Gothâ—â— full of large Forestes with apt plesaunt Ryuers They haue great store of all maner of Merchaundies in euery place is found such plenty of vsual necessaries that their superfluities suffiseth to enterchaunge wyth others aboundyng with precious turres and mettanes but chiefely wyth Copper The Gothes the Swecians tyme out of mynde euen from the beginning or their beynge haue vnsted knyt themselues in leage amitye The â—â—thes 〈◊〉 the Sweâ—â—ns haue tyme out of â—â—nve bene vnder one Kyng both vnder one law and one King And also they haue apointed the confines boundes of both Countries to be as one kyngdome Yet haue they often tymes occasion being offered as those chaunces are wount sequestred deuided them selues the one from the other and eche nacion haue had their seueral king Notwithstanding their deuision was neuer certayne neyther dyd it longe remayne betwene them but that they were ioyned agayne with contented subiection vnder the aucthority and gouernment of one Prince At home neare hand agaynst their neighbours the Swecians haue euer preuayled Nerehâ—â—â—â— and against theyr neigh bours the Swecians haue euer stoorished but abroade the Gothâ—â— but abroade in far straunge Countries the glorye of the Gothes wyth their mighty and bloudy bartels by the report of Fame haue greatly exceded They wrestled of long tyme with the Romaynes being ouercommed they woulde for a while be quiet but attempting againe the doubtfull
grounde much lyke the cituasioÌ„ of Venis from whence he taketh his name For although it be builded in water yet is the foundacion very strong sure The sea entreth into it by two great and large armes that any shyp ful fraited may sayle with her burden into eyther of them After the incarnacion of Christ 1307. this city was wonderfullye afflicted 〈◊〉 â—â—râ—full 〈◊〉 not of 〈◊〉 â—â—ard of and almost vtterly ruined by a fyre that fell from heauen For when the lyghtnyng had taken hold of the houses it miserably burnt broyled as well the people as their goodes There perished in this pitifull flame xvi hundred men But moste part of the wemen with an innumerable sort of maydes conueyed them selues with their substauÌ„ce children abourd such shyps as lay in their hauens with theÌ„ not a few men Notwythstandyng A thousand and syxâ— hundred menne 〈◊〉 before they could depart the whole multitude fleing from the peryl of present death violently imbarked them selues with the rest hauing no regard to their common calamity dyd ouer charge theyr shyps in such sort that the waters deuoured them both Such as wyth great hope hasard A wonderful and a laâ—â—â—ntable â—haunce escaped the hatefull death of burning here ended their lyues with the vnlucky chaunce of drowning An example to the worlde no les worthy to be noted then it is of al men to be pitied Thys country of Swecia is ful of Marchandrise for strauÌ„gers for their own necessaries they haue inough to make exchaunge with others They haue also great store of precious furres mettals The hye MouÌ„taines of Norway Denmarke are playnly and perfecly sene of them A greate Kynd of curâ—â—â—y It is for a trothe reported that the inhabitants of Swecia haue a wonderful kinde of curtyse entertainment wyth them For they account hym an euyl naughtye man that denyeth to the straunger lodgyng so that contencion strife doth often chauÌ„ce among them who Wall first receaue the traueler into hys house Where as they pay neither for meate nor drinke And besides this In Swedland the traueler pâ—ieth not for â—â—â—vytails but in corporate townes they wyll guyde their Gest to hys next bayght lendyng hym horse and other necessaries for the quicker dispatch of hys iourney What greater honour can one do to his country then in vsyng a straunger friendly The people of Swecia are many of strength armes mighty both on horsebacke a foote In battel bold and valiant eyther on the land or the sea The Dukedome of Angermani conteineth the North partes to the confines of Laponie whose country is full of great woods and large Forestes where their chiefe wylde beastes are hunted The Dukedome of Midelpathus occupieth the south of Angermani after whom lyeth the Dukedomes of Helsingia Gesâ—ritia Firingia Vpsalia their Metrapolitane city the Dukedome of Coperdalia where ther is a valley that groweth ful of Copper A valley that groweth ful of Coppet also Dalecarlia