of mankind very eloquent warlike and temperate he pleaded Causes in Latin and made Greek Poems and Tragedies At the Siege of Jerusalem fighting under his Father he kill'd twelve men upon the Walls with twelve strokes of his Darts he was so civil in his government at Rome that none ever was punished he pardoned those to that degree convicted of Conspiracies against him that he treated them with the same freedom as before he was one of so great easiness and liberality that he could deny nothing to any man and when he was reprehended by his friends he answered that no man ought to depart with a sad countenance from the Emperor wherefore once at Supper remembring he had given nothing that day to any one he said O my friends I have lost this day he built the Amphitheater at Rome and kill'd five thonsand Wild Beasts at its dedication Hence being beloved with unusual kindness he died in the same house his Father did after he had reigned two years eight months and twenty days in the one and fortieth year of his age When he was dead the publick mourning was so great that all grieved as if they had been fatherless The Senate having heard of his death in the evening assembled with all hast in the Senate-House the same night and render'd him being dead so many thanks and praises as never to any Emperor in his presence or in his life time consecrating him amongst the Gods Then Domitian reigned his younger Brother more like Nero Caligula or Tiberius than his Father or Brother yet he governed soberly for his first years soon after falling into the great vices of Lust Anger Cruelty and Covetousness he made himself so hated that he abolished the merits of his Father and Brother he killed the noblest of the Senate and commanded himself to be stiled Lord and God he would suffer no Statue to be erected in the Capitol for him but of Silver and Gold he kill'd his Kinsmen and his pride was execrable he made four Expeditions one in Sarmatia another against the Catti and two against the Daci he triumphed twice over the Daci and the Catti and wore a Laurel for the Sarmatians he suffered many losses in these Wars for his Legions were kill'd in Sarmatia with their General and the Daci cut off Appius Sabinus a Consular man and C. Fuscus Captain of the Guards with their great Armies he built many places at Rome as the Capitol the Forum called Transitorium the Musick Room the Portico's of Isis and Serapis and the Stadium but when he began to be hated by all for his wickedness he was slain in the Palace by a conspiracy of his Servants in the five and fortieth year of his age and fifteenth of his Reign His Corps were carried out by the Bearers with great disgrace and buried scandalously The Eighth Book OF EVTROPIVS The Reign of Nerva Trajan Adrian Antoninus Pius Antoninus Philosophus Commodus Pertinax Julianus Severus Caracalla Madrinus Heliogabalus and Alexander Severus with the most considerable passages From V. C. 850 to 987. By Mr. Robert Ingram IN the eight hundred and fiftieth year from the building of Rome in the Consul ship of Vetus and Valens the Commonwealth was re-stated in a most prosperous condition by being happily committed to the government of good Emperors Nerva succeeded Domitian that cruel Tyrant a Man moderate in his private life valiant and of the middle rank of Nobility who when he was very old by the help of Petronius Secundus the Captain of the Guards and Parthenius who slew Domitian being made Emperour carry'd himself most justly and civily and consulted the good of the Commonwealth with a Divine foresight in adopting Trajan He died at Rome having reign'd sixteen months and eight days in the seventy first year of his age and was consecrated a God After him came Vlpius Trajanus Crinitus born at Italica a City of Spain of a Family more ancient than noble for his Father was the first Consul Trajan being made Emperour at Agrippina a City of Gaul govern'd the Commonwealth so well that he was deservedly profer'd before all other Princes he was of extraordinary civility and valour and extended the bounds of the Roman Empire both far and wide which after the time of Augustus was rather defended than honourably increas'd he repair'd many Cities in Germany on the other side of the Rhine and having overcome Decibalus conquer'd Dacia making that part a Province beyond the Danube which now belongs to the Taiphali Victophali and the Thervingi about one thousand miles in compass he also retook Armenia which the Parthians had seiz'd having kill'd Pharnaces the Syrian who govern'd it He gave a King to the Albani and took under his protection the Kings of the Iberi the Sauromatae the Bosphorani the Arabians the Osroeni and the Colchi and seiz'd upon the Adiabeni and Marchomedi with a great Country of Persia call'd Anthemisius he took the City Seleucia Ctesiphon Babylon and Edessa and conquer'd even unto India at last he came up to the Red Sea and there made three Provinces Armenia Assyria and Mesopotamia with the Nations bordering upon Macedena reducing Arabia to the same form of government he setled a Fleet in the Red Sea to wast the coasts of India Yet he surpass'd his Military Fame with civility and moderation equalizing himself to all at Rome and through the Provinces He oftentimes went to visit his Friends either when they were sick or upon festival Days and without any distinction kept mutual Feasts among them going abroad with them in their Litters he never injur'd any of the Senators nor did any unjust thing to encrease his Exchequer he was liberal to all Men and both publickly and privately enrich'd with Money and Honours even them with whom he was but indifferently acquainted he built many places all over the World and granted great priviledges to Cities he acted all things so peaceably and quietly that all the time he reign'd but one Senator was condemn'd and he by an Order of the Senate unknown to Trajan For this reason most resembling a God both alive and dead he deserv'd to be worship'd all over the World Among other sayings of his this is much esteem'd when his friends blam'd him that he was too kind to all Men he answered he did to them as he should wish Emperours to do to him if he himself was a Subject After he had obtain'd great honour both at home and abroad as he was returning from Persia he dy'd of the Flux at Seleucia a City of Isauria in the sixty second year ninth month and fourth day of his age and of his Reign the nineteenth year sixth month and fifteenth day he was made a God and of all other Emperours was buried within the City his bones were put in a golden Urn and placed under a Pillar in the Forum which he himself had made which Pillar was one hundred forty four feet high So great respect is paid to
Battels also desired Peace When it came to a Treaty Peace was granted upon the same Conditions as before Scipio having added to the old Sum of five hundred thousand pound a thousand pound more for their late Rupture The Propositions displeased the Carthaginians and they commanded Hannibal to fight The War was carried on against Carthage by Scipio and Masinissa another King of the Numidians who had made a League with Scipio Hannibal sent three Scouts to the Roman Camp whom being taken Scipio commanded to be led through the Camp that the whole Army should be view'd by them that a Dinner should be given them presently and after that to be dismissed that they might tell Hannibal what they had seen in the Roman Camp In the mean time the Armies are drawn up in Batalia by both these Captains the like never was seen in the memory of Man the Armies being drawn up by the most skilful of all Generals Scipio was Conqueror Hannibal himself being almost taken who first escaped with many Horse then with twenty last of all with four Twenty thousand pound in Silver was found in his Camp and eight hundred in Gold with other rich furniture After that Battel Peace was made with the Carthaginians