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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42127	Chorographia, or, A survey of Newcastle upon Tine the estate of this country under the Romans : the building of the famous wall of the Piets, by the Romans : the ancient town of Pandon : a briefe description of the town, walls, wards, churches, religious houses, streets, markets, fairs, river and commodities, with the suburbs : the ancient and present government of the town : as also, a relation of the county of Northumberland, which was the bulwark for England, against the introdes of the Scots : their many castles and towers : their ancient Cheviot-Hills, of Tinedale, and Reedsdale, with the inhabitants.	Gray, William, fl. 1649.	1649 (1649)	Wing G1975; ESTC R10141	20,120	58

fishponds c. The suburbs of Sand-Gate escaped the fury of these Warres except some neer the walls of the Town which was fired One remarkeable thing is recorded of two Carpenters hewing of a tree bloud issued out of the timber in what part of the wood they cut Below East is the Ballist Hill where women upon their heads carried Ballist which was taken forth of small ships which came empty for Coales Which place was the first Ballist shoare out of the town since which time the trade of Coales increasing there is many Ballist shoares made below the water on both sides of the River Upon the North side of the River is the Ewes Burne over which is a wood Bridge which goeth down to a place called the Glasse-Houses where plaine Glasse for windowes are made which serveth most parts of the Kingdom Below East is many shores built for casting of Ballist out of ships which brings profit to the town and the occupiers of the same OF THE NOBLE AND ANCIENT FAMILIES OF THE NORTH AND THEIR CASTLES THE North parts of England hath been in the Romans time and in after ages the Bulwarks and Fortresses of England against the inrodes of the Scots Newcastle for the East parts of this land and Carlile for the West The two great Princes of the North were the Earles of Northumberland at Alnwick and Westmerland at Raby Castle in the Bishopprick of Durham The first famous for the great overthrow he gave Malcolme King of the Scots and his Sonne Edward slain at his Castle of Alnewick The second Earle made famous for taking David King of Scots prisoner and the overthrow of his Army at Nevils-Crosse neer Durham The Lord Dacres and Lord Lumleyes were famous in their generations the first lived in Cumberland in his many Castles the other in the Bishopprick of Durham in Lumley Castle both of them having lands in Northumberland who held their land of the King in Knight service for his warres against the Scots The Bishops of Durham had their Castles in the frontiers in Norhamshire and Elandshire The Nobility and Gentry of the North are of great antiquity and can produce more ancient Families then any other part of England many of them Gentry before the Conquest the rest came in with William the Conquerour The Noblemen and Gentry of the North hath been alwayes imployed in their native countrey in the warres of the Kings of England against the Scots all of them holding their lands in Knights service to attend the warres in their own persons with horse and speare as the manner of fighting was in those dayes Some Gentlemen held their lands in Cornage by blowing a Horne to give notice that the Scots their enemies had invaded the land The Scots their neighbouring enemies hath made the inhabitants of Northumberland fierce and hardy whiles sometimes they kept themselves exercised in the warres being a most warre-like Nation and excellent good Light-Horsemen wholly addicting themselves to Mars and Armes not a Gentleman amongst them that hath not his Castle or Tower and so it was divided into a number of Baronies the Lords whereof in times past before King Edward the first's dayes went commonly under the name of Barons although some of them were of no great living It was the policy of the Kings of England to cherish and maintain Martiall Prowesse among them in the Marches of the Kingdome if it were nothing else but with an honourable bare title Some Gentlemen of the North are called to this day Barons The Ancient Families and Names of the Gentry are many which hath continued from William the Conquerour unto these late dayes The Grayes of Chillingham and Horton Barons of Warke-castle Ogles of Ogle-castle Fenwickes of Wallington Widdrington of Widdrington-castle Delavale of Seaton-Delavale Ridleyes of Williams-Weeke Muschampes of Barsmore the chiefe Baron of Northumberland in Edward the first's reigne Mitfords of Midford Fosters of Edderston Claverings of Callalie Swinburnes of Swinburne now of Capheaton