a people strong mighty in armes The Dukedome of Vplandia which hath all hys Countrye with mynes of Siluer Copper Steele Vplandia rytche of al mettals They haue a notable city called Nicopia strongly fortified wyth hye walles great Bulwarkes Kolinolnemus deuideth Swecia from Gothelande by the Poole that stretcheth out a longe from Nicopia ¶ Of the Kynges of Swecia TO seeke the fyrst spryng and originall of the SweciaÌ„s my labour should be no les therin theÌ„ an endles trauel I thinke it as vn possible for others to finde as myselfe both for others to finde as my selfe both for the antiquiti of their name and also the auncient state continuaunce of their raigne Notwythstanding that whych passed tyme hath coÌ„mitted to the report of letters which of al auctorities is accounted ol best I haue here briefly collected 〈◊〉 were 〈…〉 lande 〈…〉 â—â—ich 〈◊〉 Long time past and long before the natiuity of Christ Sichtrug as saithe Saxus Gramaticus reigned kyng of Swecia tyl such time as Gram kyng of Denmarke dyd ouercome and kyl Sichtrug in battel whereby the Swecians were made for a whyle subiectes to the Danes Then Swiddager kyng of Norway expulsed and draue fourthe Grame bothe out of Denmarke and Swecia 〈…〉 by whyche meanes he brought all three kyngdomes vnder one crowne Suche alteracion and ouerthrowes of Princes as our Elders haue seene them so we in our daies haue felt the profe of them For when for tune is disposed to daly with Princes The â—â—unâ—â—â—â—us â—â—aâ—â—â—◠〈◊〉 â—or 〈◊〉 she maketh theyr seat so much the hygher that theyr fall in the ende maye be the greater After Swiddager succeeded hys sonne Hasmond in the kyngdomes of Swecia Norway Vffo after Hasmond and Hindin after Vffo Hynding succeded Hindin and after his death he left the crowne of Swecia to his sonne Hothrod Who whilst he striued to amplefy enlarge hys kyngdome lost both it hys lyfe Whereby a way was made for the Danes to the crowne of Swecia But Atisle Nother the sonnes of Hothrod consideryng the straight tribute of the Danes recouered for a small tyme enioyed the crowne after their Fathers death For Rolfe kyng of Denmarke inuaded Swecia and slew Atisse in battel He tooke the Regall name of a king from them and would in no wise haue them beare any Princely dignitye but to remayne subiectes onely to the crowne of Denmarke Tyll such tyme as Hiartur a noble man borne of Swecia dyd so enter into the fauour and grace of Rolfe Swecia is made a â—â—â—butary â—â—â—tenant sâ—yâ— that he graunted them the title of a Lieftenant appointing therwithal a yerely tribute to be payd And because he wold be the more assured of hys fidelity he gaue hym his syster in mariage The iestes doynges of Swecia remayned in thys state but a whyle For Hiartur dyd cut of the heade of Rolfe he againe of the Danes was polde by the same Barber Then Mother the brother of Atisse whoÌ„ Rolfe dyd kyll seyng the Regall seate voyde of a kyng dyd wyn the Nobilities fauour so muche that they possest him wyth the same and also they made it easye for hym to brynge in subiection the kyngdome of Denmarke Denmarke subiect to the crowne of Swecia whych he dyd But as wyth small trauel lytle tyme he obtayned it so wyth inconstancy and lightnes of minde in les whyle he lost it For Baldar dyd driue hym out of Denmarke Not long after Mother was slayn in battel where vpon the Nobility beyng weary loathyng the yoke of the Danes dyd make Atisse one of the bloude Royal kyng Thus passed their state for a tyme wher in no notable thyng is founde to be done amonge the Swecians wether the Danes to them or they to Danes were subiectes But as by histories it is certaynlye knowen that aboute the time of Augustus Cesar Alric was kinge of Swecia who was slayne
