for_o several_a good_a use_n both_o of_o physic_n and_o otherwise_o wherein_o by_o experience_n they_o have_v learn_v it_o to_o be_v very_o available_a their_o manner_n of_o collect_v and_o keep_v it_o be_v this_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n especial_o and_o also_o in_o part_n of_o the_o month_n of_o june_n they_o will_v go_v forth_o betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o before_o sunrising_n into_o a_o green_a field_n and_o there_o either_o with_o their_o hand_n strike_v off_o the_o dew_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o herb_n into_o a_o dish_n or_o else_o throw_v clean_a linen_n clothes_n upon_o the_o ground_n take_v off_o the_o dew_n from_o the_o herb_n into_o they_o and_o afterward_o wring_v it_o out_o into_o dish_n and_o thus_o they_o continue_v their_o work_n until_o they_o have_v get_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o dew_n according_a to_o their_o intention_n that_o which_o be_v get_v from_o the_o grass_n will_v serve_v but_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o have_v it_o from_o the_o green_a corn_n especial_o wheat_n if_o they_o can_v have_v the_o conveniency_n to_o do_v so_o as_o be_v persuade_v that_o this_o dew_n have_v more_o virtue_n and_o be_v better_a for_o all_o purpose_n than_o that_o which_o have_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o grass_n or_o other_o herb_n the_o dew_n thus_o gather_v they_o put_v into_o a_o glass_n bottle_n and_o so_o set_v it_o in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v have_v the_o warm_a sunshine_n all_o day_n long_o keep_v it_o there_o all_o the_o summer_n after_o some_o day_n rest_n some_o dregs_o and_o dirt_n will_v settle_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o which_o when_o they_o perceive_v they_o pour_v off_o all_o the_o clear_a dew_n into_o another_o vessel_n and_o fling_v away_o those_o settle_n this_o they_o do_v often_o because_o the_o dew_n do_v not_o purge_v itself_o perfect_o in_o a_o few_o day_n but_o by_o degree_n so_o as_o new_a dregs_o sever_v from_o the_o pure_a part_n by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o dew_n help_v on_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n do_v settle_v again_o of_o the_o which_o as_o often_o as_o those_o good_a woman_n see_v any_o notable_a quantity_n they_o stâ—ll_v pour_v off_o the_o clear_a dew_n from_o they_o do_v thus_o all_o summer_n long_o until_o it_o be_v clear_a to_o the_o bottom_n the_o dew_n thus_o thorough_o purify_v look_v whitish_a and_o keep_v good_a for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o sect._n 4._o of_o the_o mist_n and_o fog_n we_o have_v show_v how_o much_o ireland_n be_v subject_a to_o rain_v and_o so_o it_o be_v likewise_o to_o dark_a weather_n and_o overca_v of_o the_o air_n even_o when_o it_o rain_v not_o which_o continue_v sometime_o many_o day_n together_o especial_o in_o wintertime_n but_o as_o for_o the_o fog_n &_o mist_n ireland_n be_v no_o more_o trouble_v with_o they_o than_o other_o region_n especial_o in_o the_o plain_a country_n for_o in_o the_o mountain_n they_o be_v much_o more_o frequent_a so_o that_o oftentimes_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o they_o for_o a_o great_a way_n the_o space_n of_o some_o hour_n together_o when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v none_o in_o the_o neighbour_a plain_a country_n and_o in_o the_o high_a mountain_n it_o come_v many_o time_n to_o pass_v that_o in_o a_o fair_a day_n the_o top_n thereof_o for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o thick_a mist_n when_o not_o only_o the_o adjacent_a country_n but_o even_o the_o low_a part_n of_o those_o mountain_n do_v njoy_v a_o clear_a sunshine_n and_o sometime_o it_o befall_v the_o top_n as_o well_o as_o the_o low_a part_n be_v free_a from_o they_o the_o middle_a part_n be_v quite_o cover_v therewith_o as_o my_o brother_n in_o his_o travel_n have_v many_o time_n observe_v in_o several_a part_n especial_o upon_o those_o high_a mountain_n between_o dundalke_n and_o carlingford_n as_o well_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o summer_n as_o at_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o many_o place_n it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o like_a fog_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v a_o forerunner_n of_o rain_n in_o the_o next_o conntry_n whereof_o all_o those_o who_o have_v live_v any_o time_n at_o dublin_n may_v have_v good_a knowledge_n for_o seldom_o a_o mist_n appear_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wickloe-mountain_n situate_v some_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n or_o of_o the_o head_n of_o both_o without_o be_v follow_v with_o rain_n at_o dublin_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n within_o 24._o hour_n wherein_o be_v observable_a that_o a_o fog_n quite_o cover_v those_o mountain_n all_o over_o be_v not_o so_o sure_a a_o sign_n of_o rain_n as_o when_o it_o be_v only_o upon_o the_o top_n and_o that_o those_o general_a mist_n upon_o the_o mountain_n be_v often_o see_v without_o any_o follow_a rain_n the_o which_o very_o seldom_o or_o never_o happen_v in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o mist_n or_o fog_n in_o ireland_n the_o one_o be_v uniform_a and_o constant_a quite_o fill_v the_o air_n of_o all_o side_n whereby_o all_o manner_n of_o prospect_n be_v take_v away_o and_o continue_v after_o the_o same_o fashion_n until_o it_o vanish_v by_o degree_n either_o ascend_v up_o into_o the_o air_n or_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n whereofhere_o as_o in_o other_o country_n the_o first_o be_v common_o follow_v with_o rain_n and_o the_o second_o with_o fair_a weather_n in_o the_o other_o sort_n be_v great_a parcel_n or_o flake_n of_o foggy_a vapour_n scatter_v up_o and_o down_o the_o air_n with_o clear_a space_n betwixt_o the_o which_o flake_n do_v not_o keep_v one_o place_n but_o fly_v to_o and_o fro_o according_a as_o they_o be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o that_o sometime_o very_o swift_o this_o kind_n of_o fog_n do_v arise_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o seaside_n but_o also_o within_o the_o land_n and_o upon_o the_o mountain_n oftentimes_o turn_v into_o a_o general_n mist._n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o snow_n hail_o and_o hoar-frost_n for_o the_o most_o part_n there_o fall_v no_o great_a store_n of_o snow_n in_o ireland_n and_o some_o year_n none_o at_o all_o especial_o in_o the_o plain_a country_n in_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v common_o great_a plenty_n of_o snow_n than_o in_o other_o part_n so_o that_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n do_v all_o winter_n â—ong_o remain_v there_o abroad_o be_v seldom_o trouble_v with_o very_o great_a frost_n or_o snow_n and_o do_v feed_v in_o the_o field_n night_n and_o day_n as_o we_o have_v relate_v more_o ample_o above_o yet_o it_o have_v happen_v that_o in_o a_o winter_n one_o of_o many_o abundance_n of_o snow_n have_v fall_v instance_n that_o of_o the_o year_n 1635_o where_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o january_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o february_n great_a store_n of_o snow_n do_v fall_v to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o cattle_n chief_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n where_o it_o do_v snow_v most_o exceed_o so_o as_o the_o people_n be_v put_v to_o hard_a shift_n to_o bring_v their_o cattle_n in_o safety_n to_o their_o fold_n and_o other_o cover_a place_n one_o history_n among_o the_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o strangeness_n of_o it_o i_o think_v will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o relate_v as_o it_o have_v be_v assert_v to_o i_o by_o very_o credible_a person_n a_o gentleman_n live_v about_o ballaneah_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o save_v his_o sheep_n yet_o miss_v eleven_o of_o they_o some_o day_n after_o be_v come_v forth_o to_o course_n his_o man_n see_v from_o a_o â—arre_n off_o upon_o a_o hill_n in_o a_o hollow_a place_n of_o a_o rock_n part_n of_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o top_n hang_v over_o it_o something_o alive_a and_o stir_a they_o think_v it_o have_v be_v a_o hare_n or_o a_o fox_n but_o come_v near_o they_o find_v it_o be_v the_o lose_a sheep_n the_o which_o have_v sheer_a eat_v away_o all_o the_o wool_n â—rom_o one_o another_o back_n be_v destitute_a of_o all_o other_o food_n all_o â—ound_n about_o be_v cover_v with_o deep_a snow_n and_o which_o be_v more_o wonderful_a one_o of_o they_o be_v dead_a the_o rest_n do_v eat_v her_o flesh_n leave_v nothing_o but_o the_o bar_n bone_n it_o do_v also_o long_o contiune_n there_o so_o as_o it_o be_v and_o ordinary_a thing_n in_o those_o by_o dublin_n and_o all_o other_o high_a mountain_n throughout_o the_o land_n to_o see_v the_o snow_n lie_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o they_o many_o day_n yea_o week_n after_o that_o in_o the_o nether_a part_n and_o plain_a country_n it_o be_v thaw_v and_o quite_o vanish_v it_o hail_v there_o but_o seldom_o and_o in_o thin_a short_a shower_n the_o hailstone_n also_o be_v very_o little_a as_o for_o the_o hoar-frost_n that_o be_v as_o common_a here_o
with_o several_a of_o those_o gentleman_n who_o the_o bloody_a combustion_n of_o ireland_n have_v drive_v away_o thence_o and_o make_v to_o resort_v to_o london_n he_o be_v very_o well_o acquaint_v with_o they_o especial_o with_o sir_n william_n parson_n and_o sir_n richard_n parson_n which_o two_o have_v above_o all_o other_o a_o very_a perfect_a insight_n into_o that_o land_n &_o into_o all_o matter_n '_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o be_v wonderful_a well_o able_a to_o satisfy_v any_o of_o those_o question_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n he_o propound_v unto_o they_o either_o about_o those_o thing_n that_o he_o have_v already_o learned_a of_o i_o or_o about_o such_o other_o of_o which_o he_o have_v forget_v to_o speak_v to_o i_o or_o on_o which_o i_o have_v not_o be_v able_a full_o to_o inform_v he_o in_o this_o manner_n he_o bring_v that_o work_n together_o the_o which_o to_o accomplish_v yet_o further_o he_o send_v to_o i_o still_o as_o much_o as_o he_o have_v finish_v desire_v i_o to_o review_v it_o diligent_o and_o to_o add_v put_v out_o or_o alter_v what_o i_o shall_v see_v cause_n wherein_o also_o as_o in_o the_o first_o information_n i_o be_v not_o want_v to_o contribute_v what_o ever_o be_v necessary_a as_o far_o forth_o as_o my_o knowledge_n do_v reach_v unto_o and_o according_a to_o those_o observation_n unto_o which_o i_o have_v very_o studious_o and_o with_o singular_a delight_n apply_v myself_o during_o those_o eight_o year_n that_o i_o live_v in_o that_o island_n whereunto_o i_o have_v so_o much_o the_o more_o opportunity_n because_o that_o as_o my_o constant_a abode_n be_v in_o dublin_n so_o i_o make_v very_o many_o journey_n into_o the_o country_n &_o by_o mean_n thereof_o see_v great_a part_n of_o it_o especial_o of_o the_o province_n of_o leinster_n and_o ulster_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o also_o it_o will_v be_v a_o easy_a matter_n for_o i_o to_o make-up_a those_o part_n of_o this_o work_n which_o be_v still_o want_v thus_o i_o believe_v to_o have_v full_o take_v away_o the_o forementioned_a objection_n and_o to_o have_v give_v you_o as_o perfect_v a_o account_n about_o the_o ground_n &_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o write_n of_o this_o natural_a history_n as_o be_v expect_v by_o you_o and_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o trouble_v you_o with_o all_o at_o the_o present_a i_o shall_v end_v these_o with_o my_o most_o hearty_a wish_n that_o notwithstanding_o any_o discouragement_n or_o any_o want_n of_o encouragement_n you_o will_v still_o go_v on_o in_o that_o most_o commendable_a purpose_n of_o further_a as_o much_o as_o in_o you_o lie_v all_o manner_n of_o real_a and_o profitable_a knowledge_n the_o which_o indeed_o hitherto_o you_o have_v do_v so_o large_o on_o very_o many_o occasion_n as_o must_v needs_o great_o redound_v to_o the_o general_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o make_v your_o memory_n precious_a to_o they_o in_o all_o future_a age_n your_o most_o affectionate_a and_o humble_a servant_n arnold_n boate_n paris_z 10_o 20_o aug._n ireland_n natural_a history_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o situation_n shape_n and_o greatness_n of_o ireland_n it_o be_v division_n into_o province_n and_o county_n of_o the_o english_a pale_a the_o principal_a town_n of_o that_o nation_n sect._n 1_o situation_n of_o ireland_n ireland_n by_o the_o irish_a themselves_o call_v erin_n and_o by_o their_o neighbour_n the_o welsh_a yverdon_n lie_v in_o the_o northwest_n ocean_n have_v on_o the_o westside_n no_o land_n near_o than_o america_n or_o the_o west-indies_a and_o thereof_o that_o part_n which_o above_o nova_fw-la francia_fw-la and_o canada_n run_v northward_o have_v of_o the_o english_a receive_v the_o name_n of_o new-britain_n but_o of_o other_o nation_n before_o of_o terra_fw-la laboratoris_fw-la the_o next_o land_n over_o against_o it_o on_o the_o south_n be_v galicia_n one_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n from_o which_o it_o lie_v divide_v some_o day_n sail_v northwards_o it_o have_v the_o scotish_n land_n by_o the_o geographer_n call_v hebrides_n or_o hebudes_n the_o principal_a of_o which_o be_v eust_fw-fr lewis_n skye_n ila_n &_o mula_n on_o the_o east-side_n be_v great-brittain_n and_o all_o the_o three_o part_n of_o it_o to_o wit_n part_n of_o scotland_n the_o whole_a west_n coast_n of_o england_n and_o all_o wales_n sect._n 2._o distance_n betwixt_o ireland_n and_o several_a place_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o great-britain_n the_o sea_n which_o part_v ireland_n from_o great-britain_n be_v of_o a_o very_a unequal_a breadth_n be_v more_o narrow_a in_o the_o north-end_n less_o in_o the_o south-end_n but_o broad_a in_o the_o midst_n as_o far_o as_o it_o wash_v the_o the_o english_a coast_n be_v the_o full_a length_n of_o the_o two_o county_n of_o cumberland_n and_o lancashire_n opposite_a against_o which_o be_v situate_v in_o ireland_n the_o county_n of_o down_o lowth_n and_o dublin_n the_o sea_n which_o be_v enclose_v betwixt_o these_o county_n &_o comprise_v in_o its_o middle_n the_o i_o will_v of_o man_n be_v well_o near_o of_o a_o equal_a and_o uniform_a breadth_n every_o where_o not_o be_v in_o any_o place_n much_o broad_a or_o much_o narrow_a than_o it_o be_v betwixt_o the_o haven_n of_o dublin_n &_o leverpoole_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o which_o two_o be_v reckon_v by_o the_o english_a pilot_n to_o be_v of_o forty_o league_n or_o sixscore_a english_a mile_n but_o wales_n in_o two_o or_o three_o place_n come_v a_o great_a deal_n near_o to_o ireland_n and_o in_o some_o as_o near_o again_o for_o holy-head_n be_v the_o most_o westerly_a corner_n of_o the_o northerly_a part_n of_o wales_n call_v anglesey_n lie_v just_o half_a way_n between_o dublin_n &_o lerpoole_n or_o chester_n be_v twenty_o league_n or_o three_o score_n mile_n from_o dublin_n and_o ten_o or_o twelve_o hour_n sail_n with_o a_o reasonable_a good_a wind_n which_o distance_n be_v no_o great_a than_o what_o the_o eye_n may_v very_o very_o well_o reach_v for_o a_o man_n who_o sight_n be_v but_o of_o a_o ordinary_a goodness_n may_v at_o any_o time_n in_o cleaâ—_n weather_n with_o ease_n discern_v the_o high_a and_o mountainous_a coast_n of_o wales_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o dublin_n mountain_n and_o about_o the_o same_o distance_n as_o be_v betwixt_o dublin_n and_o holy-head_n be_v also_o betwixt_o st._n davis-head_n a_o promontory_n of_o pembrookshire_n which_o shire_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o most_o south-west_n part_v of_o wales_n and_o the_o irish_a promontory_n in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n which_o the_o native_n call_v cancarne_v and_o the_o english_a seaman_n tuskard-point_n also_o the_o promontory_n of_o carnarvan_n in_o wales_n call_v brachipult-point_n and_o lie_v betwixt_o holy-head_n and_o st._n davis_n be_v well_o near_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o next_o irish_a shore_n as_o either_o of_o those_o other_o welsh_a promontory_n but_o between_o brachipult-point_n and_o saint_n davis-head_n the_o sea_n do_v much_o enlarge_v itself_o although_o nothing_o so_o much_o as_o betwixt_o ireland_n and_o england_n make_v a_o great_a inlet_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o wales_n the_o which_o here_o retire_v itself_o a_o great_a way_n backward_o whereas_o to_o the_o contrary_a the_o irish_a shore_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o it_o extend_v itself_o in_o a_o equal_a manner_n without_o any_o great_a bay_n or_o inlet_n as_o for_o the_o north_n part_n where_o ireland_n &_o scotland_n be_v neighbour_n there_o this_o sea_n grow_v very_o narrow_a insomuch_o as_o galloway_n a_o county_n in_o that_o part_n of_o scotland_n be_v distant_a with_o its_o most_o westerlie_o shore_n from_o the_o ardes_fw-la a_o little_a country_n and_o demy-island_n so_o name_v in_o the_o most_o northerly_a part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o down_o in_o ireland_n not_o above_o five_o league_n which_o space_n the_o open_a boat_n wherein_o they_o ordinary_o here_o do_v pass_v from_o the_o one_o kingdom_n into_o the_o other_o use_v to_o sail_v in_o three_o or_o four_o hour_n time_n and_o cantire_a another_o foreland_n on_o the_o west_n shore_n of_o scotland_n more_o to_o the_o north_n than_o galloway_n be_v near_a yet_o unto_o ireland_n so_o that_o in_o these_o two_o place_n the_o one_o nation_n may_v perfect_o be_v see_v and_o discern_v out_o of_o the_o other_o at_o all_o time_n whensoever_o it_o be_v no_o very_o dark_a gloomy_a weather_n sect._n 3_o shape_n and_o bigness_n of_o ireland_n the_o shape_n of_o this_o island_n be_v long-way_n square_a but_o not_o full_o for_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o several_a corner_n and_o forelands_n which_o run_v out_o a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n nor_o of_o divers_a great_a bay_n and_o inlet_n which_o the_o sea_n make_v here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o three_o other_o part_n of_o this_o island_n the_o four_o part_n call_v munster_n do_v great_o alter_v that_o figure_n for_o in_o lieu_n of_o stretch_v itself_o fiâ—st_a from_o the_o
