in their customes and conditions they come neerer the civill fashions of the English Other matters of moment I finde not worthy to be recorded It hath ten Parishes and one Market Towne being also a Haven and is called S. Peters Port built close by the Peere and Castle Cornet IERSEY THe two Ilands Iersey and Garnsey being the only remaines of the Dukedome of Normandie that in former times many yeers together was in the possession and under the command of the Kings of England annexing therunto a large territory and glorious title to the Crowne are both seated in the Sea called Mare Britannicum the Ocean parting them a good distant asunder and are now both adjuncts and within the circuit of Hampshire For the first being the Isle of Iersey it lyeth upon the British Sea having on the North parts the Coast of Hampshire and on the South the Countrie of Normandie 2 This Iland is long not much unlike the fashion of an egge It containes in length from Sentwon Poole upon the West to Mount Orguil Castle on the East ten miles and in bredth from Dubon Point to Plymount bay six miles the whole circuit of the Iland being thirtie eight miles It is distant from a little Iland called Alderney about foure leagues It was in old time called Caesarea whether from Iulius Octavius or any the other Caesars that followed is unknown But the French-men have by corruption of speech long time called it Iersey 3 It is a very delightsome and healthfull Iland and giveth a pleasant aspect unto the seas It lyeth South-ward not farre from a craggy ridge of rocks which is much feared of the Mariners and makes the passage that way very dangerous howbeit it serves for a forcible defence against Pirats or any strangers that attempt invasion and they are termed Casquets 4 The Soile is very fertile bringing forth store of Corn and Cattle but especially of Sheep that are of reasonable bignesse the most of them bearing foure hornes a peece Their wooll very fine and white of which the Inhabitants make their Jersey Stockings which are ordinarily to be had in most parts of England and yeeld a great commoditie unto the Iland 5 The first originall of the Inhabitants sprung either from the Normans or Britains or both They speake French though after a corrupt manner and have continued their names language customes and Countrey without any or little intermixture these many hundred yeers having been under the jurisdiction of the English ever since the untimely and unnaturall death of Robert Duke of Normandie eldest sonne to William the Conquerour 6 The people of this Countrey live very pleasantly as well by the profits of the Land as the helps and furtherances of the Sea that yeelds unto them and especially in Summer season great store of fish but principally Conger and Lobsters the greatest and fattest upon the coast of England Wood is very scant for their best fuell is Turfe some Coale they have brought unto them but it is very deare straw furre and ferne serving their ordinary uses The middle part of the Iland hath many prety Hils rising in it yeelding a delightfull object unto the vallies that receive from one another a mutuall pleasure 7 The Governour of the I le is the Captaine thereof who appointeth certaine Officers under him the principall of whom carrieth the name and title of a Bailiffe that in civill causes hath the assistance of twelve Jurats to determine of differences and minister Justice in criminall matters seven in matters of reason and conscience five Their twelve are chosen out of the twelve Parishes so that no man goeth further to complaine then to his own Jurate in ordinary controversies but matters of moment and difficultie are determined before the Bailiffe in a generall meeting 8 This I le hath two little Ilands adjacent the one S. Albons the other Hillary Iland It hath twelve Parishes and foure Castles No other Monuments of name or note THE SECOND BOOKE Containing THE PRINCIPALITY OF WALES DELIVERING An exact Topographie of the COUNTIES Divisions of their CANTREVES and COMMOTS Descriptions of their CITIES and Shire-TOVVNES WITH A COMPENDIOVS RELATION OF THINGS MOST MEMORABLE IN EVERY OF THEM Performed BY JOHN SPEED LONDON Printed by Iohn Legatt for William Humble 1646. Cum Privilegio DIEV ET MON DROIT ✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MAL ✚ Y ✚ PENSE ✚ A Catalogue of such Princes sprung from THE ROYALL STEMME OF THE ENGLISH KINGS AS HAVE BEENE Entituled PRINCES OF WALES since the time of that Countries last Conquest and first voluntary subjection under King EDVVARD the First 1 Edward Carnarvon named afterwards Edward 2. son to K. Edward 1. 2 Edward of Windsor afterwards Edward the third 3 Edward the Black Prince sonne to K. Edward 3. 4 Richard of Burdeux sonne to the Black Prince afterwards R. 2. 5 Henry of Monmouth sonne to Henry 4. afterwards H. 5. 6 Henry of Windsor the sonne of Henry 5. afterwards H. 6. 7 Edward of Westminster the sonne of K. H. 6. 8 Edward of Westminster the sonne of K. Edw. 4. 9 Edward the sonne of K. Richard the third 10 Arthur the sonne of K. Henry the seventh 11 Henry the sonne of K. H. 7. afterwards K. H. 8. 12 Edward the sonne of H. 8. afterwards K. Edw. 6. 13 Mary the daughter of K. H. 8. 14 Elizabeth the daughter of K. H. 8. 15 HENRY the sonne of K. IAMES our Soveraigne THE NAMES OF THE COVNTIES IN WALES AS THEY ARE NOVV NVMBRED AND ANNEXED VNTO THE ENGLISH Crowne in such order as we have described them 1 Pembroke-shire 2 Caermarden-shire 3 Glamorgan-shire 4 Brecknock-shire 5 Radnor-shire 6 Cardigan-shire 7 Mountgomery-shire 8 Merioneth-shire 9 Denbigh-shire 10 Flint-shire 11 Caernarvon-shire 12 Anglesey Isle THE GENERALL DESCRIPTION AND SEVERALL DIVISIONS OF THE PRINCIPALITIE OF WALES ANtiquitie hath avouched that the whole Isle of Britaine was divided into three parts The first and fairest lay contained within the French Seas the Rivers of Severne Dee and Humber called then Lhoyger which name it â—â—t retaineth in Weâ—sh in English called England The second part occupied all the Land North-ward from Humber to the Orkney Sea called by the Latines Mare Caleâ—nium or Deucalidonium now famously known by the name of Scotland The third part was this lying betwixt the Irish Seas the Rivers Severne and Dee and was called Cambria which name doth yet continue with them though we the English call it Wales as the people Welshmen which is strange and strangers for so at this day the dwellers of Tyroll in the higher Germany whence our Saxons are said to have come doe name the Italian their next neighbour a Welsh-man and his language Welsh 2 This opinion Verstegan doth altogether contradict rather judging by the ancient Teutonicke tongue which the Germans spake and wherein the G is pronounced for W that these Saxons called them Gallish from the Gaules whence their originall proceeded rather then Wallish from
of the Christian King of France his eldest son the Dolphin of France by their Salique Law no woman or heirs may inherit how justly I may not determine But yet the English have good reason to examine the Equitie For it cost our Edward the Third his Crowne of France to which he was heire in generall by marriage of a Daughter But the truth is we have beene ever easie to part with our hold there or at least forced to forgoe it by our civill dissentions at home else after all those glorious Victories of our Predecessors we might have had some power more to shew there as well as title FRANCE revised and augmented the attires of the French and situations of their cheifest cityes obserued by Iohn Speede. Are to be sould in Pops head alley by Geoâ—Humble Ano. 1626 THE SCALE OF MILLES 12 Aquitania lyeth on the West of France close upon the Pyrenaean Mountaines and Contunies 1 Another part of Biscay mentioned in the Mappe of Spaine and indeed differeth from that but very little 2 Gascoigne and Guien The first to this day keeps its name with a very little change from the Spanish Vascones The chiefe City is Burdigala or Burdeaux a Parliamentary and Archiepiscopall seat and Vniversitie of good esteeme was honoured with the birth of our Richard the second Another Citie of note is Tholouse a seate Parliamentarie and supposed to be as ancient as the Rule of Deborah in Israel This Gascoigne containes in the Earledomâ—s of Forie Comminges Armeniaci and the Dutch Albert. 3 Pictaria Poictu on the North of Guien a pleasant Region and a plentifull It containes three Bishopricks Poitiers Lucon and Mailazai Her chiefe Cities are Poictiers an ancient and the largest next Paris in all France Castrum Heraldi once the title of the Scotch Earles of Hamildon In this Province was fought the great Battel betwixt our Black Prince and Iohn of France where with eight thousand he vanquished fortie thousand tooke the King Prisoner and his sonne Philip 70. Earles 50. Barons and 12000. Gentlemen 4 Sonictonia severed from Poictiers but by the River Canentell and so differs but little from her fertility Her Metropolis Saints Her other chiefe Bourg Blay Marennes Saint Iohn D'angely and Anglosme Betwixt this Country Poictiers stands Rochell a place the best fortified both by nature and art of any in Europe And is at this time possest by those of the Reformed Religion where they stand upon their guard and defend their freedome of conscience against the Roman Catholikes of France 5 Limosin in limo sita saith some Maginus takes it from Liwoges her chiefe Citie toward the North which revolted was recovered by our Black Prince Her other Towns of note are Tulles and Vxerca and Chaluz where our Richard the first was shot It hath beene by turnes possest by French and English till Charles the Seventh Since we have had little hold there 6 Berry regio Biturigum from her chiefe City Bituris now Burges an Archiepiscopall See and Vniversitie It is exceedingly stored with sheepe and sufficiently well with other Merchandize of value 7 Burbone from her chiefe City Burbone heretofore Boya a Dukedome and much frequented by Princes and the Nobility of France by reason of her healthfull ayre and commodious Baths 8 Tureine the Garden of France Her chiefe Cities Bloys Amboys Trurs and a little higher upon the Loyre stand Orleance 13 Lugdunensis or Celtica lyeth betwixt the Rivers Loyre and Seyne and takes the name from Lugdunum or Lions her chiefe Citie This Province comprehends 1 Britany heretofore Armorica till subdued by Maximinus King of England about the yeare 367. since it hath had the name of Britany and for distinction from this of ours it is commonly styled Minor Britannia There is yet remaining a smatch of the Welsh tongue which it seemes the Invaders had so great a desire to settle in those parts as a trophie of their Conquests that when they first mingled in marriage with the Inhabitants they cut out their wives tongues as many as were Natives that no sound of French might be heard among their Children It hath few Rivers but that defect is in some measure made up by their neighbourhood of the Sea in so much that the Countrey is reckoned one of the most fertile in all France for Corne Wine and Wood. It breeds good Horses and speciall Dogges Iron Leade c. Her chiefe Cities are Nants Rhenes St. Brenie and Rohan It is divided into Britanniam inferiorem the base or lower Britanie Westward neerest England and Superiorem toward the Loyre Eastward Her chiefe ports are St. Malo and Breste 2 Normandie a part of the Region which was heretofore called Newstria and took the name it hath from the Norwegians Their first Duke was Rollo and the sixt from him our William the Conquerour It was lost from his Successors in the time of King Iohn Her chiefe Cities are Rhothomagus or Rhoan the Metropolis Constance and Cane memorable for the siege of our English H. the fift And Verveile besieged by Philip the second of France in the time of our Richard the first which when the King heard as he sate in his Palace at Westminster it is said he sware he would never turne his back to France till he had his revenge and to make good his oath brake through the wals and justly performed his threat upon the besiâ—ger Her principall parts are Harflew the first which King Henry the fift of England assaulted and New Haven given up by the Prince of Conde to Queene Elizabeth as a Pledge for such Forces as she would supply him with to maintaine Warres with the King in defence of Religion And Deepe c. 3 Anjoue regio Andegavensis a fertile Countrey and yeelds the best Wine of France excellent Marble and other faire stone for buildings Her chiefe Citie is Anjers which Ortelius takes to be Ptolemy's Iuliomagum It is now an Vniversitie To this Dukedome there are foure Earledomes which owe a kind of homage Manie Vandosme Beufort and Laval 4 Francia which gives name to the whole Kingdome and received it her selfe from the Germane Francones which before inhabited the great Forrest called Sylva Hircynia Her chief City and the glory of France is Paris or Lutetia auasi in luâ—o sita in compasse twelve miles is reckoned the first Academie of Euâ—rope consists of fiftie-five Colledges And here was Henry the sixt Crowned King of France and England In this Province stands St. Vincents where Henry the fift died and Sâ—isons and the Dukedome of Valoys c. 5 Campaigne and Brye partners in the title of Earledome it is severed from Picardie onely with the River A fertile Countrey and hath many eminent Cities The principall is Rheimes where the Kings most commonly are Crowned and annointed with an Oyle sent they say from Heaven which as oft as it hath beene used never decreaseth It is the Seat of an Arch-bishop and Vniversitie of â—ote especially with our