meete him fully bent to trye the might of his enemy did ioyne battail with him Where Steno playing the part of a noble Captain Steno playing the part bothe of a Captayne a Soldiour was slaynt also of a valiant Soldiour manfully fighting in the face of his aduersaries receuing many greuous woundes not without great losse to his country with high laud was slaine After whose euerthrow the Swecians for a while did fiercely maintaine the fyght their bloudye bodies possessing those places being dead that thei were apointed to kepe by their captain being alyue Notwithstanding the bold haught courages of the Swecian soldiours could not long preuayle the power of the enemy being so great not onely their field leader but also their commoÌ„ welth Gouernour being killed Therfore they were compelled to commit the safegarde of their owne lyues to flyght and like men without a Captaine left the field Gostaue the counterfait bishop vtterly drowned in al mischiefe naturallye enclined to disceight Gostaue shaketh of his discemnled simplicitye cloking his euil naughty desire with poore repentaunce couering his crafty entencion with the cloude darknes of fained holynes who semed to liue solitarely tyll this present Whom no gladnes could reioyce nor no pleasure could please now seing his natural countrye men thus ouercommed and disperced lyke an vnnaturall beast with a ioyful minde did shake of his discemuled simplicity and vnbrideling the raine of his hipocritical lust Gostaue to turneth to hyn trayterous voâ—â—â— creping out of his lurking Iuy tree returned to his trayterous vomet muche more glorying in the victorye of Christiern then bewayling the lamentable ouerthrow of hys countrye men The wynning of one fielde was to the kyng no conquest nor the losse of one battell was to the Swecians no subiection Wherfore he went about once againe to compasse with craft his pretensed purpose gylefullye determined vnder the fauourable name of peace to execute great cruel incredible euils The Senat of Stockeholme at so licited to peace which he could not so perfectly bring to passe by the force of his army therfore he solicited the Senat of Stockholme to an honest and perfect agrement The treatye was broughte to thys ende that they were contented with any honest condicions of peace so that the vncertain and miserable broile of warre myght seace They so muche regarded the quiet estate of tranquilitye that they preferred thys disceitfull amitye before the assuraunce of theyr owne safetye The Auncientes and chiefe Rulers of Stockholme dyd prescribe the Articles which were these The condicion of peace Christiern should keepe and mayntaine the lawes and customes of theyr Countrye vnbroken he shoulde not infringe nor take awaye the liberties of their Cities he shoulde forgeue and forget all suche as had woren armour agaynst hym The Dane who neuer desyred quietnes but to some mischeuous ende had suttellye conceiued all these thinges in his heade before The wrytynges of peace at braâ—â—â— coÌ„sâ—r men wyth these seueâ—â—â— feales knowing that this agreement was the path way to hys inhumane purpose He swore a solempne othe wrytynges were drawen both of theyr peace and amitye Whereunto they dyd seuerallye set their handes and seales The Citizens throughly perswaded or rather innocently blinded by this fraudulent disceâ—t laid open their gates to theyr enemies The Danes enter into Stockholm receiued their new reconciled friendes into the City whereinto many of the Countrye dyd enter wyth them Not treatyng them straungelye as late aduersaries but curteslye wyth muche gentlenes as auncient friendes dyd vse them honourablye Christiern dyd dwel in his mischeuous dissimulacion tyll suche tyme as he and hys Soldiours were of their trauelous toyle well refreshed and also had the Castell of Stockholme stronglye fortefied wyth his Garisons wardes and watches Christiern doth cal the Danes â—o horrible counsayle Then longyng and lustyng for his horrible entencion and boyling in hys diuelishe desyre he called the Danes to a Councell belchyng oute the rancour and poysoned deuise of hys murdrish mind for the destruction both of the City and Citizens He asketh their iudgement howe and by what meanes he anyght best destroy them eyther by force or polecye O thrise vnhappy Citizens and most vnfortunate Swecians what ment you to laye open your gates for suche a Geast whose Fame Fortune and hyghe felicitye dyd enlarge hys libertye wyth spightfull affections Coulde not hys often double dealinges haue warned you Could not the ensample of his first breatche of promise teache you Nor would not the suretye of your owne persons suffice you but that you must open your bowels and cut foorthe your entrailes to feede your enemies wyth your bloude Why dyd you not preuent thys dampnable counsell Was there no Prophet among you Was there no celestiall sygne shewed vnto you Could no Swecian eare be so happye to harken to thys conspiracie The blâ—â—â—k â—oâ— of 〈◊〉 