itself_o be_v great_a and_o populous_a what_o into_o the_o country_n for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n almost_o all_o leinster_n and_o and_o ulster_n be_v wont_a to_o furnish_v themselves_o from_o dublin_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o provision_n and_o necessary_n such_o as_o be_v bring_v in_o out_o of_o foreign_a country_n next_o to_o dublin_n be_v galloway_n the_o head-citie_n of_o the_o province_n of_o connaught_n to_o be_v reckon_v as_o well_o for_o bigness_n and_o faireness_n as_o for_o riches_n for_o the_o street_n be_v wide_a and_o handsome_o order_v the_o house_n for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v of_o free_a stone_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n much_o addict_v to_o traffic_n do_v great_o trade_v into_o other_o country_n especial_o into_o spain_n from_o whence_o they_o use_v to_o fetch_v great_a store_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o waâ—es_v every_o year_n in_o the_o three_o place_n come_v waterford_n situate_v in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n and_o in_o the_o four_o limmerick_n the_o head-city_n of_o the_o say_a province_n both_o town_n of_o traffic_n situate_v on_o goodly_a haven_n and_o of_o reasonable_a bigness_n and_o handsomeness_n cork_n in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n and_o london-derrie_a in_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n be_v less_o than_o any_o of_o the_o formentioned_a but_o otherwise_o handsome_a place_n well_o build_v &_o very_o fit_o situate_v for_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n as_o stand_v upon_o very_o good_a havens_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n drogheda_n kilkenny_n and_o bandonbridge_n be_v passable_a and_o worthy_a of_o some_o regard_n both_o for_o bigness_n and_o handsomeness_n but_o colrain_n knockfergus_n belfast_n dundalk_v wexford_n youghall_n and_o kinsale_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n the_o best_a of_o all_o these_o be_v hardly_o comparable_a to_o any_o of_o those_o fair_a market-town_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o almost_o all_o part_n of_o england_n and_o as_o for_o cassel_n rosse_n lismore_n clonmell_n and_o kilmallock_n in_o munster_n sleigo_fw-es and_o atlone_o in_o connaught_n molingar_fw-la trim_v kels_n navan_n aboy_n nace_n carlo_n arklo_n and_o wicklo_n in_o leinster_n carlingford_n ardee_n and_o down_o in_o ulster_n all_o of_o they_o wall_a town_n they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o mention_v because_o there_o be_v few_o market_n town_n in_o england_n even_o of_o the_o mean_a which_o be_v not_o as_o good_a or_o better_a than_o the_o best_a of_o they_o all_o we_o can_v give_v a_o more_o perfect_a relation_n of_o this_o particular_a but_o because_o this_o serve_v little_a to_o our_o purpose_n and_o proper_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o natural_a history_n we_o have_v think_v it_o best_a to_o touch_v it_o but_o brief_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o principal_a havens_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o waterford_n haven_n the_o havens_n of_o ireland_n be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o fair_a and_o large_a that_o in_o this_o particular_a hardly_o any_o land_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o this_o as_o will_v easy_o appear_v by_o the_o particular_a rehearsal_n thereof_o which_o we_o be_v now_o to_o make_v first_o of_o the_o best_a and_o chief_a in_o this_o chapter_n and_o of_o the_o other_o in_o the_o next_o we_o shall_v begin_v with_o waterford_n haven_n the_o which_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o leinster_n and_o munster_n run_v some_o seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n not_o wind_v or_o crooked_a nor_o with_o any_o great_a nook_n or_o inlet_n but_o almost_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n extend_v in_o itself_o north_n and_o north_n by_o west_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o a_o equal_a breadth_n all_o the_o way_n deep_a and_o clear_a have_v no_o rok_n or_o sand_n but_o only_o two_o or_o three_o little_a one_o which_o lie_v not_o across_o nor_o in_o the_o midst_n but_o by_o the_o side_n may_v be_v shun_v very_o easy_o without_o the_o harbour_n it_o be_v eleven_o and_o twelve_o fathom_n deep_a in_o the_o mouth_n seven_o and_o more_o inward_o six_o fathom_n within_o the_o easterly_a corner_n be_v a_o good_a road_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o other_o or_o westerly_a side_n five_o or_o six_o mile_n from_o the_o mouth_n be_v another_o good_a road_n very_o commodious_a as_o well_o for_o they_o who_o go_v forth_o as_o those_o that_o will_v sail_v upward_o to_o waterford_n upon_o the_o east-side_n about_o halfway_n the_o length_n lie_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n call_v duncannon_n which_o so_o command_v this_o harbour_n as_o no_o ship_n can_v go_v up_o or_o down_o against_o the_o will_n of_o those_o in_o the_o fort_n without_o run_v extreme_a hazard_n this_o haven_n in_o the_o end_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o arm_n both_o a_o great_a deal_n inferior_a to_o the_o principal_a harbour_n in_o breath_n and_o depth_n but_o yet_o such_o as_o be_v capable_a of_o ship_n of_o a_o good_a big_a port_n especial_o the_o left_a which_o run_v westward_o to_o the_o city_n of_o waterford_n whereof_o this_o whole_a haven_n bear_v the_o name_n be_v situate_v some_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n from_o that_o division_n and_o a_o little_a below_o the_o place_n where_o the_o river_n sure_a fall_v into_o this_o harbour_n the_o right_a arm_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n barrow_n and_o extend_v itself_o straight_o along_o go_v up_o to_o ross_n a_o town_n in_o former_a time_n famous_a for_o trade_n the_o which_o be_v much_o about_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o this_o division_n as_o the_o division_n be_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n sect._n 2._o carlingford_n haven_n on_o the_o whole_a coast_n of_o leinster_n there_o be_v not_o one_o fair_a large_a harbour_n so_o as_o the_o next_o good_a haven_n from_o waterford_n northwards_o be_v that_o of_o carlingford_n which_o two_o harbour_n in_o sail_v straight_o along_o the_o coast_n be_v above_o a_o hundred_o mill_n distant_a this_o haven_n be_v some_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n long_o and_o nigh_o of_o the_o same_o breath_n be_v every_o where_o very_o deep_a so_o as_o the_o big_a ship_n may_v come_v there_o to_o a_o anchor_n and_o so_o environ_v with_o high_a land_n and_o mountain_n on_o all_o side_n that_o the_o ship_n do_v lie_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n so_o that_o this_o will_v be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a haven_n of_o the_o world_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o difficulty_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o entrance_n the_o mouth_n be_v full_a of_o rock_n both_o blind_a one_o and_o other_o betwixt_o which_o the_o passage_n be_v very_o narrow_a whereby_o it_o come_v that_o this_o harbour_n be_v very_o little_o frequent_v by_o any_o great_a ship_n the_o rather_o because_o there_o be_v no_o traffic_n at_o all_o nor_o any_o good_a town_n seat_v on_o this_o haven_n for_o the_o town_n of_o carlingford_n who_o name_n it_o bear_v be_v a_o very_a poor_a place_n hardly_o worth_a the_o speak_n of_o about_o eight_o mile_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n be_v the_o nurie_n a_o fine_a little_a town_n until_o in_o this_o late_a bloody_a rebellion_n it_o be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n destroy_v by_o the_o irish_a by_o which_o town_n pass_v a_o little_a river_n call_v the_o nurie-water_n which_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o harbour_n some_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n below_o the_o nurie_n be_v not_o portable_a but_o of_o very_o little_a bark_n and_o boat_n and_o that_o only_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v in_o sect._n 3_o strangford-haven_n and_o that_o of_o knockfergus_n about_o thirty_o mile_n northwards_o from_o carlingford-haven_n be_v the_o haven_n of_o strangford_n the_o which_o in_o its_o entrance_n be_v almost_o as_o much_o encumber_a with_o rock_n of_o both_o kind_n as_o that_o of_o carlingford_n it_o be_v some_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n long_o and_o bear_v northwestward_a be_v the_o mouth_n of_o a_o great_a lough_n call_v loch_n cone_n the_o which_o be_v but_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n broad_a in_o the_o most_o place_n but_o some_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o long_a do_v ebb_n &_o flow_v until_o the_o utmost_a end_n of_o it_o so_o that_o there_o go_v a_o very_a strong_a tide_n in_o this_o harbour_n which_o make_v the_o same_o the_o unsafer_n especial_o in_o great_a storm_n and_o high_a wind_n for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o great_a defence_n here_o on_o this_o haven_n and_o on_o the_o neighbour_a lough_n there_o lie_v never_o a_o good_a town_n strangford_n be_v more_o inconsiderable_a yet_o than_o carlingford_n the_o next_o great_a harbour_n upon_o this_o coast_n and_o about_o twenty_o mile_n more_o to_o the_o north_n be_v that_o of_o knocfergus_fw-la be_v a_o great_a wide_a bay_n the_o which_o in_o its_o mouth_n betwixt_o the_o southern_a &_o the_o northern_a point_n be_v no_o less_o than_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n broad_a grow_v narrow_a by_o degree_n the_o far_a it_o go_v
into_o the_o land_n the_o which_o it_o do_v for_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o mile_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o town_n of_o belfast_n where_o a_o little_a river_n call_v lagon_n not_o portable_a but_o of_o small_a boat_n fall_v into_o this_o harbour_n in_o this_o bay_n be_v a_o reasonable_a good_a road_n before_o the_o town_n of_o knockfergus_n seat_v about_o nine_o mile_n within_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v good_a anchor_a in_o three_o fathom_n and_o three_o and_o a_o half_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o bay_n somewhat_o near_o the_o sea_n under_o a_o castle_n call_v mouse-hill_n be_v a_o sand-bay_n where_o it_o be_v good_a anchor_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o ship_n aswell_o great_a as_o small_a one_o for_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_n wind_n but_o bad_a ride_v for_o the_o south-west_n sect._n 4._o sheep_n haven_n lough_n suillie_n and_o lough_n foil_n the_o three_o forementioned_a havens_n of_o carlingford_n strangford_n knockfergus_n be_v all_o in_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n on_o the_o east-side_n thereof_o the_o say_a province_n have_v also_o three_o good_a havens_n on_o its_o northern_a coast_n not_o very_o far_o distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o viz._n sheep_n haven_n lough_n suillie_n and_o lough_n foil_n every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v a_o lough_n which_o the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o sufficient_o testify_v open_a itself_o into_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o which_o sheep_n haven_n and_o lough_n suillie_n although_o they_o be_v fair_a large_a harbour_n as_o well_o as_o lough_n foil_n and_o that_o ship_n may_v ride_v there_o defend_v off_o all_o wind_n lough_n suillie_n be_v also_o of_o sufficient_a bigness_n to_o contain_v a_o thousand_o great_a vessel_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o little_o frequent_v because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o trade_n nor_o traffic_n nor_o any_o good_a town_n place_v upon_o or_o near_o they_o lough_n foil_n be_v of_o a_o great_a bigness_n at_o least_o twelve_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o most_o place_n five_o or_o six_o mile_n broad_a be_v almost_o every_o where_o of_o a_o equal_a breadth_n except_o at_o the_o two_o end_n where_o it_o grow_v narrow_a be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n for_o at_o the_o mouth_n betwixt_o magilions_n point_n and_o greencastle_n it_o be_v hardly_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o at_o the_o other_o end_v it_o be_v much_o narrow_a yet_o run_v from_o thence_o with_o a_o long_a arm_n some_o mile_n into_o the_o country_n be_v like_a to_o a_o broad_a river_n than_o to_o a_o lough_n upon_o this_o arm_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o great_a lough_n be_v the_o town_n of_o london-derrie_a in_o a_o place_n where_o that_o arm_n turn_v and_o wind_v itself_o in_o that_o manner_n as_o it_o environ_v the_o town_n on_o three_o side_n it_o be_v nothing_o big_a consist_v only_o of_o two_o long_a street_n the_o which_o cut_v one_o neither_o cross-waye_n in_o the_o midst_n but_o it_o be_v very_o handsome_a the_o street_n be_v broad_a and_o well_o pave_v the_o house_n some_o story_n high_a &_o build_v for_o the_o most_o of_o freestone_n with_o a_o handsome_a church_n market_n place_n and_o key_n and_o be_v enclose_v with_o a_o thick_a and_o very_a strong_a stone_n wall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a fortress_n of_o ireland_n it_o be_v but_o few_o year_n old_a have_v be_v build_v up_o from_o the_o ground_n by_o a_o company_n of_o london_n adventurer_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james._n before_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o lough_n lie_v a_o great_a sand_n call_v the_o toun_n upon_o which_o it_o burn_v great_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o so_o as_o a_o fair_a broad_a and_o deep_a channel_n remain_v betwixt_o the_o say_a sand_n and_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o land_n where_o there_o be_v at_o all_o time_n fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o fathom_n of_o water_n as_o in_o the_o mouth_n itself_o some_o eight_o or_o ten_o enter_v into_o the_o lough_n there_o be_v very_o great_a sand_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n from_o the_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v some_o mile_n broad_a from_o off_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v some_o little_a sand_n or_o shelf_n here_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o land_n betwixt_o these_o run_v a_o broad_a channel_n in_o most_o part_n three_o and_o four_o fathom_n deep_a and_o in_o that_o arm_n whereon_o londonderry_n stand_v it_o be_v deep_a yet_o in_o some_o place_n no_o less_o than_o ten_o or_o twelve_o and_o before_o