manner as I place them If I have not well followed the order there will be no contest betwixt them for precedency each of them knowing very well his right and duty they teaching them to others M. de la Vrilliere MEssire Loüis Phelipeaux Chevalier Lord of Vrilliere Marquess of Chasteaux-Neuf on Loire and of Tanlai Count de S. Florentin Baron de Hervi and the ancientest Secretary of State was Sworn to his Office An. 1629. He has a great zeal for the welfare of the Church the general affairs of the pretended Reformed Religion are committed to him and many others Languedoc the County of Foix Guienne Rovergne and Quercy Broüage and the Country of Aunis Touraine Anjou le Main and le Perche Normandy Burgundy and Brest and all that is under his charge gives testimony of his Vertue and Merit He has a Son who possesses the See of the Patriarchal Archiepiscopal and private Church of Bourges Messire Pierre Balthazar Phelipeaux de la Vrilliere Marquess of Chasteau-Neuf who has the Reversion of the place of Secretary of State and of the Kings Orders treads in the glorious footsteps of his Father the marks which he daily gives are proofs of what he will be hereafter M. de Louvois MEssire Francois Michel de Tellier Chevalier Marquess of Louvois and of Courtanvau Councellor in ordinary to the King in his Councels Chancellour of his Orders Minister and Secretary of State and of his Majesties commands Vicar-General of the Order of Nostre Dame du Mount Carmel and of St. Lazarus of Hierusalem great Post-master and Superintendant of the Posts and Stages of France c. has given an infinite number of manifest proofs of his Consummated skill in Military Discipline It seems as though he had exercised himself in it all his life-time this shews that great men are capable of all things his name is known throughout the whole Earth the Hollanders Spaniards and others when the War was at the highest declared that he went like Lightning when the Service of his King and Country called upon him He possesses the eminent qualities of his Father the Chancellour of France Poitou la Marche Lionnois Dauphine Catalognia and Roussillon Pignerol Lorrain Alsatia the places Conquered and yeilded the Fortifications of these Generalities the War the Taxes raised for the support of the Souldiery and the Artillery are things belonging to his Charge M. Colbert MEssire John Baptist Colbert Chevalier Marquess of Seignelay Baron of Moneteau Beaumont Cheni Ormois Sceaux and other places Counsellor in ordinary to the King in his Councils and of the Royal Council General Controuler of the Kings Revenue Superintendant of the Navy Arts and Manufactures of France Minister and Secretary of State He has acted vigorously for the subsistance of the Armies of the French Monarchy in finding means to raise such Moneys as were necessary which are the Nerves of War He has the prudence of the Serpent as it is express'd in his Arms. Cardinal Mazarine considering his Desert before he died wisht the King to make use of him as his Minister for his fidelity and for his service His admirable Conduct daily manifests it self both in general and in particular even to the education of his Children and of his Illustrious Relations Messire Charles Edoüard Colbert Marquess of Seignelay is the eldest of the House he makes himself daily admir'd in the diversity of his Employs and Affairs wherewith he is taken up in his Majesties service he is Secretary of State Superintendant of the Maritine affairs both in the East and West I saw Anno 1677. Messire Julius Armandus Colbert Lord of Ormais at the age of fourteen years defend publick and general Theses of Philosophy in the University of Paris under the Presidency of his Brother the Abbot Messire Jacque Nicolas then Prior of Sorbonne to the admiration of all that there is of Great and Learned in the Kingdom I cannot hold from saying 〈◊〉 this noble Defender in his Orient what was said of St. John Baptist at his birth Quis puta◠puer iste erit It 's a rare thing to see a Brother perform that Office under a Brother and with so wonderful a presence of understanding These are Prodigies and Marks of their grea◠Genius It may well be said on this occasion Fortes creantur fortibus and with the Oracle Corona senum filii filiorum gloria filiorum patres eorum I shall not be more large lest I offend the modesty of the Father and of his Children I shall onely say that this wise Manager of the Kings Revenue has in his division Paris the Isle of France and the Country of Soissons as far as Noyon Orleanois Blezois the Kings House the Clergy what regards the Sea Trade and Manufactures As I write this Article the admirable and elegant Sermon which the Illustrious Abbot his Brother made one day on the Feast of St. John Baptist comes into my mind Paris rendered it self that day at Sceaux to hear it This Sermon was followed with many others in the Capital City of the Kingdom and always with excellent success This Abbot is Doctor of the House and Society of Sorbonne and Coadjutor to the Archbishop of Roüen since the second of Feb. 1680. M. Colbert Croissi MEssire Charles Colbert Chevalier Marquess of Croissi Minister and Secretary of State President of the Parliament of Paris formerly Master of Requests and Intendant of Justice has acquired the Political and Geographical knowledge of all the States of the World that of Ancient and Modern History and of all the Interests of the Princes and Potentates of Christendom in his Ordinary and Extraordinary Embassies at Rome in England Spain at Aix la Chappel and in quality of Embassadour and Plenipotentiary at Nimigen for the general Peace of Europe and at Bavaria for the Marriage of Monseigneur le Dauphin with the Electoral Princess and in other important Negotiations Holland shewed him the joy they received after the Peace concluded to see him in their Country and he manifested his by his profuse liberality of his Gold and Silver to the People in some Towns This Minister having seen so many Countries and Nations and all Courts it may be said of him what Homer said of Vlysses in the beginning of his Odysses according to the translation from the Greek into Latine Multorum autem hominum vidit urbes mores novit Champagne and Brie Provence Britany Berry Limosin Angoumois Xaintonge Bearn Bigorre the three Bishopricks of Metz Toul and Verdun the Principality of Sedan and the Forreign Countries which are also in his division have all a veneration for his Conduct and Generosity He succeeded to Messire Simon Arnaud Chevalier Lord of Pomponne in his Charge of Secretary and Minister of State which he demised in the Month of December An. 1679. The Councels THe Councels are composed of the Chancellour Keeper of the Seals of France of the Marshal Duke de Villeroy Chief of the Royal Council for the Kings
