every_o body_n refuse_v the_o money_n in_o general_n for_o fear_v the_o loss_n shall_v fall_v upon_o he_o that_o last_o take_v it_o so_o that_o the_o money_n become_v useless_a have_v lose_v the_o currancy_n and_o quality_n of_o money_n and_o all_o the_o murmur_n and_o disorder_n ensue_v that_o usual_o attend_v a_o nation_n that_o want_v money_n to_o drive_v their_o trade_n and_o commerce_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v give_v but_o this_o with_o the_o common_a usage_n of_o not_o exceed_v ten_o or_o fifteen_o per_fw-la cent_n when_o the_o money_n be_v raise_v may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o answer_v mr._n lock_n be_v objection_n that_o the_o government_n can_v raise_v their_o money_n as_o high_a as_o they_o please_v nor_o make_v themselves_o as_o rich_a as_o they_o please_v the_o great_a objection_n that_o mr._n lock_n make_v against_o the_o raise_n the_o value_n of_o money_n be_v that_o if_o the_o government_n have_v a_o power_n to_o give_v a_o value_n of_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o their_o money_n why_o not_o twenty_o fifty_o or_o as_o high_a as_o they_o please_v and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o government_n be_v power_n at_o any_o time_n to_o make_v themselves_o as_o rich_a as_o they_o please_v such_o a_o power_n at_o this_o time_n be_v to_o be_v wish_v for_o when_o the_o nation_n be_v engage_v in_o so_o chargeable_a a_o war_n but_o that_o be_v the_o misfortune_n that_o attend_v we_o that_o such_o a_o power_n can_v be_v only_o wish_v for_o for_o though_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v a_o power_n to_o give_v a_o value_n to_o their_o money_n yet_o that_o power_n be_v limit_v and_o when_o ever_o they_o have_v attempt_v to_o exceed_v those_o limit_n which_o upon_o a_o extraordinary_a emergency_n they_o have_v sometime_o do_v they_o have_v fall_v under_o great_a mischief_n by_o reason_n the_o money_n have_v be_v always_o counterfeit_v than_o the_o advantage_n they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o amount_v to_o by_o do_v of_o it_o and_o have_v always_o be_v force_v to_o call_v in_o such_o money_n and_o reduce_v the_o value_n within_o its_o usual_a limit_n and_o bound_n there_o be_v two_o cause_n why_o prince_n and_o state_n raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o money_n the_o one_o be_v ordinary_a and_o the_o other_o extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a and_o common_a cause_n of_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n be_v the_o rise_v of_o bullion_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v commodity_n for_o other_o use_v beside_o the_o make_n of_o money_n as_o for_o make_v of_o plate_n lace_n gilding_n etc._n etc._n and_o beside_o it_o be_v scarce_a in_o some_o country_n and_o more_o plenty_n in_o other_o and_o the_o value_n of_o all_o thing_n arise_v from_o their_o occasion_n and_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n make_v thing_n cheap_a and_o dear_a when_o ever_o the_o goldsmith_n and_o the_o maker_n of_o plate_n lace_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o merchant_n to_o export_v it_o to_o the_o indies_n or_o those_o country_n where_o it_o be_v more_o scarce_a will_v give_v more_o for_o bullion_n to_o supply_v such_o occasion_n than_o the_o mint_n can_v afford_v to_o do_v according_a to_o the_o value_n the_o money_n be_v at_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v be_v force_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o coin_n to_o prevent_v it_o from_o be_v melt_v down_o and_o carry_v away_o the_o knowledge_n when_o bullion_n be_v rise_v above_o the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o mint_n for_o the_o mint_n be_v the_o common_a shop_n and_o market_n place_n for_o the_o merchant_n to_o carry_v in_o their_o bullion_n and_o when_o ever_o they_o forbear_v the_o bring_n of_o it_o thither_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o will_v yield_v they_o a_o better_a price_n in_o another_o place_n for_o bullion_n never_o continue_v long_o in_o a_o place_n unaltered_a because_o it_o yield_v no_o profit_n while_o it_o continue_v so_o but_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v coin_v it_o become_v useful_a for_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o save_v the_o charge_n of_o borrow_a money_n or_o else_o may_v be_v put_v out_o to_o interest_n and_o if_o it_o be_v wrought_v into_o plate_n lace_n etc._n etc._n it_o pay_v for_o the_o fashion_n and_o workmanship_n and_o if_o it_o be_v transport_v to_o the_o indies_n or_o some_o country_n where_o it_o be_v dear_a it_o produce_v profit_n by_o the_o exchange_n of_o those_o good_n that_o be_v buy_v with_o it_o when_o ever_o any_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o europe_n raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o coin_n the_o rest_n general_o follow_v it_o be_v too_o long_o to_o give_v particular_a instance_n but_o if_o it_o be_v examine_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n with_o those_o of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o have_v raise_v their_o money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v do_v or_o rather_o high_a for_o that_o since_o the_o time_n of_o st._n lewis_n who_o be_v co-temporary_a with_o edward_n the_o iiid_n the_o sol_n and_o crown_n contain_v then_o near_o six_o time_n more_o of_o fine_a silver_n than_o the_o sol_n and_o french_a crown_n do_v that_o be_v late_o coin_v which_o be_v a_o great_a proportion_n than_o the_o money_n have_v rise_v in_o england_n since_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n be_v not_o quite_o four_o time_n light_a the_o reason_n be_v it_o be_v almost_o a_o hundred_o year_n since_o the_o english_a have_v raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o silver_n coin_n and_o in_o the_o same_o time_n the_o french_a have_v raise_v they_o twice_o which_o will_v have_v make_v the_o english_a money_n much_o of_o the_o same_o rise_v with_o give_v of_o allowance_n to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a who_o have_v always_o undervalue_v their_o silver_n money_n and_o overvalue_v their_o gold_n in_o respect_n to_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o have_v since_o twice_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o gold_n to_o wit_n in_o king_n james_n the_o first_o be_v time_n who_o coin_v a_o twenty-shilling-piece_n of_o gold_n light_a by_o two_o shilling_n than_o that_o which_o he_o coin_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n which_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o his_o first_o iacobus's_n to_o two_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o in_o king_n charles_n the_o second_v time_n who_o coin_v the_o guinea_n two_o shilling_n light_a have_v the_o broad-piece_n so_o that_o when_o the_o guinea_n be_v currant_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n the_o broad-piece_n go_v for_o two_o and_o twenty_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n of_o europe_n to_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o money_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n or_o else_o they_o can_v preserve_v it_o in_o their_o country_n notwithstanding_o any_o severe_a law_n to_o prohibit_v the_o melt_a and_o export_v of_o it_o for_o there_o be_v a_o constant_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n betwixt_o all_o the_o country_n of_o europe_n if_o one_o prince_n set_v a_o much_o high_a value_n on_o his_o money_n than_o another_o the_o merchant_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o observe_v where_o they_o can_v get_v most_o profit_n will_v melt_v down_o the_o coin_n of_o one_o country_n and_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o mint_n of_o another_o country_n where_o the_o money_n be_v raise_v and_o will_v yield_v the_o great_a price_n this_o will_v appear_v plain_a by_o a_o instance_n here_o in_o england_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v not_o raise_v their_o silver_n money_n since_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v about_o a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n of_o europe_n have_v since_o that_o time_n twice_o raise_v their_o several_a coin_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o and_o about_o four_o or_o five_o year_n since_o that_o although_o there_o have_v be_v since_o that_o time_n coin_v in_o england_n with_o allowance_n of_o what_o be_v coin_v in_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n the_o sum_n of_o 19429061_o l._n 19_o s._n 6_o d._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o mint_n yet_o by_o the_o computation_n that_o mr._n lownds_o make_v there_o be_v not_o above_o five_o million_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n remain_v which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v more_o than_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v upon_o the_o new_a coinage_n of_o the_o money_n by_o the_o calculation_n he_o make_v from_o the_o wear_v and_o clip_v money_n so_o that_o there_o have_v be_v near_o fourteen_o million_o melt_v down_o and_o carry_v away_o within_o this_o space_n of_o time_n and_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o some_o accidental_a cause_n that_o bring_v bullion_n to_o the_o mint_n since_o the_o foreign_a prince_n have_v raise_v