the_o town_n four_o and_o five_o fathom_n so_o as_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o commodious_a harbour_n of_o all_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o kilbeg_n and_o dungall_n haven_n the_o country_n of_o tirconnell_n the_o which_o take_v up_o the_o whole_a westside_n of_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n run_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n with_o its_o southern_a part_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o which_o foreland_n there_o be_v two_o very_a fair_a havens_n the_o one_o not_o far_o from_o the_o other_o viz._n kilbeg_n and_o dungall-haven_n kilbeg_n be_v a_o fair_a round_a bay_n where_o the_o great_a ship_n that_o go_v upon_o the_o sea_n may_v at_o all_o time_n with_o their_o full_a lade_n enter_v and_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n be_v distant_a about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o cape_n de_fw-fr tellin_n the_o outmost_a or_o most_o western_a point_n of_o that_o forename_a foreland_n of_o tirconnell_n the_o entrance_n be_v very_o narrow_a so_o as_o unto_o they_o who_o be_v come_v to_o it_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o open_n there_o until_o they_o be_v very_o near_o but_o it_o be_v very_o clean_a as_o well_o in_o the_o mouth_n as_o in_o the_o bay_n itself_o and_o nothing_o that_o can_v hurt_v the_o ship_n either_o come_n in_o or_o go_v forth_o be_v enter_v one_o may_v anchor_v where_o one_o will_v in_o five_o six_o seven_o eight_o fathom_n or_o more_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n from_o kilbeg_n be_v a_o cape_n call_v st._n johns_n point_n and_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n eastward_o from_o the_o say_a cape_n be_v dungal-haven_n wide_a and_o deep_a enough_o but_o in_o the_o entrance_n great_o encumber_v with_o shelf_n sand_n &_o rock_n so_o as_o great_a care_n &_o circumspection_n be_v requisite_a to_o enter_v or_o go_v forth_o safe_o these_o two_o havens_n have_v their_o name_n of_o village_n seat_v on_o they_o which_o be_v very_o small_a and_o no_o way_n considerable_a sect._n 6._o broad-haven_n akill-haven_n and_o galloway-haven_n the_o province_n of_o connaught_n extend_v herself_o betwixt_o ulster_n and_o munster_n take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o westside_n of_o ireland_n it_o have_v also_o some_o good_a port_n as_o namely_o broad-haven_n a_o other_o to_o the_o north_n of_o akill_n head_n and_o a_o three_o situate_v between_o the_o main_a and_o the_o north_n and_o east_n side_n of_o akill_n island_n in_o which_o one_o may_v ride_v in_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n and_o be_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n although_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o sound_n than_o a_o enclose_a harbour_n for_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v come_v into_o it_o need_v not_o to_o go_v forth_o the_o same_o way_n again_o but_o sail_v on_o betwixt_o the_o main_a and_o the_o island_n may_v at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o i_o will_v come_v again_o to_o the_o open_a sea_n these_o havens_n be_v nothing_o famous_a be_v very_o seldom_o resort_v unto_o by_o any_o great_a ship_n except_o such_o as_o by_o tempest_n and_o foul_a weather_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n be_v necessitate_v to_o shelter_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o but_o the_o famous_a port_n of_o this_o province_n be_v that_o of_o galloway_n be_v a_o very_a great_a bay_n some_o mile_n broad_a and_o many_o more_o long_o have_v in_o the_o mouth_n three_o ilandâ—_n name_v the_o isle_n of_o aran_n the_o which_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n by_o the_o side_n one_o of_o the_o other_o there_o remain_v three_o channel_n for_o to_o come_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o this_o bay_n one_o channel_n run_v betwixt_o the_o land_n and_o the_o northern_a island_n call_v therefore_o north-sound_n the_o second_o between_o the_o the_o same_o northern_a island_n and_o the_o middlemost_a which_o channel_n be_v the_o most_o usual_a of_o the_o three_o be_v common_o style_v st_n gregory_n sound_n and_o the_o three_o between_o the_o southernmost_a island_n and_o the_o main_a name_v south_n sound_v the_o channel_n betwixt_o the_o southern_a and_o the_o middlemost_a island_n not_o be_v passable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o sand_n and_o shelf_n wherefore_o the_o name_n of_o false-sound_n have_v be_v give_v to_o it_o the_o whole_a north-side_n of_o this_o bay_n be_v very_o foul_a with_o sand_n and_o rock_n so_o as_o one_o may_v not_o approach_v the_o shore_n in_o
taste_v in_o which_o property_n nevertheless_o and_o in_o the_o wholsomness_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o difference_n be_v find_v and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n as_o in_o other_o country_n for_o those_o which_o spring_n out_o of_o a_o gravelly_a or_o sandy_a ground_n be_v pure_a than_o those_o that_o spring_n out_o of_o earth_n or_o clay_n those_o that_o rise_v out_o of_o a_o stony_a or_o rocky_a ground_n cool_a than_o any_o of_o the_o former_a those_o that_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o free_o receive_v the_o beaâ—â—_n thereof_o especial_o of_o the_o morning_n sun_n have_v light_a and_o wholesome_a water_n although_o less_o cool_a than_o those_o which_o be_v contrary_o seat_v and_o so_o for_o the_o rest_n sect._n 2._o spaes_n and_o holy-wel_n in_o ireland_n a_o few_o year_n since_o some_o fountain_n have_v be_v discover_v in_o ireland_n some_o of_o they_o not_o far_o from_o dublin_n and_o other_o in_o other_o part_n who_o vein_n run_v through_o certain_a mineral_n and_o wash_v off_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o yield_v a_o medicinal_a water_n apt_a to_o open_v the_o obstruction_n of_o man_n body_n and_o to_o cure_v other_o accident_n thereof_o which_o kind_n of_o fountain_n be_v common_o call_v spaes_n a_o name_n borrow_v of_o a_o certain_a village_n in_o the_o country_n of_o liege_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o spring_n of_o that_o sort_n absolute_o the_o princpal_a and_o the_o most_o effectual_a of_o all_o those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o therefore_o of_o very_o great_a renown_n in_o near_a and_o in_o far_a country_n beside_o these_o spaes_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o fountain_n throughout_o all_o the_o land_n call_v holy-wel_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o water_n not_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o other_o well_n in_o smell_n taste_n or_o in_o any_o other_o sensible_a quality_n neverthelese_fw-mi be_v believe_v to_o be_v effectual_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o several_a disease_n but_o experience_n do_v show_v that_o those_o virtue_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o spring_n themselves_o but_o only_o in_o the_o vain_a imagination_n of_o the_o superstitious_a people_n the_o which_o also_o have_v dedicate_v every_o one_o of_o those_o to_o some_o particular_a saint_n do_v expect_v the_o suppose_a virtue_n rather_o from_o the_o power_n of_o they_o than_o from_o any_o natural_a efficaciousness_n inherent_a in_o the_o water_n itself_o sect._n 3_o of_o the_o fabulous_a fountain_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la as_o for_o those_o wonderful_a spring_n mention_v by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la one_o in_o munster_n who_o water_n present_o make_v they_o gray_a that_o wash_v their_o head_n or_o beard_n therewith_o one_o in_o ulster_n of_o quite_o contrary_a virtue_n so_o that_o the_o person_n wash_v therewith_o never_o come_v to_o be_v gray_a one_o in_o connaught_n who_o water_n good_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o drink_n and_o other_o use_n of_o man_n be_v hurtful_a yea_o deadly_a to_o cattle_n sheep_n horse_n and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o beast_n and_o yet_o another_o in_o the_o same_o province_n the_o which_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n side_n eb_v and_o flow_v twice_o a_o day_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sea_n i_o can_v not_o hitherto_o come_v to_o the_o speech_n of_o any_o who_o in_o our_o time_n have_v see_v those_o fountain_n or_o observe_v any_o such_o thing_n in_o they_o which_o make_v i_o doubt_n that_o that_o good_a man_n have_v be_v deceive_v herein_o by_o his_o credulity_n as_o in_o innumerable_a other_o thing_n the_o which_o be_v evident_o untrue_a and_o fictitious_a be_v by_o he_o relate_v for_o certain_a truth_n as_o in_o this_o matter_n who_o see_v not_o the_o idleness_n of_o that_o fiction_n concern_v a_o certain_a fountain_n in_o munster_n whereof_o he_o write_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o body_n do_v touch_v it_o or_o but_o look_v at_o it_o it_o begin_v present_o to_o rain_v most_o heavy_o over_o all_o the_o province_n and_o continue_v so_o to_o do_v until_o a_o certain_a priest_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o who_o have_v never_o lose_v his_o maidenhead_n do_v appease_v the_o fountain_n in_o sing_v a_o mass_n in_o a_o chapel_n stand_v not_o far_o from_o thence_o and_o build_v express_o for_o that_o end_n and_o in_o be_v sprinkle_v the_o same_o fountain_n with_o holywater_n and_o with_o the_o milk_n of_o a_o cow_n of_o one_o colour_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o brook_n in_o ireland_n no_o country_n in_o the_o world_n be_v full_a of_o brook_n than_o ireland_n where_o the_o same_o be_v numberless_a &_o water_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n on_o all_o side_n they_o take_v their_o beginning_n three_o several_a manner_n of_o way_n some_o have_v their_o source_n of_o fountain_n the_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o small_a not_o only_o those_o who_o carry_v the_o water_n but_o of_o one_o spring_n most_o of_o which_o be_v rather_o like_a unto_o a_o gutter_n than_o a_o brook_n but_o even_o those_o into_o which_o the_o water_n of_o several_a fountain_n do_v flow_v together_o other_o rise_v out_o of_o bog_n the_o which_o beside_o their_o own_o universal_a wetness_n be_v full_a of_o spring_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o gather_v in_o they_o more_o water_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o drink_v in_o or_o contain_v do_v necessary_o send_v out_o the_o same_o in_o convenient_a place_n and_o so_o give_v a_o beginning_n unto_o rivulet_n and_o brook_n the_o three_o sort_n take_v their_o beginning_n out_o of_o certain_a small_a lough_n which_o brook_v ordinary_o be_v of_o a_o reasonable_a bigness_n and_o far_o surpass_v the_o other_o two_o sort_n although_o there_o do_v not_o want_v some_o even_o of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v very_o little_a and_o there_o be_v very_o few_o of_o any_o of_o these_o kind_n who_o come_v to_o any_o notable_a bigness_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v to_o be_v solitary_a and_o until_o have_v receive_v the_o water_n of_o several_a other_o brook_n do_v thereby_o grow_v more_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v in_o their_o first_o original_n these_o brook_n beside_o the_o great_a good_a they_o do_v the_o land_n in_o water_v the_o same_o &_o beside_o the_o commodity_n they_o afford_v of_o drench_a the_o cattle_n &_o other_o beast_n do_v also_o great_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n for_o another_o good_a use_n to_o wit_v the_o grind_n of_o their_o corn_n whereunto_o the_o windmill_n be_v very_o little_o use_v in_o ireland_n because_o they_o have_v the_o conveniency_n through_o the_o great_a number_n of_o brook_n to_o erect_v watermill_n in_o every_o quarter_n where_o it_o be_v necessary_a which_o bring_v a_o great_a profit_n to_o the_o owner_n be_v keep_v and_o maintain_v with_o less_o cost_n and_o labour_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o swell_a and_o overflow_n of_o the_o brook_n some_o of_o the_o brook_n do_v flow_v in_o a_o equal_a bigness_n all_o the_o year_n long_o without_o receive_v any_o notable_a increase_n or_o diminish_n but_o far_o the_o major_a part_n do_v change_v according_a to_o the_o wet_a or_o dry_a season_n of_o the_o yeâ—r_n and_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o come_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n or_o run_v through_o hilly_a country_n swell_v so_o excessive_o when_o any_o great_a rain_n do_v fall_v that_o they_o not_o only_o overflow_v the_o next_o low_a ground_n do_v many_o time_n great_a damage_n in_o they_o but_o also_o bring_v the_o wafer_v man_n into_o great_a distress_n for_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v very_o oft_o that_o a_o brook_n which_o ordinary_o be_v very_o shallow_a and_o still_o riseth_z so_o mighty_o through_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o rain_n water_n which_o from_o the_o next_o mountain_n and_o hill_n descend_v into_o it_o that_o a_o good_a horse_n can_v pass_v without_o swim_v where_o at_o other_o time_n a_o child_n easy_o may_v wade_v over_o and_o with_o that_o adundance_n of_o water_n be_v common_o join_v so_o strong_a and_o impetuous_a a_o current_n that_o man_n and_o horse_n be_v often_o carry_v away_o with_o it_o to_o their_o extreme_a danger_n and_o what_o soever_o we_o say_v herein_a of_o the_o brook_n be_v much_o more_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o river_n the_o which_o otherwise_o in_o convenient_a place_n or_o foard_n may_v be_v pass_v over_o wherein_o the_o aforesaid_a danger_n be_v great_a yet_o so_o that_o few_o year_n pass_v in_o ireland_n in_o the_o which_o some_o person_n be_v not_o drown_v in_o that_o fashion_n sect._n 6._o strange_a invention_n of_o a_o man_n to_o pass_v a_o brook_n great_o rise_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o rain_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o insert_v here_o a_o particular_a observe_v by_o a_o very_a credible_a and_o reverend_a person_n theophilus_n buckwort_n bishop_n of_o dremore_n the_o which_o he_o have_v several_a time_n relate_v to_o