Scipio returning to Rome triumphed with great honour and hence was stil'd Africanus Thus ended this second Punick War after it had lasted nineteen years The Fourth Book OF EVTROPIVS The three Macedonian Wars the third Carthaginian the Syrian with King Antiochus with those in Achaia Asia Spain Transalpine Gaul and in Africa against Jugurtha with other co-incident Actions From V. C. 551. to 648. By Mr. Brune Clench THE second Punick War being ended the Macedonian followed against King Philip. In the five hundred fifty first year from the building of the City Titus Quintius Flaminius was sent against King Philip fought with good success Peace was granted to him upon these Conditions That he should not make War upon the Grecian Cities which the Roman protected against him that he restore the Captives and Deserters and keep but a Fleet of fifty Ships paying yearly four thousand pound in Silver for ten years with his Son Demetrius for a Hostage also Titus Quintius making War with the Lacedaemonians overcame Nabides their General who submitted himself upon the Consuls conditions who upon his return led Demetrius the Son of Philip and Armenes the Son of Nabides two noble Hostages before his triumphal Chariot in great glory After the Macedonian War the Syrian begun against King Antiochus in the Consulship of Publius Cornelius Scipio and Marcus Acilius Glabrio Hannibal took part with this King having left Carthage his native Country for fear they should deliver him up to the Romans Marcus Acilius Glabrio fought fortunately in Achaia and having taken King Antiochus's Camp in a Battel by Night put him to flight and restored Demetrius to his Father Philip because he helped the Romans against Antiochus In the Consulship of Lucius Cornelius Scipio and Caius Laelius Scipio Africanus went Lieutenant General under his Brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio the Consul against Antiochus Hannibal who was his Admiral was overcome in a Sea-fight Afterwards Antiochus himself was overthrown in a great Battel at Sipylum and Magnesia Cities of Asia by Lucius Cornelius Scipio the Consul Eumenes the Brother of King Attalus who built Eumenia in Phrygia assisted by the Romans in that fight fifty thousand Foot and four thousand Horse of the King's side being slain then Antiochus sought Peace which was granted to him though overcome by the Senate upon the same Conditions as before that he should depart out of Europe and Asia that he should bound himself with the Mountain Taurus pay ten thousand Talents give twenty Hostages with Hannibal the cause of the War All the Cities of Asia which Antiochus lost in this War were given to King Eumenes by the Senate likewise many Cities were given to the Rhodians who assisted the Romans against him Scipio return'd to Rome and triumphed with great honour taking the name of Asiaticus by imitation from conquering Asia as his Brother was called Africanus from overcoming Africa In the Consulship of Spurius Posthumius Albinus and Quintus Marcius Philippus Marcus Fulvius triumphed for his Victory over the Aetolians Hannibal after the Victory over Antiochus lest he should be delivered to the Romans fled to Prusias the King of Bithynia being also demanded of him by Titus Quintius Flaminius when he was to have been given up to the Romans he drank Poison and was buried at Libyssa in the borders of Nicomedia Philip the King of Macedonia being dead who had both fought with the Romans and afterwards help'd them against King Antiochus his Son Perseus rebelled in Macedonia having rais'd a great Army to carry on the War Cotys the King of Thrace and the King of Illyricum called Gentius aided him Eumenes the King of Asia Ariarathes King of Cappadocia Antiochus King of Syria Ptolemaeus King of Aegypt with Masinissa the King of Numidia help'd the Romans but Prusias King of Numidia although he married Perseus's Sister stood neuter being civil to both Parties Publius Licinius the Consul and General of the Romans was beaten by the King in a fierce Battel neither would the Romans grant Peace to the King desiring it though they were overcome but upon these Conditions That he should surrender up himself and his Cavalry to the Senate and Roman people A little after Lucius Aemilius Paulus the Consul was sent against him and Caius Anicius the Praetor into Illyricum against Gentius but he being easily overcome in one Battel soon after yielded up himself as his Mother also did with his Wife two Sons and Brother to the Romans Thus the War was ended in thirty days the overthrow of Gentius being sooner known than that the War was begun But Aemilius Paulus the Consul fought the third of the Nones of September with Perseus and overcame him with the slaughter of twenty thousand of his Foot all the Horse being fled with the King the Romans onely with the loss of an hundred gain'd this Victory with the surrendry of all the Cities in Macedonia which the King possess'd He being forsaken of his Friends submitted himself to Paulus but Aemilius did not esteem him as a conquered Man for he would not suffer him though he desired it to lie at his feet but placed him next to him these Conditions were granted to the Macedonians and Illyrians that they should live free paying but half the Tribute they paid to their Kings that it might appear the Roman People fought more for Justice than for Riches Paulus delivered these things in a very great Assembly of the People and treated the Embassadours that came from many parts at a most costly Banquet saying that it became the same General to overcome in War and to appear great in his Entertainment A little after having taken seventy Cities of Epirus which had rebelled against him he distributed the Spoils to the Soldiers and
six hundred seventy eight M. Licinius Lucullus govern'd the Province of Macedonia the Cousin of that Lucullus who managed the War against Mithridates In Italy on a sudden arose a new War for seventy four Gladiators under the command of Spartacus Chrysus and Oenomaus having broken out of their fencing School at Capua fled away and wandering through Italy commenc'd as great a War as Hannibal did for overcoming many of the Roman Captains and two of their Consuls they gathered together an Army of almost sixty thousand Men at last they were conquered by M. Licinius Crassus the Proconsul in Apulia and after many calamities in Italy the War was ended the third year by him In the year of the City six hundred and eighty in the Consulship of P. Cornelius Lentulus and Cnaeus Aufidius Orestes onely the Mithridatick and Macedonian Wars disturb'd the Roman Empire Lucius Lucullus and M. Lucullus managed them For L. Lucullus after his Victory over Mithridates at Cyzicus and his Captains in a Sea fight pursued him and having recovered Paphlagonia and Bithynia he marched into his Kingdom and took Sinope and Amisus two famous Cities in Pontus The second Battel was fought at the City Cabira where Mithridates had gathered together great Forces from all his Countries thereabouts when five thousand Romans putting to flight Mithridates with thirty thousand of his best Soldiers plunder'd his Camp Lucullus also subdu'd Armenia the less which Mithridates governed But he was received after his flight by Tigranes King of the greater Armenia who then reigned with great Fame and oftentimes beating the Persians had seiz'd upon Mesopotamia Syria and part of Phaenicia but Lucullus demanding Mithridates that fled entred Armenia Tigranes his Kingdom took there the famous City Tigranocerta and with eighteen thousand so overthrew Tigranes coming against him with six hundred thousand Cuirassiers one hundred thousand Archers and armed Men that he cut off a great part of his Armenians From thence he marched to the City Nisibis which he took with the King's Brother But those whom Lucullus had left in Pontus with part of the Army to defend the Romans with their conquest