Northampton endammaged and the Countrey adjoyning spoyled through the civil dissention of the three brethren William Robert and Henry sons to the Conq. H. 1. An. 7. 1106. 8 Powes land invaded by King Henry 1. and resisted so by the Welch being strooke with an arrow on the breast that it had almost cost him his life An. reg 21. 1121. 9 At Cardigan a sore battell was fought in Octob. 1136. whereinmany thousands were slaine and men by women led away captives reg Steph. 1. 10 Bristow taken by Robert Earle of Glocester in the defence of his sister Maud the Empresse against K. Stephen reg 3. 1138. 11 David K. of Scots invading Northumberland made his spoyle as far as Alverton in Yorkeshire where being encountred by Thurstan Archbishop of Yorke William Earle of Albemarle Wa. Espeke Wil. Peverel and the two Lacies Aug. 22. was with his sonne Henry put to flight and ten thousand Scots slain 1139. Sep. 4. 12 Nottingham taken and burned by Rob. bastard Earle of Glocester in defence of his sister Maud the Empresse 1140. Steph. 5. 13 At Lincolne by Ranulph Earle of Chester and Rob. Earle of Glocester K. Stephen was taken prisoner had to Glocest. thence to Bristow and there laid in irons Feb. 2. 1141. reg 5. 14 From Winchester Maud the Empresse her Armies both of Scots and English dispersed overcome fled to Lutegarshall to Vies and thence to Glocester laid in a horse-litter fained to be her dead corps and her brother Rob. taken prisoner reg Step. 6. 1141. 15 From Oxford Maud the Empresse with five persons â—â—e apparelled in white sheets to deceive the Kings Scout-watch fled through the snow and so escaped that besieged Town An. 1142. Steph. 7. 16 At Edmundsbury Robert Earle of Leicester with Petronill his Countesse were taken prisoners and 20000. taken and slain by Richard Lucie L. chiefe Iustice and Humfrey dâ— Bohun high Constable of England Octob. 17. 1173. H. 2.19 17 At Aluwick W. King of Scots was taken prisoner by Rob. Scotvile Randulph Mandevile Barnard Bailiol W. Vescy Capt his army containing 80000. fighting men Iuly 7. 1174. he was sent to London and by K. Henry carried into Normandy imprisoned at Roan and ransomed at 4000. pounds 18 At Lincolne all the English Barons with 400. Knights that took part with Lewes were overthrown and taken May 19. 1217. and first of H. 3. 19 At Montgomery Llewellen Prince of Wales through the practise of a traiterous Monk overcame and slew many of the Kings power An. 1231. reg H. 3.15 20 At Chesterfield a conflict was done wherein Robert Ferrers Earle of Darby was taken and many slain An. H. 3.41 1256. 21 Northampton surprised by King Henry 3. agâ—inst his rebellious Barons April 4 1263. reg 48. 22 At Lewes May 12. 1264. King H. 3. by his unfaithfull Barons with his brother Richard King of Alman and his son Prince Edward were taken prisoners There were slain about 4500. by Simon Montfort Gil. Clare Earlâ— of Leicest Glocest. reg H. 3.48 23 At Evesham the 5. of Aug. 1265. a sore battell was fought wherein K. H. 3. prevailed against the Barons through their owne dissentions and most of them slain as Sim. Monfort Earl of Leicest and 17. Lords and Knights besides Humfrey Bohun and with him tenne men of great account taken prisoners and slaughter of all the Welch-men An. reg 48. 24 Berwick won and 25000. Scottish slain An. E. 1.24 1296. 25 At Bluith Leolin the last Prince that bare rule of the Britains coming from Snowdown by Rog. Strangb was slaine and his head crowned with Ivie set upon the Tower of London Edward 1.10 An. 1282. 26 At Mitton 3000. Yorkeshire men were slaine encountring with the Scots invading their Countrey called the white battell for that it consisted most of Clergieâ—men An. 1318. reg E. 2.12 27 Vnto Preston in Andernesse Rob. Bruse King of Scots invaded England burned the same Towne and haried the Countrey before him reg E. 2.14 An. 1322. 28 Borrowbridge battell fought betwixt E. 2. and his Barons Mar. 16. 1322. under the leading of Andr. Hercley Earle of Carlile where Tho. Earle of Lanc. was taken and with him 65. Lords and Knights Hum. Bohun being thrust into the fundament through a bridge was slaine An. reg 14. 29 At Blackamore the Scots following the English army took prisoners the Earle of Richm. and the French Ambassadour the King himselfe hardly escaped An. reg E. 2.15 1323. 30 At Glamorgan K. E. 2. by his unnaturall and cruell wife was taken November 16. 1326. and conveyed to Monmouth to Ledbery to Kenilworth to Corffe to Bristow thence to Barkley Castle and there lamentably murdered Septem 21. 31 At Stannop park the Scots intrenched themselves and against the English made rimes of disgrace as followeth An. Edw. 3.2 1328. Long beards heartlesse painted hoods witlesse Gay coates gracelesse make England thriftlesse 32 At Halidow-hill a great battell fought against the Scots wherein were slaine 8. Earles 1300. horse-men and common souldiers 35000. and their chiefe Champion Turnbul overcome by Rob. Venall Knight of Norfolke An. E. 3.7 1333. 33 Southampton sackt by Genoway Pirates under the leading of the King of Sicils son yet the Townes-men slâ—w 300. of them and their Captaine brained by a husbandmans club An. 1338. E. 3.12 34 Carleil Penreth and many Towns else burnt by the Scots under Wil. Dowglas yet lastly are overcome by the manhood and policy of Tho. Lucy Rob. Ogle the B. of that sea An. reg E. 3.19 1345. 35 At Nevils Crosse David Bruse King of Scots invading England with 60000. souldiers was taken prisoner by Io. Copland Esquire and conveyed to London with many of his Nobility besides many noble men slain in the field under the leading of Wil. Yong. Archb. of Yorke vicegerent the Lords Mowbray Percie and Nevill Q. Phillip in her owne person present encouraging her people to fight reg E. 3.20 1346. 36 The insurrection of the commons under the leading of Iack Straw Wat. Tiler and others after many rebellious acts done in Kent and Essex from Black-â—eath Mile-end and Smith-field were dispersed where the said Wat. Tiler was worthily slain by Wil. Walworth Maior of Lond. on Saturday Iun. 15. reg Rich. 2.4 An. 1381. 37 At North-Walsham the rebellious commons by the instigation of Io. Wraw who had gathered 50000. in Suffolke and under the leading of Iohn Litisar of Norwich Dyer calling himselfe King of the Commons were by Henry Spencer Bishop of that City overcome and their rusticall King drawn hanged and beheaded who had by violence carried with him the Lord Seales the Lord Morley Stephen Hales and Robert Sale Knights to serve at his Table and take his assayes Rich. 2.4 1381. 38 Neare Hatfield the rebellious commons of Essex were overcome and 500. of them slaine by Thomas Woodstock Duke of Glocest. An. 1382. Ric. 2.5 39 At Radcot-Bridge Tho. Duke of Glocester the Earls of Arundel Warwick Darby and Nottingham encountring
twenty eight thousand and fifteene were of Religious order and yet among these he accounteth no part of Cornwall But from this report it may well be that Rossus Warwicanus complaineth of the depopulation of the Land which with Towne-ships saith he anciently had stood so bestrewed as a goodly Garden every where garnished with faire flowers 11 King Elfred the first divider instituted a Prefect or Lieutenant in every of these Counties which then were called Custodes and â—fterwards Earles saith Higdon who kept the Countrey in obedience to the King and suppressed the outrages of notorious robbers But Canutus the Dane when successe had set him upon the English Throne divided the care of his Kingdomes affaires into a foure-fold subjection to wit West-Sex Mercia Northumbre and East-England himselfe taking charge of the first and the greatest making three Tetrarches of especiall trust over the rest namely Edrich over Mercia Yrtus over Northumbre and Turkill over East-England Wales neither in this division nor that of King Elfred was any waies liable it being cut as we have said from England by King Offa but those remnants of the ancient Britaines divided likewise that Westerne Province into Kingdomes Cantreds and Commots as more largely we will shew in the plot of that Principalitie And this shall suffice for the division of England under the Saxons who enjoyed it the space of 567. yeeres from their first entrance under Hengist unto the death of Edmund Ironside and againe under Edward Confessor the terme of twenty yeeres 12 Now if any shall be so minutely curious as to enquire the meaning of the Emblematicall compartments bordering the Mappe the right side containeth the first seven Kings of that sevenfold State their Names their Kingdomes their Escocheons their yeeres of first aspiring the left side doth portraict the like of the seven first kings in each of those Kingdomes which by Christian Baptisme aspired to the hope of a Kingdome eternall 1. Ethelbert of Kent receiving Austens instruction 2. Sebert the East-Saxon converting by advice of B. Miletus the Temples of Diana and Apollo now S. Pauls in London and S. Peters in Westminster to the service of Christ. 3. Erpenwald the East-Angle received Baptisme by exhortation of King Edwin the Northumbrian though as it seemeth Edwin himselfe for a time deferred his owne Baptisme and was therefore martyred by his Pagan Subjects 4. Edwine the Northumbrian stirred up by a vision both to expect the Kingdome and to receive the Faith which he did by the preaching of Paulinus whom he made Arch-bishop of Yorke 5. Kingill the West Saxon converted by the preaching of S. Berinus whom he made Bishop of Dorcester neere Oxford 6. Peada the Mercian receiving Christian Faith by perswasion of Oswy King of Northumbers was murdered by his owne mothers some say his wives procurement 7. Ethelwolfe the South-Saxon Baptized at Oxford by S. Berinus where Wulpherus King of Mercia was his God father at Font. 13 And sith these Saxons first gave to this Iland the name of England we will here affixe for a close of all an ancient Epigram touching both this Country and her Name the rather because of late a principall part and prayse therein is surreptitiously against Lex Plagiaria taken from England and ascribed as proper to France A certaine Author saith Bartholomeus de proprietatibus rerum thus in verse describeth England Anglia terra ferox fertilis Angulus Orbis Insula praedives quae toto vix eget Orbe Et cujus totus indiget Orbis ope Angliaplenajocis Gens Libera aptajocari Libera Gens cui libera mens libera lingua Sed linguâ melior liberiorque manus ENGLAND fierce Land Worlds Angle fertile art Rich I le thou needst no other Countries Mart Each other Country yet thy succour needs ENGLAND Ioyes Land be free and joyous long Free Race free Grace free Kind free Mind Tongue Yet Hands passe Tongues for free and glorious deeds THE TYPE OF THE FLORISHING KINGDOME OF ENGLAND VVITH THE GENERALL DESCRIPTION OF IT AS IT WAS FROM THE TIME OF THE NORMANS CHAPTER III. THE Saxons glory now neer to expire by his appointment who holdeth both times and Kingdomes in his all-ordering hand their owne swords being the instruments and the Danes the maules that beat their beautifull Diademe into pieces the Normans a stirring Nation neither expected nor much feared under the leading of William their Duke and encouragement of the Romane Bishop an usuall promoter hereof broken titles made hither sodainly into England who inone onely battell with the title of his sword and slaughter of Harold set the Emperiall Crown thereof upon his own head which no sooner was done but the English went downe and the Normans lording it became owners of those Cities which themselves never built possessed those Vineyards which they never planted dranke of those Wels which they never had digged and inhabited those houses filled With riches for which they never had laboured for they found it to be as the Land whereupon the Lord set his eye even from the beginning to the end of the yeer not onely drinking water of the raine of heaven but having also Rivers of waters and fountaines in her valleyes and without all scarcitie whose stones are yron and out of whose mountains is digged brasse This made them more resolute at first to settle themselves in this fairest and fruitfullest part of the Iland the Conquerour using all policy both Martial and Civill to plant his posterity here for ever How he found the Land governed we shewed in the Heptarchie but his restlesse thoughts were not contented with conquering the Nation and their Land unlesse he also overcame their very Customes Lawes and Language 2 Touching the distribution of the Kingdome whereas other kings before him made use of it chiefly for good of the people and better ministring of Iustice he made use of it to know the wealth of his Subjects and to enrich his Coffers for he caused a description to be made of all England how much land every one of his Barons possessed how many Knights fees how many Plow-lands how many in villanage how many head of beasts yea how much ready money every man from the greatest to the least did possesse and what rents might be made of every mans possession the Booke of which inquisition yet in the Exchequer was called Domes-day for the generalitie of that Iudgement on all the Land Whereunto we may adde his other distribution of this Land worse then any former when thrusting the English out of their possessions he distributed their inheritances to his Souldierâ— yet so that all should be held of the King as of the onely triâ— Lord and possessor 3 For the Lawes by which he meant to governe he held one excellent rule and purpose which was that a People ought to be ruled by Lawes written and certaine