be_v make_v to_o believe_v that_o st_n patrick_n by_o who_o the_o irish_a be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian-faith_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o nativity_n of_o christ_n have_v cause_v the_o same_o and_o obtain_v it_o of_o god_n by_o his_o prayer_n to_o convince_v the_o unbeliever_n of_o of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o of_o the_o torment_n which_o after_o this_o life_n be_v prepare_v for_o the_o wicked_a person_n wherefore_o also_o they_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o st_n patrick_n purgatory_n but_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o nothing_o of_o it_o be_v know_v in_o ireland_n during_o the_o life_n of_o that_o holy_a person_n nor_o in_o a_o huge_a while_n after_o it_o have_v be_v devise_v some_o age_n after_o his_o death_n when_o that_o the_o general_a darkness_n of_o the_o time_n minister_v a_o great_a opportunity_n of_o such_o like_a invention_n to_o those_o kind_n of_o man_n that_o know_v how_o to_o abuse_v the_o blind_a devotion_n of_o ignorant_a and_o superstitious_a people_n to_o their_o own_o profit_n and_o filthy_a lucre_n sect._n 7._o of_o the_o property_n of_o lough-neaugh_a of_o turn_v wood_n into_o stone_n before_o we_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o chapter_n we_o must_v say_v something_o of_o the_o wonderful_a property_n which_o general_o be_v ascribe_v to_o lough-neaugh_a of_o turn_v wood_n into_o stone_n whereunto_o some_o do_v add_v to_o double_v the_o wonder_n that_o the_o wood_n be_v turn_v not_o only_o into_o stone_n but_o into_o iron_n and_o that_o a_o branch_n or_o pole_n be_v stick_v into_o the_o ground_n somewhere_o by_o the_o side_n where_o it_o be_v not_o too_o deep_a after_o a_o certain_a space_n of_o time_n one_o shall_v find_v that_o piece_n of_o the_o stick_n which_o stick_v in_o the_o ground_n turn_v into_o iron_n and_o the_o middle_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o water_n into_o stone_n the_o upper-end_n which_o remain_v above_o the_o water_n keep_v its_o former_a nature_n but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o history_n i_o believe_v to_o be_v a_o fable_n for_o my_o brother_n who_o have_v be_v several_a time_n in_o place_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o that_o lough_n and_o who_o of_o the_o english_a there_o about_o inhabit_v have_v inquire_v this_o business_n with_o singular_a diligence_n do_v assure_v i_o that_o he_o never_o can_v learn_v any_o such_o thing_n but_o that_o the_o turn_n of_o wood_n into_o stone_n be_v by_o every_o one_o believe_v for_o certain_a as_o have_v be_v try_v divers_a time_n by_o several_a person_n say_v moreover_o to_o have_v understand_v of_o they_o that_o the_o water_n have_v this_o virtue_n only_o at_o the_o side_n and_o that_o not_o every_o where_o but_o only_o in_o some_o few_o place_n especial_o about_o that_o part_n where_o the_o river_n blackwater_n discharge_v herself_o into_o the_o lough_n he_o can_v never_o come_v to_o speak_v with_o any_o person_n who_o themselves_o have_v try_v this_o matter_n but_o with_o several_a who_o affirm_v that_o to_o their_o knowledge_n it_o have_v certain_o be_v do_v by_o other_o of_o their_o acquaintance_n for_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o particular_a which_o in_o itself_o be_v credible_a enough_o see_v that_o in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o world_n there_o be_v find_v water_n endue_v with_o that_o virtue_n serve_v that_o here_o and_o there_o upon_o the_o border_n of_o that_o lough_n be_v find_v little_a stone_n of_o a_o pretty_a length_n some_o of_o they_o round_o in_o their_o compass_n other_o flat_a or_o flattish_a and_o some_o angulous_a the_o which_o be_v look_v on_o as_o well_o near_o as_o from_o afar_o off_o seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o wood_n and_o by_o every_o one_o be_v take_v for_o such_o until_o one_o come_v to_o touch_v and_o handle_v they_o for_o then_o by_o their_o coldness_n hardness_n and_o weight_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o wood_n but_o stone_n whereby_o it_o may_v probable_o be_v conjecture_v that_o the_o same_o former_o have_v be_v wood_n indeed_o and_o so_o have_v keep_v their_o old_a shape_n and_o fashion_n in_o length_n of_o time_n have_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o stony_a substance_n by_o the_o virtue_n of_o that_o water_n wherinto_o they_o be_v fall_v through_o the_o one_o accident_n or_o other_o giraldus_n write_v to_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o well_o or_o fountain_n in_o the_o north-quarter_n of_o ulster_n the_o which_o in_o seven_o year_n space_n turn_v into_o stone_n the_o wood_n cast_v into_o it_o but_o see_v that_o no_o body_n now_o adays_o know_v of_o any_o such_o well_o and_o that_o with_o all_o my_o inquire_v i_o can_v never_o come_v to_o hear_v any_o news_n of_o it_o i_o will_v believe_v that_o giraldus_n have_v be_v misinform_v and_o that_o they_o have_v tell_v he_o that_o of_o a_o well_o which_o be_v proper_a unto_o this_o lough_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n both_o for_o the_o outward_a shape_n and_o for_o the_o internal_a quality_n and_o fruitfulness_n sect._n 1_o distinction_n of_o ireland_n into_o champain-land_n hill_n and_o mountain_n the_o land_n of_o this_o island_n as_o of_o most_o all_o other_o country_n be_v of_o a_o various_a kind_n &_o fashion_n for_o some_o part_n be_v goodly_a plain_a champain_n other_o be_v hilly_a some_o mountainous_a and_o other_o be_v compose_v of_o two_o of_o these_o sort_n or_o of_o all_o three_o together_o and_o that_o with_o great_a variety_n the_o which_o also_o be_v very_o great_a in_o those_o three_o un-compounded_n sort_n sect._n 2._o a_o necessary_a observation_n about_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n hill_n and_o mountain_n to_o avoid_v all_o ambiguity_n and_o make_v ourselves_o clear_o understand_v in_o what_o we_o have_v say_v and_o be_v further_a to_o say_v upon_o this_o subject_n we_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o forewarn_v our_o reader_n that_o we_o do_v use_v the_o word_n hill_n in_o a_o narrow_a signification_n than_o what_o be_v give_v to_o it_o in_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o speech_n for_o whereas_o all_o or_o most_o other_o language_n both_o those_o which_o be_v now_o in_o vulgar_a use_n and_o those_o which_o be_v only_o preserve_v in_o book_n have_v two_o several_a word_n for_o to_o signify_v those_o observable_a height_n which_o appear_v above_o the_o ground_n call_v the_o big_a sort_n by_o one_o name_n and_o the_o lesser_a sort_n by_o another_o the_o english_a language_n use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o word_n for_o both_o call_z hill_n aswell_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o without_o any_o other_o distinction_n but_o that_o sometime_o the_o word_n small_a or_o great_a be_v add_v now_o because_o this_o word_n so_o indifferent_o use_v will_v cause_v some_o confusion_n in_o the_o matter_n we_o treat_v of_o that_o have_v make_v we_o restrain_v it_o to_o one_o of_o the_o sort_n and_o to_o call_v hill_n only_o the_o lesser_a sort_n call_v in_o latin_a collis_fw-la in_o french_a colline_a in_o dutch_a heuvel_n and_o in_o irish_a knock_n as_o for_o the_o other_o and_o big_a sort_n who_o name_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a four_o language_n be_v mons_fw-la mountain_n berg_fw-mi slay_v we_o call_v they_o mountain_n which_o word_n mountain_n although_o it_o be_v good_a english_a yet_o in_o common_a speech_n it_o be_v seldom_o make_v use_n of_o in_o that_o sense_n whereunto_o we_o apply_v it_o but_o only_o to_o signify_v a_o country_n whole_o consist_v of_o those_o great_a hill_n especial_o when_o the_o soil_n thereof_o be_v lean_a and_o unfruitful_a sect._n 3_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o ireland_n and_o first_o of_o the_o low_a sort_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o hill_n and_o mountain_n consist_v in_o bigness_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o in_o the_o number_n of_o mountain_n be_v count_v not_o only_o those_o which_o lift_v up_o themselves_o very_o high_a into_o the_o air_n so_o as_o they_o may_v be_v see_v many_o mile_n off_o but_o also_o those_o the_o which_o take_v up_o the_o more_o in_o length_n and_o breadth_n what_o be_v want_v to_o they_o in_o height_n ascend_v slopin_o by_o degree_n the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o ireland_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o this_o second_o part_n of_o mountain_n most_o of_o they_o in_o one_o quarter_n be_v muchwhat_a of_o the_o same_o height_n so_o as_o sometime_o one_o shall_v ride_v some_o hour_n together_o through_o the_o mountainous_a country_n without_o meet_v with_o any_o one_o mountain_n that_o great_o excel_v in_o height_n above_o the_o rest_n the_o which_o in_o particular_a may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o the_o fuse_n betwixt_o dundalk_n and_o armagh_n in_o that_o of_o mourn_v betwixt_o the_o nurie_n and_o dondrom_n each_o of_o those_o two_o be_v above_o twelve_o mile_n long_o in_o all_o that_o space_n which_o be_v betwixt_o kelles_n a_o walled-town_n in_o the_o county_n of_o eastmeath_n and_o
kilacollie_a alias_o bailieborrough_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n which_o being_n ten_o mile_n long_o be_v almost_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o continuance_n of_o hill_n of_o no_o great_a bigness_n all_o very_a fruitful_a land_n both_o pasture_n and_o arable_a in_o the_o county_n of_o westmeath_n from_o lough-crew_n to_o lough-sillon_a and_o beyond_o it_o as_o far_o as_o ballaneach_v where_o mr_n william_n fleve_v have_v build_v a_o fair_a house_n and_o farm_n ten_o year_n before_o the_o late_a detestable_a massacre_n and_o bloody_a rebellion_n of_o the_o irish._n these_o hill_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n low_a and_o small_a yet_o some_o of_o a_o good_a height_n and_o bigness_n the_o ground_n lean_a in_o many_o place_n very_o stony_a in_o some_o rocky_a not_o of_o any_o one_o continual_a rock_n but-by_a peecemeal_n here_o and_o there_o rise_v and_o appear_v yet_o be_v these_o hill_n in_o several_a place_n wet_a and_o moorish_a aswell_o in_o the_o rocky_a as_o other_o part_n these_o hill_n serve_v only_o for_o pasture_n of_o sheep_n in_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wickloe_n the_o which_o beginning_n five_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n do_v extend_v itself_o above_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o several_a other_o part_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o many_o part_n of_o ireland_n but_o chief_o in_o the_o county_n of_o meath_z and_o further_a northward_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o great_a hill_n and_o mountain_n not_o only_o at_o the_o side_n and_o foot_n of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n the_o ground_n be_v uneven_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v plough_v in_o former_a time_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v affirm_v that_o their_o forefather_n be_v much_o give_v to_o tillage_n contrary_a to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o use_v to_o turn_v all_o to_o plow-land_n other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v for_o want_v of_o arable_a because_o the_o champain_n be_v most_o every_a where_o beset_v and_o over_o spread_v with_o wood_n which_o by_o degree_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o war_n they_o say_v further_o that_o in_o those_o time_n in_o place_n where_o nothing_o now_o be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o great_a log_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n there_o be_v thick_a wood_n which_o they_o collect_v from_o hence_o that_o now_o &_o then_o tree_n be_v dig_v out_o there_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n some_o yard_n long_o and_o some_o of_o a_o very_a great_a bigness_n and_o length_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o high_a sort_n of_o mountain_n in_o ireland_n as_o for_o those_o other_o mountain_n the_o which_o with_o a_o excessive_a height_n rise_v up_o towards_o the_o sky_n they_o be_v not_o very_o common_a in_o ireland_n and_o yet_o some_o there_o be_v which_o although_o not_o comparable_a with_o the_o pyrenaei_n lie_v between_o france_n and_o spain_n with_o the_o alps_n which_o divide_v italy_n from_o france_n and_o germany_n or_o with_o other_o mountain_n of_o the_o like_a vast_a height_n nevertheless_o may_v just_o be_v count_v among_o the_o lofty_a mountain_n of_o this_o number_n be_v the_o mountain_n of_o carlingford_n betwixt_o dundalke_n and_o carlingford_n the_o which_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n may_v easy_o be_v see_v from_o the_o mountain_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n the_o which_o be_v more_o than_o forty_o mile_n distant_a from_o they_o the_o mountain_n about_o lough_n suillie_n in_o the_o north-part_n of_o ulster_n the_o which_o may_v be_v see_v many_o mile_n off_o in_o the_o sea_n the_o curlews_n that_o sever_v the_o county_n of_o slego_n and_o roscoman_n in_o connaught_n the_o twelve_o mountain_n in_o the_o north-quarter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o tipperary_n in_o munster_n the_o which_o far_o exceed_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o twelve_o hill_n of_o phelimâ—ghe_a madonna_n knock-patrick_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o limmerick_n not_o far_o from_o the_o bay_n of_o limmerick_n which_o mountain_n can_v be_v seâ—n_v by_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v a_o huge-way_n from_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o mountain_n of_o brandon_n hill_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o smerwick_n the_o which_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o seafaring_a man_n when_o they_o be_v above_o fifty_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n in_o the_o northwest_n quarter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o waterford_n call_v slew-boine_a that_o in_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wickloe_n which_o for_o its_o fashion_n sake_n be_v common_o call_v the_o sugarloaf_n and_o may_v be_v see_v very_o many_o mile_n off_o not_o only_o by_o those_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n but_o even_o into_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o ireland_n and_o of_o the_o fruitful_a ground_n next_o to_o the_o foregoing_a division_n of_o ireland_n take_v from_o the_o fashion_n and_o outward_a form_n of_o the_o land_n come_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o which_o consist_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n or_o ground_n some_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v fruitful_a and_o other_o barren_a the_o fertile_a soil_n be_v in_o some_o place_n a_o blackish_a earth_n in_o other_o clay_n and_o in_o many_o part_n mix_v of_o both_o together_o as_o likewise_o there_o be_v sundry_a place_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v mix_v of_o earth_n and_o sand_n sand_n and_o clay_n gravel_n and_o clay_n or_o earth_n but_o the_o chalke-ground_n and_o red_a earth_n which_o both_o be_v very_o plentiful_a and_o common_a in_o many_o part_n of_o england_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n these_o ground_n differ_v among_o themselves_o in_o goodness_n and_o fatness_n not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n whereof_o they_o consist_v but_o also_o according_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mould_n or_o uppermost_a good_a crust_n &_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o it_o underneath_o for_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a soil_n if_o but_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o lie_v upon_o a_o stiffie_a clay_n or_o hard_a stone_n be_v not_o so_o fertile_a as_o a_o lean_a soil_n of_o great_a depth_n and_o lie_v upon_o sand_n or_o gravel_n through_o which_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n may_v descend_v and_o not_o stand_v still_o as_o upon_o the_o clay_n or_o stone_n make_v cold_a the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n of_o corn_n and_o so_o hurt_v the_o whole_a there_o be_v indeed_o some_o country_n in_o ireland_n where_o the_o ground_n underneath_o be_v nothing_o but_o stone_n and_o the_o good_a mould_n upon_o it_o but_o very_o thin_a it_o be_v nevertheless_o very_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n and_o bring_v sweet_a grass_n in_o great_a plenty_n so_o as_o sheep_n &_o other_o cattle_n do_v wonderful_a well_o thrive_v there_o which_o kind_n of_o land_n be_v very_o common_a in_o the_o county_n of_o galloway_n and_o in_o some_o other_o county_n of_o connaught_n as_o also_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o other_o province_n but_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v in_o those_o part_n because_o the_o stone_n whereon_o the_o mould_n do_v lie_v so_o thin_o be_v not_o freestone_n or_o any_o such_o cold_a material_a but_o limestone_n which_o do_v so_o warm_a the_o ground_n and_o give_v it_o so_o much_o strength_n that_o what_o it_o want_v in_o depth_n be_v thereby_o large_o recompense_v sect._n 6._o cause_n hinder_v the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o soil_n otherwise_o be_v not_o bad_a except_o in_o the_o case_n now_o by_o we_o declare_v neither_o corn_n nor_o grass_n will_v grow_v kind_o where_o the_o ground_n though_o otherwise_o good_a be_v not_o deep_a enough_o as_o also_o where_o it_o have_v a_o bad_a crust_n underneath_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o the_o grass_n do_v grow_v very_o thick_a and_o high_a the_o same_o nevertheless_o be_v so_o unfit_a for_o the_o food_n of_o beast_n that_o cow_n and_o sheep_n will_v hardly_o touch_v it_o especial_o if_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o better_a pasture_n first_o except_o that_o by_o extreme_a famine_n they_o be_v compel_v thereto_o and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o coarsness_n and_o sourness_n of_o the_o grass_n cause_v by_o the_o stand_n still_o of_o the_o water_n the_o which_o through_o the_o unfitness_n of_o the_o nether_a crust_n find_v not_o a_o free_a passage_n downward_o make_v cold_a the_o good_a mould_n and_o the_o crop_n and_o grass_n degenerate_a from_o its_o natural_a goodness_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o land_n in_o many_o part_n where_o otherwise_o the_o soil_n in_o itself_o will_v be_v fit_a enough_o to_o produce_v good_a wheat_n or_o barley_n will_v hardly_o bear_v any_o thing_n else_o but_o oat_n or_o rye_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o best_a as_o in_o other_o part_n the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o soil_n itself_o