in the adjacent Countries behaving themselves carelesly and covetously gave an opportunity to Mithridates of breaking into Pontus and so the War was renewed and one sent to succeed Lucullus having taken Nisibis and preparing the War against the Persians the other Lucullus who governed Macedonia was the first of all the Romans that waged War against the Bessi and overcame them in a great Battel on the Mountain Aemus and having taken the City Vscudama which the Bessi inhabited in one Day and Cibyle he marched Conquerer even to the Danube From thence he went against many Cities bordering on Pontus where he sacked Apollonia and took Calaâ—â—s Parthenopolis Tomi Histrum and all Buzia After the War was ended he returned to Rome and both of them triumph'd but Lucullus who managed the War against Mithridates triumphed with greater glory being Conquerour of so considerable Kingdoms The Macedonian War being ended and by reason of Lucullus his return to Rome the Mithridatic War continuing which Mithridates with new Forces prosecuted there arose a War in Crete Caecilius Metellus was sent thither and in three year having subdued all the Provinces and being stil'd Creticus he triumphed from the conquest of that Island About the same time Libya was added to the Roman Empire by a grant in King Apion's will in which Province there were these famous Cities Berenice Ptolemais and Cyrene Whilst these things were perform'd the Pirats so infested the Seas that the Romans though the Conquerers of all the World could not safely sail Wherefore this War was Decreed to be managed by Cnaeus Pompeius who with great fortune and celerity ended it in few months Afterwards the War against Mithridates and Tigranes was committed to him which having undertook he overcame Mithridates in Armenia the less in a Battel by Night and plunder'd his Camp cutting off forty thousand of the Enemy with the loss onely of twenty of his Soldiers and two Centurions Mithridates fled with his Wife and two Attendants Afterwards when he tyranniz'd over his people in a mutiny of his Soldiers raised by his own Son Pharnaces he was forc'd to poison himself Thus Mithridates died at Bosphorus a Man of great industry and conduct he lived seventy reigned sixty and made War with the Romans forty years Then Pompey made War against Tigranes who surrender'd himself and coming to him in his Camp sixteen miles from Artaxata fell at his feet and delivered up his Crown which Pompey restored again and received him honourably but took away Syria Phaenicia Sophone besides fining him in six thousand Talents of Silver to be paid to the Romans for raising War against them without a cause Afterwards Pompey brought War on the Albani and thrice overcame Orodes their King who at last obtain'd a Peace by his Letters and Presents to Pompey He also overcame in a Battel Anthaces the King of Iberia who submitted to him He gave Armenia the less to Dejotarus the King of Galatia for assisting him in the Mithridatic War And restoring Paphlagonia to Attalus and Pylemenes he made Aristarchus the King of the Colchi Then he subdued the Ituraei and the Arabians and coming into Syria made Seleucia near Antioch a free City because it had not aided King Tigranes He restor'd the people of Antioch their Hostages and added some grounds to the Daphnenses to enlarge their Groves being delighted with the pleasantness of the place and its many Springs From thence he marched into Judaea and in the third month took Jerusalem the chief City and having slain twelve thousand Jews he receiv'd the rest into his protection Having performed these things he returned into Asia and so ended this long War In the Consulship of Marcus Tullius Cicero the Orator and C. Antonius in the year of the City six hundred eighty nine Lucius Sergius Catilina a Man of high birth but of a very vitious Disposition plotted with some audacious Noble Men against his Country but he was driven out of the City by Cicero and his Associates upon apprehension strangled in Prison Catiline also overcome in a Battel was slain by Antonius the other Consul In the year of the City six hundred and ninety in the Consulship of D. Junius Silanus and L. Murena Metellus triumphed for conquering Crete and Pompey for the Piratic and Mithridatic Wars no pomp of a Triumph was ever like to Pompey's for Mithridates his and Tigranes's Sons also Aristobulus the King of the Jews with a great Sum of Money were carried before his Chariot At that time there was no considerable War in all the World with the Romans In the year of the City six hundred ninety three Caius Julius Caesar who was afterwards Emperour and L. Bibulus were made Consuls Caesar having obtain'd by Order of Senate the Government of Gaul and Illyricum with ten Legions first overcame the Helvetii who are now
these two Consuls being Conquerors were slain upon which the three Armies obeyed Caesar Antony being put to slight having lost his Army went for succor to Lepidus who was General to Caesar's Horse and then commanded great Forces by whom he was received and soon after Lepidus endeavouring it Caesar made peace with Antony and as if he would vindicate the death of his Father by whom he was adopted in his Will he marched to Rome with his Army and by force procured the Consulship in the twentieth year of his age Having proscribed the Senate he began with Antony and Lepidus to govern the Commonwealth by an Army Cicero the Orator was kill'd by them with many other Noblemen In the mean while Brutus and Cassius the murtherers of Caesar rais'd a great War for there were many Armies in Macedonia and the East which they seiz'd upon wherefore Caesar Octavianus Augustus and Mark Antony went against them Lepidus staid behind to defend Italy they fought against 'em at Philippi a City of Macedonia Caesar and Antony were overcome in the first Battel but the most noble Cassius was slain In the second Brutus and very many Noblemen of his side were slain and then the Commonwealth was thus divided amongst them That Augustus should govern Spain France and Italy Antony Asia Pontus and the East But Lucius Antonius the Consul raised a Civil War in Italy his Brother who had fought with Caesar against Brutus and Cassius he was overcome and taken at Perusium a City of Tuscia but his life spar'd In the mean time Sextus Pompeius the Son of Cn. Pompeius made a War in Sicily those of Brutus and Cassius's party who remain'd joyning with him yet after a War brought upon him by Caesar Augustus and M. Antony at last a Peace was ratified At that time M. Agrippa acted prosperously in Aquitania and L. Ventidius Bassus overcame the Persians making incursions into Syria in three Battels He kill'd Pacorus the Son of King Orodes the same day that heretofore Orodes King of the Persians had kill'd Crassus by Surena his General He first triumph'd truly over the Persians at Rome In the mean time Pompey broke the Peace and being beat in a Sea-fight fled to Asia and was there slain Antony who govern'd Asia and the East being divorced from Augustus's Sister married Cleopatra the Queen of Egypt He also in person fought against the Persians and overcame them in the first Battel but in his return he suffered much by Famine and Pestilence and the Parthians falling upon him in his flight he lost his Victory He also raised a great Civil War by the instigation of his Wife Cleopatra the Queen of Egypt whilst she through a womans ambition long'd to rule at Rome He was overcome by Augustus in a famous Sea-fight at Actium in Epirus from whence he fled to Egypt and in despair when all his Soldiers had revolted to Augustus he killed himself Cleopatra died with the poison of Asps which she had put to her Breasts Octavianus Augustus added Aegypt to the Roman Empire and Cn. Cornelius Gallus was the first that governed it Thus having finished all his Wars every where Augustus in the twelfth year after he had been made Consul returned