Grand-child of Messire Michel le Tellier Chancellour of France Anjou has for Governour Count d' Armagnac the Kings Master of the Horse Touraine the Marquess de Dangeau Le Maine Laval and le Perche the Marquess de Fervaques Poitou the upper and lower the Duke of Vieville Xaintonge and Angoumois the Duke de Crussol The Country of Aunis and Broüage the Duke de Navailles Nivernois the Duke of Nevers The Country of Foix the Marquess de Mirepoix Navarre and Bearn Duke Anthony Charles de Grammont Soveraign of Bidache his Father Duke and Earl Marshal of France Knight of the Kings Orders died at Bayonne the 83 year of his age the 12th of July 1678. Conquer'd Countries THe upper and lower Alsatia have for Governours the Duke de Mazarin Duke of Mielleraye and Mayenne Peer of France and particular Governour of the Towns Citadels and Castles of Brisac la Fere Vitre Vincennes Port-Loüis and other places Lorrain the Marshal de Crequy The Town and Citadel of Metz and Vic the Marshal Duke de la Ferte-Seneterre Toul the Count de Pas de Feuquieres The Duke de Noailles Peer of France Captain of the first Company of the Life-guard is Governour of Roussillon and Lieutenant-General in upper Auvergne The Duke and Marshal de Duras Knight of the Order of the Holy Ghost has the Government of Franche Comté Marshal d' Humieres is Governour and Lieutenant-General of Flanders and particular Governour of Lille Count de Monthron Governour of Arras and Lieutenant-General in the Country of Artois These Provinces have Lieutenant-Generals some more some fewer The particular Governours of Towns Citadels and other places are in a very great number The Fertility of France ITs Provinces are worth Kingdoms it 's in France where we see the level Fields fertile in all sorts of Grain the Hills cover'd with Vines pleasant Meadows beautiful Forrests fair Olive-trees and Orange-trees and all sorts of Fruits It may be said that this is the Land whereof the Scripture speaks which flows with Milk and Honey which includes within it all that is necessary for life without having recourse to strangers who stand in need of its Corn and famous Wines Salt and Iron are there common Mines of Gold and Silver might be discover'd there if men would go to the charge If Egypt glories in its Fertility and Fruits Italy in its beautiful Gardens England in its fair Parks Poland in its vast Meadows France possesses all these advantages in an eminent degree Its Sea-coasts have secure Harbours and Ports full of all sorts of Merchandise and its Rivers are navigable If it does not bring forth Cloves Nutmegs and Cinnamon as the Molucca Islands Ginger and Pepper as Calecut Perfumes as Arabia Diamonds as the Isle of Ceilan Emeralds as China Rubies as Peru Topases and Pearls as India it has men able to conquer all this and do not fail to do it An Historiographer of Brandenburg relates in his Researches that on consideration of the power of this Monarch an Emperour of the West call'd Maximilian said once by way of discourse that if it were possible and just to wish it he would that he had three Children whereof the eldest should be God the second King of France and the third Emperour The Channel of Languedoc THere has been made of late years in this Province a great Channel for the communication of the Mediterranean Sea with the Ocean by joyning the River Aude which enters into the Mediterranean Sea to the River Garone which discharges it self into the Ocean by the means of many Rivers whose waters are kept with Sluces in this great Channel capable of conveying Barks for transporting Merchandise and other things from the Town of Narbonne to that of Tolose and thence to Bourdeaux The designe of this great Work was projected by Henry the Fourth examin'd and approv'd by Loüis the 13th and put in execution by Loüis the Fourteenth to whom we must give the glory This incomparable Monarch for this effect made use of the conduct of Sieur Paul de Riquet Native of Beziers and Baron of Bonerepos This Channel is about thirty five leagues in length from Cape Sette which is four leagues from Montpellier to Tâ—â—se The Rigole which contains the Waters of the Mountain Moire to the point where the Waters part called Naurouse contains five leagues The place where the Waters part or the Reserver is as large as the Place Royal at Paris The Waters are kept by two strong and thick Walls in which are great Cocks that are open'd with wickets to give a passage to the great Cestern made of an octangular figure Pursuant to this Enterprize there are made ten Bridges thirty five Mills and a hundred and fourteen Sluces The new Port made under Cape Sette is scituate in the Diocess of Agde two Moles will incompass it which issue from the firm Land viz. the Isthmus which separates the Pond Tau from the Mediterranean Sea Though the performance of this Master-piece has seem'd impossible to many persons it will be perfected in much less time than the new Discovery of the North-East-passage to China and Japan by the Hollanders who have been about it above eight hundred years This passage is betwixt Spïstzberg and Nova Zembla Julius Caesar Caligula and Nero undertook to cut the Isthmus of Corinth and to make navigable Morea or Peloponnesus by the communication of the Ægaean and Ionian Seas Their Enterprize came to nothing To facilitate the Commerce of the Ocean Mediterranean and Caspian Seas it was formerly propos'd at the Court of the Great Duke of Muscovy to joyn these great Rivers together the Volge the Duinus and the Dom for the communication of the chief Seas of our Continent This designe also fail'd of success but this here will not prove abortive and though nine or ten years have been employ'd already to do what is done we must make use of the Proverb Sat citò si sat benè Things are soon enough done that are well done The Mother of Hercules was a whole night in bringing him forth They go of late conveniently from Castelnaudary so far as Tolose which are two Towns distant from each other ten leagues of Province which equal twenty of the Isle of France When we go by land at Bastide we begin to find the great Channel of the communication of the two Seas This Work has not been carried on without interruption This joyning of the two Seas will serve moreover for the conveniency of conveying the Merchandise of the Levant and of all the Mediterranean into the Ocean not to run a risk with them by the Strait nor expose them to the pyracies of those of Algiers and other Towns of Barbary The Sieur de Riquet who drew the designe of the Channel for the two Seas and who has always had the direction of it died the first of October 1680. in his house of Frescati at Tolose He has rendred himself famous by his Enterprize which no
Plenipotentiaries for the Emperour Signor Bevilaqua the Popes Nuncio has the reputation of having much contributed to this Peace The Treaty of Peace betwixt the Emperour and the King of Sweden was sign'd the same day by the Plenipotentiaries of the Emperour and by Count Oxenstern and Sieur Oliwenkans Embassadours Plenipotentiaries of Sweden The 19th of April the Ratification of the Emperour was exchang'd with that of the most Christian King The 26th this Peace was publisht at Paris with the ordinary Ceremonies The 29th of June the Sieur Pomponne Minister and Secretary of State and the Sieur Minders Envoy Extraordinary of the Elector of Brandenburg sign'd the Treaty of Peace betwixt his most Christian Majesty and the Elector of Brandenburg Some time after the Peace was likewise sign'd betwixt France Sweden Denmark and the Duke of Holstein Gottorp The Marriage of the Princess Mary-Loüise of Orleans with the King of Spain ANno 1679. the second of July after the suit which the Marquess de los Balbazez made of Mademoiselle in the name for the King of Spain the Chancellor of France the Marshal Duke de Villeroy the Sieurs Colbert and de Pomponne Ministers and Secretaries of State were nominated by the King for drawing the Articles of the Contract of Marriage which was sign'd the ninth by the Commissaries nominated and the Marquess de los Balbazez Embassadour Extraordinary of Spain The 26th of August the Contract of Marriage of the King of Spain was sign'd in the King of France's Closet by all the Royal House and by the Marquess de los Balbazez and afterward the Affiances were made by Cardinal Boüillon great Almoner of France The Ceremony of the Marriage was perform'd in the Chappel of the House of Fontainebleau The 20th of