the_o account_n of_o the_o customhouse_n book_n and_o use_v to_o give_v for_o instance_n the_o french_a trade_n because_o the_o revenue_n that_o arise_v from_o those_o duty_n on_o french_a wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n that_o be_v import_v be_v so_o much_o great_a than_o the_o duty_n on_o those_o good_n that_o be_v send_v into_o france_n and_o therefore_o use_v to_o cry_v out_o very_o much_o against_o the_o french_a trade_n though_o perhaps_o if_o that_o be_v thorough_o consider_v the_o french_a trade_n be_v as_o profitable_a to_o the_o nation_n as_o any_o other_o foreign_a trade_n which_o may_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v if_o it_o be_v proper_a for_o this_o debate_n but_o to_o make_v up_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n by_o the_o customhouse_n book_n be_v a_o very_a uncertain_a way_n of_o reckon_n for_o all_o foreign_a good_n that_o be_v import_v pay_v a_o great_a duty_n than_o the_o native_a good_n export_v it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o all_o trade_n nation_n to_o lay_v easy_a custom_n if_o any_o upon_o their_o native_a commodity_n that_o they_o may_v be_v send_v cheap_a to_o foreign_a market_n and_o thereby_o encourage_v both_o the_o make_n and_o export_v of_o they_o and_o to_o lay_v high_a duty_n upon_o foreign_a ware_n that_o they_o may_v be_v dear_a and_o so_o not_o lessen_v by_o their_o cheapness_n the_o consumption_n of_o the_o native_a commodity_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o computation_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n that_o be_v pay_v at_o the_o customhouse_n for_o the_o foreign_a good_n import_v and_o the_o native_a export_v but_o suppose_v there_o shall_v be_v a_o allowance_n make_v in_o cast_v up_o the_o account_n for_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o duty_n that_o the_o foreign_a good_n pay_v more_o than_o the_o native_a yet_o that_o can_v be_v no_o advantage_n in_o the_o discover_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n because_o they_o can_v discover_v by_o the_o customhouse_n book_n what_o the_o native_a good_n that_o be_v export_v be_v sell_v for_o for_o the_o balance_n of_o the_o trade_n must_v arise_v from_o the_o value_n of_o the_o good_n that_o be_v sell_v and_o not_o from_o the_o quantity_n that_o be_v export_v or_o import_v and_o that_o be_v know_v only_o to_o the_o merchant_n that_o sell_v the_o good_n and_o it_o be_v not_o for_o his_o interest_n to_o acquaint_v other_o with_o it_o and_o thereby_o discover_v the_o profit_n of_o his_o trade_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o find_v out_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n by_o the_o customhouse_n book_n some_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o way_n to_o find_v out_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n be_v by_o the_o foreign_a exchange_n and_o they_o reckon_v that_o if_o the_o exchange_n run_v high_a upon_o a_o nation_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o there_o be_v more_o foreign_a good_n import_v than_o there_o be_v of_o the_o native_a export_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v bill_n of_o exchange_n draw_v to_o answer_v the_o effect_n and_o make_v up_o the_o difference_n in_o the_o value_n of_o what_o the_o native_a good_n be_v sell_v for_o less_o than_o the_o foreign_a this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o near_a way_n of_o guess_v of_o the_o balance_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o a_o nation_n but_o this_o be_v altogether_o as_o uncertain_a for_o exchange_n rise_v and_o fall_v every_o week_n and_o at_o some_o particular_a time_n in_o the_o year_n run_v high_a against_o a_o nation_n and_o at_o other_o time_n run_v as_o high_a on_o the_o contrary_n as_o against_o a_o vintage_n a_o great_a mart_n or_o some_o public_a sale_n the_o exchange_n may_v run_v high_o to_o bourdeaux_n francfort_n or_o holland_n upon_o a_o east-india_n sale_n and_o at_o other_o time_n the_o exchange_n may_v have_v run_v to_o the_o same_o place_n as_o much_o on_o the_o contrary_a for_o no_o exchange_n can_v constant_o run_v high_a against_o a_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o merchant_n that_o trade_n to_o that_o country_n must_v always_o lose_v by_o their_o trade_n for_o if_o the_o good_n that_o they_o export_v do_v yield_v they_o as_o much_o profit_n as_o the_o good_n they_o import_v they_o must_v lose_v by_o the_o return_n and_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o merchant_n will_v always_o trade_n to_o a_o country_n where_o they_o must_v always_o lose_v by_o trading_n therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o account_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n by_o foreign_a exchange_n as_o to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o exchange_n betwixt_o holland_n and_o england_n that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o rule_n because_o of_o the_o extraordinary_a charge_n of_o the_o war_n at_o this_o time_n but_o if_o there_o can_v be_v a_o account_n take_v of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n i_o can_v see_v where_o the_o advantage_n of_o it_o can_v be_v for_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v give_v for_o it_o that_o the_o overplus_n be_v pay_v in_o bullion_n and_o the_o nation_n grow_v so_o much_o the_o rich_a because_o the_o balance_n be_v make_v up_o in_o bullion_n be_v altogether_o a_o mistake_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v but_o commodity_n and_o one_o sort_n of_o commodity_n be_v as_o good_a as_o another_o so_o it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o value_n a_o hundred_o pound_n worth_a of_o copper_n be_v as_o good_a to_o a_o merchant_n as_o if_o he_o import_v a_o hundred_o pound_n worth_a of_o silver_n and_o he_o may_v get_v as_o much_o by_o it_o beside_o some_o country_n have_v no_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o yet_o the_o trade_n to_o these_o country_n may_v be_v as_o profitable_a to_o the_o merchant_n and_o nation_n as_o to_o the_o other_o country_n from_o whence_o they_o fetch_v the_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o the_o trade_n to_o denmark_n and_o sueden_n and_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n from_o whence_o they_o fetch_v pitch_n tar_n hemp_n and_o timber_n be_v as_o profitable_a to_o england_n as_o the_o trade_n to_o spain_n from_o whence_o the_o merchant_n fetch_v the_o bullion_n though_o those_o very_a good_n pitch_n tar_n hemp_n etc._n etc._n be_v buy_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o the_o bullion_n that_o be_v bring_v from_o spain_n for_o all_o merchant_n get_v by_o their_o trade_n and_o if_o they_o grow_v rich_a the_o nation_n thrive_v for_o a_o nation_n grow_v rich_a by_o the_o inhabitant_n grow_v rich_a beside_o those_o good_n pitch_n tar_n and_o hemp_n be_v more_o profitable_a commodity_n to_o england_n than_o bullion_n because_o they_o be_v material_n for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n and_o employ_v more_o hand_n in_o the_o work_n of_o they_o after_o they_o be_v import_v than_o bullion_n do_v and_o the_o only_a way_n to_o know_v what_o sort_n of_o good_n and_o trade_n be_v most_o profitable_a to_o a_o nation_n be_v by_o examine_v which_o sort_n of_o good_n employ_v most_o hand_n by_o import_v and_o manufacture_v for_o every_o man_n that_o work_v be_v pay_v for_o his_o time_n and_o the_o more_o there_o be_v employ_v in_o a_o nation_n the_o rich_a the_o nation_n grow_v and_o therefore_o the_o import_v of_o unwrought_a good_n such_o as_o flax_n raw-silk_n cotton_n etc._n etc._n and_o all_o sort_n of_o bulky_a and_o weighty_a good_n such_o as_o wine_n pitch_n tar_n etc._n etc._n