to Rome From that time he governed the Commonwealth alone for four and forty years having rul'd it twelve years before with Lepidus and Antony and so from the beginning to the end his Reign lasted six and fifty years He died a natural death in the seventy sixth year of his age in Atella a City of Campania He was buried in the Campus Martius at Rome a man not undeservedly for the most part reckon'd a God Nor was any one more happy than him in his Wars or more moderate in Peace He lived with the greatest civility all the four and forty years he ruled alone being most liberal towards all men and very faithful to his friends who he had advanced to so great honors that they were almost equal to himself The Roman affairs never flourished more before his time for besides the Civil Wars in which he was always conqueror he added Aegypt to the Roman Empire with Cantabria and Dalmatia oftentimes overcome before but entirely subdued by him also Pannonia Aquitania Illyricum Rhaetia the Vindelici and the Salassi living upon the Alps with all the Maritime Cities of Pontus and amongst these the famous Cities Bosphorus and Panticapaeon He overcame the Daci in several Battels He cut off the great Forces of the Germans and drove them beyond the River Allis which is up the Country far from the Rhine but this War was managed by his Son-in-law Drusus as the Pannonian War was by his other Son-in-law Tiberius in which War he brought four hundred thousand Captives out of Germany and planted 'em upon the Banks of the Rhine in Gaul He retook Armenia from the Parthians and the Persians gave Hostages to him which they never did before to any other Also they restored the Roman Ensigns which were taken away from Crassus when he was beaten The Scythians and the Indians sent presents and Embassadors to him who before had never heard of the Roman name Galatia in his time was made a Province being before a Kingdom and M. Lollius the Propraetor was the first that governed it The barbarous Nations so loved him that Kings who were Allies of the Roman People built Cities to his honor which they would call Caesarea as that built by King Juba in Mauritania and that in Palestine which now is a very famous City Many Kings left their Kingdoms to do him service and being dressed in a Roman Habit ran by him in his Chariot or on Horseback and dying he was stiled a God He left the Commonwealth to Tiberius in a most flourishing condition who being his Wives Son was afterwards his Son-in-law by the marriage of his Daughter and at last his Son by adoption Tiberius governed very lazily with great cruelty wicked avarice and filthy lust He never fought in person but carried on his Wars by his Lieutenants Some Kings whom he had enticed to him by his flatteries he never let return to their own Country amongst whom Archelaus King of Cappadocia whose Kingdom also he made a Province and commanded the chief City to be called after his name which now is called Caesarea and before Mazaca He reigned three and twenty years and died in Campania in the eighty third year of his age to the great joy of all men After him rul'd Caius Caesar surnamed Caligula Drusus the Son-in-law of Augustus was his Grandfather and Tiberius his great Uncle he was very wicked and horrible one who might excuse the Vices of Tiberius He undertook a War against the Germans and entering into Suevia performed no valiant action He committed Incest with his Sisters and had a Daughter by one of 'em when he had been outragious towards all men in Cruelty Avarice and Lust he was kill'd in his Palace in the nine and thirtieth year of
was liberal towards his friends but not so careful as it became so great a Prince for there were some who would wound his honor he was very just to the Natives of the Provinces and eased them from Taxes as much as could be he was courteous to all men but took little care of his Exchequer very ambitious of glory which oftentimes transported his mind he was too great a Persecutor of the Christians yet so as he abstained from putting any to death he was not unlike M. Antoninus whom he endeavoured to imitate After Julian Jovian who at that time was one of the Guard was elected Emperor by the Soldiers more eminent by his Fathers commendation than by his own who through the disorder of his affairs and the want of provision in the Army when he was overcome in several Battels by the Persians made a necessary tho an ignoble peace with King Sapores being forced to diminish the Confines and to part with some of the Roman Empire which in eleven hundred and eighteen years from the building of Rome never hapned till his time I confess our Legions were made slaves at the Town Caudium by Pontius Telesinus in Spain also at Numantia and in Numidia yet no part of the Empire was surrendred This condition of Peace ought not altogether to have been blamed if Jovian would have broke the necessity of his League when it was fresh and in force as the Romans have done in all these Wars that I have given an account of for War was forthwith brought upon the Samnites the Numantians and the Numidians neither was there any Peace ratified But he staying in the East and fearing one that would rival him in his Empire little consulted his own honor wherefore in his march to Illyricum he suddenly died in the Confines of Galatia he was a man neither unactive nor imprudent Many snppose he died of a Surfeit for he loved to indulge Feasting at Supper others of the small of his Bed-chamber which coming from the fresh plaistering of the Wall was dangerous to such that lie there some think he died by the fume of too many coals which he commanded to be burnt it being very cold He died in the seventh month of his Reign on the fourteenth of the Kalends of March and as they who speak most probably in the three and thirtieth year of his age and by the kindness of his Successors was deified for he was inclined to civility and very liberal in his nature This was the state of the Roman Empire when this Jovian and Varronianus were Consuls in the eleven hundred and 19th year after the building of Rome But since I am come to famous and venerable Princes I will put an end to my work for I must speak of what remains in a more lofty stile which I do not at this time so much omit as reserve to be written more accurately A Geograpical INDEX To explain the names of the People Countrys Citys Rivers and Hills mentioned by Eutropius A. A Chaia largely taken is Hellas or Greece but strictly part of the Peloponnesus about Corinth Actium a City of Epirus on the Sea Shore and called Nicopolis in memory of Augustus's Victory over Mark Anthony and Cleopatra Adiabeni the people of Adiabene a Country of Assyria Aegypt a Country in Africa anciently divided by Mela into two parts the lower Delta the upper Thebais Famous for the invention of Arts and Physick Astronomy Husbandry c. It is bounded on the East with the Red-Sea on the West with Cyrene on the North with the Mediterranean-Sea on the South with Aethiopia Aemus or Haemus the greatest Hill of Thrace called now Balkan Aequi a People of Latium in Italy now called Campagna di Roma Aetoli a People of Greece between Acarnania and Phocis Africa one of the four parts of the World it is a Peninsula joyned to Asia by an Isthmus of sixty miles long Agrigentum the Town Gergento on the Hill Agragas in Sicily Agrippina now called Cologne a famous City of the Lower Germany upon the Rhine so called from Agrippina the Empress and Wife of Claudius Albani the People of Albania between Iberia and the Caspian-Sea Albis a River it runs through the midst of Germany called the Elb and falls into the Sea near Hamborough it has its name from Halb that is half Alexandria the name of many Citys but here in Aegypt now called Scanderia built by Alexander the Great Alexandrini the People of Alexandria Algidus a Hill 12 miles from Rome with the Town Algidum built upon it Allia a River of