September the Queen of Spain parted from Fontainebleau for Spain she went into a Coach with the King the Queen M. le Dauphin Monsieur and Madame they went together two leagues on the way and parted from each other after having bid an Adieu very tenderly Her Catholick Majesty accompanied with Monsieur and Madam went on her way the Marquess and Marchioness de los Balbazez went the Journey with her The 30th of December of the year before-mentioned 1679. was sign'd at Munic the Contract of Marriage of M. le Dauphin with the Electoral Princess of Bavaria Mary An-Christian Victoir A Continuation of Affairs of this time THe King re-establisht by an Edict of 1679. the study of the Civil Law which had not been taught since the Ordinance of Blois of the year 1579. Messieurs Boucherat and de Bezons Counsellors of State who were nominated Commissioners for determining the difficulties which might hinder the execution of the Edict were present at the Harang which the Sieur Deloy Professor made the 17th of December in the Schools of Law to thank his Majesty for the favour granted Some time after the King to render more flourishing the study of the Civil Law of Paris made a Society of twelve Doctors who took the Oath tendred them by the same two Counsellors of State nominated Commissaries for this effect the Sieurs Boccager and le Gendre are of the number of the associated Doctors for their particular merit His most Christian Majesty appointed 200000 Livres to be distributed in the Diocesses of Narbonne Beziers Agde and S. Pons by reason of the Damages that they had suffered by the drought of the same year An. 1680. on the 15th of January the Contract of Marriage of Loüis Armand de Bourbon Prince of Conti with Mademoiselle de Blois Ann Mary de Bourbon was sign'd in the Kings Chamber the next day after Cardinal Boüillon perform'd the Ceremony of Marriage in the Chappel of the House of S. Germain in Laye The King nominated Abbot Hervaux to the Office of Auditor of the Rota possess'd before by Messire Charles de Bourlemont LORAIN LOrain Lotharingia took its name from Lotharius Grandchild of the Emperour Charlemagne The Ducal and Soveraign House of Lorain contains many Escotcheons over all a Bend Gules charg'd with three Alerions Argent in memory of Godefroy de Boüillon who at one sole shoot of an Arrow broacht three little Birds on it Its Princes bear also in their Arms the Cross of Hierusalem by reason of their pretences to the two Sicilies whereof the Kings were also Kings of Hierusalem Lorain has for capital City Nancy two Duchies that of Lorain and that of Bar. They count there three Bailiwicks or Seats of Judicature to wit that of Nancy that of Germany Lorain and that of Vauge These Bailiwicks comprize a great many Lands and Lordships as the County of Vaudemont the Marquisat Nomeni the Marquisat Hatonchatel the Lordships of Epinal on the Moselle Marsal Blamont Salverdin Boulai c. Charles the Fourth Duke of Lorain Uncle of Charles the Fifth Son of Francis Count of Vaudemont was depriv'd of his Estates for some years and restor'd to them upon the general Peace by special Articles the 3d of March 1661. The King of France and the King of Spain have been Masters the one of the Estates of this Prince and the other of his Person Henry the Second King of France conquer'd Metz Toul and Verdun these three Towns were straitly united to the Crown of France by the Treaty of Munster and by that of the Pyreneans Loüis the Thirteenth conquer'd the Town Bar le Duc and all the Country of Barrois and also the strong places Moyenvic Stenai Dun Jametz and the County of Clermont which ought to continue incorporated to France according to the Treaty of Peace made in the Isle of Faisans 1659. Loüis the Fourteenth on consideration of this Peace restor'd Prince Charles to the possession of the Dutchy of Lorain after having caus'd his Fortifications of Nancy to be demolish'd on condition that the Duke should leave off all Leagues Intelligences Associations and Practices with any Prince whatsoever which having not perform'd his Majesty dispossess'd him Since this Treaty of Peace Duke Charles has yielded up to the most Christian King the Property and Soveraignty of his Duchy of Lorain and Bar. The most learned Genealogists draw the Origine of the House of Lorain from above 2000 years It descends from Echinoal Maire of the Palace under Clovis the Second King of France 648. It 's the same Family with that of Austria at present Its Princes repair not to the Diets of the Empire fearing lest they should not have that place allow'd them which they pretend to conformable to their Birth The Dutchy of Bar is a Fief holding of the Crown of France The chief Towns of Lorain are NAncy Mireout Luneville Spinal Remiremont Diuze Valdegrange Rosieres Neufchatel c. Those of the Dutchy of Bar BAr le Duc S. Mihiel Pont-Amousson Stenay Estein Vizelise Moyenvic Commerci Pont-Amousson has the title of University its principal Founder was Prince Charles the Third The Country Messin contains a great many Towns Burroughs Villages Hamlets Castles c. At Luneville near Rosieres
good this River loses it self and rises again It is metaphorically call'd Anas because of its entrance and coming forth of the Earth as a Duck does in water Its waters supply Bajados and other places Some Rivers in France lose themselves in like manner and appear again as the River Sumene at the foot of the Sevenes the Rize near Masdazille in the Country of Foix the Vouzeille in Poâ—ctou four leagues from Poictiers on the Wâ—â—-â—â—â— the Bandiat near Angouleme the Rile iâ— Normandy near Beaumont le Roy the River Drome 〈◊〉 Bayeux the Venelle which passes at Selâ—ngay in Burgundy seven or eight leagues from Dijon on the North-side The Guadalguivir waters Corduba and Sevil The Douro Valladolid and Zamora The Seger descends from the Pyrrheneans into Catalonia passes at Vrgel and Lerida Cesar and Lucan speak of the River Cinga which is by the Pyrrheneans and which has retain'd its name even to this day The Archbishopricks TOledo Sevil Sarragossa Burgos Grenada Valencia Compostella and Taragonia Cardinal Porto Carero is Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain He succeeds Dom Pascal Cardinal of Aragon Archbishop of Toledo who died at Madrid the 28th of September 1677. After having given all he had to the Poor he gave his Nephew onely a Picture of Devotion Cardinal de Porto Carero gave An 1679. to Dom Francisco Canon of the Church of Toledo the Archdeaconship of Toledo which is worth forty thousand Duckets of Rent Toledo has eight Suffragans Sevil three Sarragossa six Burgos three Grenada two Valencia three Compostella fifteen Taragon seven Toledo has two hundred thousand Piasters yearly Sevil eighty Sarragossa fifty thousand Burgos thirty thousand Grenada thirty thousand Valencia thirty thousand Compostella twenty four thousand Taragon sixteen thousand The Bishoprick of Ciguenca brings fifty thousand Piasters and Cadiz twelve thousand The Archbishopricks and Bishopricks have a great Revenue in Spain If the number of Archbishopricks be there small it is very great in the Estates of Naples which are possess'd by his Catholick Majesty it is true that these here are very much limited in the extent of Country and in their Rents as in the rest of Italy exceâ—ting the Archbishoprick of Milan Naples and Messina They count in the Kingdom of Naples twenty Archbishopricks and a hundred twenty seven Bishopricks Pope Adrian the Fourth granted to the Kings of Spain in the person of Charles the Fifth of whom he had been Tutor the Right of Nomination to Bishopricks and other Consistorial Benefices