there are certain fields here adjoyning where Geese flying over fall downe suddenly to the ground to the great admiration of all men But such as are not given to superstitious credulitie may attribute this unto a secret proprietie of this ground and a hidden dissent betwixt this soyle these Geese as the like is between Wolves and the Squilla roots At Skengrave a little village some seventie yeers since was caught a fish called a Sea-man that for certaine dayes together fed on raw fishes but espying his opportunitie escaped againe into his watery element At Hunt-Cliffe are found stones of a yellowish others of a reddish colour of a certain salt matter which by their smel and taste make shew of Copperasse Nitre and Brimstone Also great store of Marquesites in colour resembling brasse Ounsbury hill besides a spring of medicinable waters for the eyes is a prognostication unto her neighbours whose head being covered with a cloudy cap presageth some tempestuous stormes or showres to follow So doth another place neer Moulgrave Castle where is found blacke Amber or Iette some take it to be Gagates in old time a Gemme and precious stone of great estimation At Huntly Nabo are stones found at the rootes of certain rockes of divers bignesse so artificially shaped round by Nature in manner of a Globe as if they had been made by the Turners hand In which if you break them are found stony Serpents enwrapped round like a wreath but most of them headlesse 7 Matters for martiall note are the Battailes fought at Battlebridge of which it takes the name where Harald King of England had a great Victory against the Danes who with a fleet of two hundred saile grievously annoyed the I le of Britaine where Harald the King of Norway was slaine and Harald of England besides the Honour of the field found a great masse of Gold Also the Battaile commonly called the Battaile of Standard in which David King of Scots was put to flight and the English made a great slaughter of his people At Thruske Roger Mowbray out of his strong Castle displayed his banner and called the King of Scots to the overthrow of his own native Countrey even at that time when King Henry the second had as it were rashly digd his own grave by investing his sonne King in equall authority with himself But his rebellion was in the end quenched with blood and the Castle quite dismantled so that beside a ditch and rampier there is no signe or shew left of a Castle 8 Places of Pietie erected in these parts were the Abbey of Saint Hilda built neere Dunesly The faire and rich Abbey of Gisburgh built about the yeer of our Salvation 1110. The Priory of Chanons founded at Kirkham The Monastery neere unto Beverley which Beda nameth Derwaud The Monastery of Saint Michael by Hull The two Abbies of Newborough and Biland The abbey of Meaux and another not farre from Cottingham which the founder purposely built for the Monkes of the Cluniacke Order that he might be released of the Vow he had made to visit Hierusalem all of them resorted unto by continuall concourse of Pilgrims to make their adorations in those dayes of Ignorance but since the true God hath unmasked the errours of those times by the truth of his Word the same places are worthily become the subjects of his just displeasure for worshipping Images and false tutelar Gods instead of the true and everliving Saviour 9 These parts and divisions of Yorkshire consisting upon the North and East-ridings containe twenty five Market-Townes for buying and selling eleven Castles for strength and fortification and 459. Parishes for Gods divine worship under which be very many Chappels for number of Inhabitants equall to very great Parishes ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Townes Rivers and memorable places mentioned in the North and East-Riding of York-Shire North-Riding Hundreds 1 Gillingwest wap 2 Gillingeast wap 3 Allerton Shire 4 Langbargh Lib. 5 Whitbystrand Li. 6 Pickering Wap 7 Rydall Wapen 8 Bulmar wapen 6 Burdforth wapen 10 Hallikeld wapen 11 Hangeast wapen 12 Hangwest wapen East-Riding Hundreds 1 Buccrosse Wapen 2 Dickering Wapen 3 Holdernes Wapen 4 Ouse and Derwent Wapen 5 Howdâ—usâ—er Wap Harthil W. Wilton Devi Baynton Devi Holmâ— Devi Hunsley Devi A Abbane Chappel Diâ— Acklam Lan. Acklam Buc. Aglethorp Hangw Anderby aniers Hangeast Anderby Wheâ—â—how Hal. Aismby Hallâ— Aiskew Hangeast Aiskugge Hangwest Atton Dic. Aldbrough Hangeasâ— Aldby Buc. Aldwarke Bulm Allerthorpe Halli. Allerthorpe Wilt. Alleston Pick. ALLERTON North Al. Alune Bulme Anderby Steeple Gillinge Amotherby Rydal Ampleforth Burdf Ampleforth Rydal Apeâ—side Hangwest Applegarth Forâ—eit Gillw Applegarth Manâ—k Gillw Appleton Rydal Appleton Rydal Appleton Lan. Appleton East Hange Appleton West Hangeast Aâ—den Burdf Aâ—denside Burdf Aâ—ke flu Arkengarth Dade Gillw Arncliff Burdf Arngill Gillingwest Armantwhaite Lan. Auran Hâ—ld Arsham Lan. Aske Gillingwest Asselby Howd Atwick Hâ—ld Auderby Hangeast Auderby Hangeast Aughton Hâ—lm Auldburge Gillingw Aumoad Park Burdf Awlbâ—ough Hold. Awthorne Hangwest Ayskaâ—th Hangwest Ayslaby Pick. Aysleybye Lan. Ayton greaâ— Lan. Ayton little Lan. B Babthorpe Derwent Bagby Burdf Baldesby Halli. Baindridge Hangw Banâ—y flu Barden Hangwest Barforth Gillingw Barhouse Huns. Baâ—leby Derwent Barmby Howd Barmeston Hold. Barmingham Gillinw Barnabre Lan. Barnloye Wilt. Barnsdale Chap. Rid. Barton Halâ—i Barton Bulm Barton Gillingeast Barton in the street Ryd Barton upon Yor. Hange Barthorpe Bucc Barwick Lan. Basbie Lan. Battersbie Lan. Bauder flu Bauder Dale Gilling Balderskarth Hill Gillinwest Bargh little Rydal Bargh great Rydal Bayesdale Lan. Baiton Baint Bealhi Holm BEDALL Hangeast Belbie Howd Bellathy Hangwest Bellasisse Howd Bently Hâ—â—s Bempton Dic. Bemingbrough Bâ—l. Bemingham Hold. Bery Chappel Bucc Bessomby Dic. Bessewick Baint BEVERLEY Huns. Bewdlam Rydal Bewâ—am Hold. Biland old Burdf Biland Abbey Burdf Bilsdale Rydal Bilsealed Burdf Bilton Hold. Birdâ—all Buck. Birkbie Aller Birkdale Hangw Blackholm Blackâ—ost Howd Blaydeâ— Hangw Blaker More Whit. Blamby Parke Pick. Bolton Gillingwest Bolton Wilt. Bolton Gillingwest Barnell Howd Booth Howd Boâ—robie Burdf Botrowbie Aller Botrowbie Lan. Bossalt Bulm Boultbie Burdf Boulton East Hangw Boulton West Hangw Bourne Hoâ—me Bonwick Hold. Bowes Gillingwest Boynton Dic. Boythorpe Dic. Bracken Baynt. Brakenborgh Burdf Brackenholm Derw Bradley Hangw Brickhall Hange Bransdale Rydal Bâ—â—nesbutton Hold. Brankingham Huns. Branthingham How THE NORTH AND EAST RIDINS OF YORKSHIRE Bransby Bulmâ—r Braâ—serton â—ulmâ—r Brawby Rydall Brawiâ—h Aller BRIDLINGTON D Bridlington key Dic. Brighton Holm Brigham Dic. Brigwell Gillingw Briscoe East Gillinw Briscoe west Gillinw Brittinby Gillingeast Bromefleete Huns. Brompton Allerton Brompton Dic. Brompton Pick. BromptoÌ„ upon Swayle Gillinwest Brotton Lâ—ngh Brough Hold. Broughton Rydal BroughtoÌ„ great Laâ— Brâ—xay Whit. Bubwith Holm Buckton Dic. Bâ—dickepark Lang. Bugthorpe Bucc Bulmer Bulm Burdforth Burdf Burdghall hangeast Buâ—gh Huâ— Burnby Wilton Burnby Holm Buâ—nholne Holm Buâ—nholm south Hol Burmston Halli. Burnton Gillinge Burrell Hangeast Buâ—robe Alleâ— Button Gillinge Button Hangw
at one end and narrow at another is not much unlike in fashion to a wedge a peece of which is cut off by the meeting of Cheshire and Denbigh-shire South-East in distance some foure miles It borders East-ward with part of Cheshire from whence it is garded in length with the River Dee unto the North which parteth Worral and Flint-shire till you come to a little Iland called Hell-bree Northward it is bounded with the Virginian Sea on the West a little River called Cluyd parteth her and Denbigh-shire asunder and on the South altogether by Shrop-shire 2 This Countrey is nothing Mountainous as other parts of Wales are but rising gently all along the River of Dee makes a faire shew and prospect of her selfe to every eye that beholds her as well upon the River being in most places there-abouts foure or five miles broad as upon the other side thereof being a part of Cheshire 3 The Ayre is healthfull and temperate without any foggy clouds or fenny vapours saving that sometimes there ariseth from the Sea and the River Dee certaine thick and smoky-seeming mists which neverthelesse are not found hurtfull to the Inhabitants who in this part live long and healthfully 4 The Clime is somewhat colder there then in Cheshire by reason of the Sea and the River that engirts the better part of her by which the Northerne winds being long carried upon the waters blow the more cold and that side of the Countrey upward that lyeth shoaring unto the top having neither shelter nor defence receiveth them in their full power and is naturally a Bulwarke from their violence unto her bordering neighbours that maketh the snow to lye much longer there then on the other side of the River 5 The Soile bringeth forth plenty both of Corne and grasse as also great store of Cattle but they be little To supply which defect they have more by much in their numbers then in other places where they be bigger Great store of Fish they take in the River of Deâ— but little from the Sea by reason they have no Havens or Creekes for boates No great store of Woods either there or in any other part of Wales are found it having beene a generall plague unto all the Countrey ever since the head-strong rebellions of their Princes and great men against the Kings of England that in time tooke away the principall helpes of their Innovations by cutting downe their woods whereof in this Shire there hath heretofore beene great plenty Fruits are scarce but Milke Butter and Cheese plenty as also store of Honey of the which they make a pleasant Wine in colour like in taste not much unlike unto Muskadine which they call Matheglin Yea and in the dayes of Giraldus Cambrensis neere the place now called Holy-Well was a rich Mine of Silver in seeking after which men pierced and pryed into the very bowels of the earth 6 The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices a sturdy people against the Romans but now most kind and gentle towards the English and indeed make much of all strangers except they be crossed and then they are the contrary 7 Places of defence are the Castles of Flint Hawarden vulgarly Harden Treer Rudland Mold Yowley and Hope of which Flnt and Harden are the two principall The Castle of Flint famous for the benefit it received from two Kings and for the refuge and reliefe it gave unto the third It was founded by Henry the second finished by Edward the first and long after gave harbour and entertainment to that Noble but unfortunate Prince Richard the second comming out of Ireland being within her walles a free and absolute King but no sooner without but taken prisoner by Henry Bullinbroke Duke of Lancaster losing at that time his liberty and not long after his life This standeth in the graduation of Latitude 53 55. minutes in Longitude 17. For the Castle of Hawarden no record remaines of the first Founder but that it was held a long time by the Stewards of the Earles of Chester Howbeit their resistances did not so generally consist in the strength of their Castles and Fortifications as in their Mountaines and Hills which in times of danger served as naturall Bulwarkes and Defences unto them against the force of enemies As was that which standeth in a certaine strait set about with Woods neere unto the River Alen called Coles-hull that is Coles-hill where the English by reason of their disordered multitude not ranged close in good array lost the field and were defeated when King Henry the second had made as great preparation as might be to give battell unto the Welsh and the very Kings Standard was forsaken by Henry of Essex who was Standard bearer to the King of England in right of inheritance 8 This Country hath many shallow Rivers in it but none of fame and note but d ee and Cluyde Howbeit there is a Spring not farre from Rudland Castle of great report and antiquity which is termed Fons Sacer in English Holy-Well and is also commonly called Saint Winefrids Well of whom antiquity thus reporteth That Winefrid a Christian Virgin very faire and vertuous was doated upon by a young lustfull Prince or Lord of the Countrey who not being able to rule his head-strong affections having many times in vaine attempted and tryed her chastitie both by rich gifts and large promises could not by any meanes obtaine his desires he therefore in a place of advantage suddenly surprized and ravished her weake yet resisting body After the deed done the cruell Tyrant to stop her cryes and acclamations slew her and cut off her head out of which place did suddenly arise a Spring that continueth to this day carrying from the Fountaine such a forcible streame and current as the like is not found in Christendome Over the head of the Spring there is built a Chappell of free-stone with Pillars curiously wrought and ingraved in the Chancell whereof and Glasse-window the picture of the Virgin is drawne together with the memoriall of her life and death To this Fountaine Pilgrims are accustomed to repaire in their zealous but blind devotion and divers others resort to bathe in holding firmely that the water is of much vertue There be many red stones in the bottome of this Well and much greene mosse growing upon the sides the superstition of the people holding that those red spots in the stones were drops of the Ladies blood which all the water in the Spring can never wash away and that the mosse about the wall was her haire which though some of it be given to every stranger that comes yet it never wasteth But howsoever this be carried for truth by the tradition of time the mosse it selfe smells exceeding sweet There is also hard by Kilken a small village within this County a little Well of no great note that at
as also for the faithfull loyaltie which it hath alwayes shewed to the Imperiall Crowne of England for ever since it was wonne by Richard Earle of Pembroke it still performed the obedience and peaceable offices of dutie andervice unto the English as they continued their course in the conquest of Ireland whence it is that the Kings of England have from time to time endowed it with many large Franchises and lâ—berties which King Henry the seventh did both augment and confirme 8 Although since the time if S. Patricke Christianitie was never extinct in this Countrey yet the government being haled into contrary factions the Nobilitie lawlesse and the multitude wilfull it hath come to passe that Religion hath waâ—ed with the temporall common sort more cold and feeble being most of them very irreligious and addicted wholly to superstitious observations for in some parts of this Province some are of opinion that certaine men are yearely turned into Wolves and made Wolfe-men Though this hath been constantly affirmed by such as thinke their censures worthy to passe for currant and credible yet let us suppose that happily they be possessed with the disease and maladie that the Physitians call Lycanthropi which begetteth and engendreth such like phantasies through the malicious humors of Melancholy and so oftentimes men imagine themselves to be turned and transformed into formes which they are not Some again embrace another ridiculous opinion and perswade themselves that he who in the barbarous acclamation and outcâ—y of the Souldiers which they use with great forcing and straining of their voyces when they joyne battell doth not howte and make a noise as the rest doe is suddenly caught from the ground and carryed as it were flying in the aire out of any Countrey of Ireland into some desert vallies where he feedeth upon grasse drinketh water hath some use of reason but not of speech is ignorant of the present condition he stands in whether good or bad yet at length shall be brought to his own home being caught with the helpe of Hounds and Hunters Great pitie that the soule fiend and father of darknesse should so grievously seduce this people with misbeliefe and that these câ—rrours be not chased away with the truth of Christian Religion whereby as they carry much grace in their countenanceâ— they