the Sabins in Italy flowing into the Tiber supposed now to be Rio de Mosso famous for the Slaughter of the 300. Fabij Almans a People of Germany near to Rhaetia heretofore inhabiting in Suevia now all the Germans are called Almans Altinum a Town of the Lower Pannonia now Hungary called Tolna Ambrones a People of France where Ambrun is now tho Cluverius makes them some of the Helvetii The Alps high Mountains which part Italy from Germany and France Anio a River of the Sabin's flowing into the Tyber three miles from Rome now called Teverone Antemnates the People of the City Antemnae in Italy Anthemisius a Country of Persia Antiochia Antioch a great City of Syria this is the City where men were first named Christians Apollonia a name of many Citys 1. in Macedonia 2. in Asia 3. in Thrace Apulia a Country in Italy it is now called Puglia it is divided into two parts the one is called Puglia Piana or Daunia the other Peucetia or Terra di Barri Aquileia a City of Italy not far from Venice Aquitania the third part of France now called Guienne one side bordering on the Ocean-Sea on the West it hath Spain on the North the Province of Lyons and on the South Narbone Arabia a Country of Asia so called between Judea and Aegypt It is divided into three parts Arabia the Stony Arabia the Desert and Arabia the Happy Ardea once a City of Italy twenty miles from Rome Argentoratum a City of Alsatia it is now called Strasburg Argos a Country and a City in the Peloponnese Ariminum a City of Italy by the River Rubico cow called Rimini Armenia now called Turcomania a Country of Asia divided into two parts the greater and the less the greater hath on the West Cappadocia on the East part of the Hyrcane-Sea on the South Mesopotamia the Less hath on the North and West a part of Cappadocia on the East Euphrates on the South Taurus Armorica Bretagne in France so called by Caesar Arverni a People of France by the River Loire this Province is called Auvergne Asia the third part of the World divided into two parts the Greater and the Lesser the Greater is parted from Europe by Tanais and from Africa by Nilus The Lesser is now under the power of the Turks and called Natolia Assyria a Country in Asia on the East it hath Media on the West Mesopotamia on the
Wonders of the World which was burned by Erostratus the same night that Alexander was born Epirus a Country in Greece 't was called by the Ancients Chaonia and Molossia now Larta and Chimera 't is under the Turks and by some called Albania inferior Esquilinus one of the seven Hills of Rome Eumenia a City of Phrygia built by Eumenes from whom it took its name Euphrates a River of Mesopotamia rising out of Niphatis a Hill of Armenia one of the Rivers that come out of Paradise it passes through Babylon and now called Aferat or Frat. Europa Europe one of the four parts of the World and most considerable for Arts and Arms so called from Europa the Daughter of Agenor King of Tyre F. FAlisci a People of Tuscany in Italy subdued by Camillus the Consul Fidenae a City of Latium a Province of Italy now called St. Peters Patrimony G. GAbii a City of the Volscians twelve miles from Rome in the way to Praeneste now called Campo Gabio Galatia or Gallograecia a Country in Asia the Less lying between Paphlagonia Pontus and Cappadocia whereof Dejotarus for whom Tully did make an Oration was King 't is now called Chiangare and by the Turks Gelas. Gallia now called France it is bounded with the English Aquitane and Mediterranean Seas the Pyrenean Hills and the Alps. Galli the People of Gallia now called the French Germania Germany a most large Country in Europe having on the West the River Rhine on the North the Baltick Ocean on the South-West the Danow 't is divided into ten Circles and Governed by the Emperor and seven Electoral Princes with other Dukes and Petty Princes Germani Germans the People of Germany Gothi a people of the Lower Scythia in the Northern part of Europe they did Wast and Depopulate a great part of Europe Graecia a famous Eastern Province of Europe the Nurse of Valour and Learning H. HElvetii the People of Helvetia now called Switzers Heraclea a City in Thrace betwixt Stanbol and Galliopolis once called Perinthus Hierosolyma Jerusalem called also Salem and by the Poets Solyma the chief City of the Holy Land indeed once of the whole World 't was also called Aelia from Aelius Adrianus The Turks who have it now in possession call it Chutz or Gots Hispania the Country of Spain by the Ancients called Iberia 't is environ'd with the Mediterranian the Ocean and Cantabrian Seas except towards France from which 't is sever'd by the Pyrenean Hills I. Janiculum a Castle upon the Hill Janiculus one of the four Hills of Rome called from the God Janus now Montorio Iberi a People of Spain which was called Iberia either from King Iberus or from the River Iberus Illyricum the Country called Sclavonia or Wedenland having on the North Pannonia on the West Istria on the East Mysia Superior and on the South the Adriatick Sea India a large Country of Asia call'd by the Natives Indostan 't is bounded on the East with China on the North with Tartary on the West with Persia and on the South with the Indian Sea Interamna and Italian City in Vmbria called Terani Isauria a Southern Country of Galatia joyning to Pisidia with a City called Isauria which was afterwards called Claudiopolis Istri the People of Istria a Country now in Italy by the Dutch called Histerech so called from the River Ister under the Dominion of Venice Italica a City of Spain built by Scipio Africanus Ituraei the People of Iturea a Region of Palestine bordering upon Arabia Judaei Jews People of Judaea or Palestine now dispersed over all the World L. LAcedaemonia a large Country of Peloponnesus now called Tzaconia the chief City whereof was Lacedaemon called also Sparta Lacedaemonii the People of Lacedaemon Latini the People of Latium a Province in Italy now called Compagna di Roma Leptis a City of Africa between the two Syrtes belonging to Tripoli and now called Lebeda or Lepeda Libyssa a Town of Bythynia called now Polmen where Hannibal died between Nicomedia and Chalcedon Ligures the People of Liguria in Italy reaching from the Hill Apenninus to the Tuscan Sea of which Genoa is the chief City 't is now called La Riviera di Genoua Lilybaeum a Promontory and City of Sicily now called Capo coco Lingones People of France dwelling about Longres Lorium a Village 12 miles from Rome Lucania a Country of Italy in the Kingdom of Naples Lugdunum the City Lyons in France called for difference-sake Lugdunum Celtarum from Lugdunum Batavorum Lusitania the third part of Spain now called Protugal 't is parted on the North from Tarracon by the River Ducro Lycia a Country in Asia the Less now called Bricquia by others Aldinelli situated between Caria and Pamphylia M. MAcedonia a large Country of Greece containing several Provinces 't is now all under the Turks Maesi People of Maesia a Country in Europe adjoyning to Pannonia and running out at length along the Danube to the Pontus antiently the higher and the lower now Bulgaria Servia Magnesia a Country of Macedonia joyning to Thessaly containing Pieria and Pelasgia Marcomanni People near Austria whose Country is called Mark or as others Bohemians Mare Rubrum the Red Sea called by the Greeks Erythraeum and 't is also called Sinus Arabicus it parts Asia from Africa Mariana a City in Corsica now called Matino or Zagorolo Marsi a People of Latium in Italy Massilia a City in Provence in France called Marsiles Mazaca the City Caesaria in Cappadocia by the Hill Argaeus Mauritania a Country in Africa called Morisco lying towards the Gaditan Straits and the West Ocean 't is divided into Tingitana which contains in it the Kingdom of Fess and Morocco and Caesariensis called the Kingdom of Algier and is now with other Countrys contained under the general name of Barbary Mediolanum the City of Milan in Italy where St. Ambrose was Bishop remarkable for four things for multitude of People a stately Church a strong Castle and a Library well furnished Mesopotamia a Country of Asia between Tigris and Euphrates Milvius Pons a Bridge two miles from Rome where Milvius Ager lies Moguntiacum the City Mentz in Germany the Seat of one of the Spiritual Electors of the Emperor here was Printing first invented Munda a Town in Hispania Boetica where the last and most bloody Battel that ever Caesar undertook was fought between him and the Sons of Pompey Mursa a Town in Pannonia N. NArbona a City in France an Arch-Bishops See Nicomedia a City of Bithynia by the Propontis Nicomedienses a People of Bithynia Nisibis otherwise Antiochia of this name are many Cities one of Syria called Epiphane Nola a City of Campania fourteen miles from Naples where Augustus Caesar died tho our Author mentions Atella Noricum a great tract of Ground containing several Countrys as great part of Austria Stiria Carinthia c. Numantia a City of Spain now called Soria or Garray Numentana via a Road that went from Rome to Nomentum Numidia a part of Africa now