they have the Nomination but of some in the Kingdom of Naples The same Pope Adrian a Spaniard gave the Conquest of the New World to the Kings of Spain wherein other Nations do not agree Atabalipa one of the Kings of Peru call'd the Incas being told that this Pope had given the King of Spain his Country said with a laughter Who is that man who gives that which belongs to another This Incas being taken Prisoner by the Spaniards offered for his liberty a Chamber full of Gold and pretious Stones which could not save his life Before he died he appeal'd to the Justice of the God of Christians Protector of the afflicted and innocent Pizarre has been blam'd every where for having caus'd him to be strangled he fear'd that if he let him live he would be taken by force from him Philip the Second boasted that he comprehended the course of the Sun within his Dominions by reason of America because the Sun shines there always when it is set in Europe A Grandee of Spain having said on a day to this Prince that a year before the Emperour Charles the Fifth had left to him his Crowns he replied that it was a year since also that he repented of it The said Philip died of the Lowsie Disease after having lost the Kingdom of Tunis and Holland Pope Clement the Seventh ended his life also by the same Disease caus'd through a great corruption Philip the Fourth fell much from his vast Dominion by the loss of Portugal with all its dependancies in the East and West and after the seizure of Jamaica by the English Spain was extreamly dispeopled by the Expulsion of the Moors and Jews it was farther emptied to stock the Indies and these Dominions being disperst in many places cannot easily be reliev'd Its Mountains are barren and its Women not very fertile The Spaniards are grave in their walk and discourse This makes me think of a pleasant passage related by a modern Author he says that a Buffoon with his ridiculous Gestures and Expressions having on a day made the Queen laugh extreamly at Table it was said to her that a Queen of Spain ought to be serious This Princess who was in her Orient newly come from Germany answer'd that they should then take away that Fellow from before her eyes if they would not have her laugh The Spanish Nation has the repute of making Rodomontadoes the following is not mean made by an Officer a Prisoner of War in France Loüis the Thirteenth having askt him wherefore the King of Spain went not to the Wars as the Kings of France he answered with an Exclamation Ho it is not necessary if the King my Master went to the Army he would make the whole Earth to tremble The Spaniards are fit for holding a long Siege because being sober they endure hunger and thirst a long time They fear much the English wherefore they have said La Guerra con toto il Mundo y la pace con las Inglesos War against the whole World and Peace with the English because they are better Souldiers than them on the Sea All men are not fit for the Sea There grows not much Corn in Spain because the Lands are ill cultivated France and Sicily are its its Granaries and of the Low Countries Its Mines of Andalusia Estramadura Grenada Murcia and of some other places are very famous They embark at Malaga the Wine of Grenada which is brought to Paris at Alicant that of Murcia and at Cadiz that of Andalusia The white-Wine is there better than the Claret Arragon and Castille produce not much Wine that of Portugal is almost of a Crimson colour Their Oyls of Olives their Woolls their Silks their Horses and their Mines are very considerable The Castilian Language is the finest of all Spain Charles the Fifth said that if he were to speak to God he would speak in the Spanish Tongue by reason of its Gravity to Men in French to Ladies in Italian to Horses in the German Some Castilians have dar'd to say either through a gaâ—â—â—â— of Spirit or as a Rodomontado that God spake Castilian to Moyses on Mount Sinai They speak grossly in Galicia Agrippa describing the Humour of four chief Nations of Christendom says among other things that in their singing The Spaniards Groan The Italians Bleat The Germans howl The French Quaver The 27th of Decem. 1676. the King of Spain writ a Letter to Don Juan by which his Catholick
A NEW SURVEY OF THE Present State OF EUROPE Containing REMARKS Upon several Soveraign and Republican STATES With MEMOIRES Historical Chronological Topographical Hydrographical Political c. By Gidion Pontier c. Done into ENGLISH by J. B. Doctor of Physick LONDON Printed for W. Crooke at the Green Dragon without Temple-bar nigh Devereux-Court 1684. TO THE Candid Reader THis Treatise exposeth to your view the most eminent Things and Transactions of this World concerning Ecclesiastical States Monarchies Republicks the varieties of Sects and Religions the Origine of Arts and Sciences several unparallel'd Accidents variety of Recherches in Antiquity and Memoires containing the Combats Battels Sieges surprizal or taking of Towns and the most signaliz'd and memorable Actions that have happened in this Modern Age. If any curious Reader shall oppose the Digressions of this Tract I must desire him to consider that they are both useful and necessary and so far from exposing him to Fatigue and Trouble that they will prove a grand Satisfaction and Diversion I must confess I have in this Composition discovered several gross Errours in some Authors whom I have forborn to recite because I scorn to shame them but if any Criticks desire a more regugular Method than herein is chalked out which is a thing of more than ordinary difficulty in a Business of this nature and in so great variety of Matter I desire them to take into their consideration that this Natural way of Writing will be by all Persons of Ingenuity preferr'd before any Scholastick Dissertation or Disputation whatsoever I have no more to say but this You will herein find Variety the Comfort and Satisfaction of Mankind that Gravity which will please the Serious that Diversion which will gratifie the Curious that Variety which can displease none but such as are void and destitute both of Sense and Reason And therefore I shall detain you no longer from the perusal of this Treatise onely give me leave to acquaint you that there is herein contain'd nothing but what is grounded upon Truth and gathered from the most Authentick Writers and present State of this Modern Age. Yours Gidion Pontier A TABLE OF THE Contents of this Book Of ITALY THe Papacy pag. 1 The Etymology of the Name Cardinal his Institution and his Habits pag. 10 The Continuation of the Actions of Pope Innocent the Eleventh pag. 13 The Singularities and curious remarkable Actions of some Popes pag. 15 Observations on the reducement of Jubiles under what Popes and in what times pag. 22 The opening of the Jubile pag. 25 The splendid Ceremonies and the Honour of Rome pag. 29 St. Austin's three Desires ibid. The Dominion of the Pope pag. 30 Places of Pleasure ibid. Ornaments of Rome pag. 32 The chief Towns of Italy with their Epithets and Elogies pag. 33 The chief Rivers of Italy pag. 35 Popes by birth French-men and Passages of their Lives pag. 36 The future Popes how conformable to the Prophecies pag. 54 The chief Princes of Italy after the Popes are five First the Duke of Savoy pag. 55 Secondly the Great Duke of Tuscany pag. 62 Thirdly the Duke of Mantua pag. 67 Fourthly the Duke of Modena pag. 69 Fifthly the Bishop of Trent pag. 71 The Figure of Italy and its length ibid. An Itinerary pag. 72 Of FRANCE pag. 75 THe Dolphin of France and his Marriage pag. 79 The Duke of Orleans pag. 81 The Prince of Condé and the Duke d'Enguien pag. 83 Prince Henry de la