be_v more_o profitable_a to_o a_o nation_n than_o wrought-silk_n linen_n or_o calico_n or_o gold_n silver_n and_o good_n of_o little_a bulk_n in_o respect_n to_o their_o weight_n because_o the_o nation_n get_v the_o profit_n by_o the_o make_n of_o the_o raw-silk_n flax_n and_o cotton_n into_o wrought_a silk_n linen_n and_o all_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v make_v of_o of_o cotton_n and_o by_o the_o bulky_a good_n a_o great_a profit_n from_o their_o freight_n but_o this_o rule_n all_o trade_n nation_n be_v acquaint_v with_o and_o therefore_o lie_v high_a duty_n upon_o all_o manufactured_a good_n and_o a_o less_o duty_n upon_o those_o unmanufacture_v some_o upon_o this_o consideration_n be_v for_o prohibit_v not_o only_o almost_o all_o sort_n of_o manufactured_a good_n but_o several_a other_o commodity_n because_o they_o think_v they_o hinder_v the_o make_n and_o consume_v of_o their_o own_o manufacture_n and_o native_a commodity_n but_o in_o this_o they_o be_v under_o a_o great_a mistake_n and_o perhaps_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n as_o the_o many_o law_n for_o prohibit_v commodity_n or_o lay_v too_o high_a a_o duty_n which_o amount_v to_o a_o prohibition_n for_o by_o such_o prohibition_n the_o trade_n to_o such_o a_o country_n be_v whole_o lose_v by_o which_o the_o profit_n that_o the_o english_a merchant_n use_v to_o get_v by_o sell_v the_o foreign_a good_n the_o profit_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o the_o freight_n the_o profit_n from_o the_o native_a commodity_n that_o use_v to_o be_v send_v in_o exchange_n
silver_n in_o it_o by_o this_o argument_n in_o my_o opinion_n they_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o young_a courtier_n and_o make_v a_o ill_a sort_n of_o compliment_n to_o his_o majesty_n by_o give_v a_o great_a value_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o metal_n than_o to_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o king_n when_o they_o will_v allow_v that_o the_o stamp_n and_o effigy_n upon_o the_o coin_n give_v a_o value_n to_o the_o money_n and_o that_o the_o king_n authority_n make_v it_o currant_n when_o all_o the_o coin_n of_o his_o predecessor_n be_v not_o otherwise_o make_v the_o current_a money_n of_o england_n but_o by_o their_o proclamation_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a objection_n against_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n which_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v full_o answer_v and_o show_v that_o they_o be_v only_o imaginary_a mischief_n but_o if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o raise_v the_o mischief_n will_v be_v real_a and_o consequence_n very_o fatal_a to_o the_o nation_n for_o if_o the_o money_n be_v new-coined_a according_a to_o the_o old_a standard_n it_o will_v be_v certain_o melt_v down_o and_o carry_v away_o as_o fast_o as_o it_o be_v coin_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o law_n that_o can_v be_v make_v to_o prevent_v it_o and_o the_o nation_n be_v leave_v without_o money_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o will_v be_v that_o trade_n will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n the_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n will_v fall_v and_o a_o general_a poverty_n and_o clamour_n over_o the_o whole_a nation_n ensue_v for_o money_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n and_o for_o a_o nation_n to_o be_v without_o money_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o if_o it_o be_v without_o measure_n and_o have_v neither_o yard_n scales_n nor_o bushel_n in_o the_o country_n without_o some_o of_o which_o no_o bargain_n can_v be_v make_v in_o those_o country_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o live_v upon_o trade_n but_o a_o country-life_n every_o man_n have_v always_o provision_n sufficient_a to_o sustain_v life_n they_o may_v shift_v without_o money_n and_o barter_v one_o commodity_n for_o another_o but_o in_o england_n where_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o people_n depend_v upon_o trade_n and_o that_o by_o sell_v of_o such_o good_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o the_o people_n be_v under_o no_o great_a necessity_n of_o have_v but_o may_v shift_v without_o and_o have_v no_o way_n of_o feed_v themselves_o but_o â—y_a the_o profit_n of_o such_o bargain_n they_o can_v â—ive_a without_o money_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o money_n will_v starve_v because_o no_o person_n will_v â—arter_v for_o those_o good_n that_o they_o have_v no_o absolute_a occasion_n for_o if_o they_o want_v money_n beside_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o a_o nation_n will_v bring_v down_o the_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n for_o according_a to_o the_o consumption_n of_o â—l_a good_n and_o the_o occasion_n there_o be_v for_o they_o â—he_v price_n will_v rise_v when_o money_n be_v want_v man_n consume_v less_o they_o be_v better_a â—_z and_o make_v every_o thing_n last_v long_o which_o lessen_v the_o consumption_n of_o the_o native_a commodity_n and_o make_v the_o price_n of_o they_o â—o_o fall_v and_o if_o the_o price_n of_o the_o native_a commodity_n fall_v the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n will_v â—â—nk_v for_o the_o tenant_n can_v pay_v the_o same_o â—ent_n when_o the_o corn_n and_o wool_n and_o other_o commodity_n which_o be_v the_o product_n of_o the_o and_o fall_v to_o half_a the_o value_n to_o conclude_v there_o be_v nothing_o so_o much_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o at_o this_o time_n to_o raise_v their_o money_n it_o will_v increase_v the_o spety_n of_o the_o coin_n and_o save_v the_o nation_n near_o a_o million_o of_o money_n now_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o chargeable_a war._n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n but_o this_o which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o several_a prince_n and_o state_n have_v raise_v their_o money_n and_o have_v find_v great_a success_n by_o it_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n sufficient_a for_o if_o all_o the_o money_n shall_v be_v new-coined_a to_o thâ—_n old_a standard_n it_o will_v not_o produce_v much_o above_o haâ—_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o money_n before_o it_o be_v new-coined_a and_o there_o may_v be_v several_a instance_n give_v beside_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o french_a where_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v raise_v their_o money_n in_o time_n of_o war_n oâ—_n purpose_n to_o increase_v the_o quantity_n of_o it_o but_o not_o on_o precedent_n where_o by_o new-coining_a of_o it_o in_o the_o timâ—_n of_o war_n the_o quantity_n have_v be_v make_v less_o beside_o there_o be_v a_o great_a reason_n for_o raise_v thâ—_n money_n while_o the_o war_n continue_v in_o foreign_a part_n because_o during_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o army_n iâ—_n flanders_n the_o exchange_n to_o those_o place_n will_v he_o high_a because_o of_o the_o constant_a occasion_n to_o remit_v monâ—â—_n to_o those_o part_n to_o pay_v the_o army_n but_o if_o the_o monâ—â—_n be_v raise_v above_o the_o price_n of_o bullion_n the_o dutch_a 〈◊〉_d flemish_a merchant_n that_o pay_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 〈◊〉_d flanders_n with_o their_o money_n with_o which_o the_o army_n 〈◊〉_d pay_v will_v send_v for_o their_o effect_n in_o bullion_n or_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o england_n because_o it_o will_v 〈◊〉_d more_o profitable_a to_o they_o if_o the_o money_n be_v raise_v bâ—â—_n if_o it_o be_v not_o raise_v it_o will_v be_v more_o profitable_a to_o meâ—â—_n down_o the_o money_n and_o send_v it_o away_o than_o bill_n of_o eâ—change_n by_o which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n there_o will_v be_v 〈◊〉_d money_n leave_v in_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o merchant_n be_v pay_v for_o the_o remit_v tâ—_n money_n at_o the_o first_o make_v of_o the_o bargain_n and_o noâ—_n ever_o expect_v to_o make_v a_o advantage_n by_o melt_a doâ—â—_n the_o money_n of_o the_o country_n and_o send_v it_o away_o fâ—â—_v if_o so_o the_o merchant_n need_v not_o pay_v for_o the_o bill_n of_o eâ—change_n but_o he_o propose_v to_o have_v his_o return_n make_v of_o his_o bill_n by_o the_o good_n and_o effect_n of_o the_o country_n from_o whence_o the_o bill_n be_v send_v and_o that_o will_v be_v much_o more_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v