may also not be void of the inward grace of their soules and understanding 9 This Province hath been sore wasted in the rebellions of Desmond to whose aide Pope Gregory the thirteenth and Philip K. of Spaine sent certaine companies of Italians and Spaniards who arrived not farre from Dingle fortified themselves and gave it the name of Fort de Ore sounding loud threats against the whole Countrey But Arthur Baron Grey Lord Deputie of Ireland at the first onset decided their quarrell by sheathing his sword in their bowels and Desmondâ—earefully â—earefully flying into the Woods was by a Souldier cut shorter by the head And againe when the Kingdome of Ireland lay bleeding and put almost to the hazzard of the last cast Don Iohn D' Aquila with eight thousand Spaniards upon confidence of the excommunications of Pius the fift Gregory the thirteenth and Clement the eight Popes all of them discharging their curses like unto thunderbolts against Queene Elizabeth of blessed memory landed neere unto Kinsalâ— presuming that the rebellions of Tyrone had turned the hearts of the Irish for Rome Sir Charles Blunt Lord Montjoy in the depth of Winter and with his tired souldiers so daunted their Spanish hearts that with one victory he repressed their bragging boldnesse and recovered the Irish that were ready to revolt 10 God hath oftentimes shewed his tender love and affection to this people in laying his fatherly chastisements and afflictions upon them sometimes by windes sometimes by famine and dearth and sometimes againe by opening his hand of plentie into their laps to convert them to himselfe and to divert their hearts from superstitions In the yeare 1330. about the Feast of Saint Iohn Baptist there began such a dearth of Corne in this Countrey by the abundance of raine and the inundation of waters which continued untill Michacimas following that a Cranoc of Wheat was sold for twentie shillings a Cranoc of Oates for eight shillings a Cranoc of Pease Beanes and Barley for as much The windes the same yeare were so mightie that many were hurt and many slaine â—ut-right by the fall of houses that was forced by the violence of the same The like whereof were never seene in Ireland In the yeare 1317. there was such a dearth of corne and other victuals that a Cranoc of Wheat was sold for twentie three shillings And many Housholders that before time had sustained and relieved a great number were this yeare driven to begge and many famished In the time of which famine the mercy of God so disposed that upon the 27. day of June in the yeare 1331. there came to land such a mightie multitude of great Sea-fishes that is Thursâ—eds such as in many ages past had never been seene that the people were much comforted in this distresse and received great reliefe and sustenance by the same 11 Places of Religion in this Countrey were the two Abbies at Yoghall called the North-Abbey and South-Abbey The two Abbies at Limcricke S. Francis Abbey and S. Dominicke Abbey The two Abbies at Corke the Abbey of the I le and S. Francis Abbey and the famous Abbey in times past of the holy Crosse which hath had many priviledges and liberties granted unto it in honour of a peece of Christs Crosse that was as they say sometimes preserved there Thus were Christians perswaded in ancient times And it is a wonder in what Troopes and Assemblies people doe even yet conflow thither upon devotion as unto a place of holinesse and sanctitie so firmely are they setled in the Religion of their Fore-fathers which hath been increased beyond all measure by the negligent care of their Teachers who should instruct their ignorance and labour to reduce them from the errours they persevere in This Province is governed by a Lord President who hath one Assistant two learned Lawyers and a Secretary to keepe it in dutie and obedience It was in times past divided into many parts as Towoun that is North-Mounster Deswoun that is South Mounster Hierwoun that is West-Mounster Mean-Woun that is Middle-Mounster and Vrwoun that is the Front of Mounster But at this day it is distinguished into these Counties Kerry Desmond Limericke Tipperary Holy-Crosse Waterford and Corke which Countie in times past had been a Kingdome containing with it Desmond also for so in the Grant given by King Henry the second unto Robert Fitz-Stephen and to Miles de Cogan it is called in these words Know ye that I have granted the whole Kingdome of Corke excepting the Citie and Cantred of the Oustmans to hold for
many and may hereafter yeeld as much profit as any other 7 Of the qualitie of this Region in generall we can speake but little For by reason of her length and bredth she lyeth at such severall distance in respect of the heavens that she admits indeed all variety almost either of plenty or want which we have hitherto found in Asia Africa or Europe Here admirable for the fertilitie of soyle Then againe as barren here temperate there scorching hot else-where as extreame cold Some Regions watered with dainty rivers others again infested with perpetuall drouth Some Plaines some Hils some Woods some Mines and what not in some tract or other within the compasse of America yet nothing almost common to the whole but Barbarisme of manners Idolatry in Religion and sottish ignorance such as hardly distinguisheth them from brutes else they would not have taken reasonable men to be immortall Gods as at first they did yet what either God was or immortalitie they knew no more then instinct of nature gave them onely a confused thought they had of some place or other God knows where behinde some Hill or where the blessed resided after their death And from thence they supposed the Spaniards came at their first arrivall But it was not long before the Tyrants cudgelled their simplicitie and by their crueltie appeared to them rather Devils from hell then Saints from heaven 8 Yet still the In-land Countries retaine for the most part their inbred blindnesse and worship the Sunne Moone and Starres and they have their other Spirits which they call their Zemes and adore them in Images made of Cotten-wooll which oft-times by the delusion of Satan seeme to move and utter an hideous noyse that workes in these poore Idolatâ—rs a great awe lest they should harme them 9 The rest of their Customes are answerable to their Religion beastly They goe naked and are very lustfull people without distinction of sexe In many places they are Anthropophagi and prey upon each other like Wolves They labour not much to sustaine themselves but are rather content to take what the earth can yeeld without Tillage This in generall 10 Time hath not given way to many divisions of this America I find one onely in the best Authors and that it seemes Nature marked out to their hands For she hath severed the Continent into two Peninsulae The one lieth Northward from the Aequinoctiall and is called Mexicana The othâ—r for the most part Southward toward the Magellanick straights and is called Peruviana Each of them are subdivided into their Provinces 11 Mexicana is the first and her bounds on the East and West are the Atlantick Ocean and Mare del Zur By the first it is severed from Europe and by the last from the Regions of China and Tartaria in Asia and is distant not above 250. miles if we measure the passage at the shortest cut On the South it hath the Peninsall Peruviana and Northward we are not sure whether Sea or Land It comprehends in compasse 13000. miles The qualitie of the Inhabitants and the riches of her soyle shall appeare in her severall Provinces which are numbred thus 1 Nova Hispania or Mexicana propria 2 Quivira 3 Nicarugua 4 Iacutan 5 Florida 6 Virginia 7 Norumbega 8 Nova Francia 9 Terra laboratoris or Câ—rterialis 10 Estotilandia 12 Nova Hispania or Mexicana propria is the largest Province of this North part of America and gave the name Mexicana to the whole Peninsula which her selfe received from her chief Citie Mexico Her bounds Southward is the Istthmus that joynes the Continents Northward the same with the Peninsulaes on the West Calformia or Mar Veriniglio and on the East Incutan It was first possest by the Spaniard 1518. But it cost them much bloud to intitle their Kings Hispaniarum reges It is an excellent Countrey full of all varietie almost in every kinde usuall with us and exceeds in rarities full of wonder There is one tree which they dresse like our Vine and order it so that it yeelds them almost all usefull necessaries The leaves serve them in stead of Paper and of the Vine barke they make Flaxe Mantles Mattes Shooes Girdle and Cordage She hath in her foure principall Regions of note 1 Nova Galitia found out by Nunnus Gusmannus 1530. Her Cities are Compostella now a Bishops Sea Sancte Esprite and Guadalaiara The Inhabitants livâ—d at large heretofore without any government But since the Spaniard came they have endured incredible servitude and crueltie 2 Mechnacan a fertile Region the Inhabitants comely and witty Her chiefe Cities Slâ—sâ—nse the place of their native Kings Pascuar and Valudolit the Bishops See 3 Mexico or Tâ—mistian which containes in it the Citie of Mexico in compasse sixe miles the seat of an Arch-Duke and the Spanish Viceroy and in it is an Vniversitie a Printing-house and a Mint for coynage Other Cities there are Tescuvo and Angelorum Civithy 4 Ganstecan lying open on the East neer Mare del Nort. It is but barren and the people poore but cunning The Spaniards have here two Colonies Panuco and St. Iames in the vallies 13 Quivira bordereth upon the West of the Continent towards Tartarie It is temperate and fertile But her chiefe riches is the Kine which feed them with their flesh and cloath them with their Hides Her Provinces are Cibola and Nova Albion The last was discovered by our Noble Sir Francis Drake and voluntarily yeelded to the protection of our admired Queen of England Elizabeth 14 Nicarugua on the South-east of Nova Hispania had a kind of settled Common-wealth before they knew Christianity and is reported to have a tree that withereth at a mans touch The chiefe Cities are now Granado and Leo a Bishops See 15 Incutan is situated over against the I le Cuba upon the East of the Peninsula The people adored the Crosse before they heard of Christ. The Countrey is indifferent fertile though that indeed as in all other places of this new World hath proved worse for the Inhabitants For it hath drawne upon them their forraine Invadour AMERICA with those known parts in that vnknowne worlde both people and manner of buildings Discribed and inlarged by I.S. Ano. 1626 17 Virginia carries in her name the happie memory of our Elizabeth On the East it hath Mare del Nort on thâ— North Norumbega Florida on the South and Westward the bounds are not yet set It was first entred by Sir Walter Raleigh 1584. and some at that time left there to discover the Countrey till more were sent but they perished before the second supply Since there have beene many Colonies planted out of England which have there manured the ground and returned good Commodities to the Adventurers For indeed it is a rich Countrey in Fruit Trees Beasts Fish Fowle Mines of Iron and Copper Veines of Pitch Allum and Tarre Rozen Gummes Dies Timber c. The Plantation went on with good successe till the yeare 1622. And then by the
and they say are bound to furnish him at need with 3842. horâ—e among them and 16200. foot 14 The chiefest Regions of Germany best knowne to us and noted by our Geographers with a more eminent Character then the rest are these 1 East Frizâ—land 2 Westphalia 3 Cullen 4 Munster 5 Triers 6 Cleve 7 Gulick 8 Hassia 9 Alsatia 10 Helvetia 11 Turingia 12 Brunswicke and Luneburg 13 Franconia 14 Palatinatus Rhene 15 Wittenburg 16 Ausper 17 Bayden 18 Mentz 19 Bamberg 20 Weirstberg 21 Saxonia 22 Anhalt 23 Mansfield 24 Sâ—evia 25 Bavaria 26 Brandeburg 27 â—usatia 28 Tirolum 29 Misnia â—0 Bohemia 31 Silesia 32 Moravia 33 â—omerania 34 Mecklinburg 35 Austria 15 East-Frizeland is on the West side of Germany and bounded with the North Sea Her chiefe Towne is Embden 2 Westphalia is on the South of East Frizeland It is most famous for Swine and excellent Bacon which is esteemed with us one of our greatest dainties to commend a feast Part of it belongs to the three next Bishops of Cullen Munster and Triers 3 Cullen her Arch-bishop is an Elector The chiefe Towne was called Vbiopolis afterward Agrippina and lastly Cullen from a Colony which was there planted by the French It is a received tradition among the Inhabitants that the bodies of the Wisemen which came from the East to worship Christ are here interred None almost but hath heard of the three Kings of Cullen 4 Munster Her chiefe Citie is Munster notable since the yeare 1533. at which time a company of brainsicke Anabaptists named it Ierusalem and raised them a new Governour by the title of the King of Sion 5 Triers Her Arch-bishop an Elector Her chiefe Citie Triers of great antiquitie founded by Trebeta the sonne of Ninius and Bopport sackt by our Earle Richard King of the Romanes 16 6 Clivia or Cleave-land a Dukedome of name Her chiefe Cities are Wesell Emrick and Cleve Her Commoditie the Tophus-stone of which they make Cement 7 Iuliacum Gulick a Dutchy Her principall City is Aken or Aquisgranum where the Emperour receives his Silver Crowne for Germany and doth great worship to a clout which they take to be our Saviours mantle in which he was wrapped 8 Hassia a mountainous Countrey but fruitful Her Metropolis Marpurgum an Vniversitie and the chiefe place of her Lant-grave is Cassels It comprehends likewise the Countes of Nassaw and Hanaw 9 Alsatia Her chiefe Citie is Sâ—râ—sburg famous for a Clocke of wonderfull art and a Tower of five hundred seventy eight paces high Other Townes here are of note as Bing Wormes Confluence and Andernach 10 Helvetia Switzerland on the East of France and North of Italy It containes thirteene Cantons Zurich Berne Lucerne Vraenia Glavis Zugh Basell Friburg Vnderwalt Solour Shaffnansen Apeâ—sol and Suits Her chiefe Cities are Zurike or Tigurum wheâ—â— Zwinglius was martyred And Sengall or Civitas Sancti Galli and Basell where a generall Councel was decreed to be above the Pope in the yeare one thousand foure hundred thirty one 17 Turingia Her Prince a Lant-grave Her ground though not of large extent not above twelve German miles either in length or bredth saith Maginus yet it is very rich it comprehends twelve Counties as many Abbies a