and_o by_o the_o leanness_n thereof_o it_o come_v that_o nothing_o else_o but_o coarse_a grass_n and_o the_o worst_a kind_n of_o grain_n will_v grow_v there_o and_o unto_o these_o cause_n may_v be_v join_v another_o yet_o the_o overshaddow_a of_o high_a and_o steep_a mountain_n and_o hill_n whereby_o the_o side_n thereof_o and_o the_o land_n lie_v close_o under_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o free_a and_o seasonable_a access_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o so_o want_v convenient_a warmness_n can_v afford_v to_o the_o thing_n grow_v thereon_o such_o good_a and_o well-concocted_n nourishment_n as_o unto_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a sort_n of_o grain_n and_o grass_n be_v requisite_a sect._n 7._o ireland_n a_o very_a fruitful_a country_n especial_o for_o grass_n these_o defect_n be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o ireland_n but_o common_a to_o other_o country_n and_o nowise_o general_a in_o it_o but_o only_o here_o and_o there_o in_o distant_a part_n &_o where_o they_o be_v they_o may_v be_v amend_v by_o the_o mean_v fit_a &_o usual_a for_o that_o purpose_n whereof_o by-and-by_a we_o shall_v speak_v particular_o therefore_o they_o can_v hiâ—der_v that_o ireland_n shall_v not_o just_o be_v count_v among_o the_o fruitfull_a country_n of_o the_o world_n and_o although_o orosius_n who_o prefer_v it_o even_o before_o england_n in_o this_o particular_a hibernia_n soli_fw-la coelique_fw-la temperie_n magis_fw-la utilis_fw-la britanniâ_fw-la be_v his_o word_n go_v too_o far_o yet_o full_o true_a be_v the_o say_n of_o stanyhurst_n in_o the_o preface_n of_o his_o irish_a chronicle_n cum_fw-la hibernia_n coeli_fw-la salubritate_fw-la agrorum_fw-la fertilitate_fw-la ubertate_fw-la frugum_fw-la pastionis_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la armentorum_fw-la gregibus_fw-la confer_v paucas_fw-la anteferre_v nullas_fw-la valeas_fw-la that_o be_v with_o irelond_n for_o wholesomeness_n of_o air_n fruitfulness_n of_o land_n great_a store_n of_o corn_n abundance_n of_o pasture_n and_o numerousnes_n of_o cattle_n few_o country_n may_v be_v compare_v none_o prefer_v as_o also_o that_o of_o giraldus_n gleba_fw-la praepingui_fw-la uberique_a frugum_fw-la prâ—ventu_fw-la faelix_fw-la est_fw-la terra_fw-la et_fw-la foecunda_fw-la frugibus_fw-la arva_fw-la peccore_fw-la montes_fw-la that_o be_v this_o country_n be_v happy_a in_o very_o rich_a ground_n and_o plentiful_a increase_n of_o grain_n the_o field_n be_v fertile_a in_o corn_n and_o the_o mountain_n full_a of_o cattle_n but_o although_o ireland_n almost_o in_o every_o part_n where_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n apply_v itself_o thereto_o bring_v good_a corn_n plentiful_o nevertheless_o have_v it_o a_o more_o natural_a aptness_n for_o grass_n the_o which_o in_o most_o place_n it_o produce_v very_o good_a and_o plentiful_a of_o itself_o or_o with_o little_a help_n the_o which_o also_o have_v be_v well_o observe_v by_o giraldus_n who_o of_o this_o matter_n write_v thus_o pascuis_fw-la tamen_fw-la quam_fw-la frugibus_fw-la gramine_fw-la guam_fw-la grano_fw-la foecundior_fw-la est_fw-la insula_fw-la this_o island_n be_v fruitfull_a in_o grass_n and_o pasture_n than_o in_o corn_n anâ—_n grain_n and_o buchanan_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o history_n of_o scotland_n call_v the_o pasture-ground_n of_o ireland_n pascua_fw-la fere_n totius_fw-la europae_n uberrima_fw-la the_o fruitfull_a pasture_n ground_n of_o most_o all_o europe_n sect._n 8._o more_o of_o the_o plenty_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o irish_a pasture_n the_o abundance_n and_o greatness_n of_o pasture_n in_o ireland_n do_v appear_v by_o the_o numberless_a number_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n especial_o of_o cow_n and_o sheep_n wherewith_o this_o country_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n do_v swarm_n on_o all_o side_n whereof_o in_o another_o place_n shall_v be_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a and_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o same_o be_v hereby_o sufficient_o witness_v that_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n do_v thrive_v here_o as_o well_o in_o ireland_n and_o give_v as_o good_a milk_n butter_n &_o cheese_n with_o good_a handle_n as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o irish_a cow_n sheep_n and_o horse_n be_v of_o a_o very_a small_a size_n but_o that_o that_o do_v not_o come_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o nourishment_n and_o grass_n but_o through_o other_o more_o hide_a cause_n may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o goodly_a beast_n of_o the_o forename_a kind_n that_o be_v bring_v thither_o out_o of_o england_n the_o which_o not_o only_o in_o themselae_n but_o in_o all_o their_o breed_n do_v full_o keep_v their_o first_o largeness_n and_o goodness_n without_o any_o the_o least_o diminution_n in_o any_o respect_n so_o that_o before_o this_o last_o bloody_a rebellion_n the_o whole_a land_n in_o all_o part_n where_o the_o english_a do_v dwell_v or_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v be_v fill_v with_o as_o goodly_a beast_n both_o cow_n and_o sheep_n as_o any_o in_o england_n holland_n or_o other_o the_o best_a country_n of_o europe_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o those_o barbarian_n the_o natural_a inhabitant_n of_o ireland_n who_o not_o content_a to_o have_v murder_v or_o expel_v their_o english_a neighbour_n upon_o who_o with_o a_o unheard_a of_o and_o treacherous_a cruelty_n they_o fall_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o deep_a peace_n without_o any_o the_o least_o provocation_n endeavour_v quite_o to_o extinguish_v the_o memory_n of_o they_o and_o of_o all_o the_o civility_n and_o good_a thing_n by_o they_o introduce_v among_o that_o wild_a nation_n and_o consequent_o in_o most_o place_n they_o do_v not_o only_o demolish_v the_o house_n build_v by_o the_o english_a the_o garden_n and_o enclosure_n make_v by_o they_o the_o orchard_n and_o hedge_n by_o they_o plant_v but_o destroy_v whole_a drove_n and_o flock_n at_o once_o of_o english_a cow_n and_o sheep_n so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o able_a with_o all_o their_o unsatiable_a gluttony_n to_o devour_v the_o ten_o part_n thereof_o but_o let_v the_o rest_n lie_v rot_v and_o stink_v in_o the_o field_n the_o goodness_n of_o the_o pasture_n in_o ireland_n do_v further_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o both_o beef_n and_o mutton_n there_o as_o well_o that_o of_o the_o small_a irish_a as_o that_o of_o the_o large_a english_a breed_n in_o sweetness_n and_o savouriness_n do_v surpass_v the_o meat_n of_o england_n itself_o as_o all_o those_o who_o have_v try_v that_o must_v confess_v although_o england_n in_o this_o particular_a do_v surpass_v almost_o all_o the_o country_n of_o the_o world_n nevertheless_o the_o say_n of_o pomponius_n mela_n that_o the_o grass_n here_o be_v so_o rank_a and_o sweet_a that_o the_o cattle_n do_v burst_v if_o they_o be_v suffer_v to_o feed_v too_o jong_o wherefore_o they_o be_v fain_o every_o day_n to_o drive_v they_o betimes_o out_o of_o the_o pasture_n juverna_n adeo_fw-la luxuriosa_fw-la herbis_fw-la non_fw-la laeâ—is_fw-la modo_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la dulcibus_fw-la ut_fw-la se_fw-la exigua_fw-la parte_fw-la diei_fw-la pecora_fw-la impleant_fw-la &_o nisi_fw-la pabulo_fw-la prohibeantur_fw-la diuâ—ius_fw-la pasta_fw-la dissiliant_fw-la the_o which_o also_o have_v be_v repeat_v by_o solinus_n hibernia_n ita_fw-la pabulosa_fw-la ut_fw-la pecua_fw-la ibi_fw-la nisi_fw-la interdum_fw-la à _fw-la pascuis_fw-la arceantur_fw-la in_fw-la periculum_fw-la agate_n satias_fw-la that_o be_v ireland_n have_v such_o excellent_a pasture_n that_o cattle_n there_o be_v bring_v into_o danger_n of_o their_o life_n by_o over-feeding_a except_o now_o and_o then_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o field_n be_v a_o mere_a fable_n no_o way_n agreeable_a to_o the_o truth_n for_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n here_o as_o in_o other_o country_n be_v continual_o leave_v in_o the_o pasture_n day_n and_o night_n neither_o do_v they_o through_o their_o continual_a feed_n ever_o burst_v or_o come_v into_o any_o danger_n of_o burst_v chap._n xi_o of_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o manure_v and_o enrich_v the_o ground_n practise_v in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n the_o ground_n never_o need_v dung_v to_o amend_v the_o lean_a and_o faulty_a ground_n to_o enrich_v both_o they_o and_o the_o good_a one_o and_o to_o keep_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o heart_n in_o preserve_v they_o from_o be_v exhaust_v the_o dung_v of_o the_o ground_n be_v usual_a in_o ireland_n as_o in_o other_o country_n it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o approve_a author_n assure_v we_o in_o the_o island_n of_o zealand_n part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n the_o natural_a richness_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v such_o and_o so_o last_a as_o it_o need_v not_o the_o succour_n of_o any_o artificial_a help_n but_o be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o aye_o preserve_v its_o fertility_n without_o put_v the_o husbandman_n to_o the_o labour_n and_o cost_n of_o dung_v that_o likewise_o there_o be_v some_o part_n in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n in_o ireland_n where_o very_o credible_a personâ—_n have_v assure_v i_o of_o their_o own_o knowledge_n that_o the_o land_n never_o need_v any_o
short_a time_n the_o use_n thereof_o grow_v very_o common_a among_o they_o so_o as_o many_o of_o â—hem_n ever_o after_o use_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o dung_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o having_n first_o plough_v their_o field_n they_o carry_v the_o lime_n on_o they_o and_o lay_v it_o in_o many_o small_a heap_n leave_v a_o convenient_a distance_n between_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o use_v to_o be_v do_v with_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n and_o have_v let_v they_o lie_v for_o some_o month_n they_o plough_v the_o land_n again_o to_o convey_v the_o lime_n into_o the_o ground_n this_o make_v it_o so_o rich_a that_o in_o a_o great_a while_n after_o nothing_o else_o need_v to_o be_v do_v to_o it_o but_o to_o let_v the_o land_n at_o a_o certain_a revolution_n of_o time_n lie_v fallow_a no_o other_o manure_v at_o all_o be_v requisite_a for_o some_o year_n after_o and_o all_o that_o while_o the_o land_n be_v very_o fruitful_a more_o than_o it_o can_v have_v be_v make_v with_o any_o ordinary_a dung_n and_o very_o free_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o bad_a herb_n and_o weed_n especial_o for_o the_o first_o year_n bring_v corn_n with_o much_o thin_a husk_n than_o that_o grow_n upon_o other_o land_n they_o find_v that_o the_o lime_n carry_v upon_o the_o land_n hot_a out_o of_o the_o kiln_n do_v more_o good_a in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a particular_n than_o when_o they_o let_v it_o grow_v cold_a first_o and_o this_o they_o can_v do_v very_o easy_o because_o limestone_n be_v very_o plentiful_a in_o that_o county_n especial_o in_o the_o town_n of_o monrath_n where_o there_o be_v a_o whole_a hill_n of_o that_o stone_n of_o that_o bigness_n that_o if_o all_o the_o adjacent_a country_n do_v continual_o fetch_v it_o from_o thence_o for_o the_o forename_a use_n it_o will_v for_o ever_o hold_v out_o sufficient_o the_o land_n thus_o manure_v and_o improve_v by_o lime_n show_v its_o fruitfulness_n not_o only_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n but_o even_o in_o the_o first_o except_o the_o lime_n have_v be_v lay_v on_o in_o undue_a proportion_n and_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o be_v requisite_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o lime_n burn_v the_o corn_n and_o the_o first_o year_n crop_n be_v thereby_o spoil_v in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o land_n be_v not_o cold_a and_o moist_a enough_o to_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v mere_a lime_n they_o mix_v the_o lime_n with_o earth_n dig_v out_o of_o pit_n and_o let_v that_o stuff_n lie_v a_o mellow_n in_o great_a heap_n for_o some_o month_n together_o and_o afterward_o carry_v it_o on_o the_o land_n and_o manure_v that_o therewith_o sect._n 7._o a_o remarkable_a history_n concern_v the_o excellency_n of_o lime_n for_o the_o inricheng_fw-mi of_o the_o ground_n how_o incredible_o the_o land_n be_v enrich_v by_o this_o kind_n of_o manure_v may_v be_v gather_v by_o the_o ensue_a particular_a the_o whole_a lordship_n of_o mounrath_n be_v thirty_o year_n ago_o set_v by_o one_o mr._n downing_n who_o it_o be_v and_o who_o afterward_o sell_v it_o to_o sir_n charles_n coot_n for_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a by_o the_o year_n and_o nevertheless_o after_o a_o while_n the_o farmer_n surrender_v it_o unto_o he_o complain_v that_o they_o can_v not_o live_v by_o it_o but_o be_v quite_o impoverish_v where_o as_o they_o who_o farm_a it_o next_o after_o they_o be_v people_n new_o come_v out_o of_o england_n &_o give_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n stâ—rling_v for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o live_v very_o free_o upon_o it_o yea_o grow_v rich_a and_o wealthy_a but_o withal_o do_v so_o far_o forth_o improve_v the_o land_n partly_o indeed_o with_o building_n plaut_a hedge_v and_o the_o like_a but_o chief_o by_o this_o kind_n of_o manue_v that_o â—t_a the_o time_n when_o this_o last_o horrible_a rebellion_n break_v forth_o the_o same_o lordship_n if_o it_o have_v be_v to_o let_v out_o then_o mighe_o have_v be_v let_v for_o five_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n as_o it_o have_v be_v assure_v i_o by_o some_o who_o themselves_o have_v be_v farmer_n of_o that_o land_n sect._n 8._o another_o history_n show_v the_o efficacy_n of_o lime_n in_o this_o particular_a before_o we_o give_v over_o this_o discourse_n of_o lime_n we_o shall_v add_v to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o that_o in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n where_o this_o manure_n with_o lime_n be_v not_o use_v nor_o know_v the_o virtue_n of_o lime_n in_o this_o particular_a have_v be_v find_v out_o by_o mere_a chance_n for_o some_o person_n know_v to_o i_o who_o live_v but_o a_o few_o mile_n from_o dublin_n have_v understand_v that_o the_o crow_n wherewith_o they_o be_v much_o plague_v and_o who_o do_v use_v to_o make_v very_o great_a spoil_n of_o their_o grain_n will_v not_o touch_v the_o corn_n wherewith_o the_o lime_n be_v mix_v do_v cause_n unslake_v lime_n to_o be_v mingle_v with_o water_n make_v it_o as_o thin_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v for_o the_o whiten_n of_o wall_n and_o very_o well_o bespringle_v the_o corn_n therewith_o before_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o field_n to_o be_v sow_v and_o that_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o corn_n lie_v on_o a_o heap_n one_o turn_v it_o with_o both_o hand_n while_o another_o sprinkle_v on_o the_o foresaid_a stuff_n do_v so_o until_o the_o whole_a heap_n be_v thorough_o besprinkle_v at_o other_o time_n they_o mingle_v dry_a lime_n with_o the_o corn_n and_o afterward_o besprinkle_v the_o whole_a heap_n with_o fair_a water_n through_o and_o through_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o hereby_o they_o do_v not_o only_o obtain_v the_o aforesaid_a end_n of_o preserve_v the_o corn_n from_o the_o crow_n but_o have_v thereby_o a_o fair_a and_o better_a crop_n than_o ever_o before_o their_o land_n have_v produce_v sect._n 9_o of_o seasand_n lime_n be_v much_o use_v in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n as_o in_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n so_o for_o to_o manure_v the_o ground_n withal_o where_o the_o seasand_n likewise_o be_v great_o use_v to_o the_o same_o end_n not_o only_o in_o place_n lie_v on_o the_o seaside_n but_o even_o ten_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n whether_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o some_o place_n by_o boat_n and_o in_o other_o upon_o cart_n the_o charge_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o the_o proâ—it_n come_v from_o it_o for_o they_o use_v it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o upon_o very_o poor_a land_n consist_v of_o cold_a clay_n and_o that_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n deep_a which_o land_n have_v be_v three_o or_o fâ—ur_n time_n plough_v &_o harrow_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v usual_a to_o be_v do_v with_o fallow_a the_o sand_n be_v straw_v all_o over_o very_o thin_o a_o little_a before_o the_o sow_a time_n the_o which_o be_v do_v that_o land_n bring_v very_o good_a corn_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o only_a rye_n and_o oates_n but_o even_o barley_n and_o wheat_n three_o year_n one_o after_o another_o and_o have_v lyen_fw-we fallow_a the_o four_o year_n for_o many_o year_n after_o it_o produce_v very_o clean_a and_o sweet_a grass_n whereas_o former_o and_o before_o it_o be_v thus_o manure_v it_o produce_v nothing_o but_o moss_n heath_n and_o short_a low_a furze_n which_o herb_n be_v fire_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o ground_n stub_a before_o it_o be_v plough_v the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v not_o any_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o seasand_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o particular_a place_n which_o be_v use_v for_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o which_o every_o where_o lie_v on_o the_o strand_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o manure_v the_o land_n with_o seasand_n be_v very_o common_a in_o the_o two_o most_o westerly_a shire_n of_o england_n cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n from_o whence_o those_o who_o first_o practise_v it_o in_o ireland_n seem_v to_o have_v learn_v it_o sect._n 10._o of_o brine_n or_o pickle_n the_o goodness_n of_o the_o seasand_n consist_v chief_o in_o its_o saltness_n for_o which_o reason_n pickle_v itself_o be_v very_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o several_a english_a dwelling_n about_o the_o band_n and_o colrain_n that_o be_v farmer_n of_o the_o salmon-fishing_a there_o who_o use_v every_o year_n careful_o to_o keep_v the_o soul_n pikle_n come_v of_o the_o salmon_n at_o their_o repack_n and_o have_v pour_v it_o among_o the_o ordinary_a dung_n of_o cattle_n and_o straw_n they_o do_v let_v they_o lie_v a_o good_a while_o a_o mellow_n together_o hereby_o it_o be_v great_o strengthen_v and_o enrich_v so_o that_o the_o land_n be_v dung_v with_o it_o do_v bear_v much_o better_a and_o rich_a crop_n than_o that_o which_o be_v manure_v only_o with_o common_a dung_n without_o the_o mixture_n of_o it_o chap._n xii_o sect._n 1_o of_o