Radliffes of Delston Harbottle of Harbottle-castle extinct Haggerston of Haggerton Hebburne of Heburne Blankenship of Blankenship Fetherstonhaugh of Fetherstonhaugh Herons of Chepehase Horsley of Horsley Craster of Craster Laraines of Kirkharle Collingwoods of Eslington Whitfield of Whitfield Carnaby of Halton Lisles of Felton Strudders of Kirknewton Selbyes of Twisel Eringtons of Bewfrom Weldon of Weldon Bradforth of Bradforth Rodom of Little Haughton Carres of Ford-castle Creswell of Creswell Halls of Otterburne Thirlwall of Thirlwall-castle Killingworth of Killingworth These ancient Noble Families continued many years valiant and faithfull unto the Kingdom of England and flourished all in their times untill the two powerfull Earles of the North rose in rebellion in Queen Elizabeths reigne who drew along with them many Gentry of the North who overthrew themselves and confederates and many ancient families of the North Since many ancient names have been extinct for want of Heires Male and have been devolved upon other names and families Since the union of both Kingdoms the Gentry of this Country hath given themselves to idlenesse luxury and covetousnesse living not in their own houses as their ancestours hath done profusely spending their revenues in other Countries and hath consumed of late their ancient houses The Castles in the North are many and strong Morpith-Castle so called from the death of the Picts in that place Alnewick-Castle where the Earles of Northumberland kept their Court famous for two battels fought against the Scots who received a shamefull overthrow by the valour of the Earles of Northumberland Upon Tweed and Borders are Wark-castle a Barony of the Grays Norham-castle belonging to the Bishops of Durham Barwick upon the left banck and river a strong Town of Warre opposite sometimes against the Scots the farthest bounds of the English Empire Upon Till a River falling into Tweed above Norham is Ford-castle To the West beyond the River riseth Floddon-Hill made famous by the death of James the fourth King of Scotland slain in a memorable battell by Thomas Howard Earle of Surrey Generall of the English in the reigne of Henry the Eighth Upon the East Sea is Bambrough-castle and Dunstonbrough-castle builded by the Saxons and sometimes the Royall Seats of the Kings of Northumbers Bambrough-castle afterward converted into a Priory and did homage and vassalage to their Lord Priour Many battells and skirmishes hath been in this North and alwaies hath been victorious against the Scots Besides the forenamed battels of Alnewick-castle and Floddon at Solommosse fifteen thousand Scots were put to flight eight hundred slain and one and twenty of their Nobles taken prisoners by the English There was Lord Wardens of the East West and middle Marches appointed who had power by Martiall Law to represse all enormities and outrages committed in the Borders They had their Laws called Border Laws In the North toward the Borders is many Hills one of them most eminent called Cheviot Hill upon the top of it is Snow to be seen at Midsummer and a Land mark for Sea-men that comes out of the East parts from Danzieke through the Baltick Seas and from the King of Denmarks country it being the first land that Marriners make for the Coast of England These Chiviot Hills is made famous for the hunting of the Earl of Northumberland at the hunting the Earl Duglas of Scotland who met him with his forces and engaged one the other where was great bickerings and skirmishes to the losse of many men where both Earles fought valiantly called to this day Cheviot Chase There is many Dales the chief are Tinedale and Reedsdale a country that William the Conquerour did not subdue retaining to this day the ancient Laws and Customs according to the County of Kent whereby the lands of the father is equally divided at his death amongst all his sonnes These Highlanders are famous for theeving they are all bred up and live by theft They come down from these Dales into the low Countries and carry away horses and cattell so cunningly that it will be hard for any to get them or their cattell except they be acquainted with some Master Thiefe who for some mony which they call Saufey mony may help they to their stoln goods or deceive them There is many every year brought in of them into the Goale of Newcastle and at the Assises are condemned and hanged sometimes twenty or thirty They forfeit not their lands according to the tenure in Gavelkind the Father to Bough the Sonne to the Plough The people of this Country hath had one barbarous Custome amongst them if any two be displeased they expect no law but bang it out bravely one and his kindred against the other and his they will subject