perpetual_a there_o be_v a_o new_a crop_n of_o corn_n and_o wool_n every_o year_n and_o the_o mine_n be_v never_o to_o be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o pay_v of_o the_o foreign_a bill_n with_o the_o native_a stock_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v the_o usual_a way_n that_o all_o foreign_a bill_n be_v pay_v can_v never_o prejudice_v a_o nation_n beside_o if_o it_o be_v not_o in_o a_o time_n of_o war_n the_o silver_n money_n ought_v to_o be_v raise_v because_o the_o foreign_a prince_n have_v raise_v their_o money_n twice_o since_o the_o silver_n money_n have_v be_v raise_v in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v the_o constant_a usage_n of_o all_o the_o foreign_a prince_n and_o state_n in_o europe_n to_o set_v a_o pretty_a equal_a valuation_n upon_o their_o money_n above_o the_o price_n of_o bullion_n and_o to_o raise_v their_o money_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n or_o else_o the_o money_n of_o the_o country_n where_o it_o be_v not_o raise_v will_v be_v melt_v down_o by_o the_o merchant_n and_o carry_v to_o the_o mint_n of_o those_o country_n where_o it_o be_v raise_v and_o the_o bullion_n yield_v a_o great_a profit_n and_o so_o in_o a_o short_a time_n there_o will_v be_v no_o money_n leave_v in_o that_o country_n the_o truth_n of_o which_o have_v be_v sufficient_o show_v from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n money_n be_v above_o fifteen_o million_o that_o have_v be_v melt_v down_o since_o the_o silver_n money_n be_v raise_v in_o england_n and_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o consequence_n if_o the_o money_n be_v now_o coin_v to_o the_o old_a standard_n because_o the_o money_n be_v of_o more_o value_n when_o it_o be_v melt_v into_o bullion_n than_o in_o coin_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o way_n to_o keep_v the_o silver_n money_n in_o the_o nation_n be_v to_o sink_v the_o price_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o will_v have_v guineas_n bring_v to_o two_o and_o twenty_o believe_v that_o the_o silver_n money_n will_v be_v buy_v up_o by_o the_o gold_n and_o export_v by_o this_o way_n of_o argue_v they_o must_v agree_v that_o silver_n be_v of_o a_o great_a value_n in_o another_o country_n or_o else_o there_o will_v be_v no_o advantage_n get_v by_o export_v it_o and_o if_o the_o gold_n be_v set_v at_o two_o and_o twenty_o or_o five_o and_o twenty_o it_o will_v preserve_v the_o silver_n because_o every_o merchant_n and_o trader_n may_v take_v the_o silver_n money_n by_o the_o sale_n of_o his_o good_n and_o need_v not_o buy_v it_o with_o the_o gold_n and_o if_o guineas_n be_v sink_v to_o two_o and_o twenty_o it_o will_v be_v a_o severe_a loss_n to_o those_o people_n that_o have_v take_v they_o at_o high_a rate_n and_o a_o damage_n to_o the_o nation_n by_o lessen_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o coin_n and_o by_o low'r_v the_o price_n of_o they_o may_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v export_v so_o that_o there_o will_v be_v neither_o gold_n nor_o silver_n leave_v in_o the_o nation_n to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n if_o nothing_o in_o itself_o have_v a_o certain_a price_n or_o value_n if_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v commodity_n of_o uncertain_a value_v if_o money_n have_v its_o value_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o government_n which_o make_v it_o currant_n and_o fix_v the_o price_n of_o each_o piece_n of_o metal_n then_o the_o money_n will_v be_v of_o as_o good_a value_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n when_o it_o be_v coin_v light_a for_o the_o authority_n be_v the_o same_o the_o value_n will_v be_v the_o same_o it_o will_v buy_v as_o much_o good_n the_o landlord_n will_v have_v as_o much_o rent_n and_o the_o nation_n will_v save_v a_o million_o of_o money_n at_o a_o time_n when_o they_o have_v so_o great_a occasion_n for_o it_o beside_o the_o prevent_a those_o fatal_a consequence_n that_o follow_v the_o coin_v the_o money_n too_o weighty_a as_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o money_n decay_n of_o trade_n the_o fall_n of_o rent_n and_o a_o general_a poverty_n and_o clamour_n all_o over_o the_o nation_n errata_fw-la preface_n page_n 3._o line_n 21._o read_v reason_n content_n '_o p._n 5._o l._n 7._o r._n of_o their_o rent_n p._n 8._o l._n 6._o r._n exchange_v p_o 9_o l._n 13._o r._n by_o the._n p._n 13._o l._n 24._o r._n as_o now_o p._n 20._o l._n 21._o 22_o r._n though_o the_o pound_n troy_n be_v in_o both_o p._n 21._o l._n 14._o r._n that_o be_v by_z p._n 22._o l._n 5_o &_o 6._o r._n edward_n the_o first_o p._n 26._o l._n 22._o r._n quantity_n of_o silver_n p._n 27._o l._n 13._o r._n that_o nothing_o in_o itself_o p._n 31._o l._n 20._o r._n contain_v p._n 63._o 1._o 3._o r._n nummus_fw-la finis_fw-la
with_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o custom_n to_o the_o government_n be_v lose_v by_o such_o law_n several_a sort_n of_o linen_n and_o other_o commodity_n be_v prohibit_v and_o the_o trade_n to_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n russia_n muscovy_n etc._n etc._n be_v thereby_o almost_o lose_v a_o well-regulated_n and_o proportion_a duty_n lay_v upon_o foreign_a ware_n may_v be_v very_o useful_a to_o a_o trade_n nation_n but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v so_o proportion_v that_o it_o may_v not_o hinder_v the_o importation_n of_o such_o foreign_a good_n nor_o lessen_v the_o make_v and_o consumption_n of_o the_o native_a commodity_n that_o be_v for_o the_o same_o use_n which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o set_v the_o duty_n so_o high_a as_o that_o the_o native_a commodity_n may_v be_v afford_v much_o cheap_a and_o then_o the_o foreign_a ware_n will_v only_o be_v buy_v and_o use_v by_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o the_o native_a commodity_n will_v be_v use_v by_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o people_n that_o cause_n the_o great_a consumption_n and_o that_o proportion_n of_o the_o native_a commodity_n which_o perhaps_o may_v have_v be_v use_v by_o the_o rich_a sort_n if_o such_o foreign_a ware_n have_v not_o be_v import_v will_v be_v export_v in_o exchange_n by_o the_o merchant_n and_o be_v consume_v by_o the_o rich_a people_n of_o those_o country_n from_o whence_o such_o good_n be_v import_v so_o that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o the_o native_a commodity_n will_v be_v make_v and_o consume_v the_o owner_n of_o ship_n and_o mariner_n will_v have_v profit_n by_o the_o freight_n the_o merchant_n by_o his_o trade_n and_o the_o king_n by_o his_o custom_n for_o thing_n have_v no_o value_n in_o themselves_o it_o be_v opinion_n and_o fashion_n bring_v they_o into_o use_n and_o give_v they_o a_o value_n and_o all_o foreign_a ware_n especial_o the_o dear_a sort_n be_v use_v chief_o for_o ornament_n and_o as_o badge_n of_o riches_n because_o they_o be_v foreign_a and_o rare_a and_o not_o from_o any_o extraordinary_a quality_n or_o goodness_n in_o the_o make_v of_o they_o and_o the_o same_o humour_n and_o opinion_n be_v in_o all_o nation_n the_o french_a value_n the_o english_a cloth_n hat_n glove_n and_o other_o english_a ware_n more_o than_o their_o own_o as_o we_o use_v to_o do_v french_a stuff_n hat_n and_o jessamin_n glove_n and_o other_o french_a good_n and_o this_o particular_a humour_n and_o opinion_n of_o value_v foreign_a commodity_n be_v the_o chief_a support_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o be_v so_o beneficial_a to_o all_o nation_n therefore_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o so_o great_a a_o concern_v to_o a_o trade_n nation_n as_o the_o well-regulating_a the_o custom_n house_n rate_n those_o gentleman_n that_o discourse_n much_o of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n do_v often_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o wear_n and_o consume_v so_o much_o foreign_a ware_n which_o hinder_v in_o their_o opinion_n the_o consumption_n of_o the_o native_a and_o therefore_o use_v to_o exclaim_v much_o against_o the_o wear_n of_o silk_n and_o drink_v so_o much_o french_a and_o other_o wine_n and_o do_v believe_v that_o if_o such_o quantity_n of_o foreign_a good_n be_v not_o import_v and_o wear_v the_o return_n will_v be_v make_v in_o bullion_n which_o will_v make_v the_o nation_n much_o rich_a this_o be_v their_o general_a complaint_n but_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o there_o be_v little_a reason_n for_o it_o