the_o same_o again_o by_o any_o mean_n whatsoever_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o heath_n and_o moor_n or_o bog_n in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o moory_n or_o boggy-heath_n have_v speak_v of_o the_o fruitful_a land_n of_o ireland_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o treat_v of_o those_o which_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o bring_n of_o corn_n or_o feed_v of_o cattle_n some_o be_v such_o for_o want_v of_o good_a soil_n and_o other_o through_o superfluous_a moisture_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o place_n where_o the_o ground_n consist_v of_o mere_a rock_n sand_n or_o earth_n natural_o unfruitful_a have_v no_o good_a mould_n at_o the_o top_n sufficient_a for_o corn_n or_o grass_n to_o root_n and_o to_o draw_v convenient_a nourishment_n out_o of_o it_o the_o ground_n be_v bare_a or_o overgrow_v only_o with_o moss_n heath_n furze_n brake_n thorn_n rush_n and_o the_o like_a the_o place_n who_o ground_n be_v bare_a be_v nothing_o frequent_a nor_o of_o any_o great_a bigness_n in_o ireland_n and_o rather_o on_o the_o seaside_n than_o within_o the_o land_n but_o the_o other_o be_v very_o common_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o only_o in_o the_o mountain_n many_o whereof_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o also_o in_o the_o hilly-quarter_n the_o plain-country_n and_o in_o many_o place_n of_o great_a extent_n take_v up_o some_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n most_o of_o these_o waste_v in_o the_o plain-country_n and_o valley_n as_o also_o some_o on_o the_o mountain_n and_o hill_n be_v moory_n and_o boggy_a fit_a for_o to_o dig_v turf_n out_o to_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o place_n where_o other_o fuel_n be_v want_v so_o that_o these_o part_n of_o land_n although_o barren_a and_o produce_v no_o kind_n of_o thing_n for_o the_o food_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n may_v not_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o which_o be_v altogether_o unprofitable_a be_v of_o good_a use_n in_o the_o part_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o can_v have_v no_o sea-coal_n and_o where_o wood_n be_v want_v nor_o well_o live_v some_o of_o these_o dry_a or_o red_a bog_n as_o common_o they_o be_v call_v the_o first_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o whereof_o present_o shall_v be_v speak_v the_o other_o because_o the_o earth_n in_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v red_a and_o overgrow_v with_o mosâ—_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n be_v in_o some_o part_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n instance_n that_o by_o the_o shanon-side_n begin_v hard_o by_o atlone_a and_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n down_o towards_o limmerick_n which_o be_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n broad_a in_o most_o part_n be_v say_v to_o be_v upward_o of_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o dry_a heath_n there_o be_v some_o dry_a heath_n in_o ireland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o the_o mountain_n and_o very_o few_o in_o the_o plain_a country_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o england_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o netherlands_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n those_o heath_n on_o plain_a ground_n be_v very_o common_a in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o many_o of_o they_o of_o a_o great_a extent_n have_v very_o many_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o where_o any_o such_o dry_a heath_n be_v in_o ireland_n the_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v not_o altogether_o barren_a but_o grassy_a between_o and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o heath_n so_o as_o the_o heath_n be_v burn_v a_o thing_n much_o use_v in_o ireland_n both_o by_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a the_o land_n bring_v reasonable_a good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n fit_a for_o sheep_n to_o feed_v on_o and_o with_o a_o little_a extraordinary_a labour_n and_o cost_v bring_v to_o bear_v corn_n other_o of_o these_o heath_n be_v grassy_a have_v the_o grass_n grow_v not_o all_o over_o among_o the_o heath_n but_o in_o space_n by_o itself_o as_o upon_o the_o heath_n between_o the_o town_n of_o kildare_n and_o the_o liffie_a which_o be_v famous_a over_o all_o ireland_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o currogh_n of_o kildare_n be_v a_o hilly_a ground_n at_o its_o high_a near_o the_o say_a town_n from_o thence_o towards_o the_o liffie_a descend_v by_o degree_n about_o three_o mile_n long_o and_o two_o or_o three_o broad_a divide_v into_o row_n of_o heath_n and_o grass_n which_o be_v of_o no_o great_a breadth_n and_o many_o in_o number_n do_v lie_v by_o the_o â—ide_v one_o of_o another_o throughout_o the_o whole_a earth_n each_o of_o those_o row_n extend_v it_o self_n in_o length_n from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o currogh_n to_o the_o other_o the_o row_n of_o heath_n be_v about_o a_o stone_n cast_v over_o in_o some_o place_n in_o some_o more_o in_o other_o less_o but_o those_o of_o grass_n a_o good_a deal_n narrow_a than_o the_o other_o be_v always_o alike_o green_a and_o dry_a in_o the_o winter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o summer_n and_o clothe_v with_o short_a grass_n but_o very_o sweet_a and_o good_a very_o convenient_a for_o sheep_n to_o feed_v on_o of_o the_o which_o always_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n a_o very_a great_a number_n be_v graze_v here_o the_o whole_a currogh_n be_v a_o commons_o sect._n 3_o of_o the_o wet_a bog_n the_o place_n barren_a through_o superfluous_a moisture_n be_v bog_n call_v by_o the_o irish_a moon_n whereof_o ireland_n be_v full_a there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o different_a sort_n of_o they_o grassy_a watery_a muddy_a and_o hassocky_a as_o appear_v more_o large_o by_o the_o follow_a description_n but_o the_o english_a irish_a have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o bogs_n not_o only_o to_o the_o wet_a of_o which_o we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v but_o aswell_o to_o the_o turf_n moor_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o except_v the_o red_a bog_n which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v firm_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o man_n or_o unshod_a nag_n go_v over_o it_o but_o be_v not_o for_o any_o great_a weight_n but_o we_o shall_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n speak_v in_o order_n of_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o wet_a bgg_n which_o above_o we_o have_v mention_v and_o afterward_o in_o its_o due_a place_n treat_v of_o the_o turf_n and_o red_a moor_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o grassy_a bog_n the_o grassy_a bog_n be_v all_o over_o cover_v with_o grass_n look_v fair_a and_o pleasant_a as_o if_o they_o be_v dry_a ground_n and_o goodly_a meadow_n whereby_o many_o who_o not_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o place_n and_o because_o of_o the_o greeness_n suspect_v no_o evil_a go_v into_o they_o to_o their_o great_a trouble_n and_o many_o time_n to_o the_o extreme_a danger_n of_o their_o life_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o spungy_a can_v bear_v no_o weight_n but_o as_o well_o man_n as_o beast_n assoon_o as_o they_o set_v foot_n on_o it_o do_v sink_v to_o the_o ground_n some_o knee_n deep_a other_o to_o the_o waist_n and_o many_o over_o head_n and_o ear_n for_o all_o or_o most_o bog_n in_o ireland_n have_v underneath_o a_o hard_a and_o firm_a gravel_n be_v not_o of_o a_o equal_a depth_n which_o in_o some_o be_v only_o of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n in_o other_o five_o six_o or_o more_o in_o somuch_o that_o those_o who_o fall_v into_o the_o deep_a place_n of_o these_o bog_n can_v hardly_o escape_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v perish_v be_v pitiful_o smother_v some_o of_o these_o bog_n do_v so_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n that_o they_o may_v be_v pass_v without_o danger_n the_o which_o in_o particular_a fall_v out_o in_o the_o great_a mountain_n in_o munster_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n call_v slew-logh_a upon_o which_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n do_v graze_v the_o summer_n long_o be_v every_o where_o full_a of_o good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n knee_n deep_a in_o most_o place_n whereof_o not_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v eat_v for_o if_o all_o the_o cattle_n of_o that_o province_n be_v drive_v thither_o and_o leave_v all_o the_o summer_n upon_o the_o place_n it_o will_v hardly_o be_v consume_v the_o rest_n be_v spoil_v when_o the_o wet_a weather_n come_v in_o and_o stay_v the_o rain-water_n from_o descend_v through_o which_o the_o ground_n rot_v in_o that_o manner_n that_o all_o winter_n long_v it_o be_v unpassable_a for_o man_n and_o beast_n but_o the_o deep_a bog_n be_v unpassable_a in_o the_o summer_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o winter_n yet_o most_o of_o they_o have_v firm_a place_n in_o narrow_a path_n &_o in_o some_o large_a parcel_n by_o the_o mean_n whereof_o those_o unto_o who_o they_o be_v know_v can_v cross_v they_o from_o one_o side_n to_o another_o where_o other_o who_o be_v not_o use_v to_o they_o do_v not_o know_v in_o what_o part_n to_o set_v one_o step_n in_o which_o
our_o saviour_n a_o eleven_o hundred_o seventy_o and_o one_o but_o the_o english_a have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o land_n do_v by_o degree_n great_o diminish_v the_o wood_n in_o all_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v master_n partly_o to_o deprive_v the_o thief_n and_o rogue_n who_o use_v to_o lurk_v in_o the_o wood_n in_o great_a number_n of_o their_o refuge_n and_o startinghole_n and_o partly_o to_o gain_v the_o great_a scope_n of_o profitable_a land_n for_o the_o tree_n be_v cut_v down_o the_o root_n stub_a up_o and_o the_o land_n use_v and_o till_v according_a to_o exigency_n the_o wood_n in_o most_o part_n of_o ireland_n may_v be_v reduce_v not_o only_o to_o very_o good_a pasture_n but_o also_o to_o excellent_a arable_a and_o meadow_n through_o these_o two_o cause_n it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v in_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n yea_o of_o some_o age_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o the_o english_a find_v in_o ireland_n at_o their_o first_o arrival_n there_o be_v quite_o destroy_v so_o as_o nothing_o at_o all_o remain_v of_o they_o at_o this_o time_n sect._n 3_o diminish_v of_o the_o wood_n during_o the_o last_o peace_n and_o even_o since_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o last_o great_a rebellion_n of_o the_o irish_a before_o this_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o tirone_n overthrow_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o her_o viceroy_n sir_n charles_n blunt_n lord_n mountjoy_n and_o afterward_o earl_n of_o devonshire_n and_o during_o this_o last_o peace_n of_o about_o forty_o year_n the_o long_a that_o ireland_n ever_o enjoy_v both_o before_o and_o since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o english_a the_o remain_a wood_n have_v very_o much_o be_v diminish_v and_o in_o sundry_a place_n quite_o destroy_v partly_o for_o the_o reason_n last_o mention_v and_o partly_o for_o the_o wood_n and_o timber_n itself_o not_o for_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o building_n and_o fire_v the_o which_o ever_o have_v be_v afoot_o be_v not_o very_o considerable_a in_o regard_n of_o what_o now_o we_o speak_v of_o but_o to_o make_v merchandise_n of_o and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o charcoal_n for_o the_o ironwork_n as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v that_o great_a timber_n have_v ever_o be_v use_v to_o be_v send_v out_o of_o ireland_n in_o any_o great_a quantity_n nor_o in_o any_o ordinary_a way_n of_o traffic_n but_o only_a pipe-stave_n and_o the_o like_a of_o which_o good_a store_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v make_v and_o send_v out_o of_o the_o land_n even_o in_o former_a time_n but_o never_o in_o that_o vast_a quantity_n nor_o so_o constant_o as_o of_o late_a year_n and_o during_o the_o last_o peace_n wherein_o it_o be_v grow_v one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a merchandable_a commodity_n of_o the_o country_n so_o as_o a_o mighty_a trade_n be_v drive_v in_o they_o and_o whole_a ship-loads_a send_v into_o foreign_a country_n yearly_a which_o as_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o the_o proprietary_n so_o the_o fell_n of_o so_o many_o thousand_o of_o tree_n every_o year_n as_o be_v employ_v that_o way_n do_v make_v a_o great_a destruction_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o tract_n of_o time_n as_o for_o the_o charcoal_n it_o be_v incredible_a what_o quantity_n thereof_o be_v consume_v by_o one_o ironwork_n in_o a_o year_n and_o whereas_o there_o be_v never_o a_o ironwork_n in_o ireland_n before_o there_o have_v be_v a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o they_o erect_v since_o the_o last_o peace_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o every_o province_n the_o which_o to_o furnish_v constant_o with_o charcoal_n it_o be_v necessary_a from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o fell_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o tree_n all_o the_o loping_n and_o windfall_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o it_o in_o the_o least_o manner_n sect._n 4._o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n very_o bare_a of_o wood_n at_o this_o time_n through_o the_o aforesaid_a cause_n ireland_n have_v be_v make_v so_o bare_a of_o wood_n in_o many_o part_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o only_o want_v wood_n for_o fire_v be_v therefore_o constrain_v to_o make_v shift_n with_o turf_n or_o sea-coal_n where_o they_o be_v not_o too_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n but_o even_o timber_n