themselves to no Justice but in an unhumane and barbarous manner fight and kill one another they run together clangs as they terme it or names This fighting they call their Feides or deadly Feides a word so barbarous that I cannot expresse it in any other tongue Of late since the union of both Kingdoms this heathenish bloody custom is repressed and good laws made against such barbarous and unchristian misdemeanours and fightings In this North Country groweth plenty of hadder or ling good for Cattell to feed upon and for Moor-Fowle and Bees this hearbe yeeldeth a flower in June as sweet as Hony whereof the Picts in time past did make a pleasant drink wholsome for the body of Man Upon the West parts of Northumberland the Picts Wall is out of the ruines of which is built many Towers and Houses in that part where the Picts Wall stood in some of the wast ground the Wall is to be seen of a great height and almost whole many stones have been found with Roma upon it and all the names of the Roman Emperours Consuls and Proconsuls both in Stone and in Coine of Silver and Brasse with their Emperours Image upon them So the Picts Wall goes through Northumberland into Cumberland where I end my Peregrination and Travell keeping my selfe within the limits and bounds of Northumberland FINIS * Camden

Chorographia OR A SURVEY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TINE The Estate of this Country under the Romans The Building of the famous Wall of the Picts by the Romans The Ancient Town of Pandon A briefe Description of the Town Walls Wards Churches Religious Houses Streets Markets Fairs River and Commodities with the Suburbs The ancient and present Government of the Town AS ALSO A relation of the County of Northumberland which was the bulwark for England against the inrodes of the Scots Their many Castles and Towers Their ancient Families and Names Of the Tenure in Cornage Of Cheviot-Hills Of Tinedale and Reedsdale with the Inhabitants Potestas omnium ad Caesrem pertinet proprietas ad singulos NEWCASTLE PRINTED BY S. B. 1649. S. P. D. DILECTIS BURGENSIBUS ET PROBIS HOMINIBUS NOVICASTRI SUPER TINAM W. G. Fortiter Defendit Triumphans Portus Castrum Carbo Salmo Salina Molaris Murus ●o●s Templum Schola sunt Novi gloria Castri TO THE CANDID READER EVERY Country hath had his Chronologer or Writer to portrait unto their countrymen their antiquities and noble acts Greece had his Homer Rome his Virgil Our Britains had their Gildas Saxons had their Beda England had of late his learned Camden and painfull Speed to delineate and portrait unto their countrymen the antiquities and scituations of all shires in England Yet it is impossible that any one man being never so inquisitive and laborious should attain unto the perfect knowledge of all passages in all places I have adventured to write of the Antiquity of this Town and Country which by reading and experience I have gathered out of the ruine of Antiquity that those Monuments which these late warrs have obliterated and ruin'd may be left to posterity for tempus edax rerum I find a great difficulty in my undertakings because the Records of this Country are but few and confused being so often infested by the Scots and Danes who consumed and fired all before them wheresoever they came Questionlesse many brave men have lived in this Town and Country many memorable acts of Chivalry have been atchieved but they are all buried in oblivion I hope the courteous Reader will pardon the faults committed herein Nam in priscis rebus veritas non ad unguem quaerenda est Many errours many suppositions upon probabilities may be found in it Humanum est errare decipi I have begun the work I hope some of my Fellow Burgesses will finish what I have begun to the everlasting memory of this famous town Some cretiques have presumed to correct and blame me with their indigested zeale and unknown enthusiastique knowledge of Chimoera's in their giddy pericraniums for fables and errours as the Priest that found it written of St. Paul Demissus est per sportam mended his book and made it demissus est per portam because Sporta was an hard word and out of his reading But ne sutor ultra crepidam let no man professe that he knows not It s true He that writes resembleth a man acting his part upon a Theator or Stage where the spectators have their eyes sixing upon him all observing his gesture and words if he fail in either presently he is censured and condemned Lastly we live in an age that Mechanicks will presume to step into Moses chaire and become politians to contradict and controle whatsoever is acted and done according to the laws divine and humane One thing I desire of these phantastiques Carpere vel noli mea vel ede tun Vale