and_o that_o the_o wear_n of_o silk_n may_v be_v as_o profitable_a to_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o wear_n of_o cloth_n that_o the_o import_v of_o wine_n make_v the_o nation_n as_o rich_a as_o by_o import_v of_o bullion_n and_o that_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o wear_v silk_n and_o drink_v wine_n they_o will_v neither_o have_v silk_n wine_n nor_o bullion_n for_o this_o be_v a_o certain_a maxim_n in_o trade_n that_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o foreign_a trade_n be_v from_o the_o native_a or_o staple_n commodity_n of_o each_o country_n it_o be_v by_o the_o exchange_n of_o the_o staple_n commodity_n of_o england_n tin_n lead_v and_o all_o sort_n of_o woollen_a manufacture_n that_o gold_n silver_n silk_n wines_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o foreign_a good_n be_v import_v and_o as_o a_o nation_n have_v nothing_o else_o at_o first_o to_o begin_v traffic_n but_o with_o its_o native_a commodity_n so_o it_o can_v be_v continue_v without_o and_o whensoever_o those_o be_v prohibit_v the_o trade_n to_o that_o country_n must_v be_v lose_v with_o the_o profit_n that_o be_v get_v by_o that_o trade_n for_o there_o be_v no_o foreign_a trade_n but_o be_v profitable_a to_o a_o nation_n or_o at_o least_o may_v be_v make_v so_o and_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o a_o trade_n nation_n to_o use_v none_o but_o their_o own_o native_a commodity_n and_o therefore_o if_o silk_n be_v not_o wear_v here_o then_o there_o will_v be_v none_o import_v nor_o no_o cloth_n nor_o serge_n export_v and_o wear_v in_o those_o country_n from_o whence_o we_o fetch_v our_o silk_n because_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o give_v in_o exchange_n but_o silk_n which_o be_v their_o native_a commodity_n and_o it_o be_v more_o profitable_a for_o the_o nation_n that_o the_o woollen_a manufacture_n shall_v be_v wear_v in_o foreign_a country_n than_o in_o their_o own_o because_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o carriage_n which_o be_v the_o export_n of_o the_o woollen_a manufacture_n and_o import_v of_o the_o silk_n be_v gain_v by_o it_o and_o the_o same_o general_a rule_n maybe_o observe_v in_o the_o trade_n for_o wine_n and_o all_o foreign_a ware_n and_o though_o the_o import_v of_o wine_n be_v extreme_o cry_v out_o against_o yet_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a trade_n to_o england_n for_o be_v a_o very_a bulky_a commodity_n it_o pay_v a_o great_a freight_n and_o be_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o rich_a people_n it_o pay_v a_o great_a duty_n to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o without_o complaint_n for_o england_n be_v a_o island_n and_o the_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o it_o be_v from_o trade_n and_o ship_n those_o commodity_n that_o be_v bulky_a aught_o to_o be_v value_v as_o most_o profitable_a and_o if_o some_o gentleman_n object_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o french_a wine_n use_v to_o be_v buy_v with_o bullion_n they_o will_v answer_v themselves_o if_o they_o reflect_v that_o we_o have_v no_o bullion_n here_o in_o england_n and_o therefore_o must_v have_v it_o at_o first_o by_o the_o exchange_n of_o some_o of_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o if_o it_o be_v fetch_v from_o spain_n by_o bay_n serges_n or_o other_o commodity_n and_o afterward_o carry_v into_o france_n that_o be_v no_o disadvantage_n for_o the_o merchant_n be_v pay_v for_o the_o double_a carriage_n of_o it_o in_o the_o price_n of_o the_o wine_n by_o those_o that_o sell_v they_o for_o every_o merchant_n expect_v profit_n in_o make_v his_o bargain_n but_o some_o gentleman_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a disadvantage_n to_o a_o nation_n to_o carry_v out_o the_o bullion_n which_o be_v a_o treasure_n and_o not_o perishable_a and_o bring_v in_o wine_n that_o be_v consume_v and_o the_o nation_n never_o the_o rich_a for_o they_o after_o they_o be_v drink_v and_o it_o be_v by_o this_o way_n that_o they_o make_v up_o the_o account_n of_o the_o balance_n whether_o a_o nation_n get_v or_o lose_v by_o trade_n and_o for_o argument_n common_o use_v a_o simile_n former_o publish_v by_o mr._n mun_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n and_o compare_v the_o stock_n of_o a_o nation_n to_o a_o private_a person_n suppose_v to_o have_v a_o thousand_o pound_n a_o year_n and_o two_o thousand_o pound_n in_o his_o chest_n if_o he_o spend_v fifteen_o hundred_o a_o year_n in_o four_o year_n time_n his_o two_o thousand_o pound_n will_v be_v spend_v and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o he_o spend_v but_o five_o hundred_o pound_n a_o year_n in_o the_o same_o time_n he_o will_v double_v his_o money_n in_o his_o chest._n the_o same_o will_v be_v to_o a_o nation_n so_o much_o as_o be_v import_v and_o consume_v more_o of_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n than_o be_v export_v of_o the_o native_a so_o much_o will_v the_o stock_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v waste_v and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o how_o much_o less_o be_v consume_v of_o foreign_a ware_n than_o be_v export_v of_o the_o native_a so_o much_o will_v the_o stock_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v increase_v because_o the_o balance_n on_o either_o side_n must_v be_v return_v in_o bullion_n upon_o this_o simile_n be_v found_v the_o opinion_n for_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o a_o nation_n get_v or_o lose_v by_o any_o particular_a trade_n from_o the_o difference_n
the_o value_n of_o their_o coin_n there_o have_v be_v very_o little_a silver_n money_n coin_v and_o much_o less_o to_o be_v find_v now_o in_o england_n for_o in_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o be_v time_n by_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o england_n the_o plate_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v coin_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a sum_n of_o silver_n money_n coin_v in_o his_o reign_n the_o call_v in_o the_o parliament-money_n in_o king_n charles_n the_o second_v time_n and_o new_a coin_v of_o it_o the_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n that_o be_v yearly_o send_v into_o england_n from_o france_n upon_o some_o particular_a occasion_n during_o his_o reign_n with_o the_o money_n that_o dunkirk_n be_v sell_v for_o and_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o give_v away_o the_o charge_n of_o coinage_n to_o encourage_v the_o merchant_n to_o bring_v bullion_n to_o the_o mint_n be_v almost_o three_o and_o a_o half_a per_fw-mi cent_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o silver_n money_n coin_v in_o his_o reign_n and_o if_o the_o two_o sum_n coin_v in_o these_o two_o king_n reign_v which_o make_v about_o twelve_o million_o with_o the_o money_n that_o be_v coin_v in_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n and_o a_o million_o that_o be_v coin_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o before_o the_o foreign_a prince_n raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o coin_n be_v put_v together_o they_o will_v make_v near_o eighteen_o million_o so_o that_o be_v it_o not_o for_o these_o accidental_a cause_n there_o have_v not_o be_v coin_v in_o the_o mint_n of_o england_n two_o million_o of_o silver_n money_n since_o the_o foreign_a prince_n raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o coin_n and_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o the_o wear_n of_o some_o of_o the_o old_a money_n light_a by_o often_o tell_v it_o over_o and_o clip_v of_o the_o rest_n by_o which_o they_o be_v make_v unprofitable_a to_o melt_v down_o by_o this_o time_n in_o all_o probability_n there_o have_v scarce_o be_v a_o silver_n piece_n of_o money_n to_o be_v see_v in_o england_n and_o that_o the_o raise_v the_o coin_n in_o foreign_a part_n and_o the_o not_o raise_v the_o silver_n coin_n in_o england_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o melt_v it_o down_o and_o transport_v it_o will_v plain_o appear_v from_o the_o plenty_n of_o the_o gold_n here_o compare_v with_o the_o silver_n for_o since_o the_o forty_o three_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n be_v the_o last_o time_n that_o the_o silver_n money_n be_v raise_v here_o in_o england_n the_o gold_n have_v be_v twice_o great_o raise_v by_o which_o mean_n there_o be_v here_o double_a if_o not_o treble_v the_o quantity_n of_o gold_n for_o silver_n whereas_o in_o