for_o building_n so_o as_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o fetch_v it_o a_o good_a way_n off_o to_o their_o great_a charge_n especial_o in_o place_n where_o it_o must_v be_v bring_v by_o land_n and_o in_o some_o part_n you_o many_o travel_n whole_a day_n long_o without_o see_v any_o wood_n or_o tree_n except_o a_o few_o about_o gentleman_n house_n as_o namely_o from_o dublin_n and_o from_o place_n that_o be_v some_o mile_n further_o to_o the_o south_n of_o it_o to_z tredagh_o dundalk_v the_o nurie_n and_o as_o far_o as_o dremore_n in_o which_o whole_a extent_n of_o land_n be_v above_o threescore_o mile_n one_o do_v not_o come_v near_o any_o wood_n worth_a the_o speak_n of_o and_o in_o some_o part_n thereof_o you_o shall_v not_o see_v so_o much_o as_o one_o tree_n in_o many_o mile_n for_o the_o great_a wood_n which_o the_o map_n do_v represent_v unto_o we_o upon_o the_o mountain_n between_o dundalk_n and_o the_o nury_n be_v quite_o vanish_v there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v of_o they_o these_o many_o year_n since_o but_o one_o only_a tree_n stand_v close_o by_o the_o highway_n at_o the_o very_a top_n of_o one_o of_o the_o mountain_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o and_o therefore_o serve_v traveller_n for_o a_o mark_n section_n 5._o many_o great_a wood_n still_o leave_v in_o ireland_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a destruction_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o ireland_n occasion_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a cause_n there_o be_v still_o sundry_a great_a wood_n remain_v and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o other_o province_n but_o even_o in_o leinster_n itself_o for_o the_o county_n of_o wickloe_n kings-county_n and_o queens-county_n all_o three_o in_o that_o province_n be_v throughout_o full_a of_o wood_n some_o whereof_o be_v many_o mile_n long_o and_o broad_a and_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n and_o carloe_n be_v likewise_o great_o furnish_v with_o they_o in_o ulster_n there_o be_v great_a forest_n in_o the_o county_n of_o donegall_a and_o in_o the_o north-part_n of_o tirone_n in_o the_o country_n call_v glankankin_n also_o in_o the_o county_n of_o fermanagh_n along_o lough-earne_a in_o the_o county_n of_o antrim_n and_o in_o the_o north-part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o down_o in_o the_o two_o country_n call_v killulta_fw-la and_o kilwarlin_n beside_o several_a other_o lesser_a wood_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o that_o province_n but_o the_o county_n of_o louth_n and_o far_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o down_o armagh_n monaghan_n and_o cavan_n all_o in_o the_o same_o province_n of_o ulster_n be_v almost_o every_o where_o bare_a not_o only_o of_o wood_n but_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n even_o in_o place_n which_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o present_a age_n in_o the_o war_n with_o tirone_n be_v encumber_a with_o great_a and_o thick_a forest_n in_o munster_n where_o the_o english_a especial_o the_o earl_n of_o cork_n have_v make_v great_a havoc_n of_o the_o wood_n during_o the_o last_o peace_n there_o be_v still_o sundry_a great_a forest_n remain_v in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n and_o of_o tipperary_n and_o even_o in_o the_o county_n of_o cork_n where_o the_o great_a destruction_n thereof_o have_v be_v make_v some_o great_a wood_n be_v yet_o remain_v there_o be_v also_o store_n of_o scatter_a wood_n both_o in_o that_o county_n and_o all_o the_o province_n over_o connaught_n be_v well_o store_v with_o tree_n in_o most_o part_n but_o have_v very_o few_o forest_n or_o great_a wood_n except_o in_o the_o county_n of_o maio_n and_o sligo_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o mine_n in_o ireland_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o iron-mine_n sect._n 1_o all_o the_o mine_n in_o ireland_n discover_v by_o the_o new-english_a the_o old-english_a in_o ireland_n that_o be_v those_o who_o be_v come_v in_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o conquest_n until_o the_o beginning_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n have_v be_v so_o plague_v with_o war_n from_o time_n to_o time_n one_o while_o intestine_a among_o themselves_o and_o another_o while_n with_o the_o irish_a that_o they_o can_v scarce_o ever_o find_v the_o opportunity_n of_o seek_v for_o mine_n and_o search_v out_o the_o metal_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o irish_a themselves_o as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o barbarous_a nation_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v at_o all_o time_n be_v so_o far_o from_o seek_v out_o any_o that_o even_o in_o these_o last_o year_n and_o since_o the_o english_a have_v begin_v to_o discover_v some_o none_o of_o they_o all_o great_a nor_o small_a
the_o ordure_n of_o the_o street_n be_v under_o ground_n convey_v into_o the_o city_n ditch_n pass_v under_o the_o yard_n wherein_a the_o say_v well_o dam_v up_o since_o this_o sad_a accident_n do_v stand_v so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o believe_v that_o that_o deadly_a infection_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o same_o well_o have_v partly_o be_v cause_v through_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o same_o sewer_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o freestone_n marble_n flint_n slate_n and_o seacoles_n which_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o freestone_n have_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n treat_v of_o the_o metal_n and_o mineral_n which_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n we_o shall_v now_o go_v on_o to_o speak_v of_o several_a other_o substance_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n there_o of_o a_o less_o noble_a nature_n but_o nevertheless_o profitable_a and_o serve_v for_o several_a good_a use_n to_o begin_v with_o freestone_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o it_o the_o one_o be_v gray_a or_o ash-coloured_a and_o the_o other_o blue_a which_o both_o for_o the_o most_o part_n lie_v in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n cover_v over_o with_o very_o little_a earth_n be_v raise_v with_o small_a labour_n and_o charge_n whereas_o in_o most_o other_o country_n it_o be_v as_o much_o labour_n to_o dig_v freestone_n as_o the_o metal_n themselves_o the_o blue_a freestone_n be_v not_o very_o abundant_a and_o as_o little_a in_o request_n as_o unfit_a for_o great_a building_n it_o lie_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o small_a unshape_o piece_n and_o when_o they_o be_v big_a common_o break_v in_o the_o raise_n and_o hew_v partly_o through_o the_o unskilfullness_n of_o the_o workman_n there_o and_o chief_o because_o they_o be_v exceed_o hard_a and_o can_v well_o endure_v the_o iron_n the_o gray_a freestone_n which_o be_v find_v very_o abundant_o in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n and_o may_v easy_o be_v cut_v out_o into_o stone_n of_o all_o bigness_n or_o fashion_n wherefore_o also_o this_o sort_n have_v be_v use_v by_o the_o english_a to_o all_o the_o church_n castle_n and_o edifice_n which_o since_o the_o conquest_n have_v be_v build_v by_o they_o for_o the_o irish_a themselves_o never_o have_v the_o skill_n nor_o industry_n to_o erect_v any_o considerable_a building_n of_o freestone_n brick_n or_o other_o the_o like_a material_n their_o dwelling_n be_v very_o poor_a and_o contemptible_a cottage_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o english_a at_o their_o first_o come_v find_v several_a maritine-towne_n in_o ireland_n with_o stonewall_n and_o house_n the_o church_n also_o not_o only_o in_o those_o but_o in_o many_o other_o town_n be_v of_o the_o same_o but_o build_v by_o stranger_n who_o be_v come_v out_o of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n have_v settle_v themselves_o there_o inhabit_v several_a part_n of_o the_o seacoast_n some_o age_n before_o the_o english-conquest_n which_o people_n call_v themselves_o oastman_n or_o easterling_n all_o those_o country_n of_o the_o which_o they_o be_v come_v be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 2._o certain_a evil_a property_n of_o the_o irish_a freestone_n this_o sort_n of_o grey_a freestone_n in_o ireland_n have_v a_o bad_a quality_n that_o it_o draw_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n continual_o to_o it_o and_o so_o become_v dank_a and_o wet_a both_o in_o and_o outside_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o much_o rain_n to_o mend_v this_o inconvenience_n the_o english_a do_v wainscot_n those_o wall_n with_o oak_n or_o other_o board_n or_o line_v they_o with_o a_o thin_a crust_n of_o brick_n sect_n 3._o of_o the_o marble_n beside_o the_o freestone_n which_o be_v almost_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n there_o be_v marble_n find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o several_a sort_n one_o be_v red_a streak_v with_o white_a and_o other_o colour_n such_o as_o with_o a_o peculiar_a name_n be_v call_v porphyre_n other_o black_a very_o curious_o streak_v with_o white_a and_o some_o all_o of_o one_o colour_n the_o first_o two_o sort_n be_v find_v but_o in_o small_a quantity_n especial_o the_o second_o but_o the_o last_o be_v very_o abundant_a in_o some_o place_n but_o most_o about_o kilkenny_n where_o not_o only_o many_o house_n be_v build_v of_o the_o same_o but_o whole_a street_n be_v pave_v with_o it_o sect._n 4._o description_n of_o the_o marble-quarrie_n at_o kilkenny_n the_o quarry_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v their_o marble_n at_o kilkenney_n be_v not_o above_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o town_n and_o belong_v to_o no_o body_n in_o particular_a lie_v in_o common_a for_o all_o the_o townsman_n who_o at_o any_o time_n may_v fetch_v as_o much_o out_o of_o it_o as_o seem_v good_a unto_o they_o without_o pay_v any_o thing_n for_o it_o it_o be_v in_o fashion_n like_o unto_o quarry_n of_o freestone_n to_o wit_n a_o wide_a open_a pit_n whereout_o stone_n and_o pillar_n of_o great_a thickness_n and_o height_n may_v be_v dig_v this_o marble_n whilst_o it_o be_v rude_a and_o as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n look_v grayish_a but_o be_v polish_v it_o get_v a_o fine_a bluish_a colour_n draw_v somewhat_o towards_o the_o black_a sect._n 5._o of_o the_o flint_n although_o flint_n be_v not_o dig_v from_o under_o the_o ground_n yet_o shall_v we_o give_v they_o a_o place_n next_o to_o the_o freestone_n and_o marble_n because_o of_o the_o affinity_n which_o they_o have_v with_o they_o they_o be_v find_v in_o every_o part_n of_o ireland_n in_o great_a abundance_n near_o the_o seaside_n within_o the_o land_n upon_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n and_o in_o the_o river_n many_o of_o which_o have_v not_o only_o their_o bank_n cover_v with_o they_o but_o also_o the_o bottom_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o that_o for_o great_a space_n together_o which_o as_o they_o be_v oâ—_n all_o size_n and_o fashion_n so_o of_o very_o different_a colour_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o slate_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o ireland_n slate_n be_v find_v in_o great_a abundance_n and_o that_o nothing_o deep_a within_o the_o ground_n just_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o freestone_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v raise_v with_o little_a charge_n and_o labour_n wherefore_o at_o all_o time_n it_o have_v be_v much_o use_v by_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n for_o the_o cover_n of_o their_o house_n and_o other_o building_n nevertheless_o some_o year_n since_o in_o place_n near_o the_o sea_n especial_o at_o dublin_n that_o kind_n of_o holland_n tile_n which_o by_o they_o be_v call_v pannen_n begin_v to_o be_v use_v general_o the_o merchant_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o from_o thence_o in_o great_a abundance_n because_o in_o ireland_n they_o have_v neither_o convenient_a stuff_n to_o make_v they_o of_o nor_o workman_n skilful_a in_o that_o business_n although_o the_o common_a tile_n usual_a in_o many_o part_n of_o england_n and_o other_o country_n be_v make_v and_o use_v in_o several_a place_n within_o the_o land_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o cover_v in_o use_n both_o for_o church_n and_o house_n to_o wit_n a_o certain_a sort_n of_o wooden_a tile_n vulgar_o call_v shingles_n the_o which_o be_v sight_n enough_o at_o the_o first_o but_o do_v not_o many_o year_n continue_v so_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o change_v they_o often_o which_o thing_n proper_o not_o appertain_v to_o this_o chapter_n we_o nevertheless_o for_o affinity_n sake_n have_v think_v not_o amiss_o here_o to_o mention_v some_o year_n ago_o another_o kind_n of_o slate_n have_v be_v discover_v in_o ireland_n which_o for_o the_o colours-sake_n be_v call_v black-slate_n be_v of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n which_o be_v come_v into_o great_a esteem_n not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o cover_v house_n for_o which_o they_o be_v no_o better_a than_o common_a slate_n but_o because_o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n very_o good_a and_o medicinal_a against_o several_a disease_n especial_o to_o stay_v all_o kind_n of_o bleed_v and_o to_o hinder_v that_o after_o fall_v and_o bruise_n the_o blood_n do_v not_o congeal_v within_o the_o body_n sect._n 7._o of_o the_o sea-coal_n the_o tree_n and_o wood_n have_v be_v so_o much_o destroy_v in_o ireland_n as_o heretofore_o we_o have_v show_v and_o consequent_o wood_n for_o fire_v be_v very_o dear_a in_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v use_n of_o other_o fuel_n viz._n of_o turf_n and_o of_o sea-coal_n of_o the_o turf_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n as_o for_o sea-coal_n they_o be_v the_o ordinary_a fire_n in_o dublin_n &_o in_o other_o place_n lie_v near_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o same_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v bring_v in_o out_o of_o