hundred fourty foure Cities as many Townes above two thousand Villages two hundred and fiftie Castles Her Metropolis is Erford 12 Brunswick on the East of Westphalia a Dukedome whose principall Cities are Brunswick Halberstade Wolsheiten and Luneburgh which gives title to another Dukedome whose chiefe seat is Cella 18 13 Franconia It lyeth on the West of Turingia and joynes to Hassia Northward The Inhabitants were converted to Christianity by Boniface In this Province stands Franckefort famous for her two Marts every yeare and Noremberg within the territories are comprehended the seven other which belong to this section 14 The Palatine of Rhene some seventy two miles from North to South and from East to West ninety sixe Her chiefe Citie is Heidelberge Her Prince an Elector and hath many more priviledges then the other sixe In the vacancy he is Governour of a great part of Germany 15 Wirtenberge The chiefe Townes are Tubing an Vniversity Studgard c. 16 Auspech a Marquisate Her chiefe Town Auspech 17 Baden a Marquisate pleasant and fruitfull betwixt the Rivers Rhene and Neccar Her chiefe Cities are Turlach and Baden in which there be Bathes that cure many diseases 18 Mentz Moguntia a Bishoprick The Prince is a Spirituall Elector and sits alwaies at the right hand of the Emperour 19 Bamberg a Bishoprick of it selfe of large revâ—newes In this stand Fochia where they say Pontius Pilate was borne 20 Weirstberg Her Bishop is intituled Duke of Franconia 19 21 Saxoniâ— on the East of Hassia and South of Brâ—nswick and North of Turingia In this Province was Luther borne at Isleben Within her bounds are likewise comprehended these two other Principalities of Anhalt and Mansfield 22 Anhalt whose Governour with great courage and power bore Armes in defence of the Palatines right to the Kingdome of Bohemia 23 Mansfield an Earledome the more famous for the valiant acts of the present Count who to this day wars upon the Emperours party in the behalfe of the Illustrious Palatine and his unparalleled Lady Elizabeth Sister to his Royall Majesty of England 20 24 Swevia on the South of Franconia It is a Countrey full of people and those of goodly personage great wit and valiant In this Province is the head of Danubius and runs through the middle of the Countrey Her chiefe Townes are Vlme Lindawe and Auspurg or Augusta Vindelicorum Norlingen c. 25 Bavaria on the South of Bohemia and â—ranconia There is both the upper and lower Bavaria Of the first the chief Cities are Muchen Ingolstadâ— Frising and about thirty foure Townes more equall to most Cities of the lower Bavaria the principall are Ratisbone Patavium Pussan Lanshutum and Saltspurge In this City lyeth buried Paracelsus 26 Brandeburge on the East of Saxonie a Marquisate of five hundred and twenty miles in compasse It was heretofore inhabited by the Vandâ—les The Metropolis is Brandeburge and Francfort ad Odicum for so it is distinguished from the other Francfort in Franconia and Berlium Here are fifty five Cities and sixty foure Townes 27 Lusatia it lookes Westward toward Saxony The chiefe Citie is Gorlitzia 28 Tyrolum on the South of Bavaria and East of Helvetia Her chief cities are Oonipous Inspruck Brixen Tridentum Trent where the Generall Councel was held one thousand five hundred fourtie sixe 29 Misnia on the East of Lusatia a fruitfull Region Her chiefe Cities are Misnia Drisden Lipsia a place of learning and Torga many Writers place this Province with Saxonie 21 30 Bohemia on the South of Saxonie and Misnia encompassed with the Sylva Hircinia a fruitfull and pleasant Countrey It may deserve a particular description of it selfe and therefore I will mention it here with no other solemnitie then I doe the rest of Germany Her Metropolis
Belino Brennio Romam invaserunt ibique din morati sunt Sed mille libras auri praemium discessionis à Romanis susci ' pientes mox diversis agminibus alii Graeciam alii Macedoniam alii Thraciam petiverunt sua prole velut quodam examine totam Asiam replêrunt Tantus inde terror Gallici nominis armorum invictaque foelicitas erat in illis diebus ut reges Orientis sine mercenario corum exercitu ulla bella gerere non praesumerent neque pulsi à regno ad alios quam ad Gallos confugerent Non enim aliter Majestatem suam tutari neque amissam recuperare se posse nisi Gallicâ virtute arbitrabantur Itaque in auxilium regis Bithyniae vocati regnum cum eo peractâ victoriâ diviserunt camque regionem Gallo Graciam cognominaverunt which we now call Galatia And thus for a time their victories carried all before them yet at last they had their turne too of ill fortune were expulsed Rome by Camillus fared as their neighbours did and became tributarie to the Empire 4 Then did the name of Gallia comprehend a large portion on Europe besides that which we now call France and was divided by the ancient in Cisalpinam which indeed was a part of Italy that which we now call Lombardy and Transalpinam which Pliny cals Comata from the curled haire of the Inhabitants and Ptolemy Celto Gallatiam as the Greekes gave it Nor yet was this equall to the name of France but was again divided by Caesar in his Commentaries 1 in Belgicam which for the most part belongs to Germany 2 Celticam and 3 Aquitaniam After him Ptolemy gives a third division into foure parts 1 Aquitaniam 2 Lugdunensem the same with Caesars Celtica 3 Narbonensem or Braccatam and 4 Belgicam 5 We must here passe by the out-reaches of Belgia and the rest and confine our tract to those parts which are now governed by one King And though it retaine still the antique appellation which the Inhabitants received from the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for their beautie and white colour yet is it best and most properly knowne by the name of France from the Franci or Francones a people of Germany that over-ran these parts and subdued most of them to themselves 6 Now the limits of this new Gallia or France are Westward the Pyrenaean Mountaines which divide her from Spaine and runne crosse the Isthmus that joynes both the Kingdomes They were very famous for rich Mines in so much that being once fired by Shepheards the Gold and Silver runne streaming downe into the lower Countries called up the Inhabitants to prey and was the first occasion of a forraine entry upon those parts Eastward it lyeth upon Germany South-east it is severed with the Alpes from Italy Northward it is bounded with our English Seas and Southward with the Mediterraneum Her chiefe Rivers reckoned by Maginus are 1 Garumna Garrone the greatest 2 Ligeris Loâ—re the sweetest 3 Sequana or Seyne the richest 4 Rhodanus Rosne the swiftest to these we may adde 5 Some upon which standeth Amicus 7 Her ayre is healthfull and her grounds fertile abounds almost with all commodities that may make her one of the happiest Regions in Christendome yet her greatest plenty is of Corne Wine and Salt which she distributes among her neighbouring Nations and enricheth her selfe with such Commodities from them as are not so fully afforded within her owne limits The women too partake of their Countries fruitfulnesse In so much that as the earth is scarce able to beare her plenty so her plenty could hardly sustaine her people had she not a vent for them into Spaine Italy Germany England and other Countries And yet were there long since reckoned Habitatores supra quindecim milliones inter quos octodecim millia nobilium by Maginus 8 In so great a multitude we must looke to find as much variety of Customes and Dispositions It was the report of Caesar long since and seconded by a late Authentike Author Gallicas gentes linguâ legibus institutis inter se differre multa tamen multis esse communia For the most part they are of a fiery spirit for the first on-set in any action but will soone flagge They desire change of Fortunes and passe not greatly whether to better or worse Their women very jocund of a voluble tongue and as free of their speech complementall to strangers and winne more by their wit then their beauty one and t'other are great enticers of mens affectioÌ„s and they enjoy them as freely and securely without either check of conscience or care of report It is esteemed Vitium gentile and indeed they can hardly heare ill for it from any there which is not equally guilty Very factious not onely in carriage of publique affaires but in their private families which proceeds for the most part from a selfe-conceit of their own wit and wealth and those will hardly admit a Superiour Their Nobility have beene reported to be liberall but I suppose that fashion is now worne out My selfe have specially noted the contrary in divers which respect their purse more then their honour and let passe the service and deserts of worthy persons unrewarded as if their gracious acceptance were a sufficient returne of thankes for any office a man can doe them They are practised to this garbe by their pessantry whom they reckon but as slaves and command as their proper servants which the poore snakes take as a favour and are glad to be imployed by their betters that by their protection they may stand more free from the injurie of their equals For the meanest of them are cruell and affect to oppresse their adversarie either by open violence or suite in Law though to their owne ruine They are very ready to take Armes and serve in the defence of King and Countrey need no more presse then the stroke of a Drum but are as rash in their atchievements They will not waite upon Councell but runne as farre on as upon their strength they may and when they find that failes they will as soone give ground 9 It hath had heretofore and yet breeds men of great esteeme for Learning Religion St. Bernard Calvin Beza and Ramus were French and many others both of the Romish and reformed Churches For as yet the people stand divided betwixt both but not equally The Papists are like to coÌ„tinue the stronger hand as long as their holy Father shall make murder a meritorious act For by their severall Massacres they have destroyed many Assemblies of the Hugonites as they call them The greatest I think that was ever practiced by such as had entertained the name of Christians was at Paris in the yeare 57â— when above thirty thousand soules suffered Martyrdome and among the rest some personages of great worth and note 10 It is subject to a Monarchicall government weilded by one sole and absolute King which beares the title
English Roman-Catholiques who have a Colledge there appointed for their fugitives And others of note are Troys and Brye and Auxerre and Sans and Arch-biâ—shops See c. 6 Burgundis both the Dutchie and Countie The Dutchie or Burgundia inferior and Westerne lyeth on the South of higher Germany Her principall places are Digion Saint Bernards birth-Towne Antun Bealâ—e Sologue and Aliza once the famous Citie of Alexia The Countie of Burgundie or Burgundia superior yeelds not to the choysest Garden in France for fertility of soyle not to the most renowned for stoutnesse of the Inhabitants They acknowledge not as yet the French Command no more then Savoy and Loraine They were under divers Generals and are called Wallons corruptly for Galleus a trick of the Dutch Her principall Cities are Besauson the Metropolis of both Burgundies Salives Arboys Gray and Dola 7 Lugdunense Territorium Lione an illustrious Citie The Center of Europe I mean where Merchants meet for traffique from all quarters And these Provinces belong either wholly or at least in part to Gallia Lugdunensis For indeed some lye divided and stretch into their neighbours Territories as Campania into Belgica and this last Lugdunense is in part under the Government of Savoy 14 Narbonensis Gallia on the West hath the Comitatus Armenaici and Comminges Eastward part of the Alpes Northward the Mountaine Comenus and Southward the French Seas It is generally a fruitfull Countrey not inferiour in the esteeme of Plinie to Italy it selfe it comprehends the Provinces 1 of Languedoc supposed from Languegotia language of the Gothes It reacheth from the bounds of Armenia and Comminges to the Mediterraneum Her chief Cities are Narbon from whence this whole Region receives her appellation and is reckoned the first Roman Province in Europe and Mons pessulame Mont-Pelleine an Vniversitie most famous for the study of Physick Nimes where there is at this day many reliques of Antiquities and Pons Sancti Siritus c. 2 Provence Provincia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 divided from Languedoc by the River Rhodanus Rhohan It belongs part to the Crowne of France part to the Pope and a third to the Prince of Orange In the Kings portion are Air a Parliamentary City Arles and Marfilia the last built in the time of the Roman Tarquine To the Bishop of Rome belongs Avenian a City and Arch-Bishops See with the whole Comitatus venissimus To the Prince of Orange the chiefe City Aurangia or Orange on the river Meine Estrang Boys de St. Poll. c. 3 Daulphine on the North of Province Regio Allâ—brogum and is divided in Delphinatum superiorem inferiorem The first contains in it Embrum where Agaric Mama is plentifully gathered Valentia c. The latter Grinnoble vienna Daulphin Romans 4 Savoy Sabadia on the East of Daulphin a Dukedome within whose limits stands the well known City Geneva which entertaines people from all Countries of any Religion But yet enforceth a law upon fugitives not common elsewhere For whatsoever Malefactor is there apprehended for mischiefe done in his own Countrey suffers as if he had been there condemned The principall Cities besides are Tarantise Bele Moustire Maurience c. To this Dukedome belong Cambrey on the West side of the Alpes and the Countrey of Bresse whose heire is entituled Prince of Piâ—mount a part of Italy at the very East foot of the mountains which sever her from this Countrey 15 Gallia Belgica the last is the Easterne tract toward Germany and as much as belongs to this Kingdome containes onely Picardie which is divided into the higher and lower The first portends towards the British Seas and here stands Calles distant but thirty miles from Dover It is that which Caesar called Portus Iccius wonne from the French by our Edward the third lost by Queene Mary upon her Confines toward England is the Countrey of Bononia and Cuinnes which contain sundry towns and villages The chiefe Bulloigne Conquered by our Henry the eight but delivered back in the raigne of Edward the sixt In this Picardie stans Terwin