Tour d'Auvergne Vicount de Turenne pag. 84 The ancient Marshals of France living An. 1680. pag. 86 The Ministers and Secretaries of State ibid. The Chancellor pag. 87 M. de la Villiere pag. 89 M. de Louvois pag. 90 M. Colbert pag. 91 M. Colbert Croissi pag. 93 The Councils pag. 94 France the Mountain of the Muses pag. 97 King of France his places of Residence pag. 98 The Louvre ibid. The Tuilleries pag. 100 Fontainbleau ibid. Versailles pag. 101 Paris pag. 103 Colledge Mazarin its Institution Library and Academy pag. 109 The House of President Perrot pag. 112 Houses of Pleasure about Paris pag. 116 Houses and Places of Devotion near Paris pag. 118 The Treasury of St. Dennis pag. 120 The Tombs of the Kings of France pag. 124 Other famous places of Devotion and Pilgrimages greatly frequented in the Kingdom pag. 125 The twelve ancient general Governments of the Provinces called together at Paris under Loüis the Thirteenth according to their rank and place in the States General pag. 129 The Governours of the Provinces pag. 130 Conquered Countries pag. 133 The Fertility of France pag. 134 The Channel of Languedoc pag. 135 The chief Towns of France pag. 138 The most considerable Maritime Towns ibid. The great Rivers pag. 142 The Epithites of the great Rivers pag. 144 The principal small Rivers pag. 145 Pont du Gard pag. 150 A Catalogue of the Archbish and Bishops of France containing the number and name of the first and last Bishop of each Diocess to An. 1680. pag. 153 The Archbishoprick of Rheims ibid. The Archbishoprick of Narbonne pag. 156 The Archbishoprick of Bourges pag. 159 The Archbishoprick of Vienne pag. 160 The Archbishoprick of Tolose pag. 162 The Archbishoprick of Roüen pag. 163 The Archbishoprick of Sens pag. 164 The Bishops of Bethlem pag. 165 The Archbishoprick of Lyons pag. 167 The Archbishoprick of Bourdeaux pag. 169 The Archbishoprick of Arles pag. 170 The Archbishoprick of Ambrun pag. 172 The Archbishoprick of Tours pag. 174 The Archbishoprick of Aix pag. 176 The Archbishoprick of Paris pag. 177 The Archbishoprick of Albi pag. 179 The Archbishoprick of Cambray pag. 181 The Archbishoprick of Bezancon pag. 183 The Rank and Seats of the Prelates pag. 184 Agents General of the Clergie of France pag. 185 The ordinary List of the Parliaments of France and the time of their erection pag. 187 The Countries of State pag. 193 Remarkable things of these times happening from the year 1672 to the beginning of 1680. pag. 193 Of the Peace betwixt France Holland Spain the Emperour the Elector of Brandenburg and Denmark pag. 203 The Marriage of the Princess Mary Loüise of Orleans with the King of Spain pag. 205 A Continuation of Affairs to this time pag. 206 Of LORAIN pag. 208 THe chief Towns in Lorain pag. 210 Those of the Dutchy of Bar ibid. Mausoleums of the Dukes of Lorain ibid. The Marriage of Prince Charles of Lorain pag. 213 Of GERMANY pag. 214 OF the City of Vienna pag. 215 221 The chief Houses of Pleasure in the Country pag. 215 The Coronation of the Emperour with the signification of the three Crowns pag. 216 The Golden Bull pag. 217 Prerogatives of the Emperour pag. 219 Fourteen Emperours of the House of Austria ibid. The chief Towns of Germany pag. 220 The Cities of Prague and Presburg pag. 222 Of Aix-la-Chappelle and Presburg pag. 223 Of Erfort Munic and Strasburg pag. 224 The Tower Clock Bridge and famous Trees of Strasburg pag. 225 The
Beziers and Nostre-Dame de Gignac in the same Diocess Nostre-Dame de Liviniere in the Diocess of S. Pons of Tomiers Nostre-Dame de Lorme and Nostre-Dame d' Alen in the Diocess of Montauban Nostre-Dame de Ladreiche a league from Alby The Hermitage of Nostre-Dame de Moinier in the Territory of Pompignan on the top of a high Mountain in the Diocess of Nismes St. Sernin at Tolose where are the entire Relicks of many of the Apostles Nostre-Dame d' Alet and Nostre-Dame de Roqueville three leagues off Nostre-Dame de Garaizon in the Diocess of Ausche Nostre-Dame de Verdelez at Cadiliac near Bourdeaux Nostre-Dame de Nazareth in Britany three leagues from Dinan and Nostre-Dame de bonnes Nouvelles at Rennes Nostre-Dame d' Ardilliers in the Diocess of Anger 's in Anjou Nostre-Dame de Mibonnet a league from Moulins in the Diocess of Authun in Bourbonnois Nostre-Dame de Clery near Orleans on the Loire Nostre-Dame du Puy Nostre-Dame de Fridieire and Nostre-Dame de Pitie in Auvergne This is without the Town of Chaude-Agues on a sharp Rock Abbot Cholmerl is the Founder Nostre-Dame de Banelle and Nostre-Dame de Sabar are in the County of Foix in the Diocess of Comminges Nostre Dame de Quezac in Givodan near St. Maur the Abbey of St. Bennet in the Diocess of Mande Nostre-Dame de Roquemadou and Nostre-Dame de Liaurou in Quercy in the Diocess of Cahors Nostre-Dame de Cignac in the Diocess of Rhodes The House of Arpajou has given it great Marks of its Devotion Nostre-Dame d Orient in the Diocess of Vabres These two places of Devotion are in Roüergne Nostre-Dame du Calvaire of Betharan in Bearn in the Diocess of Lascar Messire Pierre de Marca has said wonderful things of it in a Book entituled Traité des Merveilles Operées en la Chappelle Nostre-Dame du Calvaire en Betharan It was printed An. 1646. and An. 1648. the word Betharan signifies according to the Language of the Country a fine Branch and according to the Hebrew Tongue the House of the Soveraign and of the most High or the House of Greatness and Eminency In the Territory of the Tribe of Gad there was a Valley of this name which appears by the Book of Joshua The Mountain Betharan has the figure of that of the true Calvary of Jerusalem Many Miracles have been there wrought If Miracles were wrought in the Temples of the Protestants as in these holy places they would make them serve as Seals to their Doctrine and would make them sound forth with a high voice that the Saviour of the World gives the power to them as a most powerful and pressing means to cause the truth of their Faith to be embrac'd and because they have no Miracles they laugh at them To which I oppose that the Jews and Pagans rejected those of Jesus Christ and of the Apostles and with St. Austin that Miracles have been the motives of innumerable conversions to Christianity that Miracles are the Chains that hold us in the Catholick Church Our strayed Brethren chuse rather to suffer themselves to be bound by their own Imagination and by the consequences they draw from the Scripture according to their private spirits and without having either of our most dear Chains neither the antiquity nor the number nor the succession of Chairs nor the Miracles c. which have continued in the Roman Church from Age to Age since the time of the Apostles Let us return to our subject The Church of Nostre-Dame of Ardilliers which is one of the chief suburbs of the Town of Saumur is serv'd by the Oratorian Fathers Saint Maximin and Saint Baume by the Dominicans as also Nostre-Dame de Bonnes Nouvelles at Rennes Nostre-Dame de Rochefort by the Religious Benedictines Saint Reine by the Cordeliers Nostre-Dame d'Orient by the Capucins Nostre-Dame de Consolation de Bezieres by the Religious of St. Francis of Paul vulgarly called les Bons hommes The others by Canons and Secular Priests The twelve ancient General Governments of the Provinces were called together at Paris under Loüis the Thirteenth according to their rank and place in the States General 1614. THe Isle of France Burgundy Normandy Guienne Britany Champagne Languedoc Picardy Daulphine Provence Lyonnois and Orleanois Of these twelve great Governments many others are made Lyonnois comprehended formerly higher and lower Auvergne