called Biledulgerid bounded with Mauritania Carthage and Aethiopia Numidae the People of Numidiae O. OLympus 't is the name of three Cities the first in Pamphylia the second in Lycia the third in Cilicia also the name of a Promontory of Cyprus and of twelve Hills especially one very high in Thessaly and 't is also a Promontory in Crete now called Cambrasia or Cambrussia Osdroene a Country in Syria on the confines of Mesopotamia Osdroeni the People of Osdroene P. PAlatinus one of the seven Hills of Rome called so from Palatia Evanders Daughter now Palazzo Maggiore Palaestina a Country of Asia called by the Ancients Canaan and the Land of Promise by Ptolomy Palaestine or the Country of the Philistines and now by Christians the Holy Land it containeth the Countrys of Idumaea Samaria Judaea and Galilee the chief City was Hierusalem Pamphylia a Southern Country in Asia the Less between Cilicia and Lycia now Subject to the Turk and lying on the West part of Caramania Panticapaeon a great City of Taurica now Tartary the Less near the Cimmerian Bosphorus call'd Pantico Pannonia a large Country of Europe now called Hungary divided into the Upper and the Lower Pannonii the People of Pannonia Paphlagonia a Country in Asia the Less lying between Galatia and the Euxine Sea now called Bolli Parthi the People of Parthia a Country in Asia lying between Media Carmania and the Hyrcane Sea by Mercator 't is called Aroch by others Corasan Parthenopolis a City of Macedonia and of Mysia in Asia the Less Peligni a People of Italy about the City Sulmo Pergamus a City of Troas in Asia the Less now called Pergamo or Bargamo where Galen was born Persia a large Country of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea and the Country of the Moguls 't is Ruled by a Sophy and the Inhabitants call it Farsi Perusium a City of Tuscany in the mid-way betwixt Rome and Florence Praeneste a City of Latium in Italy now called Palestrina twenty four miles from Rome Phaselis a City of Pamphylia built in the year of the World 3257. it was a long time held by Pyrats Philippi a City of Thessaly built by Philip King of Macedonia who called it after his name Phrygia a Country in Asia bounded with Caria Lydia Mysia and Bithynia it is divided into the greater and the less now called Troas Picentes the People of Picenum a Country in Italy now called la Marca de Ancona Piraeeus the Port-Town of Athens now called Porto di Setine Ponticum mare called Pontus Euxinus and now the Black Sea Pontus a Country of Asia the Less lying between Bithynia and Paphlagonia and the Euxine Sea Ptolemais a Town by the Red-Sea there are also four Citys of this name Pyrenaei Montes the Mountains that part Spian from France running from East to West eighty five Leagues in length cross the Land Q. QVadi a People in Germany in Moravia Quinquegentiani a People of Africa Quirinalis one of the seven Hills of Rome called so from Romulus's name Quirinus now Monte Cavalle R. RAvenna a City of Italy upon the Coast of the Adriatick Sea Rhaetia the Country of the Grisons on the Alps. Rhenus a River which parts France from Germany and after it has run 300. miles it falls into the River Mosa and the German Sea by two mouths whence Virgil calls it Rhenus bicornis Rhodanus the River Rhone in France Rhodii the People of Rhodes an Isle near Caria in compass an 110 miles Rhodopa a Province of Thrace Rome the chief City of Italy seated on the River Tybur now in the power of the Pope S. SAbini People of Italy not far from Rome Saguntum a City in Spain now called Morvedre famous for its Ruin by Hannibal Saguntini the People of Saguntum Salassi People of Piedmont whose Country in Dutch is called Austhalles from Augusta Praetoria the chief Town Salentini a People of Italy inhabiting that corner of Italy called Terra de Otranto formerly Messapia Salonae Cic. Salona Pl. a City once of Dalmatia out of whose Ruins Spalato came Samos an Isle of the Icarian Sea lying over against Ephesus the compass of it 87 miles Samnites a People of Italy whose Country was called Samnium or Samnis now adays Labruzzo Sardica in this Author is a City in Dacia upon the Ister and also 't is a City anciently in Thrace now the head of Bulgaria called by the Turks and Greeks Sophia Sardinia an Island of Italy under the Spaniard it is 170 miles in length 80 in bredth 450 in compass the chief City is Cagliare Sardi the People of Sardinia Sarmatae the People of Sarmatia Sarmatia a large Country Northward part in Europe part in Asia containing Poland Russia Muscovy and most part of Tartary Sauromatae the Scythians and Tartars a wild People that drink horses blood Saxones the People of Saxony once Masters of great part of Germany some of them came over into England the Duke of it is one of the seven Electors of the Empire Scordisci a People of Pannonia Scythae People of Scythia Scythians or Tartarians in the North parts of Asia and in some part of Europe also Eastward Seleucia the name of several Citys one in Syria in Mesopotamia in Cilicia in Pisidia Sena the City Siena in Tuscany 100 miles from Rome Sicilia the Island of Sicily lying at the toe of Italy and parted with a narrow dangerous Sea 600 miles in compass Siculi the People of Sicily Sipylum the name of a Town and Mountain in Lydia called formerly Tantalis Sirmium the City Sirmisch in the Lower Hungary Smirna a City of Ionia called the old Naulochus now Smyrna or Ismyr Stratonice a Town of Macedonia called so from Stratonice the Daughter of Ariarathes and afterwards built by Adrianus and now called Castro Franco Sutrium the People are called Sutrini a little City of Hetruria now called Tuscany in the Province of St. Peters Patrimony Suevi a People of Germany lying about the Danaw the Country now called Schwaben Suessa Pometia once a City of the Volsci in Latium St. Peters Patrimony Syria a Country in Asia bounded with Asia the Less Euphrates and the Mediterranean Sea divided into Phoenicia and Palaestine Syracusani the People of Syracusae a City of Sicily called Saragossa T. TAiphali and Thervingi People of Dacia Tarentini the People of Tarentum called now Taranto Tarentum a noble City in the farthest part of Magna Graecia now called Tarento Tarraco the chief City of Hispania Tarraconensis which is one of the three parts of Spain and larger than both twice it doth now contain the Kingdom of Castile Gallicia Navarre and Arragon Taurominitani the People of the City of Taurominium in Sicily now called Taormina Taurus a continual Mountain in Asia beginning at the Indian Sea and stretching its Arms Northward and Southward it also reacheth Westward to the Aegean Sea Teutones the People of Germany in General called Almaines Thracia a large Country of Europe commonly called Romania bounded with the Euxine and Aegean