besieged by King Henry in person where the Emperour Maximilian served under his Colours and receved pay as his Souldiers In the lower Picardie stands Ambianum Ameins the Metropolis Here are the Dutchie of Terache whose chief City is Guisa which gave name to the family of the Guises and the Countrey of Vermeudois where Saint Quintin stands Retelois and Retelher metropolis Arteleis and Laferre her's Pontheine and Abberille 16 The Ilands which are reckoned properly French are onely those which lye neere in the Atlantick Ocean They are but few and of no great account The principall Dame de Bâ—vin Lâ—â—le Dieu Marmotier Insula Regis ¶ The Description of BELGIA IN this we continue still the Description of Belgia begunne in the Mappe of France For the title is common as well to these Territories as indeed to all the North-east Tracts of the old Gallia The portion hereditary to the French King was marked out among the rest of his Dominions The residue since it hath beene by length of time chance of warre or at least chance of Fortune dispersed into the power of severall Princes is better knowne to us by the familiar names of the Low-Countries then Netherlands Flanders c. 2 In the search of her Originall we may have reference to our precedent Discourse For questionlesse it was possest by the Gaules as the other parts were and if trust may be given to those antique Stories whose truth is almost worn out with age she reacheth her Pedegree as high as any and likely enough did pertake in the spoyles of Rome when the Capitoll was ransacked by the Gauls under the conduct of our two English Brothers For her chiefe Captaine Belgius whose memory she preserves to this day in her name is mentioned by Quadus and others as Companion to Brennius in his expedition toward Macedonia after they were intreated from Rome 3 In the first times they were a stout people and practised to continuall warres by the bordering Germanes which made them as well expert as hardy It seemes Caesar found them so in his tryall for he gives them in his Commentaries the honour of a valiant Nation above any other part of Gallia Yet at last he brought them under and in time they were expulsed by the Germanes who for their neerest speech and customs are supposed and justly too the Predecessours to the now Inhabitants 4 For her first name I find no other likely account given then from a Citie built by their Belgius in the Province of Hannonia where now stands Bavaris The rest Germania inferior the Lâ—w-Countries and Netherlands require no long search for without doubt they have little other ground then her low situation upon the Seas and indeed it is such as hath oft-times indangered her by inundations and sunke many hundreds of their Townes and Villages which to this day in some places shew their tops above water at a dead low ebbe Lastly
though not at any great distance These setled themselves in the Northerne â—lâ—s as the other did in their Chersonesus The first at their removall varied not their antique name of Cimbri As for Chersonesus it is noâ— peculiar to this Countrey being as common as Peninsula for it imports no more 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à terrâ Insulâ and of these there are many more some perhaps of equal â—ame Taurica Chersonesus was not far distant from the place of their first aboad Peloponnesus well known in Greece Thracia Chersonesus in Thrace and Aurea Chersonesus in India 8 But the Danes it seemes suffered some change as well in their name as fortunes Sxao Grammaticus gives it to one Dan the sonne of Huniblus which was their first Governour in their new Common-wealth But this is controlled by Becanus saith Quade who renders another Etymon how likely I leave to those which can best judge by their skill in the Danish Language The Cimbri saith he when they were grown to great multitudes bethought themselves of severall names to distinguish their Colonies Each following their owne conceit best to expresse the qualitie in which they most gloried Among the rest some there were which affecting at least the opinion of a valiant people such as scorned riches without honour honour without victory and victory without the blood of their Enemies assumed their name from that creature which Nature had marked out with this Character Gallum igitur gallinaceum tum bellicae laâ—dis et generosissimi animi tum indolis regalis et militis strenui et ad omnia mâ—menta vigilis optimum exemplar ut pro Symbolo et synthemate quodam sibi acceperunt ita nomen quoque ab eo placuit mutuari Vocarunt enim sese Dic Hanem et composite per concisionem Danem quod Gallinaceum significat 9 How ever the Etymon may be farre fetcht for ought I know yet doubtlesse at this day they make good the Elogie of a valiant and warlike Nation strong of body bigge boned and of a terrible countenance ambitious of a glorious death rather then a sluggish idle life It is the saying of Valerius Maximus Cimbros et Câ—ltiberos in acie gaudâ—o exultare consuevisse tanquam gloriosè et faelici èr vitâ excessuros lamentari verò in morbo quasi turpitèr periturâ—s We our selves heretofore have felt their stroakes and submitted to their conquests in the time of Osbert King of Northumberland They were provoked by a rape done upon the sister of the Danish King For which the poore English dearely payd with two hundred fifty five years servitude under their Tyranny Yet since we have had and at this time doe injoy the benefit of their magnanimitie under the personall conduct of the right valiant and illustrious King Christian who hazzards both his state and life in the behalfe of his deare neece Elizabeth and her royall husband the Prince Palatine of the Rheine THE KINGDOME OF DENMARKE augmented by Iohn Speede are to be sold in pops head Alley by G. Humble 11 Their chiefe person of fame in course of Learning was Ticho Brahe an excellent Mathematician memorable for his artificiall Towre in the Isle of Fiâ—â—ra In Religion the greatest part of them are now Lutherans but were first converted to Christianity by Ansuerus 12 We are come to her division which the Sea almost hath made to our hands For her severall Provinces are well nigh so many Ilands at least Peninsulae The chiefe are 1 Iuttia or the old Cimbria Chersonesus 2 Diethmarsia 3 Scania 4 Hallâ—ndia 5 Blescide 6 The Ilands in the Sinus Codanuâ— which lye betwixt Iuttia and Scania That is the West and this the East limits of the Danish Dominions North and South are the Ocean and the River Esdora or Hever 13 Iuttia as it was the first so is it the principall part of this Kingdome Her bounds upon the West and East and North are the Balticke Seas and upon the South it is joyned to Holsatia and the Istumes of Diethmarsia It is in length saith Maginus eightie German miles from the River Albis to the Cimbricke Promontory called Scagen and in bredth twenty It is a fruitfull Region for Wheat Rie Barley c. And in the Northwest there is good Pasture though more Northward it becomes sandie and barren and puts the Inhabitants to fish for their victuals by which they make a shift to live though hardly enough God knows in poore shâ—ddes slightly clapped together and of as slender stuffe such as if need be they can remove at their pleasure upon very short warning and beare them away almost upon their back They transport into other Countries great store of good Horses for service besides Barley Cheese Butter Suet Hides and rich Skinnes Nuts and Fish In this Province are twenty eight Cities twenty Castles and foure Bishop-Sees Ripeâ—sis Arthusiensis and Aelburga all neere to the Sea-side Wilburga in the up-land Countrey From this Province came the Iuits who joyned in with the Saxons and Angles to Conquer England Her chiefe Townes as Rincopen Holne and Achausen 14 Diethmarsia is situated betwixt the Rivers Albis and Eidera They were a parcell of the old German Saxons and the Countrey it selfe is by some yet reckoned the lower Saxony but is in subjection to the King of Denmarke for it is the seat and title of his first sonne and heire apparent as the Dolphinate is to the sonne of France and Wales to the sonne of England Her Metropolis is Breme the rest Meldorpe and Heininckst Tellinckst and other rich Townes yet the soyle cannot be very fertile by reason of the moyst ayre and her many marshes especially toward the North which makes it unfit for tillage and indeed impassable for travellers Vpon which impediments the Inhabitants have made this advantage to keepe out all forraigne Invaders and appropriate what wealth they have to their owne secure possession 15 Scania or Scandinaria in the largest compasse comprehends more then belongs to the Kingdome of Denmarke and is invironed round about with the Seas except on that side where it is joyned to Muscovie On her West is the Kingdome of Norwey on her East Swethland and upon the South of that is this Scania which gives place to no Region at least within these Dominions either for wholesome ayre or fertile soyle for commodious Havens and plenty of Merchandize for dainty Rivers or store of Fish for Cattell Mines of Iron Lead Silver and Gold faire Townes and civill Customes The Metropolis is Lunpis This whole Province is some eighteene miles in length and in bredth about twelve in some places in others not above six 16 Hallaudia on the North of Scania and South of Sâ—ecia is bounded with the Seas upon the West and on the East with vast woods which divide her from Gothland It is a fertile Region and not much unlike unto Scandia but that it comes some what short of her happinesse in soyle Her chiefe Towne
to thinke that there were some other Ilands neare the Sommer-Ilands betweene Virginia and it and Master Moore in his time with some others of us went forth in a Boat so farre as then we could conveniently of purpose to discover it Since then it hath been endevoured by others and is yet as I heare to be further attempted And howsoever I am perswaded for certaine causes which I cannot here relate there is no such thing Yet would I not dis-animate any from this enterprise for if they finde any their labours will be well recompenced and though they finde none yet might they discover those parts so well that the passage to and from Virginia would be more safe and easie But to returne from whence we have digressed The extremitie of our distresse beganne to abate a little before Master Moores time of Government was expired partly by supplies out of England of victuall and provision for fishing and partly by that rest and libertie we then obtained the Countrey being fortified Yet the Rats encreased and continued almost to the end of Captaine Tuckers time although he was provident and industrious to destroy them but toward the end of his time it pleased God by what meanes it is not well knowne to take them away in so much that the wilde Cats and many Dogges which lived on them were famished and many of them leaving the woods came downe to the houses and to such places where they use to garbish their Fish and became tame Some have attributed this destruction of them to the encrease of wild Cats but that is not likely they should be so suddenly encreased rather at that time then in the foure yeares before And the chiefe occasion of this supposition was because they saw such companies of them leave the Woods and shew themselves for want of food Others have supposed it to come to passe by the coldnesse of the weather which notwithstanding is never so great there as with us in March nor scarce as it is in Aprill except it be in the winde besides the Rats wanted not feathers of young Birds and Chickens which they dayly killed and of Palmeto Mosse as we call it to build themselves warme nests out of the winde as usually they did Neither doth it appeare that the cold was so mortall to them seeing they would ordinarily swim from place to place and be very fat even in the midst of Winter It remaineth then that as we know God doth sometimes effect his will without subordinate and secondary causes and sometimes against them So we need not doubt but that in the speedy encrease and spreading of these Vermine as also in the preservation of so many of us by such weake meanes as we then enjoyed and especially in the sodain removall of this great annoyance there was joyned with and besides the ordinary and manifest meanes a more immediate and secret worke of God Now to proceed Master Moores time of government being expired Captaine Tucker succeeded arriving there about mid-May 1616. who likewise governed according to the custome three yeares which time he spent for the most part in husbanding the Countrey planting and nourishing all such things as were found either fit for Trade or for the sustentation and use of the Inhabitants wherein he travelled with much diligence and good successe sending to some parts of the Indies for Plants and Fruits he also added to the fortifications and made some inclosures In his time viz. in the yeare 1617. was sent a Ship and provision with men of skill for the killing of Whales but they arrived there too late to wit about the midst of Aprill so that before they could make ready their Shallops and fit themselves the principall season for Whale-fishing was past For the Whales come thither in Ianuarie and depart again toward the latter end of May yet they struck some but found them so lively swift and fierce after they were stricken that they could take none They yeeld great store of Oyle as appeared by one that drave to shoare on Sommerset Iland in Sandys Tribe and by another that we found not farre from thence dead upon a Rock I also received by Captaine Tucker directions from the Adventurers to divide the Countrey and to Assigne to each Adventurer his shares or portion of land and withall a description with notes touching the manner how they would have it done as they had formerly determined by lot Which thing I did with all faithfulnesse and diligence the manner of it doth above appeare and is more largely manifested in a Booke of the Survey of the Countrey exhibited to the Right Honourable his Majesties Councell and the Court of Adventurers for these parts And then began this which was before as it were an unsetled and confused Chaos I meane as touching a Plantation for considered onely as a Regiment it was otherwise to receive a convenient disposition forme and order and to become indeed a Plantation for though the Countrey was small yet they could not have beene conveniently disposed and well setled without a true description and Survey made of it and againe every man being setled where he might constantly abide they knew their businesse and fitted their household accordingly They built for themselves and their families not Tents or Cabins but more substantiall houses they cleared their grounds and planted not onely such things as would yeeld them their fruits in a yeare or halfe a yeare but all such too as would afford them profit after certaine yeares c. So that in short time after even before the expiration of Captaine Tuckers government the Countrey began to aspire and neerly to approach unto that happinesse and prosperitie wherein now is flourisheth For may it not justly be accounted happinesse and prosperitie for men to live where they enjoy the meanes of true religion and salvation to wit the sincere ministery of the Word and Sacraments where the government is good without rigour and oppression the place healthfull and temperate where they are freed from all extreme care and toyle where they have food in abundance and very good with other things needfull to the body and where they have commodities meete for Trade by which they may better and advance their estates all which and more is largely verified in the present estate of that Colony whatsoever some maliciously minded or to evill ends suborned may say to the contrary so that there may seeme to be a restauration of that golden age so much spoken of The Governour now there resident is one Captaine Butler for Captaine Tucker departing thence in December 1618. left in his place Captaine Kendall who also was one that supplied the same place in the interim betweene Master Moores time and Captaine Tuckers and hath spent some nine or ten years in the Countrey But in the yeare 1619. about Midsommer the Adventurers sent thither as Governour for three yeares according to the custome the said Captaine Butler and foure Ships