â—iueâ— beâ—â—â—wen That whylst you walke vp and ded 〈◊〉 the Citye thynkyng your selues in moste securitye the bloudy lottes of your lyues be drawne O cruell Christiern coulde nothing remoue nor induce thy vicies to dread the terrible punishment of murdrish mindes What great and greuous tempestes of hatred lurked in thy brest that thou must needes thus thunder out thy horrible and dampnable sentence against those that reuerenced thee regarded thee and honoured thee They were become thy subiectes thou shouldest haue bene their king They tooke thee to defende them from forein force and not to spoyl them with cruel slaughter They tooke thee to rule with Iustice and not to raigne with rigour The Swedians tooke Christiern for a king not for a killet They chosed thee a king and not a kyller They tooke thee a Man not a Monster How muche diddest thou digresse from humaine nature when thou apointedest thy selfe for an instrument of murder Wheâ— was become thy sences could no perill feare thee could no reason rule thee nor could no shame withdrawe thee from thy detestable entent Did not thy conscience waren thee Did not the horror of mynde trouble thee nor did not the swift course of fame bashe thee Fame flieth â—at swâ—â—â— wyth Princes boiâ—geâ— which transporteth Princes doinges to the extreme confines of the world Was there no good counseller in this assemble Was there no Dane that durst disswade thee Haddest thou no faithful free friend in al thy company not one that loued thee not one that frankely would refourme thee The Danes â—eÌ„drid more their kings fauour theÌ„ his honour not one among them al that tendred more thy honour then thy fauour O pityful case Were they all as thy selfe minded and thou as they determined A mete king for such couÌ„selers apt subiectes for such a Prince Now for this traiterous conspiracy against the Swecians whose counsel was most woorst that was best alowed whose tale tended to most
violently pull vp by the rootes al such as against his mynde possest any spiritual possessions or enioyed anye ecclesiasticall dignities ¶ How Prince Gostaue escaped out of captiuity and after deliuered his Country THe moste noble Prince Gostaue Erichson sonne to Eric nere of bloud to Charles Canutus the last kyng of Swecia Nephew to Steno Sture the Elder 〈◊〉 Gostaue prysoner in Denmarke beyng yet a hostage or rather a prisoner in Denmarke hearing of so many euyls calamities of his Countrye going a hunting with other noble men of the Danes he began to excogitate in his princely mynde howe and by what meanes he might best escape steale away Occasion offered He 〈◊〉 his apparell wyth 〈◊〉 â—â—â—ourer sequestring him selfe from the felowshyp of the Hunters he declined his natural nobilitye to the course countenaunce of a country man aparaled with the robes of a common laborour he ioyned him self to a Marchaunt and fayned to be a Muleter or a keeper of Cattel tyl suche tyme as he was escaped out of the couÌ„try Lubee and from thence was transported into Swecia Where he did openly boldly and frankly declare that he would reuenge the iniuries losses of his country restore them againe to their auncient libertye an enterprite more then his youthfull yeres coulde compas but that the stoutnes of his minde did answer to hys boldnes Moreouer he was decked with such temperaunce The vertues of Gostaue honesty and manly prudence as was rare to be founde in any of so grene and tender age Therefore the fourth yere after the beginning of the bloudye warres of Christiern Prince Gostaue chaunged his apparell hauyng on the rusty garmentes of a ragged country man went about Swecia declaring vnto them in how many manifold cursed and wicked euyls they were wrapped in playnlye paynting foorthe the wretched estate of them al leauing nor omitting any thing that might kyndle or encourage the Country Citizens to battel The perswâ—cions of Gostaue He dyd not forgette to tell them that they were not borne for them selues but for their Countrye to whose ayde succour they wer bound of duty to forsake no peryl no daunger nor any trauel beyng then at poynt to perishe wythout present helpe He remembred them of all the facinorous factes that Christiern had committed also of the most great and greuous wickednes that hys flagitious company had executed both against God man without any renenge which he to accomplish