Sea Macedonia and the Mountain Hoemus Thessalonica a City of Macedonia built by Philip of Macedon in Memory of Conquering Thessaly now called Salonichi Thessalia a Country of Greece between Boetia Macedonia the River Peneus and Thermopylae Thusci a People now called Tuscans Tygris a famous River of Asia it riseth in Mount Araret in Armenia parts Mesopotamia and Assyria it continues its course after it s joyned with the River Euphrates into the Persian Gulf. Tigurini the People of Tigurum a City of the Helvetians now called Zurich Tygranocerta the Town Sultania in Armenia the Greater Tomos a City of Pontus whereunto Ovid was Banished Transalpini the People of Gaul beyond the Alps from Rome now called the Realm of France Trebia a River of Italy called la Trebia near Placentia running into the Po. Triballi a People of Mysia between Danubius and Aemus now the Bulgarians Tripolis a City of Syria by which name several other Citys are called Troy a City of Phrygia a Country of Asia the Less Tuscia a large Country of Italy called Tuscany divided into two parts the one under the great Duke and the other under the Pope called the Churches Patrimony Tusci a very ancient People of Italy also called Hetrusci now Florentines their Country was called Hetruria now la Toscana Tusculum a City of Latium in Italy now Frascati 12 miles from Rome U. VAndali a People of Germany about Mecklenburg after setling in Spain Andaluzia was called from them Vectis the Isle of Wight about sixty miles in compass twenty in Length and twelve in bredth Newport is the chief Town Vejentes the People of Veii a Town of Hetruria in Italy Venetia the Country of Venice Verona a City of Italy in the Territory of the Venetians Victophali a People of Dacia Viminalis one of the seven Hills of Rome called so from the Osiers that grew there Vindelici People of Vindilicia a Country of Germany where now Bavaria is Volsci a People of Latium in Italy now called Campagna di Roma FINIS * Valens * Julian
departed from Tarentum and was slain at Argos a City of Greece In the Consulship of Caius Fabricius Luscinus and C. Claudius Cinna and in the four hundred sixty first year of the City Ptolemy sent Embassadours from Alexandria to Rome to make a friendship with the Romans which they obtained Quintius Gulo and C. Fabius Pictor being Consuls the Picentes raised a War and the next Consuls Pub. Sempronius and Appius Claudius overcame them for which Conquest they triumphed At this time the Romans built these Cities Ariminum in Gaul and Beneventum in Samnium In the Consulship of Marcus Attilius Regulus and Lucius Junius Libo the Roman people proclaimed War against the Salentini a people living in Apulia and vanquished the Brundusini with their City for which there was another Triumph In the four hundred seventy seventh year of the City the Roman Name was famous to all the World yet they had not waged War out of Italy Wherefore they made a Muster to know their Forces there were found two hundred ninty two thousand and three hundred thirty four although they had always been fighting ever since the building of the City The first forein War they made was against the Africans in the Consulship of Appius Claudins and Quintus Fulvius They fought them in Sicily and Appius Claudius triumphed over the Africans and Hiero the King of Sicily The next year Valerius Marcus and Octacilius being Consuls the Romans performed great Actions in Sicily they received into their protection the Taurominitani the Catanenses with fifty Cities The third year they designed to make War with Hiero the King of Sicily But he with all the Nobility of Syracuse desired to make Peace with the Romans and gave them two hundred Talents the Romans overcame the Africans in Sicily for which they triumphed the second time In the fifth year of the Punick War which was carried on against the Africans in the Consulship of Caius Duillius and Cnaeus Cornelius Asina the Romans fought first by Sea having prepared Ships headed with Iron which they call Liburnae Cornelius the Consul was killed by stratagem Duillius having joyned Battel defeated the Carthaginian Admiral and having took one and thirty of his Ships sunk fourteen he took seven thousand Prisoners and slew three There was no Victory more acceptable to the Romans than this because being a people invincible at Land they appeared now very powerful by Sea In the Consulship of Caius Aquilius Florus and Lucius Scipio Scipio took the Islands Corsica and Sardinia and having brought captive from thence several thousand obtained a Triumph L. Manlius Volso and M. Attilius Regulus being Consuls the Romans carried the War over into Africa and fighting by Sea against Hamilcar the Carthaginian General defeated him for he having lost sixty four Ships made homewards the Romans lost two and twenty but being come into Africa they first made the City Clypea surrender it self The Consuls went unto Carthage and having wasted many of their Towns Manlius after his Conquest returned to Rome bringing with him seven and twenty thousand Captives Attilius Regulus tarried in Africa He drew up his Army and fighting against three Carthaginian Captains overcame them and having slain eighteen thousand of their men and taken five thousand with eight Elephants received seventy Cities into the Roman protection Now the Carthaginians being routed desired to make peace with the Romans which Regulus denying but upon very hard terms they desired the Lacedaemonians to help them and Xantippus the General which they had sent defeated Regulus the Roman Geral with a total overthrow for of all his Army there escap'd onely two thousand fifteen thousand men were taken with their General thirty thousand slain and Regulus cast into Prison Marcus Aemilius Paulus and Servius Fulvius Nobilior being Consuls sailing to Africa with a Fleet of three hundred Ships overcame the Africans first in a Sea-fight Aemilius the Consul having sunk one hundred and four of their Ships took thirty with the men in them and having slain or taken fifteen thousand of the Enemy enriched his Souldiers with costly Spoils Now the Romans had subdued all Africa if the scarcity of provisions had not been such that their Army could not subsist there any longer The Consuls as they sailed homewards were Shipwrecked about Sicily and the Tempest so great that out of four hundred and sixty four Ships they could scarce save eighty neither was so great a storm ever heard of But the Romans soon set out another Fleet of two hundred Sail nor was there any one daunted with their former misfortune Cnaeus Servilius Cepio and C. Sempronius Blaesns the Consuls sailing to Africa with two hundred and sixty Ships took some Cities and returning home with rich Spoil were also Shipwracked Wherefore the Romans being afflicted with these continual calamities the Senate Decreed they should abstain from Sea-fights and onely keep a Fleet of sixty Ships to guard Italy In the Consulship of Lucius Caecilius Metellus and Caius Furius Pacilus Metellus the Consul in Sicily overcame a General of the Africans marching with thirty Elephants and great Forces and having slain twenty thousand of his men took six and twenty Elephants and gathered together divers others stragling up and down in the Country by the assistance of the Numidians who helped him in that War and brought them to Rome in great Pomp filling all the Roads with an hundred and thirty Elephants After these misfortunes the Carthaginians sent Regulus the Roman General whom they had taken Prisoner to desire the Romans to make peace and exchange their Captives he being come to Rome and brought into the Senate acted nothing as a Roman saying he was no Roman from that Day he had been taken by the Africans hindering even his Wife from embracing him he persuaded the Romans not to make peace with the Carthaginians for they being weaken'd with so many misfortunes were now hopeless he was not of so great value that they should restore so many Captives for him being an old Man and for a few Romans who had been taken Therefore he obtained his request For no body granted Peace to the Africans desiring it Upon his return to Carthage the Romans would have had him to have stay'd at Rome but he answered he could not live there with the same honour as before having been a Slave to the Carthaginians Wherefore when he returned to Africa they put him to a very cruel Death P. Claudius Pulcher and C. Junius being Consuls Claudius fighting with ill Omens against the Carthaginians was defeated for of two hundred and twenty Ships he fled with thirty the Enemy having taken ninety and sunk the rest twenty thousand being made captive Also the other Consuls Fleet was shipwracked but he saved his Army having landed it on the coast hard by Caius Luctatius Catulus and Aulus Posthumius Albinus being Consuls in the twenty third year of the Punick War having the management of the War sailed into Sicily with three hundred Ships