W. G. THE CONTENTS   Fol. THE first Natives of this Island 1 Romans first in Britaine 2 The first Roman Conquest in the North ibid. The North brought into a Roman Province 4 The comming in of the Saxons 6 The first Denominations of Newcastle 7 The Walls and Gates of Newcastle and who built them 8 The Bridges of Newcastle upon Tine 12 The Churches in Newcastle 13 The Streets and Buildings of the ancient Towne of Pampden 17 The Grants and Charters to the Town 19 The highest and North Parts of the Town 22 The Sandhill 23 The middle Parts of the Town 25 Pilgrim Street 27 West-Gate Street ibid. The Government of the Town 29 The 24 Wards of the Town 31 Of the River Tine and the Commodities 32 Divine Providence over all Nations and Countries 37 The Suburbs of Newcastle 39 Of the Noble and Ancient Families of the North and their Castles 41 Chorographia OR A SURVEY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE THE FIRST NATIVES OF THIS ISLAND THE Britains were Autochthenes natives of this Island for more ancient inhabitants we finde none The People of this Nation is thought to have been descended from the neighbouring Gaules in regard of the same Religion Language and Manners Their originall from the Trojans by Brute is altogether fabulous there being no Greek or Latine Authors or any Monument in this Island which makes mention hereof Their Descent from the Gaules is more probable being the next parts of the Continent unto Britaine or their way from Asia or the East from whence all Countries was first peopled ROMANS FIRST IN BRITAINE THE Romans were first certaine and know Forreiners in this Island C. J. Caesar was the first of Romans that invaded Britaine he having subdued the Nation of the Gaules made his journey into Britaine Cassivellanus reigning King Some Victories he atchieved some Hostages he took imposed a Tribute upon the Nation and so returned into the Continent he made no Conquest of them but discovered them to Posterity A long time after the Roman Emperour Claudius sent Aulus Plantius hither accompanied by two Brethren Sabinus Vespasian who made warre against the Britains vanquished them in severall Fights took Camalodunum the chiefe seat of their Kings and their King took prisoner planted a Colony at Camalodunum now Maldon in Essex and reduced the higher or South parts of Britaine into the forme of a Roman Province THE FIRST ROMAN CONQUEST IN THE NORTH IN the Yeare of Vespasian the great and populous Nation of the Brigantes are warred upon and in part overcome These Brigantes containeth all the Country North of Humber to the river of Tine and Picts Wall called lower Britaine Julius Agricola in the Reigne of Domitian set limits here to the Romane greatnesse and extended it Northward into the Seas and Friths of Dunbriton and Edenbrough in Scotland The Emperour Adrian not long after removed the Pale more Southward and the better to keep out the Enemy drew a Trench and Wall of Turfes crosse the Land betwixt the two Seas The Roman Britains being continually molested by often incursions of the barbarous People called Caledonii or Picts who brake down the Sodd Wall harrying and spoiling this Country Which moved the Emperour Severus to build a Wall of Stone with great wisedome and industry to strengthen this Northerne Parts of Britaine against the many inrodes of the barbarous Picts At every miles end of this wall was a Tower and in the wall a Pipe of Mettall

any manner of goods wares and marchandizes in or any place of the River but onely at the Key of Newcastle Also granted Commissioners to measure Keeles King Edward the sixth grants the Town of Gateside to be united to the Town of Newcastle Repealed by Queen Mary Sir Thomas White Lord Mayor of London gave one hundred pound yearely to the chief Cities and Towns of England for ever to be lent to foure Clothiers Merchants for ten yeares without interest The Town of Newcastle enjoyeth her hundred pound in her turn The first hundred pound which came to Newcastle was in 1599. The noblest gift that ever was given in England by any subject Some think in time it will ingrosse the most of the money in this land THE HIGHEST AND NORTH PARTS OF THE TOWN THE ancient parts of the Town of Newcastle was in the upper parts of it about Newgate where are many old houses and cottages which served these religious houses with provisions This part of the Town is called to this day the Hucksters Booths These people in those dayes had their livelihood from those Fryers and Nuns that lived in that part of the Town In after ages the Burgesses and good men of the Town began to trade and venture beyond the seas into forraigne places they builded many ships procured a Charter from the Kings of England to carry