with some five hundred persons there being at that time in the Countrey onely five hundred more for by the space of foure yeares to wit during the later part of Master Moores government and all the time of Captaine Tuckers they had sent few thither being almost hopelesse of the place by reason of the Rats But since there have beene sent many Companies more then have come to my knowledge In so much that I understand the Countrey is now almost fully Planted and Inhabited Thus I have briefly related so farre foorth as hath come to my knowledge and remembrance every thing of most note and importance that hath befallen in the first discovery and planting of these Ilands till this present I have laboured to contract my selfe yet have exceeded my extended limits Now I must speake something of the Countrey it selfe which consisteth of a company of small Ilands scituate and formed as above appeareth It lyeth in the Westerne Ocean in that part of the world lately discovered and called AMERICA or the NEVV WORLD vulgarly the WEST INDIES It hath Latitude or elevation as is above-said 32. Degrees 25. minutes which is almost the same with the Maderaes or rather more Southward Now the better to manifest the scituation of it I have reduced the whole into a narrow roome placing it as above appeareth at the Center or middle of the Flye or Compasse and withall have made an appearance of the Sea-coast of VIRGINIA as also of sundry other places of Note adjacent according to their true position and distance from it as neere as I could gather so that the Compasse sheweth how any of those places bear from the SOMMER ILANDS and if you measure by the parts of the graduated Meridian from the middle of the Compasse to any of those places you have their distance For every Degree is twenty Leagues or sixtie Miles The Countrey is round about environed with Rocks which to the North-ward West-ward South-West-ward extend farther then hath beene yet discovered By reason of these Rockes the Countrey is very strong For there is onely two places and scarce two except to such as know them well where shipping may safely come in those places are very wel fortified but within its roome to entertaine a Royall Fleet. The Rockes in most places appeare at a low water neither are they much covered at a high water For it ebbs and flowes there not above five foot The shore it selfe for the most part is a Rock so hardned by the Sunne Winde and Sea that it is not apt to be worne by the waves whose violence is also broken by the Rocks before they come at the shoare The Mould is of divers colours neither Clay nor Sand but a meane betweene The Red which resembleth Clay is worst the whitish resembling Sand and the blackish Clay is good the Brown between them both which they call white because there is mingled with it as it were a white Marle is best Vnder the mould two or three foot deepe and sometimes lesse is a kinde of white hard substance which they call the Rock the Trees usually fasten their rootes in it and draw their nourishment from it Neither is it indeed Rocke or Stone nor so hard though for the most part harder then Chalke nor so white but Pumice-like and spungie easily receiving and containing much water I have seen in some places Clay found under it It seemes to be engendered of the Rain-water draying through the earth and drawing with it of his substance unto a certaine depth where it congeales The hardest kind of it which is commonly under the red ground is not so spungie nor reâ—â—ins much water but lveth in the ground in Quarries as it were thick Slates one upon another there is some chinks or crevices betwixt one lare and another through which the water hath passage so that in such places there is scarce found any fresh water For all or the most part of their fresh water whereof they have good store cometh out of the Sea drayning through the sand or through the fore said substance which they call the Rocke and leaving his salt behinde it becomes fresh Sometimes we digged wels of fresh water within foure or five pases of the Sea-side sometimes further off The most part of them would ebbe and flow as the Sea did and be levell or little higher then the superficies of the Sea The aire is most commonly clear very temperate moist with a moderate heat very healthfull and apt for generation and nourishing of all things so that there is scarce any thing transported from hence thither but it yeelds a far greater encrease if it be any living thing becomes fatter and better-liking then here By this means the Countrey was so replenished with Hens and Turkies within the space of three or foure years that being neglected many of them forsooke the houses and became wilde and so lived in great abundance The like encrease there is of Hogs and other Cattle according to their kinds There seems to be a continuall Spring which is the cause that some few things come not to that maturity and perfection as were requisite And though the Trees doe shed their leaves yet they are alwayes full of greene The Corne is the same which they use almost in all parts of the West Indies to wit Maiz which to such as are used to it is more hearty and nourishing then our English Wheat and yeelds a farre greater encrease as a pound sometimes of one or two graines Of this Corne and divers other things without either plowing or digging the ground they have two harvests every yeare for they set about March which they gather in Iuly and again in August which is ripe in December And little slips of Fig-trees and Vines doe usually beare fruit in lesse then a yeare after they be planted sometimes in halfe a yeare The like fertility it hath in other things There is scarce at any time to be perceived either frost or snow nor any extream heat for there is almost alwaies some wind stirring which cleareth and cooleth the ayre Their Summers and Winters observe the same times with ours but their longest dayes nights are shorter then ours in England by two houres and almost a halfe as also their shortest dayes and nights are as much longer then ours for their longest dayes and nights are about fourteen houres and their shortest ten When it is Noone with us it is Morning with them and when it is about five of the clock in the Evening with us it is high noone with them so that whilst the Sunne declines with us it riseth with them as also it doth in Virginia It is apt to thunder and lightning all the yeare oft-times more terrible then in England but no man or other living creature have I knowne hurt by it There is no venomous creature in the Countrey the yellow Spider which is there making her web as it were of silke
Caroke Castlesteed Caswald howe Catterley Cauthwate Chappell of the grune Church Cladbek Clifton Coker Flu. Corryhouse COKERMOVTH Combe whitton Copeland Copeland forrest Corby Castle Corno Cote hill Cristenbury crag Crokedale Croglin Church Little Croglin Crosby Crosby Crosthate Croston Cumcatith Culgaith Cumrew D Dacor Flu. Dacor castle Dalemane Dalegarth Darwent fels Darwen Flu. Darwent Flu. Darwen Iland Dauston Dauston hall Denok Flu. Dent hill Denton hall Over Denton Nether Denton Dereham Derwentfote Haven Devonby Deyn. Distinton Douthwait P. Drigg Drumbugh castle Dubmill Dudden Flu. Dunbalrasse stones E Eden Flu. Eden Flu. Ednell Eglesfeild EGREMOND Eimont Flu. Elne Flu. Elneboro Emleton Emsaugh Enerdale Esgill Esk Flu. Eskdale F Fedington Fingland Flimby Forlam Fornside G Gamlesby Gamleby Gargill The Gele crag Gelt Flu. Gilcrosse Gilsland Glasenby Glasen Gofforth The Grange Grastocke Castle Grinsdale Grisedale H Hale Harbybrow Kard-knot Hareridge Hall Harinton Harington Harper hill Hathewate Haton Castle Haton Haughton Hay castle Helbeck crag Hestedach Heskew Hesket Highgate Highyate castle Holme The Horse Head The Houses Hudles kew Huthwate Huton Huton Iohn I IERBY Inglewood forrest S. Iohns S. Iohns Iohnby Irthing Flu. Irton Iet Flu. Isle Itenfeild Itunebay K KESWICK Kirbek Flu. Kirkanders Kirkby The Kirksop foot L The Laith The Lamiford Lamonby Lampley Langanby Langnewton Lasen Lasenby Lathes S. Laurence Legburgh wate Lenecroft White Leven Kirk Leventon Lenton Flu. Black Leven Flu. The Lies Limers dale Lorton Lowbyer Lowswater Lynstoke Castle West Lynton M The Masthorn Materdale Old Mawborow Medowhushwood Melmerby Mewtoo beacon S. Michaels chappell Millum Castle Millum Castle Millum Milne hill Momaster Moresby Mosedale The Mote Motherby The Mynes Royall The Mynes Myterdale N Naworth castle Netherby Newbiggen Newbiggin Newby Newland chappell New-lathes New-more Newton in Ardale Nunny O Orton Overhall Ousby Outerbye Owterside Owton P Pap-castle PENRETH Penrodok Petterell Petterell wrey Plumland Pole Portinskal Pottrose Flu. Punsonby R Raby-Cotes Rauderside hall RAVENGLAS Raughton head chappell Rawthate Redmane Reunok Ribton The Rose castle Rotherby Rowcliffe castle Rowcliffe S Saberham Salkeldes Sawbarron Scalbye Scalby Castle Scascall Seaton Seaton Sellofeld Setmurther Silluth Silverside Skelton Skiddow hill Skinburnesse Skirwith Skutterby Stafle Stainton Stangartiksed Stanwix Stannborn Stapleton Sollome Mosse Sowerby Sowporte Sowterfeild Spade Adam Shire stones upon Wrenosse Sunderland T Tallantre Tarraby Taukin Thakthwate Thornthwate Threlcot Thurbury Flu. Thuresbye Thwate South Tyne Flu. Tomwat hill Torpenny The new Towne Tretermane Trout Bek V Vent Flu. Uffay parke Uldale Ulles Flu. Ullok Unerigg Unthank Unthank Uprightby W Wakthwate Waleton Wampul Flu. VVampall VVardall VVarnell VVarton VVarwick VVasdale chappell Nether Wasdale VVatenlath VVathermelak VVawburthwat WERKINTON VVestward Westward forrest VVesthall Wetherall Whidbek Whitridge Whithaven Whitlaton VVhittyham Whitelose Wiborne Widehope Winsgell With hill Kirses VVold VVulsty Castle THE Countie of Northumberland which the English Saxons called Nort-humberlond hath on the South the Bishopricke of Durham being shut in with the River Derwent and with Tyne the North is confined upon Scotland the West upon part of Scotland and part of Cumberland the East-side lieth altogether upon the Sea called Mare-Germanicum 2 The forme thereof is Triangle and differs not much in the sidings for from her South-East unto the South West-point are neere unto fortie miles from thence to her North-point are sixtie miles and her base along the Sea-shore fortie-five miles The whole in circumference is about one hundred fourtie five miles 3 The Ayre must needs be subtle and piercing for that the Northernly parts are most exposed to extremity of weathers as great windes hard frosts and long lying of snowes c. Yet would it be farre more sharper then it is were not the Germane Seas a ready means to futher the dissolution of her Ice and Snow and the plentie of Coales there gotten a great helpe to comfort the bodie with warmth and defend the bitter coldnesse 4 The Soyle cannot be rich having neither fertility of ground for corne or cattell the most part of it being rough and in every place hard to be manured save onely towards the Sea and the River Tyne where by the great diligence and industrious paines of good husbandry that part is become very fruitfull 5 The ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey mentioned by Ptolemy were called Ottalini Ottadeny and Ottadini which by an easie alteration as Master Cambden saith if it had beene called Ottatini signifying above the Tyne or on the further side of Tyne for so this people were planted there would have beene much consonance both with the name of the Inhabitants and the Position and Site of the Province 6 The chiefest commoditie that enricheth this Countie are those stones Linthancraces which we call Sea-coales whereof there is such plentie and abundance digged up as they doe not onely returne a great gaine to the Inhabitants but procure also much pleasure and profit to others 7 No place of this Province vents forth so many of these Sea-coales into other regions as Newcastle doth being the very eye of all the Townes in this Countie for it doth not onely minister reliefe by such provision to all other parts of England but doth also furnish the wants of forraine Countries with her plentie By meanes of this and the intercourse of Trafficke which it hath the place is growne exceeding rich and populous Before the Conquest it was called Monk-chester having beene as it seemed in the possession of Monkes and Chester being added which signifies a bulwark or place of defence shewes that in ancient time it had been a place of fortification 8 After the Conquest it got the name of Newcastle by the new Castle which Robert the Sonne of William the Conquerour built there out of the ground What it was called in old time is not knowne yet some are of opinion that it may be thought to have been Gatrosentum for that Gateshead the suburbe as it were of the same expresseth in the owne proper signification that British name Gatrosentum It is now most ennobled both by the Haven which Tyne maketh of that notable depth that it beareth very tall ships and is able to defend them against storms and tempests As also by many favours and honours where with it hath beene dignified by Princes for Richard the second granted that a Sword should be carried before the Maior and Henry the sixt made it a Countie consisting of a Corporation within it selfe It is adorned with foure Churches and fortified with strong walls that have eight gates It is distant from the first West line 21. degrees and 30. minutes and from the Equinoctiall line towards the North pole 34. degrees and 57. minutes 9 The utmost towne in England and the strongest hold in all Britaine is Barwick From whence it had the name is not certainely made knowne Some fetch it from Berengarius a Duke never read of some say it was called Beornica-Æ¿ic in the old English-Saxon