all_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n in_o europe_n there_o be_v ten_o time_n more_o silver_n money_n than_o gold_n for_o in_o the_o forty_o three_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n according_a to_o mr._n lownds_n account_n from_o the_o record_n of_o the_o mint_n which_o all_o man_n agree_v be_v very_o exact_a a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o standard_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v be_v coin_v into_o thirty_o three_o sovereign_n and_o a_o half_a at_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o piece_n make_v thirty_o three_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n i._o the_o gold_n be_v raise_v and_o the_o same_o pound_n weight_n and_o standard_n of_o gold_n be_v coin_v into_o as_o many_o unit_v double-corowns_a and_o other_o piece_n of_o gold_n as_o make_v up_o forty_o pound_n eighteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o in_o king_n charles_n the_o second_v time_n the_o gold_n be_v again_o raise_v and_o the_o same_o standard_n and_o weight_n be_v coin_v into_o forty_o four_o guineas_fw-la and_o a_o half_a at_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o piece_n so_o that_o from_o thirty_o three_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n in_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n to_o forty_o four_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n in_o king_n charles_n reign_n the_o gold_n be_v raise_v near_o three_o and_o thirty_o per_fw-la cent_n since_o the_o silver_n money_n have_v be_v raise_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o gold_n and_o scarcity_n of_o silver_n what_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o these_o two_o prince_n raise_v their_o gold_n and_o not_o their_o silver_n be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v unless_o it_o be_v from_o some_o powerful_a argument_n offer_v by_o the_o guiney_n company_n who_o interest_n it_o be_v to_o have_v gold_n raise_v which_o do_v not_o appear_v and_o that_o this_o raise_v the_o gold_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o it_o be_v more_o plentiful_a here_o in_o england_n than_o silver_n will_v appear_v yet_o more_o plain_a if_o the_o record_n of_o the_o mint_n be_v examine_v since_o king_n charles_n the_o second_v restauration_n for_o since_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v coin_v in_o the_o mint_n of_o england_n 7263836_o l._n 1_o s._n 5_o d._n and_o in_o silver_n but_o 4319585_o l._n 9_o s._n 5_o d._n which_o do_v not_o want_n much_o of_o double_a the_o quantity_n of_o gold_n money_n that_o have_v be_v coin_v more_o than_o silver_n and_o when_o the_o guineas_n have_v a_o extraordinary_a rise_v here_o in_o england_n as_o to_o be_v currant_n at_o eight_o and_o twenty_o and_o thirty_o shilling_n a_o piece_n there_o be_v above_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n in_o gold_n coin_v in_o little_a more_o than_o nine_o month_n time_n which_o be_v more_o than_o be_v coin_v in_o six_o or_o eight_o year_n before_o which_o show_v plain_o that_o the_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o gold_n money_n here_o in_o england_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o so_o much_o be_v import_v and_o coin_v here_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o not_o raise_v of_o the_o silver_n money_n in_o proportion_n as_o the_o foreign_a mint_n have_v do_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o be_v constant_o melt_v down_o and_o carry_v away_o notwithstanding_o the_o many_o law_n to_o prohibit_v it_o for_o there_o be_v severe_a law_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o state_n that_o prohibit_v the_o counterfeit_n clip_v melt_a and_o export_v the_o money_n in_o all_o country_n it_o be_v death_n to_o counterfeit_v and_o clip_v the_o money_n in_o france_n england_n and_o several_a other_o country_n it_o be_v a_o high_a crime_n to_o melt_v it_o down_o and_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o money_n to_o export_v it_o and_o in_o spain_n it_o be_v death_n to_o transport_v it_o and_o yet_o when_o ever_o it_o have_v be_v profitable_a it_o have_v be_v always_o melt_v down_o and_o carry_v away_o so_o that_o by_o experience_n prince_n and_o state_n have_v find_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n to_o preserve_v it_o in_o the_o country_n but_o by_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o money_n so_o much_o above_o the_o price_n of_o bullion_n that_o the_o merchant_n may_v get_v more_o by_o carry_v away_o the_o bullion_n than_o the_o money_n the_o cause_n of_o raise_v the_o money_n here_o in_o europe_n will_v always_o continue_v as_o long_o as_o the_o european_n continue_v in_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n for_o trade_n make_v a_o people_n rich_a and_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v badge_n of_o riches_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o people_n grow_v rich_a the_o price_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n will_v rise_v because_o the_o occasion_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n will_v still_o increase_v especial_o as_o long_o as_o the_o trade_n continue_v to_o the_o mogul_n country_n in_o the_o east-indies_n for_o the_o prince_n and_o great_a people_n there_o believe_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v not_o only_o a_o honour_n to_o they_o while_o they_o be_v alive_a but_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v a_o respect_n in_o the_o next_o world_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n they_o die_v possess_v of_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o gold_n and_o silver_n they_o get_v more_o than_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n they_o from_o time_n to_o time_n melt_v into_o a_o mass_n or_o tank_n which_o be_v bury_v with_o they_o so_o that_o great_a part_n of_o what_o be_v dug_n out_o of_o the_o west_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o east_n and_o although_o there_o have_v be_v great_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n bring_v into_o europe_n since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west-indies_n yet_o the_o price_n of_o they_o have_v always_o rise_v and_o will_v always_o continue_v so_o as_o long_o as_o the_o people_n grow_v rich_a by_o trade_n which_o will_v make_v the_o occasion_n for_o they_o great_a than_o the_o quantity_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n by_o which_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v dear_a this_o continual_a rise_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n will_v be_v no_o prejudice_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n if_o they_o do_v but_o observe_v to_o
and_o afterward_o buy_v perhaps_o by_o a_o hundred_o person_n and_o pay_v for_o by_o the_o copper_n money_n of_o the_o country_n and_o there_o be_v but_o few_o bargain_n that_o can_v be_v make_v without_o the_o use_n of_o some_o copper_n money_n to_o make_v the_o sum_n even_o all_o sum_n here_o in_o england_n between_o sixpence_n and_o twelvepence_n be_v make_v up_o with_o farthing_n and_o halfpenny_n this_o show_v mr._n lock_n be_v mistake_n where_o he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n man_n give_v or_o take_v or_o contract_n for_o that_o they_o estimate_v the_o value_n of_o other_o thing_n and_o satisfy_v for_o they_o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o baker_n the_o grocer_n the_o coffee-man_n and_o all_o the_o retailer_n sell_v great_a quantity_n of_o good_n for_o the_o copper_n money_n wherein_o there_o be_v not_o one_o grain_n of_o silver_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v as_o well_o pay_v and_o satisfy_v for_o their_o good_n with_o such_o money_n as_o the_o farmer_n or_o merchant_n of_o who_o they_o first_o buy_v those_o good_n be_v with_o the_o silver_n money_n for_o the_o copper_n money_n may_v be_v coin_v as_o near_o to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o copper_n as_o the_o silver_n or_o gold_n money_n may_v be_v to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n or_o gold_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o government_n that_o make_v they_o all_o current_n be_v the_o same_o all_o sort_n of_o money_n must_v be_v of_o a_o equal_a value_n according_a to_o what_o they_o be_v stamp_v at_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o metal_n can_v make_v no_o difference_n if_o the_o value_v be_v equal_a that_o be_v do_v only_o by_o proportion_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o