Fels beyond seas and bring in sorraign commodities The Staple was then at Antwerp in Brabant called Commune totius Europa Emporium This Charter of the Merchant Adventurers was the first Charter that was granted by any King to any Town After which Grant this town flourished in trading builded many faire houses in the Flesh Market then called the Cloath Market The Merchants had their shops and warehouses there in the back parts of their houses the River of Tine slowed and ebbed where boats came up with commodities which trade of merchandizes continued many years In that street the Mayors Aldermen and richest men of the Town lived In after times the Merchants removed lower down towards the River to the street called the Side and Sandhill where it continueth unto this day THE SANDHILL Now let us describe unto you the other Streets and Markets in this Town First of the Sandhill a Market for fish and other commodities very convenient for Merchant Adventurers Merchants of Coales and all those that have their living by shipping There is a navigable River and a long Key or Wharfe where ships may lye safe from danger of stormes and may unlode their commodities and wares upon the Key In it is two Cranes for heavy commodities very convenient for carrying of corn wine deales c. from the Key into the Water-Gates which is along the Key side or into any quarter of the Town In this Market place is many shops and stately houses for Merchants with great conveniences of water bridge garners losts cellars and houses of both sides of them Westward they have a street called the Close East the benefit of the houses of the Key side In this Sandhill standeth the Town-Court or Guild-Hall where is held the Guilds every yeare by the Major and Burgesses to offer up their grievances where the Major keepeth his Court every Munday and the Sheriffe hath his County-Court upon Wednesday and Fryday In it is kept a Court of Admiralty or River Court every Munday in the afternoon This is a Court of Record for inroling of deeds and evidences There is a Court of Pye-powder during the said two Faires Lammas and Saint Luke All the priviledges and power that a Court-Leet can have is granted to this Court Under the Town-Court is a common Weigh-house for all sorts of commodities King Henry the sixth sent to this Town as to other Cities and Towns brasse weights according to the standard Neer this is the Town-house where the Clarke of the Chamber and Chamberlains are to receive the revenues of the Town for coale ballist salt grindstones c. Next adjoyning is an Almes-house called the Mason de Dien builded by that noble benefactor Roger de Thorneton Above which is the stately Court of the Merchant Adventurers of the old Staple resident at that flourishing City of Antwarpe in Brabant since removed to the more Northern Provinees under the States Their Charters are ancient their priviledges and immunities great they have no dependance upon London having a Governour twelve Assistants two Wardens and a Secretary There is an old Chappell upon the Brid Next West is a street called the Close where are many stately houses of Merchants and others The Earle of Northumberland had his house in this street Neer the Sandhill East is Allliallows Banck or Butehers Banck where most Butchers dwell the way to Allhallows Church the South side of which is many Chaires or Lanes that goeth down to the Key side THE MIDDLE PARTS OF THE TOWN NEXT up street is the street called the Side In the lower part of it standeth a faire Crosse with columnes of stones hewn covered with lead where is sold milk egges butter c. In the Side is shops for Merchants Drapers and other trades In the middle of the Side is an ancient stone house an appendix to the Castle which in former times belonged to the Lord Lumleys before the Castle was built or at least coetany with the Castle Next up the Town North is Middle-street where all sorts of Artificers have shops and houses The West side of this street is the Oatemeale Market On the East side of it is the Flesh Market I think the greatest Market in England for all sorts of Flesh and Poultry that is sould there every Saterday the reason is not the populousnesse of the Town that makes it it is the people in the Country within ten miles of the Town who makes their provision there as likewise all that lives by Coale-trade for working and conveying Coales to the water as also the shipping which comes into this River for Coales there being sometimes three hundred sayles of ships In this Market is kept two Faires in the yeare for nine dayes together one of them at that remarkable time of the yeare the first of August the other is held the eighteenth of October upon Saint Lukes day Next above North is the Bigg and Oate Market every Tuesday and Saterday in the week In which street is an ancient house with a large gate called the Scots Inn where the Kings Nobility and Lards of Scots lodged in time of truee or league with England PILGRIM STREET EAST again is Pilgrim Street the longest and fairest street in the Town In it is a Market for Wheat and Rye every Tuesday and Saterday Likewise an house called the Pilgrims Inn where Pilgrims lodged that came to visit the Shrine in Gesmond or Jesu de Munde which occasioned to call this street Pilgrim-street In the upper part of this street is a Princely house built out of the ruines of the Black Fryers Both East and West