fairest possessions do imitate the people of Lancashire both in their honest cariage good hous-keeping Howbeit the common sort of people both in their language and manners come nighest unto the Irish although they somwhat relish and savour of the qualities of the Norwegians 7 Things not worthy to be buried in the grave of oblivion are that this Iland in the midst thereof riseth up with hills standing very thicke amongst which the highest is called Sceafull from which upon a cleare and faire day a man may easily see three Kingdoms at once that is England Scotland Ireland This I le prohibits the customary manner of begging from doore to doore detesting the disorders as well Civill as Ecclesiasticall of neighbour-Nations And last not least that deservs to be committed to memory is that the womeÌ„ of this Countrey wheresoever they go out of their doors gird themselves about with the winding-sheet that they purpose to be buryed in to shew themselves mindefull of their mortalitie and such of them as are at any time condemned to die are sowed within a sack and flung from a rock into the sea 8 The whole I le is divided into two parts South and North whereof the one resembleth the Scotish in speech the other the Irish. It is defended by two Castles and hath seventeen Parishes five Market-Townes and many Villages ¶ A Table of the Townes Villages Castles Rivers and Havens within the I le of Man Alphabetically gathered A Kirk Andrew The point of Aire B Baladoul Balalough Kirk Balalough Balicaken Balisaly Abbey Balisaly Town Friry Bewmakan Kirk Bridge Kirk Brodon C Caltregh The Calfe of Man Castle Town Bay Kirk Christ. Kirk Christ. Chappell Clanmoy flu Cobbe Borne Corte Cranston D Dauby point Dauby Town Douglas point DOUGLAS towne Douglas haven E Egnes F Fleshik G Glan-Brow Glan-Cam I Kirk Jarman Jeorby point Saint Johns Chappell K Saint Katherins Chappel Kirk Kerbrey L The point Lang-nouse Laxi-Bay Laxi-point LAXI TOWNE Kirk Lennon Loughe M Kirk Magh haul Kirk Magh-hauls head Malarlough Kirk Mali. Kirk Migh-hil Kirk Migh-hill flu Saint Migh-hills Island Min-hugh Kirk Mortown The Mull-hills N Neb flu The Nunnery O Kirk Onkon P Kirk Patriark Kirk Patriark of the Peel PEEL-Town Peel-Castle Polt Bash. Port Earn Portell Morrey Portwick R Ramsey RAMSEY Town Ramsey haven RUSHIN Castle S Scarthlat Shellack point Snafeld Solbe mouth Solbe flu Spalork The Stack Kirk Stanton V Vark W Watch-hill The white Water Black Water Whetston THE ISLE OF MAN Exactly desribed and into several Parishshes diuided with euery Towne Village Baye Creke and Riuer therein conteyned The bordringe Coasts wherewith it is circulated in their Situations self and by the Compase accordiÌ„gly shewed with their true distance from euery place vnto this Island by a seuerall scale obserued IT is here very pertinent to the purpose to insert a small History of this Iland that the atchievemeÌ„ts heretofore had may not be utterly buried although they are waxen very old almost torn from remeÌ„brance by the teeth of Time It is confessed by all that the Britains held this Iland as they did all Britain But when the Nations from the North over flâ—wed these South parts like violent tempests it became subiect to the Scots Afterwards the Norwegians who did most hurt from the Northern sea by their manifold robberies made this Iland and the Heâ—rides to be their haunt and erected Lords and petty Kings in the same as is expressed in this Chronicle Written as is reported by the Monkes of the Abbey of Russin A Chronicle of the Kings of MAN ANno Dom 1â—65 Edward of blessed memory King of England departed this life and Harald the sonne of Godwyn succeeded him in the Kingdome against whom Harald Harfager King of Norway came into the field and fought a battle at Stainford bridge but the English obtaining the victory put them all to fâ—ight Out of which chase Godred surnamed Crovan the son of Harald the Black of Iseland came unto Godred the sonne of Syrric who reigned then in Man and honourably received him 2 The same yeer William the Bastard conquered Enggland and Godred the sonne of Syrric died his sonne Fingall succeeding him 3 An. 1066. Godred Crovan assembled a great Fleet and came to Man and fought with the people of the Land but received the worst and was overcome The second time renewing his forces and his Fleet he sayled into Man joyned battell with the Manksmen but was vanquished as before and driven out of the field Howbeit what he could not at first bring to passe with power in those two severall Onsets he afterward effected by policie For the third time gathering a great multitude together he arrived by night in the haven called Ramsey and hid three hundred men in a Wood which stood upon the hanging hollow brow of an hill called Sceafull The Sun being risen the Manksmen put their people in order of battle and with a violent charge encountred with Godred The sight was hot for a time and stood in a doubtfull suspense till those three hundred men starting out of the Ambush behinde their backs began to foyl the Manksmen put them to the worst and forced them to flie Who seeing themselves thus discomfited and finding no place of refuge left them to escape with pitifull lamentation submitted themselves unto Godred and besought him not to put to the sword such poore remainder of them as was left alive Godred having compassion on their calamities for he had been nursed for a time and brought up among them founded a retreat and prohibited his host any longer pursuit He being thus possessed of the I le of Man dyed in the Iland that is called Ile when he had reigned sixteen yeers He left behinde him three sonnes Lagman Harald and Olave 4 Lagman the eldest taking upon him the Kingdome reigned seven yeares His brother Harald rebelled against him a great while but at length was taken prisoner by Lagman who caused his members of generation to be cut off and his eyes to be put out of his head which crueltie this Lagman afterwards repenting gave over the Kingdom of his own accord and wearing the badge of the Lords Crosse took a journey to Ierusalem in which he died 5 An. 1075. all the Lords and Nobles of the Ilands hearing of the death of Lagman dispatched Ambassadours to Murecard Oâ—brien King of Ireland and requested that he would send some worthy and industrious man of the Blood Royall to be their King till Olave the son of Godred came to full age The King yeelding to their request sent one Dopnald the son of Tade and charged him to govern the Kingdome which by right belonged to another with lenitie and gentlenesse But after he was come to the Crowne forgetting or not weighing the charge that his Lord and Master had given him swayed his place with great tyrannie committing many outrages and cruelties and so
Kildareth cor Kilfraer lim M. Kilgo cor Kilgobin cor Kilkenny tip Killare cor Kilmalck lim Kilmoghney tip Kilmoghney tip Kilmokwods cor Kilmore des Kilmure des Kilny Colle des Kinsaleheg wa Knaum tip Knight of the Valley lim Kno-Brandon ker Knochone des Knock-bernella Tip. Knochorden tip Knock dromed cor Knock eroglo Skardy ker Knockgraffon tip Knockhore des Knockhore wa Knock money lim Knocknur des Knock Patrick lim Knock Recket wa Knocksaloghil tip Knockshelbren cor Knock union des Knock weldon wa Knoclonio lim Korkbeg cor Kylbrytayn cor c. Kylcasse tip c. Kylhagha ker M. Kylharnon ker Kylhusteney ker Kylm Thomas wa Kylmayglin cor Kylne mannogh tip Kylnoglose ker M. Kylnolan ker Kylphell tip Kylyland ker Kyllygray cor c. Kyllynan lim KYNSALE cor Kyrnenan ker The Knight of Kyry ker L Lacrenon ker Laghera lim b. Lancan cor Lanras des c. Lany des E. Laternis cor c. Leaver ker Lâ— Legh lough des Lemcon des Lemortkaol ker Lestsyn cor Letter ker c. Leughan tip b. Likodone lim LIMERICK lim Linde ker c. Lisegriffin cor Liskin lim b. Lismalin tip Lismolkey tip Lismore wa Lisronogh tip Lixnayo ker Loaghyne cor Lome flu Longhill lim c. Lon mayne ker Lough cor c. Lough cor c. Lough ker Loughman tip Loughan des Lough Barnsey des Lough of Inets tip Lyn lim b. Lynyliro cor c. Lyons cor Lystoule ker Lystor ker b. Lyx flu Baron of Lyxnay lim M Mac Owine lim Magonien ker Magriffin tip Magronne cor c. Mahund des Mac mahund cor Malhanna cor m. Malogh cor c. Manamore des m. Mang ker c. Mang flu Manian ker c. Mare flu Mare cor c. Mare tip b. Marow ker c. Martir cor Mayne flu Michael des M. Michaen ker Miles lough wa Miner ker c. Mockarle tip Mockay tip b. Mocolagh des Moenter vary des Moghan flu Mogholl wa M. Mogobert tip Mokella cor Moleshen lim Mollinax tip Mollochdeere des Mollogasshe des Molloghmona wa Mollogh flu Molloghen wa Monegh cor m. Monhard tip Monks cor b. More des c. More flu Mores ker Moore des Moore flu or Brodwater des Mountaines delees wa Muskere-Querk tip Muskere cor Muskery Gaghnogh ker Myles cor c. Mysker flu Myslen head des N Narra lim c. Narrowater cor Nashe lim c. Nath cor b. Nay tip b. Neith tip b. Never cor c. Newcastle wa Newcastell kenry lim Newcast wa Newchurch wa Newtowne ker Newtowne lim Newtowne wa Nicoll tip b. Nody tip c. Noght tip O. Non ker c. Now tip b. O Ogge cor Ogham lim S. Owin Oswiliant des Ottan ker m. P Palace tip Palace lim Palace wa Palace ker Palace-lough tip Passage wa Pelgoran des Perles cor c. The 12. great Hilles of Phelem Ghemadona Tip. Phillips cor Piltowne wa C. Polloguere Cor. Pollydragh des Pollyre des Lord Power Wa. Pracok Cor. Pracok cor Q Quella cor B. Point Bally Quella Wa. Quella Wa. B. R Rabbe lim Rabony lim Raffenin cor Raghanan lim Rahust cor Ranaker tip Raphone cor Rariglas cor Rathan Cor. M. Raton ker M. Ray cor B. Ray cor C. Redman cor C. Renie cor B. Renlon des I. Rephnogh flu Reseletan cor Rikard cor c. Rimbella flu Ringer cor Ringrango cor c. Rishe Isle ker Robe lim c. Roch cor L. Roch Tip. B. Rock glaskon cor Romore lim Roretogh flu Rosbrenon des Rosse cor Rosthyche cor John Reynogh Wa. The great Ryghes ker S Salmon Lp des Sanan ker c. Sartbeg Tip. Saton Lim. Seaven Castles cor Seale des Seron calp cor Sewer flu Sewer flu Sharen cor B. Sheappoly cor Shepes-head des Shroe ker E. Sibbell ker c. Simon Tip. B. The three Sisters ker Skryne lim Skryst des Greene Skyllyghe ker Skyrt wa c. Slew wa c. Slew Anerogh ker Slewbranogh Tip. Slewboyne Wa. Slew dakean or Paps des Slew logher ker Slew malora cor Slew muskere des Slew niesk des Slew noman Tip. Slowboy klan de Rough des Soronned Tip. Speaking stone Wa. Spred cor b. Stene lim c. Sterland lim Straghan lim Stramo Wa. Stranmore bay Wa. Carick Sulphyn Tip. Swylyvant moore Des. O. T Tagnelath Des. Tammay lim Tarne Tip. C. Tarsne Tip. Tashell Tip. Tebben cor B. Templehoran Tip. Templemore Tip. Terseney lim B. Thomas lim B. Traghware des M. Tranakan cor Tray Wa. Tremayne Wa. Trena cor Tollagh cor Tomalegh cor M. Tomelegh flu Toragh flu Torbet lim c. Torloboy lim Totes cor b. Towne des Typpelbragny Tip. V Vakere Wa. Valentia Island ker Ventray ker Vochbeg Tip. Voch cor W WATERFORD Wa. Waterford haven Wa. Wenis des I. Westell wa B. Whitechurch cor White-knight wa White-knight lim Wilton lim B. Weday des E. Wodings Tip. B. Y Yearow Tip. Youghall cor Youghall haven Wa. THIS Countrey the Natives call Leighnigh the Britaines Lein in Latine Lagenia in the ancient lives of the Saints Lagen and in English Leinster It lyeth Eastward along Hibernicunt Sea on Connaught-side West-ward it is bounded with the River Shanon the North with the Territorie of Louth and the South with part of the Province of Munster This Countie butteth upon England as Mounster and Connaught doe upon Spaine 2 The forme thereof is triangle and sides not much unequall from her South-East unto the West-point about eightie miles from thence to her North-West about seventie miles and her East-Coast along the Irish Sea-shore eightie the circumference upon two hundred and seventie miles 3 The Ayre is cleere and gentle mixt with a temperate disposition yeelding neither extremitie of heat or cold according to the seasonable times of the yeere and the naturall condition of the Continent The Soile is generally fruitfull plentifull both in Fish and Flesh and in other victuals as Butter Cheese and Milke It is fertile in Corne Cattle and pasture grounds and would be much more if the husbandman did but apply his industrie to which he is invited by the commodiousnesse of the Countrey It is well watered with Rivers and for the most part well wooded except the Countie of Divelin which complaines much of that want being so destitute of wood that they are compelled to use a clammy kinde of fat turfe for their fuell or Sea-coale brought out of England 4 The Inhabitants of these parts in Ptolemies dayes were the Brigantes Menapii Cauci and Blani from which Blani may seeme to be derived and contracted the latter and moderne names of this Country Lein Leighnigh and Leinster The Menapii as the name doth after a sort imply came from the Menapians a Nation in Low Germany that dwelt by the Sea-Coasts These Brigantes called also Brigantes Florianus del Campo a Spaniard labours to fetch from the Brigants of his owne Country of whom an ancient Citie in Spaine called Brigantia tooke the name But they may seeme rather to derive their denomination from the River Birgus about which