and also la Marche the higher and lower Bourbonnois Beaujolois and the Country of Forrests Orleanois contain'd Poitou Aniou Touraine Loudunois the Town and Government of Rochelle Angoumois le Maine Berry Pais Chartrain le Perche Nivernois and Vandosinois Xaintonge was of the Government of Guienne The Governours of the Provinces An. 1679. are these THe Town Provostship and Vicounty of Paris has for Governour the Duke of Crequy Peer of France Commander of the Kings Orders and first Gentleman of the Chamber to his Majesty He was made choice of by the King to go to Bavaria to carry the Marriage-Presents to Madam the Dolphiness Anno 1680. The Duke d' Estrées Peer of France is Governour of the Isle of France Soissonnois Laonnois Beauvoisis c. The Prince of Condé Lord Steward of the Kings Houshold has the government of Burgundy and of la Bresse the Duke d'Enguien has the survivourship of his Father The Duke de Montauzier Peer of France and Commander of the Kings Orders has Normandy he was Governour of Monseigneur the Dolphin The Duke de Roquelaure Guienne The Duke de Chaune Britany Marshal Duke de Vivonne of Montmart Champagne and Brie The Duke of Verneuil Languedoc he succeeds Arnand de Bourbon Prince of Conti whose Piety is crown'd in the Coelestial Court he died at Pezenas An. 1666. the 21 day of February and his body was carried into the house of the Carthusians of Villeneufe in Avignon This Prince compos'd two Books one is entituled Devoirs des Grands and the other Memoires du Prince de Conti the former contains very excellent Instructions The Duke d' Elbeuf is Governour of Picardy The Duke les Diguieres of Dauphiné The Duke de Vandôme of Provence Marshal de Grignan is sole Lieutenant-General of this Province he has also been Lieutenant-General of Languedoc The Duke de Villeroy Son of the Marshal of this name is Governour of Lyonnois Forests and Beaujolois The Marquess d' Alluye of Orleannois Blesois Dunois and the Country of Sologne Chartrain and Vandômois Auvergne has for Governour the Duke de Boüillon high Chamberlain Higher and lower la Marche the Marquess de S. Germain Beâ—upré Limosin the Count d' Auvergne Bourbonnois the Marquess de la Valiere Berry the Prince of Marsillac Francois de la Rochefoucaud Duke of Rocheguion Groom of the Stole and Chief Master of the Game of France Son of the Prince of Marsillac and Grandchild of the Duke of Rochefoucaut married An. 1679. in the Church of S. Roch of Paris Madeleine la Tellier Daughter of the Marquess de Lionnois Minister and Secretary of State and
entituled Speculum nostrae Salutis printed at Haërlem and at Mayence is very ancient as also the Catholicum Januense it 's a Latin Dictionary call'd Prosodia It was compos'd by a Religious man of the Order of St. Dominick and printed at Mayence An. 1460. That of the Dominicans de la rue S. Honore is of the year 1629. The first Bible was printed at Mayence by John Faustus and Peter Schoeffer his Son-in-Law An. 1462. and the year following S. Austin de Civitate Dei in the same Town Martin and Michel Vlriques were the first who exercis'd in Paris the Art of Printing An. 1470. The Latin Bible was printed at Paris Anno 1512. Those of Robert Stevens came forth at Paris An. 1528 and 1532. The first Huguenot Bible was translated from Hebrew into French by Peter Olivetan vulgarly Oliveteau and printed at Neuchastel in Switzerland An. 1535. by Pirot Picard The Bible of Vatablus was printed by the same Robert Stevens An. 1557. in three Volumes in Folio The Sieur Joli above-mentioned says in his Book entituled Voyage fait à Munster autres lieux voisins An. 1646 and 1647. a remarkable thing which is that to adjust the difference betwixt Haërlem and Mayence concerning the Invention of Printing it may be concluded from a Book of Bertius that Coster at Haërlem lighted on the Invention of Printing after the manner of the Chineses and that Guttemberg and Faustus invented afterward at Mayence the moveable and changeable Characters for composing syllables and words because Scriverius shew'd Bertius this Speculum Salutis whereof each Page was made on a Frame or Table engrav'd or cut as it were and not with separated Characters composing apart the syllables words and lines The Parthians wrought their Letters on Linnen-cloath after the manner of Embrodery The Invention of Powder and Cannon is more ancient it was invented An. 1354. We shall speak of it elsewhere The Archbishop and Elector of Treves JOhn Hugo de Dorsbec Archbishop of Treves and Bishop of Spire Prince and Elector of the Empire Governour of Prumb and President of Weisembourg Catholick He stiles himself Grand Chancellor of the Gaules and of the Kingdom of Arles He resides at Wilich He succeeds Charles Gasper Van Derleyen Coblens and Hermenstein are very strong places by reason of their scituation on the joyning of the Rhine and the Moselle they belong to his Electoral Highness It is said that the Revenue of this Archbishoprick may go yearly at eleven or twelve hundred thousand Livres The Archbishoprick comprehends twenty four Bailiwicks The Chapter is compos'd of sixteen Capitulary Canons none but Gentlemen are receiv'd Princes and Earls are receiv'd with difficulty This Elector and that of Cologne take their Seats alternatively when the Emperour is not present this alternation is made from week to week successively The three Ecclesiastical Electors are no longer deem'd Chancellors onely titular to the Kingdoms of France Arles Austrasia and Italy The 30th of August 1670. Christopher de la Fosse a Fleming of the Town of Mons having stil'd the Elector of Treves amongst his Titles Archchancellor of France and the Kingdom of Arles in a Thesis which he was to defend at Paris for his Doctorship he was hindred from defending the said Thesis Another good Writer has observ'd that when this Elector is call'd Grand Chancellor of the Gauls this is understood of the Country which the Roman Emperours possessed within the bounds of the ancient Gaul on this side the Rhine which was call'd formerly the Kingdom of Arles Treves call'd in Latin Augusta Trevirorum was built as Æneas Sylvius relates in the time of the Patriarck Abraham 2000 years before the Incarnation by Trebeta Son of Ninus King of the Assyrians who being driven from the Kingdom by his Step-mother Semiramis came and built this Town on the Moselle Alstedius says its founder was Trevir Son of Man King of Germany This place has been a Theatre of War having been taken and retaken in our time It has had 101 Bishops and Archbishops from S. Eucher to John Hugo de Dorsbec Popo was its first Archbishop The blessed Rhenanus assures us L. 3. de rebus Germanicis that the Church of Mayence and that of Cologne were formerly under that of Treves It s Vniversity is the most ancient of Germany The Archbishop and Elector of Cologne MAximilian Henry of Bavaria Archbishop of Cologne Bishop and Prince of Liege and Bishop also of Hildesheim Prince and Elector of the Empire Grand Chancellor of Italy and Legate ex officio of the Apostolick See has many other Titles Catholick His Arms are those of the House of Bavaria hereafter mention'd This Prince came into the World An. 1622. the 8th of October he succeeds his Uncle by the Father side Ferdinand of Bavaria of whom he was made Coadjutor An. 1643. and consecrated Archbishop by Fabius Chigi Nuncio to Pope Innocent the Tenth for the Peace of Munster who has since been Pope under the name of Alexander the Seventh The Archbishoprick has in its Arms a Cross Sable in a Field Argent Bona on the Rhine is the ordinary place of Residence of the Archbishop his Revenue from the Archbishoprick arises