of this street is many passages into other parts of the Town as the neither and higher Deane-Bridge into the West the Mannour Chaire upon the East having a way to that sumptuous building of the Minorites of old called Saint Augustin Fryers also a street called Silver Street having a passage down to Pandon WEST-GATE STREET UPON the West of the Town is Denton Chaire which goeth into West-Gate Street which is a broad street and private for men that lives there hath imployment for Town and Country The Earl of Westmerland had his house in this street and other Gentlemen In this street is an Hospitall called the Spittle In the East of that Chappell is the place for electing of Majors Aldermen Sheriffes and other Officers in the Town next Munday after Michaelmas Day In which place is made of late a famous Grammer-School Writing-School and houses within the Spittle for the Masters Protos Archididascalos or the first head School-Master was that Reverend Master Robart Fowberry a learned and painfull man to indoctrinate youth in Greek and Latine In the North side of the street towards West-Gate is an ancient building called now Bennet Chessie Fryers where now the nine Crafts of this Town have their meeting houses It was called in old time the Grey-Fryers In the South West of the Town is the White-Fryers and neer that a street called Baylisse-Gate which in former times belonged unto the Castle and County of Northumberland there is a Postern Gate where prisouers taken in time of hostility with Scotland and selous of the County of Northumberland were brought in privately into the Castle in Newcastle where the common Gaile for the County is Neer this street is two wayes which goes down into the Close the Long Staires and Tudhill Staires THE GOVERNMENT OF THE TOWN Now let us speak concerning the Government of this Town The first Grant was Burgensibus probis hominibus Novieastri super Tinam To the Burgesses and good men of the Town of Newcastle Out of whom yearly was chosen Baylisses which is the ancient Officers of Cities and Towns in England King Edward the fourth out of his abundant grace and favour to the aforesaid Town Burgesses their heires and successours grants yearly to choose a Major and six Aldermen and that the aforesaid Major and Aldermen for the time being or any four thre or two of them have full power and authority to enquire hear and determine all manner of complaints and causes appertaining to the office of a Justice of the Peace Instead of Baylisses is chosen a Sheriffe yearly King Richard the second gave the Sword to be carried before the Major which represents royall power and authority delegated by Charters to them their heires and successors from their Soveraign The power of a Major is great the highest dignity or honour that can be bestowed upon a City or Town according to that office amongst the Romans of Propraetors and Proconsuls who had in all Countries and Kingdoms under their command their Viceroyes or Representatives In after times upon a division among the Aldermen there were foure Aldermen more added so now it is governed by a Major Recorder ten Aldermen and one Sheriffe Their Officers are two Clarks one for the Town Court the other for the Town Chamber The Officers that attendeth upon his person is a Sword-bearer with a Cap of Maintenance a Water-Baylisse seven Serjeants in their Gowns and Maces All these nine Officers goes before the Major and Aldermen in their gownes to Church and at any solemnity In former times the Aldermen of the Town had their Searlet Gownes but the proud Scot got them by Conquest as they did other Ornaments of the Town thinking no English in authority worthy to weare Seerlet but themselves and so they continued lording over us for two yeares untill they were hyred out as they were brought in being a mercenary Nation for any Nation for mony There are twelve Trades or Crafts which are chief in electing of Major and other Officers viz. Drapers Mereers Glovers Taylors Boothmen Shoomakers Bakers Tanners Sadlers Butchers Smiths and Dyers There