metal_n in_o each_o piece_n of_o money_n to_o their_o different_a value_v for_o instance_n suppose_v copper_n to_o be_v at_o twelvepence_n a_o pound_n and_o silver_n to_o be_v at_o three_o pound_n per_fw-la pound_n a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n be_v equal_a to_o five_o pound_n of_o copper_n and_o there_o be_v threescore_o penny_n in_o five_o shilling_n and_o threescore_o ounce_n in_o five_o pound_n a_o ounce_n of_o copper_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o money_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o crown_n in_o silver_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o value_n of_o a_o penny_n in_o silver_n and_o a_o halfpenny_n be_v half_o a_o ounce_n and_o of_o the_o size_n of_o half-acrown_a be_v equal_a to_o a_o halfpenny_n in_o silver_n if_o it_o have_v be_v the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n that_o man_n take_v and_o contract_n for_o man_n will_v have_v make_v their_o bargain_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o silver_n and_o not_o by_o the_o tale_n of_o money_n for_o silver_n be_v as_o well_o divide_v for_o traffic_n by_o weight_n as_o money_n be_v divide_v by_o number_n and_o there_o will_v be_v no_o occasion_n for_o coin_v for_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a in_o make_v of_o a_o bargain_n when_o the_o question_n be_v ask_v what_o shall_v i_o give_v or_o what_o will_v you_o take_v for_o such_o and_o such_o commodity_n to_o say_v i_o will_v give_v or_o take_v so_o many_o grain_n pennyweight_n ounce_n or_o pound_n of_o silver_n as_o to_o say_v that_o i_o will_v give_v or_o take_v so_o many_o pound_n shilling_n penny_n or_o halfpence_n but_o silver_n be_v a_o commodity_n for_o other_o use_v beside_o the_o make_n of_o money_n and_o according_a to_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n to_o supply_v those_o occasion_n be_v dear_a or_o cheap_a therefore_o money_n be_v invent_v which_o by_o public_a authority_n set_v and_o fix_v a_o certain_a value_n to_o each_o piece_n of_o money_n and_o it_o be_v that_o which_o man_n give_v and_o take_v by_o tale_n and_o number_n of_o the_o piece_n in_o exchange_n for_o all_o other_o commodity_n without_o regard_v the_o weight_n and_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n and_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v offer_v to_o buy_v good_n in_o the_o market_n by_o say_v i_o will_v give_v so_o many_o grain_n ounce_n or_o pound_n of_o silver_n he_o will_v be_v present_o ask_v what_o be_v silver_n worth_a a_o ounce_n and_o will_v be_v no_o more_o understand_v by_o mr._n lock_n be_v answer_n that_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v worth_a a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n than_o if_o a_o countryman_n in_o a_o market_n be_v ask_v what_o be_v corn_n worth_a a_o bushel_n shall_v say_v it_o be_v worth_a a_o bushel_n of_o corn._n and_o yet_o if_o mr._n lock_n be_v definition_n of_o money_n be_v true_a that_o it_o differ_v from_o uncoined_a silver_n only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n of_o money_n be_v ascertain_v by_o the_o stamp_n it_o bear_v which_o be_v set_v there_o to_o be_v a_o public_a voucher_n of_o its_o weight_n and_o fineness_n there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o answer_v give_v to_o know_v the_o value_n of_o silver_n by_o for_o if_o the_o stamp_n to_o a_o crown-piece_n which_o be_v a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v set_v only_o to_o describe_v its_o weight_n and_o fineness_n if_o any_o man_n be_v ask_v the_o question_n what_o silver_n be_v worth_a he_o can_v mean_v no_o more_o when_o he_o say_v it_o be_v worth_a a_o crown_n a_o ounce_n than_o that_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v worth_a a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n so_o that_o by_o his_o description_n of_o money_n no_o man_n can_v describe_v the_o value_n of_o silver_n but_o that_o mr._n lock_n be_v mistake_v in_o his_o definition_n of_o money_n will_v appear_v more_o plain_o by_o discourse_v of_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o the_o several_a coin_n he_o say_v that_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o monies_n be_v certain_a number_n of_o piece_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o one_o country_n contain_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o another_o number_n of_o piece_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o another_o country_n this_o be_v a_o general_a opinion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n to_o find_v it_o here_o assert_v by_o a_o gentleman_n who_o i_o suppose_v be_v only_a acquaint_v with_o the_o speculation_n and_o theory_n of_o foreign_a coin_n when_o many_o merchant_n and_o trader_n who_o business_n it_o have_v be_v to_o know_v the_o practic_a part_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v but_o consider_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o vulgar_a error_n and_o that_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o money_n be_v make_v by_o compute_v the_o valuation_n that_o the_o several_a government_n set_v on_o their_o coin_n which_o be_v not_o from_o the_o equal_a quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n of_o money_n for_o there_o be_v scarce_o two_o mint_n that_o agree_v in_o the_o standard_n of_o their_o coin_n the_o standard_n of_o spain_n be_v eleven_o ounce_n four-penny_n weight_n fine_a in_o a_o pound_n troy_n mexico_n eleven_o ounce_n threepenny_n weight_n ten_o grain_n england_n eleven_o ounce_n twopenny_n weight_n france_n ten_o ounce_n tenpenny_n weight_n holland_n nine_o ounce_n and_o the_o same_o difference_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o other_o mint_n of_o europe_n beside_o the_o pound_n troy_n be_v divide_v into_o a_o number_n of_o piece_n differ_v in_o their_o weight_n and_o that_o no_o two_o mint_n divide_v their_o money_n alike_o that_o in_o most_o piece_n of_o money_n the_o very_a grain_n of_o silver_n be_v divide_v in_o some_o a_o ten_o thirteen_o fifteen_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o more_o and_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o piece_n of_o money_n without_o fraction_n of_o grain_n of_o silver_n so_o that_o in_o those_o very_a coin_n that_o be_v near_a in_o value_n by_o computation_n it_o will_v be_v find_v altogether_o impracticable_a for_o any_o merchant_n to_o keep_v a_o account_n of_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o the_o several_a coin_n by_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n of_o money_n it_o will_v puzzle_v a_o good_a arithmetician_n to_o state_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o grain_n of_o silver_n in_o those_o piece_n that_o seem_v most_o to_o agree_v as_o to_o instance_n it_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n to_o number_v the_o difference_n of_o grain_n betwixt_o those_o piece_n of_o eight_o that_o of_o mexico_n and_o spain_n with_o the_o pound_n troy_n be_v both_o divide_v into_o thirteen_o piece_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v much_o more_o difficult_a to_o examine_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o grain_n of_o silver_n in_o such_o piece_n as_o the_o sixpence_n of_o england_n the_o rial_n of_o spain_n the_o shilling_n of_o holland_n with_o other_o coin_n about_o that_o value_n but_o if_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o grain_n with_o the_o innumerable_a fraction_n of_o grain_n be_v examine_v in_o the_o stivers_n of_o the_o low-countries_n the_o souz_n of_o france_n the_o crutize_n of_o germany_n with_o the_o silver_n pence_n of_o england_n and_o