he suffer'd the Gauls and Pannonians to have Vineyards and his Soldiers having planted Vines on the Mountain Almus near Sirmium and on the Mountain Aureus in the upper Maesia he charg'd the Inhabitants to look after them he when he had waged a great many Wars having obtain'd peace said that within a little time there would be no need of Soldiers he was a valiant and just man equalling Aurelian in Military glory but excelling him in civility and was kill'd in the Iron Tower at Sirmium in a Mutiny of his Soldiers having reign'd six months and four days After him Carus being Emperor born at Narbona in Gaul made Carinus and Numerianus his Sons his Caesars with whom he rul'd two years but whilst he waged War with the Sarmatians having heard of the Insurrection in Persia marching to the East he performed noble actions against them and overthrew them in a Battel he took Seleucia and Ctesiphon very eminent Cities and when he had pitch'd his Camp by the Tigris was kill'd by a Thunder-bolt Numerianus his Son whom he had brought along with him into Persia a young man of very great hopes being carried by reason of a pain in his eyes in his Litter was treacherously kill'd through the incitement of Aper his Father-in-law and when he had cunningly hid him till he could get the Empire for himself his murder was found out by the stench of his body the Soldiers of his Guard being disturb'd with the smell having taken off the cloaths of the Bed after a few days discover'd his death In the mean time Carinus whom Carus when he made his expedition against the Parthians had left in Illyricum Gaul and Italy defil'd himself in all manner of Vice he put many to death with the accusation of forg'd crimes he abus'd many Noblewomen and was also mischievous to his fellow Students who had been somewhat smart upon him in their Schools for which being hated by all men he a little after was punish'd The Army returning home after the conquest of Persia when Carus and Numerianus their Emperors were killed one by a Thunder-bolt the other by treachery made Dioclesian Emperor born in Dalmatia of obscure Parents being generally reported to be the Son of a Scrivener but by some the Son of a Freeman to Anulinus a Senator he in the first Assembly of the Soldiers swore that he had no hand in killing Numerianus and when Aper who murder'd Numerianus stood next to him he run him through with his own hand in the sight of all the Army afterward he overcame Carinus in a great Battel at Murgum who liv'd hated and detested of all men he was deliver'd up by his own Army being stronger than the Enemy and deserted between the Mountain Viminatius and Aureus Thus Dioclesian obtain'd the Roman Empire and the Country people in Gaul making an Insurrection and calling their Rebellion by the name of the Bagaude under their Captains Amandus and Aelianus he sent Maximianus Herculius his Caesar to suppress them who in small Skirmishes overcame them and settled that part of Gaul Then also Carausius who born of a very mean Family had got great honor by his good service in the War when at Dononia all along the Coast of Belgick Gaul and Armorica he had undertook to secure the Seas which the Franks and the Saxons infested having often taken many Barbarians and not restoring the entire spoil neither to the Inhabitants of the Province nor presenting it to the Emperors when there began to be a suspicion that he had let in the Barbarians on purpose that he might meet them in their passage and so enrich himself with the spoils being commanded by Maximianus to be kill'd made himself Emperor and seiz'd upon on Britanny So when all over the world things were in confusion Carausius rebell'd in Britanny Achilleus in Aegypt the Quinquegentiani molested Africa Narseus made War in the East Diocletian advanc'd Maximianus Herculius from Caesar to Augustus and made Constantius and Maximianus Caesars of whom Constantius was Claudius's Grand-Son by his Daughter Maximianus Galerius was born in Dacia not far from Sardica and that he might also ally them by affinity Constantius married Theodora the Daughter-in-law of Herculius of whom he had six Children the Brothers of Constantine Galerius married Valeria the Daughter of Dioclesian both of them being forc'd to divorce their former Wives At last he made peace with Carausius when he had endeavoured a War in vain against him being very skilful in Military Discipline Allectus his Colleague kill'd him seven years after and kept Britanny three years after his death who also was kill'd by Asclepiodotus Captain of the Guards so Britanny in the tenth year was reduced to the the Roman Power About the same time a Battel was fought by Constantius in Gaul near the Lingones in one day he had experience of good and bad fortune for on a suddain the Barbarians rushing upon him he was forc'd to retreat into the City they were in such disorder that having shut up the Gates they drew him up the Walls by Ropes Within less than five hours after a fresh Army coming up he destroy'd almost sixty thousand Almans also Maximianus the Emperor finish'd the War in Africa having overcome the Quinquegentiani and forc'd them to make a Peace Dioclesian within the space of eight months overcame Achilleus besieg'd in Alexandria and kill'd him he exercis'd his Victory with cruelty and defil'd all Aegypt with severe proscriptions and slaughters but on that occasion he manag'd and did many things wisely which remain to this time Galerius Maximianus fought between Callinicum and Carrae at first unhappily but at last successfully yet rather through indiscretion than cowardise joyning Battel with a very few men against a very powerful Enemy wherefore being beat he went to Dioclesian who meeting him in the way was reported to have received him with such great pride that Galerius ran by his Litter some miles together afterwards having raised Forces in Illyricum and Maesia he fought again very successfully with equal conduct and valour in Armenia the Great against Narseus the Grand-father of Ormisda and Sapores having been himself a Scout with one or two Horsemen Narseus being overthrown he plunder'd his Camp took his Wives Sisters and Children a great many Persian Noblemen with a very rich Treasure and forc'd him to fly to the farthermost recesses of the Kingdom Wherefore upon his return this Conqueror was received with great honor by Dioclesian staying in Mesopotamia with a reserve Then they wag'd War sometimes together sometimes separate having overcome the Carpi the Basternae and the Sarmatians They plac'd a great many Captives of these Nations upon the Roman Frontiers Dioclesian was cunning witty and subtil so managing himself in his severity that other men might bear the hatred Nevertheless he was a very careful and prudent Prince and was the first that rather observ'd the form of Regal Customs than of Roman Liberty and when before his