to six or seven hundred thousand Crowns The Chapter of the Cathedral Church is compos'd of twenty four Canons who are all Princes or at least Earls bare Gentlemen are not admitted there The day that the Archbishop takes possession of the Archbishoprick the Town though it be Imperial does him Homage in these terms We free Citizens of Cologne promise this day for this day and the days to come to N. our Archbishop of Cologne to be faithful and friendly to him as long as he shall preserve us according in our Rights Honour and ancient Priviledges we our Wives our Children and our Town of Cologne So help us God and his Saints The Archbishop obliges himself reciprocally in these terms We by the grace of God Archbishop of the holy Church of Cologne Elector and Archcancellor of the Empire in Italy to the end that there may be an amicable Consideration an entire Confidence and a sincere and inviolable Peace betwixt us and our dear Citizens and Town of Cologne do declare by these present Letters that we have promis'd and assur'd and do promise and assure in good Faith and without Fraud that we confirm all the Rights and Franchises written or not written old or new within and without the Town of Cologne which have been granted it by Popes Emperours Kings or the Archbishops of Cologne which we will never countervene In testimony of which we have set the Seal of our Arms to these Presents the c. The Archbishop was oblig'd to come every year to Cologne on Twelf-day and the Town gave him four hundred Florins of Gold with a hundred measures of Oats which he lost if he came not There has been a composition since for this Rent by a new agreement When he comes there he cannot stay there
of Plenipotentiary in a place which ought to be a Sanctuary oblig'd his most Christian Majesty considering the Laws of Nations violated to recal his Nimegen was since made choice on for renewing the Conferences of the general Peace The Duke de Vitry the Sieur Colbert Marquess of Croissi and the Sieur de Mesmes Count of Avaux were appointed Plenipotentiaries of France Anno 1675. Marshal d' Estrade succeeded the Duke de Vitry The 11th of August 1677. the Bishop and Prince of Gurc chief of the Embassie of Germany for the Conferences of the Peace arrived at Nimegen accompanied with Count Kinski and with Sieur Straman his Colleagues who went before him All the other Plenipotentiaries repair'd thither The Estates of the Vnited Provinces of the Low Countries appointed for their Plenipotentiaries the Sieur Hieromy Beverning Lord of Teylingen Curator of the University of Leiden the Sieur William of Nassau Lord of Odik Cortegene c. and the Sieur William Haren Grietman du Bildt The Treaties of Peace and of Commerce Navigation and Maritime affairs betwixt France and the States General of the Vnited Provinces of the Low Countries were concluded at Nimegen the 10th of August 1678. In the same year the Treaty of Peace betwixt France and Spain was sign'd and the year following 1679. that of France and of the Emperour whereof we have spoken elsewhere The Elector and King of Bohemia THe King of Bohemia one of the seven Electors formerly the Emperours great Cup-bearer is at present the Emperour himself Cath. His Arms are a Lion Argent arm'd and crown'd Or with a double tail noüed and pass'd in Saltier in a Field Gules Prague is the capital City its Dukes the Kings and Emperours have kept there a long time their Court it is divided into three the Small the Ancient and the New Praga ad Moldaviam fluvium the Molde waters it Its Inhabitants were govern'd by Dukes till Vratislaus was created the first King who was followed by many others till the Royal Line being extinct the House of Austria put themselves in possession of this Kingdom which has been made hereditary in the House of Austria by the Treaty of Peace of Munster The Ancients called Bohemia Bojemia or Bojohemia that is to say in the German Tongue the House or Residency of the Boyes a People of the Gauls who retir'd thither Some have said that this Elector was the last before that he was King His Chair at the Elections is of Sattin pursled with Gold and that of his Colleagues of Crimson Velvet onely Some would seem to say that he has onely a casting Voice and Suffrage when the other Electors do not accord for the Election of the Emperour but it is certain that he is effectively an Elector as the others and that his Royal quality gives him the first Seat amongst the Lay Electors Bohemia with the Provinces of Moravia and Silesia may be worth yearly twelve or thirteen Millions to its Prince The Emperour Frederic surnamed Barberossa made it a Kingdom it is he who said to Pope Alexander the Third Non tibi sed Petro. The Bohemians in the Ceremonies of the Mass sing the Epistle and Gospel in their Tongue and communicate under both kinds it has been permitted them as a thing which does not alter the essence of Faith The Town of Egra otherwise Eger belongs to this Crown the Gazettes often mention it There are pretious Stones found in the Mountains of Pinch whence is come the Proverb that men throw sometimes a Stone at a Cow which is worth more than the Cow The Inhabitants of Bohemia are call'd Bohemians with an Aspiration and the vagabond Egyptian Fortunetellers Boemians they appear'd in Europe An. 1417. They came from Hungary and Valachia Frontiers of Turky The Clocks of Bohemia are alter the Italian fashion they tell the hours there from one Sun-setting to the next twenty four hours consecutively Olmus is the capital Town of Moravia and Breslau of Silesia The Emperour Leopold declar'd Count Staremberg Chancellor of the Empire and Counsellor of his Privy-Council the 24th of January 1678. The Elector of Bavaria MAximilian Marie Count Palatine of the Rhine Duke of Bavaria Prince and Elector of the Empire Great Steward of the Imperial House came into the World An. 1662. is Cath. His Arms are three Shields together the first Sable a Lyon crowned Or which belongs to the Palatinate the second is fusile in bend of 21 pieces Argent and Azure which belongs to Bavaria the third Gules an Imperial Globe Or which belongs to the Electorate Saltzburg has fâ—rmerly been the Capital of this Country at present it 's Munic a very strong place some call it in Latin Monachum others Monachium The Germans Munchen on the River Iser This Elector resides at Munic his Palace is one of the stateliest of Germany The great Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden having taken the Town and the Dukes Palace which he did not demolish by reason of its beauty possess'd himself of the Dukes sine Library where were rare Manuscripts which he caâ—ried into Sweden Queen Christian his Daughter gave liberally of them to some learned persons amongst others to the Sieur Vossius Canon of Windsor in England to the Sieur des Cartes and others The Castle of Schelesheim two leagues from Munic is a Country-house of Pleasure where his Electoral Highness goes ordinarily to take the diversion of Hunting His Buccâ—ntaurus passes amongst the curious for a Wonder of this Age. It is on the Lake of Staremberg which is a league over and six leagues in length It is held to be as beautiful and as large as that of Venice whereof I speak in its place This Elector raises eighteen or twenty thousand men and sometimes more his Revenue is considerable His Dukedom which is in upper Germany is divided into upper and lower Bavaria Munic Ingolstat and Freisingen are in the upper Freisingen has the title of Bishoprick and Ingolstat of University Ratisbone in the German Tongue Regensburg Passau Landshut Straubingen and many others are of the lower Bavaria The great Church of Munic is the Burial-place of its Dukes The Electorate the upper Palatinate and the County of Chamb were granted to the House of Bavaria and its Successors as long as the Male-line should hold accoâ—â—ing to the tenth Article of the Treaty of Munster In the last War between France and Germany the Elector Ferdinand Marie stood Neuter He dyed suddenly at Schelesheim at forty three years of Age. Pope Innocent the Eleventh celebrated Mass for the Soul of this deceased person and the Emperour caus'd the Funeral-Obsequies to be solemniz'd at Vienna in the Church of the discalceated Augustins The Empire has been divers times in the House of Bavaria Its Princes have married eight Daughters of Emperours and eleven Daughters of Kings and among the Daughters of this House six have married Emperours three have been married to Kings and two to Dolphins of France Three Electors are of the same