with them woulde hasard his lyfe no whyt regardyng it in respecte of the earnest zeale he had to the coÌ„mon vtility of his countrye men The comeâ—â—e grace of Prince Gostaue Moreouer the comelynes of his parson dyd represent suche a Maiesty that it declared his magnanimity to be adorned with a singuler valiant stout courage The Dalekarlions â—e y◠〈◊〉 waâ—â—yks people â—â—ll Sweâ—â—â— Wherefore he tooke vpon him by their election bothe to reuenge their wronges also to set them at libertye For the accomplishment wherof he leuyed soldiours of Dalckarly the most warlyke people of al Swecia They dwel about the mountaines that deuideth Swecia froÌ„ Norway where there be mynes of Syluer of Brasse Which mettal places doth quickly moue them â—yâ—â—s eâ— Syluer and â—rasse chiefely styrre them aboue al things to be fierce in resisting their enemyes Gostaue vsing the seruice of these men went against the Danes that laye in Garison in the Citye of Aorosie The Danes lye in garyson at the city of Aorosâ—y The sudayn 〈◊〉 of Gostaue the byâ—â—op where they dyd muche harme wyth violating vexing and troubling of the whole country Now Gostaue the Byshop onely in name Traitour to his couÌ„try driuen into a great feare with thys soudeine new dauÌ„ger sought al the wayes he could how he might ouerthrow this begun enterprise of reuenge But the noble valiant The gentle nature of Prince Gostaue and princely younge Gostaue Erichson perceyuing his entent dyd send a Messenger to the Byshoppe friendlye exhorting hym to leaue of returne from hys old errors and treasons Considering that his countrye men not long tyme past had tasted the fruites of sufficient detestable abhominable mischiefes The Bishop receiued this gentle admonicion with such arogancye The arogancy 〈◊〉 â—â—dain full pride of the byshop pride that reading his honorable curteous letters did spitefully cast them down and vnreuerently trode them vnder his feete The magnificent Gostaue hauyng intelligence thereof beyng of the bloud royal 〈…〉 of the bloud royal Nephewe to them who had woren the crownes of Swecia nowe demaunding his rightful inheritaunce of those that spoiled it was the more greued with the despite of the Byshop which caused him to do that by the force of his regal auetority that other wyse he woulde haue redressed by hys clemency He led a band of trusty chosen soldiours of the Dalekarlions agaynst him his companye who with smal power dyd ouercome him The Bishop ourâ—throwe doth flye to Stockeholm The Bishop being thus subdued with spedy flight went to Stockeholm wher the rest of the Danes lay in Garison But they coÌ„sidering the might of the Swecians daylye to encrease dyd determine with this Traitour Gostaue the Bishop sayleth into Denmarke The vnstidly discurtest of Christiern to sende for a newe army into the Country With whiche promise he sayled to his tirannical companion into Denmarke Where he was as wel worthy neither friendly receiued nor gently entertayned nor after that was euer of any auctority or estimacioÌ„ with Christiern By what reason could he leaue forsake or shake of the felowship society of hym who had coÌ„municated their tyrannies and ioyned their mystheuous myndes so often in one being confederates together in al their dampnable deedes The king of Denmarke was nothing inseriour to him in al falsehed vntroth not onely to his enemies abroade but also to hys subiectes at home A busy troubler of his country wher in he was accordingly regarded for wythin a whyle after hys returne he was deposed from his kyngdome The Bishop wandreth lyke an abiect a iuste â—â—marke of trasen The crowne thus taken from the kyng and he beyng thrust out of the regal seat Gostaue the Bishop without any glory or reuerence lyke an abiect wandred through the country Christiern 〈…〉 pâ—ye 〈…〉 lycke dâ—e 〈…〉 saâ—â—â— so continued in Denmarke tyll hys dying day Christiern also poore nedy for certaine yeares had no place to abyde in but destitute of al kingly furniture was compelied to place hys feete vnder other mene â—â—bles glad to banquet wyth other mens dainties onely necessity and want driuing hym there vnto Leauyng Christiern thus a Stragle the most â—uissaunt Gostaue dyd leuy a mete and conuenient army of the Dalekariens Prâ—â—â—â— Goâ—â—auâ— gâ—the â—â—â—h an hoâ—â— the Swecians and the Gothes folowed the rest of the Danes that were