is the By-crafts which are fifteen in number every one of them hath their Meeting-houses in the Towers of the Wall and are called at this day by the name of the By-crafts their ancient names is after the name of the founder THE TWENTY-FOUR WARDS OE THE TOWN THERE is foure and twenty Wards in the Town every Ward hath his Tower or Gate in the Walls which they were to keep in times of hostility with the Scots whereof these are some White Friers Tower Ward Nevils Tower Ward West-Spittle Tower Stanke Tower Pink Tower Gunners Tower West-Gate Tower Durham Tower Thickets Tower Carlile Tower Barthram Mumbugget Tower Evers Tower Saint Austines Tower Walke-Knowle Ward c. OF THE RIVER TINE AND THE COMMODITIES THE Port or Haven of this River is able to receive Ships of foure hundred tuns having Rocks on the North side of the Haven and Sands upon the South dangerous in a North-East Wind. Incidit in Seyllam qui vult vitare Charibdim Upon the North side of the Haven is an ancient strong Castle the Seat of the Priour of Tinemouth King Henry the eighth coverted the Castle from a Priory to be a defence for the River and Country against Forraigne Invasions 1. The Southside of the River is Warwick-shire in the County of Durham where is many Salt-Pans which makes white Salt out of Salt Water boyled with Coale 2. An other Commodity that this River bringeth forth is Coale in great abundance most of the people that liveth in these parts lives by the benefit of Coales and are carried out of this River into most parts of England South-Ward into Germany and other transmarine Countries John Johnston out of the Poëms of the Cities of Britain NEW-CASTLE Seated upon high rock she sees Dame Natures wonders strange Or else to others wittily doth vent them for exchange In vain why seek you Fire from Heaven to serve your turn The ground here either keeps it close or quickly makes it burn Nor that which folk with stony flash or whirlwind grim affrights But giveth life to earthly things and minds to living wights This melteth Iron Brasse and Gould so pliable and soft What mind th' allective shade of Gould stirs not nor sets aloft Nay more then so men say it doth dull Mettals change to Gold To say therefore it is a God our Alchymists are bold If God he be as thou glv'st out great Master of thy word How many Gods than doth this place and our Scotland afford Many thousand people are imployed in this trade of Coales many live by working of them in the Pits many live by conveying them in Waggons and Waines to the River Tine many men are imployed in conveying the Coales in Keels from the Stathes aboard the Ships one Coale Merchant imployeth five hundred or a thousand in his Works of Coale yet for all his labour care

and cost can scarce live of his Trade nay many of them hath consumed and spent great estates and dyed beggers I can remember one of many that raysed his estate by Coale-trade many I remember that hath wasted great estates I shall illustrate this by a story of two Spaniards brothers which travelled into the West Indies with that estate and means which they had acquired One of the brothers was a Miner to imploy many slaves in silver Mines the other brother was to be an Husbandman to provide Corne Sheep and other provisions for the Miner and his men much silver was got out of the ground by those Miners the Husbandman got monies out of his stock for his commodities After many yeares delving and labouring in these silver mines at last the Mines was exhausted and decayed and all the money which he had got for many yeares labour and cost was run into his brothers the husbandmans hands and all his stock upstanding he living all that time of the profit that his ground yeelded So it is with our Coale-Miners they labour and are at a great charge to maintain men to work their Collieries they wast their own bodies with care and their Collieries with working the kernell being eaten out of the nut there remaineth nothing but the shell their Collieries is wasted and their monies is consumed this is the uncertainty of Mines a great charge the profit uncertain Some South Gentlemen hath upon great hope of benefit come into this Country to hazard their monies in Coale-Pits Master Beamont a Gentleman of great ingenuity and rare parts adventured into our Mines with his thirty thousand pounds who brought with him many rare engines not known then in these parts As the art to boore with iron rodds to try the deepnesse and thicknesse of the Coale rare engines to draw water out of the Pits Waggons with one horse to carry down Coales from the Pits to the Stathes to the River c. Within few years he consumed all his money and rode home upon his light horse Some Londoners of late hath disbursed