the_o rest_n of_o the_o small_a silver_n money_n of_o other_o country_n it_o will_v be_v find_v almost_o impossible_a for_o the_o merchant_n or_o any_o one_o else_o to_o keep_v a_o account_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n of_o coin_n this_o difference_n in_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o several_a mint_n and_o in_o the_o unequal_a division_n of_o their_o money_n show_v plain_o that_o there_o be_v no_o common_a agreement_n about_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o their_o coin_n and_o that_o mr._n lock_n be_v mistake_v if_o this_o be_v his_o meaning_n of_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o silver_n by_o the_o estimate_n which_o common_a consent_n have_v place_v on_o it_o by_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o their_o coin_n if_o the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n be_v by_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n the_o government_n will_v certain_o have_v agree_v to_o have_v make_v their_o money_n of_o fine_a silver_n without_o any_o alloy_n and_o to_o have_v divide_v it_o into_o piece_n of_o equal_a weight_n or_o if_o it_o have_v be_v necessary_a to_o have_v put_v in_o some_o alloy_n that_o the_o money_n may_v bear_v the_o impression_n the_o better_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o mr._n lock_n give_v for_o do_v it_o all_o the_o mint_n by_o this_o time_n will_v have_v certain_o find_v out_o and_o agree_v in_o that_o proportion_n which_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o that_o purpose_n or_o at_o least_o the_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o i_o can_v agree_v to_o his_o reason_n for_o put_v in_o a_o alloy_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o i_o have_v see_v some_o medal_n make_v of_o fine_a silver_n that_o have_v bear_v the_o impression_n very_o well_o and_o look_v more_o beautiful_a than_o the_o stamp_n of_o any_o new-coined_a money_n and_o ancient_o in_o england_n from_o osbright_n the_o saxon_a king_n to_z edward_z iii_o the_o money_n be_v without_o any_o alloy_n and_o the_o coin_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n be_v now_o make_v of_o all_o fine_a silver_n and_o bear_v the_o stamp_n very_o well_o beside_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o only_a reason_n for_o make_v the_o money_n of_o such_o different_a allay_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n and_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o mint_n may_v not_o be_v easy_o discover_v and_o the_o money_n not_o be_v value_v after_o the_o price_n of_o bullion_n and_o thereby_o prevent_v the_o merchant_n and_o those_o that_o deal_v in_o bullion_n from_o buy_v and_o sell_v the_o coin_n and_o melt_v it_o down_o upon_o a_o sudden_a rise_n of_o bullion_n and_o this_o may_v reasonable_o be_v think_v a_o way_n to_o prevent_v it_o because_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o different_a allay_v and_o fineness_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v a_o mystery_n that_o belong_v only_o to_o a_o small_a number_n of_o man_n that_o deal_v in_o it_o who_o be_v either_o monier_n that_o belong_v to_o mint_n or_o goldsmith_n that_o serve_v a_o apprenticeship_n to_o acquire_v skill_n in_o it_o and_o yet_o perhaps_o not_o all_o of_o those_o acquaint_v with_o the_o chemical_a part_n of_o the_o mystery_n the_o knowledge_n of_o refine_n and_o essay_v of_o silver_n and_o gold_n but_o content_v themselves_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n by_o the_o touchstone_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o metal_n and_o it_o will_v yet_o more_o plain_o appear_v that_o man_n do_v not_o buy_v and_o sell_v by_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o merchant_n and_o trader_n buy_v and_o sell_v all_o their_o commodity_n by_o weight_n or_o measure_n and_o often_o make_v their_o contract_n by_o the_o price_n of_o what_o one_o yard_n or_o one_o pound_n will_v amount_v to_o which_o price_n be_v general_o for_o a_o odd_a sum_n of_o money_n as_o two-pence-farthing_n three-pence-farthing_n halfpenny_n three_o farthing_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o farthing_n in_o the_o pound_n or_o yard_n by_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o the_o money_n if_o they_o be_v to_o buy_v or_o sell_v by_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n will_v make_v a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o bargain_n in_o a_o great_a sum_n and_o much_o great_a in_o the_o make_n of_o many_o bargain_n and_o a_o continue_a trade_n since_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o money_n without_o fraction_n in_o the_o grain_n of_o silver_n beside_o it_o be_v no_o advantage_n to_o a_o merchant_n to_o make_v a_o computation_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o several_a foreign_a coin_n for_o he_o always_o make_v up_o the_o account_n of_o the_o profit_n or_o loss_n by_o the_o money_n of_o the_o country_n where_o he_o live_v and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o account_n make_v up_o till_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o commodity_n which_o he_o send_v out_o be_v return_v and_o if_o his_o good_n be_v sell_v by_o money_n not_o of_o the_o same_o par_fw-fr to_o the_o coin_n of_o his_o own_o country_n yet_o if_o such_o money_n buy_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o good_n as_o the_o coin_n of_o his_o own_o country_n will_v do_v it_o will_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o he_o as_o if_o the_o money_n be_v par_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o money_n that_o buy_v those_o good_n for_o instance_n if_o a_o english_a merchant_n send_v into_o portugal_n so_o many_o serge_n or_o other_o commodity_n as_o cost_v he_o here_o a_o hundred_o pound_n and_o they_o shall_v be_v sell_v for_o the_o reas_n which_o be_v the_o copper_n money_n of_o that_o country_n or_o other_o coin_n of_o unequal_a par_n and_o with_o that_o money_n portugal_n wine_n be_v buy_v and_o send_v over_o into_o england_n the_o merchant_n make_v up_o the_o account_n when_o the_o wine_n be_v sell_v and_o if_o they_o produce_v he_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n clear_a of_o all_o charge_n he_o get_v twenty_o pound_n by_o the_o return_n and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o he_o to_o take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o par_fw-fr betwixt_o the_o portugal_n and_o english_a coin_n or_o whether_o his_o good_n be_v sell_v for_o copper_n or_o silver_n money_n if_o the_o par_n of_o money_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v by_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n and_o that_o man_n make_v their_o bargain_n only_o for_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v there_o any_o copper_n money_n coin_v which_o reckon_v one_o country_n with_o another_o be_v a_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o money_n in_o europe_n it_o be_v true_a mr._n lock_n will_v not_o allow_v any_o other_o but_o silver_n money_n to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n and_o refuse_v gold_n and_o all_o other_o metal_n because_o he_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v commodity_n which_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o their_o value_n and_o therefore_o not_o fit_a to_o make_v money_n of_o this_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o supposition_n that_o there_o be_v a_o intrinsic_a value_n in_o silver_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o alter_v its_o price_n as_o to_o the_o intrinsic_a i_o have_v already_o answer_v and_o as_o to_o that_o whether_o gold_n and_o copper_n be_v not_o as_o fit_v to_o make_v money_n of_o as_o silver_n i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o those_o that_o continual_o take_v they_o in_o payment_n to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o they_o take_v such_o money_n if_o they_o do_v not_o think_v the_o value_n of_o they_o to_o be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o silver_n money_n money_n at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n have_v be_v make_v of_o copper_n and_o gold_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v as_o money_n there_o will_v not_o be_v enough_o leave_v to_o carry_v on_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n it_o be_v the_o public_a authority_n upon_o the_o metal_n that_o make_v it_o money_n and_o without_o such_o authority_n silver_n will_v no_o more_o pass_v for_o money_n than_o gold_n there_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o this_o than_o by_o what_o appear_v since_o the_o parliament_n have_v be_v debate_v about_o new_a coin_n of_o the_o money_n and_o settle_v the_o value_n of_o the_o guineas_n for_o before_o their_o meeting_n the_o clip_v money_n pass_v currant_n as_o if_o it_o be_v unclipt_a but_o their_o consideration_n about_o call_v of_o it_o in_o present_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o currancy_n of_o it_o because_o by_o their_o debate_n the_o value_n of_o it_o be_v make_v uncertain_a and_o no_o man_n know_v where_o the_o loss_n will_v fall_v and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v observe_v from_o their_o debate_n about_o settle_v the_o price_n of_o guineas_n for_o guineas_n before_o their_o meeting_n go_v currant_n at_o thirty_o shilling_n but_o upon_o the_o