for_o else_o one_o will_v run_v great_a hazard_n to_o sustain_v great_a loss_n and_o to_o have_v all_o spoil_v but_o those_o that_o be_v vigilant_a and_o careful_a and_o that_o lose_v no_o occasion_n at_o all_o do_v common_o in_o the_o end_n get_v in_o their_o increase_n well_o enough_o notwithstanding_o all_o those_o great_a hindrance_n so_o that_o there_o be_v as_o few_o year_n of_o dearth_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n of_o christendom_n and_o most_o year_n there_o be_v not_o only_a corn_n enough_o get_v for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n over_o and_o above_o for_o the_o send_v out_o of_o great_a quantity_n of_o grain_n into_o other_o country_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o fair_a weather_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n in_o the_o foul_a weather_n the_o night_n be_v often_o fair_a in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n weather_n be_v common_o fair_a again_o for_o some_o week_n together_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o spring_n but_o not_o so_o long_o which_o as_o it_o do_v serve_v for_o to_o dry_v up_o and_o to_o get_v in_o the_o corn_n and_o hay_n which_o till_o then_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o field_n the_o too_o much_o wet_a have_v hinder_v it_o from_o be_v bring_v away_o soon_o so_o it_o give_v the_o opportunity_n of_o plough_v the_o ground_n and_o sow_v the_o winter-corn_n the_o which_o otherwise_o will_v very_o hardly_o be_v do_v for_o that_o season_n be_v once_o past_a you_o have_v very_o little_a dry_a weather_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o during_o all_o winter_n and_o although_o it_o do_v seldom_o rain_v continual_o for_o many_o day_n together_o yet_o be_v the_o wetness_n very_o great_a and_o few_o week_n do_v pass_v wherein_o be_v not_o two_o or_o three_o rainy_a day_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o ordinary_o it_o rain_v in_o ireland_n much_o more_o by_o day_n than_o by_o night_n and_o that_o many_o time_n when_o it_o do_v rain_v two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o the_o night_n between_o be_v very_o clear_a and_o fair_a the_o which_o also_o many_o time_n fall_v out_o in_o other_o foul_a weather_n and_o when_o all_o day_n long_o the_o sky_n be_v overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o mist_n sect._n 5._o some_o dry_a summer_n in_o ireland_n but_o hardly_o ever_o any_o too_o dry_a but_o although_o it_o be_v ordinary_o thus_o in_o ireland_n yet_o the_o same_o inconstancy_n and_o variableness_n of_o year_n and_o season_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o most_o other_o country_n do_v also_o here_o occur_v and_o that_o more_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o summer_n &_o dry_a weather_n than_o of_o the_o winter_n and_o cold_a for_o it_o be_v marvellous_a seldom_o to_o have_v there_o a_o hard_a winter_n and_o long_o â—rost_v but_o summer_n have_v be_v which_o be_v full_a of_o very_o dry_a and_o fair_a and_o pleasant_a weather_n but_o as_o winter_n cruel_o cold_a so_o likewise_o over-dry_a summer_n do_v in_o this_o island_n hardly_o come_v once_o in_o a_o age_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a say_n in_o ireland_n that_o the_o very_a dry_v summer_n there_o never_o hurt_v the_o land_n for_o although_o the_o corn_n and_o grass_n upon_o the_o high_a and_o dry_a ground_n may_v get_v harm_n nevertheless_o the_o country_n in_o general_n get_v more_o good_a than_o hurt_n by_o it_o and_o when_o any_o dearth_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o ireland_n they_o be_v not_o cause_v through_o immoderate_a heat_n and_o drought_n as_o in_o most_o other_o country_n but_o through_o too_o much_o wet_a and_o excessive_a rain_n sect._n 6._o amendment_n of_o the_o wet_a air_n in_o ireland_n how_o to_o be_v expect_v so_o that_o the_o irish-air_n be_v great_o defectuous_a in_o this_o part_n and_o too_o much_o subject_n to_o wet_a and_o rainy_a weather_n wherein_o if_o it_o be_v of_o somewhat_o a_o better_a temperature_n and_o as_o free_v from_o too_o much_o wet_a as_o it_o be_v from_o excessive_a cold_a it_o will_v be_v one_o of_o the_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o very_o few_o country_n can_v be_v name_v that_o may_v be_v compare_v with_o ireland_n for_o agreeable_a temperateness_n and_o although_o it_o be_v unlikely_a that_o any_o revolution_n of_o time_n will_v produce_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o this_o the_o which_o indeed_o in_o some_o other_o country_n have_v cause_v wonderful_a change_n because_o that_o those_o who_o many_o age_n ago_o have_v write_v of_o this_o island_n do_v witness_v the_o self_n same_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o this_o particular_a as_o we_o do_v find_v in_o our_o time_n there_o be_v nevertheless_o great_a probability_n that_o this_o defect_n may_v in_o part_n be_v amend_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n if_o the_o country_n be_v once_o inhabit_v throughout_o by_o a_o civil_a nation_n care_n be_v take_v every_o where_o to_o diminish_v and_o take_v away_o the_o superfluous_a and_o excessive_a wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o all_o the_o watery_a and_o boggy_a place_n whereby_o this_o too_o great_a moystness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v great_o increase_v and_o partly_o also_o occasion_v this_o opinion_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o some_o uncertain_a speculation_n but_o upon_o assure_a experience_n for_o several_a know_v and_o credible_a person_n have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o already_o some_o year_n since_o good_a beginning_n have_v be_v see_v of_o it_o and_o that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o land_n well_o inhabit_v with_o english_a and_o where_o great_a extent_n of_o bog_n have_v be_v drain_v and_o reduce_v to_o dry_a land_n it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o some_o year_n one_o after_o another_o that_o they_o have_v have_v a_o dry_a air_n and_o much_o less_o trouble_v with_o rain_n than_o in_o former_a time_n herewith_o agree_v what_o we_o read_v in_o that_o famous_a writer_n pliny_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o seventeen_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n concern_v that_o part_n of_o macedon_n wherein_o the_o city_n philippi_n be_v seat_v where_o the_o air_n former_o have_v be_v very_o rainy_a be_v great_o amend_v by_o the_o alter_a the_o wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n his_o word_n be_v these_o circa_n philippos_n cultura_fw-la siccata_fw-la regio_fw-la mutavit_fw-la coeli_fw-la habitum_fw-la that_o be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o country_n about_o philippi_n be_v dry_v up_o through_o tillage_n have_v alter_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o dew_n mist_n snow_n hail_o hoar-frost_n thunder_n and_o lightning_n earthquake_n and_o wind_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o dew_n the_o naturalist_n and_o geographer_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o it_o dew_v exceed_o in_o the_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n and_o that_o the_o less_o it_o use_v to_o rain_v in_o a_o country_n the_o dew_n do_v fall_v there_o the_o more_o abundant_o whereby_o it_o shall_v seem_v to_o follow_v that_o in_o the_o wet_a climate_n it_o dew_v very_o little_a and_o consequent_o that_o in_o ireland_n where_o it_o rain_v so_o very_a much_o the_o dew_n must_v be_v very_o scanty_a but_o there_o be_v as_o much_o dew_n there_o as_o in_o other_o country_n that_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n hot_a and_o dry_a only_o thus_o much_o experience_n do_v show_v in_o ireland_n and_o it_o may_v be_v as_o well_o in_o other_o country_n whereof_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o inform_v myself_o that_o when_o it_o be_v towards_o any_o great_a rain_n little_a or_o no_o dew_n do_v fall_v so_o as_o in_o those_o time_n go_v forth_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n into_o the_o green_a field_n you_o will_v find_v they_o altogether_o dry_a and_o that_o even_o in_o that_o season_n wherein_o the_o dew_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o other_o neighbour_a country_n use_v to_o fall_v more_o abundant_o than_o in_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n this_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o great_a rain_n be_v to_o fall_v sudden_o and_o common_o after_o such_o a_o dry_a and_o dewless_a night_n it_o use_v to_o rain_v two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o but_o the_o precede_a rain_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o dew_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o that_o which_o be_v imminent_a and_o it_o be_v find_v ordinary_o that_o in_o a_o clear_a night_n follow_a a_o rainy_a day_n the_o which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n the_o dew_n come_v down_o as_o liberal_o as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o rain_v the_o day_n before_o sect._n 2._o of_o may-dew_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o gather_v and_o preserve_v it_o the_o english_a woman_n and_o gentlewoman_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o england_n do_v use_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n to_o gather_v good_a store_n of_o dew_n to_o keep_v it_o by_o they_o all_o the_o year_n after_o
those_o of_o long_a continuance_n as_o the_o falling-sickness_n the_o pallie_n all_o sortsof_a gout_n cough_n the_o consumption_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o stone_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o of_o the_o bladder_n the_o colic_n the_o laundis_n the_o dropsy_n the_o grief_n of_o the_o spleen_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o loosness_n with_o all_o which_o evil_n it_o be_v here_o as_o in_o other_o country_n some_o of_o they_o be_v very_o common_a here_o and_o other_o happen_v but_o seldom_o and_o in_o few_o person_n the_o more_o particular_a relation_n whereof_o we_o will_v leave_v for_o the_o book_n of_o physic_n and_o for_o those_o observation_n which_o perhaps_o my_o brother_n some_o time_n or_o other_o will_v publish_v of_o what_o he_o have_v find_v concern_v theâ—e_n matter_n in_o a_o ample_a and_o flourish_a practice_n of_o eight_o year_n which_o he_o have_v live_v in_o dublin_n chap._n xxiiii_o of_o the_o disease_n reign_v in_o ireland_n and_o whereunto_o that_o country_n be_v peculiarly_a subject_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o irish_a ague_n as_o ireland_n be_v subject_a to_o most_o disease_n in_o common_a with_o other_o country_n so_o there_o be_v some_o whereunto_o it_o be_v peculiar_o obnoxious_a be_v at_o all_o time_n so_o rife_o there_o that_o they_o may_v just_o be_v repute_v for_o ireland_n endemii_fw-la morbi_fw-la or_o reign_a disease_n as_o indeed_o they_o be_v general_o repute_v for_o such_o of_o this_o number_n be_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o malignant_a fever_n vulgar_o in_o ireland_n call_v irish_a ague_n because_o that_o at_o all_o time_n they_o be_v so_o common_a in_o ireland_n as_o well_o among_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o native_n as_o among_o those_o who_o be_v new_o come_v thither_o from_o other_o country_n this_o fever_n common_o accompany_v with_o a_o great_a pain_n in_o the_o head_n aâ—d_v in_o all_o the_o bone_n great_a weakness_n drought_n loss_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o appetite_n and_o want_v of_o sleep_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n idleness_n or_o rave_v and_o restlessness_n or_o toss_n but_o no_o very_o great_a nor_o constant_a heat_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v cure_v for_o those_o that_o understand_v the_o disease_n and_o seek_v to_o overcome_v it_o do_v it_o not_o by_o purge_v which_o can_v be_v use_v at_o any_o time_n without_o great_a and_o present_a danger_n for_o the_o fermentation_n of_o the_o humour_n which_o cause_v the_o disease_n be_v hereby_o mighty_o increase_v and_o the_o patient_a weaken_a and_o hardly_o with_o bleed_v which_o seldom_o be_v use_v with_o success_n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n but_o with_o strengthen_v medicine_n and_o good_a cordial_n in_o which_o case_n and_o if_o all_o necessary_a prescriptious_a be_v well_o observe_v very_o few_o person_n do_v lose_v their_o life_n except_o when_o some_o extraordinary_a and_o pestilent_a malignity_n come_v to_o it_o as_o it_o befall_v in_o some_o year_n with_o so_o great_a violence_n that_o notwithstanding_o all_o good_a help_n some_o be_v thereby_o carry_v to_o their_o grave_n the_o same_o do_v ordinary_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o prove_v deadly_a if_o the_o sick_a do_v fall_v into_o unskilful_a hand_n or_o neglect_v all_o help_n or_o do_v not_o observe_v good_a direction_n in_o which_o case_n many_o do_v perish_v and_o other_o who_o come_v off_o with_o their_o life_n through_o robustuousness_n of_o nature_n or_o hide_a cause_n be_v force_v to_o keep_v their_o bed_n a_o long_a time_n in_o extreme_a weakness_n be_v a_o great_a while_n before_o they_o can_v recover_v their_o perfect_a health_n and_o strength_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o looseness_n the_o looseness_n do_v also_o great_o reign_v in_o ireland_n as_o well_o among_o those_o of_o the_o country_n as_o among_o the_o stranger_n wherefore_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n have_v give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country-disease_n many_o be_v a_o great_a while_n trouble_v with_o it_o and_o yet_o get_v no_o other_o harm_n and_o those_o that_o betimes_o do_v make_v use_n of_o good_a medicine_n be_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n cure_v of_o it_o but_o they_o that_o let_v the_o looseness_n take_v its_o course_n do_v common_o after_o some_o day_n get_v the_o bleed_a with_o it_o whereby_o the_o disease_n do_v not_o only_o grow_v much_o more_o troublesome_a and_o painful_a but_o a_o great_a deal_n hardeâ—_n to_o be_v cure_v &_o at_o last_o it_o use_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o bloody_a flux_n the_o which_o in_o some_o person_n have_v last_v a_o great_a while_n leave_v they_o of_o itself_o but_o in_o far_o the_o great_a number_n be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o kill_v the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o sick_a except_o they_o be_v careful_o assist_v with_o good_a remedy_n that_o this_o disease_n as_o also_o the_o other_o viz._n the_o malignant_a fever_n be_v so_o rife_o in_o ireland_n do_v partly_o come_v through_o the_o peculiar_a disposition_n and_o excessive_a wetness_n of_o the_o air_n but_o partly_o also_o through_o the_o error_n which_o people_n do_v commit_v in_o eat_v and_o drink_v and_o other_o particular_n as_o manifest_o do_v appear_v by_o that_o a_o very_a great_a number_n not_o only_o of_o the_o native_n but_o also_o of_o the_o stranger_n come_v thiâ—_n she_o who_o tâ—ke_v careful_a heed_n to_o themselves_o in_o abstain_v from_o hurtful_a thing_n never_o be_v trouble_v with_o either_o of_o these_o infirmity_n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o rickets_o among_o the_o reign_a disease_n of_o ireland_n the_o rickets_o also_o may_v with_o good_a reason_n be_v reckon_v a_o disease_n peculiar_a to_o young_a child_n and_o so_o well_o know_v to_o every_o body_n in_o england_n as_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o give_v any_o description_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o to_o this_o day_n never_o any_o physician_n either_o english_a or_o of_o any_o other_o nation_n make_v any_o the_o least_o mention_n of_o it_o no_o not_o in_o those_o work_n which_o be_v express_o write_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o disease_n and_o accident_n of_o little_a child_n in_o ireland_n this_o disease_n be_v wonderful_a rife_a now_o but_o it_o have_v nothing_o near_o be_v so_o long_o know_v there_o as_o in_o england_n either_o through_o thâ—_n unskiâ—fullness_n or_o neglect_n of_o the_o physician_n the_o most_o part_n whereof_o in_o both_o kingdom_n to_o this_o day_n be_v ignorant_a not_o only_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o cure_v it_o but_o even_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n thereof_o or_o that_o real_o it_o be_v new_a there_o and_o never_o before_o have_v be_v in_o ireland_n have_v get_v foot_v in_o it_o only_o within_o these_o few_o year_n through_o some_o strange_a revolution_n or_o constellation_n or_o god_n immediate_a send_v which_o kind_n of_o change_n several_a time_n have_v befall_v in_o divers_a country_n and_o in_o ireland_n itself_o we_o have_v already_o show_v some_o such_o matter_n in_o another_o sickness_n namely_o the_o tertian-ague_n this_o evil_a be_v altogether_o incurable_a when_o it_o be_v go_v too_o far_o be_v hard_a enough_o to_o be_v cure_v even_o in_o the_o beginning_n except_o it_o be_v very_o careful_o look_v unto_o and_o use_v make_v of_o the_o best_a remedy_n nevertheless_o this_o grief_n as_o well_o as_o moâ—â—_n other_o have_v its_o peculiar_a medicine_n the_o which_o be_v apply_v betimes_o and_o with_o convenient_a care_n do_v with_o god_n blessing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n produce_v the_o effect_n desire_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o leprosy_n the_o rickets_o be_v of_o late_a very_o rife_o in_o ireland_n where_o few_o year_n ago_o unknown_a so_o on_o the_o contraâ—y_v it_o have_v be_v almost_o quite_o free_v from_o another_o disease_n one_o of_o the_o very_o worst_a &_o miserable_a in_o the_o world_n namely_o the_o leprosy_n which_o in_o former_a time_n use_v to_o be_v very_o common_a there_o especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n the_o which_o therefore_o be_v fill_v with_o hospital_n express_o build_v for_o to_o receive_v &_o keep_v the_o leprous_a person_n but_o many_o year_n since_o ireland_n have_v be_v almost_o quite_o free_v from_o this_o horrible_a and_o loathsome_a disease_n and_o as_o few_o leprous_a person_n be_v now_o find_v there_o as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n in_o the_o world_n so_o that_o be_v hospital_n erect_v for_o their_o use_n have_v stand_v empty_a a_o long_a time_n at_o length_n be_v quite_o decay_v &_o come_v to_o nothing_o the_o cause_n of_o thâ—s_n change_n be_v not_o so_o obscure_a nor_o unknown_a as_o it_o be_v in_o most_o other_o change_n of_o that_o nature_n for_o that_o this_o sickness_n be_v so_o general_a in_o ireland_n do_v not_o come_v by_o any_o peculiar_a defect_n in_o the_o land_n or_o in_o the_o air_n but_o mere_o through_o the_o fault_n &_o foul_a gluttony_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o excessive_a devour_a of_o unwholesome_a salmon_n the_o common_a report_n in_o ireland_n be_v that_o boil_a salmon_n eat_v hot_a out_o