their monies for the reversion of a lease of Colliery about thirty yeares to come of the lease When they come to crack their nuts they find nothing but the shells Nuts will not keep thirty yeares there 's a swarme of wormes under ground that will eate up all before their time they may find some Meteors ignis fatuus in stead of a Mine 3. Commodity that this River bringeth forth is Grindstones which is conveyed into most parts of the World according to the Proverb A Scot a Rat and a New-Castle Grindstone you may find all the world over 4. Commodity of this River Is the great plenty of Salmond taken in this water which serveth this Town and other parts Upon the South side of this River stands a Town called Jarro where lived that Venerable Bede admired for his learning in those times of darknesse Camden entituleth him The singular Glory and Ornament of England Malmesbury Vir erat quem mirari facilius quam dignum praedicari possis qui extremo natus orbis Angulo Doctrinae corusco terras omnes perstrinxerat Beda lived in the time of the Saxons Heptarchy in England in the Kingdom of Northumbers seven hundred yeares after Christ This River hath two heads or maine streames South Tine which runs through Allendale North Tine which runs through Tinedale they meet West of Hexam and salute one another DIVINE PROVIDENCE OVER ALL NATIONS AND COUNTRIES OUR most provident and glorious Creator hath so furnished all Countries with severall Commodities that amongst all nations there might be a sociable conversation and mutuall commerce one people standing in need of another all might be combined in a common league and exhibit mutuall succours Non omnia sert anima tellus From the Indies gould silver gems drugs c. From Italy silkes From Spaine fruits saffron sacks From Denmarke amber cordage firs and flax From France wines and linuen From England wooll tinn From these Northern parts coale salt grindstones c. Which trade of coale began not past fourescore yeares since Coales in former times was onely used by Smiths and for burning of lime Woods in the South parts of England decaying and the City of London and other Cities and Towns growing populous made the trade for Coale increase yearely and many great ships of burthen built so that there was more Coales vented in one yeare then was in seven yeares forty yeares by-past this great trade hath made this part to flourish in all trades Camden calls Newcastle Ocellus the Eye of the North the Harth that warmeth the South parts of this Kingdome with sire An Aegypt to all the Shires in the North in time of famine for bread All quarters of the country comes with money in their purses to buy Corne to feed their families this summer This Town hath been famous in soure ages of the world 1. In the time of the Romans being in these parts being the utmost limits of the Roman Empire 2. Famous for the Monasteries in old times 3. This Town famous being a bulwarke against the Scots all the power of Scotland could never win it since the walls were built but of late being assisted by the English was stormed our churches and houses defaced the ornaments of both plundered and carried away the crowne of our heads is fallen woe now unto us for we have sinned 4. Famous for the great trade of Coale White-Salt Grindstones c. which they furnish other countries with Newcastle likewise excells in foure things before spoken 1. The Town Walls Gates Towers and Turrets 2. Saint Nieholas Church Steeple caput inter nubila condit 3. The Tine-Bridge consisting of eight stately Arches Towers and Houses 4. The long and faire Key for ships to unload their commodities The Revenues of the Town is not great considering the disbursements for repairing of Streets High-wayes Bridges maintenance of Ministers Schoole-Masters Poore c. The Armes of the Town is the three Castles Argent in a Field Geules Camden Newe 22. grad. 30. min. Long 54. gr. 57. M. Lat. Hues Newcast 23. grad. 10. min. Long 55. gr. 20. M. Lat. THE SUBURBS OF NEWCASTLE GATESIDE a Burrow upon the South side of the river Tine an ancient inhabited place a parish of it selfe in the Bishopprieke of Durham King Edward the sixth united it to the town of Newcastle since Queen Mary gave it again to the Bishops Sea of Durham The suburbs out of Newgate and Pilgrim-Street are ruinated in these late warres neer unto the Barras-Bridge is an Hospitall dedicated to Mary Magdelane There is many closes in that part and large fields of meddowes called the Castle Leases belonging to the Town the gift of King John as some say to the good men of Newcastle There is a Postern between New-Gate and West-Gate which goeth into a Close called the Warden-Close where the Warden of the Priour of Tine-mouth had his house garden