This place has been call'd since Compostella that is to say Campus stellae S. James the Lesser suffered also Martyrdom in Hierusalem whereof he was Bishop he was thrown headlong from the top of the Temple to the bottom and cudgell'd to death After S. James of Compostella Mount Sarra is another place of Piety and of Pilgrimage very much frequented It 's a Mountain in the middle of Catalonia on which there is an Abbey of the Order of S. Bennet and where thirteen Hermites have each their little Cell and little Garden The Angelical Chappel call'd otherwise our Lady of the Pillar is very famous at Saragossa Buterius says that S. James being in Prayer about this Town with his little Flock and being very uneasie that he could not convert in Spain above nine persons whereof there were eight Jews and one onely Spaniard the holy Virgin brought by Angels from Judaea into this Country appear'd to him near the River Eber on a Pillar of Marble some say of Jasper who comforting him foretold to him the Conversion of this People by the Ministry of his Disciples and that St. James rais'd her since this Chappel where this Pillar is seen and on it the Figure of the Virgin holding her Son in her arms This Church is esteem'd the most Ancient of Christendom amongst those that are dedicated to the holy Virgin The Division of the Spanish Monarchy ITs Kingdoms or to say better its Provinces were formerly to the number of fourteen by counting thus Castille Leon Arragon Catalonia Valencia Andalusia Grenada Murcia Galicia Portugal Algarve the Asturies Biscay Navarre Catalonia is a County and not a Kingdom when the King of Spain makes his first Entrance into Barcelona which is the capital City he enters there in quality of Earl wherefore when he is before the Gate which he finds shut after having knockt they ask from within the Town the name of him that will enter his Catholick Majesty answers twice The King of Spain and they do not open the Gates to him till he says it 's the Earl of Barcelona King of Spain who will come in At these words the Gates are incontinently open'd and they give his Majesty a Reception becoming him Portugal and Algarve have their King Biscay a Lordship Navarre belongs to France a part of Biscay is possess'd by the French and the other by the Spaniards Spain may have two hundred and sixty French leagues in length and two hundred in breadth without comprizing what it has in Italy in Flanders and in America and along the coasts of Barbary on the Mediterranean Sea The chief Towns are MAdrid Toledo Sevil Grenada Sarragossa Valencia Compostella Salamanca Barcelona Cadiz Madrid is increast since that the Kings of Spain have kept there their Court it has no Suburbs It has been said that this Town was wall'd round with Fire by reason of its ancient Walls built in many places with great Stones that strike fire It s Fountain is very famous after that of Palermo in Sicily and of Navona at Rome which are esteem'd the finest of Europe The Fountain Arethusa is celebrated in History it has been the ground of many Roman Fables Toledo is adorn'd with two fair Palaces with that which Charles the Fifth caus'd to be built there and with that of the Archbishop The Metropolitan Church has a Clock resembling that of Strasburg in Alsatia in its height and Architecture the Doors of this Church are of cast Copper the Streets of the Town are very narrow the Moors built the Walls Sevil is the Capital of Andalusia the Spaniards say thus Que no ha vista Sevilla no ha vista la Maravilla He that has not seen Sevil has not seen a Wonder The Duke of Medina Coeli has a fine Palace there It is held that this Town call'd Hispal or Hispalis gave the name of Spain to all the Kingdom Grenada is larger in compass than any Town of Spain the Moors built it The Streets are narrow and the Houses rang'd after such a manner that they resemble the kernel of a Pomegranat The Kingdom has a great number of Mountains Sarragossa is the Capital of the Kingdom of Arragon it has an Archbishoprick Parliament Inquisition and University Valencia call'd the Beautiful and the Great is the Capital of the Kingdom whose name it bears it is honoured with an Archbishoprick Parliament and University Compostella Capital of Galicia is famous for the Relicks of the Apostle St. James the Greater Brother of St. John the Evangelist The Spaniards call Compostella San Jago di Compostella Salamanca is recommendable for its largeness and University which is the most famous of all Spain It has a great House adorn'd with a Court where are the Schools and the Halls where the Acts are made and where Persons are admitted to Degrees Metaphysick is there in its Throne The Preachers there are very full of Gestures to express naturally their Thoughts and Motions they make use of all the parts of their Body of the Head Hands Feet and Eyes Though they said nothing a man might guess very near what they would say Francis Relux a Dominican Doctor of the Faculty of Divinity of Salamanca formerly Confessor of Charles the Second King of Spain and at present Bishop of Placenza has for Successor in his place of Confessor Father Bayono Professor of the University of Alcala Cordona capital City of the Dukedom whereof it bears the name has a Mountain of Salt Barcelona call'd by the Spaniards Barcino is an important place the French possess'd it under the Reign of Loüis the Thirteenth The Palace of the Duke of Cardona there is August there are seen there some Figures of the Earls of Barcelona This Town which is at present double has a Bishop a Parliament an University Inquisition and a Port where many Ships have often been cast away in the Road. Cadiz is famous by reason or the advantageous scituation of its Port it 's there where the Gallies arrive that come from Peru laden with Gold and Silver This Town is very strong and well peopled in those late Wars its Bishop coming from Italy was stopt at Montpellier and sent afterward from Thâ—lose into his Diocess in exchange for some Prisoner Rivers of ancient Spain TAgus the Ober the Guadian Guadalguivir the Douro and the Minhio the Guadalaiar the Seger the Liuga and others The Tagus famous for its Golden Sand passes at Toledo Villa Franchia and at Lisbon The Iber Iberus at Sarragossa and Tortoza this River gives the name of Iberia to all Spain The Latins call the Guadian Anas and the Guadalaiar Bertis the Douro Durius the Seger Sicoris The Spaniards boast of having a Bridge on which above ten thousand horn'd Beasts may feed together This proceeds from the River Anas which hiding it self for six leagues passes under a great Meadow-ground According to a Map made in Spain which the Sieurs Samsons Geographers in Ordinary to the King have shewn me and which they find